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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="إديث كوان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إديث كوان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Cowan" title="Edith Cowan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Edith Cowan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Cowan" title="Edith Cowan – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Edith Cowan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Cowan" title="Edith Cowan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Edith Cowan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Cowan" title="Edith Cowan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Edith Cowan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AB_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ادیث کوان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ادیث کوان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Cowan" title="Edith Cowan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Edith Cowan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Cowan" title="Edith Cowan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Edith Cowan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BB" title="എഡിത് കോവൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എഡിത് കോവൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Cowan" title="Edith Cowan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Edith Cowan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="ايډيت کاوون – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ايډيت کاوون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Cowan" title="Edith Cowan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Edith Cowan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Cowan" title="Edith Cowan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Edith Cowan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Cowan" title="Edith Cowan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Edith Cowan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Cowan" title="Edith Cowan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Edith Cowan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%BF%AA%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%96%87" title="伊迪斯·科文 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊迪斯·科文" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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searchaux" style="display:none">Australian social reformer and politician (1861–1932)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Australian social activist. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Edith_Cowan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Edith Cowan (disambiguation)">Edith Cowan (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Edith Cowan</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Officer_of_The_Most_Excellent_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Officer of The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire">OBE</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Edith_Cowan_1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Edith_Cowan_1900.jpg/250px-Edith_Cowan_1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Edith_Cowan_1900.jpg/330px-Edith_Cowan_1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Edith_Cowan_1900.jpg/500px-Edith_Cowan_1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2607" data-file-height="3651" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Cowan in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1900</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_Legislative_Assembly" title="Western Australian Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a><br />of <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_West_Perth" title="Electoral district of West Perth">West Perth</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />12 March 1921 – 22 March 1924</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Draper" title="Thomas Draper">Thomas Draper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Davy_(politician)" title="Thomas Davy (politician)">Thomas Davy</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Edith Dircksey Brown</div><br />2 August 1861<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart bday">1861-08-02</span>)</span><br />Glengarry station, near <a href="/wiki/Geraldton" title="Geraldton">Geraldton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">9 June 1932<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend dday deathdate">1932-06-10</span>)</span> (aged 70)<br /><a href="/wiki/Subiaco,_Western_Australia" title="Subiaco, Western Australia">Subiaco</a>, Western Australia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Karrakatta_Cemetery" title="Karrakatta Cemetery">Karrakatta Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_(Australia)" title="Nationalist Party (Australia)">Nationalist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">James Cowan</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1879)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edith_Cowan_signature_1929.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Edith Cowan's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Edith_Cowan_signature_1929.svg/250px-Edith_Cowan_signature_1929.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Edith_Cowan_signature_1929.svg/330px-Edith_Cowan_signature_1929.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="956" data-file-height="111" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Edith Dircksey Cowan</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Officer_of_The_Most_Excellent_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Officer of The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire">OBE</a></span></span> (<i><span title="Name at birth"><a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a></span></i> <b>Brown</b>; 2 August 1861 – 9 June 1932) was an Australian social reformer who worked for the rights and welfare of women and children. She is best known as the first Australian woman to serve as a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament" title="Member of parliament">member of parliament</a>. Cowan has been featured on the reverse of <a href="/wiki/Australian_fifty-dollar_note" title="Australian fifty-dollar note">Australia's fifty-dollar note</a> since 1995. </p><p>Cowan was born at Glengarry station near <a href="/wiki/Geraldton" title="Geraldton">Geraldton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a>. She was the granddaughter of two of the colony's early settlers, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brown_(settler)" title="Thomas Brown (settler)">Thomas Brown</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Burdett_Wittenoom" title="John Burdett Wittenoom">John Wittenoom</a>. Cowan's mother died when she was seven, and she was subsequently sent to boarding school in <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a>. At the age of 15, her father, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Brown_(pastoralist)" title="Kenneth Brown (pastoralist)">Kenneth Brown</a>, was hanged for the murder of her stepmother, making her an orphan. She subsequently lived with her grandmother in <a href="/wiki/Guildford,_Western_Australia" title="Guildford, Western Australia">Guildford, Western Australia</a> until her marriage at the age of 18. She and her husband would have five children together, splitting their time between homes in <a href="/wiki/West_Perth,_Western_Australia" title="West Perth, Western Australia">West Perth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cottesloe,_Western_Australia" title="Cottesloe, Western Australia">Cottesloe</a>. </p><p>In 1894, Cowan was one of the founders of the <a href="/wiki/Karrakatta_Club" title="Karrakatta Club">Karrakatta Club</a>, the first women's <a href="/wiki/Social_club" title="Social club">social club</a> in Australia. She became prominent in the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">women's suffrage</a> movement, which saw women in Western Australia granted the right to vote in 1899. Cowan was also a leading advocate for <a href="/wiki/Public_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Public education">public education</a> and the rights of children (particularly those born to <a href="/wiki/Single_mother" class="mw-redirect" title="Single mother">single mothers</a>). She was one of the first women to serve on a local <a href="/wiki/Board_of_education" title="Board of education">board of education</a>, and in 1906 helped to found the Children's Protection Society, whose lobbying resulted in the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Court_of_Western_Australia" title="Children's Court of Western Australia">Children's Court</a> the following year. Cowan was a co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Service_Guilds" title="Women's Service Guilds">Women's Service Guild</a> in 1909, and in 1911 helped establish a state branch of the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Women_of_Australia" title="National Council of Women of Australia">National Council of Women</a>. </p><p>Cowan was a key figure in the creation of the <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_Memorial_Hospital_for_Women" title="King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women">King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women</a>, and became a member of its advisory board when it opened in 1916. She was made a justice of the Children's Court in 1915<sup id="cite_ref-cc1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cc1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cc2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cc2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a <a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_peace" title="Justice of the peace">justice of the peace</a> in 1920. <a href="/wiki/1921_Western_Australian_state_election" title="1921 Western Australian state election">In 1921</a>, Cowan was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative Assembly of Western Australia">Legislative Assembly of Western Australia</a> as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_(Australia)" title="Nationalist Party (Australia)">Nationalist Party</a>, becoming Australia's first female parliamentarian. She was defeated after just a single term, but maintained a high profile during her tenure and managed to secure the passage of several of her <a href="/wiki/Private_member%27s_bill" title="Private member's bill">private member's bills</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edith_Cowan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edith_Cowan_1876_or_1877.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Edith_Cowan_1876_or_1877.jpg/170px-Edith_Cowan_1876_or_1877.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Edith_Cowan_1876_or_1877.jpg/255px-Edith_Cowan_1876_or_1877.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Edith_Cowan_1876_or_1877.jpg/340px-Edith_Cowan_1876_or_1877.jpg 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="729" /></a><figcaption> Cowan as a teenager, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1876</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edith_Cowan_1879.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Edith_Cowan_1879.jpg/250px-Edith_Cowan_1879.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Edith_Cowan_1879.jpg/330px-Edith_Cowan_1879.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Edith_Cowan_1879.jpg/340px-Edith_Cowan_1879.jpg 2x" data-file-width="467" data-file-height="676" /></a><figcaption>Cowan in her wedding dress</figcaption></figure> <p>Cowan was born on 2 August 1861 at Glengarry, a <a href="/wiki/Sheep_station" title="Sheep station">sheep station</a> near <a href="/wiki/Geraldton" title="Geraldton">Geraldton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the second child of <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Brown_(pastoralist)" title="Kenneth Brown (pastoralist)">Kenneth Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pastoralism" title="Pastoralism">pastoralist</a> and son of early York settlers <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brown_(settler)" title="Thomas Brown (settler)">Thomas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eliza_Brown_(settler)" title="Eliza Brown (settler)">Eliza Brown</a>, and his first wife Mary Eliza Dircksey Wittenoom, a teacher and the daughter of the colonial chaplain, <span style="white-space: nowrap;">J. B.</span> Wittenoom. Cowan's mother died in childbirth in 1868 when Cowan was only seven. She went to a <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a> boarding school run by the Misses Cowan,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sisters of her future husband. Her adolescence was shattered in 1876 by the ordeal of her father's trials and hanging for the murder, that year, of his second wife. He murdered his second wife by shooting her when they were packing. Cowan was a solitary person, committed nevertheless to social reforms which enhanced women's dignity and responsibility and which secured proper care for mothers and children. </p><p>After her father's death, Cowan left her boarding school and moved to <a href="/wiki/Guildford,_Western_Australia" title="Guildford, Western Australia">Guildford</a> to live with her grandmother. There, she attended tuition of Canon Sweeting, a former headmaster of <a href="/wiki/Hale_School" title="Hale School">Bishop Hale's School</a> who had taught a number of prominent men including <a href="/wiki/John_Forrest" title="John Forrest">John Forrest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Septimus_Burt" title="Septimus Burt">Septimus Burt</a>. According to her biographer, Sweeting's tuition left Cowan with "a life-long conviction of the value of education, and an interest in books and reading". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Community_work">Community work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edith_Cowan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Community work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edith_Cowan,_1921.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Edith_Cowan%2C_1921.jpg/170px-Edith_Cowan%2C_1921.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Edith_Cowan%2C_1921.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption>Cowan in 1921, the year she was elected to parliament</figcaption></figure> <p>Cowan became involved with social issues and injustices in the legal system, especially with respect to women and children. In 1894, she helped found the <a href="/wiki/Karrakatta_Club" title="Karrakatta Club">Karrakatta Club</a>, a group in which women "educated themselves for the kind of life they believed they ought to be able to take". In time, she became the club's president, life member, and trustee.<sup id="cite_ref-WANP_centenary_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WANP_centenary-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Karrakatta Club became involved in the campaign for <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Australia" title="Women's suffrage in Australia">women's suffrage</a>, successfully gaining the vote for women in 1899. </p><p>After the turn of the century, she turned her eye to welfare issues. She was particularly concerned with <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_health" title="Women's health">women's health</a> and the welfare of disadvantaged groups, such as disadvantaged children and prostitutes. She became extraordinarily active in women's organisations and welfare organisations, serving on numerous committees. The building of Perth's <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_Memorial_Hospital_for_Women" title="King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women">King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women</a> in 1916 was largely a result of her efforts. She helped form the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Service_Guilds" title="Women's Service Guilds">Women's Service Guilds</a> in 1909 and was a co-founder of the Western Australia's <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Women_of_Australia" title="National Council of Women of Australia">National Council of Women</a>, serving as president from 1913 to 1921 and vice-president until her death. Cowan was also a Western Australian delegate to the national assembly for 19 years.<sup id="cite_ref-WANP_centenary_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WANP_centenary-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1916, she became a <a href="/wiki/Freemason" class="mw-redirect" title="Freemason">Freemason</a>, admitted to the Australian federation of <a href="/wiki/Le_Droit_Humain" title="Le Droit Humain">Droit Humain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She believed that children should not be tried as adults and, accordingly, founded the Children's Protection Society. The society had a major role in the subsequent introduction of children's courts. In 1915, she was appointed to the bench of the new court<sup id="cite_ref-cc1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cc1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cc2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cc2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and continued on in this position for eighteen years. In 1920, she became one of the first female <a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_Peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Justice of the Peace">Justices of the Peace</a>. Her great great nephew <a href="/wiki/David_Malcolm" title="David Malcolm">David Malcolm</a> followed in her footsteps, by becoming <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Western_Australia" title="Chief Justice of Western Australia">Chief Justice</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Western_Australia" title="Supreme Court of Western Australia">Supreme Court of Western Australia</a> in 1988. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, she collected food and clothing for soldiers at the front and coordinated efforts to care for returned soldiers. She became chairperson of the Red Cross Appeal Committee and was rewarded when, in 1920, she was appointed an Officer of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Order of the British Empire</a> (OBE).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In her final years, she was an Australian delegate to the 1925 International Conference of Women held in the United States. She helped to found the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Western_Australian_Historical_Society" title="Royal Western Australian Historical Society">Royal Western Australian Historical Society</a> in 1926 and assisted in the planning of Western Australia's 1929 Centenary celebrations. Though she remained involved in social issues, illness forced her to withdraw somewhat from public life in later years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Community_positions_held">Community positions held</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edith_Cowan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Community positions held"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beside being a Member of Parliament, Cowan held positions on many boards in Western Australia, in 1929 during the centenary <i><a href="/wiki/The_West_Australian" title="The West Australian">The West Australian</a></i> published a list of these;<sup id="cite_ref-WANP_centenary_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WANP_centenary-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ul><li>Perth Hospital Board</li> <li>King Edward Maternity Hospital Advisory Board</li> <li>Chairman of the Perth Hospital Red Cross Auxiliary</li> <li>President of the Military Nurses Home committee</li> <li>President of Pageantry and sights committee – WA Historical Society</li> <li>Vice President of WA League of Nations Union</li> <li>Red Cross division committee</li> <li>Children's Protection Society</li> <li>Town Planning Association</li> <li>Housewives Association</li> <li>Infant Health Association</li> <li>WA Historical Society</li> <li>Nationalist Party Executive</li> <li>Governor of St Mary's Church School</li> <li>General and Provisional Synods of the Church of England</li> <li>Bush Nursing Association</li> <li>Centenary Committee</li> <li>Women's Immigration Auxiliary</li> <li>Girl Guides Council</li> <li>Karrakatta Club</li> <li>Western Australia National Council of Women</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edith_Cowan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edith_Cowan_WANP_05Jul1929.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Edith_Cowan_WANP_05Jul1929.jpg/220px-Edith_Cowan_WANP_05Jul1929.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Edith_Cowan_WANP_05Jul1929.jpg/330px-Edith_Cowan_WANP_05Jul1929.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Edith_Cowan_WANP_05Jul1929.jpg/440px-Edith_Cowan_WANP_05Jul1929.jpg 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="353" /></a><figcaption>Quote signed Edith Cowan</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1921, Western Australia passed <a href="/wiki/Legislation" title="Legislation">legislation</a> allowing women to stand for parliament. At the age of 59, she stood as the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_(Australia)" title="Nationalist Party (Australia)">Nationalist</a> candidate for the <a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_Legislative_Assembly" title="Western Australian Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_West_Perth" title="Electoral district of West Perth">seat of West Perth</a> because she felt that domestic and social issues were not being given enough attention. She won a surprise victory, defeating the <a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_of_Western_Australia" title="Attorney-General of Western Australia">Attorney-General</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Draper" title="Thomas Draper">Thomas Draper</a>, who had introduced the legislation that enabled her to stand. Cowan was the first woman to be elected to an Australian parliament. She campaigned for <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">women's rights</a> in <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">parliament</a>, pushing through legislation which allowed women to be involved in the legal profession. She succeeded in placing mothers in an equal position with fathers when their children died without having made a will and was one of the first to promote <a href="/wiki/Sex_education" title="Sex education">sex education</a> in schools. However, she lost her seat at the 1924 election and failed to regain it in 1927. </p><p>Cowan supported <a href="/wiki/Secessionism_in_Western_Australia" title="Secessionism in Western Australia">the secession of Western Australia</a> from the federation and was active in the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominion League">Dominion League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1930 she spoke at the inaugural meeting of the league's <a href="/wiki/Claremont,_Western_Australia" title="Claremont, Western Australia">Claremont</a> branch alongside leading secession campaigner <a href="/wiki/Keith_Watson_(politician)" title="Keith Watson (politician)">Keith Watson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was a delegate to the secession convention in August 1931 and successfully moved a motion calling on members "to support, irrespective of party divisions, election candidates pledged to secession and to the securing of a referendum".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edith_Cowan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cowan_home_021016_gnangarra-1001.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Cowan_home_021016_gnangarra-1001.JPG/250px-Cowan_home_021016_gnangarra-1001.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Cowan_home_021016_gnangarra-1001.JPG/330px-Cowan_home_021016_gnangarra-1001.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Cowan_home_021016_gnangarra-1001.JPG/500px-Cowan_home_021016_gnangarra-1001.JPG 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption>Cowan's residence from 1883 to 1896 and then again from 1912 to 1919 – added to the state register of heritage properties in 2016<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>At the age of 18, on 12 November 1879, Edith married James Cowan, then Registrar of the Supreme Court. They lived at <i>Scotstoun</i>, 71 Malcolm Street, <a href="/wiki/West_Perth,_Western_Australia" title="West Perth, Western Australia">West Perth</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for most of their lives, but are also well known for having one of the first houses in Avonmore Terrace, <a href="/wiki/Cottesloe,_Western_Australia" title="Cottesloe, Western Australia">Cottesloe</a>, where they lived from 1896 to 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cowan was married in <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Cathedral,_Perth" title="St George's Cathedral, Perth">St George's Cathedral, Perth</a>. She was one of the first women elected to the Anglican Synod in 1916. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_burial">Death and burial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edith_Cowan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Death and burial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following an extended period of ill-health Cowan died of <a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer" title="Pancreatic cancer">pancreatic cancer</a> at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Avro_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avro Hospital (page does not exist)">Avro Hospital</a>, Subiaco on 9 June 1932, at the age of 70. After a short service at St. Mary's Church, West Perth, a large public funeral was held at <a href="/wiki/Karrakatta_Cemetery" title="Karrakatta Cemetery">Karrakatta Cemetery</a> where she was buried.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edith_Cowan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edith_Dircksey_Cowan_Memorial1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Edith_Dircksey_Cowan_Memorial1.jpg/220px-Edith_Dircksey_Cowan_Memorial1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Edith_Dircksey_Cowan_Memorial1.jpg/330px-Edith_Dircksey_Cowan_Memorial1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Edith_Dircksey_Cowan_Memorial1.jpg/440px-Edith_Dircksey_Cowan_Memorial1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="978" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Edith_Dircksey_Cowan_Memorial" title="Edith Dircksey Cowan Memorial">Edith Dircksey Cowan Memorial</a>, formerly known as the Edith Cowan Memorial Clock</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_Australian_fifty_dollar_note_reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c8/2018_Australian_fifty_dollar_note_reverse.jpg/250px-2018_Australian_fifty_dollar_note_reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c8/2018_Australian_fifty_dollar_note_reverse.jpg/330px-2018_Australian_fifty_dollar_note_reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c8/2018_Australian_fifty_dollar_note_reverse.jpg/440px-2018_Australian_fifty_dollar_note_reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="207" /></a><figcaption>Edith Cowan's portrait appears on the back of Australia's fifty-dollar note.</figcaption></figure> <p>Two years after her death, the <a href="/wiki/Edith_Dircksey_Cowan_Memorial" title="Edith Dircksey Cowan Memorial">Edith Cowan Memorial Clock</a> was unveiled at the entrance to Perth's <a href="/wiki/Kings_Park,_Western_Australia" title="Kings Park, Western Australia">Kings Park</a>. Believed to be the first civic monument to an Australian woman, it was built in the face of persistent opposition which has been characterised as "representative of a <a href="/wiki/Gender_bias" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender bias">gender bias</a> operating at the time".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her portrait featured on an Australian postage stamp in 1975,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as part of a six-part "Australian Women" series. <a href="/wiki/Australia_Post" title="Australia Post">Australia Post</a> honoured Edith again in 2021, for the centenary of her election, as Australia’s first woman parliamentarian. During the <a href="/wiki/WAY_1979" class="mw-redirect" title="WAY 1979">WAY 1979</a> sesquicentennial celebrations, a plaque was laid in <a href="/wiki/St_Georges_Terrace" title="St Georges Terrace">St Georges Terrace</a> in her honour. It is on the corner of Milligan Street and is for 1921. </p><p>In 1984, the federal <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Cowan" title="Division of Cowan">Division of Cowan</a> was created and named after her, and in January 1991 the Western Australian College of Advanced Education was renamed <a href="/wiki/Edith_Cowan_University" title="Edith Cowan University">Edith Cowan University</a> (ECU).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her portrait appears on the <a href="/wiki/Australian_fifty_dollar_note" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian fifty dollar note">Australian fifty dollar note</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Polymer_banknote" title="Polymer banknote">polymer banknote</a> that was first issued in October 1995. In 2019 the release of the latest $50 note caused a sensation when it was discovered that the word 'responsibility' in Edith Cowan's speech was spelt incorrectly, missing the last 'i'. In 1996, a <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_plaque" title="Commemorative plaque">plaque</a> honouring her was placed in <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Cathedral,_Perth" title="St George's Cathedral, Perth">St George's Cathedral, Perth</a>. There are references to her in the <a href="/wiki/Centenary_of_Western_Australian_Women%27s_Suffrage_Memorial" title="Centenary of Western Australian Women's Suffrage Memorial">Centenary of Western Australian Women's Suffrage Memorial</a> in Kings Park, and in a <a href="/wiki/Tapestry" title="Tapestry">tapestry</a> that was hung in <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_Memorial_Hospital_for_Women" title="King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women">King Edward Memorial Hospital</a> in 2000 to honour women involved in the hospital. </p><p>In 1991, Edith Cowan University purchased the house in which Edith Cowan, her husband and family had resided at 71 Malcolm Street.<sup id="cite_ref-edith-cowan-house_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edith-cowan-house-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They resided in the house from 1919 for approximately 20 years.<sup id="cite_ref-edith-cowan-house_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edith-cowan-house-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The house was reconstructed on the university's <a href="/wiki/Joondalup" title="Joondalup">Joondalup</a> campus with the assistance of the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_College_of_TAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="West Coast College of TAFE">West Coast College of TAFE</a>. The reconstructed house opened in 1997<sup id="cite_ref-edith-cowan-house_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edith-cowan-house-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as Building 20 on that campus, and currently houses the <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cowan_(writer)" title="Peter Cowan (writer)">Peter Cowan</a> Writer's Centre.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Edith Cowan was added to the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Honour_Roll_of_Women" title="Victorian Honour Roll of Women">Victorian Honour Roll of Women</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2001. Her life was the subject of the stage play <i>With Fire in Her Heart: the Edith Cowan Story</i> by Western Australian author and playwright Trevor Todd, in 2020. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edith_Cowan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Glengarry station is now located in <a href="/wiki/Moonyoonooka" class="mw-redirect" title="Moonyoonooka">Moonyoonooka</a>, a rural locality on the eastern margin of Geraldton.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edith_Cowan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cc1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cc1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cc1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/26944889">"News and notes"</a>. <i>The West Australian</i>. Perth, WA. 10 June 1915. p. 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+West+Australian&rft.atitle=News+and+notes&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1915-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F26944889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdith+Cowan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cc2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cc2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cc2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/80997744">"Mainly About People"</a>. <i>Daily News</i>. Perth, WA. 31 July 1915. p. 5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News&rft.atitle=Mainly+About+People&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1915-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F80997744&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdith+Cowan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cgg.wa.gov.au/Profiles/cgg/Assets/ClientData/Document-Centre/Planning/Heritage/Greenough/Greenough_Heritage_Place_Number-165-MCH126990.pdf">"Municipal Inventory of Heritage Places Place Record: Glengarry"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. City of Greater Geraldton. 13 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Fremantle. 20 February 1869. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Vol. XLV, no. 8, 437. Western Australia. 5 July 1929. p. 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2019</span> – via National Library of Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+West+Australian&rft.atitle=CENTENARY+PERSONALITIES.&rft.volume=XLV&rft.issue=8%2C+437&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1929-07-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article32292912&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdith+Cowan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211106203930/http://www.freemasonryformenandwomen.org.au/female-freemasons/">"Female Freemasons"</a>. International Order of Freemasonry for Men & Women - Australian Federation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freemasonryformenandwomen.org.au/female-freemasons/">the original</a> on 6 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Female+Freemasons&rft.pub=International+Order+of+Freemasonry+for+Men+%26+Women+-+Australian+Federation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreemasonryformenandwomen.org.au%2Ffemale-freemasons%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdith+Cowan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/1107641">It's an Honour: OBE</a>. Retrieved 16 December 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/32477067">"Women's Rally"</a>. <i>The West Australian</i>. 5 April 1933.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+West+Australian&rft.atitle=Women%27s+Rally&rft.date=1933-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F32477067&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdith+Cowan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/33342080">"Secession"</a>. <i>The West Australian</i>. 12 September 1930.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+West+Australian&rft.atitle=Secession&rft.date=1930-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F33342080&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdith+Cowan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/38533121">"Secession Convention"</a>. <i>The West Australian</i>. 6 August 1931.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+West+Australian&rft.atitle=Secession+Convention&rft.date=1931-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F38533121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdith+Cowan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAcott2016" class="citation news cs1">Acott, Ken (25 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/wa/a/32720006/home-built-by-edith-cowan-saved-from-demolition/#page1">"Old home saved from demolition"</a>. The West Australian<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Old+home+saved+from+demolition&rft.date=2016-09-25&rft.aulast=Acott&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fau.news.yahoo.com%2Fthewest%2Fwa%2Fa%2F32720006%2Fhome-built-by-edith-cowan-saved-from-demolition%2F%23page1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdith+Cowan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au/Public/Inventory/Details/782a41f6-ebc5-43a8-9dd2-1da87c672861">"InHerit - State Heritage Office"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=InHerit+-+State+Heritage+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au%2FPublic%2FInventory%2FDetails%2F782a41f6-ebc5-43a8-9dd2-1da87c672861&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdith+Cowan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1527205">"Cowan, Dircksey Constance (1880-)"</a>. <i>Trove</i>. National Library of Australia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trove&rft.atitle=Cowan%2C+Dircksey+Constance+%281880-%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fpeople%2F1527205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdith+Cowan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/32665339">"The Late Mrs Cowan - Impressive Funeral"</a>. <i>The West Australian</i>. Perth, WA. 13 June 1932. p. 12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+West+Australian&rft.atitle=The+Late+Mrs+Cowan+-+Impressive+Funeral&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1932-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F32665339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdith+Cowan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/83706829">"Mrs Cowan's death"</a>. <i>The Daily News</i>. Perth, WA. 9 June 1932. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Mrs+Cowan%27s+death&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1932-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F83706829&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdith+Cowan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Council_of_Western_Australia" title="Heritage Council of Western Australia">Heritage Council of Western Australia</a>, 2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Australian Women stamps series: Edith Cowan <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.australianstamp.com/images/large/0011310.jpg">http://www.australianstamp.com/images/large/0011310.jpg</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">History of Edith Cowan University and its Predecessor institutions <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ecu.edu.au/GPPS/rams/history.html">http://www.ecu.edu.au/GPPS/rams/history.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120315220856/http://www.ecu.edu.au/GPPS/rams/history.html">Archived</a> 15 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-edith-cowan-house-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-edith-cowan-house_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-edith-cowan-house_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-edith-cowan-house_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Edith Cowan House: the reconstruction <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/36356521">http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/36356521</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Cowan Writer's Centre <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110226212001/http://www.pcwc.org.au/index.php?p=1_12">"Peter Cowan Writers' Centre"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcwc.org.au/index.php?p=1_12">the original</a> on 26 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peter+Cowan+Writers%27+Centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcwc.org.au%2Findex.php%3Fp%3D1_12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdith+Cowan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://herplacemuseum.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/2001-Honour-Roll-Booklet-2.pdf">"Victorian Honour Roll of Women 2001"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Victorian+Honour+Roll+of+Women+2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fherplacemuseum.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F03%2F2001-Honour-Roll-Booklet-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdith+Cowan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_sources">Other sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edith_Cowan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlackBolton2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Black_(historian)" title="David Black (historian)">Black, David</a>; <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Bolton" title="Geoffrey Bolton">Bolton, Geoffrey</a> (2001). <i>Biographical Register of Members of the Parliament of Western Australia, Volume One, 1870–1930</i> (Revised ed.). <a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_Perth" title="Parliament House, Perth">Parliament House</a>: <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Western_Australia" title="Parliament of Western Australia">Parliament of Western Australia</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0730738140" title="Special:BookSources/0730738140"><bdi>0730738140</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Register+of+Members+of+the+Parliament+of+Western+Australia%2C+Volume+One%2C+1870%E2%80%931930&rft.place=Parliament+House&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Parliament+of+Western+Australia&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0730738140&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Bolton%2C+Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdith+Cowan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlack,_David_and_Phillips,_Harry2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Black_(historian)" title="David Black (historian)">Black, David</a> and Phillips, Harry (2000). <i>Making a Difference: Women in the Western Australian Parliament 1921–1999</i>. Parliament House, Perth, Western Australia: Parliament of Western Australia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7307-4464-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7307-4464-7"><bdi>0-7307-4464-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+a+Difference%3A+Women+in+the+Western+Australian+Parliament+1921%E2%80%931999&rft.place=Parliament+House%2C+Perth%2C+Western+Australia%3A+Parliament+of+Western+Australia&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7307-4464-7&rft.au=Black%2C+David+and+Phillips%2C+Harry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdith+Cowan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCowan,_Peter1978" class="citation book cs1">Cowan, Peter (1978). <i>A unique position: a biography of Edith Dircksey Cowan 1861–1932</i>. Nedlands, Western Australia: University of Western Australia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85564-135-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-85564-135-5"><bdi>0-85564-135-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+unique+position%3A+a+biography+of+Edith+Dircksey+Cowan+1861%E2%80%931932&rft.place=Nedlands%2C+Western+Australia&rft.pub=University+of+Western+Australia+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-85564-135-5&rft.au=Cowan%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdith+Cowan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPhillips1996" class="citation book cs1">Phillips, Harry (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ro.ecu.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=7821&context=ecuworks"><i>The Voice of Edith Cowan: Australia's First Woman Parliamentarian 1921–1924</i></a>. Edith Cowan University. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0729802884" title="Special:BookSources/0729802884"><bdi>0729802884</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Voice+of+Edith+Cowan%3A+Australia%27s+First+Woman+Parliamentarian+1921%E2%80%931924&rft.pub=Edith+Cowan+University&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0729802884&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fro.ecu.edu.au%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Freferer%3D%26httpsredir%3D1%26article%3D7821%26context%3Decuworks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdith+Cowan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="{{{ref}}}" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Percival_Serle" title="Percival Serle">Serle, Percival</a> (1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks15/1500721h/0-dict-biogCl-Cu.html#cowan1">"Cowan, Edith"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Australian_Biography" title="Dictionary of Australian Biography">Dictionary of Australian Biography</a></i>. Sydney: <a href="/wiki/Angus_%26_Robertson" title="Angus & Robertson">Angus & Robertson</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cowan%2C+Edith&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Australian+Biography&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Angus+%26+Robertson&rft.date=1949&rft.aulast=Serle&rft.aufirst=Percival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.net.au%2Febooks15%2F1500721h%2F0-dict-biogCl-Cu.html%23cowan1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdith+Cowan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060820191558/http://www.heritage.wa.gov.au/register/PDF_Files/E%20-%20A-D/Edith%20D%20Cowan%20Mem%20%28I-AD%29.PDF">"Edith Dircksey Cowan Memorial"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Register of Heritage Places – Assessment Documentation</i>. <a href="/wiki/Heritage_Council_of_Western_Australia" title="Heritage Council of Western Australia">Heritage Council of Western Australia</a>. 20 December 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.wa.gov.au/register/PDF_Files/E%20-%20A-D/Edith%20D%20Cowan%20Mem%20(I-AD).PDF">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 20 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Register+of+Heritage+Places+%E2%80%93+Assessment+Documentation&rft.atitle=Edith+Dircksey+Cowan+Memorial&rft.date=2000-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.wa.gov.au%2Fregister%2FPDF_Files%2FE%2520-%2520A-D%2FEdith%2520D%2520Cowan%2520Mem%2520%28I-AD%29.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdith+Cowan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edith_Cowan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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/></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Edith_Cowan" class="extiw" title="commons:Edith Cowan"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Edith Cowan</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.womenaustralia.info/leaders/biogs/WLE0162b.htm">Cowan, Edith Dircksey</a> at <i>The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/library/MPHistoricalData.nsf/(Lookup)/80E6430BA5F9A786482577E50028A588?OpenDocument"><i>Edith Dircksey Cowan</i> in <i>Biographical Register of Members of the Parliament of Western Australia</i></a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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