CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913551b9bb00f8d0',cH: 'IyD78u8zjkTsttx1zu9ci7vc3vvJtS_o1ZexZJd2ELU-1739790503-1.2.1.1-utgN8Nc62FTuRw_EvMJKUgRe2rnVB3g0MMqt65b61Z1IJOSJkkNdrbTRVhlPojUJ',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=means&__cf_chl_tk=EYddIS2AeqXC3U4yL0ZgQz2KBuJGfoaSwRzdK2m_iKg-1739790503-1.0.1.1-d.J5o6iIHTfjKnqqkLUc7_LG_NfH1E_b_6dkEk0EvvE",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739790503',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=means&__cf_chl_f_tk=EYddIS2AeqXC3U4yL0ZgQz2KBuJGfoaSwRzdK2m_iKg-1739790503-1.0.1.1-d.J5o6iIHTfjKnqqkLUc7_LG_NfH1E_b_6dkEk0EvvE",md: "7MmF0HDIGFcwx4B61qk.TmTgdG3PLPrVFY8R9Jm2ugc-1739790503-1.2.1.1-iUc4TerhCvwKDDCAJwaPdKMec7AUGNSpDaTmgR0bX9OAGc9JDMrsQz0BuMLc5PQ5Qusxi9wPdiwMLdswQ6Svs5rfLi_YCsIMZzJG7t41M7EB.1Gm6G6dCUE2rr0FPJAUXQotp5wFk6zThkcuzweZ6VOEfTj_3AsQZDrhvHwROgQlYqtH9JEXhSayDamNadXpmmCMEVcc0uNUNlj.gyXNzSF3s42EEZIvYrUDxbSNdIRbB6s4v5.Dm4_uyZhL7evxqbUH2loqAqbeYgElfP9fLmCeixmk9GSvpM8_RtwLeFTzZrW1KU.NptMdx1vANl7gh92oo6_XBh6i4nzpjIFOKk4alCiUw7NZeFK8htlPHTMGpbImw0NIcTex6Te.EBWociVpjmp2F_oIU5fF3_zvdl25UpwtY9kzyO4klAV6T3qS5W__pvRC4ltu4AxTWmh8Smxysy1Ja0kzqOBk7nL0NO2BK_OZHAqhTMhYlBeVGJeok2vjlymxee9rfg1elzm1UM2wgoBSeRJIzWAXhkKWFOjU1YSrc4DJREBNEmSgIawGohjGHSlX27ulIPngygR7FJdXJPHKAWZ3dT5DjBsQcufWgDI7C7uB9Dn7z3dgH3e_UtIBBkreDkWVz3L58N.8.7Ra6YTHiSr6t3YUdmGektZdZkGKWb1W1H58DWJwBZGHNbG8Kr0xsBP64f83Cj210M49hl0KyoPkzYfD9.ENcmhxwHldUNsN1hyXuEw_eTV8cilz.BTOC_LqzekTZB5DAo9hjvoOHcxcKb1yCJ0lWbAiyc9YC7V7m1A.8zrTGV77T5aNTfYz9yQB8g1RFarxqKvv8uke_RIbJc5Hf2IQxU_DXXM9KNct6I.WIqqpVvmni42T33Bq61lvShKIFkc9dHge4NtEAl3kAiPVYI6.w2cfKrXnATJa6YnwTK6axA0MSEPmDn8xBC__J__DD.g7OPTYejl3swEXHFkNDG7X8i7r3S535O6Emdc8bthv9q3myJ3GplQuWm7W7Y436yISE.WKawcAknpow5PGLwoIub2rLy.YynFBksBoDkjIFIy_i1aLWo7rCi4nJNfPpZh8i0qaFSVqgchmMyWSGcj9B.UWYOIRKUphEGBUhDdYeo.8ZOEDOQ9pud6CgS7BJmxJVI.yMZN5wHphuNJkTbUyHEysauuxnuCvY7aXgvtCTZEXOJw6tjhDh4F5j6BuHWtmW4xl2gIfJNnqoSmpexMgTr8gwdTEWieu.FLuJYkcmYPqjVRPz3nC8J856rzxbwHLkoBfgTKH97YFf5EFPr390r5VyGIS89c6V54kFSCfv240ylvo6C74MszMrFvhmaSJ1suq8_33CIJ2T1YZS4foqgQbK56UGcSM3FyjSBi9kmxXasmh9Dsa5aALiz3DwOaUOI7RcHR8NmnCS.i0WZGyGIThG9.sZNrYbQbaH8zP.zp52eU201qXAYADnlL0zHxy7NAjO2vEWYl4j_cPIN38TZII_Ju.qDH1Br3XBy1Eytulq6.s8YT_aWuSctSIPT_6R5BeH0KOtEDZKYD2VyPzw7ALrmikbGOssXoJ_TVxI_z_LUa55MjSRzyZtzopUgbVZqtk_RVbWMbKicBro68cgMwn8HFFgmDCaVhBngXkW7RHhkANgxcESFVvL2cZDfASaGs2l086TlJiJvaDB_GP_tzDyM_mc2bTJ_MsboAxbK0VvSmyeCvbbnFPch.vIf2W6aloBeCsmW1LA5exi1hqwrMXKL.AuRbnaEvViBLyWqaQqTKc4pmZC4cm9SbKlbjOsMYs6_sho1480qO23Rlh2TDidp3eUzUmU_BtBlyIjenQL9IExWZAzqg1zeGWqfkj4GT1NhntNsAChnE4BLtkxsjEOy3sBVUc6fxfsfY1ElZlEMzQILJt6OTrIy804Rn_",mdrd: "L0WlJGM9OsXim9lnsgsuliaeixAUFvijpMDLpIvwBAI-1739790503-1.2.1.1-RMPKnTpsCq9SbAeGS1dJ34yRqqRErFdOq6Ei_SsbyTMMaIY9ukGzhdqNFQbxJYNVNhljs7JClrY2iDu.RgLRPThpG6BAahwG_OUyf6OBlnTRjbdDT6RkkrSWvMgbNGPQpeeaV9qcKQwAgaUvhJBZjYCwyk1vy08p.AvhNNifeBm_sdtcYgX61AW7EkVixBJUYEsd.L_pG5dbKc3I1VPAhhrRUdlunElQzL1z8N575KaQYdUZoWNrRjMOyQfkCRCMPcH13RjsiuHbD9hJUxNbXoRgm4fa0ezmHfMANZ910RxhR8kzQQYwnpUhLyOsA2XE0jUsUX0Z8KZ.V4c72O6ZKgHT9PTtRMO_hpS1OQBYeFk21CuN0wB1cAVCXIWbhx_gGtDhACX54jM1j0yvG8OD85xPZFhOKGHNw7GSHN08K4u6tdkBAv9DdugpiOhZnmsigwqYEaTrXK_d6kibbeVh1KIvRMM_Btn0WbuYpEwEhl7v8Labzy4PVfiLoV5MjNVADI7vJALEs6EHqv3nYl19dJqLQ_DFrVy.j_LWUiKepppDV3Ud5gdsdYnGvTQHr9c5uAqa_4KxGuCYY6d9o2y37WiXIm.V.EqG5TVx9OUbkBGq6Dxdq_qluiKXWq4tR0dWT9o9gG.xIezsgB3gwtW0.rx6EQ9dcSXvuobXyBFC.x12fdUB9VpWsUsbfWDrZTQOg6rKZjq_S04erQHpcJxon37LlMMuAtav2fk7yh.Ja84eLw8C74HUMCSfz0YWpqKENGetKLTsSoLq_Wv14YLvTAzRnBtjZMgMXw7GBsehUi0HsKnsuxAhvle79pSSmrKYRKeJ5m48jNFj.UagVDfwtTPliAcra7AF1pVddPBaSWZ6Ewc1COclqnWY8oV3OlO24IzX_epzBCC9_LyDilCW0oEAQprEz2XmGNgRNoLBrbCjK9mWuajuCLqMwWSnetwgT0w7DdIudP98Y.26Oe7EMpEY6PQvXO8S9QIvHzYUgsPnWud.OAD.W.4JcDjqH5cLlOYV.IbcLZhzn_ujC1bNCEry4xrbNhdzQsneGWJbysg82jVJ.EgG.WCe0iHHYK9_td1XBlmUB7_ORJ2FEPl0JiAHn6Y9bPztmlueI7a.O4woufu3i2sWJdxHO5KDhfCNkni7ONsSTD8GeyecCzNsGk6QYjvY.0QHasbBWn2640boncFLET3GUJ4QXQOkNKL6DBJkPiwrzUI8ontD.r63Qp.c4uSYwLX8mD1dPHngYZN5o0MtUC2JDRv8.6O79kqHaIZ9e3CidZnu_SHTJwNHHAMoVRHh_36sQh7_QyGMMXrDnVaE0zX0Gb9eXmT01YxojHt7Pc3jCkyt_CWFcfRt5RPTKTjuf3ADYSm1nF_E0fpS8jGyhBe7ML5ZEies3mN6mSah5cT9h69YB8y9.L0Qf88IIGDppDJcBjC_W507cLT.ozH9xW9gMPgrChPKKXfonltCvxlF5qTVM.IA2UXMXNcxxxITZ3ZhGPvAUkBjU1jUj9g1fx94KUiMZM1i3q1oO7hrdWmx7nvzOywdjyR3OaxzqULHGrlAIaMcICNDjlYvvUtmO1BwtyfDPzanE7Iclepj_fv4HbdipBzAgTfMDaCFVEZmGx.1tPL4JDtfqejGRDKLTdjr6HxPFX4S4oRGY.9yYi0TrpheLr923Fjy_Fy2MsHYiKAR0jTUE45Tx._jqG1Vxv0Hm0rhkdfbVRiIfpvf_eQ3u9hzu0dXjwvhItHQftpPInLAn1OfKjrESiBknUaG4_RlPoZQKijfMRHHTqGgXhchN8bPdUcqOVoNDXD0_uImqWAV.kl3dZ074ABfPWR750xZM63kM5VCUgOB2TUq9koZFK1zybwIrOKqpA9e_M.IXvHkWmeMFqHo9ZbbGiZZcQXCEBfcetYcgwGZ6Q7Brt_V3ZwisB_CqdgRRS6FELyv2HQbi6rR7raXn38hO5ePV1cfFk1iNjEc76nU"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913551b9bb00f8d0';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=means&__cf_chl_rt_tk=EYddIS2AeqXC3U4yL0ZgQz2KBuJGfoaSwRzdK2m_iKg-1739790503-1.0.1.1-d.J5o6iIHTfjKnqqkLUc7_LG_NfH1E_b_6dkEk0EvvE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>