CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=7YQSqjSh" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/1997_articles/aug97/korgz1.html","20150609005952","https://web.archive.org/","web","https://web-static.archive.org/_static/", "1433811592"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=p7PEIJWi" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <title>Korg Z1</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow"/> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="ZgcdC6tZvLIVyARZf6E2d-dtVvTPA0mmwn-veNGn7vs"/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/https://plus.google.com/113390682839606520381" rel="publisher"/> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952js_/http://media.soundonsound.com/include/combined.js?T"></script> <link rel="icon" href="/web/20150609005952im_/http://www.soundonsound.com/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/web/20150609005952im_/http://www.soundonsound.com/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/> <meta name="keywords" content="korg, z1, polyphonic, physical, modelling, synth, synthesizer, preview"/> <meta name="description" content="Korg's mission to bring musicians the benefits of physical modelling synthesis at an affordable price continues; you can now have a polyphonic, multitimbral Prophecy for well under twice the price of the original. The synth is called the Z1, and Gordon Reid is the man with the exclusive technical preview..."/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952cs_/http://media.soundonsound.com/styles/highslide.css"/> <script language="Javascript">  </script> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952cs_/http://media.soundonsound.com/styles/common_sos.css?f" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952cs_/http://media.soundonsound.com/styles/sos.css?f" rel="stylesheet" methods="text/css" type="text/css"> <script type="text/javascript"> var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; (function() { var gads = document.createElement("script"); gads.async = true; gads.type = "text/javascript"; var useSSL = "https:" == document.location.protocol; gads.src = (useSSL ? "https:" : "http:") + "//web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js"; var node = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; node.parentNode.insertBefore(gads, node); })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { // See if any CSS exists for the selected region - otherwise enable English $count = $(".us").length; var show = 'uk'; var poss = new Array('uk', 'us', 'in'); if ($count > 0) { show = 'us'; } for (i=0; i < poss.length; i++) { if (poss[i] != show) { $("." + poss[i]).each(function () { $(this).css('display', 'none', 'important'); }); } } }); googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/5445168/SOS_Leaderboard_728x90', [728, 90], 'bannerad') .addService(googletag.pubads()) .setTargeting('Section', 'Reviews').setTargeting('Subject', 'Keyboard').setTargeting('Page', '/sos/1997_articles/aug97/korgz1.html').setTargeting('Continent', 'North America').setTargeting('Region', 'Americas'); googletag.defineSlot('/5445168/SOS_left_bottom_120x240', [120, 240], 'SOS_left_bottom_120x240') .addService(googletag.pubads()) .setTargeting('Section', 'Reviews').setTargeting('Subject', 'Keyboard').setTargeting('Page', '/sos/1997_articles/aug97/korgz1.html').setTargeting('Continent', 'North America').setTargeting('Region', 'Americas'); googletag.defineSlot('/5445168/SOS_left_mid_120x300', [120, 300], 'SOS_left_mid_120x300') .addService(googletag.pubads()) .setTargeting('Section', 'Reviews').setTargeting('Subject', 'Keyboard').setTargeting('Page', '/sos/1997_articles/aug97/korgz1.html').setTargeting('Continent', 'North America').setTargeting('Region', 'Americas'); googletag.defineSlot('/5445168/SOS_left_top_120x600', [120, 600], 'SOS_left_top_120x600') .addService(googletag.pubads()) .setTargeting('Section', 'Reviews').setTargeting('Subject', 'Keyboard').setTargeting('Page', '/sos/1997_articles/aug97/korgz1.html').setTargeting('Continent', 'North America').setTargeting('Region', 'Americas'); googletag.defineSlot('/5445168/SOS_right_bottom_120x300', [120, 300], 'SOS_right_bottom_120x300') .addService(googletag.pubads()) .setTargeting('Section', 'Reviews').setTargeting('Subject', 'Keyboard').setTargeting('Page', '/sos/1997_articles/aug97/korgz1.html').setTargeting('Continent', 'North America').setTargeting('Region', 'Americas'); googletag.defineSlot('/5445168/SOS_right_mid_120x300', [120, 300], 'SOS_right_mid_120x300') .addService(googletag.pubads()) .setTargeting('Section', 'Reviews').setTargeting('Subject', 'Keyboard').setTargeting('Page', '/sos/1997_articles/aug97/korgz1.html').setTargeting('Continent', 'North America').setTargeting('Region', 'Americas'); googletag.defineSlot('/5445168/SOS_right_top_120x600', [120, 600], 'SOS_right_top_120x600') .addService(googletag.pubads()) .setTargeting('Section', 'Reviews').setTargeting('Subject', 'Keyboard').setTargeting('Page', '/sos/1997_articles/aug97/korgz1.html').setTargeting('Continent', 'North America').setTargeting('Region', 'Americas'); googletag.defineSlot('/5445168/SOS_footer_728x90', [728, 90], 'SOS_footer_728x90') .addService(googletag.pubads()) .setTargeting('Section', 'Reviews').setTargeting('Subject', 'Keyboard').setTargeting('Page', '/sos/1997_articles/aug97/korgz1.html').setTargeting('Continent', 'North America').setTargeting('Region', 'Americas'); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> </head> <body onload=""> <a name="top"></a><a name="Top"></a><div id="t"><div class="colmask threecol"><div class="colmid"><div class="colleft"><div class="col1 "><div class="TitleBox"><h1 class="MainTitle">Korg Z1</h1><h2 class="SubTitle">Polyphonic Physical Modelling Synthesizer (Preview)</h2><div class="Published"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/Contents.php?Month=8&Year=1997" title="" click to go back to the content listing for this issue">Published in SOS August 1997</a><br/><div id="print"><a title="Open this page in a new window in printer-friendly format" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/1997_articles/aug97/korgz1.html?print=yes" target="_blank"> Printer-friendly version</a></div><div id="addthis"><a class="addthis_button" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php?v=250&pub=xa-4aa14cf221b0c4b4"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952im_/https://s7.addthis.com/static/btn/v2/lg-share-en.gif" width="125" height="16" alt="Bookmark and Share" style="border:0"/></a><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952js_/https://s7.addthis.com/js/250/addthis_widget.js?pub=xa-4aa14cf221b0c4b4"></script> <script> if (typeof addthis_config !== "undefined") { addthis_config.data_use_cookies = false } else { var addthis_config = {data_use_cookies: false}; } </script></div></div><br/><span class="SectionSubject">Reviews : Keyboard</span></div> <h3><font face="arial,helvetica">Korg's mission to bring musicians the benefits of physical modelling synthesis at an affordable price continues; you can now have a polyphonic, multitimbral Prophecy for well under twice the price of the original. The synth is called the Z1, and GORDON REID is the man with the exclusive technical preview...</font></h3> <p class="nindent"> </p> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica">When Korg demonstrated the Z1 prototype at its launch in the Lloyds Building last month, presenter Paul Wiffen claimed that the new synth was born in the company's 'More' department... the one that satisfies the dealers' and customers' incessant demands for more of this, more of that and, most probably, more of the other too. This must be one of Korg's busiest divisions, because over the past nine years it has added more voices, more effects and more sequencing capabilities to every PCM-based workstation since the M1. Similarly, it has expanded the Wavestation from its earliest incarnations through the EX, the AD, and finally the SR. Now the department has evidently got its hands on Korg's first physical modelling synthesizer, the Prophecy, and this has suffered more than most... The result is more voices, more physical models, and more performance options.</font></p> <center> <h3><font face="arial,helvetica">BASICS</font></h3> </center> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica">The Z1 is, in its basic configuration, five octaves wide and 12-voice polyphonic, with each voice derived from a pair of physically modelled oscillators plus a sub-oscillator and a noise source. Voices can be spread multitimbrally across six MIDI channels, making the Z1 the world's first multitimbral physical modelling synthesizer. Furthermore, you can derive each part from a different model and map it to a different zone on the keyboard.</font></p> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica">Fortunately, Korg haven't limited their new baby to (and I quote) the "slavish imitation of analogue": the Z1 offers more than double the number of models found in the Prophecy. There are now 13 of these, each derived from the much-touted but as yet unheard OASYS (Open Architecture SYnthesis System). Korg have never made this $10,000 mega-synth available to the public, and it now looks more like a development platform for the company's affordable instruments than a product in its own right. </font></p> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica">The Z1 offers 256 program memories, and these should be enough for most requirements. The 32 multitimbral memories are, however, firmly on the mean side, and I expect frustration to set in quickly. Fortunately, you can save Programs, Multis, Global settings and Arpeggiator patterns to PCMCIA cards. These, while expensive in the summer of '97, should become more affordable as the technology becomes more widely used. A 256K card will hold two complete dumps from the instrument, so a 2Mb card will hold 16 -- more than enough for any requirement.</font></p> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica">The Z1's keyboard is sensitive to both velocity and aftertouch, and this is complemented by 12 dedicated controls (four filter knobs and eight envelope knobs), pitch-bend and modulation wheels, and four foot-pedal inputs. Unfortunately, a dedicated input for a breath controller is missing. This is a shame, especially when you consider how many wind instruments the Z1 seeks to emulate. By way of redress, the Z1 is the first keyboard to offer a touch-sensitive X-Y pad, as found on latter-day PowerBooks and some laptop PCs. You can assign a wide range of parameters to this pad and, since it's bi-directional, control two of them at a time. Once you've decided the amount by which you wish to alter them, you simply touch the pad at the appropriate point, and then latch the result with a dedicated button. You create dynamic effects by moving your finger over the pad as you play. Even a few moments' experimentation proves that this system has impressive potential, making the Z1 much more expressive than it would be with just the conventional wheels and pedals.</font></p> <center> <h3><font face="arial,helvetica">MODELS & EFFECTS</font></h3> </center> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica">The Z1 retains all the Prophecy's physical models, including, of course, its analogue model. Based upon two DSP-generated oscillators, two resonant filters, and two envelope generators per voice, the model echoes many classic monosynths of the 1970s. But, whereas the Prophecy was monophonic and was, therefore, comparable to a Minimoog or Korg 700S, the Z1's polyphony makes it more like a Prophet 10 or Oberheim Matrix 12. The Z1 even offers a Unison mode that allows you to assign two, three or six detuned voices to each note. Since the Z1 remains multitimbral in this mode, even the most revered analogue synths of yesteryear may soon find their over-inflated reputations and excessive values threatened.</font></p> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica">The analogue model also produces a limited range of percussion sounds. Moreover, you can edit these, so you're not restricted to the same old TR808 and TR909 noises -- although if you are into these sounds, the Z1 will provide them for you.</font></p> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica">The Z1 retains the Prophecy's string, reed and brass models, but Korg have modified them to take advantage of the X-Y pad. The launch demonstration showed how you can manipulate a single sound -- a bass guitar -- using the touch-pad to vary the timbre from muted strings to plucked harmonics. The pad appears equally adept at allowing you to control the expression on, for example, violins, trumpets and saxophone sounds, and it will be interesting to test these more critically in the full <i>SOS</i> review later this year.</font></p> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica">Of course, the Z1's polyphony considerably extends the use of the Prophecy's models, allowing you (for example) to program a cracking harpsichord using the plucked string model. But what of the new, specifically polyphonic models? The first of these is the electric piano, and this offers imitations of the Wurlitzer EP200 and Fender Rhodes Stage 73, among others. Unlike sample-based synths (which are limited by the nature and timbre of their source PCMs), the Z1 allows you to adjust parameters that relate to the physical nature of the original instruments. One example of this is the position of the 'pick-up' with respect to the 'tine'. Changing this relationship creates a wide range of timbres and responses that conventional filters and ADSR-type envelopes cannot imitate. This is because the complex harmonic structures and time-domain responses of the sounds are significantly influenced by such factors. The Z1's electric piano model emulates these changes, making possible a far wider and more representative range of piano sounds. </font></p> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica">Similarly, the Z1 incorporates an organ model that steps beyond conventional Sample + Synthesis methods. This allows you progressively to introduce or remove virtual tonewheel generators, just like pulling and pushing the drawbars of a genuine Hammond. There are limitations, but my first impression was one of 'grit' and considerable authenticity. This may, of course, be a consequence of Korg's Leslie effect algorithms (as found in the G4 and Trinity), so we'll have to investigate further.</font></p> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica">The Z1 offers a Frequency Modulation model, although whether Korg will call this 'FM' in final production Z1s remains to be seen. (Korg named their last FM implementation 'VPM' -- Variable Phase Modulation -- for legal reasons.) Anyway, the FM model generates many of the bell-like, percussive and piano-type sounds that made the Yamaha DX7 such a world-wide success. I find the use of DSPs to recreate earlier digital synthesizers peculiarly amusing, but it proves that the idea of a 'classic' synth is a flexible one, not limited to analogue instruments such as Moogs, ARPs and the Jupiter 8. Whether the concept is arcane or not, I'm looking forward to using this model more extensively. The DX7 suffered from appalling hiss, and the idea of noise-free versions of its best sounds appeals greatly to me.</font></p> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica">Finally, there's a bowed string model that complements its plucked counterpart. You can use this for orchestral strings or together with the analogue model for some luscious pads.</font></p> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica">Once you have selected and programmed your models, you can pass the result through the Z1's effects processors. These, like those on the Trinity (and unlike those on almost any other manufacturer's synths), are multitimbral. This arrangement allows you, for example, to flange your guitar sounds while chorusing your pianos and independently EQ-ing your bass, brass, and strings. The effects section is the Trinity's crowning glory, but far too few players appreciate its unique power and potential.</font></p> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica">There are 15 'insert' effects, plus a master effects section that offers three further effects and a 2-band EQ. Not as all-encompassing as the Trinity's squillion effects options, this nevertheless remains streets ahead of the competition, and is another good reason to treat the Z1 as a very serious synthesizer.</font></p> <center> <h3><font face="arial,helvetica">AND THERE'S PLENTY MORE...</font></h3> </center> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica">The arpeggiator is a key element in the Z1's armoury, and it's another one that takes advantage of the instrument's polyphony. Arpeggiation can be monophonic or polyphonic, and you can choose its form from five pre-programmed or 15 user-definable modes that offer up to 36 steps each. The arpeggiator will act as a MIDI clock master, and you can therefore use it to drive MIDI sequencers and other clock-sensitive devices. Most welcome, the Z1 transmits sequences over MIDI, making it possible to play arpeggios on synths that otherwise lack that capability. On the Z1 itself, you can limit arpeggios to individual parts and keyboard zones, allowing you to play other patches conventionally elsewhere on the keyboard.</font></p> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica">Flam is another cool feature, and one that I've never before seen on a synth. Owners of Oberheim's Strummer or the Charlie Lab Digitar will be aware of the impressive results that you can obtain by strumming guitar patches or even non-guitar sounds. Korg's implementation allows up and down motions on each arpeggiator beat, with the flam delay specified for each strum.</font></p> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica">The Z1's four LFOs offer even more interesting possibilities, because you can lock each of these to MIDI clock, allowing a sound to have four in-time modulations with durations ranging from breves to demi-semi-quaver triplets. </font></p> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica">There is a Z1 editor that runs on PowerMacs and the later 680x0 Macintosh computers. This allows you to edit Programs, Multis, Global setups and Arpeggios, and it is also a powerful librarian for all things Z1-ish. Editing is in real time, permitting you to twiddle virtual knobs while playing. Even the beta version I saw appears watertight, and the synth's output remains free from the zipper noise that plagued early digital editing systems. I found the editor invaluable for programming arpeggios, primarily because the Z1 offers too many facilities for anything less than a full-screen editing display. If Korg don't bundle this software with the Z1, I'll give you their Managing Director's home address so that you can complain in person.</font></p> <center> <h3><font face="arial,helvetica">CONCLUSION</font></h3> </center> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica">Are there any limitations to the Z1? Yes, of course there are. It falls far short of the original OASYS, it's not really designed for use as a primary instrument, and it lacks many sounds that you would expect from a top-quality workstation. In particular, you mustn't expect acoustic piano emulations, because there aren't any.</font></p> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica">Furthermore, the Z1 suffers from one of my pet hates: it's a multitimbral synth with just a single pair of outputs. I'll never understand why manufacturers think that two holes are enough, even if, like the Z1, the synth offers additional I/O in the form of an ADAT interface with a WordSync input. This, if you own an ADAT, is ideal, but I would prefer AES/EBU or S/PDIF interfaces. On the other hand, the ADAT's optical interface is becoming something of a standard for low-cost multi-channel digital I/O. It's economical to implement, it's reliable, and it can travel relatively long distances (especially when compared with S/PDIF). Since eight A/D converters or four AES/EBU outputs could push the Z1 over the £2000 barrier, I suspect that I should forgive Korg for choosing this configuration. Nevertheless, I still view the choice of ADAT I/O as a coup for Alesis' marketing department rather than as an ideal solution for multitrack recording.</font></p> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica">Despite these problems (and a few others that will become apparent when we review the instrument in depth), and even without the control panels of the Roland JP8000 and Clavia Nord Lead, the Z1 may be irresistible. It costs just £200 more that its nearest rival, but offers superior 12-note polyphony (an optional DSP expansion board will increase this to 18 voices) and 12 more physical models. Indeed, having played the pre-production Z1 three times, I suspect that it's a significant step forward for polyphonic synthesis.</font></p> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica"><i>If you fancy an early view of the Z1 you may like to attend one of the dates on Korg's 'Digital Domain' tour. See page 18 in this month's news pages for details.</i></font></p> <h1> </h1> <h1><font color="red" face="arial,helvetica">info</font></h1> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica"><b>£</b> Korg Z1 (projected price) £1699 including VAT.</font></p> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica"><b>A</b> Korg UK, 9 Newmarket Court, Kingston, Milton Keynes MK10 0AU.</font></p> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica"><b>T</b> 01908 857100.</font></p> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica"><b>F</b> 01908 857199.</font></p> <p class="nindent"><font face="arial,helvetica"><b>W</b> <a href="javascript:OpenSite('www.korg.com')">http://www.korg.com</a></font></p><div class="Published"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/Contents.php?Month=8&Year=1997" title="" click to go back to the content listing for this issue">Published in SOS August 1997</a></div></div><div class="col2"><div class="smallblacktext"> <div class="adblk top" id="SOS_left_top_120x600"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('SOS_left_top_120x600'); }); </script> </div> <div class="adblk" id="SOS_left_mid_120x300"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('SOS_left_mid_120x300'); }); </script> </div> <div class="adblk" id="SOS_left_bottom_120x240"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('SOS_left_bottom_120x240'); }); </script> </div> <div class="bullet"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/readersads/AdBrowse.php?Cat=7">KEYBOARDS For Sale in Readers Ads</a></div><div style="height:8px"></div><div style="text-align: center; background-color: #C0C0C0; text: #3399FF; border: solid 1px gray; padding: 2px"><strong> <a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/readersads">SOS Readers Ads<br/>GRAB A BARGAIN</a><br/> 拢391,805</strong><br/>of Second-User Gear for sale now — don't miss out!</div><div style="height:8px"></div><div style="height:8px"></div></div></div><div class="col3"><div class="smallblacktext"> <div class="adblk top" id="SOS_right_top_120x600"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('SOS_right_top_120x600'); }); </script> </div> <div class="adblk" id="SOS_right_mid_120x300"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('SOS_right_mid_120x300'); }); </script> </div> <div class="adblk" id="SOS_right_bottom_120x300"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('SOS_right_bottom_120x300'); }); </script> </div> <div class="bullet"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/information/Glossary.php">GLOSSARY: technical terms explained</a></div><div style="height:8px"></div><div class="WOB"><b>WIN Great Prizes in SOS Competitions!</b></div> <div style="border: 1px solid gray;border-top:0;padding: 3px"><ul class="bullet"><li><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/jun15/articles/win-dynaudio-tc-bundles.htm">Win Dynaudio & TC Bundles</a></li></ul></div><div style="height:8px"></div><div style="height:8px"></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="footer1st" style="text-align:center;text-align:center;background:#fff;padding-bottom:10px;"> <p><a id="top" href="#Top" title="Go to top of page"> </a></p> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com//">Home</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/search">Search</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/news">News</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/Contents.php">Current Issue</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/app">Tablet Mag</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/articles">Articles</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/forum">Forum</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/engineers-diary">Blog</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/subs">Subscribe</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/shop">Shop</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/readersads">Readers Ads</a><br/> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952im_/http://media.soundonsound.com/images/spacer.gif" height="4" width="1"/><br/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/information/PrintAds.php">Advertise</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/information">Information</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/information/SOSPrivacyPolicy.php">Privacy Policy</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/support">Support</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/subs/access-help.php">Login Help</a> </p> <div id="SOS_footer_728x90"> <script type="text/javascript">googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('SOS_footer_728x90'); });</script> </div> </div> <div id="newfooter"> <div id="col0"> <a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/" id="logol" class="spr"> </a> <p>Email: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/information/Contact.php">Contact SOS</a></p> <p>Telephone: +44 (0)1954 789888</p> <p>Fax: +44 (0)1954 789895<br/><br/></p> <p><strong>Registered Office</strong>: Media House, Trafalgar Way, Bar Hill, Cambridge, CB23 8SQ, United Kingdom.<br/><br/></p> <p>Sound On Sound Ltd is registered in England and Wales.</p> <p>Company number: 3015516 VAT number: GB 638 5307 26</p> <a id="frss" class="spr" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/rss.php" target="_blank"> </a> <a id="fb" class="spr" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.facebook.com/sospublications" target="_blank"> </a> <a id="twit" class="spr" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.twitter.com/sospublications" target="_blank"> </a> <a id="gpl" class="spr" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/https://plus.google.com/+soundonsound" target="_blank"> </a> <a id="scl" class="spr" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://soundcloud.com/soundonsound" target="_blank"> </a> </div> <div id="col1"> <h2><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/Contents.php">Current Magazine</a></h2> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/Contents.php">Web Edition</a></h3> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/app">Tablet Mag app</a></h3> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/shop/Dept.php?DeptID=32">Buy PDF articles</a></h3> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/forum/postlist.php?Cat=&Board=ForumFeed">Magazine Feedback</a></h3> <h2><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/subscribe">Subscribe</a></h2> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/shop/Dept.php?DeptID=1">Subscribe Now</a></h3> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/subs/webFAQ.php">Web Subscription FAQs</a></h3> <h2><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/podcast">Podcasts</a></h2> <h2><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/competitions">Competitions</a></h2> <h2><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/">Home</a></h2> <h2><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/shop">SOS Shop</a></h2> </div> <div id="col2"> <h2><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/news">News</a></h2> <h2><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/search">Search</a></h2> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/search">New Search</a></h3> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/forum/search.php">Forum Search</a></h3> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/search#tips">Search Tips</a></h3> <h2><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/articles">Articles</a></h2> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/articles/Reviews.php">Reviews</a></h3> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/articles/Technique.php">Technique</a></h3> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/articles/SoundAdvice.php">Sound Advice</a></h3> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/articles/People.php">People</a></h3> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/information/Glossary.php">Glossary</a></h3> <h2><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/support">Help + Support</a></h2> </div> <div id="col3"> <h2><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/forum">Forum</a></h2> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/forum/dosearch.php?Cat=&Forum=All_Forums&Words=&daterange=1&newertype=d&newerval=1&Limit=25&fromsearch=1">Today's Hot Topics</a></h3> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/forum">Forum Channel List</a></h3> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/forum/search.php">Forum Search</a></h3> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/forum/login.php">My Forum Home</a></h3> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/forum/editdisplay.php?Cat=">My Forum Settings</a></h3> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/forum/viewmessages.php?Cat=&box=received">My Private Messages</a></h3> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/information/ForumRules.php">Forum Rules & Etiquette</a></h3> <h2><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/video">SOS TV</a></h2> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/video">Watch exhibition videos, tutorials,<br/>interviews, masterclasses</a></h3> <h2><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/readersads">Readers Classifieds</a></h2> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/readersads/AdDetails.php">Submit New Adverts</a></h3> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/readersads/AdList.php">View My Adverts</a></h3> </div> <div id="col4"> <h2><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/UserAccount/UserDetails.php">My SOS</a></h2> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/https://www.soundonsound.com/UserAccount/Password.php">Change Password</a></h3> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/https://www.soundonsound.com/UserAccount/Newsletters.php">Change My Email</a></h3> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/https://www.soundonsound.com/UserAccount/ContactDetails.php">Change My Address</a></h3> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/https://www.soundonsound.com/UserAccount/Subscription.php">My Subscription</a></h3> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/https://www.soundonsound.com/UserAccount/Newsletters.php">My eNewsletters</a></h3> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/https://www.soundonsound.com/UserAccount/Downloads.php">My Downloads</a></h3> <h2><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/information">Information</a></h2> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/information/PrintAds.php">Advertising</a></h3> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/information/UKOnSaleDates.php">Magazine On-sale Dates</a></h3> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/information">About SOS</a></h3> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/information/Contact.php">Contact SOS Staff</a></h3> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/subs/controlled">Controlled Circulation</a></h3> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/mailto:md@soundonsound.com">Licensing Enquiries</a></h3> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/information/SOSMedia.php">SOS Logos & Graphics</a></h3> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/information/WebStats.php">SOS Site Analytics</a></h3> <h3><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/information/SOSPrivacyPolicy.php">Privacy Policy</a></h3> </div> <div id="col5"> </div> <div id="colbase"> <div style="margin:auto"><p style="margin: 0px 30px">We accept the following payment methods in our web Shop:</p><br/> <img class="cardpay" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952im_/http://media.soundonsound.com/images/shop/PayPal.gif" alt="Pay by PayPal - fast and secure"/>  <img class="cardpay" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952im_/http://media.soundonsound.com/images/shop/VISA.gif" alt="VISA" title="VISA"/>  <img class="cardpay" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952im_/http://media.soundonsound.com/images/shop/MasterCard.gif" alt="MasterCard" title="Mastercard"/>  <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952im_/http://media.soundonsound.com/images/shop/Solo.gif" alt="Solo" title="Solo"/>  <img class="cardpay" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952im_/http://media.soundonsound.com/images/shop/Electron.gif" alt="Electron" title="Electron"/>  <img class="cardpay" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952im_/http://media.soundonsound.com/images/shop/Maestro.gif" alt="Maestro (used to be Switch)" title="Maestro (used to be Switch)"/>  <img class="cardpay" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952im_/http://media.soundonsound.com/images/shop/Delta.gif"></div> <p style="margin: 10px 30px"><strong>All contents copyright 漏 SOS Publications Group and/or its licensors, 1985-2015. All rights reserved.</strong><br/> The contents of this article are subject to worldwide copyright protection and reproduction in whole or part, whether mechanical or electronic, is expressly forbidden without the prior written consent of the Publishers. Great care has been taken to ensure accuracy in the preparation of this article but neither Sound On Sound Limited nor the publishers can be held responsible for its contents.<br/>The views expressed are those of the contributors and not necessarily those of the publishers.<br/><br/></p> <p>Web site designed & maintained by PB Associates | SOS | Relative Media</p> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"></script> <div id="header"> <div id="tlk"><a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/">Home</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/app">Tablet Mag</a> | <a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/podcast">Podcasts</a> | <a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/competitions">WIN Prizes</a> | <a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/shop/Dept.php?DeptID=1">Subscribe</a> | <a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/information/PrintAds.php">Advertise</a> | <a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/information">About SOS</a> | <a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/support">Help</a></div> <div id="tlkd">Tue 9 Jun 2015</div> <div id="navsrch"> <form id="minisearch" name="minisearch" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/search" method="get"> <input type="text" id="Keyword" name="Keyword" value=" Search SOS" onclick="if (this.value==' Search SOS') this.value=''"/><a id="go" href="javascript:GoSearch()"> </a> </form> </div> <div id="container"> <div id="topnav" class="topnav"> Have an account? <a href="/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/Login.php" class="signin notlog"><span>Log in</span></a> or <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/https://www.soundonsound.com/UserAccount/NewUser.php">Register for free</a></div> <fieldset id="signin_menu"> <form method="post" id="signin" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/https://www.soundonsound.com/xt_Login.php" action="post"> <label for="username">Email address</label> <input id="username" name="LoginID" title="username" tabindex="4" type="text" value=""/> <label for="password">Password</label> <input id="password" name="Password" value="" title="password" tabindex="5" type="password" autocomplete="off"/> <p class="remember"> <input id="signin_submit" value="Log in" tabindex="6" type="submit"/> <input id="remember" name="Remember" value="1" tabindex="7" type="checkbox"/> <label for="remember">Remember me</label> </p> <p class="persist"> <input id="remember" name="Persist" value="1" tabindex="7" type="checkbox"/> <label260808909228 for="remember">Stay logged in</label> </p> <p class="forgot"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/https://www.soundonsound.com/UserAccount/ForgotPassword.php" id="resend_password_link">Forgot your password?</a> </p> </form> </fieldset> </div> <div style="clear:both;margin-bottom:5px;height:90px;"> <div id="logo"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952im_/http://media.soundonsound.com/images/SOS_sh_90px.jpg" title="Sound On Sound : click for Home page" alt="Sound On Sound : click for Home page" border="0" height="90" width="169" style="margin-left:10px;"/></a> <p>Sound On Sound : Est. 1985</p> </div> <div id="bannerad"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('bannerad'); }); </script> </div> </div> <div id="navhldr"><div id="sosmnu" class="jquerycssmenu"> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/search">Search</a> <ul class="search"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/search">New Search</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/forum/search.php">Forum Search</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/search#tips">Search Tips</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/news">News</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/articles">Articles</a> <ul class="articles"><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/Contents.php">Current issue: June 2015</a></li><li><a href="">Recent issues...</a> <ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/Contents.php?Month=5&Year=2015">May 2015</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/Contents.php?Month=4&Year=2015">April 2015</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/Contents.php?Month=3&Year=2015">March 2015</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/Contents.php?Month=2&Year=2015">February 2015</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/Contents.php?Month=1&Year=2015">January 2015</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/Contents.php?Month=12&Year=2014">December 2014</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/AllIssues.php">All issues</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/articles/Reviews.php">Reviews</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/articles/Technique.php">Technique...</a> <ul class="technique"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/articles/ClassicTracks.php">Classic Tracks</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/articles/InsideTrackMixSecrets.php">Secrets of the Mix Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/articles/AbletonLive.php">Ableton LIVE techniques</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/articles/AppleLogic.php">Apple LOGIC techniques</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/articles/Sonar.php">Cakewalk SONAR techniques</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/articles/Reaper.php">Cockos REAPER techniques</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/articles/ProTools.php">Digidesign PRO TOOLS techniques</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/articles/DigitalPerformer.php">MOTU DIGITAL PERFORMER techniques</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/articles/PropellerheadReason.php">Propellerhead REASON techniques</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/articles/Cubase.php">Steinberg CUBASE techniques</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/articles/SoundAdvice.php">Sound Advice</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/articles/People.php">People</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/information/Glossary.php">Glossary: Technical Terms</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/podcast">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.sos-smartguides.com/" target="blank">Smart Guides</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/education" target="blank">Education</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/competitions">Competitions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/forum">Forum</a> <ul class="mnuforum"><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/forum/dosearch.php?fromsearch=1&Forum%5B%5D=c1&Forum%5B%5D=f12&Forum%5B%5D=f21&Forum%5B%5D=f30&Forum%5B%5D=f35&Forum%5B%5D=f57&Forum%5B%5D=c2&Forum%5B%5D=f11&Forum%5B%5D=f61&Forum%5B%5D=f52&Forum%5B%5D=f23&Forum%5B%5D=f6&Forum%5B%5D=f8&Forum%5B%5D=f7&Forum%5B%5D=f15&Forum%5B%5D=f50&Forum%5B%5D=f18&Forum%5B%5D=f60&Forum%5B%5D=f14&Forum%5B%5D=f62&Forum%5B%5D=c3&Forum%5B%5D=f3&where=bodysub&daterange=1&newerval=1&newertype=d&Limit=25">Today's Active Topics</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/forum">Forum Index</a></li>  </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/video">SOS TV</a></li> <li><a href="#">Subscribe</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/shop/Dept.php?DeptID=1">Subscribe Now</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/subs/webFAQ.php">Web Subscriptions FAQs</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/shop">Shop</a></li></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/readersads">Readers' Adverts</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/information">Information</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www.soundonsound.com/webextras">WebExtras</a> </ul> </div></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-6700982-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/https://ssl' : 'https://web.archive.org/web/20150609005952/http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script> </body> </html>