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</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Map_of_Central_Asia.png/320px-Map_of_Central_Asia.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Map_of_Central_Asia.png/480px-Map_of_Central_Asia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Map_of_Central_Asia.png/640px-Map_of_Central_Asia.png 2x" data-file-width="1239" data-file-height="941" /></a><figcaption>Urban map of Central Asia (click to enlarge)</figcaption></figure><p>India's <b>'Connect <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>'</b> Policy is a broad-based approach, including political, security, economic and cultural connections. The importance of this policy was strengthened when the <a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Narendra_Modi#2015" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Narendra Modi">Prime Minister of India visited</a> all the five countries— Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan— in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Connect_Central_Asia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012_elucidation">2012 elucidation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Connect_Central_Asia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 2012 elucidation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> On 12 June 2012 <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>'s Minister of State for External Affairs <a href="/wiki/E._Ahamed" title="E. Ahamed">E. Ahamed</a> outlined some of the elements of India's 'Connect Central Asia' policy as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style></p><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style=";"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> will continue to build on our strong political relations through the exchange of high level visits. Its leaders will continue to interact closely both in bilateral and multilateral fora.</li> <li>India will strengthen its strategic and security cooperation. India already has strategic partnerships in place with some Central Asian countries. In focus will be military training, joint research, counter-terrorism coordination and close consultations on Afghanistan.</li> <li>India will step up multilateral engagement with Central Asian partners using the synergy of joint efforts through existing fora like the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Community" title="Eurasian Economic Community">Eurasian Economic Community</a> (EEC) and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Custom Union (page does not exist)">Custom Union</a>. India has already proposed a Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement to integrate its markets with the unifying Eurasian space.</li> <li>India looks to Central Asia as a long term partner in energy, and natural resources. Central Asia possesses large cultivable tracts of land and it sees potential for India to cooperate in production of profitable crops with value addition.</li> <li>The medical field is another area that offers huge potential for cooperation. India is ready to extend cooperation by setting up civil hospitals/clinics in Central Asia.</li> <li>India’s higher education system delivers at a fraction of the fees charged by Western universities. Keeping this in mind, India would like to assist in the setting up of a Central Asian University in Bishkek that could come up as a centre of excellence to impart world class education in areas like <a href="/wiki/Information_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Information Technology">Information Technology</a>, management, philosophy and languages.</li> <li>India is working on setting up a Central Asian e-network with its hub in India, to deliver, tele-education and tele-medicine connectivity, linking all the five Central Asian States.</li> <li>Indian companies can showcase its capability in the construction sector and build world class structures at competitive rates. Central Asian countries, especially Kazakhstan, have almost limitless reserves of iron ore and coal, as well as abundant cheap electricity. India can help set up several medium size steel rolling mills, producing its requirement of specific products.</li> <li>As for land connectivity, India has reactivated the <a href="/wiki/International_North-South_Transport_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="International North-South Transport Corridor">International North-South Transport Corridor</a> (INSTC). India & Central Asian nations need to join our efforts to discuss ways to bridge the missing links in the Corridor at the earliest and also work on other connecting spurs along the route.</li> <li>Absence of a viable banking infrastructure in the region is a major barrier to trade and investment. Indian banks can expand their presence if they see a favourable policy environment.</li> <li>India will jointly work to improve air connectivity between our countries. India is one of the biggest markets for outbound travelers estimated at USD 21 billion in 2011. Many countries have opened tourist offices in India to woo Indian tourists. Central Asian countries could emerge as attractive holiday destinations for tourists and even for the Indian film industry which likes to depict exotic foreign locales in its films.</li> <li>Connections between our peoples are the most vital linkages to sustain our deep engagement. I would particularly like to emphasise exchanges between youth and the future leaders of India and Central Asia. India already has a robust exchange of students. India will encourage regular exchanges of scholars, academics, civil society and youth delegations to gain deeper insights into each other’s cultures.</li></ol> </blockquote> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014–present"><span id="2014.E2.80.93present"></span>2014–present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Connect_Central_Asia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 2014–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of high-level visits have taken place involving heads of states, Presidents and Prime Ministers, foreign, defence and home ministers, in the respective central Asian countries as well as in India.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Multilateral dialogues such as the "Central Asia Dialogue" have been conducted.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most recent and third edition was conducted between 18 and 21 December 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Connect_Central_Asia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan%E2%80%93Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan%E2%80%93India_Pipeline" title="Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India Pipeline">Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India (TAPI) Pipeline</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Connect_Central_Asia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMenonRajiv2019" class="citation web cs1">Menon, Rhea; Rajiv, Sharanya (1 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carnegieindia.org/2019/12/01/realizing-india-s-strategic-interests-in-central-asia-pub-80576">"Realizing India's Strategic Interests in Central Asia"</a>. <i>Carnegie India</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carnegie+India&rft.atitle=Realizing+India%27s+Strategic+Interests+in+Central+Asia&rft.date=2019-12-01&rft.aulast=Menon&rft.aufirst=Rhea&rft.au=Rajiv%2C+Sharanya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieindia.org%2F2019%2F12%2F01%2Frealizing-india-s-strategic-interests-in-central-asia-pub-80576&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnect+Central+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJha2016" class="citation web cs1">Jha, Martand (2 December 2016). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2016/12/indias-connect-central-asia-policy-2/">"India's Connect Central Asia Policy"</a></span>. <i>The Diplomat</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Diplomat&rft.atitle=India%27s+Connect+Central+Asia+Policy&rft.date=2016-12-02&rft.aulast=Jha&rft.aufirst=Martand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2016%2F12%2Findias-connect-central-asia-policy-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnect+Central+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mea.gov.in/Speeches-Statements.htm?dtl/19791/">"Keynote address by MOS Shri E. Ahamed at First India-Central Asia Dialogue"</a>. Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. 12 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ORF&rft.atitle=Continuity+in+India%27s+ties+with+Central+Asia&rft.date=2021-02-09&rft.aulast=Bansal&rft.aufirst=Aarti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orfonline.org%2Fexpert-speak%2Fcontinuity-india-ties-central-asia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnect+Central+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSabarwal2021" class="citation web cs1">Sabarwal, Harshit (2021-12-18). Chaturvedi, Amit (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-to-host-central-asia-dialogue-from-today-focus-to-be-on-afghanistan-101639789735412.html">"India to host Central Asia Dialogue from today, focus to be on Afghanistan"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=India+to+host+Central+Asia+Dialogue+from+today%2C+focus+to+be+on+Afghanistan&rft.date=2021-12-18&rft.aulast=Sabarwal&rft.aufirst=Harshit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Findia-to-host-central-asia-dialogue-from-today-focus-to-be-on-afghanistan-101639789735412.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnect+Central+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/33148/Joint+Statement+of+the+2nd+meeting+of+the+IndiaCentral+Asia+Dialogue">"Joint Statement of the 2nd meeting of the India-Central Asia Dialogue"</a>. Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. 28 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joint+Statement+of+the+2nd+meeting+of+the+India-Central+Asia+Dialogue&rft.pub=Ministry+of+External+Affairs%2C+Government+of+India.&rft.date=2020-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mea.gov.in%2Fbilateral-documents.htm%3Fdtl%2F33148%2FJoint%2BStatement%2Bof%2Bthe%2B2nd%2Bmeeting%2Bof%2Bthe%2BIndiaCentral%2BAsia%2BDialogue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnect+Central+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Connect_Central_Asia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkash2006" class="citation cs2">Parkash, Manmohan (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/172526/connecting-central-asia-roadmap.pdf"><i>Connecting Central Asia. A Road Map for Regional Cooperation.</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Philippines: Asian Development Bank</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Connecting+Central+Asia.+A+Road+Map+for+Regional+Cooperation.&rft.place=Philippines&rft.pub=Asian+Development+Bank&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Parkash&rft.aufirst=Manmohan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adb.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublication%2F172526%2Fconnecting-central-asia-roadmap.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnect+Central+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuzalevsky2012" class="citation web cs1">Muzalevsky, Roman (27 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jamestown.org/program/indias-connect-central-asia-policy-seeks-to-compensate-for-lost-time/">"India's 'Connect Central Asia' Policy Seeks to Compensate for Lost Time"</a>. Eurasia Daily Monitor (9:176)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-19</span></span> – via Jamestown.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India%27s+%27Connect+Central+Asia%27+Policy+Seeks+to+Compensate+for+Lost+Time&rft.pub=Eurasia+Daily+Monitor+%289%3A176%29&rft.date=2012-09-27&rft.aulast=Muzalevsky&rft.aufirst=Roman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjamestown.org%2Fprogram%2Findias-connect-central-asia-policy-seeks-to-compensate-for-lost-time%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnect+Central+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy2013" class="citation journal cs1">Roy, Meena Singh (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/45341897">"India's 'Connect Central Asia' Policy: Building Cooperative Partnership"</a>. <i>Indian Foreign Affairs Journal</i>. <b>8</b> (3): 301–316. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0973-3248">0973-3248</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/45341897">45341897</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Foreign+Affairs+Journal&rft.atitle=India%27s+%27Connect+Central+Asia%27+Policy%3A+Building+Cooperative+Partnership&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=301-316&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F45341897%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0973-3248&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Meena+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F45341897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnect+Central+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoshi2013" class="citation web cs1">Joshi, Nirmala (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usiofindia.org/publication/cs3-strategic-perspectives/indias-connect-central-asia-policy/">"India's Connect Central Asia Policy"</a>. Strategic Perspectives. <a href="/wiki/United_Service_Institution" title="United Service Institution">United Service Institution</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India%27s+Connect+Central+Asia+Policy&rft.pub=Strategic+Perspectives.+United+Service+Institution&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Joshi&rft.aufirst=Nirmala&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusiofindia.org%2Fpublication%2Fcs3-strategic-perspectives%2Findias-connect-central-asia-policy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnect+Central+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoshi2010" class="citation cs2">Joshi, Nirmala, ed. (2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.silkroadstudies.org/resources/pdf/Monographs/2010_03_MONO_Joshi_India-Central-Asia.pdf"><i>Reconnecting India and Central Asia Emerging Security and Economic Dimensions</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia-Caucasus_Institute" title="Central Asia-Caucasus Institute">Central Asia-Caucasus Institute</a> and Silk Road Studies Program – A Joint Transatlantic Research and Policy Center. <a href="/wiki/Paul_H._Nitze_School_of_Advanced_International_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies">Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies</a>. <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reconnecting+India+and+Central+Asia+Emerging+Security+and+Economic+Dimensions&rft.pub=Central+Asia-Caucasus+Institute+and+Silk+Road+Studies+Program+%E2%80%93+A+Joint+Transatlantic+Research+and+Policy+Center.+Paul+H.+Nitze+School+of+Advanced+International+Studies.+Johns+Hopkins+University&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.silkroadstudies.org%2Fresources%2Fpdf%2FMonographs%2F2010_03_MONO_Joshi_India-Central-Asia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnect+Central+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Algeria–India relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Angola–India relations">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Benin–India relations">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Botswana–India relations">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Burkina Faso–India relations">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Burundi–India relations">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Cameroon–India relations">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Central African Republic–India relations">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Chad–India relations">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Comoros–India relations">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93India_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of the Congo–India relations">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo–India relations">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Djibouti–India relations">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Egypt–India relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Eritrea–India relations">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Eswatini–India relations">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Ethiopia–India relations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Equatorial Guinea–India relations">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Gabon–India relations">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambia%E2%80%93India_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambia–India relations">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Ghana–India relations">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Guinea–India relations">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Guinea-Bissau–India relations">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Ivory_Coast_relations" title="India–Ivory Coast relations">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="India–Kenya relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Lesotho_relations" title="India–Lesotho relations">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Liberia_relations" title="India–Liberia relations">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="India–Libya relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Madagascar_relations" title="India–Madagascar relations">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Malawi_relations" title="India–Malawi relations">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Mali_relations" title="India–Mali relations">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Mauritania_relations" title="India–Mauritania relations">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Mauritius_relations" title="India–Mauritius relations">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="India–Morocco relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Mozambique_relations" title="India–Mozambique relations">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Namibia_relations" title="India–Namibia relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Niger_relations" title="India–Niger relations">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Nigeria_relations" title="India–Nigeria relations">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Rwanda_relations" title="India–Rwanda relations">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_relations" title="India–São Tomé and Príncipe relations">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Senegal_relations" title="India–Senegal relations">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Seychelles_relations" title="India–Seychelles relations">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Sierra_Leone_relations" title="India–Sierra Leone relations">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Somalia_relations" title="India–Somalia relations">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="India–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93South_Sudan_relations" title="India–South Sudan relations">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Sudan_relations" title="India–Sudan relations">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Tanzania_relations" title="India–Tanzania relations">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Togo_relations" title="India–Togo relations">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Tunisia_relations" title="India–Tunisia relations">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Uganda_relations" title="India–Uganda relations">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Zambia_relations" title="India–Zambia relations">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Zimbabwe_relations" title="India–Zimbabwe relations">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Antigua and Barbuda–India relations">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Argentina–India relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamas%E2%80%93India_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas–India relations">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Barbados–India relations">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Belize–India relations">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Bolivia–India relations">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Brazil–India relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Canada–India relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Cayman Islands–India relations">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Chile–India relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Colombia–India relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Costa Rica–India relations">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Cuba–India relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Dominica–India relations">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Dominican Republic–India relations">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Ecuador–India relations">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador%E2%80%93India_relations" title="El Salvador–India relations">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Grenada–India relations">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Guatemala–India relations">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Guyana–India relations">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Haiti–India relations">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Honduras–India relations">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Jamaica_relations" title="India–Jamaica relations">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Mexico_relations" title="India–Mexico relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Nicaragua_relations" title="India–Nicaragua relations">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Panama_relations" title="India–Panama relations">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Paraguay_relations" title="India–Paraguay relations">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="India–Peru relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_relations" title="India–Saint Kitts and Nevis relations">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Saint_Lucia_relations" title="India–Saint Lucia relations">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_relations" title="India–Saint Vincent and the Grenadines relations">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Suriname_relations" title="India–Suriname relations">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Trinidad_and_Tobago_relations" title="India–Trinidad and Tobago relations">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="India–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="India–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="India–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Afghanistan–India relations">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Armenia–India relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Azerbaijan–India relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Bahrain–India relations">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Bangladesh–India relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Bhutan–India relations">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Brunei–India relations">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Cambodia–India relations">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93India_relations" title="China–India relations">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Hong Kong–India relations">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Tibet_relations" title="India–Tibet relations">Tibet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor%E2%80%93India_relations" title="East Timor–India relations">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Georgia–India relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Indonesia_relations" title="India–Indonesia relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="India–Iran relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Iraq_relations" title="India–Iraq relations">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="India–Israel relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="India–Japan relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Jordan_relations" title="India–Jordan relations">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Kazakhstan_relations" title="India–Kazakhstan relations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Kuwait_relations" title="India–Kuwait relations">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Kyrgyzstan_relations" title="India–Kyrgyzstan relations">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Laos_relations" title="India–Laos relations">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="India–Lebanon relations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Malaysia_relations" title="India–Malaysia relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Maldives_relations" title="India–Maldives relations">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Mongolia_relations" title="India–Mongolia relations">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Myanmar_relations" title="India–Myanmar relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Nepal_relations" title="India–Nepal relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93North_Korea_relations" title="India–North Korea relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Oman_relations" title="India–Oman relations">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="India–Pakistan relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="India–Palestine relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="India–Philippines relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="India–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="India–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Singapore_relations" title="India–Singapore relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="India–South Korea relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Sri_Lanka_relations" title="India–Sri Lanka relations">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="India–Syria relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="India–Taiwan relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Tajikistan_relations" title="India–Tajikistan relations">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="India–Thailand relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="India–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Turkmenistan_relations" title="India–Turkmenistan relations">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="India–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Uzbekistan_relations" title="India–Uzbekistan relations">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="India–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Yemen_relations" title="India–Yemen relations">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Albania–India relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Austria–India relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Belarus–India relations">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Belgium–India relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Bulgaria–India relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina–India relations">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Croatia–India relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Cyprus–India relations">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Czech Republic–India relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Denmark–India relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Estonia–India relations">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Finland–India relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93India_relations" title="France–India relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Georgia–India relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Germany–India relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Greece–India relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Hungary–India relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Holy See–India relations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Iceland–India relations">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Ireland_relations" title="India–Ireland relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Italy_relations" title="India–Italy relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Kosovo_relations" title="India–Kosovo relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Latvia_relations" title="India–Latvia relations">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Liechtenstein_relations" title="India–Liechtenstein relations">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Lithuania_relations" title="India–Lithuania relations">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Luxembourg_relations" title="India–Luxembourg relations">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Malta_relations" title="India–Malta relations">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Moldova_relations" title="India–Moldova relations">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Monaco_relations" title="India–Monaco relations">Monaco</a></li> <li>Montenegro</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="India–Netherlands relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93North_Macedonia_relations" title="India–North Macedonia relations">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Norway_relations" title="India–Norway relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="India–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Portugal_relations" title="India–Portugal relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="India–Romania relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="India–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="India–Serbia relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Slovakia_relations" title="India–Slovakia relations">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Slovenia_relations" title="India–Slovenia relations">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="India–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="India–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="India–Switzerland relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="India–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="India–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Australia–India relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Fiji–India relations">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Kiribati_relations" title="India–Kiribati relations">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Marshall_Islands_relations" title="India–Marshall Islands relations">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Federated_States_of_Micronesia_relations" title="India–Federated States of Micronesia relations">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Nauru_relations" title="India–Nauru relations">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93New_Zealand_relations" title="India–New Zealand relations">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Cook Islands–India relations">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Niue_relations" title="India–Niue relations">Niue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Palau_relations" title="India–Palau relations">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Papua_New_Guinea_relations" title="India–Papua New Guinea relations">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Samoa_relations" title="India–Samoa relations">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Solomon_Islands_relations" title="India–Solomon Islands relations">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Tonga_relations" title="India–Tonga relations">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Tuvalu_relations" title="India–Tuvalu relations">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India-Pacific_Islands_Relations#Vanuatu" class="mw-redirect" title="India-Pacific Islands Relations">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="India–Soviet Union relations">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="India–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Multilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Multilateral relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2%2B2_Ministerial_Dialogue" title="2+2 Ministerial Dialogue">2+2 Ministerial Dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_East_policy_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Look East policy (India)">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africa%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Africa–India relations">Africa</a> (<a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Africa_Forum_Summit" title="India–Africa Forum Summit">Summit</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BASIC_countries" title="BASIC countries">BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">BIMSTEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBIN" title="BBIN">BBIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/4th_BRICS_summit" title="4th BRICS summit">4th</a>, <a href="/wiki/8th_BRICS_summit" title="8th BRICS summit">8th</a>, <a href="/wiki/13th_BRICS_summit" title="13th BRICS summit">13th summit</a>)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Central Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="India–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G4_nations" title="G4 nations">G4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_77" title="Group of 77">G77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I2U2_Group" title="I2U2 Group">I2U2 Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBSA_Dialogue_Forum" title="IBSA Dialogue Forum">IBSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Naval_Symposium" title="Indian Ocean Naval Symposium">Indian Ocean Naval Symposium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Rim_Association" title="Indian Ocean Rim Association">Indian Ocean Rim Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Pacific_Islands_relations" title="India–Pacific Islands relations">India–Pacific Islands relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_India%E2%80%93Pacific_Islands_Cooperation" title="Forum for India–Pacific Islands Cooperation">Forum for India–Pacific Islands Cooperation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Latin_America_relations" title="India–Latin America relations">India–Latin America relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Solar_Alliance" title="International Solar Alliance">International Solar Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekong%E2%80%93Ganga_Cooperation" title="Mekong–Ganga Cooperation">Mekong–Ganga Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="India and the Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/7th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="7th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">7th Summit</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrilateral_Security_Dialogue" title="Quadrilateral Security Dialogue">Quadrilateral Security Dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_sanctions" title="India sanctions">Sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">SAARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_the_United_Nations" title="India and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Diplomacy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indian_foreign_relations" title="History of Indian foreign relations">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">Ministry of External Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary_(India)" title="Foreign Secretary (India)">Foreign Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li>Diplomatic missions <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_India" title="List of diplomatic missions of India">of India</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_India" title="List of diplomatic missions in India">in India</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Chennai" title="List of diplomatic missions in Chennai">in Chennai</a>)</li> <li>Ambassadors and High Commissioners <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_and_high_commissioners_of_India" title="List of ambassadors and high commissioners of India">of India</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_and_high_commissioners_to_India" title="List of ambassadors and high commissioners to India">to India</a></li> <li>Foreign aid <a href="/wiki/Indian_foreign_aid" title="Indian foreign aid">by India</a> / <a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_India" title="Foreign aid to India">to India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora" title="Indian diaspora">Indian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Citizenship_of_India" title="Overseas Citizenship of India">Overseas citizens</a></li> <li>Foreign policy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation_Programme" title="Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme">ITEC programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_East_policy_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Look East policy (India)">Look East policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_e-Network_project" title="Pan-African e-Network project">Pan-African e-Network project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Indira_Gandhi_government" title="Foreign policy of the Indira Gandhi government">Indira Gandhi government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Narendra_Modi_government" title="Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government">Narendra Modi government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_foreign_policy_of_the_Narendra_Modi_government" title="Asian foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government">Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_foreign_policy_of_the_Narendra_Modi_government" title="Middle Eastern foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_foreign_policy_of_the_Narendra_Modi_government" title="South Asian foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government">South Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_East_policy_(India)#Act_East_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Look East policy (India)">Act East</a>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siachen_conflict" title="Siachen conflict">Siachen conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">Conflicts with Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_border_dispute" title="Sino-Indian border dispute">Disputes with China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_disputes_of_India_and_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial disputes of India and Nepal">Disputes with Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_visits_to_India" title="List of diplomatic visits to India">State visits to India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of international trips made by prime ministers of India">State visits by prime ministers of India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Indira_Gandhi" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Manmohan_Singh" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Narendra_Modi" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output 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