Search results for: microtopography

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Manallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Meier"> C. Meier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Confocal spectral interferometry (CSI) is an innovative optical method for determining microtopography of surfaces and thickness of transparent layers, based on the combination of two optical principles: confocal imaging, and spectral interferometry. Confocal optical system images at each instant a single point of the sample. The whole surface is reconstructed by plan scanning. The interference signal generated by mixing two white-light beams is analyzed using a spectrometer. In this work, five ‘rugotests’ of known standard roughnesses are investigated. The topography is then measured and illustrated, and the equivalent roughness is determined and compared with the standard values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confocal%20spectral%20interferometry" title="confocal spectral interferometry">confocal spectral interferometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nondestructive%20testing" title=" nondestructive testing"> nondestructive testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20metrology" title=" optical metrology"> optical metrology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20topography" title=" surface topography"> surface topography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness" title=" roughness"> roughness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70452/surface-topography-measurement-by-confocal-spectral-interferometry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Preparation of Natural Polymeric Scaffold with Desired Pore Morphology for Stem Cell Differentiation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojdeh%20Mohseni">Mojdeh Mohseni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the context of tissue engineering, the effect of microtopography as afforded by scaffold morphology is an important design parameter. Since the morphology of pores can effect on cell behavior, in this study, porous Chitosan (CHIT) - Gelatin (GEL)- Alginate (ALG) scaffolds with microtubule orientation structure were manufactured by unidirectional freeze-drying method and the effect of pore morphology on differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) was investigated. This study showed that, the provided scaffold with natural polymer had good properties for cell behavior and the pores with highest orientation rate have produced appropriate substrate for the differentiation of stem cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chitosan" title="Chitosan">Chitosan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gelatin" title=" gelatin"> gelatin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alginate" title=" Alginate"> Alginate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pore%20morphology" title=" pore morphology"> pore morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20cell%20differentiation" title=" stem cell differentiation"> stem cell differentiation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15601/preparation-of-natural-polymeric-scaffold-with-desired-pore-morphology-for-stem-cell-differentiation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15601.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> The Development of Micro Patterns Using Benchtop Lithography for Marine Antifouling Applications </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felicia%20Wong%20Yen%20Myan">Felicia Wong Yen Myan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Walker"> James Walker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Development of micro topographies usually begins with the fabrication of a master stamp. Fabrication of such small structures can be technically challenging and expensive. These techniques are often used for applications where patterns only cover a small surface area (e.g. semiconductors, microfluidic channels). This research investigated the use of benchtop lithography to fabricate patterns with average widths of 50 and 100 microns on silicon wafer substrates. Further development of this method will attempt to layer patterns to create hierarchical structures. Photomasks consisted of patterns printed onto transparency films with a high resolution printer and a fully patterned 10cm by 10cm area has been successfully developed. UV exposure was carried out with a self-made array of ultraviolet LEDs that was positioned a distance above a glass diffuser. Observations under a light microscope and SEM showed that developed patterns exhibit an adequate degree of fidelity with patterns from the master stamp. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithography" title="lithography">lithography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifouling" title=" antifouling"> antifouling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine" title=" marine"> marine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microtopography" title=" microtopography "> microtopography </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4376/the-development-of-micro-patterns-using-benchtop-lithography-for-marine-antifouling-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4376.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> On the Fixed Rainfall Intensity: Effects on Overland Flow Resistance, Shear Velocity and on Soil Erosion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Mouzai">L. Mouzai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bouhadef"> M. Bouhadef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Raindrops and overland flow both are erosive parameters but they do not act by the same way. The overland flow alone tends to shear the soil horizontally and concentrates into rills. In the presence of rain, the soil particles are removed from the soil surface in the form of a uniform sheet layer. In addition to this, raindrops falling on the flow roughen the water and soil surface depending on the flow depth, and retard the velocity, therefore influence shear velocity and Manning’s factor. To investigate this part, agricultural sandy soil, rainfall simulator and a laboratory soil tray of 0.2x1x3 m were the base of this work. Five overland flow depths of 0; 3.28; 4.28; 5.16; 5.60; 5.80 mm were generated under a rainfall intensity of 217.2 mm/h. Sediment concentration control is based on the proportionality of depth/microtopography. The soil loose is directly related to the presence of rain splash on thin sheet flow. The effect of shear velocity on sediment concentration is limited by the value of 5.28 cm/s. In addition to this, the rain splash reduces the soil roughness by breaking the soil crests. The rainfall intensity is the major factor influencing depth and soil erosion. In the presence of rainfall, the shear velocity of the flow is due to two simultaneous effects. The first, which is horizontal, comes from the flow and the second, vertical, is due to the raindrops. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20resistance" title="flow resistance">flow resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laboratory%20experiments" title=" laboratory experiments"> laboratory experiments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall%20simulator" title=" rainfall simulator"> rainfall simulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20concentration" title=" sediment concentration"> sediment concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20velocity" title=" shear velocity"> shear velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20erosion" title=" soil erosion"> soil erosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82400/on-the-fixed-rainfall-intensity-effects-on-overland-flow-resistance-shear-velocity-and-on-soil-erosion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Characterization, Replication and Testing of Designed Micro-Textures, Inspired by the Brill Fish, Scophthalmus rhombus, for the Development of Bioinspired Antifouling Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chloe%20Richards">Chloe Richards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adrian%20Delgado%20Ollero"> Adrian Delgado Ollero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20Delaure"> Yan Delaure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fiona%20Regan"> Fiona Regan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Growing concern about the natural environment has accelerated the search for non-toxic, but at the same time, economically reasonable, antifouling materials. Bioinspired surfaces, due to their nano and micro topographical antifouling capabilities, provide a hopeful approach to the design of novel antifouling surfaces. Biological organisms are known to have highly evolved and complex topographies, demonstrating antifouling potential, i.e. shark skin. Previous studies have examined the antifouling ability of topographic patterns, textures and roughness scales found on natural organisms. One of the mechanisms used to explain the adhesion of cells to a substrate is called attachment point theory. Here, the fouling organism experiences increased attachment where there are multiple attachment points and reduced attachment, where the number of attachment points are decreased. In this study, an attempt to characterize the microtopography of the common brill fish, Scophthalmus rhombus, was undertaken. Scophthalmus rhombus is a small flatfish of the family Scophthalmidae, inhabiting regions from Norway to the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. They reside in shallow sandy and muddy coastal areas at depths of around 70 – 80 meters. Six engineered surfaces (inspired by the Brill fish scale) produced by a 2-photon polymerization (2PP) process were evaluated for their potential as an antifouling solution for incorporation onto tidal energy blades. The micro-textures were analyzed for their AF potential under both static and dynamic laboratory conditions using two laboratory grown diatom species, Amphora coffeaeformis and Nitzschia ovalis. The incorporation of a surface topography was observed to cause a disruption in the growth of A. coffeaeformis and N. ovalis cells on the surface in comparison to control surfaces. This work has demonstrated the importance of understanding cell-surface interaction, in particular, topography for the design of novel antifouling technology. The study concluded that biofouling can be controlled by physical modification, and has contributed significant knowledge to the use of a successful novel bioinspired AF technology, based on Brill, for the first time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attachment%20point%20theory" title="attachment point theory">attachment point theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofouling" title=" biofouling"> biofouling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Scophthalmus%20rhombus" title=" Scophthalmus rhombus"> Scophthalmus rhombus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topography" title=" topography"> topography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154168/characterization-replication-and-testing-of-designed-micro-textures-inspired-by-the-brill-fish-scophthalmus-rhombus-for-the-development-of-bioinspired-antifouling-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154168.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" 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Search results for: microtopography