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</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Stop consonant without a release burst</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">No audible release</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">◌̚</span></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Encoding</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Entity <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(decimal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>&#794;</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unicode <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(hex)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">U+031A</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Stop_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop consonant">stop</a> with <b>no audible release</b>, also known as an <b>unreleased stop</b> or an <b>applosive</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Stop_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop consonant">stop consonant</a> with no release burst: no audible indication of the end of its occlusion (hold). In the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a>, lack of an audible release is denoted with an upper-right corner <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritic</a> (<span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Phonetic symbols in Unicode">U+</a>031A</span> </span><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌̚</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING LEFT ANGLE ABOVE</span>) after the consonant letter, as in: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[p̚]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̚]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[k̚]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Audibly released stops, on the other hand, are not normally indicated. If a final stop is aspirated, the <a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspiration (phonetics)">aspiration</a> diacritic ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">◌ʰ</span>⟩ is sufficient to indicate the release. Otherwise, the "unaspirated" diacritic of the <a href="/wiki/Extensions_to_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet">Extended IPA</a> may be employed for this: <i>apt</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈæp̚t˭]</span>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="English">English</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No_audible_release&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:American_English_unreleased_stops.wav" title="File:American English unreleased stops.wav">Word-final unreleased stops in American English</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="24" data-mwtitle="American_English_unreleased_stops.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/American_English_unreleased_stops.wav/American_English_unreleased_stops.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/American_English_unreleased_stops.wav/American_English_unreleased_stops.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/American_English_unreleased_stops.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>In most dialects of <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, the first stop of a cluster has no audible release, as in <i>apt</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈæp̚t]</span>, <i>doctor</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈdɒk̚tə]</span>, or <i>logged on</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˌlɒɡ̚dˈɒn]</span>. Although such sounds are frequently described as "unreleased", the reality is that since the two consonants overlap, the release of the former takes place during the hold of the latter, masking the former's release and making it inaudible.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That can lead to cross-articulations that seem very much like deletions or complete <a href="/wiki/Assimilation_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assimilation (linguistics)">assimilation</a>. </p><p>For example, <i>hundred pounds</i> may sound like <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈhʌndɹɨ<b>b</b><span class="wrap"> </span>ˈpʰaundz]</span> but X-ray<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Electropalatography" title="Electropalatography">electropalatographic</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> studies demonstrate that since inaudible and possibly-weakened contacts may still be made, the second <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d/</span> in <i>hundred pounds</i> does not entirely assimilate a labial place of articulation but co-occurs with it. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>, a word-final stop is typically unreleased; that is especially the case for /t/,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but in that position, it is also analyzed as experiencing <a href="/wiki/T-glottalization#Glottal_reinforcement_(pre-glottalization)" title="T-glottalization">glottal reinforcement</a>. </p><p>Such sounds may occur between vowels, as in some pronunciations of <i>ou<b>t</b> a lot</i>. The overlap there appears to be with a <a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">glottal stop</a>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̚ʔ]</span>: the <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t/</span> is pronounced, and since it is between vowels, it must be released. However, its release is masked by the <a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">glottal stop</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wells_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wells-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (See: <a href="/wiki/T-glottalization" title="T-glottalization">T-glottalization</a>, in some dialects). </p><p>The term "unreleased" is also used for a stop before a <a href="/wiki/Homorganic" class="mw-redirect" title="Homorganic">homorganic</a> <a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">nasal</a>, as in <i>catnip</i>. In such cases, however, the stop is released as a nasal in a <i><a href="/wiki/Nasal_release" title="Nasal release">nasal release</a></i> and so it would be more precisely transcribed <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈkætⁿnɪp]</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_languages">Other languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No_audible_release&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Other languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In most languages in <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> with final stops, such as <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese language">Cantonese</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Bajau_language" class="mw-redirect" title="West Coast Bajau language">West Coast Bajau</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the stops are not audibly released: <i>mak</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[mak̚]</span>. That is true even between vowels. That is thought to be caused by an overlapping <a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">glottal stop</a><sup id="cite_ref-wells_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wells-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is more precisely transcribed <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[mak̚ʔ]</span>. A consequence of an inaudible release is that any aspirated–unaspirated distinction is neutralized. Some languages, such as <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> which are reported to have unreleased final stops, turn out to have short voiceless <a href="/wiki/Nasal_release" title="Nasal release">nasal releases</a> instead. The excess pressure is released (voicelessly) through the nose and so there is no audible release to the stop. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formosan_languages">Formosan languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No_audible_release&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Formosan languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Formosan_languages" title="Formosan languages">Formosan languages</a> of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Tsou_language" title="Tsou language">Tsou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amis_language" title="Amis language">Amis</a> realize all <a href="/wiki/Obstruent" title="Obstruent">obstruents</a> as released but not aspirated, as in Tsou <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈsip˹tɨ]</span> "four" and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[smuˈjuʔ˹tsu]</span> "to pierce", or Amis <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tsᵊtsaj]</span> "one" and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[sᵊpat˹]</span> "four".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> (The symbol for a release burst, ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">˹</span>⟩, is acknowledged but not supported by the IPA.<sup id="cite_ref-IPA_Handbook_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPA_Handbook-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gyalrong_languages">Gyalrong languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No_audible_release&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gyalrong languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Gyalrongic_languages" title="Gyalrongic languages">Gyalrongic languages</a>, plosives and nasal stops could be unreleased after a <a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">glottal stop</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for example: </p> <ul><li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/pʰaroʔk/</span> > <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pʰaˈ̍rɔʔk̚]</span></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/təwaʔm/</span> > <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪əˈ̍waʔm̚]</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pirahã"><span id="Pirah.C3.A3"></span>Pirahã</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No_audible_release&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pirahã"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Pirah%C3%A3_language" title="Pirahã language">Pirahã</a>, the only surviving dialect of the <a href="/wiki/Mura_language" title="Mura language">Mura language</a>, there is a special register of speech using solely <a href="/wiki/Humming" title="Humming">humming</a>, which does not involve an audible release and may be transcribed as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[m̚]</span> of different length and tone.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2014353_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2014353-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No_audible_release&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Checked_tone" title="Checked tone">Checked tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glottalization#Glottal_reinforcement" title="Glottalization">Glottal reinforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_release_(phonetics)" title="Lateral release (phonetics)">Lateral release (phonetics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_release" title="Nasal release">Nasal release</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-glottalization" title="T-glottalization">T-glottalization</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No_audible_release&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The diacritic may not display properly with some fonts, appearing above the consonant rather than after it; in such cases, <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Phonetic symbols in Unicode">U+</a>02FA</span> </span><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌˺</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MODIFIER LETTER END HIGH TONE</span>, ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">p˺</span>⟩, may be used instead.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZsiga2003">Zsiga (2003</a>:404)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrowmanGoldstein1990">Browman & Goldstein (1990)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNolan1992">Nolan (1992)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Odden, David (2005). <i>Introduction to Phonology</i>. Page 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wells-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wells_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wells_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phonetic-blog.blogspot.com/2012/03/no-audible-release.html">'no (audible) release'</a>, <i>John Wells's phonetic blog</i>, 2012 March 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMatthewsYip1994" class="citation cs2">Matthews, Stephen; Yip, Virginia (1994), <i>Cantonese: A Comprehensive Grammar</i>, London: Routledge, pp. 15–6, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-08945-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-08945-X"><bdi>0-415-08945-X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cantonese%3A+A+Comprehensive+Grammar&rft.place=London&rft.pages=15-6&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-415-08945-X&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.au=Yip%2C+Virginia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo+audible+release" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNgo2008" class="citation cs2">Ngo, Chiau-shin (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tmn.idv.tw/chiaushin/Tai-BPM-s/Tai-PA-w-chn.pdf"><i>What is Taiwanese Language Phonetic Script?</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, p. 4</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+is+Taiwanese+Language+Phonetic+Script%3F&rft.pages=4&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Ngo&rft.aufirst=Chiau-shin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tmn.idv.tw%2Fchiaushin%2FTai-BPM-s%2FTai-PA-w-chn.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo+audible+release" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChooO'Grady2003">Choo & O'Grady (2003</a>:26)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClynesDeterding2011" class="citation journal cs1">Clynes, Adrian; Deterding, David (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS002510031100017X">"Standard Malay (Brunei)"</a>. <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>. <b>41</b> (2): 261. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS002510031100017X">10.1017/S002510031100017X</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1475-3502">1475-3502</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Standard+Malay+%28Brunei%29&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=261&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS002510031100017X&rft.issn=1475-3502&rft.aulast=Clynes&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft.au=Deterding%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS002510031100017X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo+audible+release" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmyth2003" class="citation cs2">Smyth, David (2003), <i>Teach yourself Thai</i>, London: Hodder & Stoughton, p. xii, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-340-86857-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-340-86857-0"><bdi>0-340-86857-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Teach+yourself+Thai&rft.place=London&rft.pages=xii&rft.pub=Hodder+%26+Stoughton&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-340-86857-0&rft.aulast=Smyth&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo+audible+release" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2007" class="citation thesis cs1">Miller, Mark T. (2007). <i>A Grammar of West Coast Bajau</i> (Ph.D. thesis). University of Texas at Arlington. pp. 31–32. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10106%2F577">10106/577</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=A+Grammar+of+West+Coast+Bajau&rft.degree=Ph.D.&rft.inst=University+of+Texas+at+Arlington&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10106%2F577&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Mark+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo+audible+release" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPA_Handbook-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IPA_Handbook_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Phonetic_Association1999" class="citation book cs1">International Phonetic Association (1999). <i>Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 173.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Use+of+the+International+Phonetic+Alphabet&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.au=International+Phonetic+Association&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo+audible+release" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Page 27, <i>A Grammar of RGyalrong, Jiǎomùzú (Kyom-kyo) Dialects: A Web of Relations</i> Marielle Prins 2016, 9789004324565</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2014353-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2014353_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO'Neill2014">O'Neill (2014)</a>, p. 353.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No_audible_release&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrowmanGoldstein1990" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Browman" title="Catherine Browman">Browman, Catherine P.</a>; Goldstein, Louis (1990), "Tiers in articulatory phonology, with some implications for casual speech", in Kingston, John C.; Beckman, Mary E. (eds.), <i>Papers in laboratory phonology I: Between the grammar and physics of speech</i>, New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 341–376</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tiers+in+articulatory+phonology%2C+with+some+implications+for+casual+speech&rft.btitle=Papers+in+laboratory+phonology+I%3A+Between+the+grammar+and+physics+of+speech&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=341-376&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Browman&rft.aufirst=Catherine+P.&rft.au=Goldstein%2C+Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo+audible+release" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChooO'Grady2003" class="citation cs2">Choo, Miho; O'Grady, William D. (2003), <i>The Sounds of Korean: A Pronunciation Guide</i>, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sounds+of+Korean%3A+A+Pronunciation+Guide&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Choo&rft.aufirst=Miho&rft.au=O%27Grady%2C+William+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo+audible+release" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNolan1992" class="citation cs2">Nolan, Francis (1992), "The descriptive role of segments: Evidence from assimilation.", in Docherty, Gerard J.; Ladd, D. Robert (eds.), <i>Papers in laboratory phonology II: Gesture, segment, prosody</i>, New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 261–280</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+descriptive+role+of+segments%3A+Evidence+from+assimilation.&rft.btitle=Papers+in+laboratory+phonology+II%3A+Gesture%2C+segment%2C+prosody&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=261-280&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Nolan&rft.aufirst=Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo+audible+release" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Neill2014" class="citation journal cs1">O'Neill, Gareth (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1075%2Fprag.24.2.08nei">"Humming, whistling, singing, and yelling in Pirahã context and channels of communication in FDG1"</a>. <i>Pragmatics</i>. <b>24</b> (2): 349–375. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1075%2Fprag.24.2.08nei">10.1075/prag.24.2.08nei</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pragmatics&rft.atitle=Humming%2C+whistling%2C+singing%2C+and+yelling+in+Pirah%C3%A3+context+and+channels+of+communication+in+FDG1&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=349-375&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1075%2Fprag.24.2.08nei&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=Gareth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1075%252Fprag.24.2.08nei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo+audible+release" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZsiga2003" class="citation cs2">Zsiga, Elizabeth (2003), "Articulatory Timing in a Second Language: Evidence from Russian and English", <i>Studies in Second Language Acquisition</i>, <b>25</b>: 399–432, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0272263103000160">10.1017/s0272263103000160</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:5998807">5998807</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+Second+Language+Acquisition&rft.atitle=Articulatory+Timing+in+a+Second+Language%3A+Evidence+from+Russian+and+English&rft.volume=25&rft.pages=399-432&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0272263103000160&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A5998807%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Zsiga&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo+audible+release" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No_audible_release&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phonetic-blog.blogspot.com/2009/11/unreleased.html">'Unreleased'</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells">John C. Wells</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phonetic-blog.blogspot.com/2012/03/no-audible-release.html">'No (audible) release'</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells">John C. Wells</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~krussll/phonetics/narrower/unreleased-stops.html">'Unreleased stops'</a> (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Manitoba" title="University of Manitoba">University of Manitoba</a>)</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=No_audible_release&oldid=1230674226">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=No_audible_release&oldid=1230674226</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Plosives" title="Category:Plosives">Plosives</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_July_2018" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from July 2018">Articles with dead external links from July 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_plain_IPA" title="Category:Pages with plain IPA">Pages with plain IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hAudio_microformats" title="Category:Articles with hAudio microformats">Articles with hAudio microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2013" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2013">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2013</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 June 2024, at 01:55<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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