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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alleged_assassination_attempt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alleged_assassination_attempt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Alleged assassination attempt </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alleged_assassination_attempt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline_of_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline_of_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Timeline of events </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Timeline_of_events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Timeline of events subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Timeline_of_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Two_Prime_Ministers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Two_Prime_Ministers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Two Prime Ministers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Two_Prime_Ministers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calls_to_reconvene_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calls_to_reconvene_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Calls to reconvene Parliament </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calls_to_reconvene_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sirisena-Rajapaksa_cabinet_appointments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sirisena-Rajapaksa_cabinet_appointments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Sirisena-Rajapaksa cabinet appointments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sirisena-Rajapaksa_cabinet_appointments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bribery_allegations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bribery_allegations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Bribery allegations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bribery_allegations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dissolution_of_parliament_and_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dissolution_of_parliament_and_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Dissolution of parliament and elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dissolution_of_parliament_and_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sri_Lanka_Freedom_Party_Split" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sri_Lanka_Freedom_Party_Split"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.1 Sri Lanka Freedom Party Split </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sri_Lanka_Freedom_Party_Split-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supreme_Court_stays_proclamation_dissolving_parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supreme_Court_stays_proclamation_dissolving_parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.2 Supreme Court stays proclamation dissolving parliament </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supreme_Court_stays_proclamation_dissolving_parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliamentary_clashes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliamentary_clashes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Parliamentary clashes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliamentary_clashes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1st_Motion_of_no_confidence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1st_Motion_of_no_confidence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.1 1st Motion of no confidence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1st_Motion_of_no_confidence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2nd_Motion_of_no_confidence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2nd_Motion_of_no_confidence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.2 2nd Motion of no confidence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2nd_Motion_of_no_confidence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motion_of_confidence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motion_of_confidence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.3 Motion of confidence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motion_of_confidence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rajapaksa_led_government_moves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rajapaksa_led_government_moves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Rajapaksa led government moves </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rajapaksa_led_government_moves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transferral_of_Nishantha_Silva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transferral_of_Nishantha_Silva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7.1 Transferral of Nishantha Silva </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transferral_of_Nishantha_Silva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sugar_tax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sugar_tax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7.2 Sugar tax </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sugar_tax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Court_order_restraining_Prime_Minister_and_Ministers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Court_order_restraining_Prime_Minister_and_Ministers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Court order restraining Prime Minister and Ministers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Court_order_restraining_Prime_Minister_and_Ministers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supreme_Court_rules_dissolution_of_Parliament_unconstitutional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supreme_Court_rules_dissolution_of_Parliament_unconstitutional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 Supreme Court rules dissolution of Parliament unconstitutional </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supreme_Court_rules_dissolution_of_Parliament_unconstitutional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supreme_Court_refused_to_vacate_Court_of_Appeal_interim_order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supreme_Court_refused_to_vacate_Court_of_Appeal_interim_order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.10 Supreme Court refused to vacate Court of Appeal interim order </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supreme_Court_refused_to_vacate_Court_of_Appeal_interim_order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rajapaksa_relinquishment_of_his_claim_and_reinstatement_of_Wickremesinghe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rajapaksa_relinquishment_of_his_claim_and_reinstatement_of_Wickremesinghe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.11 Rajapaksa relinquishment of his claim and reinstatement of Wickremesinghe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rajapaksa_relinquishment_of_his_claim_and_reinstatement_of_Wickremesinghe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outcomes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outcomes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Outcomes </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Outcomes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Outcomes subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Outcomes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Political </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Economic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Social </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Protests </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Protests-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Protests subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Violence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Violence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Violence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Violence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Reactions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reactions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Domestic_responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Domestic responses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 International responses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> 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href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7_(%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B1%DB%B8)" title="بحران قانون اساسی سریلانکا (۲۰۱۸) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بحران قانون اساسی سریلانکا (۲۰۱۸)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crise_constitutionnelle_srilankaise_de_2018" title="Crise constitutionnelle srilankaise de 2018 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Crise constitutionnelle srilankaise de 2018" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing: 2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">2018 Sri Lankan constitutional crisis</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#eeeeee;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Aftermath of the Sri Lankan Civil War">aftermath of the Sri Lankan Civil War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2015_Sri_Lankan_presidential_election" title="2015 Sri Lankan presidential election">2015 Sri Lankan presidential election</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; line-height: 1.5em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:128px;max-width:128px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:178px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Maithripala-_Russia_(portrait).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Maithripala-_Russia_%28portrait%29.jpg/126px-Maithripala-_Russia_%28portrait%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Maithripala-_Russia_%28portrait%29.jpg/189px-Maithripala-_Russia_%28portrait%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Maithripala-_Russia_%28portrait%29.jpg/252px-Maithripala-_Russia_%28portrait%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="667" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Maithripala_Sirisena" title="Maithripala Sirisena">Maithripala Sirisena</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:178px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_Ranil_Wickremesinghe_Portrait,_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Prime_Minister_Ranil_Wickremesinghe_Portrait%2C_2017.jpg/128px-Prime_Minister_Ranil_Wickremesinghe_Portrait%2C_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Prime_Minister_Ranil_Wickremesinghe_Portrait%2C_2017.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Ranil_Wickremesinghe" title="Ranil Wickremesinghe">Ranil Wickremesinghe</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:128px;max-width:128px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:178px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:WEF_on_the_Middle_East_Arab_and_foreign_Ministers_Crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/WEF_on_the_Middle_East_Arab_and_foreign_Ministers_Crop.jpg/126px-WEF_on_the_Middle_East_Arab_and_foreign_Ministers_Crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/WEF_on_the_Middle_East_Arab_and_foreign_Ministers_Crop.jpg/189px-WEF_on_the_Middle_East_Arab_and_foreign_Ministers_Crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/WEF_on_the_Middle_East_Arab_and_foreign_Ministers_Crop.jpg/252px-WEF_on_the_Middle_East_Arab_and_foreign_Ministers_Crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="729" data-file-height="1035" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Mahinda_Rajapaksa" title="Mahinda Rajapaksa">Mahinda Rajapaksa</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">26 October 2018 – 16 December 2018 (7 weeks and 2 days)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline;" class="location">Sri Lanka</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Caused by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div><ul><li>Dissolution of the 2015 National Unity Government</li><li>Appointment of former President <a href="/wiki/Mahinda_Rajapaksa" title="Mahinda Rajapaksa">Mahinda Rajapaksa</a> as Prime Minister</li><li>Sacking of incumbent Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ranil_Wickremesinghe" title="Ranil Wickremesinghe">Ranil Wickremesinghe</a></li><li>Suspension and dissolution of Parliament</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Methods</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Demonstration_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Demonstration (people)">Demonstrations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occupation_(protest)" title="Occupation (protest)">occupations</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">general strikes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Resulted in</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Ranil Wickremesinghe reappointed as Prime Minister <div><ul><li>Sudden Dismissal of Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe by President</li><li>Appointment of Mahinda Rajapaksa as Prime Minister by President</li><li>President Sirisena suspends parliament</li><li>Wickremesinghe refuses to accept dismissal and is held up at <a href="/wiki/Temple_Trees" title="Temple Trees">Temple Trees</a></li><li>Appointment of a New Cabinet</li><li>Allegations of bribery for cabinet positions</li><li>President Sirisena dissolves Parliament and orders <a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Election Commission of Sri Lanka">Election Commission</a> to hold Parliamentary elections</li><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Supreme Court of Sri Lanka">Supreme Court</a> temporarily stays President's proclamation dissolving parliament.</li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Parliament of Sri Lanka">Parliament</a> passes motion suspending the Government from spending state money</li><li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Court of Appeal of Sri Lanka">Court of Appeal</a> issues an interim order preventing Rajapaksa from functioning as Prime Minister and all other cabinet ministers in their portfolios</li><li>Supreme Court finds President's act of dissolving of Parliament to be unconstitutional and illegal and that the President's order of dissolving parliament was overturned</li><li>Supreme Court confirms the Court of Appeal interim order restricting the functions of the Prime Minister's office</li><li>Mahinda Rajapaksa backs down from claiming Prime Ministership</li><li>Ranil Wickremesinghe is reinstated as Prime Minister</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Parties</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><table style="width:100%; border-spacing:0; margin:0; text-align:left; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/15th_Parliament_of_Sri_Lanka" title="15th Parliament of Sri Lanka">Legislative branch</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Green_flag_waving.svg/14px-Green_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Green_flag_waving.svg/21px-Green_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Green_flag_waving.svg/28px-Green_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /> <a href="/wiki/United_National_Party" title="United National Party">United National Party</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_the_Federal_Party_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Federal_Party_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_the_Federal_Party_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Federal_Party_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_the_Federal_Party_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Federal_Party_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="164" /> <a href="/wiki/Tamil_National_Alliance" title="Tamil National Alliance">Tamil National Alliance</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_flag.svg/23px-Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_flag.svg/35px-Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_flag.svg/45px-Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /> <a href="/wiki/Janatha_Vimukthi_Peramuna" title="Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna">Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_the_Sri_Lanka_Muslim_Congress.png/20px-Flag_of_the_Sri_Lanka_Muslim_Congress.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_the_Sri_Lanka_Muslim_Congress.png/31px-Flag_of_the_Sri_Lanka_Muslim_Congress.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_the_Sri_Lanka_Muslim_Congress.png/40px-Flag_of_the_Sri_Lanka_Muslim_Congress.png 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="217" /> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Muslim_Congress" title="Sri Lanka Muslim Congress">Sri Lanka Muslim Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Progressive_Alliance" title="Tamil Progressive Alliance">Tamil Progressive Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Ceylon_Makkal_Congress" title="All Ceylon Makkal Congress">All Ceylon Makkal Congress</a></li></ul> <hr /> Pro UNP-Ranil protesters Pro Democracy protesters</div></td> <td style="width:50%; padding-left:0.25em; border-left:1px dotted #aaa"><div> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sri_Lanka#Executive_branch" title="Politics of Sri Lanka">Executive branch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Secretariat_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Presidential Secretariat (Sri Lanka)">Office of the President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Sri_Lanka_Police.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_the_Sri_Lanka_Police.gif/15px-Flag_of_the_Sri_Lanka_Police.gif" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_the_Sri_Lanka_Police.gif/23px-Flag_of_the_Sri_Lanka_Police.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_the_Sri_Lanka_Police.gif/30px-Flag_of_the_Sri_Lanka_Police.gif 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="217" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Police" title="Sri Lanka Police">Sri Lanka Police</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Blue_flag_waving.svg/14px-Blue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Blue_flag_waving.svg/21px-Blue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Blue_flag_waving.svg/28px-Blue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Freedom_Party" title="Sri Lanka Freedom Party">Sri Lanka Freedom Party</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Podujana_Peramuna" title="Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna">Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Eelam_People%E2%80%99s_Democratic_Party.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eelam_People%E2%80%99s_Democratic_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Eelam_People%E2%80%99s_Democratic_Party.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eelam_People%E2%80%99s_Democratic_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Eelam_People%E2%80%99s_Democratic_Party.svg/46px-Flag_of_Eelam_People%E2%80%99s_Democratic_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="591" /> <a href="/wiki/Eelam_People%27s_Democratic_Party" title="Eelam People's Democratic Party">Eelam People's Democratic Party</a></li></ul> <hr /> Pro Sirisena-Rajapaksa rallies</div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Lead figures</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244901718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-columns-text-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns>div{box-sizing:border-box;width:50%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns-3>div{width:33.33%}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns-4>div{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns>div:not(:first-child){border-left:1px dotted #aaa;padding-left:5px}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist infobox-columns infobox-columns-2 infobox-columns-text-left"> <div> <div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranil_Wickremesinghe" title="Ranil Wickremesinghe">Ranil Wickremesinghe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Karu_Jayasuriya" title="Karu Jayasuriya">Karu Jayasuriya</a></li></ul></div> </div> <div> <div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maithripala_Sirisena" title="Maithripala Sirisena">Maithripala Sirisena</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mahinda_Rajapaksa" title="Mahinda Rajapaksa">Mahinda Rajapaksa</a></li></ul></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Casualties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Death(s)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1<a href="#cite_note-CNN_3110-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_3110-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Injuries</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">3<a href="#cite_note-CNN_3110-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Arrested</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">2<a href="#cite_note-BBC_3110-2">[2]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> A <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_crisis" title="Constitutional crisis">constitutional crisis</a> began in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> when President <a href="/wiki/Maithripala_Sirisena" title="Maithripala Sirisena">Maithripala Sirisena</a> appointed former president and member of parliament <a href="/wiki/Mahinda_Rajapaksa" title="Mahinda Rajapaksa">Mahinda Rajapaksa</a> as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Prime Minister of Sri Lanka">prime minister</a> on 26 October 2018 before formally dismissing the incumbent <a href="/wiki/Ranil_Wickremesinghe" title="Ranil Wickremesinghe">Ranil Wickremesinghe</a>, resulting in two concurrent prime ministers. Wickremesinghe and the <a href="/wiki/United_National_Party" title="United National Party">United National Party</a> (UNP) viewed the appointment as illegal, and he refused to resign.<a href="#cite_note-Time_2910-3">[3]</a> Sirisena's sudden decision instigated "political turmoil in the country", and drew international criticism.<a href="#cite_note-Channel_NewsAsia_1111-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_3110-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-alja_2710-5">[5]</a> Wickremesinghe, the majority of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Parliament of Sri Lanka">parliament</a>, and opposition parties refused to acknowledge his removal and the appointment of Rajapaksa, stating that Sirisena's move was unconstitutional.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Aljazeera20181213-7">[7]</a> Wickremesinghe claimed that he still commands a majority in parliament and requested that <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Parliament_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka">Speaker of the Parliament</a> <a href="/wiki/Karu_Jayasuriya" title="Karu Jayasuriya">Karu Jayasuriya</a> convene parliament immediately.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Sirisena ignored all calls to reconvene parliament and on 27 October <a href="/wiki/Prorogued" class="mw-redirect" title="Prorogued">prorogued</a> parliament, delaying its meeting till 16 November.<a href="#cite_note-auto-9">[9]</a> After an attempt to form a new <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Cabinet of Sri Lanka">cabinet of ministers</a> with Rajapaksa as prime minister failed, Sirisena attempted to dissolve parliament on 9 November. The UNP declared the move unconstitutional and subsequently the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Supreme Court of Sri Lanka">Supreme Court</a> stayed Sirisena's dissolution until December 2018, when it ruled that the move was unconstitutional and illegal.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-sc_stays-11">[11]</a> Rajapaksa backed down from claiming the office and Wickremesinghe was once again reinstated, ending the crisis after 7 weeks of political and economic turmoil. The roots of the crisis date back to the late Rajapaksa presidency. After the end of the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Civil War">Sri Lankan Civil War</a>, Rajapaksa's presidency had become increasingly authoritarian.<a href="#cite_note-CNN_3110-1">[1]</a> During his time in office, President Rajapaksa had expanded the power of the presidency significantly and <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sri_Lanka_relations" title="China–Sri Lanka relations">strengthened ties with China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Foreign_Affairs_040119-12">[12]</a> He and <a href="/wiki/Rajapaksa_family" title="Rajapaksa family">his close family</a> have been accused of and are currently under investigation for <a href="/wiki/Corruption" title="Corruption">corruption</a>,<a href="#cite_note-BBC_3110-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> and the former president has also been accused of <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a> and human rights violations.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_2610-14">[14]</a> The crisis was triggered by a false allegation of an assassination plot against President Sirisena. The crisis lasted seven weeks and had a lasting political and economic impact on the country.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters_270219-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post_270219-16">[16]</a> Due to the fragile <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan economy">Sri Lankan economy</a> the crisis cost the country a billion US dollars in reserves, dropping from $7.991 billion in <a href="/wiki/Foreign-exchange_reserves" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign-exchange reserves">forex reserves</a> to $6.985 billion.<a href="#cite_note-economynext_100119-17">[17]</a> The Sri Lankan rupee ultimately devalued by 3.8% during the same time, while US$312.9 million, in the form of <a href="/wiki/Treasury_bonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Treasury bonds">treasury bonds</a>, and US$29.8 million in the form of <a href="/wiki/Treasury_bills" class="mw-redirect" title="Treasury bills">treasury bills</a> left the country.<a href="#cite_note-economynext_100119-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-dailymirror_100119-18">[18]</a> Sri Lanka's credit was also downgraded as a result of the crisis,<a href="#cite_note-moodys.com-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-dailymirror.lk-20">[20]</a> while the United States and Japanese governments froze more than a billion US dollars worth of development aid. November saw industrial activity in Sri Lanka slow as a result of the crisis, falling 3.7% from October to November, the largest seen since it began in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-economynext.com-21">[21]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rajapaksa_presidency">Rajapaksa presidency</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rajapaksa presidency">edit</a>]</div> The presidency of Mahinda Rajapaksa, from 2005 to 2015 was an increasingly authoritarian regime<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> characterized by the diminishing <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Human rights in Sri Lanka">human rights in the country</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">nepotism</a>, weakening of government institutions, slow progress of national reconciliation in the <a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Aftermath of the Sri Lankan Civil War">aftermath of the Sri Lankan Civil War</a>, and close ties to China.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_2610-23">[23]</a> Before serving as president, Rajapaksa also served as prime minister. In 2009, Rajapaksa ended the 27-year long <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Civil War">Sri Lankan Civil War</a>, but has been accused of <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a> and human rights abuses.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_2610-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT_211-24">[24]</a> At the height of his power, Rajapaksa and <a href="/wiki/Rajapaksa_family" title="Rajapaksa family">his family</a> controlled 80 percent of the national budget where Rajapaksa simultaneously served as finance minister and four other cabinet posts on top of the presidency, while his three brothers served as the defence secretary and ministers of economy and ports and the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Parliament_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka">Speaker of the Parliament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_2610-23">[23]</a> Many of those, including journalists, who were critical of him disappeared.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_2610-23">[23]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>, in the aftermath of the Sri Lankan Civil War, Rajapaksa borrowed "billions of dollars" from China to build infrastructure projects, though these had little economic value to the country.<a href="#cite_note-News.com_1111-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg_1111-26">[26]</a> These projects were seen as vanity projects or <a href="/wiki/White_elephant" title="White elephant">white elephants</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_Aneez-Sirilal-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2015_presidential_election">2015 presidential election</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 2015 presidential election">edit</a>]</div> In response to the degrading democracy in the country, the <a href="/wiki/United_National_Party" title="United National Party">United National Party</a> (UNP), along with several other parties and civil organisations, signed a <a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_Understanding" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorandum of Understanding">Memorandum of Understanding</a> and decided to field the then Secretary General of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Freedom_Party" title="Sri Lanka Freedom Party">Sri Lanka Freedom Party</a> (SLFP), <a href="/wiki/Maithripala_Sirisena" title="Maithripala Sirisena">Maithripala Sirisena</a>, as the Common Candidate for the <a href="/wiki/2015_Sri_Lankan_presidential_election" title="2015 Sri Lankan presidential election">2015 Presidential Election</a>. Sirisena, a former health minister under Rajapaksa, pledged to appoint UNP Leader <a href="/wiki/Ranil_Wickremesinghe" title="Ranil Wickremesinghe">Ranil Wickremesinghe</a> as the Prime Minister if he were to win the election.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_2610-23">[23]</a> Sirisena won the January 2015 election and became the 7th President of Sri Lanka and appointed Wickremesinghe as the Prime Minister as promised. The presidential election was followed by a <a href="/wiki/2015_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="2015 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">General Parliamentary Elections</a>, held on 17 August 2015, in which the UNP-lead coalition gained 106 seats in the Parliament and formed a National Government with several other parties. Wickremesinghe and the UNP came to power promising accountability for alleged atrocities committed during the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lanka civil war">Sri Lanka civil war</a> and during the Rajapaksa presidency.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_3110-2">[2]</a> Following the 2015 election defeat, Mahinda Rajapaksa held India's intelligence service, <a href="/wiki/Research_and_Analysis_Wing" title="Research and Analysis Wing">Research and Analysis Wing</a> (RAW), among those responsible for the change in regime.<a href="#cite_note-The_Hindu_1610-28">[28]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> also welcomed Rajapaksa's defeat, claiming that the former leader had strained ties with them while moving the country closer to China.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_2610-23">[23]</a> A <a href="/wiki/National_unity_government#Sri_Lanka" title="National unity government">national unity government</a> was formed, which passed the <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka">Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka</a> on 28 April 2015, stipulating that the Prime Minister should remain in office for as long as his cabinet functions, unless he resigns or ceases to be a member of parliament.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uneasy_coalition">Uneasy coalition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Uneasy coalition">edit</a>]</div> The Sirisena-Wickremesinghe government had been struggling to repay the debts incurred during the Rajapaksa presidency. The <a href="/wiki/Magampura_Mahinda_Rajapaksa_Port" class="mw-redirect" title="Magampura Mahinda Rajapaksa Port">Magampura Mahinda Rajapaksa Port</a>, built with Chinese money, was handed over to Beijing in a 99-year lease in 2017 as a form of payment.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_2610-23">[23]</a> Sri Lanka also recorded just 3.1% <a href="/wiki/Economic_growth" title="Economic growth">economic growth rate</a>, the lowest for 16 years in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> By 2018, following Mahinda Rajapaksa's proxy <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Podujana_Peramuna" title="Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna">Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna</a> winning a landslide victory in the <a href="/wiki/2018_Sri_Lankan_local_elections" title="2018 Sri Lankan local elections">2018 local authority elections</a>, disputes among the members of the National Government began to surface and a major rift between the president and prime minister appeared.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Sirisena claimed Wickremesinghe to have led to the loss of 11 billion Sri Lankan rupees ($65 million; £50 million) in the <a href="/wiki/Ranil_Wickremesinghe#Government_bonds_controversy" title="Ranil Wickremesinghe">controversial central bank bond sale</a>, and also alleged that a cabinet minister was involved in a plot to kill him and that police had obstructed an investigation.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_3110-2">[2]</a> In 2017 opinion poll conducted by the Centre for Policy Alternatives revealed Fifty-six percent of respondents are unhappy with the coalition government. Specially 63 percent of majority <a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_people" title="Sinhalese people">Sinhalese</a> respondents.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_high_courts_for_bribery_and_corruption_cases">Special high courts for bribery and corruption cases</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Special high courts for bribery and corruption cases">edit</a>]</div> In May 2018, the Sri Lanka parliament approved a <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Sri_Lanka#Special_High_Court" title="High Court of Sri Lanka">special high court</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> that would expedite the hearing and trial of bribery and corruption related cases. The concept for the <a href="/wiki/High_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court">High Court</a> <a href="/wiki/Trial_at_bar" title="Trial at bar">Trial-at-Bar</a> was instituted with the passage of amendments to the Judicature Act, the purpose of expediting cases from the Rajapaksa Government era.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> The Sunday Times of 15 July 2018 stated that "the former Sri Lanka Insurance Corporation chairman Gamini Senarath and its Managing Director Piyadasa Kudabalage will be the first to be indicted before the newly set up court."<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Senarath was the chief of staff of former president Mahinda Rajapaksa. The Special Courts are also strongly regarded as a factor in the creation of the 2018 Constitutional Crisis. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alleged_assassination_attempt">Alleged assassination attempt</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Alleged assassination attempt">edit</a>]</div> Reports of an assassination plot emerged in September when an individual named Namal Kumara claimed he was aware of a plan to assassinate President Sirisena and former Defence Secretary <a href="/wiki/Gotabaya_Rajapaksa" title="Gotabaya Rajapaksa">Gotabaya Rajapaksa</a>. Kumara was interrogated by the <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Investigation_Department_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Criminal Investigation Department (Sri Lanka)">Criminal Investigation Department</a> (CID), and in late September the police arrested an Indian national, Marceli Thomas, from Kerala, claiming he knew of the plot.<a href="#cite_note-The_Hindu_1610-28">[28]</a> Kumara alleged the Director of the Terrorism Investigation Division (TID) of the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Police" title="Sri Lanka Police">Sri Lanka Police</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Inspector_General_of_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Inspector General of Police">Deputy Inspector General of Police</a> <a href="/wiki/Nalaka_de_Silva" title="Nalaka de Silva">Nalaka de Silva</a> had masterminded the plot.<a href="#cite_note-NDTV_2610-37">[37]</a> Nalaka de Silva was suspended pending a formal investigation by the CID and later arrested by CID on 25 October under the <a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_Terrorism_Act_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Prevention of Terrorism Act (Sri Lanka)">Prevention of Terrorism Act</a> and remanded till 7 November.<a href="#cite_note-Daily_News_2610-38">[38]</a> In mid October 2018, Indian newspaper <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a> reported that Sirisena told Cabinet members that India's intelligence service, <a href="/wiki/Research_and_Analysis_Wing" title="Research and Analysis Wing">Research and Analysis Wing</a> (RAW), had devised a plot to assassinate him, though Sirisena denied the report.<a href="#cite_note-The_Hindu_1610-28">[28]</a> Sirisena in the cabinet meeting told Ministers that RAW was "trying to kill" him, but "Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> may not be aware of the plan."<a href="#cite_note-The_Hindu_1610-28">[28]</a> On 18 October 2018, a statement released by India's <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(India)" title="Prime Minister's Office (India)">Prime Minister Office</a> (PMO) said that Sirisena called Indian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> to reject the media reports about him alluding to the involvement of India in the alleged assassination plot. Sirisena also stated that he "regards the [Indian] Prime Minister as a true friend of Sri Lanka, as also a close personal friend. He stressed that he greatly valued the mutually beneficial ties between India and Sri Lanka, and remained steadfast to work with the Prime Minister for further strengthening them."<a href="#cite_note-India_today-39">[39]</a> On 26 October 2018, the <a href="/wiki/United_People%27s_Freedom_Alliance" title="United People's Freedom Alliance">United People's Freedom Alliance</a> (UPFA) withdrew from the government, ending the national government that was in place since 2015.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The same day, Sirisena also alleged that a cabinet minister was involved but did not name the cabinet minister. However said "Under these political problems, economic troubles, and the strong plot to assassinate me, the only alternative open to me was to invite former president Mahinda Rajapaksa and appoint him as Prime Minister to form a new government."<a href="#cite_note-CNN_3110-1">[1]</a> In February 2019 Sri Lankan police refused to press charges against Indian national, Marceli Thomas and cleared the man of wrongdoing due to lack of evidence. "There is no sufficient evidence to file charges against him and we will not file charges against him", S. Wijesuriya, an investigating official, told the Colombo Magistrate Court.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters_270219-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post_270219-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline_of_events">Timeline of events</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Timeline of events">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Two_Prime_Ministers">Two Prime Ministers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Two Prime Ministers">edit</a>]</div> The president's UPFA had earlier on Friday, 26 October, quit the national unity government that had governed with Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ranil_Wickremesinghe" title="Ranil Wickremesinghe">Ranil Wickremesinghe</a>'s UNP.<a href="#cite_note-Economic_Times_2710-41">[41]</a> Later at about 7:00 pm without a prior announcement, President <a href="/wiki/Maithripala_Sirisena" title="Maithripala Sirisena">Maithripala Sirisena</a> unexpectedly appointed former president Mahinda Rajapaksa as prime minister in a live swearing-in ceremony broadcast over television. Rajapaksa took an oath of office in the presence of Sirisena and representatives of the military inside the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Secretariat_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Presidential Secretariat (Sri Lanka)">Presidential Secretariat</a>. He was sworn in while Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe was still the incumbent and away touring in the south of the country.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_Aneez-Sirilal-27">[27]</a> The situation in Colombo was uneasy with some cabinet ministers immediately declaring the move unconstitutional, while other Cabinet ministers and parliamentarians began defecting to the new government.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_2610-23">[23]</a> Wickremesinghe addressed the nation saying, "I am addressing you as the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka. I still hold the majority of the house. [...] Convene parliament and I will prove it." Three ministers, including <a href="/wiki/Mangala_Samaraweera" title="Mangala Samaraweera">Mangala Samaraweera</a> and Cabinet Spokesman <a href="/wiki/Rajitha_Senaratne" title="Rajitha Senaratne">Rajitha Senaratne</a>, tried to address the nation during a live television program.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_Aneez-Sirilal-27">[27]</a> That day Rajapaksa loyalists stormed two state-owned television networks which they regarded loyal to Wickremesinghe and the sitting government, including <a href="/wiki/Rupavahini" class="mw-redirect" title="Rupavahini">Rupavahini</a>, and forced them off the air. Troops were brought in to protect the channel's staff.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_2610-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Economic_Times_2710-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_3110-2">[2]</a> Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/Mangala_Samaraweera" title="Mangala Samaraweera">Mangala Samaraweera</a> tweeted that Rajapaksa's appointment was "unconstitutional and illegal. This is an anti-democratic coup," saying Wickramasinghe remained leader as he could not constitutionally be removed by the president.<a href="#cite_note-economictimes-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT_2610-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_2610-14">[14]</a> While UPFA MP <a href="/wiki/Susil_Premajayantha" title="Susil Premajayantha">Susil Premajayantha</a> told reporters that a new cabinet would be sworn in soon.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_Aneez-Sirilal-27">[27]</a> <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Parliament_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka">Speaker of the Parliament</a> <a href="/wiki/Karu_Jayasuriya" title="Karu Jayasuriya">Karu Jayasuriya</a> said he was to decide on Saturday (27th), after seeking legal advice, whether to recognise Rajapaksa or not. The Parliament was not due to meet until 5 November when the 2019 national budget was to be presented. The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Supreme Court of Sri Lanka">Supreme Court</a>, which is empowered to resolve constitutional disputes, was shut for the weekend, to be reopened on Monday.<a href="#cite_note-Economic_Times_2710-41">[41]</a> On 27 October President Sirisena issued a formal notice for Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe to step down. Sirisena later issued gazettes formalising and defending the dramatic move.<a href="#cite_note-Economic_Times_2710-41">[41]</a> Wickremesinghe however entered <a href="/wiki/Temple_Trees" title="Temple Trees">Temple Trees</a>, the prime minister's residence, refusing to accept the appointment of Mahinda Rajapaksa and his dismissal, insisting in a letter to Sirisena that he was still in office. Sirisena and Rajapaksa announced their intent to form a new cabinet.<a href="#cite_note-Economic_Times_2710-41">[41]</a> Nalaka Kaluwewa, an Acting Additional Secretary in the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Secretariat_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Presidential Secretariat (Sri Lanka)">Presidential Secretariat</a>, was appointed as Acting Director General of Information under the instructions of President Sirisena.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The day after Rajapaksa's appointment, the Parliament, which was due to meet on 5 November to discuss the budget for the next year, was <a href="/wiki/Prorogued" class="mw-redirect" title="Prorogued">prorogued</a> by the President, delaying its meeting till 16 November.<a href="#cite_note-auto-9">[9]</a> President Sirisena stated on Saturday night that the main reason for him to form a new government with Mahinda Rajapaksa as prime minister was the alleged plot to assassinate him. He claimed that the name of <a href="/wiki/Sarath_Fonseka" title="Sarath Fonseka">Sarath Fonseka</a> had come up in the investigation of the CID but was suppressed.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> On 27 October, <a href="/wiki/Mangala_Samaraweera" title="Mangala Samaraweera">Mangala Samaraweera</a> tweeted that the security personnel and official verticals assigned to the Prime Minister were withdrawn from Wickremesinghe and assigned to Rajapaksa on orders from the President.<a href="#cite_note-adaderana-45">[45]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Inspector_General_of_Police_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Inspector General of Police (Sri Lanka)">Inspector General of Police</a> (IGP) <a href="/wiki/Pujith_Jayasundara" title="Pujith Jayasundara">Jayasundara</a> had ordered the 1,008 police and <a href="/wiki/Special_Task_Force_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Special Task Force (Sri Lanka)">STF</a> personnel assigned to Wickremesinghe as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Security_Division" title="Prime Minister's Security Division">Prime Ministerial security</a> to be withdrawn and replaced with 10 police personnel from the Ministerial Security Division (MSD). The security details of ministers of the former government have been also reduced to the levels provided to parliamentarians.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> China, Burundi and Pakistan had recognised Mahinda Rajapaksa as prime minister. Chinese president <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> was one of the first to congratulate the pro-Beijing leader.<a href="#cite_note-News18_111-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calls_to_reconvene_Parliament">Calls to reconvene Parliament</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Calls to reconvene Parliament">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karu_Jayasuriya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Karu_Jayasuriya.jpg/200px-Karu_Jayasuriya.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Karu_Jayasuriya.jpg/300px-Karu_Jayasuriya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Karu_Jayasuriya.jpg/400px-Karu_Jayasuriya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1906" data-file-height="2542" /></a><figcaption>Karu Jayasuriya, Speaker of Parliament</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Parliament_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka">Speaker of Parliament</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karu_Jayasuriya" title="Karu Jayasuriya">Karu Jayasuriya</a> requested the President to reconvene parliament following consultations with party leaders of the <a href="/wiki/United_National_Party" title="United National Party">UNP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illankai_Tamil_Arasu_Kachchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi">ITAK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janatha_Vimukthi_Peramuna" title="Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna">JVP</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Muslim_Congress" title="Sri Lanka Muslim Congress">SLMC</a> on 30 October.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney General">Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Jayantha_Jayasuriya" title="Jayantha Jayasuriya">Jayantha Jayasuriya</a> stated that it is inappropriate for him to express an opinion on the matter, in response to a request for comment by the Speaker.<a href="#cite_note-Onlanka_1111-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-Daily_Mirror_1031-50">[50]</a> UPFA MP <a href="/wiki/Susil_Premajayantha" title="Susil Premajayantha">Susil Premajayantha</a> stated that Parliament would reconvene on 16 November as per the Gazette and not on 5 November as said by Rajapaksa the day before.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> On 2 November 119 MPs from several parties met and passed a resolution calling for immediate convention of Parliament claiming that the removal of the Prime Minister and the appointment of another was unconstitutional. The Speaker has stated that the President agreed to convene Parliament on 7 November. However, if the President fails to issue the gazette notification to convene Parliament, the Speaker has stated that he will convene Parliament on 7 November under the powers vested in him.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Speaker Jayasuriya later in a statement announced that he will not accept any changes that had happened in Sri Lanka after 26 October until they are verified in parliament.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> On 7 November UPFA MP <a href="/wiki/Lakshman_Yapa_Abeywardena" title="Lakshman Yapa Abeywardena">Lakshman Yapa Abeywardena</a> said that the only item on Parliamentary agenda on 14 November is the policy statement by President Sirisena.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> President Sirisena met with a <a href="/wiki/Tamil_National_Alliance" title="Tamil National Alliance">Tamil National Alliance</a> (TNA) delegation whom he asked to abstain from a vote of no confidence if it were moved. The TNA told Sirisena it had taken a decision to vote against the appointment of Mahinda Rajapaksa as the Prime Minister. The President in response is reported to have said that he will not reappoint Ranil Wickremesinghe as the Prime Minister, even if his party secured a majority in Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> While making an address on 8 November the SLFP executive committee meeting Sirisena said that "he had used only one trump card and there were more trump cards still in his hand", and that he would not go back on any decisions that he had taken already, during this crisis. Sirisena said he was going to make a request to the UNP to support the government's work plan when Parliament reconvenes on the 14th.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_911-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The UNP said it would explore the possibility of removing President Sirisena in <a href="/wiki/Conformity" title="Conformity">conformity</a> with Article 38 (2) of the Constitution. The <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Progressive_Alliance" title="Tamil Progressive Alliance">Tamil Progressive Alliance</a> (TPA) responded it would not support any impeachment move as, while they do not support the appointment of Rajapaksa, "they are not in favour of adding more fire to the current crisis".<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sirisena-Rajapaksa_cabinet_appointments">Sirisena-Rajapaksa cabinet appointments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sirisena-Rajapaksa cabinet appointments">edit</a>]</div> <table class="infobox" style="width:auto;text-align:left;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:1em; margin-right:0; float:right; clear:right;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" style="line-height:1.5em;font-size:110%;background:#DCDCDC;text-align:center">2018 Sri Lankan constitutional crisis cabinet</th></tr><tr><th>Office</th><th>Name</th><th>Term</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#000"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Prime Minister of Sri Lanka">Prime Minister</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Mahinda_Rajapaksa" title="Mahinda Rajapaksa">Mahinda Rajapaksa</a></th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_and_Economic_Affairs_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs (Sri Lanka)">Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Mahinda_Rajapaksa" title="Mahinda Rajapaksa">Mahinda Rajapaksa</a></th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Industry_and_Commerce_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Industry and Commerce (Sri Lanka)">Minister of Industry and Commerce</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Mahinda_Yapa_Abeywardena" title="Mahinda Yapa Abeywardena">Mahinda Yapa Abeywardena</a></th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Agriculture_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Agriculture (Sri Lanka)">Minister of Agriculture</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Mahinda_Amaraweera" title="Mahinda Amaraweera">Mahinda Amaraweera</a>*</th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Sri Lanka)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Sarath_Amunugama_(politician)" title="Sarath Amunugama (politician)">Sarath Amunugama</a>*</th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Plantation_Industries_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Plantation Industries (Sri Lanka)">Minister of Plantation Industries</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/S._M._Chandrasena" title="S. M. Chandrasena">S. M. Chandrasena</a></th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Transport_and_Civil_Aviation_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation (Sri Lanka)">Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Nimal_Siripala_de_Silva" title="Nimal Siripala de Silva">Nimal Siripala de Silva</a>*</th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Resettlement,_Rehabilitation,_Northern_Development_and_Hindu_Religious_Affairs_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Resettlement, Rehabilitation, Northern Development and Hindu Religious Affairs (Sri Lanka)">Minister of Resettlement, Rehabilitation, Northern Development...</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Devananda" title="Douglas Devananda">Douglas Devananda</a></th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Irrigation,_Water_Resources_and_Disaster_Management_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Irrigation, Water Resources and Disaster Management (Sri Lanka)">Minister of Irrigation, Water Resources and Disaster Management</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Duminda_Dissanayake" title="Duminda Dissanayake">Duminda Dissanayake</a>*</th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Highways_and_Road_Development_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Highways and Road Development (Sri Lanka)">Minister of Highways and Road Development</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/S._B._Dissanayake" title="S. B. Dissanayake">S. B. Dissanayake</a></th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minister_of_Trade,_Consumer_Affairs,_Co-operative_Development_and_Christian_Religious_Affairs_(Sri_Lanka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minister of Trade, Consumer Affairs, Co-operative Development and Christian Religious Affairs (Sri Lanka) (page does not exist)">Minister of Trade, Consumer Affairs, Co-operative Development...</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Fernando" title="Johnston Fernando">Johnston Fernando</a></th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Buddha_Sasana_and_Religious_Affairs_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Buddha Sasana and Religious Affairs (Sri Lanka)">Minister of Buddha Sasana and Religious Affairs</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Udaya_Gammanpila" title="Udaya Gammanpila">Udaya Gammanpila</a></th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minister_of_International_Trade_and_Investment_Promotion_(Sri_Lanka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minister of International Trade and Investment Promotion (Sri Lanka) (page does not exist)">Minister of International Trade and Investment Promotion</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Bandula_Gunawardena" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandula Gunawardena">Bandula Gunawardena</a></th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Megapolis_and_Western_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Megapolis and Western Development">Minister of Megapolis and Western Development</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_Gunawardena" title="Dinesh Gunawardena">Dinesh Gunawardena</a></th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_City_Planning_and_Water_Supply_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of City Planning and Water Supply (Sri Lanka)">Minister of City Planning and Water Supply</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/M._L._A._M._Hizbullah" title="M. L. A. M. Hizbullah">M. L. A. M. Hizbullah</a></th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Skills_Development_and_Vocational_Training_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Skills Development and Vocational Training (Sri Lanka)">Minister of Skills Development and Vocational Training</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Dayasiri_Jayasekara" title="Dayasiri Jayasekara">Dayasiri Jayasekara</a></th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Labour,_Foreign_Employment_and_Petroleum_Resources_Development_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Labour, Foreign Employment and Petroleum Resources Development (Sri Lanka)">Minister of Labour, Foreign Employment and Petroleum...</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Gamini_Lokuge" title="Gamini Lokuge">Gamini Lokuge</a></th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Provincial_Councils,_Local_Government_and_Sports_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Provincial Councils, Local Government and Sports (Sri Lanka)">Minister of Provincial Councils, Local Government and Sports</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Faiszer_Musthapha" title="Faiszer Musthapha">Faiszer Musthapha</a>*</th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Integration,_Reconciliation,_and_Official_Languages_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of National Integration, Reconciliation, and Official Languages (Sri Lanka)">Minister of National Integration, Reconciliation, and Official Languages</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Vasudeva_Nanayakkara" title="Vasudeva Nanayakkara">Vasudeva Nanayakkara</a></th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Cultural_Affairs,_Internal_Affairs_and_Regional_Development_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Cultural Affairs, Internal Affairs and Regional Development (Sri Lanka)">Minister of Cultural Affairs, Internal Affairs and Regional Development</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/S._B._Nawinne" title="S. B. Nawinne">S. B. Nawinne</a>*</th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minister_of_Public_Administration,_Home_Affairs_and_Justice_(Sri_Lanka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minister of Public Administration, Home Affairs and Justice (Sri Lanka) (page does not exist)">Minister of Public Administration, Home Affairs and Justice</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Susil_Premajayantha" title="Susil Premajayantha">Susil Premajayantha</a></th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Health,_Nutrition_and_Indigenous_Medicine_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Health, Nutrition and Indigenous Medicine (Sri Lanka)">Minister of Health, Nutrition and Indigenous Medicine</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Chamal_Rajapaksa" title="Chamal Rajapaksa">Chamal Rajapaksa</a></th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Education_and_Higher_Education_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Education and Higher Education (Sri Lanka)">Minister of Education and Higher Education</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Wijeyadasa_Rajapakshe" title="Wijeyadasa Rajapakshe">Wijeyadasa Rajapakshe</a>*</th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Posts_and_Telecommunications_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Posts and Telecommunications (Sri Lanka)">Minister of Posts and Telecommunications</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/C._B._Ratnayake" title="C. B. Ratnayake">C. B. Ratnayake</a></th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Ports_and_Shipping_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Ports and Shipping (Sri Lanka)">Minister of Ports and Shipping</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Mahinda_Samarasinghe" title="Mahinda Samarasinghe">Mahinda Samarasinghe</a>*</th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Tourism_and_Wild_Life_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Tourism and Wild Life (Sri Lanka)">Minister of Tourism and Wild Life</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Wasantha_Senanayake" class="mw-redirect" title="Wasantha Senanayake">Wasantha Senanayake</a></th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Power_and_Renewable_Energy_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Power and Renewable Energy (Sri Lanka)">Minister of Power and Renewable Energy</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Ranjith_Siyambalapitiya" title="Ranjith Siyambalapitiya">Ranjith Siyambalapitiya</a>*</th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Fisheries,_Aquatic_Resources_Development_and_Rural_Economic_Affairs_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Fisheries, Aquatic Resources Development and Rural Economic Affairs (Sri Lanka)">Minister of Fisheries, Aquatic Resources Development and Rural...</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Gamini_Vijith_Vijithamuni_Soysa" title="Gamini Vijith Vijithamuni Soysa">Gamini Vijith Vijithamuni Soysa</a>*</th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minister_of_Hill_Country_New_Villages,_Infrastructure_and_Community...&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minister of Hill Country New Villages, Infrastructure and Community... (page does not exist)">Minister of Hill Country New Villages, Infrastructure and Community...</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Arumugam_Thondaman" title="Arumugam Thondaman">Arumugam Thondaman</a></th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background:#D1D1D1"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Housing_and_Social_Welfare_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Housing and Social Welfare (Sri Lanka)">Minister of Housing and Social Welfare</a></td><th style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Wimal_Weerawansa" title="Wimal Weerawansa">Wimal Weerawansa</a></th><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:#D1D1D1 2px solid">*Retained from previous administration</td></tr></tbody></table> On 29 October, President <a href="/wiki/Maithripala_Sirisena" title="Maithripala Sirisena">Maitripala Sirisena</a> appointed the first members of a new cabinet at the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Secretariat_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Presidential Secretariat (Sri Lanka)">Presidential Secretariat</a> in <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a>, with four UNP MPs appointed as ministers including <a href="/wiki/Wijeyadasa_Rajapakshe" title="Wijeyadasa Rajapakshe">Wijeyadasa Rajapakshe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vadivel_Suresh" title="Vadivel Suresh">Vadivel Suresh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vasantha_Senanayake" title="Vasantha Senanayake">Vasantha Senanayake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ananda_Aluthgamage" title="Ananda Aluthgamage">Ananda Aluthgamage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> UNP MP <a href="/wiki/Dunesh_Gankanda" title="Dunesh Gankanda">Dunesh Gankanda</a> was sworn in as State Minister of Environment along with a dozen secretaries to various ministries on 30 October.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> UNP MP <a href="/wiki/Ashoka_Priyantha" title="Ashoka Priyantha">Ashoka Priyantha</a> was appointed on 4 November as Deputy Minister of Cultural and Internal Affairs, and Regional Development (Wayamba).<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> While UPFA MPs <a href="/wiki/Dinesh_Gunawardena" title="Dinesh Gunawardena">Dinesh Gunawardena</a> was appointed Minister of Megapolis and Western Development; <a href="/wiki/Vasudeva_Nanayakkara" title="Vasudeva Nanayakkara">Vasudeva Nanayakkara</a>, Minister of National Integration, Reconciliation, and Official Languages and <a href="/wiki/Keheliya_Rambukwella" title="Keheliya Rambukwella">Keheliya Rambukwella</a> State Minister of Mass Media and Digital Infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> On 6 November Deputy Minister of Labour and Foreign Employment and UPFA MP Manusha Nanayakkara resigned from his ministerial position and pledged support to Ranil Wickremesinghe. Nanayakkara says that staying true to his heart he cannot join or participate in the recent appointments made and the change in government.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> UPFA MP <a href="/wiki/Dinesh_Gunawardena" title="Dinesh Gunawardena">Dinesh Gunawardena</a> was appointed <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Leader of the House (Sri Lanka)">Leader of the House</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Colombo_Gazette_311-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bribery_allegations">Bribery allegations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bribery allegations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 250; clear: Right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pl5Wni82H4M">Audio recording of a call</a> from <a href="/wiki/S._B._Dissanayake" title="S. B. Dissanayake">S. B. Dissanayake</a> to <a href="/wiki/Palitha_Range_Bandara" title="Palitha Range Bandara">Palitha Range Bandara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Guardian" title="Sri Lanka Guardian">Sri Lanka Guardian</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXFkgKAc5tw">Hirunika Premachandra's Bribe Offer</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0DWflG8kVM">Daily Mirror interview ahead of the Supreme Court ruling</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Mirror_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka)">Daily Mirror</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=io_SSsASlGo">Sirisena's Casual Remarks On Bribing MPs In Parliament</a>, Colombo Telegraph</td></tr></tbody></table> In an effort to show a majority in parliament for a vote of confidence the Sirisena-Rajapaksa group have been seeking defections from opposing parties in an attempt to reach 113 MPs. Amid these attempts have been claims of bribery and threats against those opposing the Sirisena-Rajapaksa group.<a href="#cite_note-economynext_081218-66">[66]</a> UNP MP <a href="/wiki/Hirunika_Premachandra" title="Hirunika Premachandra">Hirunika Premachandra</a>'s political career had been threatened, over a phone call to her aunt, if she failed to accept a ministerial portfolio with the Sirisena-Rajapaksa group.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> The UNP alleged that Rajapaksa loyalists had been luring its MPs to support Sirisena and Rajapaksa with the offer of significant bribes and ministerial portfolios. Some say they have been offered over Rs. 500 million (US$2,796,150, Dec 2018) to defect. Another UNP legislator claimed he had been approached by Sirisena's party to defect with an offer of 500 million rupees and an apartment in Malaysia along with free passage for the entire family to a foreign destination. Some UNP MPs have said the bribery is being financed by China, which Beijing has denied.<a href="#cite_note-economynext_081218-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <a href="/wiki/Namal_Rajapaksa" title="Namal Rajapaksa">Namal Rajapaksa</a> responded on Twitter saying his party had no information about bribes.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_021118-69">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Palitha_Range_Bandara" title="Palitha Range Bandara">Palitha Range Bandara</a> told Speaker Jayasuriya he had been offered a bribe of Rs. 500 million to defect to Mr. Rajapaksa's party.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_021118-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-economynext_031118-70">[70]</a> On 3 November, the UNP released an audio recording, which claimed to attempt to buy UNP MPs which contained a phone conversation allegedly taken place between UPFA MP <a href="/wiki/S._B._Dissanayake" title="S. B. Dissanayake">S. B. Dissanayake</a> and UNP MP <a href="/wiki/Palitha_Range_Bandara" title="Palitha Range Bandara">Palitha Range Bandara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Bandara said he would hand over the electronic and documentary evidence to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Commission_to_Investigate_Allegations_of_Bribery_or_Corruption&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commission to Investigate Allegations of Bribery or Corruption (page does not exist)">Bribery Commission</a> to file a complaint.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_021118-69">[69]</a> Members of the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Muslim_Congress" title="Sri Lanka Muslim Congress">Sri Lanka Muslim Congress</a>, who have 7 MPs, have said its members have been approached with offers to join the Sirisena-Rajapaksa camp.<a href="#cite_note-economynext_031118-70">[70]</a> In an interview, with the <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Mirror_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka)">Daily Mirror</a> in early December, President Sirisena confirmed the bribery allegations made by the UNP remarking he personally knew about the situation. "Some MPs even asked for Rs. 500 million ($2,796,150 USD, Dec 2018) to crossover. I personally know about such situations. It was like calling for tenders. That is why Mahinda Rajapaksa could not show a majority in Parliament" he said.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Sirisena openly admitted his candidate for Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa attempted to bribe members of parliament in order to show majority in the House, he went on to say that the current crisis could have been avoided had he been able to the 113 MPs.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> However he said he "believes that Mahinda Rajapaksa couldn't show majority because MPs demanded millions, as high as Rs. 500 million to crossover.<a href="#cite_note-economynext_081218-66">[66]</a> The <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Mirror_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka)">Daily Mirror</a> later removed the video of the interview from its Facebook page upon coming under increasing pressure from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=President%27s_Media_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President's Media Division (page does not exist)">President's Media Division</a>. The video was replaced with an audio based short video of photographs of Sirisena. A second version did not carry Sirisena's remarks about MPs asking for bribes.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dissolution_of_parliament_and_elections">Dissolution of parliament and elections</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Dissolution of parliament and elections">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gazette_2096.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Gazette_2096.pdf/page1-220px-Gazette_2096.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Gazette_2096.pdf/page1-330px-Gazette_2096.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Gazette_2096.pdf/page1-440px-Gazette_2096.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1239" data-file-height="1754" /></a><figcaption>Gazette 2096/70 issued Friday, 9 November 2018 dissolving the parliament of Sri Lanka</figcaption></figure> President Sirisena issues a gazette notification bringing the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Police" title="Sri Lanka Police">Sri Lanka Police</a> under the purview of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Ministry of Defence (Sri Lanka)">Ministry of Defence</a>, which was earlier under the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Law_and_Order_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Law and Order (Sri Lanka)">Ministry of Law and Order</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> This was followed with the transfer of the Department of Government Printing which publishes the government <a href="/wiki/The_Sri_Lanka_Gazette" title="The Sri Lanka Gazette">Gazette</a> under the Ministry of Defence. Sirisena has brought the Military, Police and the Gazette under his direct control.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Amid calls to reconvene parliament Sirisena and his party admitted they did not have enough votes to support Mahinda Rajapaksa against Ranil Wickremesinghe to decide the office of Prime Minister. Ahead of the president's announcement the UPFA said they were at least eight legislators short of getting a majority for Rajapaksa in the parliament. "At the moment we have 104 or 105 MPs," UPFA's spokesman <a href="/wiki/Keheliya_Rambukwella" title="Keheliya Rambukwella">Keheliya Rambukwella</a> told reporters. He further went on to say the Sirisena-Rajapakse group hoped to secure support from "crossover" legislators. This is in contrast to what Sirisena claimed on the 5th, that he had the support of 113 legislators when he sacked Wickremesinghe. According to an AFP count, 120 MPs support Wickremesinghe and his allies.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_911-77">[77]</a> President Sirisena dissolves Parliament by proclamation, from midnight of 9 November and declared snap parliamentary elections to be held on around 5 January 2019.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera_911-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT_911-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The move was swiftly denounced by the United National Party in a post on Twitter, saying it "vehemently rejects" the sacking of the parliament. The party also accused Sirisena of robbing the "people of their rights and democracy".<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera_911-78">[78]</a> The act was in violation of the 19th Amendment to the constitution, which he co-sponsored.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_911-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-Colombo_Telegraph_911-80">[80]</a> A short while later it was announced through an extraordinary gazette notice that general elections will be held on 5 January 2019, with the first meeting of the new Parliament to be held on 17 January 2019. UPFA MP <a href="/wiki/Lakshman_Yapa_Abeywardena" title="Lakshman Yapa Abeywardena">Lakshman Yapa Abeywardena</a> said "The nominations would be tendered from 9 to 26 November".<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> The JVP has accused Sirisena of trying to consolidate his power grab.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_911-77">[77]</a> The election date was announced even before preparing the government's annual budget for the next fiscal year in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-Newsfirst_1011-82">[82]</a> Sirisena inducted more cabinet ministers prior to signing the order to dissolve the parliament.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_911-77">[77]</a> Supporters of Ranil Wickremesinghe were in the process of preparing legal papers to challenge the latest move in the country's Supreme Court.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_911-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sri_Lanka_Freedom_Party_Split">Sri Lanka Freedom Party Split</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sri Lanka Freedom Party Split">edit</a>]</div> Succeeding the dissolution of parliament and the announcement of snap elections, Mahinda Rajapaksa and 44 other members of parliament on 11 November defected from the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Freedom_Party" title="Sri Lanka Freedom Party">Sri Lanka Freedom Party</a>, led by President Maithripala Sirisena, to join the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Podujana_Peramuna" title="Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna">Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna</a> (SLPP). The SLPP was formed in 2016 by <a href="/wiki/Basil_Rajapaksa" title="Basil Rajapaksa">Basil Rajapaksa</a>, younger brother of Mahinda. A member of the SLPP said that 65 out of 82 Sri Lanka Freedom Party MPs will eventually join Rajapaksa's party.<a href="#cite_note-Channel_NewsAsia_1111-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Other prominent defectors include <a href="/wiki/Mahindananda_Aluthgamage" title="Mahindananda Aluthgamage">Mahindananda Aluthgamage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rohitha_Abeygunawardena" title="Rohitha Abeygunawardena">Rohitha Abeygunawardena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anura_Priyadharshana_Yapa" title="Anura Priyadharshana Yapa">Anura Priyadharshana Yapa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnston_Fernando" title="Johnston Fernando">Johnston Fernando</a> and <a href="/wiki/Namal_Rajapaksa" title="Namal Rajapaksa">Namal Rajapaksa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Namal Rajapaksa said relating to the defections, "We will strive to create a broader coalition with many stakeholders under the leadership of Maithripala Sirisena & Mahinda Rajapaksa to face the upcoming General Election and come out victorious."<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Supreme_Court_stays_proclamation_dissolving_parliament">Supreme Court stays proclamation dissolving parliament</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Supreme Court stays proclamation dissolving parliament">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Supreme_Court_Colombo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Supreme_Court_Colombo.jpg/250px-Supreme_Court_Colombo.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Supreme_Court_Colombo.jpg/375px-Supreme_Court_Colombo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Supreme_Court_Colombo.jpg/500px-Supreme_Court_Colombo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="399" /></a><figcaption>The Supreme Court Complex</figcaption></figure> On 12 November, twelve <a href="/wiki/Right_to_petition" title="Right to petition">Fundamental Right petitions</a> were submitted to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Supreme Court of Sri Lanka">Supreme Court of Sri Lanka</a> challenging the president's decree sacking parliament and calling a snap election, by the UNP, TNA, JVP, SLMC and others including Prof <a href="/wiki/Ratnajeevan_Hoole" title="Ratnajeevan Hoole">Ratnajeevan Hoole</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Election Commission of Sri Lanka">Election Commission</a>. Arguing that Sirisena's actions were unconstitutional, illegal and against the people of Sri Lanka, Hoole demanded the restoration of status quo prevailing prior to 26 October. Hoole's position strengthens the argument of 11 other petitions.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> These were taken up for hearing on the same day by a three-member bench of the Supreme Court consisting of the Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Nalin_Perera_(judge)" title="Nalin Perera (judge)">Nalin Perera</a>, Justices <a href="/wiki/Prasanna_Jayawardena" title="Prasanna Jayawardena">Prasanna Jayawardena</a> and <a href="/wiki/Priyantha_Jayawardena" title="Priyantha Jayawardena">Priyantha Jayawardena</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Responding to the petitions, Attorney General Jayantha Jayasuriya made submissions stating that "the court had no jurisdiction to hear and determine the Fundamental Rights petitions against the dissolution of Parliament".<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> On the same day, 5 petitions by Prof <a href="/wiki/G._L._Peiris" title="G. L. Peiris">G. L. Peiris</a>, Minister <a href="/wiki/Udaya_Gammanpila" title="Udaya Gammanpila">Udaya Gammanpila</a>, Minister <a href="/wiki/Vasudeva_Nanayakkara" title="Vasudeva Nanayakkara">Vasudeva Nanayakkara</a> and two others supporting the dissolution of parliament were filed at the Supreme Court. However, in the evening the three Judge bench issued an interim order till 7 December staying the proclamation issued by President Sirisena to dissolve parliament and granted leave to proceed with the Fundamental Rights petitions that challenged the President's dissolving parliament.<a href="#cite_note-sc_stays-11">[11]</a> Following the stay order of the Supreme Court, President Sirisena convened the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Sri_Lanka)" title="National Security Council (Sri Lanka)">National Security Council</a> at the Presidential Secretariat; where he ordered the police and armed forces to maintain the peace in the country.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Soon after the IGP Jayasundara ordered senior police officers to maintain the law and order in the country.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliamentary_clashes">Parliamentary clashes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Parliamentary clashes">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1st_Motion_of_no_confidence">1st Motion of no confidence</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 1st Motion of no confidence">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 250; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_oX0zvdimc">Sri Lankan parliament session and 1st no-confidence motion</a>, YouTube video</td></tr></tbody></table> The Speaker office stated on 13 November, following the stay order from the Supreme Court, that Parliament would convene on 14 November as per the gazette issued by President Sirisena on 4 November.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> On 14 November the Parliament gathered for the vote. Rajapaksa and his son Namal walked out of the chamber just before the Speaker called for a vote. Amid shouting, speaker <a href="/wiki/Karu_Jayasuriya" title="Karu Jayasuriya">Karu Jayasuriya</a> took a <a href="/wiki/Voice_vote" title="Voice vote">voice vote</a> while members loyal to Rajapaksa attempted to grab the mace, the symbol of authority of the legislature, to disrupt it. The vote went ahead and a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">no-confidence motion</a> against Mahinda Rajapaksa was passed.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Wickremesinghe said he submitted a petition carrying signatures of 122 MPs who support the no-confidence motion.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Jayasuriya confirmed that the no-confidence motion against Rajapaksa had support of 122 members in the 225-member house.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2nd_Motion_of_no_confidence">2nd Motion of no confidence</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 2nd Motion of no confidence">edit</a>]</div> A second Motion of no confidence took place on 16 November which was approved. However it too was not accepted by the President, who later requested for a third motion of no confidence to be passed in parliament.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Motion_of_confidence">Motion of confidence</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Motion of confidence">edit</a>]</div> On 12 December, the parliament passed a vote of confidence in support of Ranil Wickremesinghe as prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_131218-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rajapaksa_led_government_moves">Rajapaksa led government moves</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Rajapaksa led government moves">edit</a>]</div> During the period of the crisis the disputed government hastily made controversial government decisions and contracts in order to win over public opinion.<a href="#cite_note-Daily_Mirror_031218-98">[98]</a> The Rajapaksa led government had made plans to lower fuel prices and income taxes in a bid to increase public support.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_031218-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Transferral_of_Nishantha_Silva">Transferral of Nishantha Silva</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Transferral of Nishantha Silva">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> The intervention of the Police Commission in preventing the arbitrary executive actions of transferring an officer is an important result of the independent commissions introduced by the 19th Amendment. Robust democratic institutions are key to protecting the freedoms of citizens from arbitrary actions of the state. We must defend and strengthen such institutions. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Ranil_Wickremesinghe" title="Ranil Wickremesinghe">Ranil Wickremesinghe</a>'</cite></div> </div> Since the start of the crisis, President Sirisena has taken the police under his direct control.<a href="#cite_note-NDTV.com_2011-100">[100]</a> Inspector of Police Nishantha Silva is the officer in charge of <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Investigation_Department_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Criminal Investigation Department (Sri Lanka)">Criminal Investigation Department</a>'s (CID) Organised Crimes Investigation Unit. Silva is handling investigations into major incidents including those during the Rajapaksa administration, most notably the abduction and the assault of Journalist Keith Noyahr, in 2008 and the murder of <a href="/wiki/Lasantha_Wickrematunge" title="Lasantha Wickrematunge">Lasantha Wickrematunge</a> in 2009, in addition to at least 60 crimes committed by the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam">LTTE</a>. He is also investigating the rape and the murder of student Sivaloganathan Vithya and the abduction of 11 youths in Colombo, in 2008-09 where Chief of Defence Staff <a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Ravindra_Wijegunaratne" title="Ravindra Wijegunaratne">Ravindra Wijegunaratne</a> is allegedly involved in harbouring a suspect of the abduction. Mahinda Rajapaksa, <a href="/wiki/Rajapaksa_family" title="Rajapaksa family">his family</a> and associates are directly connected to these investigations, and as Silva pursued inquiries into them, on 18 November he was transferred by IGP <a href="/wiki/Pujith_Jayasundara" title="Pujith Jayasundara">Pujith Jayasundara</a> on the orders of President Sirisena to the Negombo Division with "immediate effect on service requirements".<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Silva had just secured an arrest order for Admiral Wijegunaratne when he was shifted. Wijegunaratne, however has retained the office of Chief of Defence Staff. <a href="/wiki/Gotabhaya_Rajapaksa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotabhaya Rajapaksa">Gotabhaya Rajapaksa</a>, the Former defence secretary and brother of the former president, is being investigated on allegations of defrauding the state and was indicted in September. Silva was also investigating Gotabhaya for alleged corruption in aircraft purchases from Ukraine during his time in the Rajapaksa administration.<a href="#cite_note-NDTV.com_2011-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> In response to the transferral Silva had appealed to the National Police Commission (NPC). The Commission requested a report from IGP Pujith Jayasundara as to why the officer handling several high-profile investigations had been transferred.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> The intervention by the NPC prompted IGP Jayasundara to reverse his order and withdraw the transfer, on the 19th, allowing Silva to continue in the same capacity.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> It was learnt in a letter to IGP Jayasundara, written by CID Director Senior DIG Ravi Seneviratne that it was Admiral Wijegunaratne who had orchestrated the transferral by framing allegations against Silva of maintaining connections with the LTTE, during the last security council meeting chaired by President Sirisena.<a href="#cite_note-Colombo_Telegraph_2011-106">[106]</a> The daughter of <a href="/wiki/Lasantha_Wickrematunge" title="Lasantha Wickrematunge">Lasantha Wickrematunge</a>, Ahimsa Wickrematunge wrote to the President against the <a href="/wiki/Obstruction_of_justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Obstruction of justice">obstruction of justice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Colombo_Telegraph_2011-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sugar_tax">Sugar tax</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sugar tax">edit</a>]</div> The disputed government controversially lowered taxes on sugary drinks which attracted immediate criticism. The tax that was introduced by the Sirisena-Wickremesinghe government sought to tackle the prevalence of diabetes in the country. The sweet tax, which taxed 50 cents on every gram of sugar in fizzy and fruit drinks was cut to 30 cents starting 1 December.<a href="#cite_note-Daily_Mirror_031218-98">[98]</a> Mahinda Rajapaksa who holds the Ministry of Finance in the disputed government instructed the cut the sugar tax by 40 percent, a move made after a meeting with business leaders in the industry. The measure could reduce soft drinks prices by 30%, Prime Minister's Office said.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT_031218-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Court_order_restraining_Prime_Minister_and_Ministers">Court order restraining Prime Minister and Ministers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Court order restraining Prime Minister and Ministers">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> The damage that will be posed by temporarily restraining a lawful cabinet of ministers from functioning would be … outweighed by the damage that would be caused by allowing a set of persons who are not entitled in law to function as the Prime Minister or the cabinet of ministers," </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">Preethipadhman Surasena, <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Court of Appeal of Sri Lanka">Court of Appeal</a>'</cite></div> </div> Following a <a href="/wiki/Quo_warranto" title="Quo warranto">quo warranto</a> writ petition filed by 122 MPs against the appointment of Mahinda Rajapaksa as prime minister and other ministers, the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Court of Appeal of Sri Lanka">Court of Appeal</a> issued an interim order on 3 December restraining the functioning of the respondents Mahinda Rajapaksa as prime minister as well as other cabinet ministers, deputy ministers and state ministers. The following day Rajapaksa filed an appeal in the Supreme Court against the interim order.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> On 14 December 2018, the Supreme Court refused to issue an interim order vacating the earlier interim order of the Court of Appeal restricting the functions of the Prime Minister's office, the matter was set down for hearing in mid-January 2019.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Following this decision, the Prime Minister indicated his intention to resign.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Concerns have been raised over a possibility of a government shutdown <a href="/wiki/Government_shutdowns_in_the_United_States" title="Government shutdowns in the United States">similar to those in the United States</a>, without the parliament passing finances for the government spending for the year 2019.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Without a lawful finance minister it is unclear if the government's $1 billion foreign debt repayment due in early January can be serviced.<a href="#cite_note-ABC_151218-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supreme_Court_rules_dissolution_of_Parliament_unconstitutional">Supreme Court rules dissolution of Parliament unconstitutional</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Supreme Court rules dissolution of Parliament unconstitutional">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> "It has been said by some of the added Respondent that refusing the Petitioner's applications will enable a General Election to be held in pursuance of the Proclamation marked "P1" and, therefore, justified because it will give effect to the franchise of the people. That submission is not correct. Giving effect to the franchise of the people is not achieved by the court permitting a General Election held consequent to dissolution of Parliament which has been effected contrary to the provision of the Constitution. Such a General Election will be unlawfully held and its result will be open to question. A General election will be valid only if it is lawfully held. Thus, a General Election held consequent to dissolution of Parliament which has been done contrary to the provisions of the constitution will not be a true exercise of the franchise of the people". </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">Supreme Court of Sri Lanka, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/special-statement-made-by-prime-minister-ranil-wickremesinghe-full-text/">Colombo Telegraph</a></cite></div> </div> On 13 December 2018, the Supreme Court ruled that President Sirisena's decision to dissolve the Parliament 20 months before the end of its term was unconstitutional.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_141218-115">[115]</a> A full (seven-judge) bench unanimously ruled on that the President cannot dissolve Parliament until it completes a four-and-a-half-year term. The court also said the President's decision to call snap elections was illegal.<a href="#cite_note-Aljazeera20181213-7">[7]</a> On 14 December in response to the Supreme Court rulings, according to party members, Mahinda Rajapaksa said he would relinquish his claim to be prime minister and would back down after an address to the nation on Saturday (15th).<a href="#cite_note-WSJ_141218-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-ABC_151218-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT_141218-115">[115]</a> Rajapaksa's son Namal wrote in a Twitter post "to ensure stability of the nation, Former President Rajapaksa has decided to resign from the Premiership tomorrow after an address to the nation". Namal Rajapaksa went on to say "his family's political party would work with Mr. Sirisena's party to form a broader coalition in Parliament". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supreme_Court_refused_to_vacate_Court_of_Appeal_interim_order">Supreme Court refused to vacate Court of Appeal interim order</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Supreme Court refused to vacate Court of Appeal interim order">edit</a>]</div> The following day, the Supreme Court also refused to vacate the interim order given by the Court of Appeal restraining Rajapaksa and his cabinet from functioning.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rajapaksa_relinquishment_of_his_claim_and_reinstatement_of_Wickremesinghe">Rajapaksa relinquishment of his claim and reinstatement of Wickremesinghe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Rajapaksa relinquishment of his claim and reinstatement of Wickremesinghe">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 250; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-w9zOgAE3A">Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe's special address to the nation</a>, YouTube video</td></tr></tbody></table> On 15 December 2018, Mahinda Rajapaksa signed a letter of resignation as prime minister. He stated he has no intention of remaining as prime minister without a general election and does not wish to hamper the president forming a new government.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Former minister S. B. Dissanayake claimed that Rajapaksa intends to become the <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Sri Lanka)">Leader of the Opposition</a> while Dinesh Gunawardena intends to become the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Opposition_Whip_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Chief Opposition Whip (Sri Lanka)">Chief Opposition Whip</a>. On the same day, it was announced that Wickremesinghe would be reinstated as prime minister the next day.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Ranil Wickremesinghe was sworn in as prime minister at 11:16 am on 16 December at the Presidential Secretariat.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> The UNP has said it will appoint a UNP government but several legislators from the SLFP have expressed interest in joining the new government.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Meanwhile, Rajapaksa said he will continue to work with Sirisena to establish a majority or push for a general election.<a href="#cite_note-WSJ_141218-116">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Outcomes">Outcomes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Outcomes">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political">Political</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Political">edit</a>]</div> With both the presidential election in <a href="/wiki/2019_Sri_Lankan_presidential_election" title="2019 Sri Lankan presidential election">2019</a> and parliamentary elections in <a href="/wiki/2020_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">2020</a> coming up, President Sirisena and Rajapaksa's attempts to consolidate power ended up backfiring due to political and economic instability during the crisis. The turmoil angered many Sri Lankans and weakened both Rajapaksa and the president ahead of the polls.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_141218-115">[115]</a> Senior political scientist <a href="/wiki/Jayadeva_Uyangoda" title="Jayadeva Uyangoda">Jayadeva Uyangoda</a> named President Sirisena and his party, the SLFP, as the "ultimate casualties" of the crisis. The crisis resulted in the split of the SLFP when Rajapaksa and his loyalists broke away from the party days after being appointed prime minister and took up membership in the pro-Rajapaksa <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Podujana_Peramuna" title="Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna">Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna</a>. Prof. Uyangoda said Sirisena lost all control he once had over his party, with his party being virtually absorbed by the pro-Rajapaksa SLPP. "Sirisena has proved to be the country's poorest political leader when it comes to political strategising", Prof. Uyangoda told The Hindu.<a href="#cite_note-The_Hindu_141218-123">[123]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Supreme Court of Sri Lanka">Supreme Court of Sri Lanka</a> played a central role in the crisis. The biggest outcome of the Supreme Court's rulings against President Sirisena was the re-emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Judiciary of Sri Lanka">judiciary</a> with a clear sense of institutional autonomy and independence. In doing so, it also ensured the constitutional protection to the Prime Minister and the Cabinet as well as the institutional autonomy of the legislature. The two decisions by the Supreme Court in the last week of the crisis were not only landmark judgments but will go on to define judicial verdicts of the future.<a href="#cite_note-The_Hindu_171218-124">[124]</a> As the crisis gave prospect of a new Mahinda Rajapaksa-led government coming to power, authorities in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> were prompted to publicly disclose charges of money laundering and visa fraud against former <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Sri_Lanka_to_the_United_States" title="List of ambassadors of Sri Lanka to the United States">Sri Lankan Ambassador to the United States</a> <a href="/wiki/Jaliya_Wickramasuriya" title="Jaliya Wickramasuriya">Jaliya Wickramasuriya</a>, to ensure his swiftly prosecution before a Rajapaksa-led administration could restore his diplomatic immunity. Wickramasuriya, a cousin of Rajapaksa, became the first relative of the <a href="/wiki/Rajapaksa_family" title="Rajapaksa family">Rajapaksa family</a> to be prosecuted abroad. He faced a lengthy jail term following five counts of charges ranging from wire fraud to immigration offences.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic">Economic</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Economic">edit</a>]</div> The fragile <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan economy">Sri Lankan economy</a> was badly hurt during the political upheaval with the steep loss in value in its currency, downgrading of its economy and loss in tourist revenue.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_141218-115">[115]</a> The economic loss and financial slippage, according to a provisional assessment, caused to the country during this period has exceeded Rs. 102 billion.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> In January 2019 it was revealed that the crisis cost the country a billion US dollars in reserves. The government on 26 October had $7.991 billion in <a href="/wiki/Foreign-exchange_reserves" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign-exchange reserves">forex reserves</a> but by the end of this period reserves had depleted to $6.985 billion.<a href="#cite_note-economynext_100119-17">[17]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Colombo_Stock_Exchange" title="Colombo Stock Exchange">Colombo Stock Exchange</a> recorded some growth during the crisis.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> However, the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_rupee" title="Sri Lankan rupee">rupee</a> reached a record low during the same time, but was boosted by <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Central Bank of Sri Lanka">Central Bank</a> dollar sales.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-Colombopage_411-131">[131]</a> The Sri Lankan rupee was ultimately devalued by 3.8% during the 7-week political crisis. USD $312.9 million, in the form of <a href="/wiki/Treasury_bonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Treasury bonds">treasury bonds</a>, and US$29.8 million in the form of <a href="/wiki/Treasury_bills" class="mw-redirect" title="Treasury bills">treasury bills</a> had also gone out of the country.<a href="#cite_note-economynext_100119-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-dailymirror_100119-18">[18]</a> Sri Lanka's credit was also downgraded during the period. On 20 November credit rating agency <a href="/wiki/Moody%27s_Corporation" title="Moody's Corporation">Moody's</a> released a statement downgrading the Sri Lankan government's foreign currency issuer and senior unsecured ratings to B2 from B1 and changed the outlook to stable from negative. Moody's says the downgrade was driven by the "ongoing tightening in external and domestic financing conditions and low reserve adequacy, exacerbated most recently by a political crisis which seems likely to have a lasting impact on policy".<a href="#cite_note-moodys.com-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-dailymirror.lk-20">[20]</a> In the wake of the political crisis and doubts about the future of democracy in the nation, the United States and Japanese governments froze more than a billion US dollars worth of development aid. The <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> also warned that if it did not stick to commitments on national reconciliation, it could withdraw duty-free concessions for Sri Lankan exports. In November industrial activity in Sri Lanka slowed as a result of the crisis. The Index of Industrial Production compiled by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Census_and_Statistics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Census and Statistics (page does not exist)">Department of Census and Statistics</a> fell 1.2% to 107.3 points in November when compared to the same time a year earlier. Food production, which contributes 35.2% to overall manufacturing activities fell 2.7% in November. Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products, the third largest industrial production, fell 11.3% compared to a year earlier. Sri Lanka's leading export however, which forms 19.8% of industrial activity, apparel production grew 3.8% and exports of garments during the month grew 9.9%. Coke and refined petroleum production, Sri Lanka's fourth largest manufacturing activity, and rubber and plastic product manufacturing, the fifth largest, also grew 5.8% and 13.3% respectively. Overall the index recorded a 3.7% fall from October to November, the largest seen since it began in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-economynext.com-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social">Social</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Social">edit</a>]</div> The crisis saw the resilience of Sri Lanka's democracy among its citizens amid multiple setbacks. Activism by citizens in defence of political freedom, political consciousness, education and participation greatly increased. Activism, participation and resistance was particularly large among young voters, whose political weapons were the use of political humour shared through <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a>. President Sirisena's betrayal of the <a href="/wiki/2015_Sri_Lankan_presidential_election" title="2015 Sri Lankan presidential election">2015 mandate</a>, which opened a democratic space for Sri Lankans, shocked and angered many citizens who spontaneously mobilised to defend constitutional governance, democracy, and freedom.<a href="#cite_note-The_Hindu_171218-124">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings">2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: 2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings">edit</a>]</div> The political fallout of the constitutional crisis and the bitter infighting between the country's leaders was believed to have contributed to the breakdown of the government's functionality, which would subsequently lead to the <a href="/wiki/2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings" title="2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings">2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_220419-132">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protests">Protests</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Protests">edit</a>]</div> The UNP held a protest near the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Trees" title="Temple Trees">Temple Trees</a> on 31 October, where thousands of Sri Lankans took to the streets urging President Sirisena to uphold democracy.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT_211-24">[24]</a> The JVP held a protest rally at <a href="/wiki/Nugegoda" title="Nugegoda">Nugegoda</a> on 1 November demanding the president to reconvene parliament immediately and restore democracy in the country.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Tens of thousands of Sri Lankans marched on 5 November in support of a new government led by Mahinda Rajapaksa and Maithripala Sirisena. About 120,000 people attended the rally according to an estimate by the Sri Lankan Police.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Violence">Violence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Violence">edit</a>]</div> Rival groups supporting Mahinda Rajapaksa and Ranil Wickremesinghe gathered at several locations across <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a>. Hundreds of supporters of Wickremesinghe gathered around Temple Trees, saying they would occupy the area to protect the ousted prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_211-24">[24]</a> While demonstrations were mostly peaceful, Speaker <a href="/wiki/Karu_Jayasuriya" title="Karu Jayasuriya">Karu Jayasuriya</a> warned of an alleged "blood bath" if Parliament was not permitted to meet and end the constitutional crisis.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_211-24">[24]</a> Shortly after the brisk swearing in of Rajapaksa, Rajapaksa loyalists stormed two state-owned television networks which were regarded as loyal to Wickremesinghe and the sitting government and forced them off air.<a href="#cite_note-Economic_Times_2710-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_3110-2">[2]</a> Trade unions linked to Rajapaksa's party have also been blocking access to ministers who are from the United National Party.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_3110-2">[2]</a> On 28 October, the bodyguards of a deposed government minister opened fire against a crowd of protestors, resulting in the death of one person.<a href="#cite_note-CNN_3110-1">[1]</a> The first reported outbreak of violence occurred at the <a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Petroleum_Corporation" title="Ceylon Petroleum Corporation">Ceylon Petroleum Corporation</a> (CPC), which houses the headquarters of national oil and gas company. A shoot-out occurred between members of the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Freedom_Party" title="Sri Lanka Freedom Party">SLFP</a> CPC Trade Union and the personal security detail of deposed petroleum minister, <a href="/wiki/Arjuna_Ranatunga" title="Arjuna Ranatunga">Arjuna Ranatunga</a>. Crowds loyal to the president attempted to prevent Ranatunga from entering the government building in Colombo as he was attempting to retrieve belongings from the CPC offices.<a href="#cite_note-CNN_3110-1">[1]</a> One union member was killed and two or three were injured by shots fired by a member of the police MSD security detail as the crowd attempted to take Ranatunga hostage. Ranatunga was rushed into the building in the immediate aftermath of the shooting. The SLFP CPC Trade Union went on strike until Ranatunga was arrested, causing long queues at filling stations. Ranatunga was dressed in a helmet and camouflage, and escorted by the <a href="/wiki/Special_Task_Force_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Special Task Force (Sri Lanka)">Special Task Force</a>, while dozens of regular police were deployed in order to pacify a still-agitated crowd. He was arrested by police on 30 October, and was subsequently released on bail. The strike was called off.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_3110-2">[2]</a> One security member was arrested and an investigation into the incident began.<a href="#cite_note-Cric_2910-136">[136]</a> After being rescued by police commandos, Ranatunga later spoke to reporters saying his bodyguards opened fire because the crowd "came to kill me – I state this responsibly – and you can check the CCTV footage... For the first time, I feared for my life. I thought of my children and my family."<a href="#cite_note-CNN_3110-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Reactions">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_responses">Domestic responses</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Domestic responses">edit</a>]</div> <dl><dt>Political parties</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Workers%27_Congress" title="Ceylon Workers' Congress">Ceylon Workers' Congress</a> (CWC) – Two members of the CWC have pledged their support to Mahinda Rajapaksa on 27 October.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Muslim_Congress" title="Sri Lanka Muslim Congress">Sri Lanka Muslim Congress</a> (SLMC) – Has pledged its support to <a href="/wiki/United_National_Party" title="United National Party">United National Party</a> on 27 October.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janatha_Vimukthi_Peramuna" title="Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna">Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna</a> (JVP) – The leader of the JVP <a href="/wiki/Anura_Kumara_Dissanayake" title="Anura Kumara Dissanayake">Anura Kumara Dissanayake</a>, has stated that the JVP will not support any party to form a government and that the "President should now convene Parliament and added that the premiership was decided on the majority of Parliament".<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Others</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Police" title="Sri Lanka Police">Sri Lanka Police</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Inspector_General_of_Police_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Inspector General of Police (Sri Lanka)">Inspector General of Police</a> <a href="/wiki/Pujith_Jayasundara" title="Pujith Jayasundara">Pujith Jayasundara</a>, met Mahinda Rajapaksa for discussions soon after he was sworn in on 26 October.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> IGP Jayasundara ordered that all leave for police personnel be cancelled on 27 October.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ceylon" title="Church of Ceylon">Church of Ceylon</a> – Diocese of Colombo of the Church of Ceylon stated "The Democratic frame work enshrined in our Constitution should not be abused for political expediency. We urge the instruments of the State, Religious Institutions and all peace-loving people of our country to join hands to uphold Democratic values and peace with justice for all, as well as the rule of law for the greater common good of the people of our country, and the preservation of Democratic institutions so that all communities that call Sri Lanka home may live without fear and intimidation. We further call upon the Police and Tri Forces to act impartially and with restraint in the enforcing of law and order,".<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></li> <li>All Island Canteen Owners' Association (AICOA) of Sri Lanka reduced prices of several food items appreciating the President's move to sack Ranil Wickramasingha and appoint Mahinda Rjapaksa.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_responses">International responses</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: International responses">edit</a>]</div> <dl><dt>Supranational</dt></dl> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> United Nations – The United Nations Secretary General <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> expressed concern over the situation in Sri Lanka and has asked for democracy and constitution to be respected.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> European Union – The Ambassador of the European Union to Sri Lanka, along with the Ambassadors of France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Romania and the High Commissioner of the United Kingdom stated that they are closely following the events as they are unfolding in Sri Lanka and "urged all parties to fully act in accordance with Sri Lanka's constitution, to refrain from violence, to follow due institutional process, to respect the independence of institutions, and freedom of media."<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> On 9 November, Ambassadors of EU countries voiced concerns over reports that a confidence vote will not take place when Parliament reconvenes. On 17 December 2018 the European Union, in a statement stated "As steady friends of Sri Lanka, we welcome the peaceful and democratic resolution of the political crisis in accordance with the constitution. We commend the resilience of Sri Lanka's democratic institutions and will continue to support its efforts towards national reconciliation and prosperity for all,"<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Infobox_Commonwealth_of_Nations_flag.svg/23px-Infobox_Commonwealth_of_Nations_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Infobox_Commonwealth_of_Nations_flag.svg/35px-Infobox_Commonwealth_of_Nations_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Infobox_Commonwealth_of_Nations_flag.svg/46px-Infobox_Commonwealth_of_Nations_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="180" /> Commonwealth of Nations – The Commonwealth Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Scotland" title="Patricia Scotland">Patricia Scotland</a> encouraged restraint and to uphold the rule of law and comply with Sri Lanka's constitutional framework in resolving the current challenges.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>South Asia</dt></dl> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> India – The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">Ministry of External Affairs</a> spokesperson Raveesh Kumar stated on 28 October that "India is closely following the recent political developments in Sri Lanka. As a democracy and a close friendly neighbour, we hope that democratic values and constitutional process will be respected," and "India will continue to extend its developmental assistance to the friendly people of Sri Lanka."<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> India is considering imposition of economic and diplomatic sanctions against individuals associated with Rajapaksa camp.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">Ministry of External Affairs</a> spokesperson Raveesh Kumar stated on 16 December 2018 that "As a close neighbour and true friend, India welcomes the resolution of the political situation in Sri Lanka. It's a reflection of the maturity demonstrated by all political forces, and also of the resilience of Sri Lankan democracy and its institutions"<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Pakistan – Pakistan High Commissioner Shahid Ahmat Hashmat called on Mahinda Rajapaksa and congratulated him on appointment as prime minister. The High Commissioner reiterated Pakistan's support for continuation and consolidation of democratic process in Sri Lanka, the High Commission said in a statement.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Others</dt></dl> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /> Australia – Foreign Affairs Minister <a href="/wiki/Marise_Payne" title="Marise Payne">Marise Payne</a> stated "It is important that issues be addressed expeditiously through parliament and those democratic principles and freedoms are upheld. Australia urges all parties to respect the democratic will of Sri Lankans, as exercised through their elected representatives. We encourage all parties to continue to resolve differences peacefully and refrain from confrontation and violence".<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> On 8 November, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_High_Commissioners_to_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Australian High Commissioners to Sri Lanka">Australia's High Commissioner to Sri Lanka</a>, Bryce Hutchesson, voiced concerns over reports that a confidence vote would not take place when Parliament reconvenes.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/46px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> Burundi – Burundi was one of three countries to recognise Mahinda Rajapaksa's appointment.<a href="#cite_note-News18_111-47">[47]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> China – The Government of China has congratulated Mahinda Rajapaksa on his appointment as prime minister. The Chinese Ambassador to Sri Lanka Cheng Xueyuan visited Rajapaksa on 27 October to present a congratulatory message from Chinese Premier <a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a> and promise that "China will provide immense support for Sri Lanka's future development activities". Xueyuan thereafter visited Wickremesinghe.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Japan – The Japanese government, after his abrupt dismissal of Ranil Wickremesinghe raised doubts about the future of democracy and has subsequently frozen more than a billion dollars of development aid.<a href="#cite_note-Colombopage_411-131">[131]</a> A statement issued by the Foreign Affairs Ministry said "Japan hopes that the stability in Sri Lanka will continue to be ensured through due process in accordance with the law."<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> United Kingdom – <a href="/wiki/Mark_Field" title="Mark Field">Mark Field</a>, State Minister for Asia and Pacific stated: "All parties and competent authorities in Sri Lanka should respect the Constitution and follow due political process."<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> United States – The Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs of the <a href="/wiki/US_Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="US Department of State">US Department of State</a> tweeted: ""We expect the Government of Sri Lanka to uphold its Geneva commitments to human rights, reform, accountability, justice and reconciliation".<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> This was followed by a statement by <a href="/wiki/Heather_Nauert" title="Heather Nauert">Heather Nauert</a>, spokesperson of the US Department of State which called for the immediate recall of parliament, stating "We urge all sides to refrain from intimidation and violence. We call on President, in consultation with the Speaker to immediately reconvene parliament and allow the democratically elected representatives of the Sri Lankan people to fulfil their responsibilities to affirm who will lead their government".<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Non-governmental sector</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> (AI) – responded to the political crisis by saying "Human rights must not become a casualty of Sri Lanka's political crisis. The authorities must ensure that key freedoms are respected and protected at this time. People should be allowed to exercise their rights to freedom of expression, peaceful assembly and association."<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> – Brad Adams, Asia director said, "Rajapaksa's return to high office without any justice for past crimes raises chilling concerns for human rights in Sri Lanka." "The current government's failure to bring justice to victims of war crimes under the Rajapaksa government reopens the door for past abusers to return to their terrible practices."<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Sri_Lankan_presidential_election" title="2019 Sri Lankan presidential election">2019 Sri Lankan presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">2020 Sri Lankan parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-coup" title="Self-coup">Self-coup</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CNN_3110-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_3110_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_3110_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_3110_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_3110_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_3110_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_3110_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_3110_1-6">g</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAthasGeorge2018" class="citation web cs1">Athas, Iqbal; George, Steve (29 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/29/asia/sri-lanka-constitutional-crisis-intl/index.html">"Sri Lanka constitutional crisis turns violent"</a>. 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Retrieved 31 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Ranil+Wickremesinghe+refuses+to+step+down+as+Sri+Lankan+PM&rft.date=2018-10-27&rft.aulast=Chaudhury&rft.aufirst=Dipanjan+Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Finternational%2Fworld-news%2Franil-wickremesinghe-refuses-to-step-down-as-sri-lankan-pm%2Farticleshow%2F66388881.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+Sri+Lankan+constitutional+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-economictimes-42"><a href="#cite_ref-economictimes_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/i-will-remain-lankan-pm-naming-rajapaksa-unconstitutional-wickremesinghe/articleshow/66383421.cms">"'I will remain Lankan PM, naming Rajapaksa unconstitutional': Ranil Wickremesinghe"</a>. 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Retrieved 28 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nalaka+Kaluwewa+appointed+Actg+Director+General+of+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymirror.lk%2Farticle%2FNalaka-Kaluwewa-appointed-Actg-Director-General-of-Information-157485.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+Sri+Lankan+constitutional+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sundaytimes.lk/181028/news/president-says-plot-linked-to-fonseka-was-game-changer-317875.html">"President says plot linked to Fonseka was game changer"</a>. The Sunday Times Sri Lanka. 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Retrieved 17 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=adaderana&rft.atitle=Mangala+calls+out+on+President+over+twitter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adaderana.lk%2Fnews.php%3Fnid%3D51012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+Sri+Lankan+constitutional+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/Security-details-of-ex-ministers-to-be-reduced-157609.html">"Security details of ex-ministers to be reduced"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181030103016/http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/Security-details-of-ex-ministers-to-be-reduced-157609.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2018. Retrieved 30 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Security+details+of+ex-ministers+to+be+reduced&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymirror.lk%2Farticle%2FSecurity-details-of-ex-ministers-to-be-reduced-157609.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+Sri+Lankan+constitutional+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-News18_111-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-News18_111_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-News18_111_47-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news18.com/news/world/after-china-burundi-pakistan-recognises-rajapaksa-as-lankan-prime-minister-1927181.html">"After China, Burundi, Pakistan Recognises Rajapaksa as Lankan Prime Minister"</a>. News18. November 2018. 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Retrieved 30 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reconvene+Parliament%3A+Speaker+makes+%27kind+request%27+to+Prez&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymirror.lk%2Farticle%2FReconvene-Parliament-Speaker-makes-kind-request-to-Prez-157618.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+Sri+Lankan+constitutional+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Onlanka_1111-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Onlanka_1111_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.onlanka.com/news/inappropriate-to-comment-on-political-crisis-ag-tells-speaker.html">"Inappropriate to comment on political crisis AG tells Speaker ::. Latest Sri Lanka News"</a>. Onlanka. 1 November 2018. 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Retrieved 11 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Mirror&rft.atitle=PM+change%3A+AG+says+expressing+opinion+inappropriate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymirror.lk%2Farticle%2FPM-change-AG-says-expressing-opinion-inappropriate-157686.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+Sri+Lankan+constitutional+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/No-change-in-Parliament-date-Susil-157757.html">"No change in Parliament date: Susil"</a>. Daily Mirror. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181103165554/http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/No-change-in-Parliament-date-Susil-157757.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2018. Retrieved 3 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Mirror&rft.atitle=No+change+in+Parliament+date%3A+Susil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymirror.lk%2Farticle%2FNo-change-in-Parliament-date-Susil-157757.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+Sri+Lankan+constitutional+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/majority-of-parliamentarians-resolve-to-convene-parliament-and-claim-mrs-appointment-as-pm-unacceptable/">"Majority of Parliamentarians Resolve To Convene Parliament And Claim MR's Appointment As PM Unacceptable"</a>. Colombo Telegraph. 2 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181104010349/https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/majority-of-parliamentarians-resolve-to-convene-parliament-and-claim-mrs-appointment-as-pm-unacceptable/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2018. Retrieved 3 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Colombo+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Majority+of+Parliamentarians+Resolve+To+Convene+Parliament+And+Claim+MR%27s+Appointment+As+PM+Unacceptable&rft.date=2018-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.colombotelegraph.com%2Findex.php%2Fmajority-of-parliamentarians-resolve-to-convene-parliament-and-claim-mrs-appointment-as-pm-unacceptable%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+Sri+Lankan+constitutional+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/I-am-compelled-to-accept-previous-status-in-Parliament-Speaker-157905.html">"I am compelled to accept previous status in Parliament: Speaker"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181106132429/http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/I-am-compelled-to-accept-previous-status-in-Parliament-Speaker-157905.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 6 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I+am+compelled+to+accept+previous+status+in+Parliament%3A+Speaker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymirror.lk%2Farticle%2FI-am-compelled-to-accept-previous-status-in-Parliament-Speaker-157905.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+Sri+Lankan+constitutional+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/Only-President-s-speech-on-Lakshman-Yapa-158043.html">"Only President's speech on 14: Lakshman Yapa"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181107223216/http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/Only-President-s-speech-on-Lakshman-Yapa-158043.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Only+President%27s+speech+on+14%3A+Lakshman+Yapa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymirror.lk%2Farticle%2FOnly-President-s-speech-on-Lakshman-Yapa-158043.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+Sri+Lankan+constitutional+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/-President-says-no-to-Ranil--158089.html">"President says no to Ranil"</a>. Daily Mirror. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181109174628/http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/-President-says-no-to-Ranil--158089.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Mirror&rft.atitle=President+says+no+to+Ranil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymirror.lk%2Farticle%2F-President-says-no-to-Ranil--158089.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+Sri+Lankan+constitutional+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_911-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_911_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_911_56-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_911_56-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_911_56-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBastiansGoel2018" class="citation news cs1">Bastians, Dharisha; Goel, Vindu (9 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/09/world/asia/sri-lanka-dissolves-parliament.html">"Sri Lanka President Dissolves Parliament Amid Power Struggle"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181109202613/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/09/world/asia/sri-lanka-dissolves-parliament.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Sri+Lanka+President+Dissolves+Parliament+Amid+Power+Struggle&rft.date=2018-11-09&rft.aulast=Bastians&rft.aufirst=Dharisha&rft.au=Goel%2C+Vindu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F11%2F09%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fsri-lanka-dissolves-parliament.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+Sri+Lankan+constitutional+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/Used-only-one-trump-card-more-in-hand-President-158105.html">"Used only one trump card, more in hand: President"</a>. Daily Mirror. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181109081612/http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/Used-only-one-trump-card-more-in-hand-President-158105.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Mirror&rft.atitle=Used+only+one+trump+card%2C+more+in+hand%3A+President&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymirror.lk%2Farticle%2FUsed-only-one-trump-card-more-in-hand-President-158105.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+Sri+Lankan+constitutional+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/Won-t-support-impeachment-move-against-President-Mano-158135.html">"Won't support impeachment move against President: Mano"</a>. 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Daily Mirror. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181101140048/http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/-UNP-holds-protest-demanding-democracy-157626.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 3 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Mirror&rft.atitle=UNP+holds+protest+demanding+democracy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymirror.lk%2Farticle%2F-UNP-holds-protest-demanding-democracy-157626.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+Sri+Lankan+constitutional+crisis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/JVP-protest-at-Nugegoda--157755.html">"JVP protest at Nugegoda"</a>. Daily Mirror. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181104010426/http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/JVP-protest-at-Nugegoda--157755.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2018. 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ESPNcricinfo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181031215409/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/25115028/arjuna-ranatunga-bail-shooting-incident">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2018. 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Daily Mirror. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181028151611/http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/-IGP-Pujith-Jayasundara-in-discussion-with-MR-157464.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2018. 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Daily Mirror. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181028151532/http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/Leave-of-all-police-personnel-cancelled-157474.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2018. 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Daily Mirror. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181029112347/http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/Unconstitutional-removal-of-PM-will-create-instability-Church-of-Ceylon-157505.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2018. 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Daily Mirror. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181104010422/http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/Prices-of-food-and-plain-tea-reduced-AICOA-157501.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2018. 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4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sri_Lankan_coups" title="Template:Sri Lankan coups"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sri_Lankan_coups" title="Template talk:Sri Lankan coups"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sri_Lankan_coups" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sri Lankan coups"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coups,_rebellions,_and_revolts_in_Sri_Lanka_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Sri_Lanka&#124;link=Sri_Lanka243" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Coups, rebellions, and revolts in Sri Lanka <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attempted coups and rebellions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monarchical Sri Lanka</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Velakkara_revolt" title="Velakkara revolt">Velakkara revolt</a> (1084)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Polonnaruwa_War_of_Succession&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Polonnaruwa War of Succession (page does not exist)">First Polonnaruwa War of Succession</a> (1110-1153)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Sugala_rebellion" title="Queen Sugala rebellion">Queen Sugala rebellion</a> (1157–1158)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhuna_Rebellion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruhuna Rebellion (page does not exist)">Ruhuna Rebellion</a> (1160)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rajarata_Rebellion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rajarata Rebellion (page does not exist)">Rajarata Rebellion</a> (1168)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Polonnaruwa_War_of_Succession&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Polonnaruwa War of Succession (page does not exist)">Second Polonnaruwa War of Succession</a> (1186–1187)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandyan_independence_movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kandyan independence movement (page does not exist)">Kandyan independence movement</a> (1470s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kangara_arachchi_Revolt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kangara arachchi Revolt (page does not exist)">Kangara arachchi Revolt</a> (1603)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Kuruvita_rala_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Kuruvita rala Revolt">1st Kuruvita rala Revolt</a> (1603)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Kuruvita_rala_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Kuruvita rala Revolt">2nd Kuruvita rala Revolt</a> (1616–1619)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikapitiye_Bandara_Revolt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikapitiye Bandara Revolt (page does not exist)">Nikapitiye Bandara Revolt</a> (1616–1617)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Ceylon_period" class="mw-redirect" title="British Ceylon period">British Ceylon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_independence_movement" title="Sri Lankan independence movement">Sri Lankan independence movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Rebellion_of_1817%E2%80%931818" title="Great Rebellion of 1817–1818">Great Rebellion of 1817–1818</a> (1817–1818)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matale_rebellion" title="Matale rebellion">Matale rebellion</a> (1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Temperance movement in Sri Lanka">Temperance movement</a> (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriya-Mal_Movement" title="Suriya-Mal Movement">Suriya-Mal Movement</a> (1933–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_Islands_mutiny" title="Cocos Islands mutiny">Cocos Islands mutiny</a> (1942)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sri_Lanka_(1948%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Sri Lanka (1948–present)">Sri Lanka (1948–present)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1962_Ceylonese_coup_attempt" title="1962 Ceylonese coup attempt">1962 Ceylonese coup attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_alleged_Ceylonese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1966 alleged Ceylonese coup d'état attempt">1966 alleged Ceylonese coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_JVP_insurrection" title="1971 JVP insurrection">1971 JVP insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan civil war</a> (1983-2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%931989_JVP_insurrection" title="1987–1989 JVP insurrection">1987–1989 JVP insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_alleged_Sri_Lankan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 alleged Sri Lankan coup d'état attempt">2015 alleged Sri Lankan coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2018 Sri Lankan constitutional crisis</a></li> <li>Aragalaya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Sri_Lankan_protests" title="2022 Sri Lankan protests">2022 Sri Lankan protests</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_riots_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of riots in Sri Lanka">Riots and civil disorder</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1915_Ceylonese_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1915 Ceylonese riots">1915 Ceylonese riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Ceylonese_Hartal" title="1953 Ceylonese Hartal">1953 Ceylonese Hartal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Ceylonese_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1956 Ceylonese riots">1956 Ceylonese riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Ceylonese_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1958 Ceylonese riots">1958 Ceylonese riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylonese_protests_against_the_Vietnam_War" title="Ceylonese protests against the Vietnam War">Protests against the Vietnam War in Ceylon</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Sri_Lankan_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1977 Sri Lankan riots">1977 Sri Lankan riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Jaffna_Public_Library" title="Burning of Jaffna Public Library">Burning of Jaffna Public Library</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_July" title="Black July">Black July</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welikada_prison_massacre" title="Welikada prison massacre">Welikada prison massacre</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Eastern_Province_massacres#Trincomalee_riots" title="1987 Eastern Province massacres">1987 Trincomalee riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalutara_prison_riots" title="Kalutara prison riots">Kalutara prison riots</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindunuwewa_massacre" title="Bindunuwewa massacre">Bindunuwewa massacre</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawanella_riots" title="Mawanella riots">Mawanella riots</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beruwala_riots&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beruwala riots (page does not exist)">Beruwala riots</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Inuvil_shooting_and_protests" title="2005 Inuvil shooting and protests">2005 Inuvil shooting and protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Welikada_prison_riot" title="2012 Welikada prison riot">2012 Welikada prison riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_anti-Muslim_riots_in_Sri_Lanka" title="2014 anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka">2014 anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_anti-Muslim_riots_in_Sri_Lanka" title="2018 anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka">2018 anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_anti-Muslim_riots_in_Sri_Lanka" title="2019 anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka">2019 anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahara_prison_riot" title="Mahara prison riot">Mahara prison riot</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Maithripala_Sirisena528" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maithripala_Sirisena" title="Template:Maithripala Sirisena"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Maithripala_Sirisena" title="Template talk:Maithripala Sirisena"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maithripala_Sirisena" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maithripala Sirisena"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Maithripala_Sirisena528" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Maithripala_Sirisena" title="Maithripala Sirisena">Maithripala Sirisena</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Sri Lanka">7th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Sri_Lanka" title="President of Sri Lanka">President of Sri Lanka</a> (2015–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Sri_Lankan_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Sri Lankan Parliament">Member of the Sri Lankan Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Polonnaruwa_Electoral_District" title="Polonnaruwa Electoral District">Polonnaruwa</a> (1989–2015), (2020–2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maithripala_Sirisena#Presidency_(2015–2019)" title="Maithripala Sirisena">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/15th_Parliament_of_Sri_Lanka" title="15th Parliament of Sri Lanka">15th Sri Lankan Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Maithripala_Sirisena" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the presidency of Maithripala Sirisena">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Maithripala_Sirisena" title="List of international presidential trips made by Maithripala Sirisena">Presidential trips</a></li> <li>Cabinets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Sirisena_cabinet" title="First Sirisena cabinet">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sirisena_cabinet" title="Second Sirisena cabinet">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Sirisena_cabinet" title="Third Sirisena cabinet">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sirisena_cabinet" title="Fourth Sirisena cabinet">Fourth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_alleged_Sri_Lankan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 alleged Sri Lankan coup d'état attempt">Coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Sri_Lanka_bond_scandal" title="Central Bank of Sri Lanka bond scandal">Central Bank of Sri Lanka bond scandal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2018 Sri Lankan constitutional crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings" title="2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings">2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Maithripala-_Russia_(portrait).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Maithripala-_Russia_%28portrait%29.jpg/90px-Maithripala-_Russia_%28portrait%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Maithripala-_Russia_%28portrait%29.jpg/135px-Maithripala-_Russia_%28portrait%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Maithripala-_Russia_%28portrait%29.jpg/180px-Maithripala-_Russia_%28portrait%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="667" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Maithripala_Sirisena" title="Electoral history of Maithripala Sirisena">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Parliamentary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1989_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="1989 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="1994 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="2000 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="2001 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="2004 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="2010 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">2020</a></li></ul></li> <li>Presidential <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Sri_Lankan_presidential_election" title="2015 Sri Lankan presidential election">2015</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumarasinghe_Sirisena" title="Kumarasinghe Sirisena">Kumarasinghe Sirisena</a> (brother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mahinda_Rajapaksa" title="Template:Mahinda Rajapaksa">← Mahinda Rajapaksa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Gotabaya_Rajapaksa" title="Template:Gotabaya Rajapaksa">Gotabaya Rajapaksa →</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mahinda_Rajapaksa884" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mahinda_Rajapaksa" title="Template:Mahinda Rajapaksa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mahinda_Rajapaksa" title="Template talk:Mahinda Rajapaksa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mahinda_Rajapaksa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mahinda Rajapaksa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mahinda_Rajapaksa884" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mahinda_Rajapaksa" title="Mahinda Rajapaksa">Mahinda Rajapaksa</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Sri Lanka">6th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Sri_Lanka" title="President of Sri Lanka">President of Sri Lanka</a> (2005–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Sri Lanka">13th</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Prime Minister of Sri Lanka">Prime Minister of Sri Lanka</a> (2004–2005), (2018), (2019–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Sri_Lankan_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Sri Lankan Parliament">Member of the Sri Lankan Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Kurunegala_Electoral_District" title="Kurunegala Electoral District">Kurunegala</a> (2015–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Sri_Lankan_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Sri Lankan Parliament">Member of the Sri Lankan Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Hambantota_Electoral_District" title="Hambantota Electoral District">Hambantota</a> (1989–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Sri_Lankan_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Sri Lankan Parliament">Member of the Sri Lankan Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Beliatta_Electoral_District" title="Beliatta Electoral District">Beliatta</a> (1970–1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mahinda_Rajapaksa#Presidency" title="Mahinda Rajapaksa">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/13th_Sri_Lankan_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="13th Sri Lankan Parliament">13th Sri Lankan Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Sri_Lankan_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="14th Sri Lankan Parliament">14th Sri Lankan Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahinda_Rajapaksa_cabinets" title="Mahinda Rajapaksa cabinets">Cabinets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Civil War">Sri Lankan Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_War_IV" title="Eelam War IV">Eelam War IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_during_the_final_stages_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="War crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan civil war">War crimes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Lasantha_Wickrematunge" title="Assassination of Lasantha Wickrematunge">Assassination of Lasantha Wickrematunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Sri_Lanka_worker_protests" title="2011 Sri Lanka worker protests">2011 Sri Lanka worker protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Shirani_Bandaranayake" title="Impeachment of Shirani Bandaranayake">Impeachment of Shirani Bandaranayake</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:WEF_on_the_Middle_East_Arab_and_foreign_Ministers_Crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mahinda Rajapaksa"><img alt="Mahinda Rajapaksa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/WEF_on_the_Middle_East_Arab_and_foreign_Ministers_Crop.jpg/90px-WEF_on_the_Middle_East_Arab_and_foreign_Ministers_Crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/WEF_on_the_Middle_East_Arab_and_foreign_Ministers_Crop.jpg/135px-WEF_on_the_Middle_East_Arab_and_foreign_Ministers_Crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/WEF_on_the_Middle_East_Arab_and_foreign_Ministers_Crop.jpg/180px-WEF_on_the_Middle_East_Arab_and_foreign_Ministers_Crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="729" data-file-height="1035" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mahinda_Rajapaksa#Post-presidency" title="Mahinda Rajapaksa">Post-presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_alleged_Sri_Lankan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 alleged Sri Lankan coup d'état attempt">2015 alleged Sri Lankan coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2018 Sri Lankan constitutional crisis</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Premiership62" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mahinda_Rajapaksa#Prime_Minister_(2019–2022)" title="Mahinda Rajapaksa">Premiership</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/16th_Sri_Lankan_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="16th Sri Lankan Parliament">16th Sri Lankan Parliament</a></li> <li>Cabinets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Gotabaya_Rajapaksa_cabinet" title="First Gotabaya Rajapaksa cabinet">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Gotabaya_Rajapaksa_cabinet" title="Second Gotabaya Rajapaksa cabinet">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Gotabaya_Rajapaksa_cabinet" title="Third Gotabaya Rajapaksa cabinet">Third</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%93present_Sri_Lankan_economic_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–present Sri Lankan economic crisis">2019 economic crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Sri_Lankan_protests" title="2022 Sri Lankan protests">2022 Sri Lankan protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Sri_Lankan_political_crisis" title="2022 Sri Lankan political crisis">2022 Sri Lankan political crisis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electoral history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Parliamentary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970_Ceylonese_parliamentary_election" title="1970 Ceylonese parliamentary election">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="1977 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="1989 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="1994 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="2000 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="2001 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="2004 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="2015 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">2020</a></li></ul></li> <li>Presidential <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Sri_Lankan_presidential_election" title="2005 Sri Lankan presidential election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Sri_Lankan_presidential_election" title="2010 Sri Lankan presidential election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Sri_Lankan_presidential_election" title="2015 Sri Lankan presidential election">2015</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rajapaksa_family" title="Rajapaksa family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiranthi_Rajapaksa" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiranthi Rajapaksa">Shiranthi Rajapaksa</a> (spouse)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namal_Rajapaksa" title="Namal Rajapaksa">Namal Rajapaksa</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshitha_Rajapaksa" title="Yoshitha Rajapaksa">Yoshitha Rajapaksa</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohitha_Rajapaksa" title="Rohitha Rajapaksa">Rohitha Rajapaksa</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._A._Rajapaksa" title="D. A. Rajapaksa">D. A. Rajapaksa</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamal_Rajapaksa" title="Chamal Rajapaksa">Chamal Rajapaksa</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashindra_Rajapaksa" class="mw-redirect" title="Shashindra Rajapaksa">Shashindra Rajapaksa</a> (nephew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotabaya_Rajapaksa" title="Gotabaya Rajapaksa">Gotabaya Rajapaksa</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_Rajapaksa" title="Basil Rajapaksa">Basil Rajapaksa</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._M._Rajapaksa" title="D. M. Rajapaksa">D. M. Rajapaksa</a> (uncle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshman_Rajapaksa" title="Lakshman Rajapaksa">Lakshman Rajapaksa</a> (cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rajapaksa" title="George Rajapaksa">George Rajapaksa</a> (cousin)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medamulana_Walawwa" title="Medamulana Walawwa">Medamulana Walawwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Maithripala_Sirisena" title="Template:Maithripala Sirisena">Maithripala Sirisena →</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ranil_Wickremesinghe1060" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ranil_Wickremesinghe" title="Template:Ranil Wickremesinghe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ranil_Wickremesinghe" title="Template talk:Ranil Wickremesinghe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ranil_Wickremesinghe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ranil Wickremesinghe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ranil_Wickremesinghe1060" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ranil_Wickremesinghe" title="Ranil Wickremesinghe">Ranil Wickremesinghe</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Sri Lanka">9th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Sri_Lanka" title="President of Sri Lanka">President of Sri Lanka</a> (2022–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Sri Lanka">10th</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Prime Minister of Sri Lanka">Prime Minister of Sri Lanka</a> (1993–1994), (2001–2004), (2015–2019), (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Sri Lanka)">Leader of the Opposition</a> (1994–2001), (2004–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_list_member_of_Parliament_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="National list member of Parliament (Sri Lanka)">National List Member of the Sri Lankan Parliament</a> (2021–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Sri_Lankan_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Sri Lankan Parliament">Member of the Sri Lankan Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Colombo_Electoral_District" title="Colombo Electoral District">Colombo</a> (1994–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Sri_Lankan_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Sri Lankan Parliament">Member of the Sri Lankan Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Gampaha_Electoral_District" title="Gampaha Electoral District">Gampaha</a> (1977–1994)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ranil_Wickremesinghe#Presidency_(2022–present)" title="Ranil Wickremesinghe">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/16th_Parliament_of_Sri_Lanka" title="16th Parliament of Sri Lanka">16th Parliament of Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Ranil_Wickremesinghe" title="Inauguration of Ranil Wickremesinghe">Inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Ranil_Wickremesinghe" title="List of international presidential trips made by Ranil Wickremesinghe">Presidential trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickremesinghe_cabinet" title="Wickremesinghe cabinet">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%93present_Sri_Lankan_economic_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–present Sri Lankan economic crisis">2019 economic crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Sri_Lankan_protests" title="2022 Sri Lankan protests">2022 Sri Lankan protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Sri_Lankan_political_crisis" title="2022 Sri Lankan political crisis">2022 Sri Lankan political crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Sri_Lankan_blackouts" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Sri Lankan blackouts">2023 Sri Lankan blackouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Yukthiya" title="Operation Yukthiya">Operation Yukthiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_Safety_Bill_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Safety Bill (Sri Lanka)">Online Safety Bill</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:President_Dr_Muizzu_meets_Sri_Lankan_President_Ranil_Wickremesinghe_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ranil Wickremesinghe"><img alt="Ranil Wickremesinghe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/President_Dr_Muizzu_meets_Sri_Lankan_President_Ranil_Wickremesinghe_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-President_Dr_Muizzu_meets_Sri_Lankan_President_Ranil_Wickremesinghe_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/President_Dr_Muizzu_meets_Sri_Lankan_President_Ranil_Wickremesinghe_%28cropped%29.jpg/135px-President_Dr_Muizzu_meets_Sri_Lankan_President_Ranil_Wickremesinghe_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/President_Dr_Muizzu_meets_Sri_Lankan_President_Ranil_Wickremesinghe_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-President_Dr_Muizzu_meets_Sri_Lankan_President_Ranil_Wickremesinghe_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="903" data-file-height="1271" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Premierships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Parliaments <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9th_Parliament_of_Sri_Lanka" title="9th Parliament of Sri Lanka">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Parliament_of_Sri_Lanka" title="12th Parliament of Sri Lanka">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Parliament_of_Sri_Lanka" title="14th Parliament of Sri Lanka">14th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Parliament_of_Sri_Lanka" title="15th Parliament of Sri Lanka">15th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Parliament_of_Sri_Lanka" title="16th Parliament of Sri Lanka">16th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Ranil_Wickremesinghe" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Ranil Wickremesinghe">Prime ministerial trips</a></li> <li>Cabinets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wijetunga_cabinet" title="Wijetunga cabinet">Wijetunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumaratunga_cabinets" title="Kumaratunga cabinets">Kumaratunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sirisena_cabinet" title="First Sirisena cabinet">Sirisena I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sirisena_cabinet" title="Second Sirisena cabinet">Sirisena II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sirisena_cabinet" title="Fourth Sirisena cabinet">Sirisena IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Gotabaya_Rajapaksa_cabinet" title="Fourth Gotabaya Rajapaksa cabinet">G. Rajapaksa IV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Sri_Lanka_bond_scandal" title="Central Bank of Sri Lanka bond scandal">Central Bank of Sri Lanka bond scandal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2018 Sri Lankan constitutional crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings" title="2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings">2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electoral history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Parliamentary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1977_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="1977 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="1989 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="1994 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="2000 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="2001 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="2004 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="2010 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="2015 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Sri_Lankan_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Sri Lankan parliamentary election">2020</a></li></ul></li> <li>Presidential <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1999_Sri_Lankan_presidential_election" title="1999 Sri Lankan presidential election">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Sri_Lankan_presidential_election" title="2005 Sri Lankan presidential election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Sri_Lankan_presidential_election" title="2022 Sri Lankan presidential election">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Sri_Lankan_presidential_election" title="2024 Sri Lankan presidential election">2024</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maithree_Wickremesinghe" title="Maithree Wickremesinghe">Maithree Wickremesinghe</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esmond_Wickremesinghe" title="Esmond Wickremesinghe">Esmond Wickremesinghe</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_Wickremesinghe" title="Shan Wickremesinghe">Shan Wickremesinghe</a> (brother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/115_Fifth_Lane" title="115 Fifth Lane">115 Fifth Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batalanda_detention_centre" title="Batalanda detention centre">Batalanda detention centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Gotabaya_Rajapaksa" title="Template:Gotabaya Rajapaksa">← Gotabaya Rajapaksa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Anura_Kumara_Dissanayake" title="Template:Anura Kumara Dissanayake">Anura Kumara Dissanayake →</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings115" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings" title="Template:2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings" title="Template talk:2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings115" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings" title="2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings">2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_modern_era#Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Christians in the modern era">Persecution of Christians in the modern era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_anti-Muslim_riots_in_Sri_Lanka" title="2018 anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka">2018 anti-Muslim riots</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2018 Sri Lankan constitutional crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpetrators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Thowheeth_Jama%27ath" title="National Thowheeth Jama'ath">National Thowheeth Jama'ath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammiyathul_Millathu_Ibrahim" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammiyathul Millathu Ibrahim">Jammiyathul Millathu Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a> (Alleged)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attacked locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Anthony%27s_Shrine,_Kochchikade" title="St. Anthony's Shrine, Kochchikade">St. Anthony's Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Sebastian%27s_Church,_Katuwapitiya" title="St. Sebastian's Church, Katuwapitiya">St. Sebastian's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zion_Church,_Batticaloa" title="Zion Church, Batticaloa">Zion Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangri-La_Colombo" title="Shangri-La Colombo">Shangri-La Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_Grand_Colombo" title="Cinnamon Grand Colombo">Cinnamon Grand Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kingsbury" title="The Kingsbury">The Kingsbury</a></li> <li>Dematagoda Housing complex</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other targeted locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandaranaike_International_Airport" title="Bandaranaike International Airport">Bandaranaike International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_Cinema,_Colombo" title="Savoy Cinema, Colombo">Savoy Cinema, Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moratuwa_bus_stand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moratuwa bus stand (page does not exist)">Moratuwa bus stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj_Samudra" title="Taj Samudra">Taj Samudra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sainthamaruthu_shootout" title="Sainthamaruthu shootout">Sainthamaruthu shootout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_anti-Muslim_riots_in_Sri_Lanka" title="2019 anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka">2019 anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fake_news_coverage_of_Sri_Lankan_businesses_after_the_2019_Easter_bombings" title="Fake news coverage of Sri Lankan businesses after the 2019 Easter bombings">Fake news</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_the_Easter_Attacks" title="Presidential Commission of Inquiry on the Easter Attacks">Presidential Commission of Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overall_Operational_Command" title="Overall Operational Command">Overall Operational Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Christchurch mosque shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamist_terrorist_attacks" title="List of Islamist terrorist attacks">List of Islamist terrorist attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to ISIL">Linked to ISIL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Christianity in Sri Lanka">Christianity in Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Terrorism in Sri Lanka">Terrorism in Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in Sri Lanka">Censorship in Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&oldid=1274139112">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2018_Sri_Lankan_constitutional_crisis&oldid=1274139112</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2018_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Category:2018 in Sri Lanka">2018 in Sri Lanka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Constitutional_crises" title="Category:Constitutional crises">Constitutional 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