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Haddou</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Mounir Haddou"> <meta name="keywords" content="Mounir Haddou"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Mounir Haddou" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Mounir Haddou"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 63</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Mounir Haddou</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Solving Optimal Control of Semilinear Elliptic Variational Inequalities Obstacle Problems using Smoothing Functions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Hassene%20Osmani">El Hassene Osmani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Haddou"> Mounir Haddou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naceurdine%20Bensalem"> Naceurdine Bensalem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we investigate optimal control problems governed by semilinear elliptic variational inequalities involving constraints on the state, and more precisely, the obstacle problem. We present a relaxed formulation for the problem using smoothing functions. Since we adopt a numerical point of view, we first relax the feasible domain of the problem, then using both mathematical programming methods and penalization methods, we get optimality conditions with smooth Lagrange multipliers. Some numerical experiments using IPOPT algorithm (Interior Point Optimizer) are presented to verify the efficiency of our approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complementarity%20problem" title="complementarity problem">complementarity problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IPOPT" title=" IPOPT"> IPOPT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lagrange%20multipliers" title=" Lagrange multipliers"> Lagrange multipliers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20programming" title=" mathematical programming"> mathematical programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20control" title=" optimal control"> optimal control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smoothing%20methods" title=" smoothing methods"> smoothing methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variationally%20inequalities" title=" variationally inequalities"> variationally inequalities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132882/solving-optimal-control-of-semilinear-elliptic-variational-inequalities-obstacle-problems-using-smoothing-functions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132882.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> A Lifeline Vulnerability Study of Constantine, Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Ait%20Belkacem">Mounir Ait Belkacem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Boukri"> Mehdi Boukri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Amellal"> Omar Amellal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nacim%20Yousfi"> Nacim Yousfi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abderrahmane%20Kibboua"> Abderrahmane Kibboua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Med%20Naboussi%20Farsi"> Med Naboussi Farsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Naili"> Mounir Naili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The North of Algeria is located in a seismic zone, then earthquakes are probably the most likely natural disaster that would lead to major lifeline disruption. The adequate operation of lifelines is vital for the economic development of regions under moderate to high seismic activity. After an earthquake, the proper operation of all vital systems is necessary, for instance hospitals for medical attention of the wounded and highways for communication and assistance for victims.In this work we apply the knowledge of pipeline vulnerability to the water supply system, sanitary sewer pipelines (waste water), and telephone in Constantine (Algeria). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifeline" title="lifeline">lifeline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title=" earthquake"> earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulnerability" title=" vulnerability"> vulnerability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipelines" title=" pipelines"> pipelines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26450/a-lifeline-vulnerability-study-of-constantine-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">564</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Enhancing the Piezoelectric, Thermal, and Structural Properties of the PVDF-HFP/PZT/GO Composite for Improved Mechanical Energy Harvesting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salesabil%20Labihi">Salesabil Labihi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adil%20Eddiai"> Adil Eddiai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20El%20Achaby"> Mounir El Achaby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Meddad"> Mounir Meddad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Cherkaoui"> Omar Cherkaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%E2%80%99hammed%20Mazroui"> M’hammed Mazroui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Piezoelectric materials provide a promising renewable energy source by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy through pressure and vibration. This study focuses on improving the conversion performance of poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) by incorporating graphene oxide (GO) and lead zirconate titanate (PZT). The dispersion of PZT and GO within the PVDF-HFP matrix was found to be homogeneous, resulting in high piezoelectric performance with an increase in the β-phase content. The thermal stability of the PVDF-HFP polymer also improved with the addition of PZT/GO. However, as the percentage of PZT/GO increased, the young's modulus of the composite decreased significantly. The developed composite demonstrated promising performance as a potential candidate for energy harvesting applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20harvesting" title="energy harvesting">energy harvesting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20conversion" title=" mechanical conversion"> mechanical conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piezoelectric%20composite" title=" piezoelectric composite"> piezoelectric composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvent%20casting%20method" title=" solvent casting method"> solvent casting method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180539/enhancing-the-piezoelectric-thermal-and-structural-properties-of-the-pvdf-hfppztgo-composite-for-improved-mechanical-energy-harvesting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180539.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Thermomechanical Damage Modeling of F114 Carbon Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20El%20Amri">A. El Amri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20El%20Yakhloufi%20Haddou"> M. El Yakhloufi Haddou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Khamlichi"> A. Khamlichi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The numerical simulation based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) is widely used in academic institutes and in the industry. It is a useful tool to predict many phenomena present in the classical manufacturing forming processes such as fracture. But, the results of such numerical model depend strongly on the parameters of the constitutive behavior model. The influences of thermal and mechanical loads cause damage. The temperature and strain rate dependent materials’ properties and their modelling are discussed. A Johnson-Cook Model of damage has been selected for the numerical simulations. Virtual software called the ABAQUS 6.11 is used for finite element analysis. This model was introduced in order to give information concerning crack initiation during thermal and mechanical loads. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermo-mechanical%20fatigue" title="thermo-mechanical fatigue">thermo-mechanical fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure" title=" failure"> failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture" title=" fracture"> fracture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage" title=" damage"> damage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46261/thermomechanical-damage-modeling-of-f114-carbon-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46261.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Mixed Sub-Fractional Brownian Motion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Zili">Mounir Zili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We will introduce a new extension of the Brownian motion, that could serve to get a good model of many natural phenomena. It is a linear combination of a finite number of sub-fractional Brownian motions; that is why we will call it the mixed sub-fractional Brownian motion. We will present some basic properties of this process. Among others, we will check that our process is non-Markovian and that it has non-stationary increments. We will also give the conditions under which it is a semimartingale. Finally, the main features of its sample paths will be specified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20Gaussian%20processes" title="mixed Gaussian processes">mixed Gaussian processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sub-fractional%20Brownian%20motion" title=" Sub-fractional Brownian motion"> Sub-fractional Brownian motion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sample%20paths" title=" sample paths"> sample paths</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32479/mixed-sub-fractional-brownian-motion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Mixed-Sub Fractional Brownian Motion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Zili">Mounir Zili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We will introduce a new extension of the Brownian motion, that could serve to get a good model of many natural phenomena. It is a linear combination of a finite number of sub-fractional Brownian motions; that is why we will call it the mixed sub-fractional Brownian motion. We will present some basic properties of this process. Among others, we will check that our process is non-markovian and that it has non-stationary increments. We will also give the conditions under which it is a semi-martingale. Finally, the main features of its sample paths will be specified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractal%20dimensions" title="fractal dimensions">fractal dimensions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20gaussian%20processes" title=" mixed gaussian processes"> mixed gaussian processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sample%20paths" title=" sample paths"> sample paths</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-fractional%20brownian%20motion" title=" sub-fractional brownian motion "> sub-fractional brownian motion </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36677/mixed-sub-fractional-brownian-motion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36677.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> A Grid Synchronization Phase Locked Loop Method for Grid-Connected Inverters Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naima%20Ikken">Naima Ikken</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelhadi%20Bouknadel"> Abdelhadi Bouknadel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nour-eddine%20Tariba%20Ahmed%20Haddou"> Nour-eddine Tariba Ahmed Haddou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafsa%20El%20Omari"> Hafsa El Omari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The operation of grid-connected inverters necessity a single-phase phase locked loop (PLL) is proposed in this article to accurately and quickly estimate and detect the grid phase angle. This article presents the improvement of a method of phase-locked loop. The novelty is to generate a method (PLL) of synchronizing the grid with a Notch filter based on adaptive fuzzy logic for inverter systems connected to the grid. The performance of the proposed method was tested under normal and abnormal operating conditions (amplitude, frequency and phase shift variations). In addition, simulation results with ISPM software are developed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method strategy. Finally, the experimental test will be used to extract the result and discuss the validity of the proposed algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20locked%20loop" title="phase locked loop">phase locked loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLL" title=" PLL"> PLL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=notch%20filter" title=" notch filter"> notch filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic%20control" title=" fuzzy logic control"> fuzzy logic control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grid%20connected%20inverters" title=" grid connected inverters"> grid connected inverters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127186/a-grid-synchronization-phase-locked-loop-method-for-grid-connected-inverters-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127186.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Removal of an Acid Dye from Water Using Cloud Point Extraction and Investigation of Surfactant Regeneration by pH Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghouas%20Halima">Ghouas Halima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haddou%20Boumedienne"> Haddou Boumedienne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean%20Peal%20Cancelier"> Jean Peal Cancelier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristophe%20Gourdon"> Cristophe Gourdon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ssaka%20Collines"> Ssaka Collines</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work concerns the coacervate extraction of industrial dye, namely BezanylGreen - F2B, from an aqueous solution by nonionic surfactant “Lutensol AO7 and TX-114” (readily biodegradable). Binary water/surfactant and pseudo-binary (in the presence of solute) phase diagrams were plotted. The extraction results as a function of wt.% of the surfactant and temperature are expressed by the following four quantities: percentage of solute extracted, E%, residual concentrations of solute and surfactant in the dilute phase (Xs,w, and Xt,w, respectively) and volume fraction of coacervate at equilibrium (Фc). For each parameter, whose values are determined by a design of experiments, these results are subjected to empirical smoothing in three dimensions. The aim of this study is to find out the best compromise between E% and Фc. E% increases with surfactant concentration and temperature in optimal conditions, and the extraction extent of TA reaches 98 and 96 % using TX-114 and Lutensol AO7, respectively. The effect of sodium sulfate or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) addition is also studied. Finally, the possibility of recycling the surfactant is proved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title="extraction">extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20point" title=" cloud point"> cloud point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non%20ionic%20surfactant" title=" non ionic surfactant"> non ionic surfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bezanyl%20green" title=" bezanyl green"> bezanyl green</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156214/removal-of-an-acid-dye-from-water-using-cloud-point-extraction-and-investigation-of-surfactant-regeneration-by-ph-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156214.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Design of a Fuzzy Luenberger Observer for Fault Nonlinear System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Bekaik">Mounir Bekaik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Messaoud%20Ramdani"> Messaoud Ramdani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present in this work a new technique of stabilization for fault nonlinear systems. The approach we adopt focus on a fuzzy Luenverger observer. The T-S approximation of the nonlinear observer is based on fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm to find local linear subsystems. The MOESP identification approach was applied to design an empirical model describing the subsystems state variables. The gain of the observer is given by the minimization of the estimation error through Lyapunov-krasovskii functional and LMI approach. We consider a three tank hydraulic system for an illustrative example. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20system" title="nonlinear system">nonlinear system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy" title=" fuzzy"> fuzzy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=faults" title=" faults"> faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TS" title=" TS"> TS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lyapunov-Krasovskii" title=" Lyapunov-Krasovskii"> Lyapunov-Krasovskii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=observer" title=" observer"> observer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47230/design-of-a-fuzzy-luenberger-observer-for-fault-nonlinear-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Arabic Text Representation and Classification Methods: Current State of the Art</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rami%20Ayadi">Rami Ayadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Maraoui"> Mohsen Maraoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Zrigui"> Mounir Zrigui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we have presented a brief current state of the art for Arabic text representation and classification methods. We decomposed Arabic Task Classification into four categories. First we describe some algorithms applied to classification on Arabic text. Secondly, we cite all major works when comparing classification algorithms applied on Arabic text, after this, we mention some authors who proposing new classification methods and finally we investigate the impact of preprocessing on Arabic TC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20classification" title="text classification">text classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic" title=" Arabic"> Arabic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20of%20preprocessing" title=" impact of preprocessing"> impact of preprocessing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification%20algorithms" title=" classification algorithms"> classification algorithms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10277/arabic-text-representation-and-classification-methods-current-state-of-the-art" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> A Controlled Mathematical Model for Population Dynamics in an Infested Honeybees Colonies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chakib%20Jerry">Chakib Jerry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Jerry"> Mounir Jerry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a mathematical model of infested honey bees colonies is formulated in order to investigate Colony Collapse Disorder in a honeybee colony. CCD, as it is known, is a major problem on honeybee farms because of the massive decline in colony numbers. We introduce to the model a control variable which represents forager protection. We study the controlled model to derive conditions under which the bee colony can fight off epidemic. Secondly we study the problem of minimizing prevention cost under model’s dynamics constraints. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honey%20bee" title="honey bee">honey bee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease%20transmission%20model" title=" disease transmission model"> disease transmission model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease%20control%20honeybees" title=" disease control honeybees"> disease control honeybees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20control" title=" optimal control"> optimal control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48127/a-controlled-mathematical-model-for-population-dynamics-in-an-infested-honeybees-colonies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Enhancing the Performance of Vapor Compression Refrigeration Systems Using HFC134a by Nanoparticles Suspensions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafsi%20Khebab">Hafsi Khebab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zirari%20Mounir"> Zirari Mounir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Nadjib%20Bouaziz"> Mohamed Nadjib Bouaziz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High Global Warming Potential refrigerants (HydroFluroCarbons) are one of the worst greenhouse gases used in a wide variety of applications, including refrigeration and air-conditioning. Nanotechnology is a promising field in sustainable energy to reduce energy and ecological resource consumption for HVACR (heat, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration) systems. Most researchers reported an improvement in heat transfer coefficient, Coefficient of performance. In this report, a brief summary has been done on the performance enhancement of the Vapor Compression Refrigeration system using HFC134a with nano refrigerants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanorefrigerant" title="nanorefrigerant">nanorefrigerant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HFCs" title=" HFCs"> HFCs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gases" title=" greenhouse gases"> greenhouse gases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GWP" title=" GWP"> GWP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HVACR%20systems" title=" HVACR systems"> HVACR systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20saving" title=" energy saving"> energy saving</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159665/enhancing-the-performance-of-vapor-compression-refrigeration-systems-using-hfc134a-by-nanoparticles-suspensions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159665.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Survivable IP over WDM Network Design Based on 1 ⊕ 1 Network Coding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nihed%20Bahria%20El%20Asghar">Nihed Bahria El Asghar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imen%20Jouili"> Imen Jouili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Frikha"> Mounir Frikha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inter-datacenter transport network is very bandwidth and delay demanding. The data transferred over such a network is also highly QoS-exigent mostly because a huge volume of data should be transported transparently with regard to the application user. To avoid the data transfer failure, a backup path should be reserved. No re-routing delay should be observed. A dedicated 1+1 protection is however not applicable in inter-datacenter transport network because of the huge spare capacity. In this context, we propose a survivable virtual network with minimal backup based on network coding (1 ⊕ 1) and solve it using a modified Dijkstra-based heuristic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20coding" title="network coding">network coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dedicated%20protection" title=" dedicated protection"> dedicated protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spare%20capacity" title=" spare capacity"> spare capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inter-datacenters%20transport%20network" title=" inter-datacenters transport network"> inter-datacenters transport network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44625/survivable-ip-over-wdm-network-design-based-on-1-1-network-coding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44625.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> New Security Approach of Confidential Resources in Hybrid Clouds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haythem%20Yahyaoui">Haythem Yahyaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samir%20Moalla"> Samir Moalla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Bouden"> Mounir Bouden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Skander%20ghorbel"> Skander ghorbel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, Cloud environments are becoming a need for companies, this new technology gives the opportunities to access to the data anywhere and anytime, also an optimized and secured access to the resources and gives more security for the data which stored in the platform, however, some companies do not trust Cloud providers, in their point of view, providers can access and modify some confidential data such as bank accounts, many works have been done in this context, they conclude that encryption methods realized by providers ensure the confidentiality, although, they forgot that Cloud providers can decrypt the confidential resources. The best solution here is to apply some modifications on the data before sending them to the Cloud in the objective to make them unreadable. This work aims on enhancing the quality of service of providers and improving the trust of the customers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud" title="cloud">cloud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confidentiality" title=" confidentiality"> confidentiality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryptography" title=" cryptography"> cryptography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20issues" title=" security issues"> security issues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trust%20issues" title=" trust issues"> trust issues</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30035/new-security-approach-of-confidential-resources-in-hybrid-clouds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30035.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Food Consumer Protection in Moroccan Legal System: A Systematic Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouchaib%20Gazzaz">Bouchaib Gazzaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Mehdi"> Mounir Mehdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to ensure consumer food protection, the food industry has a legal obligation to provide food products that comply with the requirements of the legislation in force. National regulations in this area occupy an important place in the food control system in terms of consumer protection. This article discusses the legal and regulatory framework of food safety and consumer protection in Moroccan law. We used the doctrinal research approach by analyzing the judicial normative and bibliographic legal research. As a result, we were able to present the basic principles of consumer food protection by showing to what extent the food safety law provides effective consumer protection in Morocco. We have concluded that there is an impact -in terms of consumer legal protection- of food law reform on the concept of food safety. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20safety" title="food safety">food safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morocco" title=" Morocco"> Morocco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20protection" title=" consumer protection"> consumer protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framework" title=" framework"> framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20law" title=" food law"> food law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146727/food-consumer-protection-in-moroccan-legal-system-a-systematic-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146727.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Heterogeneous Artifacts Construction for Software Evolution Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Zekkaoui">Mounir Zekkaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelhadi%20Fennan"> Abdelhadi Fennan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The software evolution control requires a deep understanding of the changes and their impact on different system heterogeneous artifacts. And an understanding of descriptive knowledge of the developed software artifacts is a prerequisite condition for the success of the evolutionary process. The implementation of an evolutionary process is to make changes more or less important to many heterogeneous software artifacts such as source code, analysis and design models, unit testing, XML deployment descriptors, user guides, and others. These changes can be a source of degradation in functional, qualitative or behavioral terms of modified software. Hence the need for a unified approach for extraction and representation of different heterogeneous artifacts in order to ensure a unified and detailed description of heterogeneous software artifacts, exploitable by several software tools and allowing to responsible for the evolution of carry out the reasoning change concerned. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20software%20artifacts" title="heterogeneous software artifacts">heterogeneous software artifacts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20evolution%20control" title=" software evolution control"> software evolution control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unified%20approach" title=" unified approach"> unified approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta%20model" title=" meta model"> meta model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20architecture" title=" software architecture"> software architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13647/heterogeneous-artifacts-construction-for-software-evolution-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13647.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Object Recognition Approach Based on Generalized Hough Transform and Color Distribution Serving in Generating Arabic Sentences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nada%20Farhani">Nada Farhani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naim%20Terbeh"> Naim Terbeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Zrigui"> Mounir Zrigui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The recognition of the objects contained in images has always presented a challenge in the field of research because of several difficulties that the researcher can envisage because of the variability of shape, position, contrast of objects, etc. In this paper, we will be interested in the recognition of objects. The classical Hough Transform (HT) presented a tool for detecting straight line segments in images. The technique of HT has been generalized (GHT) for the detection of arbitrary forms. With GHT, the forms sought are not necessarily defined analytically but rather by a particular silhouette. For more precision, we proposed to combine the results from the GHT with the results from a calculation of similarity between the histograms and the spatiograms of the images. The main purpose of our work is to use the concepts from recognition to generate sentences in Arabic that summarize the content of the image. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recognition%20of%20shape" title="recognition of shape">recognition of shape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20hough%20transformation" title=" generalized hough transformation"> generalized hough transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histogram" title=" histogram"> histogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatiogram" title=" spatiogram"> spatiogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning" title=" learning"> learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101706/object-recognition-approach-based-on-generalized-hough-transform-and-color-distribution-serving-in-generating-arabic-sentences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101706.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Recent Development of Materials for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Jourdani">Mohammed Jourdani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Mounir"> Hamid Mounir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdellatif%20El%20Marjani"> Abdellatif El Marjani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been developed as a promising power source for transportation and stationary applications, and power devices for computers and mobile telephones. This paper discusses and summarizes the latest developments of materials and remaining challenges of PEMFC. The different contributions to the material of all components and the efficiencies are analyzed. Many technical advances are introduced to increase the PEMFC fuel cell efficiency and life time for transportation, stationary and portable utilization. By the last years the total cost of this system is decreasing. However, the remaining challenges that need to be overcome mean that it will be several years before full commercialization can take place. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEMFC%20fuel%20cell" title="PEMFC fuel cell">PEMFC fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=materials" title=" materials"> materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recent%20development" title=" recent development"> recent development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20time" title=" life time"> life time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercialization%20possibility" title=" commercialization possibility"> commercialization possibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48672/recent-development-of-materials-for-proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cell-pemfc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48672.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Numerical Modeling for Water Engineering and Obstacle Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Adal">Mounir Adal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baalal%20Azeddine"> Baalal Azeddine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afifi%20Moulay%20Larbi"> Afifi Moulay Larbi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerical analysis is a branch of mathematics devoted to the development of iterative matrix calculation techniques. We are searching for operations optimization as objective to calculate and solve systems of equations of order n with time and energy saving for computers that are conducted to calculate and analyze big data by solving matrix equations. Furthermore, this scientific discipline is producing results with a margin of error of approximation called rates. Thus, the results obtained from the numerical analysis techniques that are held on computer software such as MATLAB or Simulink offers a preliminary diagnosis of the situation of the environment or space targets. By this we can offer technical procedures needed for engineering or scientific studies exploitable by engineers for water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis%20methods" title="numerical analysis methods">numerical analysis methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obstacles%20solving" title=" obstacles solving"> obstacles solving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering" title=" engineering"> engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20modeling" title=" numerical modeling"> numerical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iteration" title=" iteration"> iteration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer" title=" computer"> computer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MATLAB" title=" MATLAB"> MATLAB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground" title=" underground"> underground</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity" title=" velocity"> velocity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32980/numerical-modeling-for-water-engineering-and-obstacle-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Urban Seismic Risk Reduction in Algeria: Adaptation and Application of the RADIUS Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Boukri">Mehdi Boukri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Naboussi%20Farsi"> Mohammed Naboussi Farsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Naili"> Mounir Naili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Amellal"> Omar Amellal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Belazougui"> Mohamed Belazougui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Mebarki"> Ahmed Mebarki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabila%20Guessoum"> Nabila Guessoum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brahim%20Mezazigh"> Brahim Mezazigh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Ait-Belkacem"> Mounir Ait-Belkacem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nacim%20Yousfi"> Nacim Yousfi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Bouaoud"> Mohamed Bouaoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ikram%20Boukal"> Ikram Boukal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aboubakr%20Fettar"> Aboubakr Fettar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Souki"> Asma Souki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The seismic risk to which the urban centres are more and more exposed became a world concern. A co-operation on an international scale is necessary for an exchange of information and experiments for the prevention and the installation of action plans in the countries prone to this phenomenon. For that, the 1990s was designated as 'International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR)' by the United Nations, whose interest was to promote the capacity to resist the various natural, industrial and environmental disasters. Within this framework, it was launched in 1996, the RADIUS project (Risk Assessment Tools for Diagnosis of Urban Areas Against Seismic Disaster), whose the main objective is to mitigate seismic risk in developing countries, through the development of a simple and fast methodological and operational approach, allowing to evaluate the vulnerability as well as the socio-economic losses, by probable earthquake scenarios in the exposed urban areas. In this paper, we will present the adaptation and application of this methodology to the Algerian context for the seismic risk evaluation in urban areas potentially exposed to earthquakes. This application consists to perform an earthquake scenario in the urban centre of Constantine city, located at the North-East of Algeria, which will allow the building seismic damage estimation of this city. For that, an inventory of 30706 building units was carried out by the National Earthquake Engineering Research Centre (CGS). These buildings were digitized in a data base which comprises their technical information by using a Geographical Information system (GIS), and then they were classified according to the RADIUS methodology. The study area was subdivided into 228 meshes of 500m on side and Ten (10) sectors of which each one contains a group of meshes. The results of this earthquake scenario highlights that the ratio of likely damage is about 23%. This severe damage results from the high concentration of old buildings and unfavourable soil conditions. This simulation of the probable seismic damage of the building and the GIS damage maps generated provide a predictive evaluation of the damage which can occur by a potential earthquake near to Constantine city. These theoretical forecasts are important for decision makers in order to take the adequate preventive measures and to develop suitable strategies, prevention and emergency management plans to reduce these losses. They can also help to take the adequate emergency measures in the most impacted areas in the early hours and days after an earthquake occurrence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20risk" title="seismic risk">seismic risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation" title=" mitigation"> mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RADIUS" title=" RADIUS"> RADIUS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20areas" title=" urban areas"> urban areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algeria" title=" Algeria"> Algeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake%20scenario" title=" earthquake scenario"> earthquake scenario</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Constantine" title=" Constantine"> Constantine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41307/urban-seismic-risk-reduction-in-algeria-adaptation-and-application-of-the-radius-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Analysis of Exponential Nonuniform Transmission Line Parameters </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Belattar">Mounir Belattar </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper the Analysis of voltage waves that propagate along a lossless exponential nonuniform line is presented. For this analysis the parameters of this line are assumed to be varying function of the distance x along the line from the source end. The approach is based on the tow-port networks cascading presentation to derive the ABDC parameters of transmission using Picard-Carson Method which is a powerful method in getting a power series solution for distributed network because it is easy to calculate poles and zeros and solves differential equations such as telegrapher equations by an iterative sequence. So the impedance, admittance voltage and current along the line are expanded as a Taylor series in x/l where l is the total length of the line to obtain at the end, the main transmission line parameters such as voltage response and transmission and reflexion coefficients represented by scattering parameters in frequency domain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ABCD%20parameters" title="ABCD parameters">ABCD parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characteristic%20impedance%20exponential%20nonuniform%20transmission%20line" title=" characteristic impedance exponential nonuniform transmission line"> characteristic impedance exponential nonuniform transmission line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Picard-Carson%27s%20method" title=" Picard-Carson's method"> Picard-Carson's method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S%20parameters" title=" S parameters"> S parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taylor%27s%20series" title=" Taylor's series"> Taylor's series</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32383/analysis-of-exponential-nonuniform-transmission-line-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32383.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Silicon Surface Treatment Effect on the Structural, Optical, and Optoelectronic Properties for Solar Cell Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lotfi%20Hedi%20Khezami">Lotfi Hedi Khezami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ben%20Rabha"> Mohamed Ben Rabha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Sboui"> N. Sboui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Gaidi"> Mounir Gaidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Bessais"> B. Bessais</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metal-nano particle-assisted Chemical Etching is an extraordinary developed wet etching method of producing uniform semiconductor nano structure (nano wires) from patterned metallic film on crystalline silicon surface. The metal films facilitate the etching in HF and H2O2 solution and produce silicon nanowires (SiNWs). Creation of different SiNWs morphologies by changing the etching time and its effects on optical and opto electronic properties was investigated. Combination effect of formed SiNWs and stain etching treatment in acid (HF/HNO3/H2O) solution on the surface morphology of Si wafers as well as on the optical and opto electronic properties are presented in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stain%20etching" title="stain etching">stain etching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20silicon" title=" porous silicon"> porous silicon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon%20nanowires" title=" silicon nanowires"> silicon nanowires</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflectivity" title=" reflectivity"> reflectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifetime" title=" lifetime"> lifetime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20cells" title=" solar cells"> solar cells</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17930/silicon-surface-treatment-effect-on-the-structural-optical-and-optoelectronic-properties-for-solar-cell-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17930.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Modeling of Wind Loads on Heliostats Installed in South Algeria of Various Pylon Height</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hakim%20Merarda">Hakim Merarda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Aksas"> Mounir Aksas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toufik%20Arrif"> Toufik Arrif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abd%20Elfateh%20Belaid"> Abd Elfateh Belaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amor%20Gama"> Amor Gama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reski%20Khelifi"> Reski Khelifi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Knowledge of wind loads is important to develop a heliostat with good performance. These loads can be calculated by mathematical equations based on several parameters: the density, wind velocity, the aspect ratio of the mirror (height/width) and the coefficient of the height of the tower. Measurement data of the wind velocity and the density of the air are used in a numerical simulation of wind profile that was performed on heliostats with different pylon heights, with 1m^2 mirror areas and with aspect ratio of mirror equal to 1. These measurement data are taken from the meteorological station installed in Ghardaia, Algeria. The main aim of this work is to find a mathematical correlation between the wind loads and the height of the tower. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heliostat" title="heliostat">heliostat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20tower%20power" title=" solar tower power"> solar tower power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20loads%20simulation" title=" wind loads simulation"> wind loads simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Algeria" title=" South Algeria"> South Algeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23141/modeling-of-wind-loads-on-heliostats-installed-in-south-algeria-of-various-pylon-height" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">561</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Effects of Mechanical Test and Shape of Grain Boundary on Martensitic Transformation in Fe-Ni-C Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Gaci">Mounir Gaci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salim%20Meziani"> Salim Meziani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atmane%20Fouathia"> Atmane Fouathia </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the present paper is to model the behavior of metal alloy, type TRIP steel (Transformation Induced Plasticity), during solid/solid phase transition. A two-dimensional micromechanical model is implemented in finite element software (ZEBULON) to simulate the martensitic transformation in Fe-Ni-C steel grain under mechanical tensile stress of 250 MPa. The effects of non-uniform grain boundary and the criterion of mechanical shear load on the transformation and on the TRIP value during martensitic transformation are studied. The suggested mechanical criterion is favourable to the influence of the shear phenomenon on the progression of the martensitic transformation (Magee’s mechanism). The obtained results are in satisfactory agreement with experimental ones and show the influence of the grain boundary shape and the chosen mechanical criterion (SMF) on the transformation parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=martensitic%20transformation" title="martensitic transformation">martensitic transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-uniform%20Grain%20Boundary" title=" non-uniform Grain Boundary"> non-uniform Grain Boundary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TRIP" title=" TRIP"> TRIP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20Mechanical%20force%20%28SMF%29" title=" shear Mechanical force (SMF)"> shear Mechanical force (SMF)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42236/effects-of-mechanical-test-and-shape-of-grain-boundary-on-martensitic-transformation-in-fe-ni-c-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42236.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> The Influence of the Diameter of the Flow Conducts on the Rheological Behavior of a Non-Newtonian Fluid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hacina%20Abchiche">Hacina Abchiche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Mellal"> Mounir Mellal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imene%20Bouchelkia"> Imene Bouchelkia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The knowledge of the rheological behavior of the used products in different fields is essential, both in digital simulation and the understanding of phenomenon involved during the flow of these products. The fluids presenting a nonlinear behavior represent an important category of materials used in the process of food-processing, chemical, pharmaceutical and oil industries. The issue is that the rheological characterization by classical rheometer cannot simulate, or take into consideration, the different parameters affecting the characterization of a complex fluid flow during real-time. The main objective of this study is to investigate the influence of the diameter of the flow conducts or pipe on the rheological behavior of a non-Newtonian fluid and Propose a mathematical model linking the rheologic parameters and the diameter of the conduits of flow. For this purpose, we have developed an experimental system based on the principal of a capillary rheometer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rh%C3%A9ologie" title="rhéologie">rhéologie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-Newtonian%20fluids" title=" non-Newtonian fluids"> non-Newtonian fluids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20stady" title=" experimental stady"> experimental stady</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20model" title=" mathematical model"> mathematical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cylindrical%20%20conducts" title=" cylindrical conducts"> cylindrical conducts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32878/the-influence-of-the-diameter-of-the-flow-conducts-on-the-rheological-behavior-of-a-non-newtonian-fluid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Multiannual Trends of Toxic and Potentially Toxic Microalgae (Ostreopsis cf. ovata, Prorocentrum lima, and Coolia monotis) in Sfax Coasts (North of Gabes Gulf, Tunisia)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moncer%20Malika">Moncer Malika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben%20Brahim%20Mounir"> Ben Brahim Mounir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bel%20Hassen%20Malika"> Bel Hassen Malika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamza%20Asma"> Hamza Asma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the last decades, microalgae communities have presented significant changes in their structure and taxa composition along the Mediterranean littoral shallow waters. The main purpose of this work was to evaluate possible changes, over a 17-year scale (1997–2013), in the diversity and abundance of three toxic and potentially toxic microalgae related to changes in environmental parameters on Sfax coasts, a pole of shellfish production in Tunisia. In this 17-year span, a chronological series of data showed that a clear disparity from one year to another was observed in the abundance of studied species. The distribution of these species has been subjected to a seasonal cycle. The studied microalgae, especially Prorocentrum lima, seem to have significant relationships with many physicochemicaland meteorological parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long-term%20monitoring%20HABs" title="long-term monitoring HABs">long-term monitoring HABs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physico-chemical%20parameters" title=" physico-chemical parameters"> physico-chemical parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meteorological%20parameters" title=" meteorological parameters"> meteorological parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prorocentrum%20lima" title=" Prorocentrum lima"> Prorocentrum lima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ostreopsis%20cf.%20ovata" title=" Ostreopsis cf. ovata"> Ostreopsis cf. ovata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Coolia%20monotis" title=" Coolia monotis"> Coolia monotis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163619/multiannual-trends-of-toxic-and-potentially-toxic-microalgae-ostreopsis-cf-ovata-prorocentrum-lima-and-coolia-monotis-in-sfax-coasts-north-of-gabes-gulf-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163619.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> The Kadiria Zawiya: Architecture and Islamic Sufi Paradigm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghada%20Chater">Ghada Chater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Dhouib"> Mounir Dhouib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zawiyas are mausoleums where saints called 'waly' are buried and where ritual practices of Sufi Islamic movement take place. These funerary monuments have constituted since the medieval period a fundamental component of rural and urban Islamic landscape, especially that of Tunisia.The hypothesis is that these monuments reflect in their architecture the Sufi underlying thought. The paper’s target is to verify the validity of this hypothesis and possibly show the incarnation mode of Islamic Sufi paradigm in the zawiya’s architecture. This study considers the main Zawiya of one of the most important religious brotherhoods in Tunisia, which is Kadiria. A morphological analysis has been conducted and crossed later to a spiritual hermeneutic test. The result of this confrontation was significant: the paradigmatic element of the zawiya, materialized by the esoteric / exoteric dome 'kubba', returns in its geometry and structure to one of the Sufism key concepts: the unity of the creative spirit in the diversity and plurality of evanescent bodies. Thus, the creative act finds its reflection not only in the spirit of the perfect human microcosm (the waly microcosm), but also within the building dedicated to him. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title="architecture">architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islam" title=" Islam"> Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sufism" title=" Sufism"> Sufism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waly" title=" waly"> waly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zawiya" title=" zawiya"> zawiya</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58775/the-kadiria-zawiya-architecture-and-islamic-sufi-paradigm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Optimizing Exposure Parameters in Digital Mammography: A Study in Morocco </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talbi%20Mohammed">Talbi Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oustous%20Aziz"> Oustous Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben%20Messaoud%20Mounir"> Ben Messaoud Mounir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sebihi%20Rajaa"> Sebihi Rajaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalis%20Mohammed"> Khalis Mohammed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death for women around the world. Screening mammography is the reference examination, due to its sensitivity for detecting small lesions and micro-calcifications. Therefore, it is essential to ensure quality mammographic examinations with the most optimal dose. These conditions depend on the choice of exposure parameters. Clinically, practices must be evaluated in order to determine the most appropriate exposure parameters. Material and Methods: We performed our measurements on a mobile mammography unit (PLANMED Sofie-classic.) in Morocco. A solid dosimeter (AGMS Radcal) and a MTM 100 phantom allow to quantify the delivered dose and the image quality. For image quality assessment, scores are defined by the rate of visible inserts (MTM 100 phantom), obtained and compared for each acquisition. Results: The results show that the parameters of the mammography unit on which we have made our measurements can be improved in order to offer a better compromise between image quality and breast dose. The last one can be reduced up from 13.27% to 22.16%, while preserving comparable image quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mammography" title="Mammography">Mammography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Breast%20Dose" title=" Breast Dose"> Breast Dose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Image%20Quality" title=" Image Quality"> Image Quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phantom" title=" Phantom"> Phantom</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116596/optimizing-exposure-parameters-in-digital-mammography-a-study-in-morocco" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116596.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Non-Linear Behavior of Granular Materials in Pavement Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Tichamakdj">Mounir Tichamakdj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Sandjak"> Khaled Sandjak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boualem%20Tiliouine"> Boualem Tiliouine </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The design of flexible pavements is currently carried out using a multilayer elastic theory. However, for thin-surface pavements subject to light or medium traffic volumes, the importance of the non-linear stress-strain behavior of unbound granular materials requires the use of more sophisticated numerical models for the structural design of these pavements. The simplified analysis of the nonlinear behavior of granular materials in pavement design will be developed in this study. To achieve this objective, an equivalent linear model derived from a volumetric shear stress model is used to simulate the nonlinear elastic behavior of two unlinked local granular materials often used in pavements. This model is included here to adequately incorporate material non-linearity due to stress dependence and stiffness of the granular layers in the flexible pavement analysis. The sensitivity of the pavement design criteria to the likely variations in asphalt layer thickness and the mineralogical nature of unbound granular materials commonly used in pavement structures are also evaluated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=granular%20materials" title="granular materials">granular materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20equivalent%20model" title=" linear equivalent model"> linear equivalent model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20behavior" title=" non-linear behavior"> non-linear behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pavement%20design" title=" pavement design"> pavement design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20volumetric%20strain%20model" title=" shear volumetric strain model"> shear volumetric strain model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95649/non-linear-behavior-of-granular-materials-in-pavement-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95649.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Shear Reinforcement of Stone Columns During Soil Liquefaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeineb%20Ben%20Salem">Zeineb Ben Salem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wissem%20Frikha"> Wissem Frikha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Bouassida"> Mounir Bouassida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of stone columns as a liquefaction countermeasure focusing on shear reinforcementbenefit. In fact, stone columns which have high shear modulus relative to the surrounding soils potentially can carry higher shear stress levels. Thus, stone columns provide shear reinforcement and decrease the Cyclic Shear Stress Ratio CSR to which the treated soils would be subjected during an earthquake. In order to quantify the level of shear stress reduction in reinforced soil, several approaches have been developed. Nevertheless, the available approaches do not take into account the improvement of the soil parameters, mainly the shear modulusdue to stone columns installation. Indeed, in situ control tests carried out before and after the installation of stone columns based upon the results of collected data derived from 24 case histories have given evidence of the improvement of the existing soil properties.In this paper, the assessment of shear reinforcement of stone columns that accounts such improvement of the soil parameters due to stone column installation is investigated. Comparative results indicate that considering the improvement effects considerably affect the assessment of shear reinforcement for liquefaction analysis of reinforced soil by stone columns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20column" title="stone column">stone column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquefaction" title=" liquefaction"> liquefaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20reinforcement" title=" shear reinforcement"> shear reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CSR" title=" CSR"> CSR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20improvement" title=" soil improvement"> soil improvement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146200/shear-reinforcement-of-stone-columns-during-soil-liquefaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Haddou&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Haddou&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Haddou&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div 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