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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <title>CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Index for L</title><script defer data-domain="newadvent.org" src="https://plausible.io/js/script.js"></script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="description" content="Index for L (Abridged)"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS" href="http://feeds.newadvent.org/bestoftheweb?format=xml"><link rel="icon" href="../images/icon1.ico" type="image/x-icon"><link rel="shortcut icon" href="../images/icon1.ico" type="image/x-icon"><meta name="robots" content="noodp"><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="../utility/screen6.css" media="screen"></head> <body class="cathen" id="l.htm">   <div id="capitalcity"><table summary="Logo" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%"><tr valign="bottom"><td align="left"><a href="../"><img height=36 width=153 border="0" alt="New Advent" src="../images/logo.gif"></a></td><td align="right"> <form id="searchbox_000299817191393086628:ifmbhlr-8x0" action="../utility/search.htm">  <input type="hidden" name="safe" value="active"> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="000299817191393086628:ifmbhlr-8x0"/> <input type="hidden" name="cof" value="FORID:9"/>  <label for="searchQuery" id="searchQueryLabel">Search:</label> <input id="searchQuery" name="q" type="text" size="25" aria-labelledby="searchQueryLabel"/>  <label for="submitButton" id="submitButtonLabel" class="visually-hidden">Submit Search</label> <input id="submitButton" type="submit" name="sa" value="Search" aria-labelledby="submitButtonLabel"/> </form> <table summary="Spacer" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr><td height="2"></td></tr></table> <table summary="Tabs" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"></td> <td class="tab"><a class="tab_color_on_beige" href="../"> Home </a></td> <td class="tab"><a class="tab_white_on_color" href="../cathen/index.html"> Encyclopedia </a></td> <td class="tab"><a class="tab_color_on_beige" href="../summa/index.html"> Summa </a></td> <td class="tab"><a class="tab_color_on_beige" href="../fathers/index.html"> Fathers </a></td> <td class="tab"><a class="tab_color_on_beige" href="../bible/gen001.htm"> Bible </a></td> <td class="tab"><a class="tab_color_on_beige" href="../library/index.html"> Library </a></td> </tr></table> </td> </tr></table><table summary="Alphabetical index" width="100%" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr><td class="bar_white_on_color"> <a href="../cathen/a.htm"> A </a><a href="../cathen/b.htm"> B </a><a href="../cathen/c.htm"> C </a><a href="../cathen/d.htm"> D </a><a href="../cathen/e.htm"> E </a><a href="../cathen/f.htm"> F </a><a href="../cathen/g.htm"> G </a><a href="../cathen/h.htm"> H </a><a href="../cathen/i.htm"> I </a><a href="../cathen/j.htm"> J </a><a href="../cathen/k.htm"> K </a><a href="../cathen/l.htm"> L </a><a href="../cathen/m.htm"> M </a><a href="../cathen/n.htm"> N </a><a href="../cathen/o.htm"> O </a><a href="../cathen/p.htm"> P </a><a href="../cathen/q.htm"> Q </a><a href="../cathen/r.htm"> R </a><a href="../cathen/s.htm"> S </a><a href="../cathen/t.htm"> T </a><a href="../cathen/u.htm"> U </a><a href="../cathen/v.htm"> V </a><a href="../cathen/w.htm"> W </a><a href="../cathen/x.htm"> X </a><a href="../cathen/y.htm"> Y </a><a href="../cathen/z.htm"> Z </a> </td></tr></table></div> <div id="mobilecity" style="text-align: center; "><a href="../"><img height=24 width=102 border="0" alt="New Advent" src="../images/logo.gif"></a></div>  <div id="mi5"><a href="../">Home</a> > <a href="../cathen/">Catholic Encyclopedia</a> > L</div> <div id="springfield2"> <div class='catholicadnet-728x90' id='cathen-728x90-top' style='text-align: center; width: 100%; '></div> <h1>L</h1> <a href="https://gumroad.com/l/na2">Please help support the mission of New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download. Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more all for only $19.99...</a> This list represents only a tiny fraction of articles available on the New Advent website. For a more complete list, please see the <a href="../cathen/l-ce.htm">full index for L</a> or use the search box at the top of this page. <a href="../cathen/09008b.htm">La Salette</a> - Located in the commune and parish of La Salette-Fallavaux, Canton of Corps, Department of Isere, and Diocese of Grenoble <a href="../cathen/08444a.htm">La Salle, John Baptist de, Saint</a> - Essay on the founder of the Christian Brothers <a href="../cathen/09009b.htm">La Salle, René-Robert-Cavelier, Sieur de</a> - Explorer, born at Rouen, 1643; died in Texas, 1687 <a href="../cathen/08717c.htm">Labarum (Chi-Rho)</a> - The name by which the military standard adopted by Constantine the Great after his celebrated vision (Lactantius, 'De mortibus persecutorum', 44), was known in antiquity <a href="../cathen/08728b.htm">Labyrinth</a> - A complicated arrangement of paths and passages; or a place, usually subterraneous, full of windings, corridors, rooms, etc., so intricately arranged as to render the getting out of it a very difficult matter <a href="../cathen/08729b.htm">Lace</a> - The two earliest known specimens of lace-worked linen albs are that of St. Francis, preserved at St. Clare's convent, Assisi, and the alb of Pope Boniface VIII, now in the treasury of the Sistine Chapel <a href="../cathen/08733a.htm">Lacordaire, Jean-Baptiste-Henri-Dominique</a> - Dominican orator (1802-1861) <a href="../cathen/08736a.htm">Lactantius, Lucius Cæcilius Firmianus</a> - Fourth-century Christian apologist <a href="../cathen/08737b.htm">Laennec, René-Théophile-Hyacinthe</a> - Born at Quimper, in Brittany, France, 17 February, 1781; died at Kerlouanec, 13 August, 1826, a French physician, discoverer of auscultation, and father of modern knowledge of pulmonary diseases <a href="../cathen/08737c.htm">Laetare Sunday</a> - The fourth, or middle, Sunday of Lent, so called from the first words of the Introit at Mass <a href="../cathen/08742c.htm">Lahore</a> - Diocese in northern India, part of the ecclesiastical Province of Agra <a href="../cathen/08744a.htm">Laicization</a> - The term laity signifies the aggregation of those Christians who do not form part of the clergy. Consequently the word lay does not strictly connote any idea of hostility towards the clergy or the Church much less towards religion. Laicization, therefore, considered etymologically, simply means the reducing of persons or things having an ecclesiastical character to a lay condition <a href="../cathen/08748a.htm">Laity</a> - The body of the faithful, outside of the ranks of the clergy <a href="../cathen/08755a.htm">Lamb, Paschal</a> - A lamb which the Israelites were commanded to eat with peculiar rites as a part of the Passover celebration <a href="../cathen/08755b.htm">Lamb (in Early Christian Symbolism)</a> - One of the few Christian symbols dating from the first century is that of the Good Shepherd carrying on His shoulders a lamb or a sheep, with two other sheep at his side <a href="../cathen/01354b.htm">Lamp, Altar</a> - In the Old Testament God commanded that a lamp filled with the purest oil of olives should always burn in the Tabernacle of the Testimony without the veil <a href="../cathen/08773a.htm">Lance, The Holy</a> - In the Gospel of St. John (xix, 34), that, after our Saviour's death, 'one of the soldiers with a spear [lancea] opened his side and immediately there came out blood and water' <a href="../cathen/08784a.htm">Lando, Pope</a> - Reigned 913-914 <a href="../cathen/08793b.htm">Lantern</a> - In Italian or modern architecture, a small structure on the top of a dome, for the purpose of admitting light, for promoting ventilation, and for ornament <a href="../cathen/08794a.htm">Laodicea</a> - A titular see, of Asia Minor, metropolis of Phrygia Pacatiana, said to have been originally called Diospolis and Rhoas; Antiochus II colonized it between 261 and 246 B.C., and gave it the name of his wife, Laodice <a href="../cathen/08796a.htm">Laplace, Pierre-Simon</a> - Mathematician and astronomer (1749-1827) <a href="../cathen/09001b.htm">Lapsi</a> - The regular designation in the third century for Christians who relapsed into heathenism, especially for those who during the persecutions displayed weakness in the face of torture, and denied the Faith by sacrificing to the heathen gods or by any other acts <a href="../cathen/08552a.htm">Last Judgment, The</a> - To it the prophets of the Old Testament refer when they speak of the 'Day of the Lord' (Joel 3:4; Ezekiel 13:5; Isaiah 2:12), in which the nations will be summoned to judgment. In the New Testament the second Parusia, or coming of Christ as Judge of the world, is an oft-repeated doctrine <a href="../cathen/14341a.htm">Last Supper, The</a> - The Evangelists and critics generally agree that the Last Supper was on a Thursday, that Christ suffered and died on Friday, and that He arose from the dead on Sunday <a href="../cathen/09014b.htm">Lateran, Saint John</a> - This is the oldest, and ranks first among the four great 'patriarchal' basilicas of Rome <a href="../cathen/09016b.htm">Lateran Council, First</a> - It put a stop to the arbitrary conferring of ecclesiastical benefices by laymen, reestablished freedom of episcopal and abbatial elections, separated spiritual from temporal affairs, and ratified the principle that spiritual authority can emanate only from the Church; lastly it tacitly abolished the exorbitant claim of the emperors to interfere in papal elections <a href="../cathen/09017a.htm">Lateran Council, Second</a> - To efface the last vestiges of the schism, to condemn various errors and reform abuses among clergy and people Innocent, in the month of April, 1139, convoked, at the Lateran, the tenth ecumenical council <a href="../cathen/09017b.htm">Lateran Council, Third</a> - In September, 1178, the pope in agreement with an article of the Peace of Venice, convoked an ecumenical council at the Lateran for Lent of the following year and, with that object, sent legates to different countries <a href="../cathen/09018a.htm">Lateran Council, Fourth</a> - From the commencement of his reign Innocent III had purposed to assemble an ecumenical council, but only towards the end of his pontificate could he realize this project, by the Bull of 19 April, 1213. The assembly was to take place in November, 1215 <a href="../cathen/09018b.htm">Lateran Council, Fifth</a> - Convoked, by the Bull of 18 July, 1511, to assemble 19 April, 1512, in the church of St. John Lateran <a href="../cathen/09019a.htm">Latin, Ecclesiastical</a> - The Latin in the official textbooks of the Church (the Bible and the Liturgy), as well as in the works of those Christian writers of the West who have undertaken to expound or defend Christian beliefs <a href="../cathen/09022a.htm">Latin Church</a> - The Latin Church is simply that vast portion of the Catholic body which obeys the Latin patriarch, which submits to the pope, not only in papal, but also in patriarchal matters <a href="../cathen/08361a.htm">Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem</a> - Founded as a result of the First Crusade, in 1099. Destroyed a first time by Saladin in 1187, it was re-established around Saint-Jean d'Acre and maintained until the capture of that city in 1291 <a href="../cathen/09023a.htm">Latin Literature in Christianity (Before the Sixth Century)</a> - The Latin language was not at first the literary and official organ of the Christian Church in the West. The Gospel was announced by preachers whose language was Greek, and these continued to use Greek, if not in their discourses, at least in their most important acts <a href="../cathen/09036a.htm">Latria</a> - In classical Greek originally meant 'the state of a hired servant' (Aesch., 'Prom.', 966), and so service generally. It is used especially for Divine service (Plato, 'Apol.', 23 B). In Christian literature it came to have a technical sense for the supreme honour due to His servants, the angels and saints <a href="../cathen/05495a.htm">Latrocinium</a> - The Acts of the first session of this synod were read at the Council of Chalcedon, 451, and have thus been preserved. The remainder of the Acts are known only through a Syriac translation by a Monophysite monk, published from the British Museum MS. Addit. 14,530, written in the year 535 <a href="../cathen/10570c.htm">Latter-day Saints, The Church of Jesus Christ of</a> - Also called the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. This religious body had its origin during the early part of the nineteenth century. Joseph Smith, the founder and first president of the sect, was the son of a Vermont farmer, and was born in Sharon township, Windsor County, in that state, on 23 December, 1805 <a href="../cathen/09038a.htm">Lauds</a> - Article on the canonical hour once known as Matins, then as Lauds, now as Morning Prayer. One of the two principal hours <a href="../cathen/09091b.htm">Laurence O'Toole, Saint</a> - Confessor, abbot, and the first Irish-born bishop of Dublin, d. 1180 <a href="../cathen/09044b.htm">Lavabo</a> - The first word of that portion of Psalm 25 said by the celebrant at Mass while he washes his hands after the Offertory, from which word the whole ceremony is named <a href="../cathen/09047a.htm">La Valette, Jean Parisot de</a> - Forty-eighth Grand Master of the Order of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem; b. in 1494; d. in Malta, 21 Aug., 1568 <a href="../cathen/09052a.htm">Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent</a> - Chemist, philosopher, economist (1743-1794) <a href="../cathen/09053a.htm">Law</a> - By law in the widest sense is understood that exact guide, rule, or authoritative standard by which a being is moved to action or held back from it <a href="../cathen/09056a.htm">Law, Canon</a> - Canon law is the body of laws and regulations made by or adopted by ecclesiastical authority, for the government of the Christian organization and its members <a href="../cathen/09066a.htm">Law, Civil (Influence of the Church on)</a> - Christianity is essentially an ethical religion; and, although its moral principles were meant directly for the elevation of the individual, still they could not fail to exercise a powerful influence on such a public institution as law, the crystallized rule of human conduct <a href="../cathen/09068a.htm">Law, Common</a> - The term is of English origin and is used to describe the juridical principles and general rules regulating the possession, use and inheritance of property and the conduct of individuals, the origin of which is not definitely known, which have been observed since a remote period of antiquity, and which are based upon immemorial usages and the decisions of the law courts as distinct from the lex scripta; the latter consisting of imperial or kingly edicts or express acts of legislation <a href="../cathen/09071a.htm">Law, Divine (Moral Aspect of)</a> - That which is enacted by God and made known to man through revelation <a href="../cathen/09073a.htm">Law, International</a> - Defined to be 'the rules which determine the conduct of the general body of civilized states in their dealings with each other' (American and English Encycl. of Law) <a href="../cathen/10582c.htm">Law, Mosaic</a> - The body of juridical, moral, and ceremonial institutions, laws, and decisions comprised in the last four books of the Pentateuch, and ascribed by Christian and Hebrew tradition to Moses <a href="../cathen/09076a.htm">Law, Natural</a> - In English this term is frequently employed as equivalent to the laws of nature, meaning the order which governs the activities of the material universe. Among the Roman jurists natural law designated those instincts and emotions common to man and the lower animals, such as the instinct of self-preservation and love of offspring <a href="../cathen/09079a.htm">Law, Roman</a> - This subject is briefly treated under the two heads of; I. Principles; II. History <a href="../cathen/09089a.htm">Lawrence, Saint</a> - Deacon, martyr, d. 258 <a href="../cathen/09090a.htm">Lawrence, Saint</a> - Successor of St. Augustine of Canterbury as archbishop of that see, and died in 619 <a href="../cathen/09091a.htm">Lawrence Justinian, Saint</a> - Bishop and first Patriarch of Venice. He died in 1456 <a href="../cathen/09359a.htm">Lawrence of Brindisi, Saint</a> - An Italian Capuchin with a talent for languages, much in demand as a preacher, was chaplain of the Imperial army. Doctor of the Church. He died in 1619 <a href="../cathen/09091b.htm">Lawrence O'Toole, Saint</a> - Confessor, abbot, and the first Irish-born bishop of Dublin, d. 1180 <a href="../cathen/11611c.htm">Laws, Penal</a> - Treats of the penal legislation affecting Catholics in English-speaking countries since the Reformation. <a href="../cathen/09093a.htm">Lay Brothers</a> - Religious occupied solely with manual labour and with the secular affairs of a monastery or friary <a href="../cathen/10357a.htm">Lazarites</a> - A congregation of secular priests with religious vows founded by St. Vincent de Paul <a href="../cathen/09096a.htm">Lazarus</a> - The name of two persons in the N.T.; a character in one of Christ's parables, and the brother of Martha and Mary of Bethania <a href="../cathen/09097a.htm">Lazarus of Bethany, Saint</a> - Reputed first Bishop of Marseilles, died in the second half of the first century <a href="../cathen/09096b.htm">Lazarus of Jerusalem, Order of Saint</a> - The military order of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem originated in a leper hospital founded in the twelfth century by the crusaders of the Latin Kingdom <a href="../cathen/09110a.htm">Lectern</a> - Support for a book, reading-desk, or bookstand, a solid and permanent structure upon which the Sacred Books, which were generally large and heavy, were placed when used by the ministers of the altar in liturgical functions <a href="../cathen/09110b.htm">Lectionary</a> - A term of somewhat vague significance, used with a good deal of latitude by liturgical writers <a href="../cathen/09111a.htm">Lector</a> - A lector (reader) in the West is a clerk having the second of the four minor orders. In all Eastern Churches also, readers are ordained to a minor order preparatory to the diaconate <a href="../cathen/09114b.htm">Lefèvre d'Etaples, Jacques</a> - A French philosopher, biblical and patristic scholar; b. at Etaples in Picardy, about 1455; d. at Nerac, 1536 <a href="../cathen/09115a.htm">Legacies</a> - In its most restricted sense, by a pious legacy or bequest (legatum pium) is understood, the assigning, by a last will, of a particular thing forming part of an estate, to a church or an ecclesiastical institution <a href="../cathen/09118a.htm">Legate</a> - In its broad signification, means that person who is sent by another for some representative office. In the ecclesiastical sense it means one whom the pope sends to sovereigns or governments or only to the members of the episcopate and faithful of a country, as his representative, to treat of church matters or even on a mission of honour <a href="../cathen/09121a.htm">Legends, Literary or Profane</a> - In the period of national origins history and legend are inextricably mingled. In the course of oral transmission historic narrative necessarily becomes more or less legendary <a href="../cathen/09128a.htm">Legends of the Saints</a> - The legenda are stories about the saints, and often include a mix of historical fact and unhistorical embellishments <a href="../cathen/09133b.htm">Le Gras, Venerable Louise de Marillac</a> - Founder of the Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul, d. 1660 <a href="../cathen/09134b.htm">Leibniz, System of</a> - A thorough overview of the life and views of Leibniz <a href="../cathen/09144a.htm">Lemberg</a> - Seat of a Latin, a Uniat Ruthenian, and a Uniat Armenian archbishopric <a href="../cathen/09150a.htm">L'Enfant, Pierre-Charles</a> - French engineer (1755-1833) <a href="../cathen/09152a.htm">Lent</a> - An article on the origins of Lenten fasting <a href="../cathen/09154a.htm">Lentulus, Publius</a> - A fictitious person, said to have been Governor of Judea before Pontius <a href="../cathen/09154b.htm">Leo I (the Great), Pope</a> - Article on his pontificate, in Christian antiquity second only to that of Gregory the Great in importance. Leo died in 461 <a href="../cathen/09157a.htm">Leo II, Pope Saint</a> - Biographical article on this pontiff, who died in 683 <a href="../cathen/09157b.htm">Leo III, Pope Saint</a> - Biography of this pope, who died in 816 <a href="../cathen/09159a.htm">Leo IV, Pope</a> - Biographical article on this Roman, who died in 855 <a href="../cathen/09159b.htm">Leo V, Pope</a> - Very little is known of him. No certainty either as to when he was elected or as to exactly how long he reigned <a href="../cathen/09159c.htm">Leo VI, Pope</a> - The exact dates of the election and death of Leo VI are uncertain, but it is clear that he was pope during the latter half of 928 <a href="../cathen/09160a.htm">Leo VII, Pope</a> - Date of birth unknown; d. 13 July, 939. A Roman and priest of St. Sixtus, and probably a Benedictine monk, he was elected pope 3 January, 936 <a href="../cathen/09160b.htm">Leo VIII, Pope</a> - Date of birth unknown; d. between 20 February and 13 April, 965 <a href="../cathen/09160c.htm">Leo IX, Pope</a> - Hagiographical article on this reformer pope, who died in 1054 <a href="../cathen/09162a.htm">Leo X, Pope</a> - Reigned 1513-1521 <a href="../cathen/09166a.htm">Leo XI, Pope</a> - Reigned 1605 <a href="../cathen/09167a.htm">Leo XII, Pope</a> - Born at the Castello della Genga in the territory of Spoleto, 22 August, 1760; died in Rome, 10 February, 1829 <a href="../cathen/09169a.htm">Leo XIII, Pope</a> - Lengthy biographical article on the author of 'Rerum novarum.' <a href="../cathen/09178b.htm">Leonard of Limousin, Saint</a> - According to eleventh-century legend, he was a sixth-century Frankish nobleman <a href="../cathen/15440a.htm">Leonardo da Vinci</a> - Florentine painter, sculptor, architect, engineer and scholar (1452-1519) <a href="../cathen/09181b.htm">Lepanto</a> - Italian name for Naupactos (Naupactus) a titular metropolitan see of ancient Epirus <a href="../cathen/09182a.htm">Leprosy</a> - A chronic infectious disease characterized by the formation of growths in the skin, mucous membranes, peripheral nerves, bones, and internal viscera, producing various deformities and mutilations of the human body, and usually terminating in death <a href="../cathen/09185b.htm">Le Puy</a> - Diocese in France <a href="../cathen/09190a.htm">Lesbi</a> - A titular see in Mauretania Sitifensis, suffragan of Sitifis, or Setif, in Algeria <a href="../cathen/09190a.htm">Lesbi</a> - A titular see in Mauretania Sitifensis, suffragan of Sitifis, or Setif, in Algeria <a href="../cathen/09206a.htm">Levites</a> - The subordinate ministers appointed in the Mosaic Law for the service of the Tabernacle and of the Temple <a href="../cathen/09207a.htm">Leviticus</a> - The third book of the Pentateuch, so called because it treats of the offices, ministries, rites, and ceremonies of the priests and Levites <a href="../cathen/09210a.htm">Libel</a> - A malicious publication by writing, printing, picture, effigy, sign, or otherwise than by mere speech, which exposes any living person, or the memory of any person deceased, to hatred, contempt, ridicule, or obloquy, or which causes or tends to cause any person to be ashamed or avoided, or which has a tendency to injure any person, corporation, or association of persons, in his, her, or its business or occupation <a href="../cathen/09224a.htm">Liber Pontificalis</a> - A history of the popes beginning with St. Peter and continued down to the fifteenth century, in the form of biographies <a href="../cathen/01760a.htm">Liberal Arts, The Seven</a> - Chiefly used during the Middle Ages. Doesn't mean arts as the word is understood today, but those branches of knowledge which were taught in the schools of that time <a href="../cathen/09212a.htm">Liberalism</a> - A free way of thinking and acting in private and public life <a href="../cathen/09217a.htm">Liberius, Pope</a> - Reigned 352-366 <a href="../cathen/09227b.htm">Libraries</a> - Collections of books accumulated and made accessible for public or private use <a href="../cathen/09233a.htm">Lidwina, Saint</a> - Biography of this Dutch woman who died in 1433 <a href="../cathen/09235b.htm">Liebermann, Bruno Franz Leopold</a> - Catholic theologian, b., at Molsheim in Alsace 12 Oct., 1759; 4. at Strasburg, 11 Nov., 1844 <a href="../cathen/09238c.htm">Life</a> - The enigma of life is still one of the two or three most difficult problems that face both scientist and philosopher <a href="../cathen/09244b.htm">Lights</a> - Article concerned with the general aspects and in particular with the charge so often levelled against Catholicism of adopting wholesale the ceremonial practices of the pagan world <a href="../cathen/01334a.htm">Liguori, Saint Alphonsus</a> - Long biographical article on the founder of the Redemptorists and devotional writer <a href="../cathen/09247c.htm">Lilius, Aloisius</a> - Principal author of the Gregorian Calendar, was a native of Cirò or Zirò in Calabria <a href="../cathen/09256a.htm">Limbo</a> - A word of Teutonic derivation, meaning literally 'hem' or 'border,' as of a garment, or anything joined on <a href="../cathen/09269a.htm">Lindisfarne, Ancient Diocese and Monastery of</a> - The island of Lindisfarne lies some two miles off the Northumberland coast, nine and one-half miles southeast of the border-town of Berwick <a href="../cathen/09270b.htm">Line, Saint Anne</a> - A convert to Catholicism, hanged in 1601 for the (unproven) crime of harboring a priest. She is one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales <a href="../cathen/01355a.htm">Linens, Altar</a> - The corporal, pall, purificator, and finger towels <a href="../cathen/09272b.htm">Linus, Pope Saint</a> - Reigned about A.D. 64 or 67 to 76 or 79 <a href="../cathen/09278a.htm">Lippi, Filippo</a> - Biography of the Italian painter (1406-1469) <a href="../cathen/09281a.htm">Lisbon</a> - Patriarchate of Lisbon (Lisbonensis) <a href="../cathen/09286a.htm">Litany</a> - A form of responsive prayer, used in public liturgical services and private devotions <a href="../cathen/09287a.htm">Litany of Loreto</a> - Long article examines the somewhat murky history of the Litany of Loreto. Also information on Marian litanies in general <a href="../cathen/09291a.htm">Litany of the Saints</a> - The model of all other litanies, of great antiquity <a href="../cathen/05458a.htm">Literature, English</a> - Latin, French, Italian, Greek, and Spanish literatures are a few of the influences <a href="../cathen/06078b.htm">Little Flowers of St. Francis of Assissi</a> - Little Flowers of Francis of Assisi, the name given to a classic collection of popular legends about the life of St. Francis of Assisi and his early companions as they appeared to the Italian people at the beginning of the fourteenth century <a href="../cathen/09294a.htm">Little Office of Our Lady</a> - Historical article on the Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, modeled on the Divine Office <a href="../cathen/09296a.htm">Liturgical Books</a> - All the books, published by the authority of any church, that contain the text and directions for her official (liturgical) services <a href="../cathen/09304a.htm">Liturgical Chant</a> - A chant, if its style, composition, and execution prove it suitable for liturgical use, may properly be called liturgical chant <a href="../cathen/09306a.htm">Liturgy</a> - A Greek composite word meaning originally a public duty, a service to the state undertaken by a citizen <a href="../cathen/11219a.htm">Liturgy of the Hours</a> - Brief essay on the historical development of the Liturgy of the Hours <a href="../cathen/09314a.htm">Liverpool</a> - One of the thirteen dioceses into which Pius IX divided Catholic England, 29 September, 1850, when he re-established the Catholic hierarchy <a href="../cathen/09317b.htm">Loaves of Proposition</a> - Heb. 'bread of the faces', i.e. 'bread of the presence (of Yahweh)' (Ex., xxxv, 13; xxxix, 35, etc.), also called 'holy bread' <a href="../cathen/09324a.htm">Logic</a> - A historical survey from Indian and Pre-Aristotelian philosophy to the Logic of John Stuart Mill <a href="../cathen/09328a.htm">Logos, The</a> - The word Logos is the term by which Christian theology in the Greek language designates the Word of God, or Second Person of the Blessed Trinity <a href="../cathen/09333a.htm">Lollards</a> - The name given to the followers of John Wyclif, an heretical body numerous in England in the latter part of the fourteenth and the first half of the fifteenth century <a href="../cathen/11768d.htm">Lombard, Peter</a> - Biobibliographical essay on the Master of the Sentences <a href="../cathen/09336b.htm">Lombardy</a> - A word derived from Longobardia and used during the Middle Ages to designate the country ruled over by the Longobards, which varied in extent with the varying fortunes of that race in Italy <a href="../cathen/09341a.htm">London (England)</a> - The capital of England and chief city of the British Empire, is situated about fifty miles from the mouth of the Thames <a href="../cathen/09354a.htm">Longstreet, James</a> - Soldier and Catholic convert. Born 8 January, 1821, at Edgefield, South Carolina, U.S.A.; died at Gainesville, Georgia, 2 January, 1904 <a href="../cathen/09356a.htm">Lord's Prayer</a> - Although the Latin term oratio dominica is of early date, the phrase 'Lord's Prayer' does not seem to have been generally familiar in England before the Reformation. During the Middle Ages the 'Our Father' was always said in Latin, even by the uneducated. Hence it was then most commonly known as the Pater noster <a href="../cathen/09359a.htm">Lorenzo da Brindisi, Saint</a> - An Italian Capuchin with a talent for languages, much in demand as a preacher, was chaplain of the Imperial army. Doctor of the Church. He died in 1619 <a href="../cathen/13454b.htm">Loreto, Holy House of</a> - Since the fifteenth century, and possibly even earlier, the 'Holy House' of Loreto has been numbered among the most famous shrines of Italy <a href="../cathen/09287a.htm">Loreto, Litany of</a> - Long article examines the somewhat murky history of the Litany of Loreto. Also information on Marian litanies in general <a href="../cathen/09362a.htm">Lorraine</a> - By the Treaty of Verdun in 843, the empire of Charlemagne was divided in three parts: Ludwig the German received Eastern Franconia; Charles the Bald, Western Franconia; and Lothair I, the strip of land lying between the two and reaching from the North Sea to the Rhone, with Italy in addition. After the death of Lothair I, in 855, Italy passed to his son Lothair II, who gave his name to the district henceforth known as Lotharii Regnum - Lotharingen, Lothringen, or Lorraine <a href="../cathen/09366a.htm">Lot</a> - Nephew of Abraham <a href="../cathen/09366b.htm">Lottery</a> - A lottery is one of the aleatory contracts and is commonly defined as a distribution of prizes by lot or by chance <a href="../cathen/09368a.htm">Louis IX, Saint</a> - Biographical article on St. Louis, King of France, d. 1270 <a href="../cathen/09371a.htm">Louis XIV</a> - King of France, b. at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 16 September, 1638; d. at Versailles, 1 September, 1715; was the son of Louis XIII and Anne of Austria, and became king, upon the death of his father, 14 May 1643 <a href="../cathen/09378a.htm">Louisiana</a> - Includes history, religious information, and statistics <a href="../cathen/09384a.htm">Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, Saint</a> - Missionary to Brittany, d. 1716 <a href="../cathen/09385c.htm">Louis of Toulouse, Saint</a> - Bishop, d. 1297 <a href="../cathen/09133b.htm">Louise de Marillac Le Gras, Venerable</a> - Founder of the Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul, d. 1660 <a href="../cathen/09386a.htm">Louisville, Diocese of</a> - Comprises that part of Kentucky west of the Kentucky River and western borders of Carroll, Owen, Franklin, Woodford, Jessamine, Garrard, Rockcastle, Laurel, and Whitley Counties <a href="../cathen/09389b.htm">Lourdes, Notre-Dame de</a> - The pilgrimage of Lourdes is founded on the apparitions of the Blessed Virgin to a poor, fourteen-year-old girl, Bernadette Soubiroux. The first apparition occurred 11 February, 1858 <a href="../cathen/09391a.htm">Louvain, University of</a> - In order to restore the splendour of Louvain, capital of his Duchy of Brabant, John IV of the House of Burgundy petitioned the papal authority for the establishment of an educational institution called at the time studium generale. The Bull of Martin V, dated 9 December, 1425, was the result <a href="../cathen/09397a.htm">Love, Theological Virtue of</a> - The third and greatest of the Divine virtues enumerated by St. Paul (1 Cor., xiii, 13), usually called charity, defined: a divinely infused habit, inclining the human will to cherish God for his own sake above all things, and man for the sake of God <a href="../cathen/09399a.htm">Low Church</a> - The name given to one of the three parties or doctrinal tendencies that prevail in the Established Church of England and its daughter Churches, the correlatives being High Church and Broad Church <a href="../cathen/04497a.htm">Lower Criticism</a> - The object of textual criticism is to restore as nearly as possible the original text of a work the autograph of which has been lost <a href="../cathen/07639c.htm">Loyola, Saint Ignatius</a> - Biography of the Spanish founder of the Jesuits, who died in 1556 <a href="../cathen/09410a.htm">Lucifer</a> - The name Lucifer originally denotes the planet Venus, emphasizing its brilliance <a href="../cathen/09411a.htm">Lucius I, Pope Saint</a> - Biographical article on this pope, exiled for a time, who reigned less than one year, and died in 254 <a href="../cathen/09412a.htm">Lucius II, Pope</a> - Born at Bologna, unknown date, died at Rome, 15 February, 1145 <a href="../cathen/09412b.htm">Lucius III, Pope</a> - Died 1185. Innocent II created him Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prassede on 23 February, 1141, and afterwards sent him as legate to France <a href="../cathen/09414a.htm">Lucy, Saint</a> - Virgin and martyr, d. 303 in the Diocletian persecution <a href="../cathen/09420a.htm">Luke, Gospel of Saint</a> - An introduction to the book <a href="../cathen/12670c.htm">Lully, Raymond</a> - Biobibliographical article on Ramon Lull, who is called 'Doctor Illuminatus.' <a href="../cathen/09430a.htm">Lumen Christi</a> - The versicle chanted by the deacon on Holy Saturday as he lights the triple candle <a href="../cathen/09431c.htm">Luna, Pedro de</a> - Antipope under the name of Benedict XIII, b. at Illueca, Aragon, 1328; d. at the Peniscola, near Valencia, Spain, either 29 Nov., 1422, or 23 May, 1423 <a href="../cathen/09438a.htm">Lust</a> - The inordinate craving for, or indulgence of, the carnal pleasure which is experienced in the human organs of generation <a href="../cathen/09438b.htm">Luther, Martin</a> - Leader of the great religious revolt of the sixteenth century in Germany; born at Eisleben, 10 November, 1483; died at Eisleben, 18 February, 1546 <a href="../cathen/09458a.htm">Lutheranism</a> - The religious belief held by the oldest and in Europe the most numerous of the Protestant sects, founded by the Wittenberg reformer, Martin Luther <a href="../cathen/09465a.htm">Luxemburg</a> - The small remnant of the old duchy of this name and since 11 May, 1867, an independent neutral grand duchy, comprising 998 sq. miles of territory, lying principally between 49°27' and 50°12' N. lat., and 5°45' and 6°32' E. long <a href="../cathen/09469a.htm">Lying</a> - As defined by St. Thomas Aquinas, a statement at variance with the mind <a href="../cathen/09472a.htm">Lyons, Archdiocese of</a> - Comprises the Department of the Rhone (except the Canton of Villeurbanne, which belongs to the Diocese of Grenoble) and of the Loire <a href="../cathen/09476b.htm">Lyons, First Council of</a> - Innocent IV, threatened by Emperor Frederick II, arrived at Lyons 2 December, 1244, and early in 1245 summoned the bishops and princes to the council <a href="../cathen/09476c.htm">Lyons, Second Council of</a> - One of the most largely attended of conciliar assemblies, there being present five hundred bishops, sixty abbots, more than a thousand prelates or procurators <div class='catholicadnet-728x90' id='cathen-728x90-bottom' style='text-align: center; width: 100%; '></div> </div> <div id="ogdenville"><table summary="Bottom bar" width="100%" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr><td class="bar_white_on_color"><center>Copyright © 2023 by <a href="../utility/contactus.htm">New Advent LLC</a>. 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