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ประธานาธิบดี - วิกิพีเดีย
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</div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-บทบาท" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#บทบาท"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>บทบาท</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-บทบาท-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-รายชื่อประธานาธิบดี" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#รายชื่อประธานาธิบดี"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>รายชื่อประธานาธิบดี</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-รายชื่อประธานาธิบดี-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ดูเพิ่ม" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ดูเพิ่ม"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>ดูเพิ่ม</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ดูเพิ่ม-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ประธานาธิบดี</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 142 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-142" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">142 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/President" title="President – แอฟริกานส์" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="President" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="แอฟริกานส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%95%E1%88%AC%E1%8B%9D%E1%8B%B3%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B5" title="ፕሬዝዳንት – อัมฮารา" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፕሬዝዳንት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="อัมฮารา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/President" title="President – อารากอน" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="President" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="อารากอน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foresittend" title="Foresittend – อังกฤษโบราณ" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Foresittend" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษโบราณ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="رئيس – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رئيس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%AB_%DC%A9%DC%98%DC%9B%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܪܝܫ ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ – อราเมอิก" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܪܝܫ ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="อราเมอิก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="رئيس – อาหรับพื้นเมืองอียิปต์" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رئيس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="อาหรับพื้นเมืองอียิปต์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente" title="Presidente – อัสตูเรียส" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Presidente" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="อัสตูเรียส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – อาวาร์" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="อาวาร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="राष्ट्रपति – อวธี" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="राष्ट्रपति" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="อวธี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezident" title="Prezident – อาเซอร์ไบจาน" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Prezident" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="อาเซอร์ไบจาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1" title="رئیسجومهور – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رئیسجومهور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – บัชคีร์" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="บัชคีร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiden" title="Presiden – บาตักโทบา" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Presiden" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="บาตักโทบา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Прэзідэнт – เบลารุส" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прэзідэнт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="เบลารุส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Прэзыдэнт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Прэзыдэнт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persid%C3%A8n" title="Persidèn – เบตาวี" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Persidèn" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="เบตาวี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – บัลแกเรีย" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="บัลแกเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="राष्ट्रपति – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="राष्ट्रपति" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamanatigi" title="Jamanatigi – บัมบารา" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Jamanatigi" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="บัมบารา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="রাষ্ট্রপতি – บังกลา" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাষ্ট্রপতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="บังกลา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezidant" title="Prezidant – เบรตัน" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Prezidant" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="เบรตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predsjednik" title="Predsjednik – บอสเนีย" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Predsjednik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="บอสเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%88%D1%8D" title="Юрэнхылэгшэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Юрэнхылэгшэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/President" title="President – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="President" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente" title="Presidente – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Presidente" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C5%ABng-t%C5%ABng" title="Cūng-tūng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cūng-tūng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – เชเชน" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="เชเชน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%A9_%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سەرۆک کۆمار – เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەرۆک کۆمار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezident" title="Prezident – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Prezident" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – ชูวัช" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ชูวัช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlywydd" title="Arlywydd – เวลส์" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Arlywydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="เวลส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A6sident" title="Præsident – เดนมาร์ก" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Præsident" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="เดนมาร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatspr%C3%A4sident" title="Staatspräsident – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Staatspräsident" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Πρόεδρος – กรีก" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρόεδρος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="กรีก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_(government_title)" title="President (government title) – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="President (government title)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezidanto_(respublikestro)" title="Prezidanto (respublikestro) – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Prezidanto (respublikestro)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente" title="Presidente – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Presidente" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/President" title="President – เอสโตเนีย" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="President" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="เอสโตเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehendakari" title="Lehendakari – บาสก์" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lehendakari" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="บาสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1" title="رئیسجمهور – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رئیسجمهور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidentti" title="Presidentti – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Presidentti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sident_d%27un_%C3%89tat" title="Président d'un État – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Président d'un État" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/President" title="President – ฟริเซียนเหนือ" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="President" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ฟริเซียนเหนือ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidint" title="Presidint – ฟริเซียนตะวันตก" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Presidint" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ฟริเซียนตะวันตก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uachtar%C3%A1n" title="Uachtarán – ไอริช" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Uachtarán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ไอริช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" title="總統 – จีนกั้น" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="總統" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="จีนกั้น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9zidan" title="Prézidan – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Prézidan" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidencia" title="Presidencia – กาลิเซีย" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Presidencia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="กาลิเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eaghtyrane" title="Eaghtyrane – มานซ์" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Eaghtyrane" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="มานซ์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BAng-th%C3%BAng" title="Chúng-thúng – จีนแคะ" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chúng-thúng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="จีนแคะ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90" title="נשיא – ฮิบรู" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נשיא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ฮิบรู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="राष्ट्रपति – ฮินดี" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="राष्ट्रपति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ฮินดี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predsjednik" title="Predsjednik – โครเอเชีย" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Predsjednik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezident" title="Prezident – ซอร์เบียตอนบน" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Prezident" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="ซอร์เบียตอนบน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezidan" title="Prezidan – เฮติครีโอล" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Prezidan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="เฮติครีโอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eln%C3%B6k" title="Elnök – ฮังการี" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elnök" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ฮังการี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B0" title="Նախագահ – อาร์เมเนีย" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նախագահ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="อาร์เมเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente" title="Presidente – อินเตอร์ลิงกัว" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Presidente" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="อินเตอร์ลิงกัว" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiden" title="Presiden – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Presiden" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente" title="Presidente – อีโลโก" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Presidente" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="อีโลโก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezidanto" title="Prezidanto – อีโด" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Prezidanto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="อีโด" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forseti" title="Forseti – ไอซ์แลนด์" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Forseti" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ไอซ์แลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente" title="Presidente – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Presidente" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%B5%B1%E9%A0%98" title="大統領 – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="大統領" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidh%C3%A8n" title="Présidhèn – ชวา" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Présidhèn" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ชวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="პრეზიდენტი – จอร์เจีย" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პრეზიდენტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="จอร์เจีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezident" title="Prezident – การา-กาลพาก" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Prezident" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="การา-กาลพาก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiden" title="Presiden – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Presiden" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – คาซัค" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="คาซัค" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%86%B5%EB%A0%B9" title="대통령 – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대통령" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – คาราไช-บัลคาร์" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="คาราไช-บัลคาร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serokkomar" title="Serokkomar – เคิร์ด" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Serokkomar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ด" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – คีร์กีซ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="คีร์กีซ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praeses" title="Praeses – ละติน" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Praeses" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ละติน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/President" title="President – ลิมเบิร์ก" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="President" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="ลิมเบิร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezid%C3%A1" title="Prezidá – ลิงกาลา" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Prezidá" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="ลิงกาลา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezidentas" title="Prezidentas – ลิทัวเนีย" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prezidentas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ลิทัวเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezidents" title="Prezidents – ลัตเวีย" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Prezidents" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ลัตเวีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiden" title="Presiden – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Presiden" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Претседател – มาซิโดเนีย" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Претседател" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="มาซิโดเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="പ്രസിഡന്റ് – มาลายาลัม" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രസിഡന്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="มาลายาลัม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%B3%D1%87" title="Ерөнхийлөгч – มองโกเลีย" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ерөнхийлөгч" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="มองโกเลีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7" title="राष्ट्राध्यक्ष – มราฐี" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="राष्ट्राध्यक्ष" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="มราฐี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiden" title="Presiden – มาเลย์" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Presiden" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="มาเลย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%99%E1%80%90_(%E1%80%A1%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8)" title="သမ္မတ (အစိုးရရာထူး) – พม่า" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သမ္မတ (အစိုးရရာထူး)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="พม่า" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlahtocatlahtoani" title="Tlahtocatlahtoani – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlahtocatlahtoani" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="राष्ट्रपति – เนปาล" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="राष्ट्रपति" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="เนปาล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/President" title="President – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="President" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/President" title="President – นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="President" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/President" title="President – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="President" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sident" title="Président – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Président" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/President" title="President – อ็อกซิตัน" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="President" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="อ็อกซิตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – ออสเซเตีย" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ออสเซเตีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80" title="ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰਪਤੀ – ปัญจาบ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰਪਤੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ปัญจาบ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente" title="Presidente – ปาเปียเมนโต" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Presidente" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="ปาเปียเมนโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezydent" title="Prezydent – โปแลนด์" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prezydent" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="โปแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="صدر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="صدر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="ولسمشر – พัชโต" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ولسمشر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="พัชโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente" title="Presidente – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Presidente" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umalliq" title="Umalliq – เคชวา" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Umalliq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="เคชวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre%C8%99edinte" title="Președinte – โรมาเนีย" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Președinte" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="โรมาเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Презідент – รูซิน" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Презідент" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="รูซิน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Бэрэсидьиэн – ซาคา" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Бэрэсидьиэн" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ซาคา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preses" title="Preses – สกอตส์" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Preses" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="สกอตส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predsjednik" title="Predsjednik – เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Predsjednik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/President" title="President – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="President" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezident" title="Prezident – สโลวัก" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prezident" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="สโลวัก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predsednik" title="Predsednik – สโลวีเนีย" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Predsednik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="สโลวีเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peresitene" title="Peresitene – ซามัว" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Peresitene" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="ซามัว" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madaxweyne" title="Madaxweyne – โซมาลี" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Madaxweyne" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="โซมาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Председник – เซอร์เบีย" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Председник" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="เซอร์เบีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_(politiskt_%C3%A4mbete)" title="President (politiskt ämbete) – สวีเดน" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="President (politiskt ämbete)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="สวีเดน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rais" title="Rais – สวาฮีลี" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Rais" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="สวาฮีลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/cung-tung" title="cung-tung – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="cung-tung" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%A7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81" title="అధ్యక్షుడు – เตลูกู" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అధ్యక్షుడు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="เตลูกู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_(%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Президент (унвони сарвари давлат) – ทาจิก" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Президент (унвони сарвари давлат)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ทาจิก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%95%E1%88%A8%E1%8B%9A%E1%8B%B0%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B5" title="ፕረዚደንት – ติกริญญา" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ፕረዚደንት" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="ติกริญญา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezident" title="Prezident – เติร์กเมน" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Prezident" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="เติร์กเมน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangulo" title="Pangulo – ตากาล็อก" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pangulo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ตากาล็อก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fkan" title="Başkan – ตุรกี" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Başkan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ตุรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – ตาตาร์" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ตาตาร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezident" title="Prezident – ทุมบูกา" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Prezident" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="ทุมบูกา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%86manpanin_(aban_abodin)" title="Ɔmanpanin (aban abodin) – ทวิ" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Ɔmanpanin (aban abodin)" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="ทวิ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – อุดมูร์ต" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="อุดมูร์ต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Президент" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="صدر جمہوریہ – อูรดู" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صدر جمہوریہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="อูรดู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezident" title="Prezident – อุซเบก" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Prezident" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="อุซเบก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente" title="Presidente – เวเนโต้" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Presidente" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="เวเนโต้" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%95ng_th%E1%BB%91ng" title="Tổng thống – เวียดนาม" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tổng thống" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="เวียดนาม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangulo" title="Mangulo – วาเรย์" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mangulo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="วาเรย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="总统 – จีนอู๋" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="总统" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="จีนอู๋" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="პრეზიდენტი – เมเกรเลีย" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პრეზიდენტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="เมเกรเลีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%98" title="פרעזידענט – ยิดดิช" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פרעזידענט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ยิดดิช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80%C3%A0r%E1%BA%B9" title="Ààrẹ – โยรูบา" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ààrẹ" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="โยรูบา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" title="總統 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="總統" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" title="總統 – จีนคลาสสิก" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="總統" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="จีนคลาสสิก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%B3ng-th%C3%B3ng" title="Chóng-thóng – จีนมินหนาน" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chóng-thóng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="จีนมินหนาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" title="總統 – กวางตุ้ง" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="總統" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="กวางตุ้ง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMengameli_(isiqu_sakuhulumeni)" title="UMengameli (isiqu sakuhulumeni) – ซูลู" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UMengameli (isiqu sakuhulumeni)" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="ซูลู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2" title="แซร์โจ มัตตาเรลลา">แซร์โจ มัตตาเรลลา</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="ประธานาธิบดีอิตาลี">ประธานาธิบดีอิตาลี</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="สี จิ้นผิง">สี จิ้นผิง</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" class="mw-disambig" title="ประธานาธิบดีจีน">ประธานาธิบดีจีน</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="วลาดีมีร์ ปูติน">วลาดีมีร์ ปูติน</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประธานาธิบดีรัสเซีย">ประธานาธิบดีรัสเซีย</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88_%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="โจ ไบเดิน">โจ ไบเดิน</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90" title="ประธานาธิบดีสหรัฐ">ประธานาธิบดีสหรัฐ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA" title="บองบอง มาร์กอส">บองบอง มาร์กอส</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="ประธานาธิบดีฟิลิปปินส์">ประธานาธิบดีฟิลิปปินส์</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8B_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="อันเดรส มานูเอล โลเปซ โอบราดอร์">อันเดรส มานูเอล โลเปซ โอบราดอร์</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81" title="รายพระนามและชื่อประมุขแห่งรัฐเม็กซิโก">ประธานาธิบดีเม็กซิโก</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9" title="เทราปที มุรมู">เทราปที มุรมู</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประธานาธิบดีอินเดีย">ประธานาธิบดีอินเดีย</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87" title="แอมานุแอล มาครง">แอมานุแอล มาครง</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA" title="ประธานาธิบดีฝรั่งเศส">ประธานาธิบดีฝรั่งเศส</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2" title="ไซริล รามาโฟซา">ไซริล รามาโฟซา</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89" title="รายนามประธานาธิบดีแอฟริกาใต้">ประธานาธิบดีแอฟริกาใต้</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2" title="ลูอิส อีนาซียู ลูลา ดา ซิลวา">ลูอิส อีนาซียู ลูลา ดา ซิลวา</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="รายชื่อประธานาธิบดีบราซิล (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ประธานาธิบดีบราซิล</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8C-%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ฟรังค์-วัลเทอร์ ชไตน์ไมเออร์">ฟรังค์-วัลเทอร์ ชไตน์ไมเออร์</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="ประธานาธิบดีเยอรมนี">ประธานาธิบดีเยอรมนี</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81-%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="ยุน ซ็อก-ย็อล">ยุน ซ็อก-ย็อล</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89" title="ประธานาธิบดีเกาหลีใต้">ประธานาธิบดีเกาหลีใต้</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ประธานาธิบดี</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ภาษาอังกฤษ">อังกฤษ</a>: <span lang="en">president</span>) คือชื่อสามัญสำหรับ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90" title="ประมุขแห่งรัฐ">ประมุขแห่งรัฐ</a>ในสาธารณรัฐเป็นส่วนใหญ่ </p><p>บทบาทหน้าที่ที่ถูกใช้โดยประธานาธิบดีจะแตกต่างกันไปตามรูปแบบของรัฐบาล ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2" title="สาธารณรัฐระบบรัฐสภา">สาธารณรัฐระบบรัฐสภา</a> พวกเขามักจะเป็น แต่ไม่เสมอไป จำกัดโดยเฉพาะประมุขแห่งรัฐ และเป็นพิธีอย่างเป็นทางการเป็นส่วนใหญ่ ในระบบประธานาธิบดี ซึ่งได้รับเลือกจากรัฐสภา (เช่น <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="ประเทศบอตสวานา">ประเทศบอตสวานา</a> และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89" title="ประเทศแอฟริกาใต้">ประเทศแอฟริกาใต้</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B6%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5" title="ระบบกึ่งประธานาธิบดี">สาธารณรัฐแบบกึ่งประธานาธิบดี</a> บทบาทของประธานาธิบดีจะมีความโดดเด่นมากขึ้น นอกจากนี้ยังทำหน้าที่(ในกรณีส่วนใหญ่) ของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5" title="หัวหน้ารัฐบาล">หัวหน้ารัฐบาล</a><sup id="cite_ref-Comparative-Exec-Leg-relat_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Comparative-Exec-Leg-relat-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ในระบอบอำนาจเบ็ดเสร็จ เผด็จการหรือผู้นำของรัฐพรรคการเมืองเดียวอาจจะเรียกได้ว่าเป็นประธานาธิบดี<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="บทบาท"><span id=".E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.97"></span>บทบาท</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: บทบาท"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>บทบาทที่สำคัญของประธานาธิบดีคือเป็นสัญลักษณ์ ศูนย์รวมจิตใจของประเทศ งานด้านพิธีกรรม เช่น ต้อนรับแขกบ้านแขกเมือง และมีบทบาทด้านการทูต เช่น การแต่งตั้งเอกอัครราชทูตและรับทราบการแต่งตั้งเอกอัครราชทูตของประเทศอื่น รวมทั้งการมีอำนาจการบริหารสูงสุด อำนาจในการแต่งตั้งรัฐบาล รัฐสภา อำนาจในการออกกฎหมาย เช่น ประมุขแห่งรัฐต้องลงนามก่อน กฎหมายจึงจะมีผลบังคับใช้ และเป็นผู้บัญชาการทหารสูงสุดซึ่งมีอำนาจในการเรียกประชุม หรือยุบสภานิติบัญญัติอีกด้วย </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="รายชื่อประธานาธิบดี"><span id=".E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.8A.E0.B8.B7.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.9B.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B0.E0.B8.98.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.98.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.94.E0.B8.B5"></span>รายชื่อประธานาธิบดี</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5&action=edit&section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: รายชื่อประธานาธิบดี"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9751016">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">ดูเพิ่ม: <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="รายนามประมุขแห่งรัฐและหัวหน้ารัฐบาลปัจจุบัน">รายนามประมุขแห่งรัฐและหัวหน้ารัฐบาลปัจจุบัน</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ดูเพิ่ม"><span id=".E0.B8.94.E0.B8.B9.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.9E.E0.B8.B4.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.A1"></span>ดูเพิ่ม</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5&action=edit&section=3" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ดูเพิ่ม"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90" title="ประธานาธิบดีสหรัฐ">ประธานาธิบดีแห่งสหรัฐอเมริกา</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA" title="ประธานาธิบดีฝรั่งเศส">ประธานาธิบดีแห่งสาธารณรัฐฝรั่งเศส</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89" title="ประธานาธิบดีเกาหลีใต้">ประธานาธิบดีแห่งสาธารณรัฐเกาหลี</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90" title="ประมุขแห่งรัฐ">ประมุขแห่งรัฐ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="นายกรัฐมนตรี">นายกรัฐมนตรี</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5&action=edit&section=4" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10205087">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.za/documents/constitution-republic-south-africa-1996-chapter-5-president-and-national-executive">"Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 - Chapter 5: The President and National Executive"</a>. <i>www.gov.za</i>. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gov.za&rft.atitle=Constitution+of+the+Republic+of+South+Africa%2C+1996+-+Chapter+5%3A+The+President+and+National+Executive&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.za%2Fdocuments%2Fconstitution-republic-south-africa-1996-chapter-5-president-and-national-executive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFAllard2016" class="citation web cs1">Allard, P (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324005565">"Government social advertising and ethno-politics in a small, ethnically diverse nation"</a>. <i>ResearchGate</i>. p. 67<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ResearchGate&rft.atitle=Government+social+advertising+and+ethno-politics+in+a+small%2C+ethnically+diverse+nation&rft.pages=67&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Allard&rft.aufirst=P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F324005565&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Comparative-Exec-Leg-relat-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Comparative-Exec-Leg-relat_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFShugart,_MS2008" class="citation book cs1">Shugart, MS (2008). "Comparative Executive–Legislative Relations". ใน Binder, SA; Rhodes, RAW; Rockman, BA (บ.ก.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://calgara.github.io/Pol1_Fall2017/Shugart%202016.pdf"><i>The Oxford handbook of political institutions</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199548460.003.0018">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199548460.003.0018</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-199548460" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-199548460"><bdi>978-0-199548460</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Comparative+Executive%E2%80%93Legislative+Relations&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+handbook+of+political+institutions&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199548460.003.0018&rft.isbn=978-0-199548460&rft.au=Shugart%2C+MS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcalgara.github.io%2FPol1_Fall2017%2FShugart%25202016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/our-government/the-executive-branch/#:~:text=The%20President%20is%20both%20the,the%20laws%20created%20by%20Congress.">"The President, Our Government"</a>. The White House<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+President%2C+Our+Government&rft.pub=The+White+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fabout-the-white-house%2Four-government%2Fthe-executive-branch%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520President%2520is%2520both%2520the%2Cthe%2520laws%2520created%2520by%2520Congress.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10552737">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">ก</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ประเภทของรัฐมนตรีและกระทรวง" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">ประเภทของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="รัฐมนตรี">รัฐมนตรี</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87" title="กระทรวง">กระทรวง</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ตำแหน่งผู้นำ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ประธานาธิบดี</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="รองประธานาธิบดี (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">รองประธานาธิบดี</a></li> <li><a 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.tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11619334"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11619334"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11619334"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="วิธีใช้:การควบคุมรายการหลักฐาน">ฐานข้อมูลการควบคุมรายการหลักฐาน</a>: ประจำชาติ <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" 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href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007542168005171">อิสราเอล</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Presidents"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh99005405">สหรัฐ</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561231">ญี่ปุ่น</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="prezidenti"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph124601&CON_LNG=ENG">เช็กเกีย</a></span></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="prezidentky"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph216802&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="대통령"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KSH2003001132">เกาหลี</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9895811">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Society.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/45px-Society.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/68px-Society.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/90px-Society.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="96" data-file-height="38" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body"> บทความเกี่ยวกับ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="การเมือง">การเมือง</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="การปกครอง">การปกครอง</a>นี้ยังเป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87" title="วิกิพีเดีย:โครง">โครง</a> คุณสามารถช่วยวิกิพีเดียได้โดยการ<a class="external text" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5&action=edit">เพิ่มเติมข้อมูล</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552737"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552732"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ดู"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="แม่แบบ:โครงการเมือง"><abbr title="ดูแม่แบบนี้">ด</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-คุย"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="คุยเรื่องแม่แบบ:โครงการเมือง"><abbr title="อภิปรายแม่แบบนี้">ค</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-แก้"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:EditPage/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="พิเศษ:EditPage/แม่แบบ:โครงการเมือง"><abbr title="แก้ไขแม่แบบนี้">ก</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐68b5f87cfc‐kzsnx Cached time: 20241118151321 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.491 seconds Real time usage: 0.687 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1032/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 52646/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1058/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 30462/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 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href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5" title="หมวดหมู่:ประธานาธิบดี">ประธานาธิบดี</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90" title="หมวดหมู่:ประมุขแห่งรัฐ">ประมุขแห่งรัฐ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="หมวดหมู่:การเมือง">การเมือง</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88" title="หมวดหมู่:ตำแหน่งผู้มีอำนาจ">ตำแหน่งผู้มีอำนาจ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87_%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความเกี่ยวกับ การเมืองการปกครอง ที่ยังไม่สมบูรณ์">บทความเกี่ยวกับ การเมืองการปกครอง ที่ยังไม่สมบูรณ์</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">หมวดหมู่ที่ซ่อนอยู่: <ul><li><a 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