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</button> <ul id="toc-Early_life_(909–943)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Birth_and_relatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birth_and_relatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Birth and relatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birth_and_relatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-School_to_the_king's_court" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#School_to_the_king's_court"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>School to the king's court</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-School_to_the_king's_court-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monk_and_abbot_(943–957)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monk_and_abbot_(943–957)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Monk and abbot (943–957)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Monk_and_abbot_(943–957)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Monk and abbot (943–957) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Monk_and_abbot_(943–957)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Life_as_a_monk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_as_a_monk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Life as a monk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_as_a_monk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abbot_of_Glastonbury" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abbot_of_Glastonbury"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Abbot of Glastonbury</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abbot_of_Glastonbury-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Changes_in_fortune" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Changes_in_fortune"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Changes in fortune</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Changes_in_fortune-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bishop_and_archbishop_(957–978)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bishop_and_archbishop_(957–978)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bishop and archbishop (957–978)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bishop_and_archbishop_(957–978)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bishop and archbishop (957–978) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bishop_and_archbishop_(957–978)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bishop_of_Worcester_and_of_London" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bishop_of_Worcester_and_of_London"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Bishop of Worcester and of London</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bishop_of_Worcester_and_of_London-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archbishop_of_Canterbury" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archbishop_of_Canterbury"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Archbishop of Canterbury</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archbishop_of_Canterbury-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_years_(978–88)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_years_(978–88)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Final years (978–88)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_years_(978–88)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Patronage_and_feast_day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patronage_and_feast_day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Patronage and feast day</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patronage_and_feast_day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_literature_and_folklore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_literature_and_folklore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>In literature and folklore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_literature_and_folklore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-An_East_London_saint" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#An_East_London_saint"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>An East London saint</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-An_East_London_saint-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.1</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.2</span> <span>Secondary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dunstan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%ABnst%C4%81n" title="Dūnstān – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Dūnstān" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Дунстан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дунстан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Данстан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Данстан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunstan" title="Dunstan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dunstan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunstan_z_Canterbury" title="Dunstan z Canterbury – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dunstan z Canterbury" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunstan_von_Canterbury" title="Dunstan von Canterbury – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dunstan von Canterbury" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunst%C3%A1n" title="Dunstán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dunstán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunstano" title="Dunstano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dunstano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunstan" title="Dunstan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dunstan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunstan_de_Cantorb%C3%A9ry" title="Dunstan de Cantorbéry – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dunstan de Cantorbéry" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%91%94%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EB%88%84%EC%8A%A4" title="둔스타누스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="둔스타누스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunstan" title="Dunstan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dunstan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunstano_di_Canterbury" title="Dunstano di Canterbury – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dunstano di Canterbury" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A9" title="דאנסטן הקדוש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דאנסטן הקדוש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunstan" title="Dunstan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Dunstan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunstan_wa_Canterbury" title="Dunstan wa Canterbury – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dunstan wa Canterbury" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szent_Dunstan" title="Szent Dunstan – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szent Dunstan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BB" title="ഡൺസ്റ്റൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡൺസ്റ്റൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دونستان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دونستان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunstan" title="Dunstan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dunstan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3" title="ドゥンスタン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドゥンスタン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunstan_av_Canterbury" title="Dunstan av Canterbury – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dunstan av Canterbury" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Dunstan" title="Saint Dunstan – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Saint Dunstan" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunstan_z_Canterbury" title="Dunstan z Canterbury – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dunstan z Canterbury" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunstano" title="Dunstano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dunstano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9)" title="Дунстан (архиепископ Кентерберийский) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дунстан (архиепископ Кентерберийский)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Dunstan" title="Saint Dunstan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Saint Dunstan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunstan" title="Dunstan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dunstan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunstan" title="Dunstan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dunstan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunstan_av_Canterbury" 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Archbishop of Canterbury from 959 to 988, Christian saint</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Dunstan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Dunstan (disambiguation)">Dunstan (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;color: #202122; background-color: #DFB0DF;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline;"><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline" class="fn">Dunstan</div><br /><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline;"><a href="/wiki/Benedictines" title="Benedictines">OSB</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader role"><a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunstan3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Dunstan3.jpg" decoding="async" width="211" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="211" data-file-height="170" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Possible <a href="/wiki/Self-portrait" title="Self-portrait">self-portrait</a>; detail from the <i>Glastonbury Classbook</i></div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Installed</th><td class="infobox-data">959</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Term ended</th><td class="infobox-data">988</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Byrhthelm_(bishop_of_Wells)" title="Byrhthelm (bishop of Wells)">Byrhthelm</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelgar" title="Æthelgar">Æthelgar</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 909</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Baltonsborough" title="Baltonsborough">Baltonsborough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">19 May 988 (aged about 79)<br /><a href="/wiki/Canterbury" title="Canterbury">Canterbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Buried</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral" title="Canterbury Cathedral">Canterbury Cathedral</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Sainthood</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Feast day</th><td class="infobox-data">19 May</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a><sup id="cite_ref-synaxarion.gr_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-synaxarion.gr-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Canonized</th><td class="infobox-data">1029</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Attributes</th><td class="infobox-data">Man holding a pair of smith's tongs; with a dove hovering near him; with a troop of angels before him</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Patronage</th><td class="infobox-data">Blacksmiths; goldsmiths; locksmiths; musicians; silversmiths; bellringers; Charlottetown, Canada; <a href="/wiki/Stepney" title="Stepney">Stepney</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Shrines</th><td class="infobox-data">Canterbury Cathedral (but also claimed by <a href="/wiki/Glastonbury_Abbey" title="Glastonbury Abbey">Glastonbury Abbey</a>), both <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" title="Dissolution of the monasteries">destroyed</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Dunstan</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 909</span> – 19 May 988),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELapidge2004_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELapidge2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an English bishop and <a href="/wiki/Benedictine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine">Benedictine</a> <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monk</a>. He was successively <a href="/wiki/Abbot_of_Glastonbury" title="Abbot of Glastonbury">Abbot of Glastonbury Abbey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Worcester" title="Bishop of Worcester">Bishop of Worcester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_London" title="Bishop of London">Bishop of London</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Canonised" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonised">canonised</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His work restored monastic life in England and reformed the English Church. His 11th-century biographer <a href="/wiki/Osbern_of_Canterbury" title="Osbern of Canterbury">Osbern</a>, himself an artist and scribe, states that Dunstan was skilled in "making a picture and forming letters", as were other clergy of his age who reached senior rank.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander19929_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander19929-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dunstan served as an important minister of state to several English kings. He was the most popular saint in England for nearly two centuries, having gained fame for the many stories of his greatness, not least among which were those concerning his famed cunning in defeating the <a href="/wiki/Devil_in_Christianity" title="Devil in Christianity">Devil</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_(909–943)"><span id="Early_life_.28909.E2.80.93943.29"></span>Early life (909–943)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunstan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life (909–943)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth_and_relatives">Birth and relatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunstan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Birth and relatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Dunstan's earliest biographer, known only as 'B',<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his parents were called Heorstan and Cynethryth and they lived near <a href="/wiki/Glastonbury" title="Glastonbury">Glastonbury</a>. B states that Dunstan was "<i>oritur</i>" in the days of King <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelstan" title="Æthelstan">Æthelstan</a>, 924 to 939. "<i>Oritur</i>" has often been taken to mean "born", but this is unlikely as another source states that he was ordained during Æthelstan's reign, and he would have been under the minimum age of 30 if he was born no earlier than 924. It is more likely that "<i>oritur</i>" should be taken as "emerged" and that he was born around 910. B states that he was related to <a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfheah_the_Bald" title="Ælfheah the Bald">Ælfheah the Bald</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Winchester" title="Bishop of Winchester">Bishop of Winchester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cynesige_of_Lichfield" title="Cynesige of Lichfield">Cynesige</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Lichfield" title="Bishop of Lichfield">Bishop of Lichfield</a>. According to a later biographer, <a href="/wiki/Adelard_of_Ghent" title="Adelard of Ghent">Adelard of Ghent</a>, he was a nephew of <a href="/wiki/Athelm" title="Athelm">Athelm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>, but this is less certain as it is not mentioned by B, who should have known as he had been a member of Dunstan's household.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELapidge2004_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELapidge2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="School_to_the_king's_court"><span id="School_to_the_king.27s_court"></span>School to the king's court</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunstan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: School to the king's court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a young boy, Dunstan studied under the <a href="/wiki/Hiberno-Scottish_mission" title="Hiberno-Scottish mission">Irish monks</a> who then occupied the ruins of <a href="/wiki/Glastonbury_Abbey" title="Glastonbury Abbey">Glastonbury Abbey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-co_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-co-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accounts tell of his youthful optimism and of his vision of the abbey being restored. While still a boy, Dunstan was stricken with a near-fatal illness and effected a seemingly miraculous recovery. Even as a child, he was noted for his devotion to learning and for his mastery of many kinds of artistic craftsmanship. With his parents' consent he was <a href="/wiki/Tonsure" title="Tonsure">tonsured</a>, received <a href="/wiki/Minor_orders" title="Minor orders">minor orders</a> and served in the ancient church of St Mary. He became so well known for his devotion to learning that he is said to have been summoned by Athelm to enter his service.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was later appointed to the court of King Æthelstan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunstan2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Dunstan2.jpg/220px-Dunstan2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Dunstan2.jpg/330px-Dunstan2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Dunstan2.jpg/440px-Dunstan2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="584" /></a><figcaption>Dunstan playing his harp as the Devil is paying a visit</figcaption></figure> <p>Dunstan soon became a <a href="/wiki/Favourite" title="Favourite">favourite</a> of the king and was the envy of other members of the court. A plot was hatched to disgrace him and Dunstan was accused of being involved with <a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">witchcraft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_magic" title="Black magic">black magic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The king ordered him to leave the court and as Dunstan was leaving the palace his enemies physically attacked him, beat him severely, bound him, and threw him into a <a href="/wiki/Cesspit" title="Cesspit">cesspool</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cw_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cw-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He managed to crawl out and make his way to the house of a friend. From there, he journeyed to Winchester and entered the service of his kinsman <a href="/wiki/Alphege_the_Bald" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphege the Bald">Ælfheah</a>, Bishop of Winchester.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The bishop tried to persuade him to become a <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monk</a>, but Dunstan was doubtful whether he had a vocation to a <a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy" title="Clerical celibacy">celibate</a> life. The answer came in the form of an attack of swelling tumours all over Dunstan's body. This ailment was so severe that it was thought to be <a href="/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy">leprosy</a>. It was more probably some form of <a href="/wiki/Bacteremia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacteremia">blood poisoning</a> caused by being beaten and thrown in the cesspool.<sup id="cite_ref-cw_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cw-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whatever the cause, it changed Dunstan's mind. He took <a href="/wiki/Holy_Orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Orders">Holy Orders</a> in 943, in the presence of Ælfheah, and returned to live the life of a hermit at Glastonbury.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Against the old church of St Mary he built a small cell 5 feet (1.5 m) long and <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> feet (0.76 m) deep. It was there that Dunstan studied, worked at his art, and played on his harp. It is at this time, according to a late 11th-century legend, that the <a href="/wiki/Devil_in_Christianity" title="Devil in Christianity">Devil</a> is said to have tempted Dunstan and to have been held by the face with Dunstan's tongs.<sup id="cite_ref-cw_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cw-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monk_and_abbot_(943–957)"><span id="Monk_and_abbot_.28943.E2.80.93957.29"></span>Monk and abbot (943–957)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunstan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Monk and abbot (943–957)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life_as_a_monk">Life as a monk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunstan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Life as a monk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DunstanLarge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/DunstanLarge.jpg/220px-DunstanLarge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/DunstanLarge.jpg/330px-DunstanLarge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/DunstanLarge.jpg/440px-DunstanLarge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="636" /></a><figcaption>Possibly Dunstan praying before Christ</figcaption></figure> <p>Dunstan worked as a <a href="/wiki/Silversmith" title="Silversmith">silversmith</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Scriptorium" title="Scriptorium">scriptorium</a> while he was living at Glastonbury. It is thought likely that he was the artist who drew the well-known image of Christ with a small kneeling monk beside him in the <i>Glastonbury Classbook</i>, "one of the first of a series of outline drawings which were to become a special feature of <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_art" title="Anglo-Saxon art">Anglo-Saxon art</a> of this period."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander19929_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander19929-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dunstan became famous as a musician, <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">illuminator</a>, and metalworker.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lady Æthelflæd, King Æthelstan's niece, made Dunstan a trusted adviser and on her death, she left a considerable fortune to him. He used this money later in life to foster and encourage a monastic revival in England.<sup id="cite_ref-Brain_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brain-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About the same time, his father Heorstan died and Dunstan inherited his fortune as well. He became a person of great influence, and on the death of King Æthelstan in 940, the new King, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund I of England">Edmund</a>, summoned him to his court at <a href="/wiki/Cheddar,_Somerset" title="Cheddar, Somerset">Cheddar</a> and made him a minister.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Again, royal favour fostered jealousy among other courtiers and again Dunstan's enemies succeeded in their plots. The King was prepared to send Dunstan away.<sup id="cite_ref-Brain_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brain-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were then at Cheddar certain envoys from the "Eastern Kingdom", which probably meant <a href="/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia">East Anglia</a>. Dunstan implored the envoys to take him with them when they returned to their homes. They agreed to do so, but it never happened. The story is recorded: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>... the king rode out to hunt the <a href="/wiki/Stag" class="mw-redirect" title="Stag">stag</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mendip_Hills" title="Mendip Hills">Mendip Forest</a>. He became separated from his attendants and followed a stag at great speed in the direction of the Cheddar cliffs. The stag rushed blindly over the precipice and was followed by the hounds. Eadmund endeavoured vainly to stop his horse; then, seeing death to be imminent, he remembered his harsh treatment of St Dunstan and promised to make amends if his life was spared. At that moment his horse was stopped on the very edge of the cliff. Giving thanks to God, he returned forthwith to his palace, called for St. Dunstan and bade him follow, then rode straight to Glastonbury. Entering the church, the king first knelt in prayer before the altar, then, taking St. Dunstan by the hand, he gave him the kiss of peace, led him to the <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a>'s throne and, seating him thereon, promised him all assistance in restoring Divine worship and regular observance.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="#CITEREFToke1909">Toke 1909</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abbot_of_Glastonbury">Abbot of Glastonbury</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunstan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Abbot of Glastonbury"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dunstan, now Abbot of Glastonbury, went to work at once on the task of reform.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had to re-create monastic life and to rebuild the abbey. He began by establishing <a href="/wiki/Benedictine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine">Benedictine</a> monasticism at Glastonbury.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Rule of St. Benedict was the basis of his restoration according to the author of 'Edgar's Establishment of the Monasteries' (written in the 960s or 970s) and according to Dunstan's first biographer, who had been a member of the community at Glastonbury.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitelock1979920_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitelock1979920-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their statements are also in accordance with the nature of his first measures as abbot, with the significance of his first buildings, and with the Benedictine leanings of his most prominent disciples.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToke1909_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToke1909-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nevertheless, not all the members of Dunstan's community at Glastonbury were monks who followed the <a href="/wiki/Benedictine_Rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine Rule">Benedictine Rule</a>. In fact, Dunstan's first biographer, 'B.', was a cleric who eventually joined a community of <a href="/wiki/Canon_(priest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon (priest)">canons</a> at <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a> after leaving Glastonbury.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinterbottomLapidge2011lxix_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinterbottomLapidge2011lxix-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glastonburyabbey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Glastonburyabbey.jpg/220px-Glastonburyabbey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Glastonburyabbey.jpg/330px-Glastonburyabbey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Glastonburyabbey.jpg/440px-Glastonburyabbey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="399" /></a><figcaption>Remains of the <a href="/wiki/Choir_(architecture)" title="Choir (architecture)">choir</a> of Glastonbury Abbey church</figcaption></figure> <p>Dunstan's first care was to rebuild the Church of St. Peter, rebuild the cloister, and re-establish the monastic enclosure.<sup id="cite_ref-Brain_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brain-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The secular affairs of the house were committed to his brother, Wulfric, "so that neither himself nor any of the professed monks might break enclosure."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToke1909_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToke1909-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A school for the local youth was founded and soon became the most famous of its time in England.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A substantial extension of the irrigation system on the surrounding <a href="/wiki/Somerset_Levels" title="Somerset Levels">Somerset Levels</a> was also completed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams197050_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams197050-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within two years of Dunstan's appointment, in 946, King Edmund was assassinated. His successor was <a href="/wiki/Eadred_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Eadred of England">Eadred</a>. The policy of the new government was supported by the <a href="/wiki/Queen_mother" title="Queen mother">Queen mother</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eadgifu_of_Kent" title="Eadgifu of Kent">Eadgifu of Kent</a>, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, <a href="/wiki/Oda_the_Severe" class="mw-redirect" title="Oda the Severe">Oda</a>, and by the East Anglian nobles, at whose head was the powerful <a href="/wiki/Ealdorman" title="Ealdorman">ealdorman</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelstan_Half-King" title="Æthelstan Half-King">Æthelstan the "Half-king"</a>. It was a policy of unification and conciliation with the Danish half of the kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-co_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-co-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The goal was a firm establishment of royal authority. In ecclesiastical matters it favoured the spread of <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholic</a> observance, the rebuilding of churches, the moral reform of the clergy and laity, and the end of the <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">religion of the Danes</a> in England.<sup id="cite_ref-cw_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cw-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These policies made Dunstan popular in the North of England, but unpopular in the South.<sup id="cite_ref-Kiefer_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiefer-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Against all these reforms were the nobles of Wessex, who included most of Dunstan's own relatives, and who had an interest in maintaining established customs. For nine years Dunstan's influence was dominant, during which time he twice refused the office of bishop (that of Winchester in 951 and <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Exeter" title="Bishop of Exeter">Crediton</a> in 953), affirming that he would not leave the king's side so long as the king lived and needed him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Changes_in_fortune">Changes in fortune</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunstan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Changes in fortune"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eadwig_-_MS_Royal_14_B_VI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Eadwig_-_MS_Royal_14_B_VI.jpg/280px-Eadwig_-_MS_Royal_14_B_VI.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Eadwig_-_MS_Royal_14_B_VI.jpg/420px-Eadwig_-_MS_Royal_14_B_VI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Eadwig_-_MS_Royal_14_B_VI.jpg/560px-Eadwig_-_MS_Royal_14_B_VI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="601" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eadwig" title="Eadwig">King Eadwig</a>'s reign was marred by conflicts with his family and with Dunstan.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 955, Eadred died, and the situation was at once changed. <a href="/wiki/Eadwig" title="Eadwig">Eadwig</a>, the elder son of Edmund, who then came to the throne, was a headstrong youth wholly devoted to the reactionary nobles. According to one legend, the feud with Dunstan began on the day of Eadwig's coronation, when he failed to attend a meeting of nobles. When Dunstan eventually found the young monarch, he was cavorting with a noblewoman named Ælfgifu and her mother, and refused to return with the bishop. Infuriated by this, Dunstan dragged Eadwig back to the royal gathering.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinterbottomLapidge201169_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinterbottomLapidge201169-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later realising that he had provoked the king, Dunstan saw that his life was in danger. He fled England and crossed the channel to Flanders, where he found himself ignorant of the language and of the customs of the locals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Flanders" class="mw-redirect" title="Counts of Flanders">count of Flanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arnulf_I,_Count_of_Flanders" title="Arnulf I, Count of Flanders">Arnulf I</a>, received him with honour and lodged him in the Abbey of <a href="/wiki/Blandijnberg" title="Blandijnberg">Mont Blandin</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a>. This was one of the centres of the Benedictine revival in that country, and Dunstan was able for the first time to observe the strict observance that had seen its rebirth at <a href="/wiki/Cluny_Abbey" title="Cluny Abbey">Cluny</a> at the beginning of the century. His exile was not of long duration. Before the end of 957, the <a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbrians</a> revolted and drove out Eadwig, choosing his brother <a href="/wiki/Edgar_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar of England">Edgar</a> as king of the country north of the Thames.<sup id="cite_ref-co_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-co-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The south remained faithful to Eadwig. At once Edgar's advisers recalled Dunstan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bishop_and_archbishop_(957–978)"><span id="Bishop_and_archbishop_.28957.E2.80.93978.29"></span>Bishop and archbishop (957–978)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunstan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bishop and archbishop (957–978)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bishop_of_Worcester_and_of_London">Bishop of Worcester and of London</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunstan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bishop of Worcester and of London"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On Dunstan's return, Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Oda_the_Severe" class="mw-redirect" title="Oda the Severe">Oda</a> consecrated him a bishop and, on the death of <a href="/wiki/Coenwald" class="mw-redirect" title="Coenwald">Coenwald</a> of <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_Worcester" title="Anglican Diocese of Worcester">Worcester</a> at the end of 957, Oda appointed Dunstan to the see.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrydePowicke1961260_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrydePowicke1961260-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the following year the see of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_London" title="Diocese of London">London</a> became vacant and was conferred on Dunstan, who held it simultaneously with Worcester.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrydePowicke1961260_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrydePowicke1961260-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 959, Eadwig died and his brother Edgar was readily accepted as ruler of Wessex. One of Eadwig's final acts had been to appoint a successor to Archbishop Oda, who died on 2 June 958. The chosen candidate was <a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfsige" title="Ælfsige">Ælfsige</a> of Winchester, but he died of cold in the Alps as he journeyed to <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Rome</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Pallium" title="Pallium">pallium</a>. In his place Eadwig then nominated one of his supporters, the Bishop of Wells, <a href="/wiki/Byrhthelm_(bishop_of_Wells)" title="Byrhthelm (bishop of Wells)">Byrhthelm</a>. As soon as <a href="/wiki/Edgar_the_Peaceful" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar the Peaceful">Edgar</a> became king, he reversed this second choice on the ground that Byrhthelm had not been able to govern even his first diocese properly.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The archbishopric was then conferred on Dunstan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archbishop_of_Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunstan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Archbishop of Canterbury"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MS._Hatton_30_Expositio_Augustini_in_Apocalypsin_73v.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/MS._Hatton_30_Expositio_Augustini_in_Apocalypsin_73v.jpg/220px-MS._Hatton_30_Expositio_Augustini_in_Apocalypsin_73v.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/MS._Hatton_30_Expositio_Augustini_in_Apocalypsin_73v.jpg/330px-MS._Hatton_30_Expositio_Augustini_in_Apocalypsin_73v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/MS._Hatton_30_Expositio_Augustini_in_Apocalypsin_73v.jpg/440px-MS._Hatton_30_Expositio_Augustini_in_Apocalypsin_73v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="722" /></a><figcaption>Theological manuscript from Glastonbury Abbey (<a href="/wiki/Bodleian_Library" title="Bodleian Library">Bodleian Library</a>):<i>Abbot Dunstan ordered the writing of this book</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dunstan went to Rome in 960, and received the pallium from <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XII" title="Pope John XII">Pope John XII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On his journey there, Dunstan's acts of charity were so lavish as to leave nothing for himself and his attendants. His steward complained, but Dunstan seems to have suggested that they trust in <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Jesus Christ</a>. </p><p>On his return from Rome, Dunstan at once regained his position as virtual prime minister of the kingdom. By his advice <a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfstan_(bishop_of_London)" title="Ælfstan (bishop of London)">Ælfstan</a> was appointed to the Bishopric of London, and <a href="/wiki/Oswald_of_Worcester" title="Oswald of Worcester">Oswald</a> to that of Worcester. In 963, <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwold_of_Winchester" title="Æthelwold of Winchester">Æthelwold</a>, the Abbot of <a href="/wiki/Abingdon_Abbey" title="Abingdon Abbey">Abingdon</a>, was appointed to the See of Winchester. With their aid and with the ready support of King Edgar, Dunstan pushed forward his reforms in the English Church.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monks in his communities were taught to live in a spirit of self-sacrifice, and Dunstan actively enforced the law of celibacy whenever possible.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHollister196661_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHollister196661-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He forbade the practices of <a href="/wiki/Simony" title="Simony">simony</a> (selling ecclesiastical offices for money) and ended the custom of <a href="/wiki/Cleric" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleric">clerics</a> appointing relatives to offices under their jurisdiction. Monasteries were built, and in some of the great cathedrals, monks took the place of the secular canons; in the rest the canons were obliged to live according to rule. The parish priests were compelled to be qualified for their office; they were urged to teach parishioners not only the truths of the Christian faith, but also trades to improve their position.<sup id="cite_ref-cw_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cw-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state saw reforms as well.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Good order was maintained throughout the realm and there was respect for the law. Trained bands policed the north, and a navy guarded the shores from Viking raids.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 973, Dunstan's statesmanship reached its zenith when he officiated at the coronation of King Edgar. Edgar was crowned at Bath in an imperial ceremony planned not as the initiation, but as the culmination of his reign (a move that must have taken a great deal of preliminary diplomacy).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChurchill1966134_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill1966134-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This service, devised by Dunstan himself and celebrated with a poem in the <i><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle" title="Anglo-Saxon Chronicle">Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</a></i> forms the basis of the present-day <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_British_monarch" title="Coronation of the British monarch">British coronation ceremony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChurchill1966134_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill1966134-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was a second symbolic coronation held later. This was an important step, as other kings of Britain came and gave their allegiance to Edgar at <a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchama201165_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchama201165-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Six kings in Britain, including the kings of Scotland and of <a href="/wiki/Strathclyde" title="Strathclyde">Strathclyde</a>, pledged their faith that they would be the king's liege-men on sea and land. </p><p>Edgar ruled as a strong and popular king for 16 years. Edgar's reign, and implicitly his governing partnership with Dunstan, was praised by early chroniclers and historians who regarded it as a golden age. The <i>Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</i> caveated the acclaim with one complaint, criticising the high level of immigration that took place at that time. It would appear from <a href="/wiki/William_of_Malmesbury" title="William of Malmesbury">William of Malmesbury</a>'s later history that the objection was limited to the mercenary seaman, employed from around the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> littoral, to assist in the defence of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 975, Edgar was succeeded by his eldest son <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Martyr" title="Edward the Martyr">Edward "the Martyr"</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His accession was disputed by his stepmother, <a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfthryth,_Queen_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Ælfthryth, Queen of England">Ælfthryth</a>, who wished her own son <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred_the_Unready" title="Æthelred the Unready">Æthelred</a> to reign. Through the influence of Dunstan, Edward was chosen and crowned at Winchester.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Edgar's death had encouraged the reactionary nobles, and at once there was a determined attack upon the monks, the protagonists of reform. Throughout Mercia they were persecuted and deprived of their possessions. Their cause, however, was supported by <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelstan_Half-King#Family" title="Æthelstan Half-King">Æthelwine</a>, the ealdorman of East Anglia, and the realm was in serious danger of civil war. Three meetings of the <a href="/wiki/Witenagemot" class="mw-redirect" title="Witenagemot">Witan</a> were held to settle these disputes, at <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Kyrtlington</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Calne" title="Calne">Calne</a>, and at <a href="/wiki/Amesbury" title="Amesbury">Amesbury</a>. At the second of them the floor of the hall where the Witan was sitting gave way, and all except Dunstan, who clung to a beam, fell into the room below; several men were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Final_years_(978–88)"><span id="Final_years_.28978.E2.80.9388.29"></span>Final years (978–88)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunstan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Final years (978–88)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 978, King Edward was assassinated at <a href="/wiki/Corfe_Castle" title="Corfe Castle">Corfe Castle</a>, possibly at the instigation of his stepmother, and Æthelred the Unready became king. The coronation took place on <a href="/wiki/Low_Sunday" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Sunday">Low Sunday</a> 31 March 978. According to <a href="/wiki/William_of_Malmesbury" title="William of Malmesbury">William of Malmsesbury</a>, writing over a century later, when the young king took the usual oath to govern well, Dunstan addressed him in solemn warning. He criticised the violent act whereby he became king and prophesied the misfortunes that were shortly to fall on the kingdom,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChurchill1966139_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill1966139-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Dunstan's influence at court was ended.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514_10-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dunstan retired to Canterbury, to teach at the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_school" title="Cathedral school">cathedral school</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Only three more public acts are known. In 980, Dunstan joined <a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfhere,_Ealdorman_of_Mercia" title="Ælfhere, Ealdorman of Mercia">Ælfhere of Mercia</a> in the solemn <a href="/wiki/Translation_(relic)" title="Translation (relic)">translation of the relics</a> of King Edward, soon to be regarded as a saint, from their grave at <a href="/wiki/Wareham,_Dorset" title="Wareham, Dorset">Wareham</a> to a shrine at <a href="/wiki/Shaftesbury_Abbey" title="Shaftesbury Abbey">Shaftesbury Abbey</a>. In 984, he persuaded King Æthelred to appoint <a href="/wiki/Alphege" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphege">Ælfheah</a> as Bishop of Winchester in succession to Æthelwold.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 986, Dunstan induced the king, by a donation of 100 pounds of silver, to stop his persecution of the See of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rochester" title="Diocese of Rochester">Rochester</a>. </p><p>Dunstan's retirement at Canterbury consisted of long hours, both day and night, spent in private prayer, as well as his regular attendance at Mass and the <a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours" title="Canonical hours">daily office</a>. He visited the shrines of <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">St Augustine</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelberht_of_Kent" title="Æthelberht of Kent">St Æthelberht</a>. He worked to improve the spiritual and temporal well-being of his people, to build and restore churches, to establish schools, to judge suits, to defend widows and orphans, to promote peace, and to enforce respect for purity.<sup id="cite_ref-co_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-co-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He practised his crafts, made bells and organs and corrected the books in the cathedral library. He encouraged and protected European scholars who came to England, and was active as a teacher of boys in the cathedral school. On <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascension of Jesus Christ">Ascension</a> Day 988, Dunstan said Mass and preached three times to the people: at the <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)#Liturgy_of_the_Word" title="Mass (liturgy)">Gospel</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Benediction#Christianity" title="Benediction">benediction</a>, and after the <a href="/wiki/Agnus_Dei" title="Agnus Dei">Agnus Dei</a>. In this last address, he announced his impending death and wished his congregation well.<sup id="cite_ref-msc_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msc-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kiefer_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiefer-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That afternoon he chose the spot for his tomb, then went to his bed. His strength failed rapidly, and on Saturday morning, 19 May, he caused the clergy to assemble. Mass was celebrated in his presence, then he received <a href="/wiki/Extreme_Unction" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme Unction">Extreme Unction</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Viaticum" title="Viaticum">Viaticum</a>, and died. Dunstan's final words are reported to have been, "He hath made a remembrance of his wonderful works, being a merciful and gracious Lord: He hath given food to them that fear Him."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToke1909_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToke1909-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The English people accepted him as a <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saint</a> shortly thereafter. He was formally <a href="/wiki/Canonised" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonised">canonised</a> in 1029. That year at the Synod of Winchester, St Dunstan's feast was ordered to be kept solemnly throughout England.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToke1909_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToke1909-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunstan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a>'s fame overshadowed Dunstan's, he was the favourite saint of the English people. Dunstan had been buried in his <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral" title="Canterbury Cathedral">cathedral</a>. In 1180 his relics were translated to a tomb on the south side of the high altar, when that building was restored after being partially destroyed by a fire in 1174.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The monks of Glastonbury used to claim that during the sack of Canterbury by the <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Danes</a> in 1012, Dunstan's body had been carried for safety to their abbey. This story was disproved by Archbishop <a href="/wiki/William_Warham" title="William Warham">William Warham</a>, who opened the tomb at Canterbury in 1508. They found Dunstan's relics still to be there. However, his shrine was destroyed during the <a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">English Reformation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patronage_and_feast_day">Patronage and feast day</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunstan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Patronage and feast day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dunstan became <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of English <a href="/wiki/Goldsmith" title="Goldsmith">goldsmiths</a> and silversmiths because he worked as a silversmith making church plate. The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> mark his <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">feast day</a> on 19 May.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dunstan is also honoured in the <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Church_of_England)" title="Calendar of saints (Church of England)">Church of England</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Episcopal_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)">Episcopal Church</a> on 19 May.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, a <a href="/wiki/Deanery" title="Deanery">pastoral area</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Clifton" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Clifton">Roman Catholic Diocese of Clifton</a> was named in honour of Dunstan.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_literature_and_folklore">In literature and folklore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunstan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: In literature and folklore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/English_literature" title="English literature">English literature</a> contains many references to him: for example, in <i><a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol" title="A Christmas Carol">A Christmas Carol</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in this folk rhyme: </p> <div class="poem"> <p>St Dunstan, as the story goes,<br /> Once pull'd the devil by the nose<br /> With red-hot tongs, which made him roar,<br /> That he was heard three miles or more.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHone1825670_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHone1825670-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div> <p>This <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folk</a> story is already shown in an <a href="/wiki/Initial" title="Initial">initial</a> in the <i>Life of Dunstan</i> in the Canterbury <i>Passionale</i>, from the second quarter of the 12th century (<a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>, Harley MS 315, f. 15v.).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunning2016_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunning2016-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunstan_and_the_Devil_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13978.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Dunstan_and_the_Devil_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13978.png/260px-Dunstan_and_the_Devil_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13978.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Dunstan_and_the_Devil_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13978.png/390px-Dunstan_and_the_Devil_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13978.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Dunstan_and_the_Devil_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13978.png/520px-Dunstan_and_the_Devil_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13978.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="791" /></a><figcaption>Dunstan shoeing the Devil's hoof, as illustrated by <a href="/wiki/George_Cruikshank" title="George Cruikshank">George Cruikshank</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Daniel Anlezark has tentatively suggested that Dunstan may be the medieval author of the poem <i><a href="/wiki/Solomon_and_Saturn" title="Solomon and Saturn">Solomon and Saturn</a></i>, citing the style, word choice, and <a href="/wiki/Hiberno-Latin" title="Hiberno-Latin">Hiberno-Latin</a> used in the texts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnlezark2009_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnlezark2009-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Clive Tolley examines this claim from a linguistic point-of-view and disagrees with Anlezark's claim.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETolley2010166–168_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETolley2010166–168-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another story relates how Dunstan nailed a <a href="/wiki/Horseshoe" title="Horseshoe">horseshoe</a> to the Devil's foot when he was asked to re-shoe the Devil's cloven hoof. This caused the Devil great pain, and Dunstan only agreed to remove the shoe and release the Devil after he promised never to enter a place where a horseshoe is over the door. This is claimed as the origin of the lucky horseshoe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELawrence189991_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELawrence189991-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A further legend relating to Dunstan and the Devil seeks to explain the phenomena of Franklin nights, late frosts which occur around his Feast Day. The story goes that Dunstan was a great <a href="/wiki/Brewing" title="Brewing">brewer</a> and negotiated an agreement whereby the Devil could blast the blossom of local apple trees with frost, damaging the <a href="/wiki/Cider_apple" title="Cider apple">cider</a> crop so that Dunstan's own beer would sell more readily.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="An_East_London_saint">An East London saint</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunstan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: An East London saint"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As Bishop of London, Dunstan was also Lord of the <a href="/wiki/Stepney#Manor_and_Ancient_Parish" title="Stepney">Manor of Stepney</a>, and may, like subsequent bishops, have lived there. Dunstan is recorded as having founded (or rebuilt<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) <a href="/wiki/St_Dunstan%27s,_Stepney" title="St Dunstan's, Stepney">Stepney's church</a>, in 952 AD. This church was dedicated to All Saints, but was rededicated to Dunstan after his <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonisation</a> in 1029, making Dunstan the patron saint of Stepney.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunstan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunstan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Dunstanus</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A charter of 955 is only attested by three clerical witnesses below the status of bishop, Dunstan and two deacons, Byrhthelm and Æthelferth, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lapidge" title="Michael Lapidge">Michael Lapidge</a> suggests that the deacons were Dunstan's personal secretaries and Byrhthelm may have been 'B'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELapidge1993285–286,_[httpsesawyerlibcamacukcharter582html_S_582]_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELapidge1993285–286,_[httpsesawyerlibcamacukcharter582html_S_582]-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Foggier yet, and colder! Piercing, searching, biting cold. If the good Saint Dunstan had but nipped the Evil Spirit's nose with a touch of such weather as that, instead of using his familiar weapons, then, indeed, he would have roared to lusty purpose".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDickens189324_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDickens189324-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunstan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-synaxarion.gr-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-synaxarion.gr_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Greek)</span> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/3266/sxsaintinfo.aspx">Ὁ Ἅγιος Δουνστάνος Ἀρχιεπίσκοπος Καντουαρίας</a>.</i> 19 Μαΐου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELapidge2004-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELapidge2004_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELapidge2004_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLapidge2004">Lapidge 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunsonBunsonBunson1998_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBunsonBunsonBunson1998">Bunson, Bunson & Bunson 1998</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander19929-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander19929_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander19929_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlexander1992">Alexander 1992</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELapidge1993285–286,_[httpsesawyerlibcamacukcharter582html_S_582]-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELapidge1993285–286,_[httpsesawyerlibcamacukcharter582html_S_582]_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLapidge1993">Lapidge 1993</a>, pp. 285–286, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esawyer.lib.cam.ac.uk/charter/582.html#">S 582</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-co-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-co_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-co_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-co_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-co_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=438">"St Dunstan"</a>. Catholic Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St+Dunstan&rft.pub=Catholic+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic.org%2Fsaints%2Fsaint.php%3Fsaint_id%3D438&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Dunstan-of-Canterbury">Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Saint Dunstan of Canterbury". <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>, 28 Feb. 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514_10-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514_10-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514_10-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone1997514_10-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrossLivingstone1997">Cross & Livingstone 1997</a>, p. 514.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cw-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cw_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cw_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cw_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cw_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cw_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170608074750/http://www.st-dunstans.org/history/biography09.htm">"St Dunstan"</a>. <i>Catholic Community – Woking</i>. st-dunstans.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.st-dunstans.org/history/biography09.htm">the original</a> on 8 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+Community+%E2%80%93+Woking&rft.atitle=St+Dunstan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.st-dunstans.org%2Fhistory%2Fbiography09.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brain-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brain_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brain_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brain_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofEngland/Saint-St-Dunstan/">Brain, Jessica. "Saint Dunstan", Historic UK, May 25, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitelock1979920-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitelock1979920_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhitelock1979">Whitelock 1979</a>, p. 920.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEToke1909-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToke1909_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToke1909_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToke1909_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToke1909_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFToke1909">Toke 1909</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinterbottomLapidge2011lxix-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinterbottomLapidge2011lxix_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWinterbottomLapidge2011">Winterbottom & Lapidge 2011</a>, p. lxix.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams197050-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams197050_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams1970">Williams 1970</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kiefer-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kiefer_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kiefer_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bio/160.html">Kiefer, James E. "Dunstan of Canterbury", Biographical sketches of memorable Christians of the past</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinterbottomLapidge201169-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinterbottomLapidge201169_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWinterbottomLapidge2011">Winterbottom & Lapidge 2011</a>, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrydePowicke1961260-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrydePowicke1961260_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrydePowicke1961260_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrydePowicke1961">Fryde & Powicke 1961</a>, p. 260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStenton,_F._M.1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Stenton" title="Frank Stenton">Stenton, F. M.</a> (1971). <i>Anglo-Saxon England</i> (Third ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 367. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280139-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280139-5"><bdi>978-0-19-280139-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anglo-Saxon+England&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=367&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280139-5&rft.au=Stenton%2C+F.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHollister196661-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHollister196661_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHollister1966">Hollister 1966</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2014" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ann_Williams_(historian)" title="Ann Williams (historian)">Williams, Ann</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8463?docPos=1">"Edgar (called Edgar Pacificus) (943/4–975)"</a>. <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F8463">10.1093/ref:odnb/8463</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Edgar+%28called+Edgar+Pacificus%29+%28943%2F4%E2%80%93975%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F8463&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F8463%3FdocPos%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill1966134-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChurchill1966134_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChurchill1966134_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChurchill1966">Churchill 1966</a>, p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchama201165-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchama201165_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchama2011">Schama 2011</a>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Early sources on Edgar and Dunstan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.dot-domesday.me.uk/edgar.htm">http://www.dot-domesday.me.uk/edgar.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoach2013" class="citation book cs1">Roach, Levi (2013). <i>Kingship and Consent in Anglo-Saxon England, 871–978</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 67, 240. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-03653-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-03653-6"><bdi>978-1-107-03653-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kingship+and+Consent+in+Anglo-Saxon+England%2C+871%E2%80%93978&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=67%2C+240&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-107-03653-6&rft.aulast=Roach&rft.aufirst=Levi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill1966139-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChurchill1966139_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChurchill1966">Churchill 1966</a>, p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFryde,_E._B.Greenway,_D._E.Porter,_S.Roy,_I.1996" class="citation book cs1">Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). <i>Handbook of British Chronology</i> (Third revised ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-56350-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-56350-X"><bdi>0-521-56350-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+British+Chronology&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pages=223&rft.edition=Third+revised&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-521-56350-X&rft.au=Fryde%2C+E.+B.&rft.au=Greenway%2C+D.+E.&rft.au=Porter%2C+S.&rft.au=Roy%2C+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-msc-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-msc_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.missionstclare.com/english/people/may19.html">"Biography: St. Dunstan"</a>. <i>Mission St. Clare</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mission+St.+Clare&rft.atitle=Biography%3A+St.+Dunstan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.missionstclare.com%2Fenglish%2Fpeople%2Fmay19.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook1949" class="citation cs2">Cook, G. H. (1949), <i>Portrait of Canterbury Cathedral</i>, London: Phoenix House</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Portrait+of+Canterbury+Cathedral&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Phoenix+House&rft.date=1949&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=G.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span> pp 22–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/churchs-year/calendar">"The Calendar"</a>. <i>The Church of England</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Church+of+England&rft.atitle=The+Calendar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofengland.org%2Fprayer-and-worship%2Fworship-texts-and-resources%2Fcommon-worship%2Fchurchs-year%2Fcalendar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bEq7DwAAQBAJ"><i>Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018</i></a>. Church Publishing, Inc. 17 December 2019. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64065-235-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64065-235-4"><bdi>978-1-64065-235-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lesser+Feasts+and+Fasts+2018&rft.pub=Church+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2019-12-17&rft.isbn=978-1-64065-235-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbEq7DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cliftondiocese.com/parishes/">"Parishes"</a>. <i>Clifton Diocese</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Clifton+Diocese&rft.atitle=Parishes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcliftondiocese.com%2Fparishes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDickens189324-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDickens189324_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDickens1893">Dickens 1893</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHone1825670-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHone1825670_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHone1825">Hone 1825</a>, p. 670.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunning2016-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunning2016_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunning2016">Dunning 2016</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnlezark2009-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnlezark2009_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnlezark2009">Anlezark 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETolley2010166–168-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETolley2010166–168_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolley2010">Tolley 2010</a>, pp. 166–168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELawrence189991-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELawrence189991_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLawrence1899">Lawrence 1899</a>, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandles2016" class="citation web cs1">Sandles, Tim (17 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legendarydartmoor.co.uk/franklin-nights.htm">"Franklin's Nights"</a>. <i>Legends of Dartmoor</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legends+of+Dartmoor&rft.atitle=Franklin%27s+Nights&rft.date=2016-04-17&rft.aulast=Sandles&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legendarydartmoor.co.uk%2Ffranklin-nights.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Medieval London Suburbs", Kevin McDonnell, p136</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Metropolitan Borough of Stepney Official Guide – 10th Edition – 1961 – Published by Ed J Burrow and Co Ltd p. 29</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunstan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander1992" class="citation book cs1">Alexander, Jonathan J. G. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yy21QgAACAAJ"><i>Medieval Illuminators and Their Methods of Work</i></a>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-05689-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-05689-1"><bdi>978-0-300-05689-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Illuminators+and+Their+Methods+of+Work&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+CT&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-300-05689-1&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+J.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYy21QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnlezark2009" class="citation book cs1">Anlezark, Daniel (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZBjPgAACAAJ"><i>The Old English Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn</i></a>. D.S. Brewer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84384-203-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84384-203-3"><bdi>978-1-84384-203-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Old+English+Dialogues+of+Solomon+and+Saturn&rft.pub=D.S.+Brewer&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84384-203-3&rft.aulast=Anlezark&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3ZBjPgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunsonBunsonBunson1998" class="citation book cs1">Bunson, Matthew; Bunson, Margaret; Bunson, Stephen (1998). <i>Our Sunday Visitor's Encyclopedia of Saints</i>. Huntington, IN: Our Sunday Visitor Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87973-588-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87973-588-0"><bdi>0-87973-588-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Sunday+Visitor%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Saints&rft.place=Huntington%2C+IN&rft.pub=Our+Sunday+Visitor+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-87973-588-0&rft.aulast=Bunson&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Bunson%2C+Margaret&rft.au=Bunson%2C+Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChurchill1966" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill, Winston</a> (1966). <i>The Birth of Britain</i>. Dodd, Mead.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Birth+of+Britain&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Churchill&rft.aufirst=Winston&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrossLivingstone1997" class="citation book cs1">Cross, F. L.; Livingstone, E. A., eds. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0Q0RAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA514"><i>The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i></a> (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press, USA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+USA&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0Q0RAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA514&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickens1893" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Dickens, Charles</a> (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L8AvAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA24"><i>A Christmas Carol in Prose: Being a Ghost Story of Christmas. The Cricket on the Hearth, a Fairy Tale of Home; with a Biographical Sketch and Notes</i></a>. Houghton Mifflin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Christmas+Carol+in+Prose%3A+Being+a+Ghost+Story+of+Christmas.+The+Cricket+on+the+Hearth%2C+a+Fairy+Tale+of+Home%3B+with+a+Biographical+Sketch+and+Notes&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1893&rft.aulast=Dickens&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL8AvAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunning2016" class="citation web cs1">Dunning, Andrew (19 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2016/05/st-dunstan.html">"An Anglo-Saxon 'Renaissance Man': St Dunstan"</a>. <i>Medieval manuscripts blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medieval+manuscripts+blog&rft.atitle=An+Anglo-Saxon+%27Renaissance+Man%27%3A+St+Dunstan&rft.date=2016-05-19&rft.aulast=Dunning&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbritishlibrary.typepad.co.uk%2Fdigitisedmanuscripts%2F2016%2F05%2Fst-dunstan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunning1983" class="citation book cs1">Dunning, Robert William (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YqmnQAAACAAJ"><i>A History of Somerset</i></a>. Chichester: Phillimore. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85033-461-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85033-461-6"><bdi>978-0-85033-461-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Somerset&rft.place=Chichester&rft.pub=Phillimore&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-85033-461-6&rft.aulast=Dunning&rft.aufirst=Robert+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYqmnQAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrydePowicke1961" class="citation book cs1">Fryde, E. B.; Powicke, Frederick Maurice (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q7bCwwEACAAJ"><i>Handbook of British Chronology</i></a>. Royal Historical Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780901050175" title="Special:BookSources/9780901050175"><bdi>9780901050175</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+British+Chronology&rft.pub=Royal+Historical+Society&rft.date=1961&rft.isbn=9780901050175&rft.aulast=Fryde&rft.aufirst=E.+B.&rft.au=Powicke%2C+Frederick+Maurice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ7bCwwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen1895" class="citation book cs1">Green, John Richard (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0xKajT7qfFMC&pg=PA121"><i>History of the English People</i></a>. Vol. 1. London: Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+English+People&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=John+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0xKajT7qfFMC%26pg%3DPA121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHone1825" class="citation book cs1">Hone, William (1825). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8CEIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA670"><i>The every-day book, or, The guide to the year</i></a>. William Tegg.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+every-day+book%2C+or%2C+The+guide+to+the+year&rft.pub=William+Tegg&rft.date=1825&rft.aulast=Hone&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8CEIAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIggulden2017" class="citation book cs1">Iggulden, Conn (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F7FwDQAAQBAJ"><i>Dunstan: One Man. Seven Kings. England's Bloody Throne</i></a>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4059-2150-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4059-2150-3"><bdi>978-1-4059-2150-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dunstan%3A+One+Man.+Seven+Kings.+England%27s+Bloody+Throne.&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-4059-2150-3&rft.aulast=Iggulden&rft.aufirst=Conn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF7FwDQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLapidge1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lapidge" title="Michael Lapidge">Lapidge, Michael</a> (1993). "B. and the Vita S. Dunstani". <i>Anglo-Latin Literature 900–1066</i>. London, UK: The Hambledon Press. pp. 279–291. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85285-012-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85285-012-8"><bdi>978-1-85285-012-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=B.+and+the+Vita+S.+Dunstani&rft.btitle=Anglo-Latin+Literature+900%E2%80%931066&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=279-291&rft.pub=The+Hambledon+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-1-85285-012-8&rft.aulast=Lapidge&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLapidge1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lapidge" title="Michael Lapidge">Lapidge, Michael</a> (1999). "Dunstan". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SnpGngEACAAJ"><i>The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England</i></a>. Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-15565-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-15565-2"><bdi>978-0-631-15565-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dunstan&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Encyclopaedia+of+Anglo-Saxon+England&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-631-15565-2&rft.aulast=Lapidge&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSnpGngEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLapidge2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Lapidge, Michael (23 September 2004). "Dunstan [St Dunstan] (<i>d</i>. 988)". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F8288">10.1093/ref:odnb/8288</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dunstan+%5BSt+Dunstan%5D+%28d.+988%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004-09-23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F8288&rft.aulast=Lapidge&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence1899" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence, Robert (1899). <i>The Magic of the Horseshoe</i>. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/603818324">603818324</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Magic+of+the+Horseshoe&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1899&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F603818324&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchama2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Schama, Simon (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cBtcY1RIVMUC"><i>A History of Britain</i></a>. Vol. 1: At the Edge of the World? 3000 BC-AD 1603. Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4090-1824-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4090-1824-7"><bdi>978-1-4090-1824-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Britain&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4090-1824-7&rft.aulast=Schama&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcBtcY1RIVMUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToke1909" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Toke, Leslie Alexander St. Lawrence (1909). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Dunstan"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/St._Dunstan">"St. Dunstan" </a></span>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=St.+Dunstan&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Toke&rft.aufirst=Leslie+Alexander+St.+Lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolley2010" class="citation journal cs1">Tolley, C. (2010). "Solomon and Saturn I's 'Prologa Prima'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Notes and Queries</i>. <b>57</b> (2): 166–168. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnotesj%2Fgjq050">10.1093/notesj/gjq050</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0029-3970">0029-3970</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notes+and+Queries&rft.atitle=Solomon+and+Saturn+I%27s+%27Prologa+Prima%27&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=166-168&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fnotesj%2Fgjq050&rft.issn=0029-3970&rft.aulast=Tolley&rft.aufirst=C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollister1966" class="citation book cs1">Hollister, Charles Warren (1966). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/makingofengland500holl"><i>The Making of England, 55 B. C.-1399</i></a></span>. Heath.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+England%2C+55+B.+C.-1399&rft.pub=Heath&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Hollister&rft.aufirst=Charles+Warren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmakingofengland500holl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitelock1979" class="citation journal cs1">Whitelock, Dorothy (1979). "An Old English Account of King Edgar's Establishment of the Monasteries". <i>English Historical Documents</i>. <b>1</b>: 920.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=English+Historical+Documents&rft.atitle=An+Old+English+Account+of+King+Edgar%27s+Establishment+of+the+Monasteries&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=920&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Whitelock&rft.aufirst=Dorothy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1970" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Michael (1970). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/drainingofsomers0000will/page/50"><i>Draining Somerset Levels</i></a></span>. Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/drainingofsomers0000will/page/50">50</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-07486-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-07486-X"><bdi>0-521-07486-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Draining+Somerset+Levels&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-521-07486-X&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdrainingofsomers0000will%2Fpage%2F50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinterbottomLapidge2011" class="citation book cs1">Winterbottom, Michael; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lapidge" title="Michael Lapidge">Lapidge, Michael</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ssu8cQAACAAJ"><i>The Early Lives of St Dunstan</i></a>. Oxford: OUP. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-960504-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-960504-0"><bdi>978-0-19-960504-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Lives+of+St+Dunstan&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=OUP&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-960504-0&rft.aulast=Winterbottom&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Lapidge%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSsu8cQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunstan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunstan&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunstan&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>'Author B', <i>Vita S. Dunstani</i>, ed. W. Stubbs, <i>Memorials of St Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury</i>. <a href="/wiki/Rolls_Series" title="Rolls Series">Rolls Series</a>. London, 1874. 3–52. Portions of the text are translated by <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Whitelock" title="Dorothy Whitelock">Dorothy Whitelock</a> in <i>English Historical Documents c. 500–1042</i>. 2nd ed. London, 1979. These have been superseded by the new edition and translation by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lapidge" title="Michael Lapidge">Michael Lapidge</a> and Michael Winterbottom, <i>The Early Lives of St Dunstan</i>, Oxford University Press, 2012.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelard_of_Ghent" title="Adelard of Ghent">Adelard of Ghent</a>, <i>Epistola Adelardi ad Elfegum Archiepiscopum de Vita Sancti Dunstani</i>, Adelard's letter to Archbishop <a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfheah_of_Canterbury" title="Ælfheah of Canterbury">Ælfheah of Canterbury</a> (1005–1012) on the Life of St Dunstan, ed. W. Stubbs, <i>Memorials of St Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury</i>. Rolls Series 63. London, 1874. 53–68. Also in the new edition and translation by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lapidge" title="Michael Lapidge">Michael Lapidge</a> and Michael Winterbottom, <i>The Early Lives of St Dunstan</i>, Oxford University Press, 2012.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfstan_of_Winchester" class="mw-redirect" title="Wulfstan of Winchester">Wulfstan of Winchester</a>, <i>The Life of St Æthelwold</i>, ed. and tr. M. Lapidge and M. Winterbottom, <i>Wulfstan of Winchester. The Life of St Æthelwold</i>. Oxford Medieval Texts. Oxford, 1991.</li> <li><i>Reliquiae Dunstanianae</i>, ed. W. Stubbs, <i>Memorials of St Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury</i>. Rolls Series. London, 1874. 354–439.</li> <li><i>Fragmenta ritualia de Dunstano</i>, ed. W. Stubbs, <i>Memorials of St Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury</i>. Rolls Series. London, 1874. 440–57.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osbern_of_Canterbury" title="Osbern of Canterbury">Osbern of Canterbury</a>, <i>Vita sancti Dunstani</i> and <i>Liber Miraculorum Sancti Dunstani</i>, ed. W. Stubbs, <i>Memorials of St Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury</i>. Rolls Series. London, 1874. 69–161.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadmer" title="Eadmer">Eadmer</a>, <i>Vita S. Dunstani</i> and <i>Miracula S. Dunstani</i>, ed. and tr. Bernard J. Muir and Andrew J. Turner, <i>Eadmer of Canterbury. Lives and Miracles of Saints Oda, Dunstan, and Oswald</i>. OMT. Oxford, 2006. 41–159 and 160–212; ed. W. Stubbs, <i>Memorials of St Dunstan, archbishop of Canterbury</i>. Rolls Series 63. London, 1874. 162–249, 412–25.</li> <li><i>An Old English Account of the King Edgar's Establishment of the Monasteries</i>, tr. D. Whitelock, <i>English Historical Documents I</i>. Oxford University Press, 1979.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Secondary_sources">Secondary sources</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunstan&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Secondary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Dales, Douglas, <i>Dunstan: Saint and Statesman</i>, 3rd ed., James Clark & Co, 2023</li> <li>Duckett, Eleanor. <i>Saint Dunstan of Canterbury</i> (1955).</li> <li>Dunstan, St. <i>Encyclopedia of World Biography</i>, 2nd ed. 17 vols. Gale Research, 1998.</li> <li>Knowles, David. <i>The Monastic Orders in England</i> (1940; 2d ed. 1963).</li> <li>Ramsay, Nigel <i>St Dunstan: his Life, Times, and Cult</i>, Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK; Rochester, NY: Boydell Press, 1992.</li> <li>Sayles, G. O., <i>The Medieval Foundations of England</i> (1948; 2d ed. 1950).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Malmesbury" title="William of Malmesbury">William of Malmesbury</a>, <i>Vita sancti Dunstani</i>, ed. and tr. Bernard J. Muir and Andrew J. Turner, <i>William of Malmesbury. Lives of SS. Wulfstan, Dunstan, Patrick, Benignus and Indract</i>. Oxford Medieval Texts. Oxford, 2002; ed. W. Stubbs, <i>Memorials of St Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury</i>. Rolls Series. London, 1874. 250–324.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Capgrave" title="John Capgrave">John Capgrave</a>, <i>Vita sancti Dunstani</i>, ed. W. Stubbs, <i>Memorials of St Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury</i>. Rolls Series. London, 1874. 325–53.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunstan&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dunstan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dunstan">Dunstan</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pase.ac.uk/jsp/persons/CreatePersonFrames.jsp?personKey=7459">Dunstan 1</a> at <a href="/wiki/Prosopography_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" title="Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England">Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/13978/13978-h/13978-h.htm"><i>The True Legend of St. Dunstan and the Devil</i></a> by Edward G. Flight, illustrated by <a href="/wiki/George_Cruikshank" title="George Cruikshank">George Cruikshank</a>, published in 1871, and available from <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2016/05/st-dunstan.html">Dunstan at the British Library</a>, BL medieval manuscripts blogpost, May 2016</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Koenwald" title="Koenwald">Koenwald</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Worcester" title="Bishop of Worcester">Bishop of Worcester</a> </b><br />957–9 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Oswald_of_Worcester" title="Oswald of Worcester">Oswald of Worcester</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Brihthelm_(Bishop_of_London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brihthelm (Bishop of London)">Brihthelm</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_London" title="Bishop of London">Bishop of London</a> </b><br />958–9 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfstan_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Ælfstan of London">Ælfstan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Byrhthelm_(bishop_of_Wells)" title="Byrhthelm (bishop of Wells)">Byrhthelm</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> </b><br />959–88 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelgar" title="Æthelgar">Æthelgar</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bishops_of_London" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FFFFFF; border-bottom: #7F1734 5px solid; border-top: #7F1734 5px solid;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bishops_of_London" title="Template:Bishops of London"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bishops_of_London" title="Template talk:Bishops of London"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bishops_of_London" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bishops of London"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bishops_of_London" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_London" title="Bishop of London">Bishops of London</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-Augustine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mellitus" title="Mellitus">Mellitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedd" title="Cedd">Cedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_(bishop)" title="Wine (bishop)">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earconwald" title="Earconwald">Earconwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldhere_(bishop)" title="Waldhere (bishop)">Waldhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingwald" title="Ingwald">Ingwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecgwulf" title="Ecgwulf">Ecgwulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigheah" title="Wigheah">Wigheah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadberht_(bishop_of_London)" title="Eadberht (bishop of London)">Eadberht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadgar_of_London" title="Eadgar of London">Eadgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coenwalh_(bishop)" title="Coenwalh (bishop)">Coenwalh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadbald_(bishop_of_London)" title="Eadbald (bishop of London)">Eadbald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathoberht" title="Heathoberht">Heathoberht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmund_(bishop_of_London)" title="Osmund (bishop of London)">Osmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelnoth_(bishop_of_London)" title="Æthelnoth (bishop of London)">Æthelnoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceolberht" title="Ceolberht">Ceolberht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deorwulf" title="Deorwulf">Deorwulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swithwulf_(bishop_of_London)" title="Swithwulf (bishop of London)">Swithwulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heahstan" title="Heahstan">Heahstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfsige_of_London" title="Wulfsige of London">Wulfsige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelweard_of_London" title="Æthelweard of London">Æthelweard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leofstan" title="Leofstan">Leofstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodred_(bishop_of_London)" title="Theodred (bishop of London)">Theodred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihthelm_(bishop_of_London)" title="Brihthelm (bishop of London)">Brihthelm</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dunstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfstan_(bishop_of_London)" title="Ælfstan (bishop of London)">Ælfstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfstan_(died_1023)" title="Wulfstan (died 1023)">Wulfstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfhun_(bishop_of_London)" title="Ælfhun (bishop of London)">Ælfhun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfwig" title="Ælfwig">Ælfwig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfweard_of_London" title="Ælfweard of London">Ælfweard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_of_Jumi%C3%A8ges" title="Robert of Jumièges">Robert of Jumièges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearhafoc" title="Spearhafoc">Spearhafoc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-Conquest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_the_Norman" title="William the Norman">William the Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_d%27Orevalle" title="Hugh d'Orevalle">Hugh d'Orevalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_(bishop_of_London)" title="Maurice (bishop of London)">Maurice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Belmeis_I" title="Richard de Belmeis I">Richard de Belmeis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Universalis" title="Gilbert Universalis">Gilbert Universalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_St_Saba" title="Anselm of St Saba">Anselm</a> <i>(quashed)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Sigello" title="Robert de Sigello">Robert de Sigello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Belmeis_II" title="Richard de Belmeis II">Richard de Belmeis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Foliot" title="Gilbert Foliot">Gilbert Foliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_FitzNeal" title="Richard FitzNeal">Richard FitzNeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Sainte-M%C3%A8re-%C3%89glise" title="William of Sainte-Mère-Église">William of Sainte-Mère-Église</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_of_Fauconberg" title="Eustace of Fauconberg">Eustace of Fauconberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Niger" title="Roger Niger">Roger Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulk_Basset_(bishop_of_London)" title="Fulk Basset (bishop of London)">Fulk Basset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wingham" title="Henry Wingham">Henry Wingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Talbot_(bishop_of_London)" title="Richard Talbot (bishop of London)">Richard Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Sandwich" title="Henry of Sandwich">Henry of Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chishull" title="John Chishull">John Chishull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulke_Lovell" title="Fulke Lovell">Fulke Lovell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gravesend" title="Richard Gravesend">Richard Gravesend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Baldock" title="Ralph Baldock">Ralph Baldock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Segrave" title="Gilbert Segrave">Gilbert Segrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Newport_(bishop)" title="Richard Newport (bishop)">Richard Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gravesend" title="Stephen Gravesend">Stephen Gravesend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Wentworth" title="Richard de Wentworth">Richard de Wentworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Stratford" title="Ralph Stratford">Ralph Stratford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Northburgh" title="Michael Northburgh">Michael Northburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Sudbury" title="Simon Sudbury">Simon Sudbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Courtenay" title="William Courtenay">William Courtenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Braybrooke" title="Robert Braybrooke">Robert Braybrooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Walden" title="Roger Walden">Roger Walden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Bubwith" title="Nicholas Bubwith">Nicholas Bubwith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Clifford" title="Richard Clifford">Richard Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kemp" title="John Kemp">John Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Grey_(bishop_of_Lincoln)" title="William Grey (bishop of Lincoln)">William Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_FitzHugh" title="Robert FitzHugh">Robert FitzHugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gilbert_(bishop)" title="Robert Gilbert (bishop)">Robert Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kempe" title="Thomas Kempe">Thomas Kempe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hill_(bishop)" title="Richard Hill (bishop)">Richard Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Savage_(bishop)" title="Thomas Savage (bishop)">Thomas Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Warham" title="William Warham">William Warham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barons" title="William Barons">William Barons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_FitzJames" title="Richard FitzJames">Richard FitzJames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuthbert_Tunstall" title="Cuthbert Tunstall">Cuthbert Tunstall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">During the Reformation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Stokesley" title="John Stokesley">John Stokesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Bonner" title="Edmund Bonner">Edmund Bonner</a> <i>(1st)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ridley_(martyr)" title="Nicholas Ridley (martyr)">Nicholas Ridley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Bonner" title="Edmund Bonner">Edmund Bonner</a> <i>(2nd)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-Reformation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Grindal" title="Edmund Grindal">Edmund Grindal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Sandys_(bishop)" title="Edwin Sandys (bishop)">Edwin Sandys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Aylmer_(bishop)" title="John Aylmer (bishop)">John Aylmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fletcher_(bishop)" title="Richard Fletcher (bishop)">Richard Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bancroft" title="Richard Bancroft">Richard Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Vaughan_(bishop)" title="Richard Vaughan (bishop)">Richard Vaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ravis" title="Thomas Ravis">Thomas Ravis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbot_(bishop)" title="George Abbot (bishop)">George Abbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_King_(bishop_of_London)" title="John King (bishop of London)">John King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Montaigne" title="George Montaigne">George Montaigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">William Laud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Juxon" title="William Juxon">William Juxon</a></li> <li><i>Episcopacy abolished (<a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth</a>)</i></li> <li>William Juxon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Sheldon" title="Gilbert Sheldon">Gilbert Sheldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Henchman" title="Humphrey Henchman">Humphrey Henchman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Compton_(bishop)" title="Henry Compton (bishop)">Henry Compton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Robinson_(bishop_of_London)" title="John Robinson (bishop of London)">John Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Gibson" title="Edmund Gibson">Edmund Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sherlock" title="Thomas Sherlock">Thomas Sherlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hayter" title="Thomas Hayter">Thomas Hayter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Osbaldeston" title="Richard Osbaldeston">Richard Osbaldeston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Terrick" title="Richard Terrick">Richard Terrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowth" title="Robert Lowth">Robert Lowth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beilby_Porteus" title="Beilby Porteus">Beilby Porteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Randolph_(bishop_of_London)" title="John Randolph (bishop of London)">John Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howley" title="William Howley">William Howley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Blomfield" title="Charles James Blomfield">Charles James Blomfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Campbell_Tait" title="Archibald Campbell Tait">Archibald Campbell Tait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jackson_(bishop)" title="John Jackson (bishop)">John Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Temple" title="Frederick Temple">Frederick Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandell_Creighton" title="Mandell Creighton">Mandell Creighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Winnington-Ingram" title="Arthur Winnington-Ingram">Arthur Winnington-Ingram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Fisher" title="Geoffrey Fisher">Geoffrey Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wand" title="William Wand">William Wand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Montgomery_Campbell" title="Henry Montgomery Campbell">Henry Montgomery Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stopford_(bishop)" title="Robert Stopford (bishop)">Robert Stopford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ellison" title="Gerald Ellison">Gerald Ellison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Leonard" title="Graham Leonard">Graham Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hope,_Baron_Hope_of_Thornes" title="David Hope, Baron Hope of Thornes">David Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Chartres" title="Richard Chartres">Richard Chartres</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pete_Broadbent" title="Pete Broadbent">Pete Broadbent</a> (Acting)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Mullally" title="Sarah Mullally">Sarah Mullally</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bishops_of_Worcester" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FFFFFF; border-bottom: #7F1734 5px solid; border-top: #7F1734 5px solid;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bishops_of_Worcester" title="Template:Bishops of Worcester"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bishops_of_Worcester" title="Template talk:Bishops of Worcester"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bishops_of_Worcester" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bishops of Worcester"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bishops_of_Worcester" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Worcester" title="Bishop of Worcester">Bishops of Worcester</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosel" title="Bosel">Bosel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oftfor" title="Oftfor">Oftfor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egwin_of_Evesham" title="Egwin of Evesham">Egwin of Evesham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrith_I_(bishop_of_Worcester)" title="Wilfrith I (bishop of Worcester)">Wilfrith</a> <i>(I)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milred" title="Milred">Milred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waermund_(bishop_of_Worcester)" title="Waermund (bishop of Worcester)">Waermund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilhere" title="Tilhere">Tilhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathured_of_Worcester" title="Heathured of Worcester">Heathured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denebeorht" title="Denebeorht">Denebeorht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heahbeorht" title="Heahbeorht">Heahbeorht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealhhun" title="Ealhhun">Ealhhun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werferth" title="Werferth">Werferth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelhun" title="Æthelhun">Æthelhun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrith_II_(bishop_of_Worcester)" title="Wilfrith II (bishop of Worcester)">Wilfrith</a> <i>(II)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koenwald" title="Koenwald">Koenwald</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dunstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_of_Worcester" title="Oswald of Worcester">Oswald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealdwulf_(archbishop_of_York)" title="Ealdwulf (archbishop of York)">Ealdwulf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">High medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wulfstan_(died_1023)" title="Wulfstan (died 1023)">Wulfstan</a> <i>(I)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leofsige" title="Leofsige">Leofsige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beorhtheah" title="Beorhtheah">Beorhtheah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyfing_of_Winchester" title="Lyfing of Winchester">Lyfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfric_Puttoc" title="Ælfric Puttoc">Ælfric Puttoc</a></li> <li>Lyfing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealdred_(bishop)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ealdred (bishop)">Ealdred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfstan_(died_1095)" title="Wulfstan (died 1095)">Wulfstan</a> <i>(II)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samson_(bishop_of_Worcester)" title="Samson (bishop of Worcester)">Samson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theulf" title="Theulf">Theulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_of_Worcester" title="Simon of Worcester">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_de_Pageham" title="John de Pageham">John de Pageham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alured" title="Alured">Alured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_of_Worcester" title="Roger of Worcester">Roger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_of_Forde" title="Baldwin of Forde">Baldwin of Forde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Northall" title="William of Northall">William of Northall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_FitzRalph" title="Robert FitzRalph">Robert FitzRalph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_de_Sully_(bishop_of_Worcester)" title="Henry de Sully (bishop of Worcester)">Henry de Sully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Coutances" title="John of Coutances">John of Coutances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauger_of_Worcester" title="Mauger of Worcester">Mauger</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Randulf_of_Evesham" title="Randulf of Evesham">Randulf of Evesham</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Gray" title="Walter de Gray">Walter de Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_of_Worcester" title="Sylvester of Worcester">Sylvester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_de_Blois_(bishop_of_Worcester)" title="William de Blois (bishop of Worcester)">William de Blois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Cantilupe" title="Walter de Cantilupe">Walter de Cantilupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Ely" title="Nicholas of Ely">Nicholas of Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Giffard" title="Godfrey Giffard">Godfrey Giffard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/John_St_German" title="John St German">John St German</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gainsborough" title="William Gainsborough">William Gainsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Reynolds" title="Walter Reynolds">Walter Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Maidstone" title="Walter Maidstone">Walter Maidstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cobham" title="Thomas Cobham">Thomas Cobham</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wulstan_Bransford" title="Wulstan Bransford">Wulstan Bransford</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Orleton" title="Adam Orleton">Adam Orleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Montacute" title="Simon Montacute">Simon Montacute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hemenhale" title="Thomas Hemenhale">Thomas Hemenhale</a></li> <li>Wulstan Bransford</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Thoresby" title="John of Thoresby">John of Thoresby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Brian" title="Reginald Brian">Reginald Brian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barnet" title="John Barnet">John Barnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whittlesey" title="William Whittlesey">William Whittlesey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lenn" title="William Lenn">William Lenn</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lyghe" title="Walter Lyghe">Walter Lyghe</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wakefield_(bishop_of_Worcester)" title="Henry Wakefield (bishop of Worcester)">Henry Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Tideman_of_Winchcombe" title="Robert Tideman of Winchcombe">Robert Tideman of Winchcombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Clifford" title="Richard Clifford">Richard Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Peverel" title="Thomas Peverel">Thomas Peverel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Morgan_(bishop)" title="Philip Morgan (bishop)">Philip Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Polton" title="Thomas Polton">Thomas Polton</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brunce" title="Thomas Brunce">Thomas Brunce</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bourchier_(cardinal)" title="Thomas Bourchier (cardinal)">Thomas Bourchier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carpenter_(bishop_of_Worcester)" title="John Carpenter (bishop of Worcester)">John Carpenter</a> <i>("Bishop of Worcester and Westbury")</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Alcock_(bishop)" title="John Alcock (bishop)">John Alcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morton_(bishop)" title="Robert Morton (bishop)">Robert Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_de%27_Gigli" title="Giovanni de' Gigli">Giovanni de' Gigli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silvestro_de%27_Gigli" title="Silvestro de' Gigli">Silvestro de' Gigli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Ghinucci" title="Girolamo Ghinucci">Girolamo Ghinucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Latimer" title="Hugh Latimer">Hugh Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(bishop_of_Worcester)" title="John Bell (bishop of Worcester)">John Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Heath" title="Nicholas Heath">Nicholas Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hooper_(bishop)" title="John Hooper (bishop)">John Hooper</a>, Bishop of Worcester and Gloucester</li> <li>Nicholas Heath</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Pate_(bishop)" title="Richard Pate (bishop)">Richard Pate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Sandys_(bishop)" title="Edwin Sandys (bishop)">Edwin Sandys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Bullingham" title="Nicholas Bullingham">Nicholas Bullingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Whitgift" title="John Whitgift">John Whitgift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Freke" title="Edmund Freke">Edmund Freke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fletcher_(bishop)" title="Richard Fletcher (bishop)">Richard Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bilson" title="Thomas Bilson">Thomas Bilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gervase_Babington" title="Gervase Babington">Gervase Babington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Parry_(bishop_of_Worcester)" title="Henry Parry (bishop of Worcester)">Henry Parry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thornborough" title="John Thornborough">John Thornborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prideaux" title="John Prideaux">John Prideaux</a></li> <li><i>Episcopacy abolished (<a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Morley_(bishop)" title="George Morley (bishop)">George Morley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gauden" title="John Gauden">John Gauden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Earle_(bishop)" title="John Earle (bishop)">John Earle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Skinner_(bishop)" title="Robert Skinner (bishop)">Robert Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Blandford" title="Walter Blandford">Walter Blandford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Fleetwood" title="James Fleetwood">James Fleetwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Thomas_(bishop_of_Worcester)" title="William Thomas (bishop of Worcester)">William Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stillingfleet" title="Edward Stillingfleet">Edward Stillingfleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lloyd_(bishop_of_Worcester)" title="William Lloyd (bishop of Worcester)">William Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hough_(bishop)" title="John Hough (bishop)">John Hough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Maddox" title="Isaac Maddox">Isaac Maddox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Johnson_(bishop_of_Worcester)" title="James Johnson (bishop of Worcester)">James Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownlow_North" title="Brownlow North">Brownlow North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hurd_(bishop)" title="Richard Hurd (bishop)">Richard Hurd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folliott_Cornewall" title="Folliott Cornewall">Folliott Cornewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Carr_(bishop)" title="Robert Carr (bishop)">Robert Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Pepys" title="Henry Pepys">Henry Pepys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Philpott_(bishop)" title="Henry Philpott (bishop)">Henry Philpott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Perowne" title="John Perowne">John Perowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gore" title="Charles Gore">Charles Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huyshe_Yeatman-Biggs" title="Huyshe Yeatman-Biggs">Huyshe Yeatman-Biggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Pearce" title="Ernest Pearce">Ernest Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Perowne" title="Arthur Perowne">Arthur Perowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wilson_Cash" title="William Wilson Cash">William Wilson Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mervyn_Charles-Edwards" title="Mervyn Charles-Edwards">Mervyn Charles-Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Woods" title="Robin Woods">Robin Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Goodrich" title="Philip Goodrich">Philip Goodrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Selby" title="Peter Selby">Peter Selby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Inge" title="John Inge">John Inge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Archbishops_of_Canterbury" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FFFFFF; border-bottom: #7F1734 5px solid; border-top: #7F1734 5px solid;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Archbishops_of_Canterbury" title="Template:Archbishops of Canterbury"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Archbishops_of_Canterbury" title="Template talk:Archbishops of Canterbury"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Archbishops_of_Canterbury" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Archbishops of Canterbury"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Archbishops_of_Canterbury" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishops of Canterbury</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_archbishops_of_Canterbury" title="List of archbishops of Canterbury">List of archbishops of Canterbury</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-<a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest" title="Norman Conquest">Conquest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_of_Canterbury" title="Laurence of Canterbury">Laurence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellitus" title="Mellitus">Mellitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justus" title="Justus">Justus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorius_of_Canterbury" title="Honorius of Canterbury">Honorius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deusdedit_of_Canterbury" title="Deusdedit of Canterbury">Deusdedit</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wighard" title="Wighard">Wighard</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_of_Tarsus" title="Theodore of Tarsus">Theodore of Tarsus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berhtwald" title="Berhtwald">Berhtwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatwine" title="Tatwine">Tatwine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nothhelm" title="Nothhelm">Nothhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuthbert_of_Canterbury" title="Cuthbert of Canterbury">Cuthbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bregowine" title="Bregowine">Bregowine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A6nberht" title="Jænberht">Jænberht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelhard" title="Æthelhard">Æthelhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfred" title="Wulfred">Wulfred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feologild" title="Feologild">Feologild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceolnoth" title="Ceolnoth">Ceolnoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred_(archbishop)" title="Æthelred (archbishop)">Æthelred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plegmund" title="Plegmund">Plegmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athelm" title="Athelm">Athelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfhelm" title="Wulfhelm">Wulfhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oda_of_Canterbury" title="Oda of Canterbury">Oda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfsige" title="Ælfsige">Ælfsige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byrhthelm_(bishop_of_Wells)" title="Byrhthelm (bishop of Wells)">Byrhthelm</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dunstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelgar" title="Æthelgar">Æthelgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigeric_(bishop)" title="Sigeric (bishop)">Sigeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfric_of_Abingdon" title="Ælfric of Abingdon">Ælfric of Abingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfheah_of_Canterbury" title="Ælfheah of Canterbury">Ælfheah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyfing_(Archbishop_of_Canterbury)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyfing (Archbishop of Canterbury)">Lyfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelnoth_(archbishop_of_Canterbury)" title="Æthelnoth (archbishop of Canterbury)">Æthelnoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadsige" title="Eadsige">Eadsige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_of_Jumi%C3%A8ges" title="Robert of Jumièges">Robert of Jumièges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stigand" title="Stigand">Stigand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conquest to <a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">Reformation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanfranc" title="Lanfranc">Lanfranc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_d%27Escures" title="Ralph d'Escures">Ralph d'Escures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_de_Corbeil" title="William de Corbeil">William de Corbeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_of_Bec" title="Theobald of Bec">Theobald of Bec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roger_de_Bailleul" title="Roger de Bailleul">Roger de Bailleul</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Dover" title="Richard of Dover">Richard of Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_of_Forde" title="Baldwin of Forde">Baldwin of Forde</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Fitz_Jocelin" title="Reginald Fitz Jocelin">Reginald Fitz Jocelin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Walter" title="Hubert Walter">Hubert Walter</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reginald_(sub-prior)" title="Reginald (sub-prior)">Reginald</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_de_Gray" title="John de Gray">John de Gray</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Langton" title="Stephen Langton">Stephen Langton</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Walter_d%27Eynsham" title="Walter d'Eynsham">Walter d'Eynsham</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_le_Grant" title="Richard le Grant">Richard le Grant</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Neville" title="Ralph Neville">Ralph Neville</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_of_Sittingbourne" title="John of Sittingbourne">John of Sittingbourne</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Blund" title="John Blund">John Blund</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_of_Abingdon" title="Edmund of Abingdon">Edmund of Abingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boniface_of_Savoy_(bishop)" title="Boniface of Savoy (bishop)">Boniface</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Chillenden" title="William Chillenden">William Chillenden</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kilwardby" title="Robert Kilwardby">Robert Kilwardby</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burnell" title="Robert Burnell">Robert Burnell</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Peckham" title="John Peckham">John Peckham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Winchelsey" title="Robert Winchelsey">Robert Winchelsey</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cobham" title="Thomas Cobham">Thomas Cobham</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Reynolds" title="Walter Reynolds">Walter Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Mepeham" title="Simon Mepeham">Simon Mepeham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_de_Stratford" title="John de Stratford">John de Stratford</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_de_Ufford" title="John de Ufford">John de Ufford</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bradwardine" title="Thomas Bradwardine">Thomas Bradwardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Islip" title="Simon Islip">Simon Islip</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Edington" title="William Edington">William Edington</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Langham" title="Simon Langham">Simon Langham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whittlesey" title="William Whittlesey">William Whittlesey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Sudbury" title="Simon Sudbury">Simon Sudbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Courtenay" title="William Courtenay">William Courtenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Arundel" title="Thomas Arundel">Thomas Arundel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Walden" title="Roger Walden">Roger Walden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Arundel" title="Thomas Arundel">Thomas Arundel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Chichele" title="Henry Chichele">Henry Chichele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stafford_(bishop)" title="John Stafford (bishop)">John Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kemp" title="John Kemp">John Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bourchier_(cardinal)" title="Thomas Bourchier (cardinal)">Thomas Bourchier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morton_(cardinal)" title="John Morton (cardinal)">John Morton</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Langton" title="Thomas Langton">Thomas Langton</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Deane_(archbishop_of_Canterbury)" title="Henry Deane (archbishop of Canterbury)">Henry Deane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Warham" title="William Warham">William Warham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cranmer" title="Thomas Cranmer">Thomas Cranmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Pole" title="Reginald Pole">Reginald Pole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-Reformation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Parker" title="Matthew Parker">Matthew Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Grindal" title="Edmund Grindal">Edmund Grindal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Whitgift" title="John Whitgift">John Whitgift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bancroft" title="Richard Bancroft">Richard Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbot_(bishop)" title="George Abbot (bishop)">George Abbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">William Laud</a></li> <li><i>Episcopacy abolished (<a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Juxon" title="William Juxon">William Juxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Sheldon" title="Gilbert Sheldon">Gilbert Sheldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sancroft" title="William Sancroft">William Sancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tillotson" title="John Tillotson">John Tillotson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tenison" title="Thomas Tenison">Thomas Tenison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wake" title="William Wake">William Wake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Potter_(bishop)" title="John Potter (bishop)">John Potter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Herring" title="Thomas Herring">Thomas Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Hutton_(archbishop_of_Canterbury)" title="Matthew Hutton (archbishop of Canterbury)">Matthew Hutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Secker" title="Thomas Secker">Thomas Secker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Cornwallis" title="Frederick Cornwallis">Frederick Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moore_(archbishop_of_Canterbury)" title="John Moore (archbishop of Canterbury)">John Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manners-Sutton" title="Charles Manners-Sutton">Charles Manners-Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howley" title="William Howley">William Howley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bird_Sumner" title="John Bird Sumner">John Bird Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Longley" title="Charles Longley">Charles Longley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Campbell_Tait" title="Archibald Campbell Tait">Archibald Campbell Tait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_White_Benson" title="Edward White Benson">Edward White Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Temple" title="Frederick Temple">Frederick Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randall_Davidson" title="Randall Davidson">Randall Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmo_Gordon_Lang" title="Cosmo Gordon Lang">Cosmo Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Temple_(bishop)" title="William Temple (bishop)">William Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Fisher" title="Geoffrey Fisher">Geoffrey Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ramsey" title="Michael Ramsey">Michael Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Coggan" title="Donald Coggan">Donald Coggan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Runcie" title="Robert Runcie">Robert Runcie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Carey" title="George Carey">George Carey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowan_Williams" title="Rowan Williams">Rowan Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Welby" title="Justin Welby">Justin Welby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate a person who was elected but not confirmed.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saints_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anglo-Saxon_saints" title="Template:Anglo-Saxon saints"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anglo-Saxon_saints" title="Template talk:Anglo-Saxon saints"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anglo-Saxon_saints" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anglo-Saxon saints"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saints_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Anglo-Saxon_saints" title="List of Anglo-Saxon saints">Saints of Anglo-Saxon England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British / Welsh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Aldate" title="Saint Aldate">Aldate of Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barloc" class="mw-redirect" title="Barloc">Barloc of Norbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brannoc_of_Braunton" title="Brannoc of Braunton">Brannoc of Braunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branwalator" title="Branwalator">Branwalator of Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credan" title="Credan">Credan of Evesham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congar_of_Congresbury" title="Congar of Congresbury">Congar of Congresbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dachuna" title="Dachuna">Dachuna of Bodmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decuman" title="Decuman">Decuman of Watchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfin_of_Warrington" title="Elfin of Warrington">Elfin of Warrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivo_of_Ramsey" title="Ivo of Ramsey">Ivo of Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judoc" title="Judoc">Judoc of Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melor" title="Melor">Melorius of Amesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nectan_of_Hartland" title="Nectan of Hartland">Nectan of Hartland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Neot_(monk)" title="Saint Neot (monk)">Neot of Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Patrick of Glastonbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumon" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumon">Rumon of Tavistock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samson_of_Dol" title="Samson of Dol">Samson of Dol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sativola" class="mw-redirect" title="Sativola">Sativola of Exeter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Anglian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelberht_II_of_East_Anglia" title="Æthelberht II of East Anglia">Æthelberht of East Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelburh_of_Faremoutiers" title="Æthelburh of Faremoutiers">Æthelburh of Faremoutiers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86thelfl%C3%A6d_of_Ramsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Æthelflæd of Ramsey (page does not exist)">Æthelflæd of Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelthryth" title="Æthelthryth">Æthelthryth of Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwine_of_Lindsey" title="Æthelwine of Lindsey">Æthelwine of Lindsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adulf" title="Adulf">Athwulf of Thorney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Blida" title="Saint Blida">Blida of Martham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botwulf_of_Thorney" class="mw-redirect" title="Botwulf of Thorney">Botwulf of Thorney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cissa_of_Crowland" title="Cissa of Crowland">Cissa of Crowland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuthbald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuthbald (page does not exist)">Cuthbald of Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_the_Martyr" title="Edmund the Martyr">Eadmund of East Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadnoth_the_Younger" title="Eadnoth the Younger">Eadnoth of Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guthlac_of_Crowland" title="Guthlac of Crowland">Guthlac of Crowland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefrith_of_Thorney" class="mw-redirect" title="Herefrith of Thorney">Herefrith of Thorney</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiurmine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiurmine (page does not exist)">Hiurmine of Blythburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huna_of_Thorney" title="Huna of Thorney">Huna of Thorney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pega" title="Pega">Pega of Peakirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaxburh_of_Ely" title="Seaxburh of Ely">Seaxburh of Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigeberht_of_East_Anglia" title="Sigeberht of East Anglia">Sigeberht of East Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martyrs_of_Thorney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martyrs of Thorney (page does not exist)">Tancred of Thorney</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martyrs_of_Thorney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martyrs of Thorney (page does not exist)">Torthred of Thorney</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martyrs_of_Thorney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martyrs of Thorney (page does not exist)">Tova of Thorney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Walstan" title="Saint Walstan">Walstan of Bawburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendreda" title="Wendreda">Wendreda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wihtburh" title="Wihtburh">Wihtburh of Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfric_of_Holme" title="Wulfric of Holme">Wulfric of Holme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Saxon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelburh_of_Barking" title="Æthelburh of Barking">Æthelburh of Barking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildelith" title="Hildelith">Hildelith of Barking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osgyth" title="Osgyth">Osgyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A6bbi_of_Essex" title="Sæbbi of Essex">Sæbbi of London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frisian, <br />Frankish<br /> and Old Saxon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balthild_of_Romsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balthild of Romsey (page does not exist)">Balthild of Romsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_of_Kent" title="Bertha of Kent">Bertha of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_of_Burgundy" title="Felix of Burgundy">Felix of Dommoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helier" title="Helier">Helier of Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimbald" title="Grimbald">Grimbald of St Bertin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monegunda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monegunda (page does not exist)">Monegunda of Watton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odwulf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odwulf (page does not exist)">Odwulf of Evesham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfram_of_Sens" title="Wulfram of Sens">Wulfram of Grantham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Irish and Scottish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aidan_of_Lindisfarne" title="Aidan of Lindisfarne">Aidan of Lindisfarne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boisil" title="Boisil">Boisil of Melrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echa_of_Crayke" class="mw-redirect" title="Echa of Crayke">Echa of Crayke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ultan_the_Scribe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ultan the Scribe (page does not exist)">Ultan the Scribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indract_of_Glastonbury" title="Indract of Glastonbury">Indract of Glastonbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1el_Dub" title="Máel Dub">Maildub of Malmesbury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kentish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domne_Eafe" title="Domne Eafe">Æbbe of Thanet (Domne Eafe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelberht_of_Kent" title="Æthelberht of Kent">Æthelberht of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelburh_of_Kent" title="Æthelburh of Kent">Æthelburh of Kent </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred_and_%C3%86thelberht" title="Æthelred and Æthelberht">Æthelred of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albinus_(abbot)" title="Albinus (abbot)">Albinus of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berhtwald" title="Berhtwald">Berhtwald of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deusdedit_of_Canterbury" title="Deusdedit of Canterbury">Deusdedit of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edburga_of_Minster-in-Thanet" title="Edburga of Minster-in-Thanet">Edburga of Minster-in-Thanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eanswith" title="Eanswith">Eanswith of Folkestone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eormengyth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eormengyth (page does not exist)">Eormengyth of Thanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildrith" title="Mildrith">Mildrith of Thanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nothhelm" title="Nothhelm">Nothhelm of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigeburh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigeburh (page does not exist)">Sigeburh of Thanet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mercian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfnoth_of_Stowe" title="Ælfnoth of Stowe">Ælfnoth of Stowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfthryth_of_Crowland" title="Ælfthryth of Crowland">Ælfthryth of Crowland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86thelberht_of_Bedford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Æthelberht of Bedford (page does not exist)">Æthelberht of Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelmod_of_Leominster" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelmod of Leominster">Æthelmod of Leominster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred_of_Mercia" title="Æthelred of Mercia">Æthelred of Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86thelwynn_of_Sodbury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Æthelwynn of Sodbury (page does not exist)">Æthelwynn of Sodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldwyn_of_Coln" title="Aldwyn of Coln">Aldwyn of Coln</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beonna_of_Breedon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beonna of Breedon (page does not exist)">Beonna of Breedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beorhthelm_of_Stafford" title="Beorhthelm of Stafford">Beorhthelm of Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coenwulf_of_Mercia" title="Coenwulf of Mercia">Coenwulf of Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cotta_of_Breedon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cotta of Breedon (page does not exist)">Cotta of Breedon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Credan_of_Evesham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Credan of Evesham (page does not exist)">Credan of Evesham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyneburga,_Kyneswide_and_Tibba" title="Kyneburga, Kyneswide and Tibba">Cyneburh of Castor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyneburh_of_Gloucester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyneburh of Gloucester (page does not exist)">Cyneburh of Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kenelm" title="Saint Kenelm">Cynehelm of Winchcombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyneswith" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyneswith">Cyneswith of Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadburh_of_Bicester" title="Eadburh of Bicester">Eadburh of Bicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadburh_of_Pershore" class="mw-redirect" title="Eadburh of Pershore">Eadburh of Pershore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eadburh_of_Southwell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eadburh of Southwell (page does not exist)">Eadburh of Southwell </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadgyth_of_Aylesbury" title="Eadgyth of Aylesbury">Eadgyth of Aylesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eadweard_of_Maugersbury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eadweard of Maugersbury (page does not exist)">Eadweard of Maugersbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealdgyth_of_Stortford" class="mw-redirect" title="Ealdgyth of Stortford">Ealdgyth of Stortford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earconwald" title="Earconwald">Earconwald of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egwin_of_Evesham" title="Egwin of Evesham">Egwin of Evesham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freomund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freomund (page does not exist)">Freomund of Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frithuric" class="mw-redirect" title="Frithuric">Frithuric of Breedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frithuswith" title="Frithuswith">Frithuswith of Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frithuwold_of_Chertsey" title="Frithuwold of Chertsey">Frithuwold of Chertsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A6mma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hæmma (page does not exist)">Hæmma of Leominster</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merefin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merefin (page does not exist)">Merefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildburh" title="Mildburh">Mildburh of Wenlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildgyth" title="Mildgyth">Mildgyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildrith" title="Mildrith">Mildrith of Thanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milred" title="Milred">Milred of Worcester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oda_of_Canterbury" title="Oda of Canterbury">Oda of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_of_Worcester" title="Oswald of Worcester">Oswald of Worcester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osburh_of_Coventry" title="Osburh of Coventry">Osburh of Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regenhere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regenhere (page does not exist)">Regenhere of Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumbold_of_Buckingham" title="Rumbold of Buckingham">Rumbold of Buckingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyneburga,_Kyneswide_and_Tibba" title="Kyneburga, Kyneswide and Tibba">Tibba of Ryhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werburgh" title="Werburgh">Werburgh of Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%A6rstan" title="Wærstan">Wærstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigstan" title="Wigstan">Wigstan of Repton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wulfhild_of_Barking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wulfhild of Barking (page does not exist)">Wulfhild of Barking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northumbrian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acca_of_Hexham" title="Acca of Hexham">Acca of Hexham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86bbe_of_Coldingham" title="Æbbe of Coldingham">Æbbe "the Elder" of Coldingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86bbe_the_Younger" title="Æbbe the Younger">Æbbe "the Younger" of Coldingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lffl%C3%A6d_of_Whitby" title="Ælfflæd of Whitby">Ælfflæd of Whitby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfwald_I_of_Northumbria" title="Ælfwald I of Northumbria">Ælfwald of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86thelburh_of_Hackness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Æthelburh of Hackness (page does not exist)">Æthelburh of Hackness</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86thelgyth_of_Coldingham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Æthelgyth of Coldingham (page does not exist)">Æthelgyth of Coldingham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86thelsige_of_Ripon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Æthelsige of Ripon (page does not exist)">Æthelsige of Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwold_(hermit)" title="Æthelwold (hermit)">Æthelwold of Farne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwold_(bishop_of_Lindisfarne)" title="Æthelwold (bishop of Lindisfarne)">Æthelwold of Lindisfarne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchhild_of_Middleham" class="mw-redirect" title="Alchhild of Middleham">Alchhild of Middleham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchmund_of_Hexham" title="Alchmund of Hexham">Alchmund of Hexham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkmund_of_Derby" title="Alkmund of Derby">Alkmund of Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldred_of_Tyninghame" title="Baldred of Tyninghame">Balthere of Tyningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Beda of Jarrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Bega" title="Saint Bega">Bega of Copeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Biscop" title="Benedict Biscop">Benedict Biscop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bercthun" title="Bercthun">Bercthun of Beverley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billfrith" title="Billfrith">Billfrith of Lindisfarne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosa_of_York" title="Bosa of York">Bosa of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botwine" title="Botwine">Botwine of Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_of_Mercia" title="Chad of Mercia">Ceadda of Lichfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedd" title="Cedd">Cedd of Lichfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceolfrith" title="Ceolfrith">Ceolfrith of Monkwearmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceolwulf_of_Northumbria" title="Ceolwulf of Northumbria">Ceolwulf of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuthbert" title="Cuthbert">Cuthbert of Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dryhthelm" title="Dryhthelm">Dryhthelm of Melrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadberht_of_Lindisfarne" title="Eadberht of Lindisfarne">Eadberht of Lindisfarne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadfrith_of_Leominster" title="Eadfrith of Leominster">Eadfrith of Leominster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadfrith_of_Lindisfarne" title="Eadfrith of Lindisfarne">Eadfrith of Lindisfarne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_of_Northumbria" title="Edwin of Northumbria">Eadwine of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealdberht_of_Ripon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ealdberht of Ripon">Ealdberht of Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Eanmund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Eanmund (page does not exist)">Eanmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eardwulf_of_Northumbria" title="Eardwulf of Northumbria">Eardwulf of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eata_of_Hexham" title="Eata of Hexham">Eata of Hexham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecgberht_of_Ripon" title="Ecgberht of Ripon">Ecgberht of Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eoda (page does not exist)">Eoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eosterwine" title="Eosterwine">Eosterwine of Monkwearmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilda_of_Whitby" title="Hilda of Whitby">Hilda of Whitby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyglac" title="Hyglac">Hyglac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwig" title="Iwig">Iwig of Wilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Beverley" title="John of Beverley">John of Beverley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osana" title="Osana">Osana of Howden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osthryth" title="Osthryth">Osthryth of Bardney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_of_Northumbria" title="Oswald of Northumbria">Oswald of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswine_of_Deira" title="Oswine of Deira">Oswine of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicgred" class="mw-redirect" title="Sicgred">Sicgred of Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigfrith" title="Sigfrith">Sigfrith of Monkwearmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatberht" title="Tatberht">Tatberht of Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wihtberht" title="Wihtberht">Wihtberht of Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid" title="Wilfrid">Wilfrith of Hexham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_II_(bishop_of_York)" title="Wilfrid II (bishop of York)">Wilfrith II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilgils" title="Wilgils">Wilgils of Ripon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firmin_of_North_Crawley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Firmin of North Crawley (page does not exist)">Firmin of North Crawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birinus" title="Birinus">Birinus of Dorchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Blaise" title="Saint Blaise">Blaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentius_of_Peterborough" title="Florentius of Peterborough">Florentius of Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_of_Canterbury" title="Adrian of Canterbury">Hadrian of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorius_of_Canterbury" title="Honorius of Canterbury">Honorius of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Deacon" title="James the Deacon">James the Deacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justus" title="Justus">Justus of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_of_Canterbury" title="Laurence of Canterbury">Laurence of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellitus" title="Mellitus">Mellitus of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulinus_of_York" title="Paulinus of York">Paulinus of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Canterbury" title="Peter of Canterbury">Peter of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_of_Tarsus" title="Theodore of Tarsus">Theodore of Canterbury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Saxon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuthfl%C3%A6d" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuthflæd">Cuthflæd of Lyminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuthmann_of_Steyning" title="Cuthmann of Steyning">Cuthmann of Steyning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewina" title="Lewina">Lewina of Bishopstone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West Saxon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfgar_of_Selwood" title="Ælfgar of Selwood">Ælfgar of Selwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfgifu_of_Exeter" title="Ælfgifu of Exeter">Ælfgifu of Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfgifu_of_Shaftesbury" title="Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury">Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfheah_of_Canterbury" title="Ælfheah of Canterbury">Ælfheah of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfheah_the_Bald" title="Ælfheah the Bald">Ælfheah of Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelfl%C3%A6d_of_Romsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelflæd of Romsey">Æthelflæd of Romsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelgar" title="Æthelgar">Æthelgar of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelnoth_(archbishop_of_Canterbury)" title="Æthelnoth (archbishop of Canterbury)">Æthelnoth of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwine_of_Athelney" title="Æthelwine of Athelney">Æthelwine of Athelney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwold_of_Winchester" title="Æthelwold of Winchester">Æthelwold of Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldhelm" title="Aldhelm">Aldhelm of Sherborne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benignus_of_Glastonbury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benignus of Glastonbury (page does not exist)">Benignus of Glastonbury</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beocca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beocca (page does not exist)">Beocca of Chertsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beorhthelm_of_Shaftesbury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beorhthelm of Shaftesbury (page does not exist)">Beorhthelm of Shaftesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beornstan_of_Winchester" title="Beornstan of Winchester">Beornstan of Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beornwald" class="mw-redirect" title="Beornwald">Beornwald of Bampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centwine_of_Wessex" title="Centwine of Wessex">Centwine of Wessex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuthburh" title="Cuthburh">Cuthburh of Wimborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cwenburh" title="Cwenburh">Cwenburh of Wimborne</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dunstan of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadburh_of_Winchester" title="Eadburh of Winchester">Eadburh of Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_the_Peaceful" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar the Peaceful">Eadgar of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_of_Polesworth" title="Edith of Polesworth">Eadgyth of Polesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_of_Wilton" title="Edith of Wilton">Eadgyth of Wilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Eadweard the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Martyr" title="Edward the Martyr">Eadweard the Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadwold_of_Cerne" title="Eadwold of Cerne">Eadwold of Cerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earmund" class="mw-redirect" title="Earmund">Earmund of Stoke Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edor" class="mw-redirect" title="Edor">Edor of Chertsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everilda" title="Everilda">Evorhilda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frithestan" title="Frithestan">Frithestan of Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A6dde" title="Hædde">Hædde of Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humbert_of_Stokenham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humbert of Stokenham (page does not exist)">Humbert of Stokenham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hwita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hwita (page does not exist)">Hwita of Whitchurch Canonicorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A6rwynn" title="Mærwynn">Mærwynn of Romsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland" title="Saint Margaret of Scotland">Margaret of Dunfermline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swithun" title="Swithun">Swithhun of Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfsige_of_Sherborne" title="Wulfsige of Sherborne">Wulfsige of Sherborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfthryth_of_Wilton" title="Wulfthryth of Wilton">Wulfthryth of Wilton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unclear origin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arilda_of_Oldbury" title="Arilda of Oldbury">Arilda of Oldbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juthwara" title="Juthwara">Juthwara of Sherbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumbold_of_Mechlin" title="Rumbold of Mechlin">Rumbold of Mechlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urith" title="Urith">Urith of Chittlehampton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/21px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/42px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/21px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/42px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/21px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/42px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332130#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332130#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332130#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000120303066">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/88956220">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/140098/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJr83wkwQHcVCGPPv3vGpP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118947931">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84107779">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12551823f">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12551823f">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35723790">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4772490">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073342017">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/tr57750c1kqfp2r">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9813158959705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/20476">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007277796105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA07521941?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/45c79135-3b84-4a5e-bc5e-b9efd21ac955">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1058989">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118947931.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118947931">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/029814944">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6fv2cs3">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dunstan&oldid=1253511363">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dunstan&oldid=1253511363</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:900s_births" title="Category:900s births">900s 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