— Free Software Foundation — Working together for free software

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="FSF, Free Software Foundation, Free Software, Libre Software" /> <meta http-equiv="Description" content="The FSF is a charity with a worldwide mission to advance software freedom." /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <base href="https://www.fsf.org/" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=0.6666; maximum-scale=1.0; minimum-scale=0.6666" /> <meta name="generator" content="Plone - https://plone.org" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" /> <meta name="generator" content="Plone - https://plone.org" /> <title> — Free Software Foundation — Working together for free software</title> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright information" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/rdf" /> <link rel="author" title="Author information" href="//about/staff/" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/plone3/css/print-2011-10-13.css" /> <style type="text/css" media="screen"> @import url('//static.fsf.org/nosvn/plone4/css/fsf-2017-11-13.css');</style> <link rel="alternate" title="FSF News" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/news.xml" type="application/rss+xml" /> <link rel="alternate" title="FSF Events" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/events.xml" type="application/rss+xml" /> <link rel="alternate" title="FSF Blogs" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/blogs.xml" type="application/rss+xml" /> <link rel="alternate" title="Free Software Jobs" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/jobs.xml" type="application/rss+xml" /> <link rel="alternate" title="GNU Project News" href="//www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss" type="application/rss+xml" /> <link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software" href="//www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss" type="application/rss+xml" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> <style type="text/css"> #breadcrumbs-you-are-here, #breadcrumbs-home, #breadcrumbs-current, #breadcrumbs-1 { display: none; 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} #fsf-modal-window-elem-buttons a { width: 100%; display: block; text-align: center; font-size: 35px; color: #fff; /* Text */ text-decoration: none; font-family: sans-serif,"Helvetica",Arial; font-weight: normal; } #fsf-modal-window-elem-maybe-later { margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: -5px; } #fsf-modal-window-elem-maybe-later a { color: #367c93; /* Text */ line-height: 20px; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; font-weight: normal; font-family: sans-serif,"Helvetica",Arial; font-size: 16px; } #fsf-modal-window-elem-text a { color: #fdd538; /* Text */ font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; } #fsf-modal-window-elem-text p { font-family: sans-serif,"Helvetica",Arial; font-size: 17px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 10px 0px; line-height: 20px; color: #fff; /* Text */ } </style> <div id="fsf-modal-window-elem-container" style="display: none;"> <div id="fsf-modal-window-elem-outer-v-center"> <div id="fsf-modal-window-elem-inner-v-center"> <div id="fsf-modal-window-elem"> <div id="fsf-modal-window-elem-header"> <div id="fsf-modal-window-elem-close-button" onclick="//fsfModalWindowElemDontShowForAWhile();"> <i class="fa fa-close"></i> </div> <h2>Technological freedom is important more than ever!</h2> </div> <div id="fsf-modal-window-elem-left-column"> <div id="fsf-modal-window-elem-text"> <p> Please take thirty seconds to read this: free software makes up the building blocks to anything. You can use it to tailor programs that work for you, combine things as you wish, and share these building blocks with others. This is why the FSF has published and promoted free software licenses since 1985, sponsors the GNU System, and tirelessly campaigns for free software adoption. </p> <p> Powered by member dues and donations, the FSF can only continue to be the cornerstone of a more just digital society with your support. Build a better world with us by matching the average donation of USD $46.22. </p> <p><span id="fsf-modal-window-text-link"><a href="https://my.fsf.org/donate?mtm_campaign=fall24&mtm_source=modal">Donate</a> | <a href="https://www.fsf.org/appeal?mtm_campaign=fall24&mtm_source=modal">Read more</a></span></p> </div> </div> <div id="fsf-modal-window-elem-right-column">  <div id="fsf-modal-window-elem-buttons" style="border-radius: 20px;box-shadow: 5px 0 5px -6px #0c2b2b, -5px 0 5px -6px #0c2b2b;"> <div class="join" style="background-color:#3498DB; border-top-right-radius: 20px; border-top-left-radius: 20px;"> <a style="color:#fdd538;text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #2670a1;" href="https://my.fsf.org/join?mtm_campaign=fall24&mtm_source=modal" onclick="//fsfModalWindowElemFollowedLink();"> <i class="fa fa-check-circle"> </i>Join </a> </div> <div class="renew" style="background-color:#2ecc71;"> <a style="color: #FFF;text-shadow: 0px 0px 8px #219452;" href="https://my.fsf.org/renew?mtm_campaign=fall24&mtm_source=modal" onclick="//fsfModalWindowElemFollowedLink();"> <i class="fa fa-refresh"> </i>Renew </a> </div> <div class="donate" style="background-color:#1abc9c; border-bottom-right-radius: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 20px; margin-bottom: 2px"> <a style="text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px #138c74;" href="https://my.fsf.org/donate?mtm_campaign=fall24&mtm_source=modal" onclick="//fsfModalWindowElemFollowedLink();"> <i class="fa fa-money"> </i>Donate </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> // @license magnet:?xt=urn:btih:1f739d935676111cfff4b4693e3816e664797050&dn=gpl-3.0.txt GPL-3.0 // Licensed GPL-3.0-or-later by Andrew Engelbrecht. var startTime, endTime, switchTextTime; startTime = new Date('2024-06-08T04:00:00Z'); switchTextTime = new Date('2024-07-30T04:00:00Z'); // Turning this off for now. // endTime is unused. // endTime = new Date('2024-07-29T04:00:00Z'); // Possibly switch the text that is displayed in the modal window, depending // upon the current date. function fsfModalWindowElemMaybeSwitchText () { var now; now = new Date(); if (now.getTime() < switchTextTime.getTime()) { return; // Do not switch the text. } // Switch text document.getElementById("fsf-modal-window-elem-text").innerHTML =' \ \ <p>Please take thirty seconds to read this: free software makes up the building blocks to anything. You can use it to tailor programs that work for you, combine things as you wish, and share these building blocks with others. This is why the FSF has published and promoted free software licenses since 1985, sponsors the GNU System, and tirelessly campaigns for free software adoption.<\/p> \ \ <p>Powered by member dues and donations, the FSF can only continue to be the cornerstone of a more just digital society with your support. Build a better world with us by matching the average donation of USD \$46.22.<\/p> \ \ <p><span id="fsf-modal-window-text-link"><a href="https://my.fsf.org/donate?mtm_campaign=fall24&mtm_source=modal">Donate<\/a> | <a href="https://www.fsf.org/appeal?mtm_campaign=fall24&mtm_source=modal">Read more<\/a><\/span><\/p>'; } // Show fsf-modal-window-elem if it has not been previously closed by the user, // nor recently hit "maybe later", and the campaign is still happening. function fsfModalWindowElemMaybeShow () { var pattern, noShowFsfModalWindowElementP, now; // See if cookie says not to show element pattern = /showFsf202406FundraiserModalWindowElementP\s*=\s*false/; noShowFsfModalWindowElementP = pattern.test(document.cookie); // Uncomment here to enable modal window hiding if (!noShowFsfModalWindowElementP) { setTimeout(function () { // display the element document.getElementById("fsf-modal-window-elem-container").style.display="block"; }, 0); } } // Call this first to set the proper text. fsfModalWindowElemMaybeSwitchText(); // Check if appeal is the url. if (window.location.href.indexOf("appeal") == -1) { // Call this right away to avoid flicker. fsfModalWindowElemMaybeShow(); } // Get the time `plusDays` in the future. // This can be a fraction. function daysInFuture (plusDays) { var now, future; now = new Date(); future = new Date(now.getTime() + Math.floor(1000 * 60 * 60 * 24 * plusDays)); return future.toGMTString(); } // Hide the fsf-modal-window-elem function fsfModalWindowElemHide () { document.getElementById("fsf-modal-window-elem-container").style.display="none"; } // Optionally hide elem and set a cookie to keep the fsf-modal-window-elem hidden for the next `forDays`. function fsfModalWindowElemDontShowForDays (forDays, hideNow) { if (hideNow === true) { fsfModalWindowElemHide(); } document.cookie = "showFsf202406FundraiserModalWindowElementP=false; path=/; SameSite=Strict; Secure; expires=" + daysInFuture(forDays); } // Hide the element for one week after closing it. function fsfModalWindowElemDontShowForAWhile () { fsfModalWindowElemDontShowForDays(7, true); } // Keep the element visible for now, but do not show it for two weeks. function fsfModalWindowElemFollowedLink () { fsfModalWindowElemDontShowForDays(14, false); } // Check if visiting appeal page. if (window.location.href.indexOf("appeal") > -1) { fsfModalWindowElemDontShowForAWhile(); } // Close popup if user clicks trasparent part document.getElementById("fsf-modal-window-elem-container").addEventListener("click", function(event){ fsfModalWindowElemDontShowForAWhile(); }); // Do not close popup if clicking non-trasparent part (with the text and buttons) document.getElementById("fsf-modal-window-elem").addEventListener("click", function(event){ event.stopPropagation(); }); // Close popup if user clicks X icon. document.getElementById("fsf-modal-window-elem-close-button").addEventListener("click", function(event){ fsfModalWindowElemDontShowForAWhile(); }); // Disable popup if user clicks one of the main buttons. document.getElementById("fsf-modal-window-elem-buttons").addEventListener("click", function(event){ fsfModalWindowElemFollowedLink(); }); // Disable popup if user clicks one of the "Read more" link. document.getElementById("fsf-modal-window-text-link").addEventListener("click", function(event){ fsfModalWindowElemFollowedLink(); }); // Close popup if user presses escape key. window.addEventListener("keydown", function (event) { switch (event.key) { case "Escape": fsfModalWindowElemDontShowForAWhile(); break; default: return; } }, true); // @license-end </script> </div>  <div id="coolio"> <p class="onlyMobile"><a tabindex="1" href="#content">Skip to content</a>, <a tabindex="2" href="/sitemap#content">sitemap</a> or <a tabindex="3" href="/search_form#content">skip to search</a>.</p> <div id="hd" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 6px;" class="custom-doc visualNoPrint"> <header> <a href="/"> <img id="fsf-logo" style="position: absolute; bottom: 0px;" src="//static.fsf.org/common/img/logo-new.png" /> </a> <div id="portal-personaltools-wrapper"> <div id="fsf-custom"> <h5 class="hiddenStructure">Personal tools</h5> <ul id="portal-personaltools"> <li> <a href="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/member-dashboard" id="personaltools-login">Log in</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.fsf.org/help-menu" id="personaltools-login-problems">Help!</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/about-the-members-forum" id="personaltools-forum-promo">Members forum</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <a href="//fsf.org/jfb"> <img id="join-button" src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/join.en.png" alt="Join now" style="float: right;" /> </a> </header> </div> <div class="yui-g" id="fsf-nav"> <div class="navi"> <div> <div class="custom-doc"> <nav> <ul class="main-nav navigation"> <li><a href="/about/" title="">About</a></li> <li><a href="/campaigns/" title="">Campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/licensing/" title="">Licensing</a></li> <li><a href="/associate/" title="">Membership</a></li> <li><a href="/resources/" title="">Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/community/" title="">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/donate/" title="">♥Donate♥</a></li> <li><a href="//shop.fsf.org/" title="">Shop</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/@@search" class="search-link"><span class="link-text">Search</span><span class="search-icon"></span></a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="custom-doc yui-t5"> <div id="bd"><div id="yui-main"> <div class="yui-g"><div class="yui-b"> <div id="portal-column-content" class="cell width-3:4 position-0"> <div id="viewlet-above-content"><div id="portal-breadcrumbs"> <span id="breadcrumbs-you-are-here">You are here:</span> <span id="breadcrumbs-home"> <a href="https://www.fsf.org">Home</a> </span> </div></div> <div class=""> <dl class="portalMessage info" id="kssPortalMessage" style="display:none"> <dt>Info</dt> <dd></dd> </dl> <article> <div id="content"> <h1 class="documentFirstHeading"> This page does not seem to exist… </h1> <div id="content-core"> <p> We apologize for the inconvenience, but the page you were trying to access is not at this address. You can use the links below to help you find what you are looking for. </p> <p> If you are certain you have the correct web address but are encountering an error, please contact the <span> <a href="https://www.fsf.org/contact-info">Site Administration</a></span>. </p> <p> Thank you. </p>  <h3>You might have been looking for…</h3> <dl> <dt class="contenttype-document"> <a href="https://www.fsf.org/free-software-supporter/2024/may" class="state-visible">Free Software Supporter -- Issue 193, May 2024 </a> <span class="discreet"> by fsfweb, Jun 24, 2024 01:48 PM </span> </dt> <dd></dd> </dl> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div id="viewlet-below-content"> </div> </div> </div></div></div> <div id="fsf-sidebar" class="yui-b visualNoPrint"> <aside> <span style="display: none;">1PC9aZC4hNX2rmmrt7uHTfYAS3hRbph4UN</span> <div id="search"> <form id="sidesearch" name="searchform" action="/search"> <p><input name="SearchableText" tabindex="1" type="text" size="30" title="Search Site" /></p> <p><input class="searchButton" type="submit" value="Search" /></p> </form> </div> <div class="visualPadding"> <div class="portletWrapper" data-portlethash="706c6f6e652e7269676874636f6c756d6e0a636f6e746578740a2f6673660a737570706f72746572" id="portletwrapper-706c6f6e652e7269676874636f6c756d6e0a636f6e746578740a2f6673660a737570706f72746572"><div class="portletStaticText portlet-static-supporter"><div style="text-align: center;"> <h5>Sign up</h5> <form action="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/profile/create?reset=1&gid=31" method="post"> <p>Enter your email address to receive our monthly newsletter, the<br /><a href="https://www.fsf.org/free-software-supporter/">Free Software Supporter</a></p> <p><input id="frmEmail" type="text" name="email-Primary" size="18" maxlength="80"></p> <p><input type="submit" name="_qf_Edit_next" value="Subscribe me"></p> <div><input name="postURL" type="hidden" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="group[25]" value="1"> <input name="cancelURL" type="hidden" value="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/profile?reset=1&gid=31"> <input name="_qf_default" type="hidden" value="Edit:cancel"> </div> </form></div></div> </div> <div class="portletWrapper" data-portlethash="706c6f6e652e7269676874636f6c756d6e0a636f6e746578740a2f6673660a6673662d6e6577732d727373" id="portletwrapper-706c6f6e652e7269676874636f6c756d6e0a636f6e746578740a2f6673660a6673662d6e6577732d727373"><div class="portletStaticText portlet-static-fsf-news-rss"><p style="float: right;"><a href="/static/fsforg/rss/news.xml" title="Subscribe to an RSS feed of FSF news"><img src="/static/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="RSS feed" /></a></p></div> </div> <div class="portletWrapper" data-portlethash="706c6f6e652e7269676874636f6c756d6e0a636f6e746578740a2f6673660a6e657773" id="portletwrapper-706c6f6e652e7269676874636f6c756d6e0a636f6e746578740a2f6673660a6e657773"><dl class="portlet portletNews" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <dt class="portletHeader"> <span class="portletTopLeft"></span> <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news" class="tile">News</a> <span class="portletTopRight"></span> </dt> <dd class="portletItem odd"> <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-is-working-on-freedom-in-machine-learning-applications" class="tile" title="BOSTON (October 22, 2024) -- The Free Software Foundation (FSF) has announced today that it is working on a statement of criteria for free machine learning applications, which will require the software, as well as the raw training data and associated scripts, to grant users the four freedoms."> <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/css/img/newsitem_icon.gif" alt="News Item" /> FSF is working on freedom in machine learning applications <span class="portletItemDetails">Oct 22, 2024</span> </a> </dd> <dd class="portletItem even"> <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-associate-members-to-assist-in-review-current-board-members" class="tile" title=""> <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/css/img/newsitem_icon.gif" alt="News Item" /> FSF associate members to assist in review of current board members <span class="portletItemDetails">Oct 21, 2024</span> </a> </dd> <dd class="portletItem odd"> <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-serves-on-nist" class="tile" title=" BOSTON (October 8, 2024) -- The Free Software Foundation (FSF) has announced that it is taking part in the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)'s consortium on the safety of (so-called) artificial intelligence, particularly with reference to "generative" AI systems. The FSF will ensure the free software perspective is adequately represented in these discussions. "> <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/css/img/newsitem_icon.gif" alt="News Item chemical/x-isostar" /> Free Software Foundation to serve on "artificial intelligence" safety consortium <span class="portletItemDetails">Oct 09, 2024</span> </a> </dd> <dd class="portletFooter"> <span class="portletBottomLeft"></span> <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news"> More news… </a> <span class="portletBottomRight"></span> </dd> </dl></div> <div class="portletWrapper" data-portlethash="706c6f6e652e7269676874636f6c756d6e0a636f6e746578740a2f6673660a6673662d626c6f67732d727373" id="portletwrapper-706c6f6e652e7269676874636f6c756d6e0a636f6e746578740a2f6673660a6673662d626c6f67732d727373"><div class="portletStaticText portlet-static-fsf-blogs-rss"><p style="float: right;"><a href="/static/fsforg/rss/blogs.xml" title="Subscribe to an RSS feed of FSF blogs"><img src="/static/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="RSS feed" /></a></p></div> </div> <div class="portletWrapper" data-portlethash="706c6f6e652e7269676874636f6c756d6e0a636f6e746578740a2f6673660a726563656e742d626c6f6773" id="portletwrapper-706c6f6e652e7269676874636f6c756d6e0a636f6e746578740a2f6673660a726563656e742d626c6f6773"><dl class="portlet portletCollection portlet-collection-recent-blogs"> <dt class="portletHeader"> <span class="portletTopLeft"></span> <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/recent-blog-posts"> <span>Recent blogs</span> </a> <span class="portletTopRight"></span> </dt> <dd class="portletItem odd"> <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/bulletin-issue-45" class="tile contenttype-blog-entry" title="The latest issue of the Free Software Bulletin is now online. 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