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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_markets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_markets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Other markets </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_markets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bundles_and_redesigns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bundles_and_redesigns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Bundles and redesigns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bundles_and_redesigns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discontinuation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discontinuation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 Discontinuation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discontinuation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Hardware </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hardware-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Hardware subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Hardware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Configurations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Configurations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Configurations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Configurations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hardware_clones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware_clones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Hardware clones </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hardware_clones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design_flaws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design_flaws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Design flaws </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design_flaws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lockout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lockout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Lockout </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lockout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_specifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_specifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Technical specifications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_specifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accessories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accessories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Accessories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accessories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Controllers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controllers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.1 Controllers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controllers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese_accessories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_accessories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.2 Japanese accessories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_accessories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Famicom_Disk_System" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Famicom_Disk_System"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.2.1 Famicom Disk System </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Famicom_Disk_System-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NES_Test_Station" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NES_Test_Station"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 NES Test Station </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NES_Test_Station-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Games </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Games-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Games subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Game_Pak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Game_Pak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Game Pak </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Game_Pak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third-party_licensing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third-party_licensing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Third-party licensing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third-party_licensing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unlicensed_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unlicensed_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 Unlicensed games </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unlicensed_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Game_rentals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Game_rentals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Game rentals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Game_rentals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Reception </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Emulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Emulation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Re-release" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Re-release"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Re-release </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Re-release-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notes subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transliterations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transliterations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Transliterations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transliterations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Nintendo Entertainment System</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 66 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" > 66 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85" title="نينتندو إنترتينمنت سيستم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نينتندو إنترتينمنت سيستم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/NES" title="NES – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="NES" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88" title="سیستم سرگرمی نینتندو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیستم سرگرمی نینتندو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%A8%EB%B0%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%BB%B4%ED%93%A8%ED%84%B0" title="패밀리컴퓨터 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="패밀리컴퓨터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85" title="نينتيندو انترتينيمنت سيستم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نينتيندو انترتينيمنت سيستم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF" title="ファミリーコンピュータ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ファミリーコンピュータ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/NES" title="NES – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="NES" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8E%DA%98%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AE%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%86" title="سیستمی چێژبەخشی نینتێندۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سیستمی چێژبەخشی نینتێندۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Нинтендо ентертејнмент систем – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нинтендо ентертејнмент систем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1" title="แฟมิคอม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แฟมิคอม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nintendo Entertainment System" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%99%BD%E6%A9%9F" title="紅白機 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="紅白機" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F%E6%9C%BA" title="FC游戏机 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="FC游戏机" data-language-autonym="吴语" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Famicom&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Nintendo Famicom">Nintendo Famicom</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Home video game console</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"NES" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/NES_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="NES (disambiguation)">NES (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Control deck" redirects here. For the type of card deck used in Magic: The Gathering, see <a href="/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_deck_types#Control" title="Magic: The Gathering deck types">Magic: The Gathering deck types § Control</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct vevent"><caption class="infobox-title fn summary">Nintendo Entertainment System / Family Computer</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:NES_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official Nintendo Entertainment System logo"><img alt="Official Nintendo Entertainment System logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/NES_logo.svg/220px-NES_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/NES_logo.svg/330px-NES_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/NES_logo.svg/440px-NES_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="144" data-file-height="56" /></a> <div style="margin-top:5px"><a href="/wiki/File:Family_Computer_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Family Computer logo"><img alt="Family Computer logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Family_Computer_logo.svg/220px-Family_Computer_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Family_Computer_logo.svg/330px-Family_Computer_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Family_Computer_logo.svg/440px-Family_Computer_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1188" data-file-height="216" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="background-color: white; border: #dadada solid 1px; white-space: nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/File:NES-Console-Set.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Nintendo Entertainment System with controller"><img alt="Nintendo Entertainment System with controller" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/NES-Console-Set.png/220px-NES-Console-Set.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/NES-Console-Set.png/330px-NES-Console-Set.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/NES-Console-Set.png/440px-NES-Console-Set.png 2x" data-file-width="5560" data-file-height="3020" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Nintendo-Famicom-Console-Set-FL.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Nintendo Family Computer"><img alt="Nintendo Family Computer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Nintendo-Famicom-Console-Set-FL.png/220px-Nintendo-Famicom-Console-Set-FL.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Nintendo-Famicom-Console-Set-FL.png/330px-Nintendo-Famicom-Console-Set-FL.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Nintendo-Famicom-Console-Set-FL.png/440px-Nintendo-Famicom-Console-Set-FL.png 2x" data-file-width="4830" data-file-height="2580" /></a> </div><div class="infobox-caption">Top: NES Control Deck (with detachable controllers) Bottom: Family Computer ("Famicom") main unit (with hardwired controllers)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Also known as</th><td class="infobox-data">Family Computer/Famicom (Japan) Hyundai Comboy (South Korea) Samurai Electronic TV Game System (India) <a href="/wiki/Dendy_(console)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dendy (console)">Dendy</a> (Post-Soviet countries) Nintendo Entertainment System (PAL A/PAL B/Southeast Asia) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Research_%26_Development_2" title="Nintendo Research & Development 2">Nintendo R&D2</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">Home video game console</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Generation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Third_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Third generation of video game consoles">Third</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Release date</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">JP</a>: July 15, 1983 (1983-07-15)</li><li><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">NA</a>: October 18, 1985<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">EU</a>: September 1, 1986<a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>/<a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">IRE</a>/<a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">ITA</a>/<a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">AU</a>: 1987<a href="#cite_note-3">[b]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">KR</a>: 1989<a href="#cite_note-4">[2]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">BRA</a>/<a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">ZA</a>: 1993<a href="#cite_note-5">[3]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introductory price</th><td class="infobox-data">¥14,800 (equivalent to ¥18,365 in 2019) US$179 (equivalent to $510 in 2023)<a href="#cite_note-US_Price-6">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discontinued</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">NA</a>/<a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">EU</a>/<a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">AU</a>: August 14, 1995 (1995-08-14)<a href="#cite_note-Museum-7">[5]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">JP</a>: September 25, 2003 (September 25, 2003)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Units sold</th><td class="infobox-data">61.91 million<a href="#cite_note-consolidated_sales-8">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System_Game_Pak" title="Nintendo Entertainment System Game Pak">Nintendo Entertainment System Game Pak</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ricoh_2A03" title="Ricoh 2A03">Ricoh 2A03</a> @ 1.79 MHz</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ricoh_2A07" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricoh 2A07">Ricoh 2A07</a> @ 1.66 MHz<a href="#cite_note-9">[c]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Display</th><td class="infobox-data">256 × 240 <a href="/wiki/Pixels" class="mw-redirect" title="Pixels">px</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Graphics</th><td class="infobox-data">PPU (Ricoh 2C02)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sound</th><td class="infobox-data">APU, 5 channels: 2 pulse wave, triangle wave, white noise, DPCM</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Controller input</th><td class="infobox-data">2 controller ports<a href="#cite_note-10">[d]</a> 1 expansion slot</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_video_games" title="List of best-selling video games">Best-selling game</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pack-in_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Pack-in game">Pack-in</a>: <a href="/wiki/Super_Mario_Bros." title="Super Mario Bros.">Super Mario Bros.</a> (approx. 40 million units)<a href="#cite_note-11">[7]</a></li> <li>Stand-alone: <a href="/wiki/Super_Mario_Bros._2" title="Super Mario Bros. 2">Super Mario Bros. 2</a> (approx. 10 million units)<a href="#cite_note-12">[8]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Color_TV-Game" title="Color TV-Game">Color TV-Game</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">Super NES</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Family_Computer_Disk_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Family Computer Disk System">Famicom Disk System</a>, <a href="/wiki/Famicom_3D_System" title="Famicom 3D System">Famicom 3D System</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) is an <a href="/wiki/8-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="8-bit">8-bit</a> <a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">home video game console</a> produced by <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>. It was first released in Japan on July 15, 1983, as the Family Computer (Famicom).<a href="#cite_note-13">[note 1]</a> It was released in US test markets as the redesigned NES in October 1985, and fully launched in the US the following year. The NES was distributed in Europe, Australia, and parts of Asia throughout the 1980s under various names. As a <a href="/wiki/Third_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Third generation of video game consoles">third-generation console</a>, it mainly competed with <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Master_System" title="Master System">Master System</a>. The NES was designed by <a href="/wiki/Masayuki_Uemura" title="Masayuki Uemura">Masayuki Uemura</a>. Nintendo's president, <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Yamauchi" title="Hiroshi Yamauchi">Hiroshi Yamauchi</a>, called for a simple, cheap console that could run <a href="/wiki/Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">arcade games</a> on <a href="/wiki/Game_cartridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Game cartridge">cartridges</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Game_controller" title="Game controller">controller</a> design was reused from Nintendo's portable <a href="/wiki/Game_%26_Watch" title="Game & Watch">Game & Watch</a> hardware. The western model was redesigned to resemble a <a href="/wiki/Video_cassette_recorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Video cassette recorder">video cassette recorder</a>. Nintendo released add-ons such as the <a href="/wiki/NES_Zapper" title="NES Zapper">NES Zapper</a> <a href="/wiki/Light_gun" title="Light gun">light gun</a> for several <a href="/wiki/Light_gun_shooter" class="mw-redirect" title="Light gun shooter">shooting</a> games, and <a href="/wiki/R.O.B." title="R.O.B.">R.O.B</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Toy_robot" class="mw-redirect" title="Toy robot">toy robot</a> accessory. The NES is regarded as one of the most influential consoles. It helped revitalise the <a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_the_United_States" title="Video games in the United States">American gaming industry</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Video_game_crash_of_1983" title="Video game crash of 1983">video game crash of 1983</a>,<a href="#cite_note-15">[e]</a> and pioneered a now-standard <a href="/wiki/Business_model" title="Business model">business model</a> of licensing <a href="/wiki/Video_game_developer" title="Video game developer">third-party developers</a> to produce and distribute games.<a href="#cite_note-16">[10]</a> The NES features several groundbreaking games, including <a href="/wiki/Super_Mario_Bros." title="Super Mario Bros.">Super Mario Bros.</a> (1985), <a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Zelda_(video_game)" title="The Legend of Zelda (video game)">The Legend of Zelda</a> (1986), <a href="/wiki/Metroid_(video_game)" title="Metroid (video game)">Metroid</a> (1986), and <a href="/wiki/Mega_Man_(1987_video_game)" title="Mega Man (1987 video game)">Mega Man</a> (1987) which have become major franchises. The NES dominated Japanese and North American markets, but initially underperformed in Europe where it faced strong competition from the Sega Master System and <a href="/wiki/Microcomputers" class="mw-redirect" title="Microcomputers">microcomputers</a>. With 61.91 million units sold, it is one of <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_game_consoles" title="List of best-selling game consoles">the best-selling consoles</a> of all time. It was succeeded in 1990 by the <a href="/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">Super Nintendo Entertainment System</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="History of the Nintendo Entertainment System">History of the Nintendo Entertainment System</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NES_patented_design.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/NES_patented_design.png/220px-NES_patented_design.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/NES_patented_design.png/330px-NES_patented_design.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/NES_patented_design.png/440px-NES_patented_design.png 2x" data-file-width="2320" data-file-height="3408" /></a><figcaption>Original design for the NES as created by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masayuki_Yukawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masayuki Yukawa (page does not exist)">Masayuki Yukawa</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Video_game_industry" title="Video game industry">video game industry</a> experienced rapid growth and popularity from the late 1970s to the early 1980s, marked by the <a href="/wiki/Golden_age_of_arcade_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden age of arcade games">golden age of arcade games</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Second_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Second generation of video game consoles">second generation of consoles</a>. Games like <a href="/wiki/Space_Invaders" title="Space Invaders">Space Invaders</a> (1978) became a phenomenon across arcades worldwide, while home consoles such as the <a href="/wiki/Atari_2600" title="Atari 2600">Atari 2600</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Intellivision" title="Intellivision">Intellivision</a> gained footholds in the American market. Many companies emerged to capitalise on the growing industry, including the playing card manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESachiko199416-17">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Yamauchi" title="Hiroshi Yamauchi">Hiroshi Yamauchi</a>, who had been Nintendo's president since 1949, realised that breakthroughs in the electronics industry meant that entertainment products could be produced at lower prices. Companies such as <a href="/wiki/Atari" title="Atari">Atari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magnavox" title="Magnavox">Magnavox</a> were already selling gaming devices for use with television sets, to moderate success. Yamauchi negotiated a licence with Magnavox to sell its game console, the <a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey" title="Magnavox Odyssey">Magnavox Odyssey</a>. Since Nintendo's operation was not yet sophisticated enough to design its own hardware, Yamauchi forged an alliance with <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Electric" title="Mitsubishi Electric">Mitsubishi Electric</a> and hired several <a href="/wiki/Sharp_Electronics" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharp Electronics">Sharp Electronics</a> employees to assist in developing the <a href="/wiki/Color_TV-Game_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Color TV-Game 6">Color TV-Game 6</a> in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy199927-18">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESachiko199417-19">[13]</a> This was followed by a more successful sequel, the <a href="/wiki/Color_TV-Game_15" class="mw-redirect" title="Color TV-Game 15">Color TV-Game 15</a>, and the handheld <a href="/wiki/Game_%26_Watch" title="Game & Watch">Game & Watch</a> series.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy199927-28-20">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-history-21">[15]</a> The successes of these machines gave Yamauchi the confidence to expand Nintendo's influence in the fledgling video game industry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy199928-22">[16]</a> In 1978, Yamauchi split Nintendo into separate research and development divisions. He appointed <a href="/wiki/Masayuki_Uemura" title="Masayuki Uemura">Masayuki Uemura</a> as head of <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Research_%26_Development_2" title="Nintendo Research & Development 2">Nintendo Research & Development 2</a>, a division that focused solely on hardware.<a href="#cite_note-23">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-eurogamer-24">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-poly-25">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-kot-26">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-verge-27">[21]</a> Yamauchi, through extensive discussions with Uemura and other engineers, recognised the potential of the developing console beyond gaming. He envisioned a home-computer system disguised as a toy, which could significantly expand Nintendo's reach if it became popular with children. This popularity would drive demand for games, with Nintendo as the sole provider. Indeed, by 1980 several systems had already been released in Japan by both American and Japanese companies. Yamauchi tasked Uemura with developing a system that would be superior to its competitors and difficult to replicate for at least a year. Uemura's main challenge was economic rather than technological; Yamauchi wanted the system to be affordable enough for widespread household adoption, aiming for a price of ¥9,800 (less than $75) compared to existing machines priced at ¥30,000 to ¥50,000 ($200 to $350). The new system had to outperform other systems, both Japanese and American, while being significantly more affordable.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy199928-29-28">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-poly-25">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inception">Inception</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Inception">edit</a>]</div> As development progressed on the new video game system, engineers sought Yamauchi's guidance on its features. They questioned whether to include a <a href="/wiki/Disk_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Disk drive">disk drive</a>, keyboard, data port, as well as the potential for a <a href="/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">modem</a>, expanded memory, and other computer-like capabilities. Yamauchi ultimately instructed Uemura to prioritise simplicity and affordability, omitting these peripherals entirely. <a href="/wiki/Game_cartridges" class="mw-redirect" title="Game cartridges">Game cartridges</a>, which Uemura saw as "less intimidating" to consumers was chosen as the format.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy199931-32-29">[23]</a> The team designed the system to store 2,000 bytes of <a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">random-access memory</a> (RAM), significantly more than Atari's 256 bytes. Larger cartridges also allowed for far more complex games, with thirty-two times the code capacity of Atari cartridges.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy199932-30">[24]</a> The console's hardware was largely based on <a href="/wiki/Arcade_video_game" title="Arcade video game">arcade video games</a>, particularly the hardware for <a href="/wiki/Namco" title="Namco">Namco</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Galaxian" title="Galaxian">Galaxian</a> (1979) and Nintendo's Donkey Kong, with the goal of matching their powerful <a href="/wiki/Sprite_(computer_graphics)" title="Sprite (computer graphics)">sprite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scrolling" title="Scrolling">scrolling</a> capabilities in a home system.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESachiko199416-17">[11]</a> A test model was constructed in October 1982 to verify the functionality of the hardware, and work began on programming tools. Because 65xx CPUs had not been manufactured or sold in Japan by that time, no cross-development software was available and it had to be developed from scratch. Early Famicom games were written on a <a href="/wiki/PC-8000_series" title="PC-8000 series">NEC PC-8001</a> computer. LEDs on a grid were used with a digitizer to design graphics as no such software design tools existed at that time.<a href="#cite_note-DevHistory-31">[25]</a> The codename for the project was "GameCom", but Masayuki Uemura's wife proposed the name "Famicom", arguing that "In Japan, 'pasokon' is used to mean a personal computer, but it is neither a home nor personal computer. Perhaps we could say it is a family computer."<a href="#cite_note-Sharp-33">[f]</a> Meanwhile, Hiroshi Yamauchi decided that the console should use a red and white theme after seeing a billboard for DX Antenna (a Japanese antenna manufacturer) which used those colors.<a href="#cite_note-DevHistory-31">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Development">edit</a>]</div> The Famicom was influenced by the <a href="/wiki/ColecoVision" title="ColecoVision">ColecoVision</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coleco" title="Coleco">Coleco</a>'s competition against the <a href="/wiki/Atari_2600" title="Atari 2600">Atari 2600</a> in the United States;<a href="#cite_note-Nikkei7-34">[27]</a> the ColecoVision's top-seller was a port of Nintendo's Donkey Kong.<a href="#cite_note-Nintendo_life-35">[28]</a> The project's chief manager Takao Sawano brought a ColecoVision home to his family, impressed by its smooth graphics,<a href="#cite_note-36">[29]</a> which contrasts with the flicker and slowdown commonly seen on Atari 2600 games. Uemura said the ColecoVision set the bar for the Famicom. They wanted to surpass it and match the more powerful Donkey Kong arcade hardware; they took a Donkey Kong arcade cabinet to chip manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Ricoh" title="Ricoh">Ricoh</a> for analysis, which led to Ricoh producing the <a href="/wiki/Picture_Processing_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Picture Processing Unit">Picture Processing Unit</a> (PPU) chip for the NES.<a href="#cite_note-Nikkei7-34">[27]</a> Original plans called for the Famicom's cartridges to be the size of a cassette tape, but ultimately they ended up being twice as big. Careful design attention was paid to the cartridge connectors because loose and faulty connections often plagued arcade machines. As it necessitated 60 connection lines for the memory and expansion, Nintendo decided to produce its own connectors.<a href="#cite_note-DevHistory-31">[25]</a> The controllers are hard-wired to the console with no connectors for cost reasons. The controller designs were reused from the <a href="/wiki/Game_%26_Watch" title="Game & Watch">Game & Watch</a> machines, although the Famicom design team originally wanted to use arcade-style joysticks, even dismantling some from American game consoles to see how they worked. There were concerns regarding the durability of the joystick design and that children might step on joysticks on the floor. Katsuya Nakawaka attached a Game & Watch <a href="/wiki/D-pad" title="D-pad">D-pad</a> to the Famicom prototype and found that it was easy to use and caused no discomfort. Ultimately though, they installed a 15-pin expansion port on the front of the console so that an optional arcade-style joystick could be used.<a href="#cite_note-DevHistory-31">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gunpei_Yokoi" title="Gunpei Yokoi">Gunpei Yokoi</a> suggested an eject lever to the cartridge slot which is not necessary, but he believed that children could be entertained by pressing it. Uemura adopted his idea. Uemura added a microphone to the second controller with the idea that it could be used to make players voices sound through the TV speaker.<a href="#cite_note-37">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-DevHistory-31">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_release">Japanese release</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Japanese release">edit</a>]</div> The console was released on July 15, 1983, as the Home Cassette Type Video Game: Family Computer,<a href="#cite_note-38">[note 2]</a> for ¥14,800 (equivalent to ¥18,400 in 2019) with three <a href="/wiki/Porting" title="Porting">ports</a> of Nintendo's successful arcade games <a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_(1981_video_game)" title="Donkey Kong (1981 video game)">Donkey Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_Jr." title="Donkey Kong Jr.">Donkey Kong Jr.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Popeye_(video_game)" title="Popeye (video game)">Popeye</a>. The Famicom was slow to gather success; a bad chip set caused the early revisions to <a href="/wiki/Crash_(computing)" title="Crash (computing)">crash</a>. Following a <a href="/wiki/Product_recall" title="Product recall">product recall</a> and a reissue with a new <a href="/wiki/Motherboard" title="Motherboard">motherboard</a>, the Famicom's popularity soared, becoming the bestselling game console in Japan by the end of 1984 in what came to be called the "Famicom Boom".<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate_History-39">[31]</a>: 279, 285 <a href="#cite_note-New_Yorker-40">[32]</a> Nintendo launched the system with only first-party games, but after being approached by <a href="/wiki/Namco" title="Namco">Namco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Soft" title="Hudson Soft">Hudson Soft</a> in 1984, agreed to produce third-party games for a 30% fee for console licensing and production costs. This rate continued in the industry for consoles and digital storefront into the 21st Century.<a href="#cite_note-41">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_American_release">North American release</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: North American release">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Nintendo_Entertainment_System#North_America" title="History of the Nintendo Entertainment System">History of the Nintendo Entertainment System § North America</a></div> Nintendo targeted the North American market, entering distribution negotiations with <a href="/wiki/Atari,_Inc." title="Atari, Inc.">Atari, Inc.</a> to release a redesigned Famicom with Atari's name as the Nintendo Advanced Video Gaming System. The deal was set to be finalized and signed at the Summer <a href="/wiki/International_CES" class="mw-redirect" title="International CES">Consumer Electronics Show</a> in June 1983. However, Atari discovered at that show that its competitor Coleco was illegally demonstrating its <a href="/wiki/Coleco_Adam" title="Coleco Adam">Coleco Adam</a> computer with Nintendo's Donkey Kong game. This violation of Atari's exclusive license with Nintendo to publish the game for its own computer systems delayed the implementation of Nintendo's game console marketing contract with Atari. Atari's CEO <a href="/wiki/Ray_Kassar" title="Ray Kassar">Ray Kassar</a> was fired the next month, so the deal went nowhere, and Nintendo decided to market its system on its own.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate_History-39">[31]</a>: 283–285 <a href="#cite_note-42">[g]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nintendo_Advanced_Video_System_(retouched).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Nintendo_Advanced_Video_System_%28retouched%29.jpg/220px-Nintendo_Advanced_Video_System_%28retouched%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Nintendo_Advanced_Video_System_%28retouched%29.jpg/330px-Nintendo_Advanced_Video_System_%28retouched%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Nintendo_Advanced_Video_System_%28retouched%29.jpg/440px-Nintendo_Advanced_Video_System_%28retouched%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2344" data-file-height="1122" /></a><figcaption>The proposed Advanced Video System bundle includes cassette drive and wireless accessories.</figcaption></figure> Subsequent plans for the Nintendo Advanced Video System likewise never materialized. It was privately demonstrated as a repackaged Famicom console featuring a keyboard, <a href="/wiki/Compact_Cassette#Data_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact Cassette">cassette data recorder</a>, wireless <a href="/wiki/Joystick" title="Joystick">joystick</a> controller, and a special <a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a> cartridge.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate_History-39">[31]</a>: 287  By the beginning of 1985, more than 2.5 million Famicom units had been sold in Japan, and Nintendo soon announced plans to release it in North America as the Advanced Video Entertainment System (AVS) that year. The American <a href="/wiki/Video_game_journalism" title="Video game journalism">video game press</a> was skeptical that the console could have any success in the region, as the industry was still recovering from the <a href="/wiki/Video_game_crash_of_1983" title="Video game crash of 1983">video game crash of 1983</a>. The March 1985 issue of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Games" title="Electronic Games">Electronic Games</a> magazine stated that "the videogame market in America has virtually disappeared" and that "this could be a miscalculation on Nintendo's part".<a href="#cite_note-43">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[35]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nintendo_FAO_Schwarz_1986.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Nintendo_FAO_Schwarz_1986.jpg/220px-Nintendo_FAO_Schwarz_1986.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Nintendo_FAO_Schwarz_1986.jpg/330px-Nintendo_FAO_Schwarz_1986.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/12/Nintendo_FAO_Schwarz_1986.jpg 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="273" /></a><figcaption>Nintendo's display at a <a href="/wiki/FAO_Schwarz" title="FAO Schwarz">FAO Schwarz</a> in New York City, 1986</figcaption></figure> The Famicom hardware first made its North American debut in the <a href="/wiki/Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">arcades</a>, in the form of the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_VS._System" title="Nintendo VS. System">Nintendo VS. System</a> in 1984. The system's success in arcades paved the way for the official release of the NES console.<a href="#cite_note-Horowitz-45">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-mashable-46">[37]</a> With US retailers refusing to stock game consoles, Yamauchi realized there was still a market for video games in the arcades, so he introduced the Famicom to North America through the arcade industry.<a href="#cite_note-Horowitz-45">[36]</a> The VS. System became a major success in North American arcades,<a href="#cite_note-Horowitz-45">[36]</a> becoming the highest-grossing arcade machine of 1985 in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-47">[38]</a> By the time the NES launched, nearly 100,000 VS. Systems had been sold to American arcades.<a href="#cite_note-48">[39]</a> The success of the VS. System gave Nintendo the confidence to release the Famicom in North America as a video game console, for which there was growing interest due to Nintendo's positive reputation in the arcades. It also gave Nintendo the opportunity to test new games as VS. Paks in the arcades, to determine which games to release for the NES launch.<a href="#cite_note-Horowitz-45">[36]</a> At the 1985 Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Nintendo unveiled the American version of the Famicom: a stripped-down and cost-reduced redesign of the Advanced Video System (AVS), having abandoned the home computer approach. Nintendo purposefully designed the system to avoid resembling a video game console and avoided terms associated with game consoles. Marketing manager <a href="/wiki/Gail_Tilden" title="Gail Tilden">Gail Tilden</a> chose the term "Game Pak" for cartridges, "Control Deck" for the console, and "Entertainment System" for the whole platform. Renamed the "Nintendo Entertainment System" (NES), the new and cost-reduced version lacked most of the upscale features added in the AVS but retained many of its audiophile-inspired design elements, such as the grey colour scheme and boxy form factor. Disappointed with the cosmetically raw prototype part they received from Japan, which they nicknamed "the lunchbox", Nintendo of America designers Lance Barr and Don James added the two-tone gray, the black stripe, and the red lettering. To obscure the video game connotation, the NES replaced the top-loading cartridge slot of the Famicom and AVS with a front-loading chamber for software cartridges that kept the inserted cartridge out of view, reminiscent of a <a href="/wiki/Video_cassette_recorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Video cassette recorder">video cassette recorder</a>. The Famicom's pair of hard-wired controllers and the AVS's wireless controllers were replaced with two custom 7-pin sockets for detachable wired controllers. At June 1985's <a href="/wiki/International_CES" class="mw-redirect" title="International CES">Consumer Electronics Show</a> (CES), Nintendo unveiled the American version of its Famicom, with a new case redesigned by Lance Barr and featuring a "<a href="/wiki/Zero_insertion_force" title="Zero insertion force">zero insertion force</a>" cartridge slot.<a href="#cite_note-barr-interview-49">[40]</a> The change from a top-loader in the Famicom to a front-loader was to make the new console more like a <a href="/wiki/Video_cassette_recorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Video cassette recorder">video cassette recorder</a>, which had grown in popularity by 1985, and differentiate the unit from past video game consoles.<a href="#cite_note-50">[41]</a> Additionally, Uemura explained that Nintendo developers had feared that the console's electronics might face <a href="/wiki/Electrostatic_discharge" title="Electrostatic discharge">electrostatic hazards</a> in dry American states such as <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, and a front-loading design would be safer if children handled the console carelessly.<a href="#cite_note-51">[42]</a> This was deployed as the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). Nintendo seeded these first systems to limited American test markets starting in New York City on October 18, 1985, and followed up in Los Angeles in February 1986; the American nationwide release came on September 27, 1986.<a href="#cite_note-52">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[44]</a> Nintendo released 17 launch games: <a href="/wiki/10-Yard_Fight" title="10-Yard Fight">10-Yard Fight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baseball_(1983_video_game)" title="Baseball (1983 video game)">Baseball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clu_Clu_Land" title="Clu Clu Land">Clu Clu Land</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duck_Hunt" title="Duck Hunt">Duck Hunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Excitebike" title="Excitebike">Excitebike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golf_(1984_video_game)" title="Golf (1984 video game)">Golf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gyromite" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyromite">Gyromite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hogan%27s_Alley_(video_game)" title="Hogan's Alley (video game)">Hogan's Alley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ice_Climber" title="Ice Climber">Ice Climber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kung-Fu_Master_(video_game)" title="Kung-Fu Master (video game)">Kung Fu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinball_(1984_video_game)" title="Pinball (1984 video game)">Pinball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soccer_(1985_video_game)" title="Soccer (1985 video game)">Soccer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stack-Up" class="mw-redirect" title="Stack-Up">Stack-Up</a>, <a href="/wiki/Super_Mario_Bros." title="Super Mario Bros.">Super Mario Bros.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennis_(1984_video_game)" title="Tennis (1984 video game)">Tennis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wild_Gunman" title="Wild Gunman">Wild Gunman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wrecking_Crew_(video_game)" title="Wrecking Crew (video game)">Wrecking Crew</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nintendo_Launching_NES-54">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dayton,_David_2010-55">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[h]</a> Nintendo contracted <a href="/wiki/Worlds_of_Wonder_(toy_company)" title="Worlds of Wonder (toy company)">Worlds of Wonder</a> to distribute the console physically. WoW salesman Jim Whims distinctly recalled delivering an ultimatum: "if you want to sell <a href="/wiki/Teddy_Ruxpin" title="Teddy Ruxpin">Teddy Ruxpin</a> and you want to sell <a href="/wiki/Lazer_Tag" title="Lazer Tag">Lazer Tag</a>, you're gonna sell Nintendo as well. And if you feel that strongly about it, then you ought to just resign the line now." This marketing tactic led to the NES' financial success in North America in its first year; Nintendo of America would later terminate the contract and hired the company's sales staff (whom Atari offered them in 1983), while taking on physical distribution of the console itself.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate_History-39">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[47]</a> The system's launch represented not only a new product, but also a reframing of the severely damaged home video game market in North America. The 1983 video game crash had occurred in large part due to a lack of consumer and retailer confidence in video games, which had been partially due to confusion and misrepresentation in video game marketing. Prior to the NES, the packaging of many video games presented bombastic artwork which did not represent a game's actual graphics. Furthermore, a single game such as <a href="/wiki/Pac-Man" title="Pac-Man">Pac-Man</a> appeared across consoles with substantial variations in graphics, sound, and general quality. In contrast, Nintendo's marketing strategy aimed to regain consumer and retailer confidence by delivering a singular platform whose graphics could be represented truthfully and whose qualities were clearly defined.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] To differentiate Nintendo's new home platform from the perception of a troubled and shallow video game market still reeling from the 1983 crash, the company freshened its product nomenclature and established a strict product approval and licensing policy. The overall platform is referred to as "Entertainment System" instead of a "video game system", is centered upon a machine called a "Control Deck" instead of a "console", and features software cartridges called "<a href="/wiki/Game_Pak" title="Game Pak">Game Paks</a>" instead of "video games". This allowed Nintendo to gain more traction in selling the system in toy stores.<a href="#cite_note-58">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[49]</a> To deter production of games which had not been licensed by Nintendo, and to prevent copying, the <a href="/wiki/10NES" class="mw-redirect" title="10NES">10NES</a> <a href="/wiki/Lockout_chip" title="Lockout chip">lockout chip</a> system acts as a lock-and-key coupling of each Game Pak and Control Deck. The packaging of the launch lineup of NES games bear pictures of close representations of actual onscreen graphics. To reduce consumer confusion, symbols on the games' packaging clearly indicate the genre of the game. A seal of quality is on all licensed game and accessory packaging. The initial seal states, "This seal is your assurance that Nintendo has approved and guaranteed the quality of this product". This text was later changed to "<a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Seal_of_Quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Nintendo Seal of Quality">Official Nintendo Seal of Quality</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Ars_Technica_–_Retrospective-60">[50]</a> Unlike with the Famicom, Nintendo of America marketed the console primarily to children, instituting a strict policy of censoring profanity, sexual, religious, or political content. The most famous example is <a href="/wiki/Lucasfilm_Games" title="Lucasfilm Games">Lucasfilm Games</a>'s attempts to port the comedy-horror game <a href="/wiki/Maniac_Mansion" title="Maniac Mansion">Maniac Mansion</a> to the NES, which Nintendo insisted be considerably watered down. The optional Robotic Operating Buddy, or <a href="/wiki/R.O.B." title="R.O.B.">R.O.B.</a>, was part of a marketing plan to portray the NES's technology as being novel and sophisticated when compared to previous game consoles, and to portray its position as being within reach of the better established toy market. Though at first, the American public exhibited limited excitement for the console itself, peripherals such as the <a href="/wiki/Light_gun" title="Light gun">light gun</a> and R.O.B. attracted extensive attention.<a href="#cite_note-Boyer-61">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_markets">Other markets</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other markets">edit</a>]</div> In Europe and Oceania, the NES was released in two separate marketing regions. The first consisted of mainland Europe (excluding Italy) where distribution was handled by several different companies, with Nintendo responsible for manufacturing. The NES saw an early launch in Europe in 1986 although most of the European countries received the console in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-62">[52]</a> The release in Scandinavia was on September 1, 1986, where it was released by <a href="/wiki/Bergsala" title="Bergsala">Bergsala</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[54]</a> In the Netherlands, it was released in the last quarter of 1987 and was distributed by <a href="/wiki/Bandai" title="Bandai">Bandai</a> BV.<a href="#cite_note-65">[55]</a> In France, it was released in October 1987,<a href="#cite_note-hist_3_133-66">[56]</a> and in Spain most likely in 1988 through distributor Spaco.<a href="#cite_note-67">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-NES_retrospective_–_HobbyConsolas-68">[58]</a> Also in 1987, <a href="/wiki/Mattel" title="Mattel">Mattel</a> handled distribution for the second region, consisting of the United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy, Australia and New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999413-69">[59]</a> In other European countries, distribution was taken over by smaller companies like Bienengräber in Germany, ASD in France, Concentra in Portugal,<a href="#cite_note-70">[60]</a> Itochu in Greece and Cyprus,<a href="#cite_note-71">[61]</a> Stadlbauer in Austria, Switzerland and the former <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[63]</a> In November 1994, Nintendo signed an agreement with Steepler to permit the continued sale of the <a href="/wiki/Dendy_(console)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dendy (console)">Dendy</a>, an unauthorized hardware clone of the Famicom, in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> in exchange for also distributing the <a href="/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">Super Nintendo Entertainment System</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[65]</a> Nintendo anticipated the NES would have a 25 per cent share in these countries, and saw particular potential in the United Kingdom. It sold modestly in Europe, however.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999413-414-76">[66]</a> In Brazil, the console was released late in 1993 by <a href="/wiki/Playtronic" title="Playtronic">Playtronic</a>, even after the SNES. But the Brazilian market had been dominated by unlicensed NES clones – both locally made, and smuggled from Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-techtudo-77">[67]</a> One of the most successful local clones was the Phantom System, manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Gradiente" class="mw-redirect" title="Gradiente">Gradiente</a>, which licensed Nintendo products in the country for the following decade.<a href="#cite_note-nintendopedia-78">[68]</a> The sales of officially licensed products were low, due to the cloning, the quite late official launch, and the high prices of Nintendo's licensed products.<a href="#cite_note-nearchive-79">[69]</a> Outside of Japan, regions in greater Asia received an "Asian Version" of the front-loader NES though imported Famicom systems were prevalent.<a href="#cite_note-siliconera-80">[70]</a> Due to <a href="/wiki/Import_restriction" class="mw-redirect" title="Import restriction">import restrictions</a>, NES consoles in India and South Korea were rebranded and distributed by local licensees.<a href="#cite_note-alwani-81">[71]</a> The Indian version is called the Samurai Electronic TV Game System<a href="#cite_note-82">[72]</a> and the Korean version is called the Hyundai Comboy.<a href="#cite_note-83">[i]</a><a href="#cite_note-siliconera-80">[70]</a> The console sold very poorly in India due to affordability and a lack of consumer awareness.<a href="#cite_note-alwani-81">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bundles_and_redesigns">Bundles and redesigns </h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bundles and redesigns">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NES-Console-Set.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/NES-Console-Set.jpg/220px-NES-Console-Set.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/NES-Console-Set.jpg/330px-NES-Console-Set.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/NES-Console-Set.jpg/440px-NES-Console-Set.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5560" data-file-height="3020" /></a><figcaption>The Nintendo Entertainment System's Control Deck</figcaption></figure> For its complete North American release, the Nintendo Entertainment System was progressively released over the ensuing years in several different bundles, beginning with the Deluxe Set, the Basic Set, the Action Set, and the Power Set. The Deluxe Set was launched in the 1985 test markets, retailing at US$179.99 (equivalent to $550 in 2023),<a href="#cite_note-US_Price-6">[4]</a> including R.O.B., a <a href="/wiki/Light_gun" title="Light gun">light gun</a> called the <a href="/wiki/NES_Zapper" title="NES Zapper">NES Zapper</a>, two controllers, and the two Game Paks Gyromite and Duck Hunt. The Control Deck bundle was first released in 1987 at $89.99 with no game, and $99.99 bundled with the Super Mario Bros. cartridge. The Action Set, released April 14, 1988, for $109.99, has the Control Deck, two controllers, an NES Zapper, and a dual Game Pak containing both <a href="/wiki/Super_Mario_Bros." title="Super Mario Bros.">Super Mario Bros.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duck_Hunt" title="Duck Hunt">Duck Hunt</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Power Set of 1989 includes the console, two game controllers, an NES Zapper, a Power Pad, and a triple Game Pak containing Super Mario Bros, Duck Hunt, and <a href="/wiki/World_Class_Track_Meet#Other_releases" class="mw-redirect" title="World Class Track Meet">World Class Track Meet</a>. In 1990, a Sports Set bundle was released, including the console, an <a href="/wiki/NES_Satellite" title="NES Satellite">NES Satellite</a> infrared wireless <a href="/wiki/Multitap" title="Multitap">multitap</a> adapter, four game controllers, and a dual Game Pak containing <a href="/wiki/U.S._Championship_V%27Ball" title="U.S. Championship V'Ball">Super Spike V'Ball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_World_Cup" title="Nintendo World Cup">Nintendo World Cup</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Picking-84">[73]</a> Two more bundle packages were later released with the original model NES console. In 1992, the Challenge Set was released for $89.99 with the console, two controllers, and a <a href="/wiki/Super_Mario_Bros._3" title="Super Mario Bros. 3">Super Mario Bros. 3</a> Game Pak. The Basic Set retailed at US$89.99; it included only the console and two controllers, and no pack-in game.<a href="#cite_note-Picking-84">[73]</a> Instead, it contained a book called the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Player%27s_Guide" title="Nintendo Player's Guide">Official Nintendo Player's Guide</a>, which contained detailed information for every NES game made up to that point. Finally, the console was redesigned for the Australian, North American, and Japanese markets, including the <a href="/wiki/New-Style_NES" class="mw-redirect" title="New-Style NES">New-Style NES</a>, or NES-101, and one redesigned "dogbone" game controller. In Australia, this console revision was released with a cartridge compiling Super Mario Bros, Tetris, and Nintendo World Cup. Released in October 1993 in North America and 1994 in Australia, this final bundle retailed for $49.99 and A$69.99 (A$79.99 with the pack-in game) respectively, and was discontinued with the NES in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-Museum-7">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discontinuation">Discontinuation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Discontinuation">edit</a>]</div> On August 14, 1995, Nintendo discontinued the Nintendo Entertainment System in both North America and Europe.<a href="#cite_note-Ars_Technica_–_Retrospective-60">[50]</a> In North America, replacements for the original front-loading NES were available for $25 in exchange for a broken system until at least December 1996, under Nintendo's Power Swap program. The <a href="/wiki/Game_Boy" title="Game Boy">Game Boy</a> and Super NES were covered for $25 and $35 respectively.<a href="#cite_note-85">[74]</a> On May 30, 2003, Nintendo announced the discontinuation of the Famicom in September alongside the Super Famicom and the disk rewriting services for the <a href="/wiki/Famicom_Disk_System" title="Famicom Disk System">Famicom Disk System</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[75]</a> The last Famicom, serial number HN11033309, was manufactured on September 25;<a href="#cite_note-famicom-87">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[77]</a> it was kept by Nintendo and subsequently loaned to the organizers of Level X, a video game exhibition held from December 4, 2003, to February 8, 2004, at the <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Photography" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography">Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography</a>, for a Famicom retrospective in commemoration of the console's 20th anniversary.<a href="#cite_note-89">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[79]</a> Nintendo offered repair service for the Famicom in Japan until 2007, when it was discontinued due to a shortage of available parts.<a href="#cite_note-Ars_Technica_–_Retrospective-60">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hardware">Hardware</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hardware">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Configurations">Configurations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Configurations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System_models" title="Nintendo Entertainment System models">Nintendo Entertainment System models</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:247px;max-width:247px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:132px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:NES-101-Console-Set.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/NES-101-Console-Set.jpg/245px-NES-101-Console-Set.jpg" decoding="async" width="245" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/NES-101-Console-Set.jpg/368px-NES-101-Console-Set.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/NES-101-Console-Set.jpg/490px-NES-101-Console-Set.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3920" data-file-height="2120" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">New-Style NES</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:141px;max-width:141px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:132px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Sharp_C1_NES_TV_14C-C1F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sharp_C1_NES_TV_14C-C1F.jpg/139px-Sharp_C1_NES_TV_14C-C1F.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sharp_C1_NES_TV_14C-C1F.jpg/209px-Sharp_C1_NES_TV_14C-C1F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sharp_C1_NES_TV_14C-C1F.jpg/278px-Sharp_C1_NES_TV_14C-C1F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2007" data-file-height="1917" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Sharp C1 Famicom TV (14-inch)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:226px;max-width:226px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:119px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Sharp-Twin-Famicom-Console.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Sharp-Twin-Famicom-Console.jpg/224px-Sharp-Twin-Famicom-Console.jpg" decoding="async" width="224" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Sharp-Twin-Famicom-Console.jpg/336px-Sharp-Twin-Famicom-Console.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Sharp-Twin-Famicom-Console.jpg/448px-Sharp-Twin-Famicom-Console.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3940" data-file-height="2100" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Twin Famicom</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:119px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:SHARP_AN510.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/SHARP_AN510.jpg/160px-SHARP_AN510.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/SHARP_AN510.jpg/240px-SHARP_AN510.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/SHARP_AN510.jpg/320px-SHARP_AN510.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Famicom Titler</div></div></div></div></div> Although all versions of the Famicom and NES include essentially similar hardware, they vary in physical characteristics. The original Famicom's design is predominantly white plastic, with dark red trim; it featured a top-loading cartridge slot, grooves on both sides of the deck in which the hardwired game controllers could be placed when not in use, and a 15-<a href="/wiki/Pin" title="Pin">pin</a> expansion port located on the unit's front panel for accessories.<a href="#cite_note-InsideFamicom-91">[80]</a> In contrast, the design of the original NES features a more subdued gray, black, and red color scheme; it includes a front-loading cartridge slot covered by a small, hinged door that can be opened to insert or remove a cartridge and closed at other times, and an expansion port on the bottom of the unit. The cartridge connector <a href="/wiki/Pinout" title="Pinout">pinout</a> was changed between the Famicom and NES.<a href="#cite_note-92">[81]</a> In late 1993, Nintendo introduced a redesigned version of the Famicom and NES (officially named the New Famicom in Japan<a href="#cite_note-93">[82]</a> and the New-Style NES in the US<a href="#cite_note-94">[83]</a>) to complement the Super Famicom and SNES, to prolong interest in the console, and to reduce costs.<a href="#cite_note-95">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-np053-96">[85]</a> The redesigned NES has a top-loading cartridge slot to avoid reliability issues with the original console; the redesign also omitted AV output.<a href="#cite_note-np053-96">[85]</a> Conversely, the redesigned Famicom has such output and introduced detachable game controllers, though the microphone functionality was omitted as a result. The redesigned Famicom and NES models are cosmetically similar aside from the presence of a cartridge "bump" on the NES model, which the Famicom model lacks to accommodate its shorter cartridges and as the RAM Adapter for the Famicom Disk System.<a href="#cite_note-NL_–_AV_Famicom-97">[86]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp Corporation</a> produced three licensed variants of the Famicom in Japan, all of which prominently display the shortened moniker rather than the official name, Family Computer.<a href="#cite_note-Sharp-33">[f]</a> One variant was a television set with an integrated Famicom; originally released in 1983 as the <a href="/wiki/Sharp_Nintendo_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharp Nintendo Television">My Computer TV</a> in 14-inch (36 cm) and 19-inch (48 cm) models,<a href="#cite_note-98">[87]</a> it was later released in the United States in 1989 as a 19-inch model named the Video Game Television.<a href="#cite_note-99">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[89]</a> Another variant is the <a href="/wiki/Twin_Famicom" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin Famicom">Twin Famicom</a> console released in 1986 to combine a Famicom with a <a href="/wiki/Famicom_Disk_System" title="Famicom Disk System">Famicom Disk System</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[90]</a> Sharp then produced the <a href="/wiki/Famicom_Titler" class="mw-redirect" title="Famicom Titler">Famicom Titler</a> in 1989. Intended for video capture and production, it features internal RGB video generation and video output via <a href="/wiki/S-Video" title="S-Video">S-Video</a>, plus inputs for adding <a href="/wiki/Subtitles" title="Subtitles">subtitles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Voice-over" title="Voice-over">voice-overs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hardware_clones">Hardware clones</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Hardware clones">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Famiclone" title="Famiclone">Famiclone</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FC-Twin-Console-Set-H.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/FC-Twin-Console-Set-H.jpg/220px-FC-Twin-Console-Set-H.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/FC-Twin-Console-Set-H.jpg/330px-FC-Twin-Console-Set-H.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/FC-Twin-Console-Set-H.jpg/440px-FC-Twin-Console-Set-H.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5640" data-file-height="2910" /></a><figcaption>Pirated clones of NES hardware remained in production for many years after the original had been discontinued. Some clones play cartridges from multiple systems, such as this FC Twin that plays NES and SNES games.</figcaption></figure> A thriving market of unlicensed NES hardware <a href="/wiki/Clone_(computing)" title="Clone (computing)">clones</a> emerged during the climax of the console's popularity. Initially, such clones were popular in markets where Nintendo issued a legitimate version of the console long time after unlicensed hardware. In particular, the <a href="/wiki/Dendy_(console)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dendy (console)">Dendy</a> (Russian: Де́нди), an unlicensed hardware clone produced in Taiwan and sold in the former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, emerged as the most popular video game console of its time in that setting and it enjoyed a degree of fame roughly equivalent to that experienced by the NES/Famicom in North America and Japan. A range of Famicom clones was marketed in Argentina during the late 1980s and early 1990s with the name Family Game, resembling the original hardware design. Thailand got Family FR brand famiclones, the <a href="/wiki/Micro_Genius" title="Micro Genius">Micro Genius</a> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a>: 小天才) was marketed in Southeast Asia as an alternative to the Famicom; and in Central Europe, especially Poland, the <a href="/wiki/Pegasus_(console)" title="Pegasus (console)">Pegasus</a> was available.<a href="#cite_note-103">[92]</a> Since 1989, there were many Brazilian clones of the NES,<a href="#cite_note-nearchive-79">[69]</a> and the very popular Phantom System (with hardware superior to the original console) caught the attention of Nintendo itself.<a href="#cite_note-nintendopedia-78">[68]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RetroUSB-AVS-Console-wController-FL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/RetroUSB-AVS-Console-wController-FL.jpg/220px-RetroUSB-AVS-Console-wController-FL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/RetroUSB-AVS-Console-wController-FL.jpg/330px-RetroUSB-AVS-Console-wController-FL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/RetroUSB-AVS-Console-wController-FL.jpg/440px-RetroUSB-AVS-Console-wController-FL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4380" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption>The RetroUSB AVS is an <a href="/wiki/Field-programmable_gate_array" title="Field-programmable gate array">FPGA-based</a> hardware clone of the NES that outputs 720p via <a href="/wiki/HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a>.</figcaption></figure> The unlicensed clone market has flourished following Nintendo's discontinuation of the NES. Some of the more exotic of these resulting systems surpass the functionality of the original hardware, such as a portable system with a color LCD (<a href="/wiki/PocketFami" class="mw-redirect" title="PocketFami">PocketFami</a>). Others have been produced for certain specialized markets, such as a rather primitive personal computer with a keyboard and basic word processing software.<a href="#cite_note-104">[93]</a> These unauthorized clones have been helped by the invention of the so-called <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System_hardware_clone" class="mw-redirect" title="Nintendo Entertainment System hardware clone">NES-on-a-chip</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[94]</a> As was the case with unlicensed games, Nintendo has typically gone to the courts to prohibit the manufacture and sale of unlicensed cloned hardware. Many of the clone vendors have included built-in copies of licensed Nintendo software, which constitutes copyright infringement in most countries. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design_flaws">Design flaws</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Design flaws">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nintendo-Entertainment-System-NES-Deconstruction-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Nintendo-Entertainment-System-NES-Deconstruction-03.jpg/220px-Nintendo-Entertainment-System-NES-Deconstruction-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Nintendo-Entertainment-System-NES-Deconstruction-03.jpg/330px-Nintendo-Entertainment-System-NES-Deconstruction-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Nintendo-Entertainment-System-NES-Deconstruction-03.jpg/440px-Nintendo-Entertainment-System-NES-Deconstruction-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4020" data-file-height="2640" /></a><figcaption>The VCR-like loading mechanism of the NES led to problems over time. The design wears connector pins out quickly, and easily become dirty, resulting in difficulties with the NES reading Game Paks.</figcaption></figure> Nintendo's design styling for US release was made deliberately different from that of other game consoles. Nintendo wanted to distinguish its product from those of competitors and to avoid the generally poor reputation that game consoles had acquired following the <a href="/wiki/Video_game_crash_of_1983" title="Video game crash of 1983">video game crash of 1983</a>. One result of this philosophy is to disguise the cartridge slot design as a front-loading <a href="/wiki/Zero_insertion_force" title="Zero insertion force">zero-insertion force</a> (ZIF) cartridge socket, designed to resemble the front-loading mechanism of a <a href="/wiki/Videocassette_recorder" title="Videocassette recorder">VCR</a>. The socket works well when both the connector and the cartridges are clean and the pins on the connector are new. However, the socket is not truly zero-insertion force. When a user inserts the cartridge into the NES, the force of pressing the cartridge into place bends the contact pins slightly and presses the cartridge's ROM board back into the cartridge. Frequent insertion and removal of cartridges wears out the pins, and the ZIF design proved more prone to interference by dirt and dust than an industry-standard card edge connector.<a href="#cite_note-zif-106">[95]</a> The design problems were exacerbated by Nintendo's choice of materials. The console slot nickel connector springs wear due to design and the game cartridge's brass plated nickel connectors are also prone to <a href="/wiki/Tarnish" title="Tarnish">tarnishing</a> and oxidation. Nintendo sought to fix these problems by redesigning the next generation <a href="/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">Super Nintendo Entertainment System</a> (SNES) as a top loader similar to the Famicom.<a href="#cite_note-corrosion-107">[96]</a> Many players try to alleviate issues in the game caused by this corrosion by blowing into the cartridges, then reinserting them, which actually speeds up the tarnishing due to moisture. One way to slow down the tarnishing process and extend the life of the cartridges is to use <a href="/wiki/Isopropyl_alcohol" title="Isopropyl alcohol">isopropyl alcohol</a> and cotton swabs.<a href="#cite_note-mental-108">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-nerdist-109">[98]</a> Users have attempted to solve these problems by blowing air onto the cartridge connectors, inserting the cartridge just far enough to get the ZIF to lower, licking the edge connector, slapping the side of the system after inserting a cartridge, shifting the cartridge from side to side after insertion, pushing the ZIF up and down repeatedly, holding the ZIF down lower than it should have been, and cleaning the connectors with alcohol. Many frequently used methods to fix this problem actually risk damaging gaming cartridges or the system.<a href="#cite_note-110">[99]</a> In 1989, Nintendo released an official NES Cleaning Kit to help users clean malfunctioning cartridges and consoles. In response to these hardware flaws, "Nintendo Authorized Repair Centers" sprang up across the U.S. According to Nintendo, the authorization program was designed to ensure that the machines were properly repaired. Nintendo would ship the necessary replacement parts only to shops that had enrolled in the authorization program. With the release of the top-loading <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System_(Model_NES-101)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nintendo Entertainment System (Model NES-101)">NES-101</a> (New-Style NES) in 1993 toward the end of the NES's lifespan, Nintendo resolved the problems by switching to a standard <a href="/wiki/Card_edge_connector" class="mw-redirect" title="Card edge connector">card edge connector</a> and eliminating the lockout chip. All of the Famicom systems use standard card edge connectors, as do Nintendo's two subsequent game consoles, the <a href="/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">Super Nintendo Entertainment System</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64" title="Nintendo 64">Nintendo 64</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lockout">Lockout</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Lockout">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nintendo-10NES-Lockout-Chip.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nintendo-10NES-Lockout-Chip.jpg/220px-Nintendo-10NES-Lockout-Chip.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nintendo-10NES-Lockout-Chip.jpg/330px-Nintendo-10NES-Lockout-Chip.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nintendo-10NES-Lockout-Chip.jpg/440px-Nintendo-10NES-Lockout-Chip.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1150" /></a><figcaption>The 10NES authentication chip (at top) contributes to the system's reliability problems. The circuit was ultimately removed from the remodeled New-Style NES.</figcaption></figure> The Famicom as released in Japan contains no lockout hardware, which led to unlicensed cartridges (both legitimate and bootleg) becoming extremely common throughout Japan and East Asia.<a href="#cite_note-lockout-111">[100]</a> Nintendo tried to promote its "Seal of Quality" in these regions to identify licensed games to combat bootlegs, but bootleg Famicom games continued to be produced even after Nintendo moved production onto the Super Famicom, effectively extending the lifetime of the Famicom.<a href="#cite_note-odeonnel_nes10-112">[101]</a> The original NES released for Western countries in 1985 contains the <a href="/wiki/10NES" class="mw-redirect" title="10NES">10NES</a> lockout chip, which prevents it from running cartridges unapproved by Nintendo. The inclusion of the 10NES was a direct influence from the <a href="/wiki/Video_game_crash_of_1983" title="Video game crash of 1983">1983 video game crash</a> in North America, partially caused by a market flooded with uncontrolled publishing of games of poor quality for the home consoles. Nintendo did not want to see that happen with the NES and used the lockout chip to restrict games to only those they licensed and approved for the system. This means of protection worked in combination with the Nintendo "Seal of Quality", which a developer had to acquire before they would be able to have access to the required 10NES information prior to publication of their game.<a href="#cite_note-odeonnel_nes10-112">[101]</a> Initially, the 10NES chip proved a significant barrier to unlicensed developers seeking to develop and sell games for the console. However, hobbyists in later years discovered that disassembling the NES and cutting the fourth pin of the lockout chip would change the chip's mode of operation from "lock" to "key", removing all effects and greatly improving the console's ability to play legal games, bootlegs, and converted imports. Original NES consoles sold in different regions have different lockout chips, thereby enforcing <a href="/wiki/Regional_lockout" title="Regional lockout">regional lockout</a> (regardless of TV signal compatibility).<a href="#cite_note-113">[102]</a> Such regions include North America; most of continental Europe (PAL-B);<a href="#cite_note-NintendojoFR_–_Video_output-114">[103]</a> Asia; and the British Isles, Italy, and Australasia (PAL-A).<a href="#cite_note-115">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[105]</a> Problems with the 10NES lockout chip frequently result in one of the console's most common issues: the blinking red power light, in which the system appears to turn itself on and off repeatedly because the 10NES would reset the console once per second. The lockout chip required constant communication with the chip in the game to work.<a href="#cite_note-Game_Over-14">[9]</a>: 247  Dirty, aging, and bent connectors often disrupt the communication, resulting in the blink effect.<a href="#cite_note-zif-106">[95]</a> In other cases, the console turns on but only displays a solid white, gray, or green screen. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technical_specifications">Technical specifications</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Technical specifications">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nintendo-NES-Mk1-Motherboard-Top.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Nintendo-NES-Mk1-Motherboard-Top.jpg/220px-Nintendo-NES-Mk1-Motherboard-Top.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Nintendo-NES-Mk1-Motherboard-Top.jpg/330px-Nintendo-NES-Mk1-Motherboard-Top.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Nintendo-NES-Mk1-Motherboard-Top.jpg/440px-Nintendo-NES-Mk1-Motherboard-Top.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4570" data-file-height="3330" /></a><figcaption>NES motherboard (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nintendo-NES-Mk1-Motherboard-Top.jpg" class="extiw" title="commons:File:Nintendo-NES-Mk1-Motherboard-Top.jpg">Annotated version</a>)</figcaption></figure> The console's main <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">central processing unit</a> (CPU) was produced by <a href="/wiki/Ricoh" title="Ricoh">Ricoh</a>, which manufactured different versions between NTSC and PAL regions; NTSC consoles have a <a href="/wiki/2A03" class="mw-redirect" title="2A03">2A03</a> clocked at 1.79 <a href="/wiki/Megahertz" class="mw-redirect" title="Megahertz"><abbr title="megahertz">MHz</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip megahertz, and PAL consoles have a <a href="/wiki/2A07" class="mw-redirect" title="2A07">2A07</a> clocked at 1.66 MHz.<a href="#cite_note-117">[106]</a> Both CPUs are unlicensed variants of the <a href="/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502" title="MOS Technology 6502">MOS Technology 6502</a>, an 8-bit <a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessor</a> prevalent in contemporary <a href="/wiki/Home_computer" title="Home computer">home computers</a> and consoles; Nintendo ostensibly disabled the 6502's <a href="/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal" title="Binary-coded decimal">binary-coded decimal</a> mode on them to avoid <a href="/wiki/Patent_infringement" title="Patent infringement">patent infringement</a> against or licensing fees towards <a href="/wiki/MOS_Technology" title="MOS Technology">MOS Technology</a>, which was owned by then-rival <a href="/wiki/Commodore_International" title="Commodore International">Commodore International</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Altice_–_27-118">[107]</a> The CPU has access to 2 <a href="/wiki/Kilobyte" title="Kilobyte"><abbr title="kilobyte">KB</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip kilobyte of onboard work <a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory"><abbr title="random-access memory">RAM</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip random-access memory.<a href="#cite_note-119">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ars_Technica_–_Retrospective-60">[50]</a> The console's graphics are handled by a Ricoh 2C02,<a href="#cite_note-Altice_–_27-118">[107]</a> a processor known as the Picture Processing Unit (PPU) that is clocked at 5.37 MHz.<a href="#cite_note-Ars_Technica_–_Retrospective-60">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[109]</a> A derivative of the Texas Instruments <a href="/wiki/TMS9918" title="TMS9918">TMS9918</a>—a <a href="/wiki/Video_display_controller" title="Video display controller">video display controller</a> used in the <a href="/wiki/ColecoVision" title="ColecoVision">ColecoVision</a><a href="#cite_note-Altice_–_27-118">[107]</a>—the PPU features 2 <a href="/wiki/Kilobyte" title="Kilobyte">KB</a> of <a href="/wiki/Video_random-access_memory" title="Video random-access memory">video RAM</a>, 256 <a href="/wiki/Byte" title="Byte">bytes</a> of on-die "object attribute memory" (OAM) to store <a href="/wiki/Sprite_(computer_graphics)" title="Sprite (computer graphics)">sprite</a> display information on up to 64 sprites, and 28 bytes of RAM to store information on the <a href="/wiki/YIQ" title="YIQ">YIQ</a>-based<a href="#cite_note-121">[110]</a> <a href="/wiki/Palette_(computing)" title="Palette (computing)">color palette</a>; the console can display up to 25 colors simultaneously out of 54 usable colors.<a href="#cite_note-Ars_Technica_–_Retrospective-60">[50]</a> The console's standard <a href="/wiki/Display_resolution" title="Display resolution">display resolution</a> is 256 × 240 <a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">pixels</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Ars_Technica_–_Retrospective-60">[50]</a> though video output options vary between models. The original Famicom features only <a href="/wiki/RF_modulator" title="RF modulator">radio frequency (RF) modulator</a> output, and the NES additionally supports <a href="/wiki/Composite_video" title="Composite video">composite video</a> via <a href="/wiki/RCA_connector" title="RCA connector">RCA connectors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20years-122">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[j]</a> The redesigned Famicom omits the RF modulator entirely, only outputting composite video via a proprietary "multi-out" connector first introduced on the Super Famicom/SNES; conversely, the redesigned NES features RF modulator output only, though a version of the model including the "multi-out" connector was produced in rare quantities.<a href="#cite_note-NL_–_AV_Famicom-97">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-NL_–_Nintendo_refreshes-125">[113]</a> The console produces sound via an <a href="/wiki/Audio_processing_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio processing unit">audio processing unit</a> (APU) integrated into the processor.<a href="#cite_note-Altice_–_250-126">[114]</a> It supports a total of five sound channels: two <a href="/wiki/Pulse_wave" title="Pulse wave">pulse wave</a> channels, one <a href="/wiki/Triangle_wave" title="Triangle wave">triangle wave</a> channel, one <a href="/wiki/White_noise" title="White noise">white noise</a> channel, and one <a href="/wiki/Differential_pulse-code_modulation" title="Differential pulse-code modulation"><abbr title="differential pulse-code modulation">DPCM</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip differential pulse-code modulation channel for <a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">sample</a> playback.<a href="#cite_note-127">[115]</a> Audio playback speed is dependent on the CPU clock rate, which is set by a <a href="/wiki/Crystal_oscillator" title="Crystal oscillator">crystal oscillator</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Altice_–_250-126">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accessories">Accessories</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Accessories">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nintendo_Entertainment_System_accessories" title="List of Nintendo Entertainment System accessories">List of Nintendo Entertainment System accessories</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Controllers">Controllers</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Controllers">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div class="thumbimage" style=";height:89px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Nintendo-Famicom-Controller-I-FL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Nintendo-Famicom-Controller-I-FL.jpg/128px-Nintendo-Famicom-Controller-I-FL.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Nintendo-Famicom-Controller-I-FL.jpg/192px-Nintendo-Famicom-Controller-I-FL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Nintendo-Famicom-Controller-I-FL.jpg/256px-Nintendo-Famicom-Controller-I-FL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2520" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Original Famicom first player controller</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div class="thumbimage" style=";height:89px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Nintendo-Famicom-Controller-II-FL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Nintendo-Famicom-Controller-II-FL.jpg/128px-Nintendo-Famicom-Controller-II-FL.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Nintendo-Famicom-Controller-II-FL.jpg/192px-Nintendo-Famicom-Controller-II-FL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Nintendo-Famicom-Controller-II-FL.jpg/256px-Nintendo-Famicom-Controller-II-FL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2520" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Original Famicom second player controller</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div class="thumbimage" style=";height:89px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Nintendo-Entertainment-System-NES-Controller-FL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nintendo-Entertainment-System-NES-Controller-FL.jpg/124px-Nintendo-Entertainment-System-NES-Controller-FL.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nintendo-Entertainment-System-NES-Controller-FL.jpg/186px-Nintendo-Entertainment-System-NES-Controller-FL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nintendo-Entertainment-System-NES-Controller-FL.jpg/248px-Nintendo-Entertainment-System-NES-Controller-FL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3720" data-file-height="2700" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Original NES controller</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage" style=";height:92px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Nintendo-Famicom-NES-Dogbone-Controller-FL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Nintendo-Famicom-NES-Dogbone-Controller-FL.jpg/130px-Nintendo-Famicom-NES-Dogbone-Controller-FL.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Nintendo-Famicom-NES-Dogbone-Controller-FL.jpg/195px-Nintendo-Famicom-NES-Dogbone-Controller-FL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Nintendo-Famicom-NES-Dogbone-Controller-FL.jpg/260px-Nintendo-Famicom-NES-Dogbone-Controller-FL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3480" data-file-height="2490" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Redesigned "dog bone" controller</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div class="thumbimage" style=";height:92px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Nintendo-NES-Advantage-Controller.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Nintendo-NES-Advantage-Controller.jpg/128px-Nintendo-NES-Advantage-Controller.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Nintendo-NES-Advantage-Controller.jpg/192px-Nintendo-NES-Advantage-Controller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Nintendo-NES-Advantage-Controller.jpg/256px-Nintendo-NES-Advantage-Controller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4260" data-file-height="3090" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/NES_Advantage" title="NES Advantage">NES Advantage</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div class="thumbimage" style=";height:92px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:NES-MAX-Controller-FL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/NES-MAX-Controller-FL.jpg/122px-NES-MAX-Controller-FL.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/NES-MAX-Controller-FL.jpg/183px-NES-MAX-Controller-FL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/NES-MAX-Controller-FL.jpg/244px-NES-MAX-Controller-FL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3420" data-file-height="2610" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/NES_Max" class="mw-redirect" title="NES Max">NES Max</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:390px;max-width:390px"><div class="thumbimage" style=";height:186px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Nintendo-Entertainment-System-NES-Zapper-Gray-R.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Nintendo-Entertainment-System-NES-Zapper-Gray-R.jpg/388px-Nintendo-Entertainment-System-NES-Zapper-Gray-R.jpg" decoding="async" width="388" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Nintendo-Entertainment-System-NES-Zapper-Gray-R.jpg/582px-Nintendo-Entertainment-System-NES-Zapper-Gray-R.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Nintendo-Entertainment-System-NES-Zapper-Gray-R.jpg/776px-Nintendo-Entertainment-System-NES-Zapper-Gray-R.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="2310" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/NES_Zapper" title="NES Zapper">NES Zapper</a></div></div></div></div></div> The <a href="/wiki/Game_controller" title="Game controller">game controller</a> for both the NES and the Famicom has an oblong brick-like design with a simple four button layout: two round buttons labeled "A" and "B", a "START" button, and a "SELECT" button.<a href="#cite_note-NESBooklet-128">[116]</a> Additionally, the controllers use the cross-shaped <a href="/wiki/D-pad" title="D-pad">D-pad</a>, designed by Nintendo employee <a href="/wiki/Gunpei_Yokoi" title="Gunpei Yokoi">Gunpei Yokoi</a> for Nintendo <a href="/wiki/Game_%26_Watch" title="Game & Watch">Game & Watch</a> systems, to replace the bulkier <a href="/wiki/Joystick" title="Joystick">joysticks</a> on controllers of earlier gaming consoles.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate_History-39">[31]</a>: 279  The original model Famicom features two game controllers, both of which are hardwired to the back of the console.<a href="#cite_note-130">[k]</a> The second controller lacks the START and SELECT button, featuring a small <a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">microphone</a> instead; however, few games use this feature.<a href="#cite_note-Kotaku_–_microphone-131">[118]</a> The earliest produced Famicom units have square A and B buttons;<a href="#cite_note-20years-122">[111]</a> issues with them getting stuck when pressed down led Nintendo to change their shape to a circular design in subsequent units following the console's recall.<a href="#cite_note-IwataAsks_–_Early_Days-132">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kohler_–_Retro_Gaming_Hacks-133">[120]</a> Instead of the Famicom's hardwired controllers, the NES has two proprietary seven-pin ports on the front of the console to support detachable controllers and third-party peripherals.<a href="#cite_note-134">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[122]</a> The controllers bundled with the NES are identical and include the START and SELECT buttons, lacking the microphone on the original Famicom's second controller.<a href="#cite_note-InsideFamicom-91">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[123]</a> The cables for NES controllers are also generally three times longer than their Famicom counterparts.<a href="#cite_note-Altice_–_356-129">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[125]</a> Several special controllers are intended for use with specific games, though are not commonly used. Such peripherals include the <a href="/wiki/NES_Zapper" title="NES Zapper">NES Zapper</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Light_gun" title="Light gun">light gun</a>), <a href="/wiki/R.O.B." title="R.O.B.">R.O.B.</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Toy_robot" class="mw-redirect" title="Toy robot">toy robot</a>),<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate_History-39">[31]</a>: 297  and the <a href="/wiki/Power_Pad" title="Power Pad">Power Pad</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Dance_pad" title="Dance pad">dance pad</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Game_Over-14">[9]</a>: 226 <a href="#cite_note-139">[126]</a> The original Famicom has a deepened <a href="/wiki/D-subminiature" title="D-subminiature">DA-15</a> expansion port on the front of the unit to accommodate them.<a href="#cite_note-InsideFamicom-91">[80]</a> Two official advanced controllers were produced for the NES: the <a href="/wiki/NES_Advantage" title="NES Advantage">NES Advantage</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Arcade_controller" title="Arcade controller">arcade controller</a> produced by <a href="/wiki/Asciiware" class="mw-redirect" title="Asciiware">Asciiware</a> and licensed by Nintendo of America;<a href="#cite_note-140">[127]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/NES_Max" class="mw-redirect" title="NES Max">NES Max</a>, a controller with grip handles and a "<a href="/wiki/Cycloid" title="Cycloid">cycloid</a>" sliding-disc D-pad in place of the traditional one.<a href="#cite_note-Ars_Technica_–_NES_Advantage-141">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-NL_–_30_unique_peripherals-142">[129]</a> Both controllers have a "Turbo" feature, which simulates multiple rapid button presses, for the A and B buttons; the NES Max has manually pressed Turbo buttons, and the NES Advantage offers <a href="/wiki/Toggle_switch" class="mw-redirect" title="Toggle switch">toggle buttons</a> for Turbo functionality along with knobs that adjust the firing rate of each button.<a href="#cite_note-143">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-NES_Advantage_booklet-144">[131]</a> The latter also includes a "Slow" button that rapidly pauses games, though this function is not intended for games that invoke a pause menu or screen.<a href="#cite_note-Ars_Technica_–_NES_Advantage-141">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-NES_Advantage_booklet-144">[131]</a> The standard game controller was redesigned upon the introduction of the redesigned console. Though the original button layout was retained, the shape of the redesigned controller—nicknamed the "<a href="/wiki/Dog_bone" class="mw-redirect" title="Dog bone">dog bone</a>" controller—resembles that of the Super Famicom and SNES. It retained NES-style detachable controller ports.<a href="#cite_note-AVFamicom-145">[132]</a> The original NES controller has become one of the most recognizable symbols of the console. Nintendo has mimicked the look of the controller in several other products, from promotional merchandise to limited edition versions of the <a href="/wiki/Game_Boy_Advance" title="Game Boy Advance">Game Boy Advance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GBA-146">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japanese_accessories">Japanese accessories</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Japanese accessories">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nintendo-Famicom-Family-Basic-Keyboard-wCart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Nintendo-Famicom-Family-Basic-Keyboard-wCart.jpg/220px-Nintendo-Famicom-Family-Basic-Keyboard-wCart.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Nintendo-Famicom-Family-Basic-Keyboard-wCart.jpg/330px-Nintendo-Famicom-Family-Basic-Keyboard-wCart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Nintendo-Famicom-Family-Basic-Keyboard-wCart.jpg/440px-Nintendo-Famicom-Family-Basic-Keyboard-wCart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4140" data-file-height="1980" /></a><figcaption>The Japanese Famicom has <a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a> support with the <a href="/wiki/Family_BASIC" title="Family BASIC">Family BASIC</a> keyboard.</figcaption></figure> Few of the numerous <a href="/wiki/Peripheral" title="Peripheral">peripheral</a> devices and software packages for the Famicom were released outside Japan. The <a href="/wiki/Famicom_3D_System" title="Famicom 3D System">Famicom 3D System</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Active_shutter_3D_system" title="Active shutter 3D system">active shutter 3D headset</a> peripheral released in 1987, enabled the ability to play <a href="/wiki/Stereoscopic_video_game" title="Stereoscopic video game">stereoscopic video games</a>. It was a commercial failure and never released outside Japan; users described the headset as bulky and uncomfortable. Seven games are compatible with the glasses, with three of them developed by <a href="/wiki/Square_(video_game_company)" title="Square (video game company)">Square</a>; two titles received worldwide releases as <a href="/wiki/Rad_Racer" title="Rad Racer">Rad Racer</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_3-D_Battles_of_WorldRunner" title="The 3-D Battles of WorldRunner">The 3-D Battles of WorldRunner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[134]</a> <a href="/wiki/Family_BASIC" title="Family BASIC">Family BASIC</a> is an implementation of BASIC for the Famicom, packaged with a keyboard. Similar in concept to the Atari 2600 BASIC cartridge, it allows the user to write programs, especially games, which can be saved on an included cassette recorder.<a href="#cite_note-148">[135]</a> Nintendo of America rejected releasing Famicom BASIC in the US in favor of its primary marketing demographic of children.<a href="#cite_note-Game_Over-14">[9]</a>: 162  The <a href="/wiki/Famicom_Modem" class="mw-redirect" title="Famicom Modem">Famicom Modem</a> connected a Famicom to a now defunct proprietary network in Japan which provided content such as financial services. A dial-up modem was never released for the NES after a partnership with <a href="/wiki/Fidelity_Investments" title="Fidelity Investments">Fidelity Investments</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Modem-149">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Famicom_Disk_System">Famicom Disk System</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Famicom Disk System">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Famicom_Disk_System" title="Famicom Disk System">Famicom Disk System</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Famicom_Disk_System_games" title="List of Famicom Disk System games">List of Famicom Disk System games</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:133px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Nintendo-Famicom-Disk-System.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Nintendo-Famicom-Disk-System.jpg/150px-Nintendo-Famicom-Disk-System.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Nintendo-Famicom-Disk-System.jpg/225px-Nintendo-Famicom-Disk-System.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Nintendo-Famicom-Disk-System.jpg/300px-Nintendo-Famicom-Disk-System.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3550" data-file-height="3150" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:133px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Nintendo-Famicom-Disk-System-Floppy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Nintendo-Famicom-Disk-System-Floppy.jpg/134px-Nintendo-Famicom-Disk-System-Floppy.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Nintendo-Famicom-Disk-System-Floppy.jpg/201px-Nintendo-Famicom-Disk-System-Floppy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Nintendo-Famicom-Disk-System-Floppy.jpg/268px-Nintendo-Famicom-Disk-System-Floppy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2936" data-file-height="2936" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Famicom_Disk_System" title="Famicom Disk System">Disk System</a> peripheral for the Famicom uses games on Disk Cards with a 3" <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disk</a> drive.</div></div></div></div> By 1986, the cost and size limitations of <a href="/wiki/ROM_chip" class="mw-redirect" title="ROM chip">ROM chips</a> used in the Famicom's <a href="/wiki/ROM_cartridge" title="ROM cartridge">ROM cartridges</a> were apparent, with no new advancements present to address them.<a href="#cite_note-InsideFamicom-91">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-Eurogamer_–_FDS-150">[137]</a> With this in mind, Nintendo looked at the personal computer (PC) market, where the <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disk</a> was gaining wide adoption as a <a href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage" title="Computer data storage">computer data storage</a> medium.<a href="#cite_note-NL_–_FDS-151">[138]</a> Partnering with <a href="/wiki/Mitsumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsumi">Mitsumi</a> to develop a floppy disk add-on for the Famicom based on the latter's <a href="/wiki/Quick_Disk#Mitsumi's_"Quick_Disk"_3-inch_floppies" class="mw-redirect" title="Quick Disk">Quick Disk</a> format,<a href="#cite_note-Altice_–_164-152">[139]</a> Nintendo officially released it as the Family Computer Disk System in Japan on February 21, 1986, at a retail price of ¥15,000.<a href="#cite_note-NOM_–_FDS-153">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-Famitsu_–_FDS-154">[141]</a> The advantages of the format (called "Disk Card") were apparent on launch. It has more than triple the data storage capacity of the then-largest cartridge (used for <a href="/wiki/Super_Mario_Bros." title="Super Mario Bros.">Super Mario Bros.</a>) and introduced <a href="/wiki/Game_save" class="mw-redirect" title="Game save">game save</a> capability and lower production costs compared to cartridges, which resulted in lower retail prices for consumers.<a href="#cite_note-NL_–_FDS-151">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-USgamer_–_FDS-155">[142]</a> The add-on also has a new <a href="/wiki/Wavetable_synthesis" title="Wavetable synthesis">wavetable synthesis</a> sound channel and more data storage for the Famicom's <a href="/wiki/Audio_sample" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio sample">audio sample</a> channel.<a href="#cite_note-USgamer_–_FDS-155">[142]</a> Taking advantage of the disk's re-writability, Nintendo set up Disk Writer <a href="/wiki/Interactive_kiosk" title="Interactive kiosk">interactive kiosks</a> at retail stores throughout Japan; at each kiosk, consumers could buy new games to rewrite onto their old disks or onto new disks.<a href="#cite_note-Game_Over-14">[9]</a>: 75 <a href="#cite_note-NWR_–_FDS-156">[143]</a> Disk Fax kiosks allowed players to submit their <a href="/wiki/High_score" class="mw-redirect" title="High score">high scores</a> on special blue disks for contests and rankings, predating the <a href="/wiki/Ladder_tournament" title="Ladder tournament">online leaderboard</a> by several years.<a href="#cite_note-NL_–_FDS-151">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-NOM_–_FDS-153">[140]</a> Although Nintendo committed to exclusively releasing games on the Disk System after its release, numerous external issues plagued its long-term viability. Just four months after launch, <a href="/wiki/Capcom" title="Capcom">Capcom</a> released a Famicom port of <a href="/wiki/Ghosts_%27n_Goblins_(video_game)" title="Ghosts 'n Goblins (video game)">Makaimura</a> (known as Ghosts 'n Goblins in the U.S.) on a cartridge with more data storage capacity than what was possible on Disk Cards, nullifying one of the Disk System's major advantages by using <a href="/wiki/Discrete_logic" class="mw-redirect" title="Discrete logic">discrete logic</a> chips to perform <a href="/wiki/Bank_switching" title="Bank switching">bank switching</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NWR_–_FDS-156">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[144]</a> Nintendo also demanded half of the copyright ownership for each game it selected for release on the Disk System, resulting in developers electing to remain on cartridge instead as the latter gained functionality previously considered unique to the former. Developers disliked the lower profit margin of the Disk Writer kiosks, and retailers complained of their use of valuable space as demand for the format waned.<a href="#cite_note-Game_Over-14">[9]</a>: 78 <a href="#cite_note-NL_–_FDS-151">[138]</a> Usage of a floppy disk-based medium brought about further complications; Disk Cards were more fragile than cartridges and were prone to data corruption from magnetic exposure.<a href="#cite_note-USgamer_–_FDS-155">[142]</a> Their unreliability was exacerbated by their lack of a shutter, which Nintendo substituted with a wax sleeve and clear <a href="/wiki/Keep_case" title="Keep case">keep case</a> to reduce costs; blue disks<a href="#cite_note-NOM_–_FDS-153">[140]</a> and later Disk Cards included shutters.<a href="#cite_note-NL_–_FDS-151">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-NWR_–_FDS-156">[143]</a> The rubber belt-based disk drives were also unreliable, with cryptic error codes complicating troubleshooting;<a href="#cite_note-NL_–_FDS-151">[138]</a> even when fully functional, players accustomed to cartridges were annoyed with the introduction of loading times and disk flipping.<a href="#cite_note-Altice_–_164-152">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-Famitsu_–_FDS-154">[141]</a> Furthermore, the rewritable nature of the format resulted in rampant <a href="/wiki/Software_piracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Software piracy">software piracy</a>, with Nintendo's attempts at anti-piracy measures quickly defeated.<a href="#cite_note-NL_–_FDS-151">[138]</a> Though selling close to two million units for all of 1986, Nintendo only managed to increase the total to 4.4 million units by 1990, falling well short of internal projections.<a href="#cite_note-Game_Over-14">[9]</a>: 76  By then, the Disk System was rendered obsolete due to advancements in ROM cartridge production: <a href="/wiki/Memory-mapped_I/O" class="mw-redirect" title="Memory-mapped I/O">memory mapping</a> chips<a href="#cite_note-159">[l]</a> for expanded data storage capacity, battery-backed <a href="/wiki/Static_random-access_memory" title="Static random-access memory"><abbr title="static random-access memory">SRAM</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip static random-access memory for game saving, and declining overall production costs.<a href="#cite_note-NL_–_FDS-151">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-NWR_–_FDS-156">[143]</a> Nintendo alluded to a Western release for the Disk System, going so far as to successfully file a U.S. patent for it and having the Famicom's cartridge pins used by its RAM Adapter for enhanced audio rerouted to the NES's little-used bottom expansion port. However, such a release never materialized due to its reception in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-NWR_–_FDS-156">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[146]</a> Most of its games were re-released with workarounds on cartridge for both the Famicom and NES, without the enhanced audio.<a href="#cite_note-USgamer_–_FDS-155">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-NWR_–_FDS-156">[143]</a> Although the last game for the Disk System was released in December 1992, Nintendo continued repair and rewrite services for it until September 2003.<a href="#cite_note-NOM_–_FDS-153">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-NWR_–_FDS-156">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NES_Test_Station">NES Test Station</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: NES Test Station">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:NES_Test_Station_%26_SNES_Counter_Tester_20160814.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/NES_Test_Station_%26_SNES_Counter_Tester_20160814.jpg/200px-NES_Test_Station_%26_SNES_Counter_Tester_20160814.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/NES_Test_Station_%26_SNES_Counter_Tester_20160814.jpg/300px-NES_Test_Station_%26_SNES_Counter_Tester_20160814.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/NES_Test_Station_%26_SNES_Counter_Tester_20160814.jpg/400px-NES_Test_Station_%26_SNES_Counter_Tester_20160814.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4183" data-file-height="2832" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The NES Test station (lower left), SNES counter tester (lower right), SNES test cart (upper right), and the original TV that came with the unit (upper left)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Nes_Test_Station_AC_test.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nes_Test_Station_AC_test.jpg/200px-Nes_Test_Station_AC_test.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nes_Test_Station_AC_test.jpg/300px-Nes_Test_Station_AC_test.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nes_Test_Station_AC_test.jpg/400px-Nes_Test_Station_AC_test.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1085" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">NES test station AC adapter Pass or Fail test demonstration</div></div></div></div></div> The NES Test Station diagnostics machine was introduced in 1988. It is an NES-based unit designed for testing NES hardware, components, and games. It was only provided for use in World of Nintendo boutiques as part of the Nintendo World Class Service program. Visitors were to bring items to test with the station, and could be assisted by a store technician or employee. The NES Test Station's front has a Game Pak slot and connectors for testing various components (AC adapter, RF switch, Audio/Video cable, NES Control Deck, accessories and games), with a centrally-located selector knob to choose which component to test. The unit itself weighs approximately 11.7 pounds without a TV. It connects to a television via a combined A/V and RF Switch cable. By actuating the green button, a user can toggle between an A/V Cable or RF Switch connection. The television it is connected to (typically 11" to 14") is meant to be placed atop it.<a href="#cite_note-nintendoplayer-161">[147]</a> In 1991, Nintendo provided an add-on called the "Super NES Counter Tester" that tests Super NES components and games. The Super NES Counter Tester is a standard Control Deck on a metal fixture with the connection from the back of the unit re-routed to the front. These connections may be made directly to the test station or to the TV, depending on what is to be tested.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Games">Games</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Games">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nintendo_Entertainment_System_games" title="List of Nintendo Entertainment System games">List of Nintendo Entertainment System games</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Famicom_Disk_System_games" title="List of Famicom Disk System games">List of Famicom Disk System games</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cancelled_NES_games" title="List of cancelled NES games">List of cancelled NES games</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Game_Pak">Game Pak</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Game Pak">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System_Game_Pak" title="Nintendo Entertainment System Game Pak">Nintendo Entertainment System Game Pak</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NES-Cartridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/NES-Cartridge.jpg/170px-NES-Cartridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/NES-Cartridge.jpg/255px-NES-Cartridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/NES-Cartridge.jpg/340px-NES-Cartridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption>North American and PAL NES cartridges (or "<a href="/wiki/Game_Pak" title="Game Pak">Game Paks</a>") are significantly larger than Japanese Famicom cartridges.</figcaption></figure> The NES uses a 72-pin design, as compared with 60 pins on the <a href="/wiki/Famicom_Disk_System" title="Famicom Disk System">Famicom</a>. To reduce costs and inventory, some early games released in North America are simply Famicom cartridges attached to an adapter to fit inside the NES hardware.<a href="#cite_note-Adapters-162">[148]</a> Early NES cartridges are held together with five small <a href="/wiki/Socket_head_screw" class="mw-redirect" title="Socket head screw">slotted screws</a>. Games released after 1987 were redesigned slightly to incorporate two plastic clips molded into the plastic itself, removing the need for the top two screws.<a href="#cite_note-163">[149]</a> The back of the cartridge bears a label with handling instructions. Production and software revision codes were imprinted as stamps on the back label to correspond with the software version and producer. All licensed NTSC and PAL cartridges are a standard shade of gray plastic, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Zelda_(video_game)" title="The Legend of Zelda (video game)">The Legend of Zelda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zelda_II:_The_Adventure_of_Link" title="Zelda II: The Adventure of Link">Zelda II: The Adventure of Link</a>, which were manufactured in gold-plastic carts. Unlicensed carts were produced in black, robin egg blue, and gold, and are all slightly different shapes than standard NES cartridges. Nintendo also produced yellow-plastic carts for internal use at Nintendo Service Centers, although these "test carts" were never made available for purchase. All licensed US cartridges were made by Nintendo, Konami, and Acclaim. For promotion of <a href="/wiki/DuckTales:_Remastered" title="DuckTales: Remastered">DuckTales: Remastered</a>, Capcom sent 150 limited-edition gold NES cartridges with the original game, featuring the Remastered art as the sticker, to different gaming news agencies. The instruction label on the back includes the opening lyric from the <a href="/wiki/DuckTales_(1987_TV_series)" title="DuckTales (1987 TV series)">show</a>'s theme song, "Life is like a hurricane".<a href="#cite_note-164">[150]</a> Famicom cartridges are shaped slightly differently. Unlike NES games, official Famicom cartridges were produced in many colors of plastic. Adapters, similar in design to the popular accessory <a href="/wiki/Game_Genie" title="Game Genie">Game Genie</a>, are available that allow Famicom games to be played on an NES. In Japan, several companies manufactured the cartridges for the Famicom.<a href="#cite_note-Game_Over-14">[9]</a>: 61  This allowed these companies to develop customized chips designed for specific purposes, such as superior sound and graphics. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third-party_licensing">Third-party licensing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Third-party licensing">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Famicom_Family_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Famicom_Family_logo.svg/220px-Famicom_Family_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Famicom_Family_logo.svg/330px-Famicom_Family_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Famicom_Family_logo.svg/440px-Famicom_Family_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="373" /></a><figcaption>The Famicom Family mark appeared in games and peripherals from 1988 that were approved by Nintendo for compatibility with official Famicom consoles and derivatives.</figcaption></figure> Nintendo's near monopoly on the home video game market left it with a dominant influence over the industry. Unlike Atari, which never actively pursued third-party developers (and even went to court in an attempt to force <a href="/wiki/Activision" title="Activision">Activision</a> to cease production of <a href="/wiki/Atari_2600" title="Atari 2600">Atari 2600</a> games), Nintendo had anticipated and encouraged the involvement of third-party software developers, though strictly on Nintendo's terms.<a href="#cite_note-archive1-165">[151]</a> Some of the Nintendo platform-control measures were adopted in a less stringent way by later console manufacturers such as Sega, Sony, and Microsoft. To this end, a <a href="/wiki/10NES" class="mw-redirect" title="10NES">10NES</a> authentication chip is in every console and in every licensed cartridge. If the console's chip can not detect a counterpart chip inside the cartridge, the game does not load.<a href="#cite_note-Game_Over-14">[9]</a>: 247  Nintendo portrayed these measures as intended to protect the public against poor-quality games,<a href="#cite_note-keizer198809-166">[152]</a> and placed a <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Seal_of_Quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Nintendo Seal of Quality">golden seal of approval</a> on all licensed games released for the system. Nintendo found success with Japanese arcade manufacturers such as <a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capcom" title="Capcom">Capcom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taito" title="Taito">Taito</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Namco" title="Namco">Namco</a>, which signed on as third-party developers. However, they found resistance with US game developers including <a href="/wiki/Atari_Games" title="Atari Games">Atari Games</a>, <a href="/wiki/Activision" title="Activision">Activision</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Epyx" title="Epyx">Epyx</a> refusing Nintendo's one-sided terms. <a href="/wiki/Acclaim_Entertainment" title="Acclaim Entertainment">Acclaim Entertainment</a>, a fledgling game publisher founded by former Activision employees, was the first major third-party licensee in the United States to sign on with Nintendo in late 1987. Atari Games (through <a href="/wiki/Tengen_(company)" title="Tengen (company)">Tengen</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Activision" title="Activision">Activision</a> signed on soon after. Nintendo was not as restrictive as Sega, which did not permit third-party publishing until <a href="/wiki/Mediagenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediagenic">Mediagenic</a> in late summer 1988.<a href="#cite_note-cgw198811-167">[153]</a> Nintendo's intention was to reserve a large part of NES game revenue for itself. Nintendo required that it be the sole manufacturer of all cartridges, and that the publisher had to pay in full before the cartridges for that game be produced. Cartridges could not be returned to Nintendo, so publishers assumed all the risk. As a result, some publishers lost more money due to distress sales of remaining inventory at the end of the NES era than they ever earned in profits from sales of the games. Because Nintendo controlled the production of all cartridges, it was able to enforce strict rules on its third-party developers, who were required to sign a contract that would obligate them to develop exclusively for the system, order at least 10,000 cartridges, and only make five games per year.<a href="#cite_note-Game_Over-14">[9]</a>: 214–215  The global <a href="/wiki/Chip_shortage" title="Chip shortage">1988 shortage of DRAM and ROM chips</a> reportedly caused Nintendo to only permit an average of 25% of publishers' requests for cartridges, with some receiving much higher amounts and others almost none.<a href="#cite_note-keizer198809-166">[152]</a> <a href="/wiki/GameSpy" title="GameSpy">GameSpy</a> noted that Nintendo's "iron-clad terms" made the company many enemies during the 1980s. Some developers tried to circumvent the five game limit by creating additional company brands like <a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ultra_Games" title="Ultra Games">Ultra Games</a> label; others tried circumventing the 10NES chip.<a href="#cite_note-archive1-165">[151]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="#Unlicensed_games">§ Unlicensed games</a></div> Nintendo was accused of <a href="/wiki/Competition_law" title="Competition law">antitrust violations</a> because of the strict licensing requirements.<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Court_of_Appeals,_Federal_Circuit_1992-168">[154]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> and several states began probing Nintendo's business practices, leading to the involvement of Congress and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> (FTC). The FTC conducted an extensive investigation which included interviewing hundreds of retailers. During the FTC probe, Nintendo changed the terms of its publisher licensing agreements to eliminate the two-year rule and other restrictive terms. Nintendo and the FTC settled the case in April 1991, with Nintendo required to send vouchers giving a $5 discount off to a new game, to every person that had purchased an NES game between June 1988 and December 1990. GameSpy remarked that Nintendo's punishment was particularly weak given the case's findings, although it has been speculated that the FTC did not want to damage the video game industry in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-archive1-165">[151]</a> With the NES near the end of its life, many third-party publishers such as <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a> supported upstart competing consoles with less strict licensing terms such as the <a href="/wiki/Sega_Genesis" title="Sega Genesis">Sega Genesis</a> and then the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">PlayStation</a>, which eroded and then took over Nintendo's dominance in the home console market, respectively. Consoles from Nintendo's rivals in the post-SNES era had always enjoyed much stronger third-party support than Nintendo, which relied more heavily on first-party games. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Unlicensed_games">Unlicensed games</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Unlicensed games">edit</a>]</div> Companies that refused to pay the licensing fee or were rejected by Nintendo found ways to circumvent the console's authentication system. Most of these companies created circuits that use a voltage spike to temporarily disable the 10NES chip.<a href="#cite_note-Game_Over-14">[9]</a>: 286  A few unlicensed games released in Europe and Australia are in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Software_protection_dongle" title="Software protection dongle">dongle</a> to connect to a licensed game, to use the licensed game's 10NES chip for authentication. To combat unlicensed games, Nintendo of America threatened retailers who sold them with losing their supply of licensed games, and multiple revisions were made to the NES PCBs to prevent unlicensed games from working. <a href="/wiki/Atari_Games" title="Atari Games">Atari Games</a> took a different approach with its line of NES products, <a href="/wiki/Tengen_(company)" title="Tengen (company)">Tengen</a>. The company attempted to <a href="/wiki/Reverse_engineering" title="Reverse engineering">reverse engineer</a> the lockout chip to develop its own "Rabbit" chip. Tengen also obtained a description of the lockout chip from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office" title="United States Patent and Trademark Office">United States Patent and Trademark Office</a> by falsely claiming that it was required to defend against present infringement claims. Nintendo successfully sued Tengen for <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a> infringement. Tengen's <a href="/wiki/Competition_law" title="Competition law">antitrust</a> claims against Nintendo were never decided.<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Court_of_Appeals,_Federal_Circuit_1992-168">[154]</a> <a href="/wiki/Color_Dreams" title="Color Dreams">Color Dreams</a> made <a href="/wiki/Christian_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian video games">Christian video games</a> under the subsidiary name <a href="/wiki/Wisdom_Tree" title="Wisdom Tree">Wisdom Tree</a>. Historian Steven Kent wrote, "Wisdom Tree presented Nintendo with a prickly situation. The general public did not seem to pay close attention to the court battle with Atari Games, and industry analysts were impressed with Nintendo's legal acumen; but going after a tiny company that published innocuous religious games was another story."<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate_History-39">[31]</a>: 400  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Game_rentals">Game rentals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Game rentals">edit</a>]</div> As the Nintendo Entertainment System grew in popularity and entered millions of American homes, some small <a href="/wiki/Video_rental_shop" title="Video rental shop">video rental shops</a> began buying their own copies of NES games, and renting them out to customers for around the same price as a <a href="/wiki/Videotape" title="Videotape">video cassette</a> rental for a few days. Nintendo received no profit from the practice beyond the initial cost of their game, and unlike movie rentals, a newly released game could hit store shelves and be available for rent on the same day. Nintendo took steps to stop game rentals, but did not take any formal legal action until <a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_LLC" class="mw-redirect" title="Blockbuster LLC">Blockbuster Video</a> began to make game rentals a large-scale service. Nintendo claimed that allowing customers to rent games would significantly hurt sales and drive up the cost of games.<a href="#cite_note-morningCall1-169">[155]</a> Nintendo lost the lawsuit,<a href="#cite_note-copySuit-170">[156]</a> but did win on a claim of copyright infringement.<a href="#cite_note-sunSentinel1-171">[157]</a> Blockbuster was banned from including photocopies of original, copyrighted instruction booklets with its rented games. In compliance with the ruling, Blockbuster produced original short instructions—usually in the form of a small booklet, card, or label stuck on the back of the rental box—that explained the game's basic premise and controls. Video rental shops continued the practice of renting video games. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Reception">edit</a>]</div> By 1988, industry observers stated that the NES's popularity had grown so quickly that the market for Nintendo cartridges was larger than that for all home computer software.<a href="#cite_note-cgw198806-172">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ultimate_History-39">[31]</a>: 347  Compute! reported in 1989 that Nintendo had sold seven million NES systems in 1988 alone, almost as many as the number of <a href="/wiki/Commodore_64" title="Commodore 64">Commodore 64s</a> sold in its first five years.<a href="#cite_note-ferrell198907-173">[159]</a> "Computer game makers [are] scared stiff", the magazine said, stating that Nintendo's popularity caused most competitors to have poor sales during the previous Christmas and resulted in serious financial problems for some.<a href="#cite_note-keizer198907-174">[160]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NES_Famicom_PAL_NTSC_European_American_Japanese.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/NES_Famicom_PAL_NTSC_European_American_Japanese.jpg/220px-NES_Famicom_PAL_NTSC_European_American_Japanese.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/NES_Famicom_PAL_NTSC_European_American_Japanese.jpg/330px-NES_Famicom_PAL_NTSC_European_American_Japanese.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/NES_Famicom_PAL_NTSC_European_American_Japanese.jpg/440px-NES_Famicom_PAL_NTSC_European_American_Japanese.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2607" data-file-height="2944" /></a><figcaption>Comparison of NES from different regions. From top: Japanese Famicom, European NES and American NES </figcaption></figure> In June 1989, Nintendo of America's vice president of marketing Peter Main, said that the Famicom was present in 37% of Japan's households.<a href="#cite_note-How_Nintendo_Can_Help_A.T.&T-175">[161]</a> By 1990, 30% of American households owned the NES, compared to 23% for all personal computers.<a href="#cite_note-cgw199012-176">[162]</a> By 1990, the NES had outsold all previously released consoles worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-classic-177">[163]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] The slogan for this brand was "It can't be beaten".<a href="#cite_note-Game_Over-14">[9]</a>: 345  The Nintendo Entertainment System was not available in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. In the early 1990s, gamers predicted that competition from technologically superior systems such as the <a href="/wiki/16-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="16-bit">16-bit</a> <a href="/wiki/Sega_Genesis" title="Sega Genesis">Sega Genesis</a> would mean the immediate end of the NES's dominance. Instead, during the first year of Nintendo's successor console the <a href="/wiki/Super_Famicom" class="mw-redirect" title="Super Famicom">Super Famicom</a> (named Super Nintendo Entertainment System outside Japan), the Famicom remained the second highest-selling video game console in Japan, outselling the newer and more powerful <a href="/wiki/NEC_PC_Engine" class="mw-redirect" title="NEC PC Engine">NEC PC Engine</a> and Sega Mega Drive by a wide margin.<a href="#cite_note-EGM53-178">[164]</a> The console remained popular in Japan and North America until late 1993, when the demand for new NES software abruptly plummeted.<a href="#cite_note-EGM53-178">[164]</a> The final licensed Famicom game released in Japan is <a href="/wiki/Takahashi_Meijin_no_B%C5%8Dken_Jima_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Takahashi Meijin no Bōken Jima IV">Takahashi Meijin no Bōken Jima IV</a> (Adventure Island IV), in North America is <a href="/wiki/Wario%27s_Woods" title="Wario's Woods">Wario's Woods</a>, and in Europe is <a href="/wiki/The_Lion_King_(video_game)" title="The Lion King (video game)">The Lion King</a> in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-LastGames-179">[165]</a> In the wake of ever decreasing sales and the lack of new games, Nintendo of America officially discontinued the NES by 1995.<a href="#cite_note-Museum-7">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[166]</a> Nintendo produced new Famicom units in Japan until September 25, 2003,<a href="#cite_note-181">[167]</a> and continued to repair Famicom consoles until October 31, 2007, attributing the discontinuation of support to insufficient supplies of parts.<a href="#cite_note-182">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[169]</a> The NES was initially not as successful in Europe during the late 1980s, when it was outsold by the <a href="/wiki/Master_System" title="Master System">Master System</a> in the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-184">[170]</a> By 1990, the Master System was the highest-selling console in Europe, though the NES was beginning to have a fast-growing user base in the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-185">[171]</a> During the early 1990s, NES sales caught up with and narrowly overtook the Master System overall in Western Europe, though the Master System maintained its lead in several markets such as the United Kingdom, Belgium and Spain.<a href="#cite_note-186">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nintendo_Famicom_Tietokonemuseo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Nintendo_Famicom_Tietokonemuseo.JPG/220px-Nintendo_Famicom_Tietokonemuseo.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Nintendo_Famicom_Tietokonemuseo.JPG/330px-Nintendo_Famicom_Tietokonemuseo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Nintendo_Famicom_Tietokonemuseo.JPG/440px-Nintendo_Famicom_Tietokonemuseo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3448" data-file-height="2594" /></a><figcaption>The Famicom game console was at the Computer and Video Game Console Museum of <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> in 2012.</figcaption></figure> The NES was released two years after the <a href="/wiki/Video_game_crash_of_1983" title="Video game crash of 1983">video game crash of 1983</a>, when many retailers and adult consumers regarded electronic games as a passing fad,<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate_History-39">[31]</a>: 280  so many believed at first that the NES would soon fade.<a href="#cite_note-keizer198907-174">[160]</a> Before the NES and Famicom, Nintendo was known as a moderately successful Japanese toy and playing card manufacturer, but the consoles' popularity helped the company grow into an internationally recognized name almost synonymous with video games as Atari had been,<a href="#cite_note-187">[173]</a> and set the stage for Japanese dominance of the video game industry.<a href="#cite_note-188">[174]</a> With the NES, Nintendo also changed the relationship between <a href="/wiki/Console_manufacturer" class="mw-redirect" title="Console manufacturer">console manufacturers</a> and third-party software developers by restricting developers from publishing and distributing software without licensed approval. This led to higher-quality games, which helped change the attitude of a public that had grown weary from poorly produced games for earlier systems.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate_History-39">[31]</a>: 306–307  The NES hardware design is also very influential. Nintendo chose the name "Nintendo Entertainment System" for the US market and redesigned the system so it would not give the appearance of a child's toy. The front-loading cartridge input allowed it to be used more easily in a TV stand with other entertainment devices, such as a <a href="/wiki/Videocassette_recorder" title="Videocassette recorder">videocassette recorder</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NewControl-189">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[177]</a> The system's hardware limitations led to design principles that still influence the development of modern video games. Many prominent game franchises originated on the NES, including Nintendo's own <a href="/wiki/Mario_(franchise)" title="Mario (franchise)">Super Mario Bros.</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Power-Up-192">[178]</a>|: 57  <a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Zelda" title="The Legend of Zelda">The Legend of Zelda</a><a href="#cite_note-Ultimate_History-39">[31]</a>: 353  and <a href="/wiki/Metroid" title="Metroid">Metroid</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate_History-39">[31]</a>: 357  <a href="/wiki/Capcom" title="Capcom">Capcom</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mega_Man" title="Mega Man">Mega Man</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[179]</a> franchise, <a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Castlevania" title="Castlevania">Castlevania</a><a href="#cite_note-Ultimate_History-39">[31]</a>: 358  franchise, <a href="/wiki/Square_(video_game_company)" title="Square (video game company)">Square</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy" title="Final Fantasy">Final Fantasy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Power-Up-192">[178]</a>|: 95  and <a href="/wiki/Enix" title="Enix">Enix</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest" title="Dragon Quest">Dragon Quest</a><a href="#cite_note-Power-Up-192">[178]</a>|: 222  franchises. NES imagery, especially its controller, has become a popular motif for a variety of products,<a href="#cite_note-194">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[181]</a> including Nintendo's Game Boy Advance.<a href="#cite_note-GBA-146">[133]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Game_Show" title="Tokyo Game Show">Tokyo Game Show</a> in 2023, the Famicom was bestowed "The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economy,_Trade_and_Industry" title="Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry">Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry</a> Award" in honour of the console's influence and laying down the foundations for the games industry.<a href="#cite_note-196">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[183]</a> The NES library includes some influential games. <a href="/wiki/Super_Mario_Bros." title="Super Mario Bros.">Super Mario Bros.</a> is the forerunner of <a href="/wiki/Side-scrolling_video_game" title="Side-scrolling video game">side-scrolling games</a>, while <a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Zelda_(video_game)" title="The Legend of Zelda (video game)">The Legend of Zelda</a> had mostly influenced <a href="/wiki/Action-adventure_game" title="Action-adventure game">action-adventure games</a> and helped popularizing the <a href="/wiki/Saved_game" title="Saved game">save data</a> in video games. Other two influential games are <a href="/wiki/Metroid_(video_game)" title="Metroid (video game)">Metroid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Castlevania_(1986_video_game)" title="Castlevania (1986 video game)">Castlevania</a>, which had established the <a href="/wiki/Metroidvania" title="Metroidvania">Metroidvania</a> genre.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 2011, <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a> named the NES the greatest video game console of all time.<a href="#cite_note-198">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emulation">Emulation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Emulation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_video_game_console_emulators#Nintendo" title="List of video game console emulators">List of video game console emulators § Nintendo</a></div> The NES can be <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console_emulator" title="Video game console emulator">emulated</a> on many other systems. The first emulator was the Japanese-only Pasofami. It was soon followed by iNES, which is available in English and is cross-platform, in 1996. It was described as being the first NES emulation software that could be used by a non-expert.<a href="#cite_note-iNES-199">[185]</a> The first version of <a href="/wiki/NESticle" title="NESticle">NESticle</a>, an unofficial <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a>-based emulator, was released on April 3, 1997. Nintendo offers licensed emulation of some NES games via its <a href="/wiki/Virtual_Console" title="Virtual Console">Virtual Console</a> service for the <a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_3DS" title="Nintendo 3DS">Nintendo 3DS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wii_U" title="Wii U">Wii U</a>, and via its <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch" title="Nintendo Switch">Nintendo Switch</a> <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch_Online" title="Nintendo Switch Online">Online</a> service.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Re-release">Re-release</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Re-release">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/NES_Classic_Edition" title="NES Classic Edition">NES Classic Edition</a></div> On July 14, 2016, Nintendo announced the November 2016 launch of a miniature replica of the NES, named the Nintendo Entertainment System: NES Classic Edition in the United States and Nintendo Classic Mini: Nintendo Entertainment System in Europe and Australia.<a href="#cite_note-200">[186]</a> The emulation-based console includes 30 permanently bundled games from the vintage NES library, including the <a href="/wiki/Super_Mario_Bros." title="Super Mario Bros.">Super Mario Bros.</a> series and <a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Zelda" title="The Legend of Zelda">The Legend of Zelda</a> series. The system has <a href="/wiki/HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a> display output and a new replica controller, which can also connect to the <a href="/wiki/Wii_Remote" title="Wii Remote">Wii Remote</a> for use with <a href="/wiki/Virtual_Console" title="Virtual Console">Virtual Console</a> games.<a href="#cite_note-201">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[188]</a> It was discontinued in North America on April 13, 2017, and worldwide on April 15, 2017. However, Nintendo announced in September 2017 that the NES Classic Mini would return to production on June 29, 2018, only to be discontinued again permanently by December of that year.<a href="#cite_note-203">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shanley-204">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nintendo" title="History of Nintendo">History of Nintendo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_hard" title="Nintendo hard">Nintendo hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_World_Championships" title="Nintendo World Championships">Nintendo World Championships</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> For distribution purposes, most of Europe and Australasia were divided into two regions by Nintendo. The first of these regions consisted of mainland Europe (excluding Italy) and Scandinavia, which saw the NES released from 1986 to 1988, depending on the country. The console was released in the second region, consisting of the United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy, Australia, and New Zealand, in 1987. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> For distribution purposes, most of Europe and Australasia were divided into two regions by Nintendo. The first of these regions consisted of mainland Europe (excluding Italy) and Scandinavia, which saw the NES released from 1986 to 1988, depending on the country. The console was released in the second region, consisting of the United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy, Australia, and New Zealand, in 1987. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> The 2A03 is in NTSC consoles, and the 2A07 is in PAL consoles. Both CPUs are based on the <a href="/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502" title="MOS Technology 6502">MOS Technology 6502</a>; see <a href="#Technical_specifications">technical specifications</a> section. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> The original Famicom has two hardwired game controllers and a single port for additional input devices. See <a href="#Game_controllers">game controllers</a> section. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> The NES was the overall bestselling system worldwide of its time. In Japan and the United States, it controlled 85-90% of the market.<a href="#cite_note-Game_Over-14">[9]</a>: 349  In Europe, it was at most in 10-12% of households.<a href="#cite_note-Game_Over-14">[9]</a>: 413–414  Nintendo sold 61.91 million NES units worldwide: 19.35 million in Japan, 34 million in the Americas, and 8.56 million in other regions.<a href="#cite_note-consolidated_sales-8">[6]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sharp-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sharp_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sharp_33-1">b</a> The "Famicom" name was prevalent among the general public in Japan, but Nintendo solely used the "Family Computer" moniker there because <a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp Corporation</a> held the similarly-pronounced "Famicon" trademark for its Family Convection Oven, a <a href="/wiki/Microwave_oven" title="Microwave oven">microwave oven</a> released in 1979 that was classified as a "consumer electronic device". As such, Nintendo could not reuse the trademark under Japanese law due to the overlap in classification between the two products. Sharp eventually transferred the trademark to Nintendo on October 17, 1985, but the latter retained the "Family Computer" moniker until the console's discontinuation; the former used the "Famicom" name for all of its licensed console variants.<a href="#cite_note-32">[26]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Atari broke off negotiations with Nintendo in response to <a href="/wiki/Coleco" title="Coleco">Coleco</a>'s unveiling of an unlicensed port of Donkey Kong for its <a href="/wiki/Coleco_Adam" title="Coleco Adam">Coleco Adam</a> computer system. Although the game had been produced without Nintendo's permission or support, Atari took its release as a sign that Nintendo was dealing with one of its major competitors in the market.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate_History-39">[31]</a>: 283–285  </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_Jr._Math" title="Donkey Kong Jr. Math">Donkey Kong Jr. Math</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mach_Rider" title="Mach Rider">Mach Rider</a> are often erroneously listed as launch games. Neither was available until later in 1986.<a href="#cite_note-Dayton,_David_2010-55">[46]</a> Also, some modern sources question if Super Mario Bros. was available on launch day, though contemporaneous sources such as Computer Entertainer and The Milwaukee Journal state that the system launched with 17 titles, and the Journal references Super Mario Bros. by name.<a href="#cite_note-Nintendo_Launching_NES-54">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dayton,_David_2010-55">[46]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: 현대 컴보이; <a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">RR</a>: Hyeondae Keomboi </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> French NES consoles include an <abbr title="audiovisual">AV</abbr> port that outputs <a href="/wiki/Component_video#RGB_analog_component_video" title="Component video">RGB video</a> via a <a href="/wiki/SCART" title="SCART">SCART</a> connector; however, it is not true RGB video output as the PPU natively outputs composite video in consumer home console models.<a href="#cite_note-NintendojoFR_–_Video_output-114">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[112]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> The original Famicom's controller cables extend into the console itself, connecting to the front of the motherboard. Nintendo considered the idea of detachable controllers, but ultimately scrapped it to reduce production costs.<a href="#cite_note-Altice_–_356-129">[117]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> Nintendo officially referred to such chips as "memory management controllers" (MMC); they were originally described as "multi-memory controllers" in their patents.<a href="#cite_note-158">[145]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transliterations">Transliterations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Transliterations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: ファミリーコンピュータ (ファミコン), <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn</a>: Famirī Konpyūta </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: 家庭用カセット式ビデオゲーム　ファミリーコンピュータ, <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn</a>: Katei-yō Kasetto-Shiki Bideo Gēmu: Famirī Konpyūta </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKohler2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Kohler, Chris (October 18, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2010/10/1018nintendo-nes-launches/">"Oct. 18, 1985: Nintendo Entertainment System Launches"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">WIRED</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126134701/https://www.wired.com/2010/10/1018nintendo-nes-launches/">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WIRED&rft.atitle=Oct.+18%2C+1985%3A+Nintendo+Entertainment+System+Launches&rft.date=2010-10-18&rft.aulast=Kohler&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2010%2F10%2F1018nintendo-nes-launches%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTop_Hat_Gaming_Man2019" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Top Hat Gaming Man (April 28, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MwPXJOs0ixg">Hyundai Super Comboy - The Story of The Super Nintendo Console in South Korea!</a>. Event occurs at 7:48. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230626093344/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MwPXJOs0ixg">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2023 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hyundai+Super+Comboy+-+The+Story+of+The+Super+Nintendo+Console+in+South+Korea%21&rft.date=2019-04-28&rft.au=Top+Hat+Gaming+Man&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DMwPXJOs0ixg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/video-games-around-world-south-africa-joshua-rogers/">"Video Games Around the World: South Africa"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220925153658/https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/video-games-around-world-south-africa-joshua-rogers/">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2022. 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Retrieved June 7, 2019 – via Nikkei Trendy Net.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E6%97%A5%E7%B5%8C%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9&rft.atitle=%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E7%89%A9%E8%AA%9E&rft.date=1995-01-16&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5530170&rft.aulast=%E9%AB%98%E9%87%8E&rft.aufirst=%E9%9B%85%E6%99%B4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrendy.nikkeibp.co.jp%2Farticle%2Fspecial%2F20081002%2F1019378%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glitterberri.com/developer-interviews/how-the-famicom-was-born/synonymous-with-the-domestic-game-console/">GlitterBerri's Game Translations » Synonymous With the Domestic Game Console</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130329154852/http://www.glitterberri.com/developer-interviews/how-the-famicom-was-born/synonymous-with-the-domestic-game-console/">Archived</a> March 29, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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Roseville, California: Prima Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4"><bdi>0-7615-3643-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ultimate+History+of+Video+Games%3A+The+Story+Behind+the+Craze+that+Touched+our+Lives+and+Changed+the+World&rft.place=Roseville%2C+California&rft.pub=Prima+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7615-3643-4&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Steven+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_Yorker-40"><a href="#cite_ref-New_Yorker_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlt,_Matt2021" class="citation magazine cs1">Alt, Matt (December 14, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/postscript/a-tribute-to-the-nintendo-engineer-masayuki-uemura">"A Tribute to the Nintendo Engineer Masayuki Uemura"</a>. The New Yorker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240315012533/https://www.newyorker.com/culture/postscript/a-tribute-to-the-nintendo-engineer-masayuki-uemura">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2024. Retrieved April 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=A+Tribute+to+the+Nintendo+Engineer+Masayuki+Uemura&rft.date=2021-12-14&rft.au=Alt%2C+Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fculture%2Fpostscript%2Fa-tribute-to-the-nintendo-engineer-masayuki-uemura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMochizukiSavov2020" class="citation web cs1">Mochizuki, Takahashi; Savov, Vlad (August 25, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-08-19/epic-games-fortnite-battle-with-apple-and-google-can-be-traced-to-nintendo-tax">"Epic's Battle With Apple and Google Actually Dates Back to Pac-Man"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211106025128/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-08-19/epic-games-fortnite-battle-with-apple-and-google-can-be-traced-to-nintendo-tax">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=Epic%27s+Battle+With+Apple+and+Google+Actually+Dates+Back+to+Pac-Man&rft.date=2020-08-25&rft.aulast=Mochizuki&rft.aufirst=Takahashi&rft.au=Savov%2C+Vlad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2020-08-19%2Fepic-games-fortnite-battle-with-apple-and-google-can-be-traced-to-nintendo-tax&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988">(Subscription required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/electronic-games-magazine-1985-03/Electronic_Games_Issue_36_Vol_04_01_1985_Mar#page/n7/mode/2up">"Nintendo's Final Solution"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Games" title="Electronic Games">Electronic Games</a>. Vol. 4, no. 36. March 1985. p. 9. Retrieved February 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Games&rft.atitle=Nintendo%27s+Final+Solution&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=36&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1985-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Felectronic-games-magazine-1985-03%2FElectronic_Games_Issue_36_Vol_04_01_1985_Mar%23page%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConsalvo2006" class="citation journal cs1">Consalvo, Mia (2006). "Console video games and global corporations: Creating a hybrid culture". New Media & Society. 8 (1): 117–137. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1461444806059921">10.1177/1461444806059921</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1461-4448">1461-4448</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32331292">32331292</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Media+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Console+video+games+and+global+corporations%3A+Creating+a+hybrid+culture&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=117-137&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A32331292%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1461-4448&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1461444806059921&rft.aulast=Consalvo&rft.aufirst=Mia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988">(Subscription required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-Horowitz-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Horowitz_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Horowitz_45-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Horowitz_45-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Horowitz_45-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorowitz2020" class="citation book cs1">Horowitz, Ken (July 30, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UXD0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA115">"Nintendo "VS." the World"</a>. Beyond Donkey Kong: A History of Nintendo Arcade Games. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>. pp. 115–28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-4176-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-4176-8"><bdi>978-1-4766-4176-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230207094548/https://books.google.com/books?id=UXD0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA115">Archived</a> from the original on February 7, 2023. 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Retrieved April 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mashable&rft.atitle=30+years+later%2C+Nintendo+looks+back+at+when+NES+came+to+America&rft.date=2015-10-19&rft.aulast=Stark&rft.aufirst=Chelsea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmashable.com%2F2015%2F10%2F19%2Fnintendo-nes-launch-atari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/80s/1985/CB-1985-11-23.pdf#page=39">"Springsteen Sweeps JB Awards"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Cash_Box" class="mw-redirect" title="Cash Box">Cash Box</a>. 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Retrieved April 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+Donkey+Kong%3A+A+History+of+Nintendo+Arcade+Games&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2020-07-30&rft.isbn=978-1-4766-4176-8&rft.aulast=Horowitz&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUXD0DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-barr-interview-49"><a href="#cite_ref-barr-interview_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChad_Margetts_&_M._Noah_Ward2005" class="citation web cs1">Chad Margetts & M. Noah Ward (May 31, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160722231242/http://www.nintendojo.com/archives/interviews/view_item.php?1130801472">"Lance Barr Interview"</a>. Nintendojo. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nintendojo.com/archives/interviews/view_item.php?1130801472">the original</a> on July 22, 2016. 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Retrieved September 21, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=7+things+I+learned+from+the+designer+of+the+NES&rft.date=2015-10-18&rft.aulast=O%27Kane&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2015%2F10%2F18%2F9554885%2Fnintendo-entertainment-system-famicom-history-masayuki-uemura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vandal.elespanol.com/noticia/1350732228/las-razones-tras-el-diseno-occidental-de-la-nes-explicadas-por-su-responsable/">The reasons for NES' Western design, explained by its main developer</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200229214420/https://vandal.elespanol.com/noticia/1350732228/las-razones-tras-el-diseno-occidental-de-la-nes-explicadas-por-su-responsable/">Archived</a> February 29, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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CNET Networks. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031209124209/http://www.gamespot.com/all/news/news_6084885.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 9, 2003. Retrieved September 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GameSpot&rft.atitle=Spot+On%3A+Famicom+makes+history+in+Japan&rft.date=2003-12-02&rft.aulast=Tochen&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamespot.com%2Farticles%2Fspot-on-famicom-makes-history-in-japan%2F1100-6084885%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nlab.itmedia.co.jp/games/gsnews/0312/04/news05.html">"テレビゲームの展覧会「レベルX」本日から開催！"</a>. Softbank Games (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/Softbank_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Softbank Publishing">Softbank Publishing</a>. December 4, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220914011922/https://nlab.itmedia.co.jp/games/gsnews/0312/04/news05.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2022. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcworld.com/article/148391-7/inside_nintendos_classic_game_console.html">the original</a> on July 2, 2010. Retrieved June 23, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+World&rft.atitle=Inside+Nintendo%27s+Classic+Game+Console&rft.date=2008-08-07&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Benj&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcworld.com%2Farticle%2F148391-7%2Finside_nintendos_classic_game_console.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Edwards, Benj (October 14, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181004212131/https://www.pcworld.com/article/207891/inside_the_nes.html">"Inside the Nintendo Entertainment System"</a>. PC World. IDG. 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Retrieved August 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nintendo+Life&rft.atitle=Hardware+Classics%3A+Nintendo+AV+Famicom&rft.date=2013-02-18&rft.aulast=McFerran&rft.aufirst=Damien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nintendolife.com%2Fnews%2F2013%2F02%2Fhardware_classics_nintendo_av_famicom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharp_Corporation2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp Corporation [@SHARP_JP]</a> (October 25, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/SHARP_JP/status/393583362121551873">"ファミコン内蔵テレビ 19C-C1Fは1983年10月25日に発売（14型は一足はやく10/4発売）当初は「８ビットマイコン内蔵マイコンピュータテレビ」という名でデビュー。今年でちょうど、30周年です。"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) (in Japanese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220918180839/https://twitter.com/SHARP_JP/status/393583362121551873">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2022. 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Retrieved July 24, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Special+edition+Nintendo+Vans+prove+your+inner+nerd+never+died&rft.date=2016-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2016%2F06%2F01%2Fvans-nintendo-collection%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHagues2023" class="citation web cs1">Hagues, Alana (September 21, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2023/09/the-famicom-just-won-an-award-at-the-tokyo-game-awards-2023">"The Famicom Just Won An Award At The Tokyo Game Awards 2023"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Nintendo Life">Nintendo Life</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230921185021/https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2023/09/the-famicom-just-won-an-award-at-the-tokyo-game-awards-2023">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2023. Retrieved September 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nintendo+Life&rft.atitle=The+Famicom+Just+Won+An+Award+At+The+Tokyo+Game+Awards+2023&rft.date=2023-09-21&rft.aulast=Hagues&rft.aufirst=Alana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nintendolife.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F09%2Fthe-famicom-just-won-an-award-at-the-tokyo-game-awards-2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson2023" class="citation web cs1">Robinson, Andy (September 21, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/monster-hunter-rise-sunbreak-named-2023s-best-game-at-japan-game-awards/">"Monster Hunter Rise: Sunbreak named 2023's best game at Japan Game Awards"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Video_Games_Chronicle" title="Video Games Chronicle">Video Games Chronicle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230921185010/https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/monster-hunter-rise-sunbreak-named-2023s-best-game-at-japan-game-awards/">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2023. Retrieved September 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Video+Games+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Monster+Hunter+Rise%3A+Sunbreak+named+2023%27s+best+game+at+Japan+Game+Awards&rft.date=2023-09-21&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.videogameschronicle.com%2Fnews%2Fmonster-hunter-rise-sunbreak-named-2023s-best-game-at-japan-game-awards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/top-25-consoles/1.html">"Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) is number 1 – IGN"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a>. 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220710162108/https://www.ign.com/top-25-consoles/1.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 10, 2022. Retrieved July 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=Nintendo+Entertainment+System+%28NES%29+is+number+1+%E2%80%93+IGN&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Ftop-25-consoles%2F1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-iNES-199"><a href="#cite_ref-iNES_199-0">^</a> Fayzullin, Marat <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fms.komkon.org/iNES/">"iNES"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141211131614/http://fms.komkon.org/iNES/">Archived</a> December 11, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved on January 10, 2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiggs2016" class="citation news cs1">Biggs, Tim (July 15, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/technology/games/nintendo-announces-mini-nes-console-with-30-games-included-20160714-gq67aa.html">"Nintendo announces mini NES console with 30 games included"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160717091622/http://www.smh.com.au/technology/games/nintendo-announces-mini-nes-console-with-30-games-included-20160714-gq67aa.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 17, 2016. Retrieved July 15, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Nintendo+announces+mini+NES+console+with+30+games+included&rft.date=2016-07-15&rft.aulast=Biggs&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Ftechnology%2Fgames%2Fnintendo-announces-mini-nes-console-with-30-games-included-20160714-gq67aa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamen2016" class="citation news cs1">Kamen, Matt (July 14, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.co.uk/article/nintendos-classic-mini-brings-back-nes-masterpieces">"Nintendo unveils the Classic Mini loaded with 30 NES games"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180623004754/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/nintendos-classic-mini-brings-back-nes-masterpieces">Archived</a> from the original on June 23, 2018. Retrieved July 14, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nintendo+unveils+the+Classic+Mini+loaded+with+30+NES+games&rft.date=2016-07-14&rft.aulast=Kamen&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fnintendos-classic-mini-brings-back-nes-masterpieces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2016" class="citation news cs1">Paul, Ian (July 14, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcworld.com/article/3095790/hardware/nintendos-releasing-a-miniature-nes-console-packed-with-30-classic-games.html">"Nintendo's releasing a miniature NES console packed with 30 classic games"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160715075807/http://www.pcworld.com/article/3095790/hardware/nintendos-releasing-a-miniature-nes-console-packed-with-30-classic-games.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 15, 2016. Retrieved July 14, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nintendo%27s+releasing+a+miniature+NES+console+packed+with+30+classic+games&rft.date=2016-07-14&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcworld.com%2Farticle%2F3095790%2Fhardware%2Fnintendos-releasing-a-miniature-nes-console-packed-with-30-classic-games.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshcraft2017" class="citation web cs1">Ashcraft, Brian (September 12, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotaku.com/nintendo-bringing-back-the-nes-classic-in-2018-1803771394">"Nintendo Bringing Back The NES Classic In 2018"</a>. 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Retrieved August 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kotaku.com&rft.atitle=Nintendo+Bringing+Back+The+NES+Classic+In+2018&rft.date=2017-09-12&rft.aulast=Ashcraft&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotaku.com%2Fnintendo-bringing-back-the-nes-classic-in-2018-1803771394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shanley-204"><a href="#cite_ref-Shanley_204-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShanley2018" class="citation web cs1">Shanley, Patrick (December 11, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/nintendo-president-smash-bros-classic-console-future-switch-1167948">"Nintendo of America President on Switch's Big Risk, 'Smash Bros.' Success and Classic Consoles' Future"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181212064355/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/nintendo-president-smash-bros-classic-console-future-switch-1167948">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Nintendo+of+America+President+on+Switch%27s+Big+Risk%2C+%27Smash+Bros.%27+Success+and+Classic+Consoles%27+Future&rft.date=2018-12-11&rft.aulast=Shanley&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fheat-vision%2Fnintendo-president-smash-bros-classic-console-future-switch-1167948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSachiko1994" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sachiko, Sugai (September 12, 1994). "【任天堂「ファミコン」はこうして生まれた】第6回：業務用ゲーム機の挫折をバネにファミコンの実現に挑む" [How the Famicom Was Born – Making the Famicom a Reality]. Nikkei Electronics (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/Nikkei_Business_Publications" title="Nikkei Business Publications">Nikkei Business Publications</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nikkei+Electronics&rft.atitle=%E3%80%90%E4%BB%BB%E5%A4%A9%E5%A0%82%E3%80%8C%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AF%E3%81%93%E3%81%86%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E7%94%9F%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8C%E3%81%9F%E3%80%91+%E7%AC%AC6%E5%9B%9E%EF%BC%9A%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E7%94%A8%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E6%A9%9F%E3%81%AE%E6%8C%AB%E6%8A%98%E3%82%92%E3%83%90%E3%83%8D%E3%81%AB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AE%E5%AE%9F%E7%8F%BE%E3%81%AB%E6%8C%91%E3%82%80&rft.date=1994-09-12&rft.aulast=Sachiko&rft.aufirst=Sugai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheffEddy1999" class="citation book cs1">Sheff, David; Eddy, Andy (April 1, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/0966961706">Game Over, Press Start to Continue: How Nintendo Conquered the World</a>. Cyber Active. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0966961706" title="Special:BookSources/0966961706"><bdi>0966961706</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Game+Over%2C+Press+Start+to+Continue%3A+How+Nintendo+Conquered+the+World&rft.pub=Cyber+Active&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.isbn=0966961706&rft.aulast=Sheff&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Eddy%2C+Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F0966961706&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAltice2015" class="citation book cs1">Altice, Nathan (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GBXqCAAAQBAJ">I Am Error: The Nintendo Family Computer/Entertainment System Platform</a>. <a href="/wiki/MIT_Press" title="MIT Press">MIT Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-02877-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-02877-6"><bdi>978-0-262-02877-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200111212138/https://books.google.com/books?id=GBXqCAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved September 2, 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+Am+Error%3A+The+Nintendo+Family+Computer%2FEntertainment+System+Platform&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-262-02877-6&rft.aulast=Altice&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGBXqCAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Famicom_and_variants" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Famicom and variants">Famicom and variants</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/NES_Programming" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:NES Programming">NES Programming</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kizTv0SmD20">Famicom – Nintendo's Family Computer</a> (video). FamicomDojo.TV. March 18, 2015. Retrieved November 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Famicom+%E2%80%93+Nintendo%27s+Family+Computer&rft.pub=FamicomDojo.TV&rft.date=2015-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DkizTv0SmD20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071020045136/http://www.nintendo.com/systemsclassic?type=nes">"Nintendo Entertainment System"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nintendo.com/systemsclassic?type=nes">the original</a> on October 20, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nintendo+Entertainment+System&rft.pub=Nintendo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nintendo.com%2Fsystemsclassic%3Ftype%3Dnes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070317023021/http://www.nintendo.com/doc/nes_games.pdf">"NES game list"</a> (PDF). March 17, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nintendo.com/doc/nes_games.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on March 17, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NES+game+list&rft.date=2007-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nintendo.com%2Fdoc%2Fnes_games.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANintendo+Entertainment+System" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nintendo.com/nes-classic">NES Classic Edition official website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200812232126/https://www.nintendo.com/nes-classic/">Archived</a> August 12, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nintendo.com/jp/famicom/index.html">Famicom official website</a> (Japanese)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Template:Nintendo Entertainment System"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Template talk:Nintendo Entertainment System"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nintendo Entertainment System"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nintendo_Entertainment_System" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nintendo Entertainment System</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="History of the Nintendo Entertainment System">History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nintendo_Entertainment_System_accessories" title="List of Nintendo Entertainment System accessories">Accessories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nintendo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Famicom_Disk_System" title="Famicom Disk System">Famicom Disk System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famicom_Data_Recorder" title="Famicom Data Recorder">Famicom Data Recorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Computer_Network_System" title="Family Computer Network System">Famicom Modem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_BASIC" title="Family BASIC">Family BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famicom_3D_System" title="Famicom 3D System">Famicom 3D System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NES_Advantage" title="NES Advantage">NES Advantage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NES_Four_Score" title="NES Four Score">NES Four Score</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NES_Satellite" title="NES Satellite">NES Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NES_Zapper" title="NES Zapper">NES Zapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Pad" title="Power Pad">Power Pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R.O.B." title="R.O.B.">R.O.B.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third-party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aladdin_Deck_Enhancer" title="Aladdin Deck Enhancer">Aladdin Deck Enhancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Genie" title="Game Genie">Game Genie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homework_First" title="Homework First">Homework First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaserScope" title="LaserScope">LaserScope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_Piano_Teaching_System" title="Miracle Piano Teaching System">Miracle Piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Glove" title="Power Glove">Power Glove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleplay_Modem" title="Teleplay Modem">Teleplay Modem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo_Touch_360" title="Turbo Touch 360">Turbo Touch 360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbotronic" title="Turbotronic">Turbotronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-Force" title="U-Force">U-Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ricoh_2A03" title="Ricoh 2A03">Ricoh 2A03</a> microprocessor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System_Game_Pak" title="Nintendo Entertainment System Game Pak">Game Pak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIC_(Nintendo)" title="CIC (Nintendo)">CIC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nintendo_Entertainment_System_games" title="List of Nintendo Entertainment System games">List of NES games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Nintendo_Entertainment_System_video_games" title="List of best-selling Nintendo Entertainment System video games">best-selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Famicom_Disk_System_games" title="List of Famicom Disk System games">Famicom Disk System games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cancelled_NES_games" title="List of cancelled NES games">Cancelled</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variations and <a href="/wiki/Famiclone" title="Famiclone">hardware clones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System_models" title="Nintendo Entertainment System models">Official models</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NES_Classic_Edition" title="NES Classic Edition">NES Classic Edition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_Genius" title="Micro Genius">Micro Genius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dendy" title="Dendy">Dendy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus_(console)" title="Pegasus (console)">Pegasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analogue_Nt" title="Analogue Nt">Analogue Nt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analogue_Nt_Mini" title="Analogue Nt Mini">Analogue Nt Mini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminator_2_(console)" title="Terminator 2 (console)">Terminator 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Axe" title="Game Axe">Game Axe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Games_Corp._v._Nintendo_of_America_Inc." title="Atari Games Corp. v. Nintendo of America Inc.">Atari Games Corp. v. Nintendo of America Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_VS._System" title="Nintendo VS. System">Nintendo VS. System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_hard" title="Nintendo hard">Nintendo hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Quest" title="Nintendo Quest">Nintendo Quest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Cereal_System" title="Nintendo Cereal System">Nintendo Cereal System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NES_Remix" title="NES Remix">NES Remix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Preceded by <a href="/wiki/Color_TV-Game" title="Color TV-Game">Color TV-Game</a> • Succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">Super Nintendo Entertainment System</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nintendo_video_game_hardware" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nintendo_hardware" title="Template:Nintendo hardware"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nintendo_hardware" title="Template talk:Nintendo hardware"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nintendo_hardware" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nintendo hardware"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nintendo_video_game_hardware" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nintendo_products" title="List of Nintendo products">Nintendo video game hardware</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_video_game_consoles" title="Nintendo video game consoles">Consoles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Home</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NES</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System_models" title="Nintendo Entertainment System models">official models</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">Super NES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64" title="Nintendo 64">Nintendo 64</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IQue_Player" title="IQue Player">iQue Player</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GameCube" title="GameCube">GameCube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wii_U" title="Wii U">Wii U</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Handheld</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_Boy" title="Game Boy">Game Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Boy_Color" title="Game Boy Color">Game Boy Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Boy_Advance" title="Game Boy Advance">Game Boy Advance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_Boy_Advance_SP" title="Game Boy Advance SP">SP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Boy_Micro" title="Game Boy Micro">Micro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon_Mini" title="Pokémon Mini">Pokémon Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_DS" title="Nintendo DS">Nintendo DS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_DS_Lite" title="Nintendo DS Lite">Lite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_DSi" title="Nintendo DSi">DSi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_3DS" title="Nintendo 3DS">Nintendo 3DS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_2DS" title="Nintendo 2DS">2DS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nintendo_3DS" title="New Nintendo 3DS">New 3DS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nintendo_2DS_XL" title="New Nintendo 2DS XL">New 2DS XL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch_Lite" class="mw-redirect" title="Nintendo Switch Lite">Switch Lite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portable</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_Boy" title="Virtual Boy">Virtual Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch" title="Nintendo Switch">Switch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dedicated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Home</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_TV-Game" title="Color TV-Game">Color TV-Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NES_Classic_Edition" title="NES Classic Edition">NES Classic Edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_NES_Classic_Edition" title="Super NES Classic Edition">Super NES Classic Edition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Handheld</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_%26_Watch" title="Game & Watch">Game & Watch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Mini_Classics" title="Nintendo Mini Classics">Mini Classics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon_Pikachu" title="Pokémon Pikachu">Pokémon Pikachu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peripherals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nintendo_Entertainment_System_accessories" title="List of Nintendo Entertainment System accessories">NES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System_accessories" title="List of Super Nintendo Entertainment System accessories">Super NES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64_accessories" title="Nintendo 64 accessories">N64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Boy_accessories" title="Game Boy accessories">Game Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GameCube_accessories" title="GameCube accessories">GCN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nintendo_DS_accessories" title="List of Nintendo DS accessories">DS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-party_accessories_for_the_Wii_Remote" title="Third-party accessories for the Wii Remote">Wii Remote</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Add-ons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Famicom_Data_Recorder" title="Famicom Data Recorder">Famicom Data Recorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famicom_Disk_System" title="Famicom Disk System">Famicom Disk System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famicom_3D_System" title="Famicom 3D System">Famicom 3D System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_NES_CD-ROM" title="Super NES CD-ROM">Super NES CD-ROM</a> (unreleased)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Game_Boy" title="Super Game Boy">Super Game Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumble_Pak" title="Rumble Pak">Rumble Pak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Boy_Camera" title="Game Boy Camera">Game Boy Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Boy_Printer" title="Game Boy Printer">Game Boy Printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_Pak" title="Transfer Pak">Transfer Pak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/64DD" title="64DD">64DD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_e-Reader" title="Nintendo e-Reader">e-Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Boy_Player" title="Game Boy Player">Game Boy Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wii_MotionPlus" title="Wii MotionPlus">Wii MotionPlus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connectivity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NES_Satellite" title="NES Satellite">NES Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NES_Four_Score" title="NES Four Score">NES Four Score</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Link_Cable" title="Game Link Cable">Game Link Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GameCube_%E2%80%93_Game_Boy_Advance_link_cable" title="GameCube – Game Boy Advance link cable">GCN – GBA Link Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Boy_Advance_Wireless_Adapter" title="Game Boy Advance Wireless Adapter">GBA Wireless Adapter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nintendo_controllers" title="List of Nintendo controllers">Controllers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NES_Zapper" title="NES Zapper">NES Zapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_BASIC" title="Family BASIC">Family BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R.O.B." title="R.O.B.">R.O.B.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NES_Advantage" title="NES Advantage">NES Advantage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_NES_Mouse" title="Super NES Mouse">Super NES Mouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Scope" title="Super Scope">Super Scope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64_controller" title="Nintendo 64 controller">Nintendo 64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GameCube_controller" title="GameCube controller">GameCube</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WaveBird_Wireless_Controller" title="WaveBird Wireless Controller">WaveBird Wireless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wii_Remote" title="Wii Remote">Wii Remote</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Controller" title="Classic Controller">Classic Controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wii_Zapper" title="Wii Zapper">Wii Zapper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wii_Balance_Board" title="Wii Balance Board">Wii Balance Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wii_U_GamePad" title="Wii U GamePad">Wii U GamePad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wii_U_Pro_Controller" title="Wii U Pro Controller">Wii U Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy-Con" title="Joy-Con">Joy-Con</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch_Pro_Controller" title="Nintendo Switch Pro Controller">Nintendo Switch Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pok%C3%A9_Ball_Plus" title="Poké Ball Plus">Poké Ball Plus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Networking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_Computer_Network_System" title="Family Computer Network System">Family Computer Network System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellaview" title="Satellaview">Satellaview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Wi-Fi_USB_Connector" title="Nintendo Wi-Fi USB Connector">Nintendo Wi-Fi USB Connector</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Power_(cartridge)" title="Nintendo Power (cartridge)">Nintendo Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wii_Speak" title="Wii Speak">Wii Speak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiibo" title="Amiibo">Amiibo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arcade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_VS._System" title="Nintendo VS. System">VS. System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayChoice-10" class="mw-redirect" title="PlayChoice-10">PlayChoice-10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Integrated circuits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ricoh_2A03" title="Ricoh 2A03">2A03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricoh_5A22" title="Ricoh 5A22">5A22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIC_(Nintendo)" title="CIC (Nintendo)">CIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Super_NES_enhancement_chips" title="List of Super NES enhancement chips">Super NES enhancement chips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Super_FX" title="Super FX">Super FX</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GameCube_technical_specifications" title="GameCube technical specifications">GameCube technical specifications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gekko_(processor)" title="Gekko (processor)">Gekko</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_(processor)" title="Broadway (processor)">Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_(graphics_chip)" title="Hollywood (graphics chip)">Hollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICA200" title="PICA200">PICA200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espresso_(processor)" title="Espresso (processor)">Espresso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegra_X1" class="mw-redirect" title="Tegra X1">Tegra X1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_Pak" title="Game Pak">Game Pak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System_Game_Pak" title="Nintendo Entertainment System Game Pak">NES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System_Game_Pak" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System Game Pak">Super NES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Boy_Game_Pak" title="Game Boy Game Pak">Game Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64_Game_Pak" title="Nintendo 64 Game Pak">N64</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Boy_Advance_Video" title="Game Boy Advance Video">Game Boy Advance Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Play-Yan" title="Play-Yan">Play-Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_optical_discs" title="Nintendo optical discs">Nintendo optical discs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Game_Card" title="Nintendo Game Card">Nintendo Game Card</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Video_game_consoles_(third_generation)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Video_game_consoles" title="Template:Video game consoles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Video_game_consoles" title="Template talk:Video game consoles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Video_game_consoles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Video game consoles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Video_game_consoles_(third_generation)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">Video game consoles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Third_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Third generation of video game consoles">third generation</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Form factor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">Home video game console</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microconsole" title="Microconsole">Microconsole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handheld_game_console" title="Handheld game console">Handheld game console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console#Hybrid_video_game_console" title="Video game console">Hybrid video game console</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Functionality</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dedicated_console" title="Dedicated console">Dedicated console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console#Retro_style_console" title="Video game console">Retro style console</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console_generations" class="mw-redirect" title="Home video game console generations">Generations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="First generation of video game consoles">First (1972–1980)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Second generation of video game consoles">Second (1976–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Third generation of video game consoles">Third (1983–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fourth generation of video game consoles">Fourth (1987–2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fifth generation of video game consoles">Fifth (1993–2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Sixth generation of video game consoles">Sixth (1998–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Seventh generation of video game consoles">Seventh (2005–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Eighth generation of video game consoles">Eighth (2012–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Ninth generation of video game consoles">Ninth (2020–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Home</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Max" title="Action Max">Action Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amstrad_GX4000" title="Amstrad GX4000">Amstrad GX4000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_7800" title="Atari 7800">Atari 7800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_XEGS" title="Atari XEGS">Atari XE Games System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PV-1000" title="PV-1000">Casio PV-1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_64_Games_System" title="Commodore 64 Games System">Commodore 64 Games System</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nintendo Entertainment System</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System_(Model_NES-101)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nintendo Entertainment System (Model NES-101)">NES-101</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halcyon_(console)" title="Halcyon (console)">RDI Halcyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_System" title="Master System">Master System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SG-1000" title="SG-1000">SG-1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Cassette_Vision" title="Super Cassette Vision">Super Cassette Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTech_Socrates" title="VTech Socrates">VTech Socrates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dedicated_video_game_consoles" title="List of dedicated video game consoles">Dedicated video game consoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_handheld_game_consoles" title="List of handheld game consoles">Handheld game consoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_home_video_game_consoles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of home video game consoles">Home video game consoles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_microconsoles" title="List of microconsoles">Microconsoles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_retro_style_video_game_consoles" title="List of retro style video game consoles">Retro style video game consoles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/Second_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Second generation of video game consoles">← Second generation</a></div> <div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fourth generation of video game consoles">Fourth generation →</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console_emulator" title="Video game console emulator">Emulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Console_game" title="Console game">Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_console_gaming" title="Online console gaming">Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_video_game_consoles" title="History of video game consoles">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_video_game_consoles" title="Lists of video game consoles">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Console_manufacturer" class="mw-redirect" title="Console manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Home_video_game_consoles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Home_video_game_consoles" title="Template:Home video game consoles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Home_video_game_consoles" title="Template talk:Home video game consoles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Home_video_game_consoles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Home video game consoles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Home_video_game_consoles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">Home video game consoles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atari" title="Atari">Atari</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atari_2600" title="Atari 2600">Atari 2600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_5200" title="Atari 5200">Atari 5200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_7800" title="Atari 7800">Atari 7800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_XEGS" title="Atari XEGS">XEGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Jaguar" title="Atari Jaguar">Jaguar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Flashback" title="Atari Flashback">Flashback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_VCS_(2021_console)" title="Atari VCS (2021 console)">VCS (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_2600%2B" title="Atari 2600+">2600+</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bandai" title="Bandai">Bandai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandai_Super_Vision_8000" title="Bandai Super Vision 8000">Super Vision 8000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadia_2001#Bandai_Arcadia" title="Arcadia 2001">Arcadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandai_RX-78" title="Bandai RX-78">RX-78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playdia" title="Playdia">Playdia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Pippin" title="Apple Pippin">Apple Pippin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terebikko" title="Terebikko">Terebikko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Casio" title="Casio">Casio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PV-1000" title="PV-1000">PV-1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casio_Loopy" title="Casio Loopy">Casio Loopy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coleco" title="Coleco">Coleco</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coleco_Telstar_Arcade" title="Coleco Telstar Arcade">Coleco Telstar Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ColecoVision" title="ColecoVision">ColecoVision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commodore_International" title="Commodore International">Commodore</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_64_Games_System" title="Commodore 64 Games System">Commodore 64 Games System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_CDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodore CDTV">CDTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32">Amiga CD32</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Epoch_Co." title="Epoch Co.">Epoch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassette_Vision" title="Cassette Vision">Cassette Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Cassette_Vision" title="Super Cassette Vision">Super Cassette Vision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/LeapFrog_Enterprises" title="LeapFrog Enterprises">LeapFrog</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leapster" title="Leapster">Leapster TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ClickStart" title="ClickStart">ClickStart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeapTV" title="LeapTV">LeapTV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mattel" title="Mattel">Mattel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intellivision" title="Intellivision">Intellivision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HyperScan" title="HyperScan">HyperScan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> (<a href="/wiki/Xbox" title="Xbox">Xbox</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_(console)" title="Xbox (console)">Xbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_One" title="Xbox One">Xbox One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_Series_X_and_Series_S" title="Xbox Series X and Series S">Xbox Series X/S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TurboGrafx-16" title="TurboGrafx-16">PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PC-FX" title="PC-FX">PC-FX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Family Computer/Nintendo Entertainment System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">Super Famicom/Super NES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64" title="Nintendo 64">Nintendo 64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GameCube" title="GameCube">GameCube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wii_U" title="Wii U">Wii U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch" title="Nintendo Switch">Switch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3DO_Interactive_Multiplayer" class="mw-redirect" title="3DO Interactive Multiplayer">3DO Interactive Multiplayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Q" class="mw-redirect" title="Panasonic Q">Panasonic Q</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey" title="Magnavox Odyssey">Magnavox Odyssey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey_2" title="Magnavox Odyssey 2">Odyssey 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philips_Videopac%2B_G7400" title="Philips Videopac+ G7400">Videopac+ G7400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD-i" title="CD-i">CD-i</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RCA_Studio_II" title="RCA Studio II">RCA Studio II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuon_(DVD_technology)" title="Nuon (DVD technology)">RCA Nuon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SG-1000" title="SG-1000">SG-1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_System" title="Master System">Master System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_Genesis" title="Sega Genesis">Mega Drive/Genesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sega_CD" title="Sega CD">Sega CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32X" title="32X">32X</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_Saturn" title="Sega Saturn">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreamcast" title="Dreamcast">Dreamcast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SNK" title="SNK">SNK</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neo_Geo" title="Neo Geo">Neo Geo</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo_Geo_(system)" title="Neo Geo (system)">Neo Geo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_Geo_CD" title="Neo Geo CD">Neo Geo CD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> (<a href="/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation">PlayStation</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">PlayStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4" title="PlayStation 4">PlayStation 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_5" title="PlayStation 5">PlayStation 5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/VTech" title="VTech">VTech</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VTech_CreatiVision" title="VTech CreatiVision">CreatiVision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTech_Socrates" title="VTech Socrates">Socrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V.Smile" title="V.Smile">V.Smile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V.Flash" title="V.Flash">V.Flash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APF-MP1000" title="APF-MP1000">APF-MP1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bally_Astrocade" title="Bally Astrocade">Bally Astrocade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Channel_F" title="Fairchild Channel F">Fairchild Channel F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interton_Video_Computer_4000" title="Interton Video Computer 4000">Interton VC 4000</a>/<a href="/wiki/1292_Advanced_Programmable_Video_System" title="1292 Advanced Programmable Video System">1292 Advanced Programmable Video System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Max" title="Action Max">Action Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadia_2001" title="Arcadia 2001">Arcadia 2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gakken_Compact_Vision_TV_Boy" title="Gakken Compact Vision TV Boy">Gakken Compact Vision TV Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halcyon_(console)" title="Halcyon (console)">RDI Halcyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vectrex" title="Vectrex">Vectrex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/View-Master_Interactive_Vision" title="View-Master Interactive Vision">View-Master Interactive Vision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amstrad_GX4000" title="Amstrad GX4000">Amstrad GX4000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Pippin" title="Apple Pippin">Apple Pippin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP_System#Capcom_Power_System_Changer" title="CP System">CPS Changer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_Towns_Marty" title="FM Towns Marty">FM Towns Marty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GoldStar" title="GoldStar">Goldstar</a> (<a href="/wiki/3DO_Interactive_Multiplayer" class="mw-redirect" title="3DO Interactive Multiplayer">3DO Interactive Multiplayer</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaserActive" title="LaserActive">LaserActive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanyo" title="Sanyo">Sanyo</a> (<a href="/wiki/3DO_Interactive_Multiplayer" class="mw-redirect" title="3DO Interactive Multiplayer">3DO Interactive Multiplayer</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_A%27Can" title="Super A'Can">Super A'Can</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DISCover" title="DISCover">DISCover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EVO_Smart_Console" title="EVO Smart Console">EVO Smart Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Wave_Family_Entertainment_System" title="Game Wave Family Entertainment System">Game Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperscan">Hyperscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavix" title="Xavix">Xavix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeebo" title="Zeebo">Zeebo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CT510" title="CT510">CT510</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_Machine_(hardware_platform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam Machine (hardware platform)">Steam Machine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polymega" title="Polymega">Polymega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evercade_VS" title="Evercade VS">Evercade VS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_home_video_game_consoles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of home video game consoles">List</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/19px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/29px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/38px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="249" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Video_games" title="Portal:Video games">Video games</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/19px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/29px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/38px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Electronics" title="Portal:Electronics">Electronics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/17px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/26px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/34px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="530" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s" title="Portal:1980s">1980s</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:EC1835_C_cut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/16px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/24px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/32px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:1990s" title="Portal:1990s">1990s</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172742#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4518195-0">Germany</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&oldid=1258150568">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nintendo_Entertainment_System&oldid=1258150568</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Category:Nintendo Entertainment System">Nintendo Entertainment System</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Home_video_game_consoles" title="Category:Home video game consoles">Home video game consoles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Third-generation_video_game_consoles" title="Category:Third-generation video game consoles">Third-generation video game consoles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1983_in_video_gaming" title="Category:1983 in video gaming">1983 in video gaming</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_in_video_gaming" title="Category:1980s in video gaming">1980s in video gaming</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990s_in_video_gaming" title="Category:1990s in video gaming">1990s in video gaming</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2000s_in_video_gaming" title="Category:2000s in video gaming">2000s in video gaming</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_toys" title="Category:1980s toys">1980s toys</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990s_toys" title="Category:1990s toys">1990s toys</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2000s_toys" title="Category:2000s toys">2000s toys</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer-related_introductions_in_1983" title="Category:Computer-related introductions in 1983">Computer-related introductions in 1983</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Products_introduced_in_1983" title="Category:Products introduced in 1983">Products introduced in 1983</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Products_introduced_in_1985" title="Category:Products introduced in 1985">Products introduced in 1985</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Products_introduced_in_1986" title="Category:Products introduced in 1986">Products introduced in 1986</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Products_and_services_discontinued_in_2003" title="Category:Products and services discontinued in 2003">Products and services discontinued in 2003</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1995_disestablishments_in_North_America" title="Category:1995 disestablishments in North America">1995 disestablishments in North America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2003_disestablishments_in_Japan" title="Category:2003 disestablishments in Japan">2003 disestablishments in Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Discontinued_video_game_consoles" 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188.292 1 Template:Infobox_information_appliance"," 7.94% 181.989 1 Template:Infobox"," 7.28% 166.871 29 Template:Rp"," 6.92% 158.555 31 Template:R/superscript"," 5.26% 120.539 11 Template:Sfn"," 4.90% 112.264 27 Template:Cite_news"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.292","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22117646,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAlt,_Matt2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAltice2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlwani2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAshcraft2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarboni2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBertoli2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBiggs2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBivens2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBjarneby2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrooks1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurnham2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChad_Margetts_\u0026amp;_M._Noah_Ward2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConsalvo2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCunningham2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDayton,_David2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdwards2005\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFEdwards2006\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFEdwards2007\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFEdwards2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdwards2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEglowstein1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFerrell,_Keith1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrankSarkar2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreitag1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGallagher2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoss\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGutman1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHagues2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHatfield2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHiggins2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHill,_Kyle2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHilliard2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHongo2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHorowitz2020\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKamen2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeizer,_Gregg1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeizer,_Gregg1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKent2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKohler2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKohler2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKohler2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKohler2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKuchera2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKunkelWorleyKatz1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLane2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLane2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevin1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLinneman2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuna2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkley2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcClain2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcFerran2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcFerran2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGill1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMike\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMochizukiSavov2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMortal2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNakanishiNakagawa1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNelson2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNielsen,_Martin1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNiizumi2003\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFNoviello,_Renato2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNuttTurner2003\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Donnell2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Kane2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParish2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaul2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhillips2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlunkett2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPollack1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamirez1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobinson2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobinson2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSachiko1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanchez-Crespo2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScotti2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScullion2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSemrad1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShanley2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharp_Corporation2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSheff1993\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSheffEddy1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSketcz2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSkrebels2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStark2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStuart2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTochen2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTop_Hat_Gaming_Man2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTotilo2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurnerChristian_Nutt2003\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._Court_of_AppealsFederal_Circuit1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUemuraImanishi\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUrrea2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWelch2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFПичугин1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFウワーマン2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFウワーマン2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF川島2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF高野1995\"] = 2,\n [\"Game_controllers\"] = 1,\n [\"Later_redesigns_and_bundles\"] = 1,\n [\"North_American_bundle_packages\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"AU$\"] = 2,\n [\"Abbr\"] = 1,\n [\"Abbrlink\"] = 5,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Better source needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 16,\n [\"Cite episode\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite interview\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 32,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 27,\n [\"Cite patent\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite tweet\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 81,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 2,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 13,\n [\"End date\"] = 2,\n [\"Full citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 3,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 10,\n [\"Home video game consoles\"] = 1,\n [\"Indented plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox information appliance\"] = 1,\n [\"JPY\"] = 2,\n [\"Korean\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 6,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 4,\n [\"Nihongo foot\"] = 2,\n [\"Nintendo Entertainment System\"] = 1,\n [\"Nintendo hardware\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"R\"] = 2,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 2,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"Rp\"] = 29,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 11,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 2,\n [\"Start date\"] = 1,\n [\"Subscription required\"] = 2,\n [\"Third generation game consoles\"] = 1,\n [\"US$\"] = 11,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 1,\n [\"Unreliable source?\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Vgrelease\"] = 1,\n [\"Video game release\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 8,\n [\"Wikibooks\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","320","25.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","140","10.9"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","120","9.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","80","6.2"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","80","6.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","60","4.7"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","60","4.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","60","4.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","40","3.1"],["validateData \u003Cmw.lua:728\u003E","40","3.1"],["[others]","280","21.9"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-rbk6x","timestamp":"20241128020625","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Nintendo Entertainment System","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nintendo_Entertainment_System","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q172742","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q172742","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia 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