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localnav-scrim" data-sticky role="navigation"> <div class="localnav-wrapper"> <div class="localnav-background"></div> <div class="localnav-content"> <h2 class="localnav-title"> <a href="/security/">Security</a> </h2> <div class="localnav-menu"> <a href="#localnav-menustate" class="localnav-menucta-anchor localnav-menucta-anchor-open" id="localnav-menustate-open"> <span class="localnav-menucta-anchor-label">Open Menu</span> </a> <a href="#" class="localnav-menucta-anchor localnav-menucta-anchor-close" id="localnav-menustate-close"> <span class="localnav-menucta-anchor-label">Close Menu</span> </a> <div class="localnav-menu-tray"> <ul class="localnav-menu-items"> <li class="localnav-menu-item"> <a href="/security/" class="localnav-menu-link">Overview</a> </li> <li class="localnav-menu-item"> <a href="/developer-id/" class="localnav-menu-link">Developer ID</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="localnav-actions localnav-actions-center"> <div class="localnav-action localnav-action-menucta" aria-hidden="true"> <label for="localnav-menustate" class="localnav-menucta"> <span class="localnav-menucta-chevron"></span> </label> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <label id="localnav-curtain" for="localnav-menustate"></label> <script src="/assets/scripts/ac-localnav.built.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/assets/scripts/localnav.js"></script> <main id="main" class="main" role="main"> <section class="section section-banner"> <div class="section-content"> <div class="row"> <div class="column large-centered large-12"> <p><a href="/videos/privacy-security/" class="icon icon-after icon-playcircle">See what’s new in security</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section section-hero bg-light padding-top padding-bottom"> <div class="section-content"> <div class="row"> <div class="column large-centered large-10 small-12 text-center no-padding-top"> <h1 class="typography-headline">Security</h1> <p class="typography-intro">Apple devices, platforms, and services provide world-class security and privacy to our users, with powerful APIs for you to leverage in your own apps.</p> </div> </div> <div class="row margin-top-small"> <picture class="security-hero center"> <source media="(max-width: 1068px)" srcset="/security/images/security-mbp14-iphone15-medium_2x.webp" type="image/webp" /> <source media="(max-width: 1068px)" srcset="/security/images/security-mbp14-iphone15-medium_2x.png" /> <source srcset="/security/images/security-mbp14-iphone15-large_2x.webp" type="image/webp" /> <img width="100%" src="/security/images/security-mbp14-iphone15-large_2x.png" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section section-code-securely"> <div class="legacy-grid"> <div class="row padding-top"> <div class="column large-10 small-12 gutter padding-top-small padding-bottom-small"> <h2 class="typography-section-headline">Authentication</h2> </div> </div> <div class="row padding-bottom"> <div class="column large-6 small-12 gutter padding-bottom-small no-padding-top"> <h3 class="typography-label"><span class="nowrap">Face ID</span> and <span class="nowrap">Touch ID</span></h3> <p>These secure ways to unlock, authenticate, and pay let users quickly access your app with just a glance or a touch of their finger. The Secure Enclave, a hardware-based security processor isolated from the rest of the system, encrypts and protects the user’s data.</p> <p><a href="/documentation/localauthentication/logging_a_user_into_your_app_with_face_id_or_touch_id/" class="more">Learn more</a></p> <h3 class="typography-label">Apple Pay</h3> <p><span class="nowrap">Apple Pay</span> provides an easy and secure way to pay using <span class="nowrap">Face ID</span> or <span class="nowrap">Touch ID,</span> or by double-clicking <span class="nowrap">Apple Watch.</span> Users can quickly provide their payment, shipping, and contact information to check out. And because you don’t receive any credit or debit card numbers, you don't need to handle sensitive data when customers use <span class="nowrap">Apple Pay.</span></p> <p><a href="/apple-pay/" class="more">Learn more</a></p> <h3 class="typography-label">Sign in with Apple</h3> <p>Your users can easily sign in to your apps and websites using their <span class="nowrap">Apple Account.</span> Instead of filling out forms, verifying email addresses, and choosing new passwords, they can use <span class="nowrap">Sign in with Apple</span> to set up an account and start using your app right away.</p> <p><a href="/sign-in-with-apple/" class="more">Learn more</a></p> </div> <div class="column large-6 small-12 gutter padding-bottom-small no-padding-top"> <h3 class="typography-label">Automatic strong passwords</h3> <p>Password AutoFill simplifies login and account creation tasks for iOS and iPadOS apps, as well as websites. With just a few taps, your users can create and save unique, strong passwords or log in to an existing account. They don’t even need to know their password — the system handles everything.</p> <p><a href="/documentation/security/password_autofill/" class="more">Learn more</a></p> <h3 class="typography-label">Passkeys</h3> <p>Based on industry standards for account authentication, passkeys replace passwords with cryptographic key pairs, making them easier to use and far more secure. Adopt passkeys to give people a simple, secure way to sign in to your apps and websites across platforms — with no passwords required.</p> <p><a href="/passkeys/" class="more">Learn more</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section section-secure-connections"> <div class="legacy-grid"> <div class="row padding-top divider-top"> <div class="column large-12 gutter padding-top-small padding-bottom-small"> <h2 class="typography-section-headline">Making secure connections</h2> <p>A range of APIs on Apple platforms enables your apps to employ secure network connections and to benefit from OS-level security policies.</p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="column large-6 small-12 gutter padding-bottom-small no-padding-top"> <h3 class="typography-label">App Transport Security (ATS)</h3> <p>ATS establishes best-practice policies for secure network communications using Apple platforms, employing Transport Layer Security (TLS) version 1.2, forward secrecy, and strong cryptography.</p> <ul class="links small margin-bottom"> <li class="document"><a href="/documentation/bundleresources/information_property_list/nsapptransportsecurity/">NSAppTransportSecurity</a></li> </ul> <h3 class="typography-label">Secure Transport API</h3> <p>Use Apple’s secure transport API to employ current versions of the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), Transport Layer Security (TLS), and Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) cryptographic protocols for network communications.</p> <ul class="links small margin-bottom"> <li class="document"><a href="/documentation/security/secure_transport/">Secure Transport Reference</a></li> </ul> <h3 class="typography-label">Supported algorithms</h3> <p>Starting with <span class="nowrap">iOS 10</span> and <span class="nowrap">macOS 10.12,</span> the RC4 cipher suite is disabled by default. In addition, Apple recommends that your servers use certificates signed with the SHA-2 cryptographic function.</p> <ul class="links small margin-bottom"> <li class="video"><a href="/videos/play/wwdc2016/706/">What’s New in Security</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column large-6 small-12 gutter padding-bottom-small no-padding-top"> <h3 class="typography-label">DeviceCheck and the App Attest API</h3> <p>Protect against security threats to your iOS, iPadOS, and tvOS apps and reduce fraudulent use of your services by managing device states and asserting app integrity. The DeviceCheck services provide information that you can integrate into an overall antifraud strategy for your app and risk assessment for a given device.</p> <p>Using the DeviceCheck service, a token on your server can set and query two binary digits of data per device — for example, to flag a device you‘ve determined to be fraudulent — while maintaining user privacy. And with App Attest, you can generate a special cryptographic key on a device running <span class="nowrap">iOS 14,</span> <span class="nowrap">iPadOS 14,</span> and <span class="nowrap">tvOS 15</span> or later, and use that key to validate the integrity of your app before your server provides access to sensitive data.</p> <ul class="links small margin-bottom"> <li class="document"><a href="/documentation/devicecheck/">DeviceCheck Framework</a></li> </ul> <h3 class="typography-label">Certificate Trust APIs and Certificate Transparency</h3> <p>Strong encryption for your network connections is not enough. To help ensure your app is connecting to the right server, employ Apple’s Certificate Trust APIs and Certificate Transparency.</p> <ul class="links small margin-bottom"> <li class="document"><a href="/documentation/security/certificate_key_and_trust_services/">Certificate, Key, and Trust Services</a></li> <li class="document"><a href="https://www.certificate-transparency.org/" class="icon icon-after icon-external">Certificate Transparency website</a></li> <li class="document"><a href="https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204132/">iOS trusted root certificates</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section section-user-secrets"> <div class="legacy-grid"> <div class="row padding-top divider-top"> <div class="column large-12 gutter padding-top-small padding-bottom-small"> <h2 class="typography-section-headline">Protecting user data</h2> <p>Apple platforms provide a variety of features for protecting user data.</p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="column large-6 small-12 gutter padding-bottom-small no-padding-top"> <h3 class="typography-label">Purpose strings</h3> <p>Purpose strings let you statically declare the sensitive data and resources your app employs.</p> <ul class="links small margin-bottom"> <li class="document"><a href="/documentation/uikit/protecting_the_user_s_privacy/requesting_access_to_protected_resources/">API guidance for using purpose strings</a></li> <li class="document"><a href="/library/archive/documentation/General/Reference/InfoPlistKeyReference/Articles/CocoaKeys.html">Information Property List Key Reference</a></li> </ul> <h3 class="typography-label">Copying and pasting sensitive data</h3> <p>Take advantage of privacy options when allowing users to copy and paste sensitive data in your apps on iPhone or iPad.</p> <ul class="links small margin-bottom"> <li class="document"><a href="/documentation/uikit/uipasteboard/">UIPasteboard Class Reference</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column large-6 small-12 gutter padding-bottom-small no-padding-top"> <h3 class="typography-label">Keychain and iCloud Keychain</h3> <p>Keychain and iCloud Keychain provide a secure repository for sensitive user data, such as certificates, keys, passwords, and notes.</p> <ul class="links small margin-bottom"> <li class="document"><a href="/documentation/security/keychain_services/">Keychain Services</a></li> <li class="document"><a href="/documentation/security/keychain_services/keychain_items/sharing_access_to_keychain_items_among_a_collection_of_apps/">Configuring Keychain Sharing</a></li> </ul> <h3 class="typography-label">App sandboxing</h3> <p>Protect Mac systems and users by limiting the privileges of an app to its intended functionality, increasing the difficulty for malicious software to compromise users’ systems.</p> <ul class="links small margin-bottom"> <li class="document"><a href="/documentation/security/app_sandbox/">App Sandbox</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section section-code-securely"> <div class="legacy-grid"> <div class="row padding-top divider-top"> <div class="column large-12 gutter padding-top-small padding-bottom-small"> <h2 class="typography-section-headline">Executing code securely</h2> <p>Apple platforms protect users with secure code execution. Xcode, Apple’s integrated development environment (IDE), directly provides code signing for iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, and watchOS apps that you distribute on the <span class="nowrap">App Store.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="column large-6 small-12 gutter padding-bottom-small no-padding-top"> <h3 class="typography-label">Sign your apps with <span class="nowrap">Developer ID</span></h3> <p>Gatekeeper on macOS helps protect users from downloading and installing malicious software distributed outside the <span class="nowrap">Mac App Store</span> by checking for a <span class="nowrap">Developer ID</span> certificate.</p> <ul class="links small margin-bottom"> <li class="document"><a href="/developer-id/"><span class="nowrap">Developer ID</span> and Gatekeeper</a></li> <li class="document"><a href="/library/archive/documentation/Security/Conceptual/CodeSigningGuide/Introduction/Introduction.html">Code Signing Guide</a></li> <li class="document"><a href="/library/archive/technotes/tn2206/_index.html">macOS Code Signing In Depth</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column large-6 small-12 gutter padding-bottom-small no-padding-top"> <h3 class="typography-label">Notarize your apps</h3> <p>If distributing your Mac app outside of the <span class="nowrap">Mac App Store,</span> sign and upload your app to Apple to be notarized to certify your app is genuine and to perform a security check.</p> <ul class="links small margin-bottom"> <li class="document"><a href="/documentation/security/notarizing_macos_software_before_distribution/">Notarizing macOS Software Before Distribution</a></li> <li class="document"><a href="/documentation/xcode/">Xcode Help: Distribute outside the <span class="nowrap">Mac App Store</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section section-cryptography-interfaces"> <div class="legacy-grid"> <div class="row padding-top divider-top"> <div class="column large-12 gutter padding-top-small padding-bottom-small"> <h2 class="typography-section-headline">Cryptographic interfaces</h2> <p>Apple platforms offer a comprehensive set of low-level APIs for developing cryptographic solutions within your apps.</p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="column large-6 small-12 gutter padding-bottom-small no-padding-top"> <h3 class="typography-label">Apple CryptoKit</h3> <p>Perform cryptographic operations securely and efficiently in your app.</p> <ul class="links small margin-bottom"> <li class="document"><a href="/documentation/cryptokit/">CryptoKit</a></li> </ul> <h3 class="typography-label">Common Crypto library</h3> <p>The Common Crypto library supports symmetric encryption, hash-based message authentication codes, and digests.</p> <ul class="links small margin-bottom"> <li class="document"><a href="/library/archive/documentation/Security/Conceptual/cryptoservices/Introduction/Introduction.html">Cryptographic Services Guide</a></li> <li class="document"><a href="https://opensource.apple.com/source/CommonCrypto/">Common Crypto on Apple Open Source</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column large-6 small-12 gutter padding-bottom-small no-padding-top"> <h3 class="typography-label">SecKey API for asymmetric keys</h3> <p>SecKey provides a unified asymmetric key API across Apple platforms.</p> <ul class="links small margin-bottom"> <li class="document"><a href="/documentation/security/certificate_key_and_trust_services/keys/">Certificate, Key, and Trust Services: Keys</a></li> </ul> <h3 class="typography-label">CryptoTokenKit for smart card support</h3> <p>The CryptoTokenKit framework provides first-class access for working with smart cards and other cryptographic devices in macOS.</p> <ul class="links small margin-bottom"> <li class="document"><a href="/documentation/cryptotokenkit/">CryptoTokenKit</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section section-resources"> <div class="legacy-grid"> <div class="row padding-top divider-top"> <div class="column large-12 gutter padding-top-small padding-bottom-small"> <h2 class="typography-section-headline">Security fundamentals and resources</h2> <p>These resources provide background information and support for security on Apple platforms.</p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="column large-6 small-12 gutter padding-bottom-small no-padding-top"> <h3 class="typography-label">Guides</h3> <ul class="links small margin-bottom"> <li class="document"><a href="https://support.apple.com/guide/security/welcome/1/web/">Apple Platform Security</a></li> <li class="document"><a href="https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201220/">Apple Product Security</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column large-6 small-12 gutter padding-bottom-small no-padding-top"> <h3 class="typography-label">Programs</h3> <ul class="links small margin-bottom"> <li class="document"><a href="/programs/security-research-device/">Apple Security Research Device Program</a></li> <li class="document"><a href="/security-bounty/">Apple Security Bounty</a></li> <li class="document"><a href="https://www.apple.com/certificateauthority/ca_program.html">Apple Root Certificate Program</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section section-corecrypto bg-light padding-top"> <div class="legacy-grid"> <div class="row"> <div class="column large-centered large-11 small-12 gutter padding-top-small padding-bottom-small"> <h2 class="text-center">corecrypto</h2> <p class="text-center center">Both the Security framework and Common Crypto rely on the corecrypto library to provide implementations of low-level cryptographic primitives. This is also the library submitted for validation of compliance with U.S. Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) 140-2/-3. Visit <a href="https://support.apple.com/guide/certifications/welcome/web"> Apple Platform Certifications</a> for <span class="nowrap">up-to-date</span> information on corecrypto validations. Although corecrypto does not directly provide programming interfaces for developers and should not be used by iOS, iPadOS, or macOS apps, the source code is available to allow for verification of its security characteristics and correct functioning.</p> <ul class="links small text-center"> <li class="download inline-block"><a class="overlay-trigger" href="" rel="/file/?file=security&agree=Yes">Download corecrypto source <span class="nowrap">(2023 OS Releases)</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </section> </main> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/styles/router-strip.css" type="text/css" /> <aside class="section developer-router-links"> <div class="section-content"> <div class="row"> <div class="column large-3 medium-6 small-6"> <a href="/download/" class="block text-center"> <figure class="router-icon router-icon-downloads"></figure> <p><strong>SDKs and betas</strong></p> <p class="typography-subbody">Download SDKs and beta operating systems for all Apple platforms.</p> <p 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DOWNLOADING OR USING THE APPLE SOFTWARE (AS DEFINED BELOW). THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CONSTITUTE A LEGAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN YOU AND APPLE.</b></p> <p class="p1"><b>IMPORTANT NOTE: BY DOWNLOADING OR USING THE APPLE SOFTWARE, YOU REPRESENT THAT YOU ARE AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE FOR YOUR APPLE DEVELOPER ACCOUNT AND THAT YOU HAVE READ AND AGREE TO THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT.</b></p> <p><b>1.</b> As used in this Agreement, the term “Apple Software” collectively means and includes all of the Apple corecrypto materials provided by Apple here, including but not limited to the Apple corecrypto software, frameworks, libraries, documentation and other Apple-created materials. In consideration of your agreement to abide by the following terms, conditioned upon your compliance with these terms and subject to these terms, Apple grants you, for a period of ninety (90) days from the date you download the Apple Software, a limited, non-exclusive, non-sublicensable license under Apple’s copyrights in the Apple Software to make a reasonable number of copies of, compile, and run the Apple Software internally within your organization only on devices and computers you own or control, for the sole purpose of verifying the security characteristics and correct functioning of the Apple Software; provided that you must retain this notice and the following text and disclaimers in all copies of the Apple Software that you make. You may not, directly or indirectly, redistribute the Apple Software or any portions thereof. The Apple Software is only licensed and intended for use as expressly stated above and may not be used for other purposes or in other contexts without Apple's prior written permission. Except as expressly stated in this notice, no other rights or licenses, express or implied, are granted by Apple herein.</p> <p><b>2.</b> The Apple Software is provided by Apple on an "AS IS" basis. APPLE MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, REGARDING THE APPLE SOFTWARE OR ITS USE AND OPERATION ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH YOUR PRODUCTS, SYSTEMS, OR SERVICES. APPLE DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE APPLE SOFTWARE WILL MEET YOUR REQUIREMENTS, THAT THE OPERATION OF THE APPLE SOFTWARE WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED OR ERROR-FREE, THAT DEFECTS IN THE APPLE SOFTWARE WILL BE CORRECTED, OR THAT THE APPLE SOFTWARE WILL BE COMPATIBLE WITH FUTURE APPLE PRODUCTS, SOFTWARE OR SERVICES. NO ORAL OR WRITTEN INFORMATION OR ADVICE GIVEN BY APPLE OR AN APPLE AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE WILL CREATE A WARRANTY.</p> <p><b>3.</b> IN NO EVENT SHALL APPLE BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE, REPRODUCTION, COMPILATION OR OPERATION OF THE APPLE SOFTWARE, HOWEVER CAUSED AND WHETHER UNDER THEORY OF CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF APPLE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.</p> <p><b>4.</b> This Agreement is effective until terminated. Your rights under this Agreement will terminate automatically without notice from Apple if you fail to comply with any term(s) of this Agreement. Upon termination, you agree to cease all use of the Apple Software and destroy all copies, full or partial, of the Apple Software. This Agreement will be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California, without regard to its choice of law rules.</p> <p>You may report security issues about Apple products to <a href="mailto:product-security@apple.com">product-security@apple.com</a>, as described here: <a href="https://www.apple.com/support/security/">https://www.apple.com/support/security/</a>. Non-security bugs and enhancement requests can be made via https://bugreport.apple.com as described here: <a href="https://developer.apple.com/bug-reporting/">https://developer.apple.com/bug-reporting/</a> <p>EA1350<br>10/5/2015</p> </section> <section class="agreement"> <section class="form-box"> <label for="agreementCheckbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="agreementCheckbox" value="1">I agree to the terms and conditions of the above corecrypto Internal Use License Agreement. </label> </section> <p class="text-center no-margin"> <input class="disagree button button-secondary close" type="button" value="Disagree and Cancel"> <input class="download button" type="submit" id="download" disabled value="Agree and Download"> </p> </section> </section> </body> </html>