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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Princess María Teresa of Bourbon-Parma</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Марыя Тэрэза Бурбон-Пармская – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Марыя Тэрэза Бурбон-Пармская" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Teresa_de_Borb%C3%B3_i_Parma" title="Maria Teresa de Borbó i Parma – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Maria Teresa de Borbó i Parma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_Bourbonsko-Parmsk%C3%A1" title="María Teresa Bourbonsko-Parmská – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="María Teresa Bourbonsko-Parmská" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_de_Borb%C3%B3n-Parma" title="María Teresa de Borbón-Parma – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="María Teresa de Borbón-Parma" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%98%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B2%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD-%CE%A0%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Μαρία Θηρεσία των Βουρβόνων-Πάρμας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαρία Θηρεσία των Βουρβόνων-Πάρμας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_de_Borb%C3%B3n-Parma" title="María Teresa de Borbón-Parma – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="María Teresa de Borbón-Parma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_de_Bourbon-Parme" title="Marie-Thérèse de Bourbon-Parme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marie-Thérèse de Bourbon-Parme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%ED%85%8C%EB%A0%88%EC%82%AC_%EB%8D%B0_%EB%B3%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%B3%B8%ED%8C%8C%EB%A5%B4%EB%A7%88" title="마리아 테레사 데 보르본파르마 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마리아 테레사 데 보르본파르마" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Teresa_di_Borbone-Parma" title="Maria Teresa di Borbone-Parma – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Maria Teresa di Borbone-Parma" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%94,_%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%94" title="מריה תרזה, נסיכת בורבון-פארמה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מריה תרזה, נסיכת בורבון-פארמה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Teresa_van_Bourbon-Parma" title="Maria Teresa van Bourbon-Parma – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maria Teresa van Bourbon-Parma" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%83%86%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9C%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%91%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E" title="マリア・テレサ・デ・ボルボン＝パルマ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マリア・テレサ・デ・ボルボン＝パルマ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_de_Borb%C3%B3n-Parma" title="María Teresa de Borbón-Parma – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="María Teresa de Borbón-Parma" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_de_Bourbon-Parma" title="María Teresa de Bourbon-Parma – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="María Teresa de Bourbon-Parma" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Мария Тереза Бурбон-Пармская – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мария Тереза Бурбон-Пармская" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Princess María Teresa of Bourbon-Parma – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Princess María Teresa of Bourbon-Parma" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_de_Borb%C3%B3n_Parma" title="María Teresa de Borbón Parma – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="María Teresa de Borbón Parma" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%87-%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="เจ้าหญิงมาเรีย เทเรซาแห่งบูร์บง-ปาร์มา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เจ้าหญิงมาเรีย เทเรซาแห่งบูร์บง-ปาร์มา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_(Bourbon-Parma_prensesi)" title="María Teresa (Bourbon-Parma prensesi) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="María Teresa (Bourbon-Parma prensesi)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Марія Тереза Бурбон-Пармська – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Марія Тереза Бурбон-Пармська" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_de_Borb%C3%B3n-Parma" title="María Teresa de Borbón-Parma – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="María Teresa de Borbón-Parma" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E8%95%BE%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E6%97%81-%E5%B8%95%E5%B0%94%E9%A9%AC" title="玛丽亚·特蕾莎·德·波旁-帕尔马 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="玛丽亚·特蕾莎·德·波旁-帕尔马" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q55998474#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French-Spanish political activist and academic (1933–2020)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Princess Marie-Thérèse</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:HRH_Princess_Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Bourbon-Parma_in_1964_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/HRH_Princess_Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Bourbon-Parma_in_1964_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-HRH_Princess_Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Bourbon-Parma_in_1964_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/HRH_Princess_Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Bourbon-Parma_in_1964_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-HRH_Princess_Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Bourbon-Parma_in_1964_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/HRH_Princess_Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Bourbon-Parma_in_1964_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-HRH_Princess_Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Bourbon-Parma_in_1964_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1079" data-file-height="1494" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Marie-Thérèse in February 1964</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1933-07-28</span>)</span>28 July 1933<br />Paris, <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">French Third Republic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">26 March 2020<span style="display:none">(2020-03-26)</span> (aged 86)<br /><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4pital_Cochin" title="Hôpital Cochin">Hôpital Cochin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France<sup id="cite_ref-infobae_20200327_tenia_coronavirus_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infobae_20200327_tenia_coronavirus-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Santa_Maria_della_Steccata" title="Sanctuary of Santa Maria della Steccata">Sanctuary of Santa Maria della Steccata</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">French: <i>Marie-Thérèse Cécile Zita Charlotte de Bourbon-Parme</i><br />Spanish: <i>María Teresa Cecilia Zita Carlota de Borbón-Parma</i></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="House of Bourbon-Parma">Bourbon-Parma</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Xavier_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma">Prince Xavier, Duke of Parma and Piacenza</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_de_Bourbon-Busset" title="Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset">Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Professor</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Princess Marie-Thérèse of Bourbon-Parma</b> (Spanish: <i>María Teresa de Borbón-Parma</i>, French: <i>Marie-Thérèse de Bourbon-Parme</i>; 28 July 1933 – 26 March 2020) was a French-Spanish political activist and academic. She was a member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="House of Bourbon-Parma">House of Bourbon-Parma</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Cadet_branch" title="Cadet branch">cadet branch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_royal_family" title="Spanish royal family">Spanish royal family</a>. She was a socialist activist, earning the nickname <b>Red Princess</b>, and a <a href="/wiki/Monarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchist">monarchist</a> who supported the <a href="/wiki/Carlism" title="Carlism">Carlist</a> movement. She is the first royal known to have died of <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">COVID-19</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_of_Bourbon-Parma&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Princess Marie Thérèse was born on 28 July 1933 in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Prince_Xavier_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma">Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma, Duke of Parma and Piacenza</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Carlist" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlist">Carlist</a> claimant to the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_throne" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish throne">Spanish throne</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Madeleine_de_Bourbon-Busset" title="Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset">Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset</a>, a member of a <a href="/wiki/Cadet_branch" title="Cadet branch">cadet branch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> She was the younger sister of <a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Fran%C3%A7oise_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Princess Marie Françoise of Bourbon-Parma">Princess Marie Françoise</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Hugo,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma">Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma</a>, and an older sister of <a href="/wiki/Princess_C%C3%A9cile_Marie_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Princess Cécile Marie of Bourbon-Parma">Princess Cécile Marie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_des_Neiges_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Princess Marie des Neiges of Bourbon-Parma">Princess Marie des Neiges</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Sixtus_Henry_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Prince Sixtus Henry of Bourbon-Parma">Prince Sixtus Henry, Duke of Aranjuez</a>. She was a niece of <a href="/wiki/Zita_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Zita of Bourbon-Parma">Zita of Bourbon-Parma</a>, the last Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary and Bohemia.<sup id="cite_ref-lamontagne_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lamontagne-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chateau_du_Bostz_Besson_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Chateau_du_Bostz_Besson_02.jpg/250px-Chateau_du_Bostz_Besson_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Chateau_du_Bostz_Besson_02.jpg/375px-Chateau_du_Bostz_Besson_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Chateau_du_Bostz_Besson_02.jpg/500px-Chateau_du_Bostz_Besson_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Chateau du Bostz, Princess María Teresa's childhood home</figcaption></figure> <p>She grew up at the Chateau du Bostz, <a href="/wiki/Besson,_Allier" title="Besson, Allier">Besson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bourbonnais" title="Bourbonnais">Bourbonnais</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lamontagne_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lamontagne-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having attended middle school in <a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Launet_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Launet-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Quebec City,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she went on to obtain a doctorate in <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic studies">Hispanic studies</a> from <a href="/wiki/Paris-Sorbonne_University" title="Paris-Sorbonne University">Paris-Sorbonne University</a> and another doctorate in political sociology from the <a href="/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid" title="Complutense University of Madrid">Complutense University of Madrid</a>. She also studied Islam and how it related to women's rights.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her 1977 thesis at the Sorbonne was entitled "La clarificación ideológica del Carlismo contemporáneo" ("Ideological clarification of contemporary Carlism").<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_and_activism">Career and activism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_of_Bourbon-Parma&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career and activism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marie-Thérèse was a professor at both of her alma maters.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was also a socialist activist and fought for women's rights.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marie-Thérèse supported her brother <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Hugo,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma">Carlos Hugo</a> in his fight to make the <a href="/wiki/Carlist_Party_(1970)" title="Carlist Party (1970)">Spanish Carlist party</a> more liberal, supporting an ideological shift in her family's Carlism.<sup id="cite_ref-EPobit_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPobit-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her royal roots and liberal socialist views attracted many personalities, leading her to meet <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Malraux" title="André Malraux">André Malraux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a>, and earned her the nickname of "Red Princess".<sup id="cite_ref-Launet_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Launet-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This nickname was used as the (Spanish) title of a 2002 biography of María Teresa written by historian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josep_Carles_Clemente&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josep Carles Clemente (page does not exist)">Josep Carles Clemente</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josep_Carles_Clemente" class="extiw" title="es:Josep Carles Clemente">es</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-EPobit_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPobit-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_of_Bourbon-Parma&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1981, Marie Thérèse acquired Spanish citizenship by <a href="/wiki/Royal_Decree-Law_(Spain)" title="Royal Decree-Law (Spain)">royal decree</a>; the official state bulletin said that it was given "at the request of the interested party and in response to the exceptional circumstances and her belonging to a family so closely linked to Spain".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 1997 interview, Marie Thérèse said that she was Christian, but criticized some Christian attitudes to immigration that sought to create a divide.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marie Thérèse never married,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had no children.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the aunt of <a href="/wiki/Prince_Carlos,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Prince Carlos, Duke of Parma">Prince Carlos, Duke of Parma</a> and 4th cousin, once removed, of the current <a href="/wiki/King_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Spain">King of Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Felipe VI of Spain">Felipe VI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, she published a history of the Bourbon-Parma family.<sup id="cite_ref-Point_de_Vue_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Point_de_Vue-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 March 2020, Marie Thérèse became the first member of a <a href="/wiki/Royal_family" title="Royal family">royal family</a> known to die of <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">COVID-19</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She died at <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4pital_Cochin" title="Hôpital Cochin">Hôpital Cochin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> at the age of 86.<sup id="cite_ref-infobae_20200327_tenia_coronavirus_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infobae_20200327_tenia_coronavirus-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A memorial service was held in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> on 27 March 2020, presided over by Rev. José Ramón García Gallardo, a priest of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Pius_X" title="Society of Saint Pius X">Society of Saint Pius X</a> and an officer of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Prohibited_Legitimacy" title="Order of Prohibited Legitimacy">Order of Prohibited Legitimacy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second Catholic funeral was held on 2 April 2020 at <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Champs,_Paris" title="Notre-Dame-des-Champs, Paris">Notre-Dame-des-Champs</a> in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her death was announced on the official website of the House of Bourbon-Parma.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her family paid tribute to her involvement "in the struggle for democratization, social justice and freedom in Spain".<sup id="cite_ref-Point_de_Vue_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Point_de_Vue-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marie Thérèse's funeral took place on 27 August 2021 at <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Santa_Maria_della_Steccata" title="Sanctuary of Santa Maria della Steccata">Sanctuary of Santa Maria della Steccata</a> in <a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a>, and was buried there.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The funeral mass held in Parma was attended by <a href="/wiki/Prince_Carlos,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Prince Carlos, Duke of Parma">Prince Carlos Xavier, Duke of Parma and Piacenza</a>; <a href="/wiki/Annemarie,_Duchess_of_Parma" title="Annemarie, Duchess of Parma">Princess Annemarie, Duchess of Parma and Piacenza</a>; <a href="/wiki/Prince_Jaime,_Count_of_Bardi" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Jaime, Count of Bardi">Prince Jaime, Count of Bardi</a>; <a href="/wiki/Princess_Margarita,_Countess_of_Colorno" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Margarita, Countess of Colorno">Princess Margarita, Countess of Colorno</a> with her husband and daughters; <a href="/wiki/Princess_Carolina,_Marchioness_of_Sala" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Carolina, Marchioness of Sala">Princess Maria Carolina, Marchioness of Sala</a> with her husband and children; <a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_des_Neiges_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Princess Marie des Neiges of Bourbon-Parma">Princess Marie des Neiges, Countess of Castillo de la Mota</a>; <a href="/wiki/Princess_C%C3%A9cile_Marie_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Princess Cécile Marie of Bourbon-Parma">Princess Cécile Marie, Countess of Poblet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie-Fran%C3%A7oise_of_Bourbon-Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Marie-Françoise of Bourbon-Parma">Princess Marie-Françoise, Dowager Princess of Lobkowicz</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_of_Bourbon-Parma&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Princess María Teresa of Bourbon-Parma</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="60" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="29"> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;"><a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Charles II, Duke of Parma">Charles II, Duke of Parma</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Charles III, Duke of Parma">Charles III, Duke of Parma</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Teresa_of_Savoy_(1803%E2%80%931879)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Teresa of Savoy (1803–1879)">Princess Maria Teresa of Savoy</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;"><a href="/wiki/Robert_I,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Robert I, Duke of Parma">Robert I, Duke of Parma</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Berry" title="Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry">Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;"><a href="/wiki/Louise_Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Artois" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise Marie Thérèse of Artois">Princess Louise of Artois</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;"><a href="/wiki/Marie-Caroline_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies,_Duchess_of_Berry" title="Marie-Caroline of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Duchess of Berry">Princess Caroline of Naples and Sicily, Duchess of Berry</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Xavier_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma">Xavier, Duke of Parma</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="31" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="30" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;"><a href="/wiki/John_VI_of_Portugal" title="John VI of Portugal">John VI of Portugal</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;"><a href="/wiki/Miguel_I_of_Portugal" title="Miguel I of Portugal">Miguel I of Portugal</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;"><a href="/wiki/Carlota_Joaquina_of_Spain" title="Carlota Joaquina of Spain">Carlota Joaquina of Spain</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;"><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Maria_Antonia_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal">Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;"><a href="/wiki/Constantine,_Hereditary_Prince_of_L%C3%B6wenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg" title="Constantine, Hereditary Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg">Constantine of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;"><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_L%C3%B6wenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg" title="Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg">Princess Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Agnes_of_Hohenlohe-Langenburg" title="Princess Agnes of Hohenlohe-Langenburg">Princess Agnes of Hohenlohe-Langenburg</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;"><b>Maria Teresa of Bourbon-Parma</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="15"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="60" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="31" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="30" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">Eugène de Bourbon-Busset, comte de Lignières</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">Henri de Bourbon, comte de Lignières</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">Idalie de Calonne de Courtebonne</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">Georges de Bourbon, comte de Lignières</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">Adrien de Mailly, marquis de Nesle</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">Adrienne de Mailly de Nesle</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">Eugénie Henriette de Lonlay</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;"><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_de_Bourbon-Busset" title="Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset">Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="29"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">Charles-Fidèle de Kerret, vicomte de Quillien</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">René de Kerret, vicomte de Quillien</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">Marie Marguerite Lefebvre de La Faluère</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">Marie Jeanne de Kerret de Quillien</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">Claude Joseph Gautier</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">Marie Léonie Gautier</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">Claudine Benoîte Vespre</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_of_Bourbon-Parma&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Parma.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Parma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Parma.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Parma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Parma.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Parma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Parma">Duchy of Parma</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sacro_Militare_Ordine_Costantiniano_di_San_Giorgio.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Sacro_Militare_Ordine_Costantiniano_di_San_Giorgio.png/70px-Sacro_Militare_Ordine_Costantiniano_di_San_Giorgio.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Sacro_Militare_Ordine_Costantiniano_di_San_Giorgio.png/105px-Sacro_Militare_Ordine_Costantiniano_di_San_Giorgio.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Sacro_Militare_Ordine_Costantiniano_di_San_Giorgio.png/140px-Sacro_Militare_Ordine_Costantiniano_di_San_Giorgio.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="93" /></a></span> Senator Grand Cross with necklace of the <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Military_Constantinian_Order_of_Saint_George" title="Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George">Angelic Imperial Holy Constantinian Order of St. George</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Saint_Louis_(Parma)_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Order_of_Saint_Louis_%28Parma%29_ribbon.svg/70px-Order_of_Saint_Louis_%28Parma%29_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Order_of_Saint_Louis_%28Parma%29_ribbon.svg/105px-Order_of_Saint_Louis_%28Parma%29_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Order_of_Saint_Louis_%28Parma%29_ribbon.svg/140px-Order_of_Saint_Louis_%28Parma%29_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1718" data-file-height="469" /></a></span> Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Template:Orders_of_Italian_States_before_unification" title="Template:Orders of Italian States before unification">Ducal Royal Order of Saint Louis</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carlist_Order_of_Prohibited_Legitimacy_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Carlist_Order_of_Prohibited_Legitimacy_ribbon.svg/70px-Carlist_Order_of_Prohibited_Legitimacy_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Carlist_Order_of_Prohibited_Legitimacy_ribbon.svg/105px-Carlist_Order_of_Prohibited_Legitimacy_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Carlist_Order_of_Prohibited_Legitimacy_ribbon.svg/140px-Carlist_Order_of_Prohibited_Legitimacy_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="988" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Prohibited_Legitimacy" title="Order of Prohibited Legitimacy">Order of Prohibited Legitimacy</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_of_Bourbon-Parma&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Elisabeth_Marie_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Elisabeth Marie of Austria">Archduchess Elisabeth Marie of Austria</a>, fellow socialist Royal, nicknamed <i>"the Red Archduchess"</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_of_Bourbon-Parma&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBorbón-Parma1977" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Borbón-Parma, María Teresa de (1977). <i>El momento actual español, cargado de utopía</i> (in Spanish). Editorial Cuadernos para el Diálogo. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788422902164" title="Special:BookSources/9788422902164"><bdi>9788422902164</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+momento+actual+espa%C3%B1ol%2C+cargado+de+utop%C3%ADa&rft.pub=Editorial+Cuadernos+para+el+Di%C3%A1logo&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=9788422902164&rft.aulast=Borb%C3%B3n-Parma&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+of+Bourbon-Parma" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorbón-Parma1979" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Borbón-Parma, María Teresa de (1979). <i>La clarificación ideológica del partido Carlista</i> (in Spanish). BPR Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788485596027" title="Special:BookSources/9788485596027"><bdi>9788485596027</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+clarificaci%C3%B3n+ideol%C3%B3gica+del+partido+Carlista&rft.pub=BPR+Publishers&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=9788485596027&rft.aulast=Borb%C3%B3n-Parma&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+of+Bourbon-Parma" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorbón-Parma1990" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Borbón-Parma, María Teresa de (1990). <i>Cambios en México</i> (in Spanish). Tecnos. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788430918591" title="Special:BookSources/9788430918591"><bdi>9788430918591</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambios+en+M%C3%A9xico&rft.pub=Tecnos&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9788430918591&rft.aulast=Borb%C3%B3n-Parma&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+of+Bourbon-Parma" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorbón-Parma1994" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Borbón-Parma, María Teresa de (1994). <i>Magreb: Nuestro poniente proximo</i> (in Spanish). Ediciones Libertarias. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788476833308" title="Special:BookSources/9788476833308"><bdi>9788476833308</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Magreb%3A+Nuestro+poniente+proximo&rft.pub=Ediciones+Libertarias&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9788476833308&rft.aulast=Borb%C3%B3n-Parma&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+of+Bourbon-Parma" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorbón-Parma1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Borbón-Parma, María Teresa de (1997). <i>Don Javier : una vida al servicio de la libertad</i> (in Spanish). Plaza & Janés Editores. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788401530180" title="Special:BookSources/9788401530180"><bdi>9788401530180</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Don+Javier+%3A+una+vida+al+servicio+de+la+libertad&rft.pub=Plaza+%26+Jan%C3%A9s+Editores&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9788401530180&rft.aulast=Borb%C3%B3n-Parma&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+of+Bourbon-Parma" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorbón-Parma1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Borbón-Parma, María Teresa de (1999). <i>Desde Tánger</i> (in Spanish). Huerga Y Fierro Editores. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788483740774" title="Special:BookSources/9788483740774"><bdi>9788483740774</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Desde+T%C3%A1nger&rft.pub=Huerga+Y+Fierro+Editores&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9788483740774&rft.aulast=Borb%C3%B3n-Parma&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+of+Bourbon-Parma" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorbón-Parma1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Borbón-Parma, María Teresa de (1999). <i>Jardin de Dar Almutamid</i> (in Spanish). L'Or du temps. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789973757685" title="Special:BookSources/9789973757685"><bdi>9789973757685</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jardin+de+Dar+Almutamid&rft.pub=L%27Or+du+temps&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9789973757685&rft.aulast=Borb%C3%B3n-Parma&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+of+Bourbon-Parma" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorbón-Parma2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Borbón-Parma, María Teresa de (2001). <i>La transición desde el frente exterior</i> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788475603001" title="Special:BookSources/9788475603001"><bdi>9788475603001</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+transici%C3%B3n+desde+el+frente+exterior&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9788475603001&rft.aulast=Borb%C3%B3n-Parma&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+of+Bourbon-Parma" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorbón-Parma2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Borbón-Parma, María Teresa de (2009). <i>Así fueron, así son</i> (in Spanish). Planeta. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788408088967" title="Special:BookSources/9788408088967"><bdi>9788408088967</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=As%C3%AD+fueron%2C+as%C3%AD+son&rft.pub=Planeta&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9788408088967&rft.aulast=Borb%C3%B3n-Parma&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+of+Bourbon-Parma" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBourbon-Parme2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bourbon-Parme, S.A.R. Maria Teresa de (2014). <i>Les Bourbon Parme: une famille engagée dans l'histoire</i> (in French). M. de Maule. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782876235557" title="Special:BookSources/9782876235557"><bdi>9782876235557</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Bourbon+Parme%3A+une+famille+engag%C3%A9e+dans+l%27histoire&rft.pub=M.+de+Maule&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9782876235557&rft.aulast=Bourbon-Parme&rft.aufirst=S.A.R.+Maria+Teresa+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+of+Bourbon-Parma" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBourbon-Parme2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bourbon-Parme, S.A.R. Maria Teresa de (2020). <i>Notre patrimoine, c'est le vent de l'histoire: Toute histoire significative est contemporaine</i> (in French). Michel de Maule. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782876237131" title="Special:BookSources/9782876237131"><bdi>9782876237131</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notre+patrimoine%2C+c%27est+le+vent+de+l%27histoire%3A+Toute+histoire+significative+est+contemporaine&rft.pub=Michel+de+Maule&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9782876237131&rft.aulast=Bourbon-Parme&rft.aufirst=S.A.R.+Maria+Teresa+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+of+Bourbon-Parma" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_of_Bourbon-Parma&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-infobae_20200327_tenia_coronavirus-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-infobae_20200327_tenia_coronavirus_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-infobae_20200327_tenia_coronavirus_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_20202020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">De 2020, 27 De Marzo (27 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infobae.com/america/mundo/2020/03/27/murio-maria-teresa-de-borbon-y-parma-prima-del-rey-felipe-vi-de-espana-tenia-coronavirus/">"Murió María Teresa de Borbón y Parma, prima del rey Felipe VI de España: tenía coronavirus"</a>. <i>Infobae</i> (in European Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Infobae&rft.atitle=Muri%C3%B3+Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+de+Borb%C3%B3n+y+Parma%2C+prima+del+rey+Felipe+VI+de+Espa%C3%B1a%3A+ten%C3%ADa+coronavirus&rft.date=2020-03-27&rft.aulast=De+2020&rft.aufirst=27+De+Marzo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobae.com%2Famerica%2Fmundo%2F2020%2F03%2F27%2Fmurio-maria-teresa-de-borbon-y-parma-prima-del-rey-felipe-vi-de-espana-tenia-coronavirus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+of+Bourbon-Parma" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/coronavirus/spanish-princess-first-royal-to-die-from-coronavirus">"A Spanish Princess Is The First Royal To Die From Coronavirus"</a>. <i>Harpers Bazaar</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harpers+Bazaar&rft.atitle=A+Spanish+Princess+Is+The+First+Royal+To+Die+From+Coronavirus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.harpersbazaararabia.com%2Fcoronavirus%2Fspanish-princess-first-royal-to-die-from-coronavirus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+of+Bourbon-Parma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchild2020" class="citation web cs1">Schild, Darcy (28 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200328195016/https://www.businessinsider.sg/royal-death-coronavirus-spain-princess-maria-teresa-borbon-parma-2020-3">"A Spanish princess is the world's first royal to die from the coronavirus, Business Insider - Business Insider Singapore"</a>. <i>www.businessinsider.sg</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.sg/royal-death-coronavirus-spain-princess-maria-teresa-borbon-parma-2020-3">the original</a> on 28 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.businessinsider.sg&rft.atitle=A+Spanish+princess+is+the+world%27s+first+royal+to+die+from+the+coronavirus%2C+Business+Insider+-+Business+Insider+Singapore&rft.date=2020-03-28&rft.aulast=Schild&rft.aufirst=Darcy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.sg%2Froyal-death-coronavirus-spain-princess-maria-teresa-borbon-parma-2020-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+of+Bourbon-Parma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lamontagne-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lamontagne_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lamontagne_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelacou2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Delacou, Antoine (28 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lamontagne.fr/moulins-03000/actualites/elle-avait-passe-son-enfance-au-chateau-de-bostz-a-besson-allier-la-princesse-maria-teresa-de-bourbon-parme-s-est-eteinte_13771245/">"Décès - Elle avait passé son enfance au château de Bostz à Besson (Allier) : la princesse Maria Teresa de Bourbon-Parme s'est éteinte"</a>. <i>www.lamontagne.fr</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lamontagne.fr&rft.atitle=D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s+-+Elle+avait+pass%C3%A9+son+enfance+au+ch%C3%A2teau+de+Bostz+%C3%A0+Besson+%28Allier%29+%3A+la+princesse+Maria+Teresa+de+Bourbon-Parme+s%27est+%C3%A9teinte&rft.date=2020-03-28&rft.aulast=Delacou&rft.aufirst=Antoine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lamontagne.fr%2Fmoulins-03000%2Factualites%2Felle-avait-passe-son-enfance-au-chateau-de-bostz-a-besson-allier-la-princesse-maria-teresa-de-bourbon-parme-s-est-eteinte_13771245%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+of+Bourbon-Parma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Launet-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Launet_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Launet_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaunet2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Launet, Edouard (23 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liberation.fr/planete/2014/07/23/maria-teresa-de-bourbon-parme-princesse-rouge_1069044">"Maria-Teresa de Bourbon Parme. Princesse rouge"</a>. <i>Libération.fr</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lib%C3%A9ration.fr&rft.atitle=Maria-Teresa+de+Bourbon+Parme.+Princesse+rouge&rft.date=2014-07-23&rft.aulast=Launet&rft.aufirst=Edouard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberation.fr%2Fplanete%2F2014%2F07%2F23%2Fmaria-teresa-de-bourbon-parme-princesse-rouge_1069044&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+of+Bourbon-Parma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernier Arcand, Philippe, « Les Bourbon-Parme dans les institutions d’enseignement du Québec », <i>Histoire Québec</i>, 202, p. 24-28 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/hq/2022-v28-n1-hq07421/100332ac/">lire en ligne</a> [archive])</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eonline.com/uk/news/1135494/spanish-princess-becomes-the-first-royal-to-die-of-coronavirus-complications">"Spanish Princess Becomes the First Royal to Die of Coronavirus Complications"</a>. <i>E! News</i>. 28 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.borboneparma.it&rft.atitle=REALE+E+DUCALE+CASA+DI+BORBONE+PARMA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.borboneparma.it%2Findex.php%2Fit%2Fnews-comunicazioni%2F461-reale-e-ducale-casa-di-borbone-parma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+of+Bourbon-Parma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.borboneparma.it/index.php/it/home/famiglia-ducale/s-a-r-principessa-maria-teresa">"S.A.R. 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Principessa Maria Teresa"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=S.A.R.+Principessa+Maria+Teresa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.borboneparma.it%2Findex.php%2Fit%2Fhome%2Ffamiglia-ducale%2Fs-a-r-principessa-maria-teresa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+of+Bourbon-Parma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.borboneparma.it/index.php/it/home/famiglia-ducale/s-a-r-principessa-maria-teresa">"S.A.R. Principessa Maria Teresa"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=S.A.R.+Principessa+Maria+Teresa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.borboneparma.it%2Findex.php%2Fit%2Fhome%2Ffamiglia-ducale%2Fs-a-r-principessa-maria-teresa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+of+Bourbon-Parma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_of_Bourbon-Parma&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClemente2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Clemente, Josep Carles (2002). <i>La Princesa Roja</i> [<i>The Red Princess</i>] (in Spanish). Ediciones Martínez Roca. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788427027930" title="Special:BookSources/9788427027930"><bdi>9788427027930</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Princesa+Roja&rft.pub=Ediciones+Mart%C3%ADnez+Roca&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9788427027930&rft.aulast=Clemente&rft.aufirst=Josep+Carles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Mar%C3%ADa+Teresa+of+Bourbon-Parma" class="Z3988"></span> (Biography)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_of_Bourbon-Parma&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princesses_of_Parma_by_birth" title="Template:Princesses of Parma by birth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princesses_of_Parma_by_birth" title="Template talk:Princesses of Parma by birth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princesses_of_Parma_by_birth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princesses of Parma by birth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Princesses_of_Parma_by_birth" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Princesses of Parma by birth</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Vittoria_Farnese,_Duchess_of_Urbino" title="Vittoria Farnese, Duchess of Urbino">Vittoria, Duchess of Urbino</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margherita_Farnese" title="Margherita Farnese">Margherita, Hereditary Princess of Mantua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Caterina_Farnese" title="Maria Caterina Farnese">Maria Caterina, Duchess of Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittoria_Farnese" title="Vittoria Farnese">Vittoria, Duchess of Modena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margherita_Maria_Farnese" title="Margherita Maria Farnese">Margherita Maria, Duchess of Modena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Farnese" title="Elisabeth Farnese">Elisabeth, Queen of Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Isabella_of_Parma" title="Princess Isabella of Parma">Isabella, Archduchess of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Luisa_of_Parma" title="Maria Luisa of Parma">Maria Luisa, Queen of Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Carolina_of_Parma" title="Princess Carolina of Parma">Carolina, Princess Maximilian of Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Antonia_of_Parma" title="Princess Maria Antonia of Parma">Princess Maria Antonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Carlotta_of_Parma" title="Princess Maria Carlotta of Parma">Princess Maria Carlotta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Luisa_Carlota_of_Parma" title="Princess Maria Luisa Carlota of Parma">Maria Luisa Carlota, Crown Princess of Saxony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margherita_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Princess Margherita of Bourbon-Parma">Margherita, Duchess of Madrid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Louise_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Princess Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma">Marie Louise, Princess of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zita_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Zita of Bourbon-Parma">Zita, Empress of Austria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Alicia,_Duchess_of_Calabria" title="Infanta Alicia, Duchess of Calabria">Alicia, Duchess of Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Fran%C3%A7oise_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Princess Marie Françoise of Bourbon-Parma">Marie Françoise, Princess Edouard de Lobkowicz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Princess Marie Thérèse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_des_Neiges_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Princess Marie des Neiges of Bourbon-Parma">Princess Marie des Neiges, Countess of Castillo de la Mota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_C%C3%A9cile_Marie_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Princess Cécile Marie of Bourbon-Parma">Princess Cécile Marie, Countess of Poblet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Romania" title="Anne of Romania">Anne, Queen of Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Diana_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Princess Diana of Bourbon-Parma">Diane, Princess Franz of Hohenzollern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Elisabeth_of_Luxembourg_(1922%E2%80%932011)" title="Princess Elisabeth of Luxembourg (1922–2011)">Elisabeth, Duchess of Hohenberg</a>*^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Adelaide_of_Luxembourg" title="Princess Marie Adelaide of Luxembourg">Marie-Adélaïde, Countess Henckel of Donnersmarck</a>*^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Gabrielle_of_Luxembourg" title="Princess Marie Gabrielle of Luxembourg">Marie Gabrielle, Countess af Holstein-Ledreborg</a>*^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Alix_of_Luxembourg" title="Princess Alix of Luxembourg">Alix, Princess of Ligne</a>*^</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margarita_de_Bourbon_de_Parme" title="Princess Margarita de Bourbon de Parme">Princess Margarita, Countess of Colorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Carolina_de_Bourbon_de_Parme" title="Princess Carolina de Bourbon de Parme">Princess Carolina, Marchioness of Sala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Tania_de_Bourbon_Parme" title="Princess Tania de Bourbon Parme">Princess Tania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Marie-Astrid_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Marie-Astrid of Austria">Archduchess Marie-Astrid of Austria</a>*^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaretha_of_Liechtenstein" title="Princess Margaretha of Liechtenstein">Princess Margaretha of Liechtenstein</a>*^</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>*</small></sup><i>also <a href="/wiki/Template:Princesses_of_Luxembourg_by_birth" title="Template:Princesses of Luxembourg by birth">princess of Luxembourg by birth</a></i></li> <li><sup><small>^</small></sup><i>also <a href="/wiki/Template:Princesses_of_Nassau_by_birth" title="Template:Princesses of Nassau by birth">princess of Nassau by birth</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output 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.portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/21px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/42px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/21px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/32px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/42px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Spain</a></li></ul></div> <div 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control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55998474#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000116501190">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/57676127">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/258177/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJht6MY74wpkGVDhVVYpT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/128858567">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n89655308">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12774763w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12774763w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo2013760809&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1724391">Spain</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA17814651?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/073264199">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Princess_María_Teresa_of_Bourbon-Parma&oldid=1239652740">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Princess_María_Teresa_of_Bourbon-Parma&oldid=1239652740</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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