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Fosfatlar sahifasining manbasini koʻrish - Vikipediya

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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_uz.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=uz" class=""><span>Loyihaga koʻmak</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Fosfatlar&amp;returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud boʻlmasa-da, hisob yaratishingiz va tizimga kirishingiz tavsiya etiladi." class=""><span>Hisob yaratish</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Fosfatlar&amp;returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud bo‘lmasa-da, kirishingiz taklif qilinadi. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Kirish</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chiqishni amalga oshirgan tahrirchilar uchun sahifalar <a href="/wiki/Yordam:Mundarija" aria-label="Tahrirlash haqida batafsil maʼlumot"><span>batafsil maʼlumot</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:MyContributions" title="Bu IP-manzildan amalga oshirilgan tahrirlar roʻyxati [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Qoʻshilgan hissa</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:MyTalk" title="Bu IP-manzildan amalga oshirilgan tahrirlar munozarasi [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Munozara</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Fosfatlar sahifasining manbasini koʻrish</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Til qoʻshish</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomfazolar"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. </p> Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</div></div><hr /> <p>Siz bu sahifaning ichki kodini koʻrishingiz va undan nusxa olishingiz mumkin: </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="uz" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{Maʼnolari|Fosfatlar (maʼnolari)}} '''Fosfatlar''' — fosfat kislota tuzlari va efirlari. Ortofosfat va polimer (yoki kondensatlangan) fosfatlarga boʻlinadi. Kondensatlangan fosfatlar tetraedrik [RO4]3~ guruxlarning oʻzaro birlashish usuliga koʻra polifosfatlar, metafosfatlar va ultrafosfatga boʻlinadi. Polifosfatlar — RO3— O—RO,— zanjirlardan iborat [RO4]3~ guruhlardan tuzil gan (zanjirlarda 105 gacha fosfat atomlari boʻlishi mumkin). Metafosfatlarda [RO4]3~ tetraedrlar berk xalqalar hosil qiladi. Ultrafosfatlar tarmoklangan zanjir va halqalardan tuzilgan. Ultrafosfatlar tarkibida Me,O:R2O5 nisbati 0>1 dan kichik boʻladi. Ult rafosfatlar suvda kam eriydi. Ular suvda gidrolizlanib turli meta va polifosfatlar hosil qiladi. Ortofosfatlar — ortofosfat kislota (N3RO4) tuzlari. Ular bir almashingan [mas, KN2RO4, Sa(N2RO4)2 va boshqa], ikki almashingan [mas, (NH4)2 NRO4, NH4NaHPO4 va boshqa] va uch almashingan [mas, Sa3(RO4)2, NH4MgPO4 va boshqa] ortofosfatlarga boʻlinadi. Fosfatlar tarkibidagi [RO4R~ anion xam tetraedrik tuzilishga ega. Nordon ortofosfatlar qizdirilganida qizdirish sharoitiga qarab halqasimon metafosfatlar yoki zanjirsimon polifosfatlar hosil boʻlishi mumkin. Normal (oʻrta) ortofosfatlar (Me’,RO4) qizdirilganida oʻzgarmaydi, lekin kation termik beqaror boʻlsa, parchalanib uchuvchan mahsulotlar ajralib chiqishi mumkin. Bir almashingan ortofosfatlar suvda eriydi. Ikki va uch almashingan ortofosfatlardan faqat ishqoriy metallar hamda ammoniy ortofosfatlari suvdagi eritmalarda gidrolizlanadi. Masalan, NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4 va Na3PO4 larning 1%li eritmalarida rN 4, 6, 8, 9 va 12,1 ga teng. Bi, Sn, Ti, Zr, Hf, Th lardan boshqa metallarning ortofosfatlari kuchli kislotalarda eriydi. Suvda eruvchan ortofosfatlar hosil qilish uchun metallarning [[Gidroksidlar|gidroksid]] yoki karbonatlari eritmasiga tegishli miqsorda N3RO4 qoʻshiladi. Kaltsiy va ammoniy ortofosfatlar fosforli oʻgʻitlar, emallar, boʻgʻiq shishalar ishlab chiqarishda, farmatsevtika sanoatida, olovbardosh materiallar tayyorlashda qoʻllanadi. Kaltsiy va ammoniyning kristall holdagi, bir almashingan ortofosfatlari juda qimmatli segneto va pyezoelektrik materiallardir. Tuzilishi turlicha polimer fosfatlarni quyidagi formula bilan ifodalash mumkin: chiziqli polifosfatlar Mep+2 R„O3l+1> qalqali polifosfatlar Mep RpO3p. Bu yerda p — polimerlanish darajasi. Polimer fosfatlarning xossalari kation tabiatiga, fosfatanionning tuzilishi, polimerlanish darajasi, fosfat strukturasi va boshqalarga bogʻliq. Siklik metafosfatlar ichida trimeta, tetrameta, geksameta va oktametafosfatlar koʻproq oʻrganilgan. Fosfat kislota efirlaridan bir, ikki va uch almashingan ortofosfatlar mavjud. Ular ROS13 ga spirt taʼsir ettirib olinadi. [[Pestitsidlar]], ekstragentlar va boshqa sifatida qoʻllanadi. Baʼzi organik fosfatlar ([[nuklein kislotalar]], adenozintrifosfat kislotalar) tirik organizmlarda muhim funksiyalarni bajaradi. 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