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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Exile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Exile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_Iraq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_Iraq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Return to Iraq</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_Iraq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_Minister_(2014–2018)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_Minister_(2014–2018)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Prime Minister (2014–2018)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prime_Minister_(2014–2018)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Haider al-Abadi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haider_al-Abadi" title="Haider al-Abadi – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Haider al-Abadi" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="حيدر العبادي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حيدر العبادي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyd%C9%99r_%C9%99l-Abadi" title="Heydər əl-Abadi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Heydər əl-Abadi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF" title="হায়দর আল-আবাদি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হায়দর আল-আবাদি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Хайдэр аль-Абадзі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хайдэр аль-Абадзі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haider_Al-Abadi" title="Haider Al-Abadi – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Haider Al-Abadi" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haidar_al-Abadi" title="Haidar al-Abadi – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Haidar al-Abadi" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajdar_Ab%C3%A1d%C3%AD" title="Hajdar Abádí – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hajdar Abádí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haider_al-Abadi" title="Haider al-Abadi – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Haider al-Abadi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haider_al-Abadi" title="Haider al-Abadi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Haider al-Abadi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haider_al-Abadi" title="Haider al-Abadi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Haider al-Abadi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haider_al-Abadi" title="Haider al-Abadi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Haider al-Abadi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="حیدر عبادی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حیدر عبادی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%C3%AFder_al-Abadi" title="Haïder al-Abadi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Haïder al-Abadi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%EB%8B%A4%EB%A5%B4_%EC%95%8C%EC%95%95%EB%B0%94%EB%94%94" title="하이다르 알압바디 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하이다르 알압바디" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80_%D5%A1%D5%AC-%D4%B1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB" title="Հայդեր ալ-Աբադի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հայդեր ալ-Աբադի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="हैदर अल-अबादी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हैदर अल-अबादी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haidar_al-Abadi" title="Haidar al-Abadi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Haidar al-Abadi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haydar_al-%27Abadi" title="Haydar al-'Abadi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Haydar al-'Abadi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99" title="חיידר אל-עבאדי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חיידר אל-עבאדי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A-%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ჰაიდერ ალ-აბადი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰაიდერ ალ-აბადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyder_Elebad%C3%AE" title="Heyder Elebadî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Heyder Elebadî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haidar_al-%CA%BFAb%C4%81d%C4%AB" title="Haidar al-ʿAbādī – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Haidar al-ʿAbādī" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haider_al-Abadi" title="Haider al-Abadi – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Haider al-Abadi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%89" title="حيدر العبادى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حيدر العبادى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="حیدر العبادی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="حیدر العبادی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haider_al-Abadi" title="Haider al-Abadi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Haider al-Abadi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haider_al-Abadi" title="Haider al-Abadi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Haider al-Abadi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="हयदर अल अबादी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हयदर अल अबादी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%83%80%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%EF%BC%9D%E3%82%A2%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3" title="ハイダル・アル＝アバーディ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハイダル・アル＝アバーディ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="حیدر العبادی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="حیدر العبادی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajdar_al-Abadi" title="Hajdar al-Abadi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hajdar al-Abadi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haider_al-Abadi" title="Haider al-Abadi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Haider al-Abadi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haider_Al-Abadi" title="Haider Al-Abadi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Haider Al-Abadi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8,_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Аль-Абади, Хайдер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аль-Абади, Хайдер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haider_al-Abadi" title="Haider al-Abadi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Haider al-Abadi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%95%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1_%D8%B9%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="حەیدەر عەبادی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="حەیدەر عەبادی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haider_al-Abadi" title="Haider al-Abadi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Haider al-Abadi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haider_al-Abadi" title="Haider al-Abadi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Haider al-Abadi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haydar_el-%C4%B0badi" title="Haydar el-İbadi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Haydar el-İbadi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Хайдер аль-Абаді – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хайдер аль-Абаді" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="حیدر العبادی – 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prime Minister of Iraq from 2014 to 2018</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Haider al-Abadi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="ar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">حيدر العبادي</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Haider_al-Abadi_January_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Haider_al-Abadi_January_2015.jpg/220px-Haider_al-Abadi_January_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Haider_al-Abadi_January_2015.jpg/330px-Haider_al-Abadi_January_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Haider_al-Abadi_January_2015.jpg/440px-Haider_al-Abadi_January_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1428" data-file-height="1892" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Al-Abadi in 2015</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iraq" title="Prime Minister of Iraq">Prime Minister of Iraq</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />8 September 2014 – 25 October 2018</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fuad_Masum" title="Fuad Masum">Fuad Masum</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Barham_Salih" title="Barham Salih">Barham Salih</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saleh_al-Mutlaq" title="Saleh al-Mutlaq">Saleh al-Mutlaq</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Baha_Araji" title="Baha Araji">Baha Araji</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hoshyar_Zebari" title="Hoshyar Zebari">Hoshyar Zebari</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rowsch_Shaways" class="mw-redirect" title="Rowsch Shaways">Rowsch Shaways</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nouri_al-Maliki" title="Nouri al-Maliki">Nouri al-Maliki</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Adil_Abdul-Mahdi" title="Adil Abdul-Mahdi">Adil Abdul-Mahdi</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Victory_Alliance" title="Victory Alliance">Victory Alliance</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />14 December 2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Position established</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Deputy Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Dawa_Party" title="Islamic Dawa Party">Islamic Dawa Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />15 January 2007 – 8 September 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nouri_al-Maliki" title="Nouri al-Maliki">Nouri al-Maliki</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Baha_Araji" title="Baha Araji">Baha Araji</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Minister of Communications</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 September 2003 – 1 June 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Governing_Council" title="Iraqi Governing Council">Iraqi Governing Council</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Saeed_al-Sahhaf" title="Muhammad Saeed al-Sahhaf">Muhammad Saeed al-Sahhaf</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Muhammad Ali Hakim</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Haider Jawad Kadhim al-Abadi</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1952-04-25</span>) </span>25 April 1952<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 72)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Kingdom of Iraq</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationality_law" title="Iraqi nationality law">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Victory_Alliance" title="Victory Alliance">Victory Alliance</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Dawa_Party" title="Islamic Dawa Party">Islamic Dawa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Technology,_Iraq" title="University of Technology, Iraq">University of Technology</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_of_Manchester" title="Victoria University of Manchester">University of Manchester</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">Politician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haider_al-Abadi%27s_signature.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Haider al-Abadi's signature"><img alt="Haider al-Abadi's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Haider_al-Abadi%27s_signature.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="36" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Haider Jawad Kadhim al-Abadi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حيدر جواد كاظم العبادي</span>; born 25 April 1952) is an Iraqi politician who was <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iraq" title="Prime Minister of Iraq">Prime Minister of Iraq</a> from September 2014 until October 2018. Previously he served as <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Iraq)" title="Council of Ministers (Iraq)">Minister of Communication</a> from 2003 to 2004, in the first government after <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> was deposed.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was designated as prime minister by <a href="/wiki/President_of_Iraq" title="President of Iraq">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Fuad_Masum" title="Fuad Masum">Fuad Masum</a> on 11 August 2014 to succeed <a href="/wiki/Nouri_al-Maliki" title="Nouri al-Maliki">Nouri al-Maliki</a><sup id="cite_ref-Iraq's_Nuri_al-Maliki_digs_in_as_President_nominates_new_Prime_Minister_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iraq's_Nuri_al-Maliki_digs_in_as_President_nominates_new_Prime_Minister-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was approved by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Representatives_of_Iraq" title="Council of Representatives of Iraq">Iraqi parliament</a> on 8 September 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-Iraqi_Parliament_approves_the_new_government_of_Abadi_and_the_vice-presidents_of_Fuad_Masum_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iraqi_Parliament_approves_the_new_government_of_Abadi_and_the_vice-presidents_of_Fuad_Masum-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Abadi was included in <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)"><i>Time</i></a> magazine's <i>100 Most Influential People of 2018.</i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In office throughout the majority of the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a> which he announced victory against <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">ISIL</a>, he later left the office of Prime Minister in 2018, following rising <a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932018_Iraqi_protests" title="2015–2018 Iraqi protests">domestic discontent and widespread violent protests</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haider_al-Abadi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>al-Abadi was born to a <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a> <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> family in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>. Al-Abadi's father was a member of the Baghdad Neurosurgery Hospital and Inspector General of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Iraq)" title="Ministry of Health (Iraq)">Iraqi Ministry of Health</a>. He was forced to retire in 1979 due to disagreements with the <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Ba'athist regime</a>, and was buried in the US after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Abadi, who speaks <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, graduated high school in 1970 from the <a href="/wiki/Markaziyah_High_School" title="Markaziyah High School">Central High School</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الإعدادية المركزية</span>) in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Bagdad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1975, he earned a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineering</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Technology,_Iraq" title="University of Technology, Iraq">University of Technology</a> in Baghdad.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1980, he earned a PhD degree in <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineering</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_of_Manchester" title="Victoria University of Manchester">University of Manchester</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haider_al-Abadi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al-Abadi joined the <a href="/wiki/Dawa_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawa Party">Dawa Party</a> in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two of his brothers were killed and one was put in prison 1980, 1981, and 1982 for belonging to the Dawa Party. In 1981, his third brother was arrested and spent 10 years in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1977, he became in charge of its organization in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1979, he became a member of the party's executive leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1983, the government confiscated al-Abadi's passport for conspiring against Iraq's <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Ba'ath Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exile">Exile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haider_al-Abadi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Exile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al-Abadi remained in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>, in voluntary exile, until the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His positions during this time included:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Director general of a small design and development firm in London specialising in high-technology vertical and horizontal transportation (1993–2003)</li> <li>Consultant, in London, in matters relating to transportation (1987–2003)</li> <li>Research leader for a major modernization contract in London (1981–1986)</li></ul> <p>Al-Abadi was awarded a grant from the UK Department of Trade and Industry in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While working in London in 2001 al-Abadi registered a patent relating to rapid transit systems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_Iraq">Return to Iraq</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haider_al-Abadi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Return to Iraq"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2003, al-Abadi became skeptical of the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_Provisional_Authority" title="Coalition Provisional Authority">Coalition Provisional Authority</a> (CPA) privatization plan, proposing to <a href="/wiki/Paul_Bremer" title="Paul Bremer">Paul Bremer</a> that they had to wait for a legitimate government to be formed. In October 2003, al-Abadi with all 25 of the interim Governing Council ministers protested to Paul Bremer and rejected the CPA's demand to privatize the state-owned companies and infrastructure prior to forming a legitimate government. The CPA, led by Bremer, fell out with al-Abadi and the Governing Council. The CPA worked around the Governing Council, forming a new government that remained beholden to the CPA to serve until the general elections, prompting more aggressive armed actions by insurgents against US-led coalition personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-harpers_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harpers-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While al-Abadi was Minister of Communications, the CPA awarded licenses to three mobile operators to cover all parts of Iraq. Despite being rendered nearly powerless by the CPA,<sup id="cite_ref-Behind_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Behind-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Abadi was not prepared to be <i><a href="/wiki/Rubber_stamp_(politics)" title="Rubber stamp (politics)">a rubber stamp</a></i> and introduced more conditions for the licenses. Among them that a sovereign Iraqi government has the power to amend or terminate the licenses and introduce a fourth national license, which caused some friction with the CPA. In 2003, press reports indicated Iraqi officials were under investigation over a questionable deal involving <a href="/wiki/Orascom" class="mw-redirect" title="Orascom">Orascom</a>, an Egypt-based telecoms company, which in late 2003 was awarded a contract to provide a mobile network to central Iraq. Al-Abadi asserted that there was no illicit dealing in the completed awards.<sup id="cite_ref-TeleGeo_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TeleGeo-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, it was revealed that these allegations were <a href="/wiki/Fabricator_(intelligence)" title="Fabricator (intelligence)">fabrications</a>, and a US Defense Department review found that telecommunications contracting had been illegally influenced in an unsuccessful effort led by disgraced US Deputy Undersecretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/John_A._Shaw" title="John A. Shaw">John A. Shaw</a> and not by Iraqis.<sup id="cite_ref-LATimes_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimes-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between January and December 2005, he served as an adviser to the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iraq" title="Prime Minister of Iraq">Prime Minister of Iraq</a> in the <a href="/wiki/January_2005_Iraqi_parliamentary_election" title="January 2005 Iraqi parliamentary election">first elected government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MEED_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEED-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was elected as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Representatives_of_Iraq" title="Council of Representatives of Iraq">Iraqi Parliament</a> in the <a href="/wiki/December_2005_Iraqi_parliamentary_election" title="December 2005 Iraqi parliamentary election">December 2005 parliamentary election</a> and chaired the parliamentary committee for Economy, Investment and Reconstruction. Al-Abadi was re-elected in the <a href="/wiki/2010_Iraqi_parliamentary_election" title="2010 Iraqi parliamentary election">2010 parliamentary election</a> as a member of the Iraqi Parliament representing <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>. In 2013, he chaired the Finance Committee and was at the center of a parliamentary dispute over the allocation of the 2013 Iraqi budget.<sup id="cite_ref-AlMonitor_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlMonitor-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al-Abadi's name was circulated as a prime ministerial candidate during the formation of the Iraqi government in 2006 during which time <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Jaafari" title="Ibrahim al-Jaafari">Ibrahim al-Jaafari</a> was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Nouri_al-Maliki" title="Nouri al-Maliki">Nouri al-Maliki</a> as prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, al-Abadi remained steadfast in his support of Iraqi sovereignty, insisting on specific conditions to the agreement with the U.S. regarding its presence in Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-USATODAY_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USATODAY-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, al-Abadi was identified by the <a href="/wiki/MEED" title="MEED">Middle East Economic Digest</a> as a key person to watch in Iraq's reconstruction.<sup id="cite_ref-MEED_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEED-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is an active member of the Iraq Petroleum Advisory Committee, participating in the Iraq Petroleum Conferences of 2009–2012 organized by Nawar Abdulhadi and Phillip Clarke of The CWC Group.<sup id="cite_ref-CWC_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CWC-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was one of several Iraqi politicians supporting a suit against <a href="/wiki/Academi" class="mw-redirect" title="Academi">Blackwater</a> as a result of the 2010 dismissal of criminal charges against Blackwater personnel involved in the 2007 killing of 17 Iraqi civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-world_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-world-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al-Abadi was again tapped as a possible prime minister during the tough negotiations between Iraqi political blocs after the elections of 2010 to choose a replacement to incumbent PM <a href="/wiki/Nouri_al-Maliki" title="Nouri al-Maliki">Nouri al-Maliki</a>. Again in 2014, he was nominated by Shia political parties as an alternative candidate for Prime Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prime_Minister_(2014–2018)"><span id="Prime_Minister_.282014.E2.80.932018.29"></span>Prime Minister (2014–2018)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haider_al-Abadi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Prime Minister (2014–2018)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_2.jpg/200px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_2.jpg/300px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_2.jpg/400px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>At a meeting with Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VP_Mike_Pence_with_Haider_al-Abadi_Prime_Minister_of_Iraq_prior_to_their_bilateral_meeting._(32969550935).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/VP_Mike_Pence_with_Haider_al-Abadi_Prime_Minister_of_Iraq_prior_to_their_bilateral_meeting._%2832969550935%29.jpg/200px-VP_Mike_Pence_with_Haider_al-Abadi_Prime_Minister_of_Iraq_prior_to_their_bilateral_meeting._%2832969550935%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/VP_Mike_Pence_with_Haider_al-Abadi_Prime_Minister_of_Iraq_prior_to_their_bilateral_meeting._%2832969550935%29.jpg/300px-VP_Mike_Pence_with_Haider_al-Abadi_Prime_Minister_of_Iraq_prior_to_their_bilateral_meeting._%2832969550935%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/VP_Mike_Pence_with_Haider_al-Abadi_Prime_Minister_of_Iraq_prior_to_their_bilateral_meeting._%2832969550935%29.jpg/400px-VP_Mike_Pence_with_Haider_al-Abadi_Prime_Minister_of_Iraq_prior_to_their_bilateral_meeting._%2832969550935%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>At a meeting with U.S. Vice President <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Rouhani_meeting_with_Iraqi_PM_Haider_al-Abadi_in_Saadabad_Palace_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/President_Rouhani_meeting_with_Iraqi_PM_Haider_al-Abadi_in_Saadabad_Palace_1.jpg/200px-President_Rouhani_meeting_with_Iraqi_PM_Haider_al-Abadi_in_Saadabad_Palace_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/President_Rouhani_meeting_with_Iraqi_PM_Haider_al-Abadi_in_Saadabad_Palace_1.jpg/300px-President_Rouhani_meeting_with_Iraqi_PM_Haider_al-Abadi_in_Saadabad_Palace_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/President_Rouhani_meeting_with_Iraqi_PM_Haider_al-Abadi_in_Saadabad_Palace_1.jpg/400px-President_Rouhani_meeting_with_Iraqi_PM_Haider_al-Abadi_in_Saadabad_Palace_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="481" /></a><figcaption>At a meeting with Iranian President <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Rouhani" title="Hassan Rouhani">Hassan Rouhani</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photo_of_the_Day_3_21_17_(34122429356).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Photo_of_the_Day_3_21_17_%2834122429356%29.jpg/200px-Photo_of_the_Day_3_21_17_%2834122429356%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Photo_of_the_Day_3_21_17_%2834122429356%29.jpg/300px-Photo_of_the_Day_3_21_17_%2834122429356%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Photo_of_the_Day_3_21_17_%2834122429356%29.jpg/400px-Photo_of_the_Day_3_21_17_%2834122429356%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> greets al-Abadi at the White House in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On 24 July 2014, <a href="/wiki/Fuad_Masum" title="Fuad Masum">Fuad Masum</a> became the new president of Iraq. He, in turn, nominated al-Abadi for prime minister on 11 August.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_abadi_appointment_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_abadi_appointment-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the appointment to take effect, al-Abadi was required to form a government to be confirmed by <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Iraq">Parliament</a> within 30 days.<sup id="cite_ref-mcclatchydc_abadi_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcclatchydc_abadi-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Maliki, however, refused to give up his post and referred the matter to the federal court claiming the president's nomination was a "constitutional violation". He said, "The insistence on this until the end is to protect the state."<sup id="cite_ref-NewPM_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewPM-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 August 2014, in the face of growing calls from world leaders and members of his own party, the embattled prime minister announced he was stepping down to make way for al-Abadi. The announcement of the leadership transition from al-Maliki to al-Abadi triggered a major realignment of Sunni Arab public opinion away from armed opposition groups and to the Iraqi government, since many Iraqi Sunni Arabs were optimistic that the new government would address their grievances and deliver public goods and services to them.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Iraqi Parliament approved al-Abadi's new government and his presidential program on 8 September 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the months after assuming office in September 2014, Abadi made determined efforts to increase Sunni participation in the Iraqi government.<sup id="cite_ref-Foreignaffairs_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foreignaffairs-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abadi appointed <a href="/wiki/Khaled_al-Obaidi" title="Khaled al-Obaidi">Khaled al-Obaidi</a>, a prominent Sunni politician from <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a>, as his Defense Minister, and the appointment was ratified by the Iraqi parliament after two months.<sup id="cite_ref-Foreignaffairs_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foreignaffairs-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In mid-December 2014, Abadi forged a new revenue-sharing agreement with the Kurds, under which Baghdad agreed to pay the Kurdish Regional Government one half of all income from Kurdish-controlled oil fields.<sup id="cite_ref-Foreignaffairs_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foreignaffairs-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To counter the widespread corruption in the army stemming from the Maliki years, Abadi announced that 50,000 "ghost soldiers" had been identified and would be removed from army payrolls.<sup id="cite_ref-Foreignaffairs_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foreignaffairs-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Ghost soldiers" were men on army payrolls who never showed up for duty, but paid their officers part of their salaries, thus institutionalizing corruption and hollowing out the armed forces.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iraqi President <a href="/wiki/Fuad_Masum" title="Fuad Masum">Fuad Masum</a> paid a goodwill visit to <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> in November 2014. In response, Saudi Arabia prepared to reopen its embassy in Baghdad, which had remained closed since the start of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-Foreignaffairs_32-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foreignaffairs-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abadi has also visited Egypt, Jordan, and Turkey to discuss regional strategies to combat militant Islamist forces.<sup id="cite_ref-Foreignaffairs_32-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foreignaffairs-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a></i> magazine has written that after four months in power, Abadi's attempts to resolve Iraq's sectarian strife make his premiership "a welcome change from the schismatic style of his predecessor". As a result of Abadi's reforms, the United States pledged $1.5 billion to train Iraqi forces and announced the sale of <a href="/wiki/F-16" class="mw-redirect" title="F-16">F-16</a> fighter jets, suspended after the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Foreignaffairs_32-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foreignaffairs-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Combating political corruption was an early priority of the al-Abadi administration. In August 2015, al-Abadi unveiled a plan to strengthen the government by, among other things, eliminating security details for senior officials and cutting benefits to specific high-level officials.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al-Abadi was forced to contend with the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant</a> as prime minister; he was sometimes critical of <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> and the United States military response to the threat of ISIL.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, al-Abadi pivoted closer towards Russia and Iran in order to combat the threat of ISIL and encouraged cooperation between these nations on military operations in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April, 2016, al-Abadi's difficulties in implementing political reforms led to the storming of the Iraqi parliament by supporters of Shia cleric <a href="/wiki/Muqtada_al-Sadr" title="Muqtada al-Sadr">Muqtada al-Sadr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The protesters breaching the <a href="/wiki/Green_Zone" title="Green Zone">Green Zone</a> and disrupting the parliament have been described as evidence of Iraq's increasingly <a href="/wiki/Systems_theory_in_political_science" title="Systems theory in political science">dysfunctional political system</a> and al-Abadi's problems in getting <a href="/wiki/Political_corruption" title="Political corruption">corruption</a> under control.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 9 December 2017, Prime Minister Al-Abadi announced victory over ISIL and the end of the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Civil_War_(2014-2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Civil War (2014-2017)">Iraqi Civil War (2014-2017)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-end_of_war_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-end_of_war-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abadi was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Adil_Abdul-Mahdi" title="Adil Abdul-Mahdi">Adil Abdul-Mahdi</a> on 25 October 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haider_al-Abadi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.munzinger.de/search/go/document.jsp?id=00000030085">"Haider al- Abadi - Munzinger Biographie"</a>. <i>munzinger.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=munzinger.de&rft.atitle=Haider+al-+Abadi+-+Munzinger+Biographie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.munzinger.de%2Fsearch%2Fgo%2Fdocument.jsp%3Fid%3D00000030085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaider+al-Abadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iraq's_Nuri_al-Maliki_digs_in_as_President_nominates_new_Prime_Minister-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Iraq's_Nuri_al-Maliki_digs_in_as_President_nominates_new_Prime_Minister_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearsonYanCoren2014" class="citation web cs1">Pearson, Mike; Yan, Holly; Coren, Anna (11 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/11/world/meast/iraq-crisis/index.html?hpt=hp_t2">"Iraq's Nuri al-Maliki digs in as President nominates new Prime Minister"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Iraq%27s+Nuri+al-Maliki+digs+in+as+President+nominates+new+Prime+Minister&rft.date=2014-08-11&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.au=Yan%2C+Holly&rft.au=Coren%2C+Anna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2014%2F08%2F11%2Fworld%2Fmeast%2Firaq-crisis%2Findex.html%3Fhpt%3Dhp_t2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaider+al-Abadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iraqi_Parliament_approves_the_new_government_of_Abadi_and_the_vice-presidents_of_Fuad_Masum-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Iraqi_Parliament_approves_the_new_government_of_Abadi_and_the_vice-presidents_of_Fuad_Masum_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">"Iraqi Parliament approves the new government of Abadi and the vice-presidents of Fuad Masum". 8 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraqi+Parliament+approves+the+new+government+of+Abadi+and+the+vice-presidents+of+Fuad+Masum&rft.date=2014-09-08&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaider+al-Abadi" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#cite_web_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/collection/most-influential-people-2018/5238111/haider-al-abadi/">"Haider al-Abadi: The World's 100 Most Influential People"</a>. <i>Time</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/44c977cc-b5c7-11e8-b3ef-799c8613f4a1">the original</a></span> on 10 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Iraq+prime+minister+Haider+Al-Abadi+faces+calls+to+step+down&rft.date=2018-09-11&rft.aulast=Cornish&rft.aufirst=Chloe&rft.au=Khattab%2C+Asser&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F44c977cc-b5c7-11e8-b3ef-799c8613f4a1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaider+al-Abadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5394596/haider-al-abadi-iraq-basra-iran-protest/">"The End Is Near for Iraq's Haider al-Abadi"</a>. <i>Time</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iraqi+News&rft.atitle=Iraq+announces+end+of+war+against+IS%2C+liberation+of+borders+with+Syria%3A+Abadi&rft.date=2017-12-09&rft.aulast=Mostafa&rft.aufirst=Nehal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iraqinews.com%2Firaq-war%2Firaq-announces-end-war-liberation-borders-syria-abadi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaider+al-Abadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalaheddin2018" class="citation news cs1">Salaheddin, Sinan (2 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181004230012/https://www.sfchronicle.com/news/world/article/Iraq-delays-vote-on-president-due-to-dispute-13274903.php">"Iraq tasks Shiite independent with forming new government"</a>. <i>San Francisco Chronicle</i>. Associated Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfchronicle.com/news/world/article/Iraq-delays-vote-on-president-due-to-dispute-13274903.php">the original</a> on 4 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Iraq+tasks+Shiite+independent+with+forming+new+government&rft.date=2018-10-02&rft.aulast=Salaheddin&rft.aufirst=Sinan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfchronicle.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Farticle%2FIraq-delays-vote-on-president-due-to-dispute-13274903.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaider+al-Abadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haider_al-Abadi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box 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ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Haider al-Abadi</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Haider_al-Abadi" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Haider al-Abadi">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5639013" class="extiw" title="d:Q5639013">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?77527">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Saeed_al-Sahhaf" title="Muhammad Saeed al-Sahhaf">Muhammad Saeed al-Sahhaf</a></div><i><b>as Minister of Information </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Minister of Communications </b><br />2003–2004 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Muhammad Ali Hakim</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nouri_al-Maliki" title="Nouri al-Maliki">Nouri al-Maliki</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iraq" title="Prime Minister of Iraq">Prime Minister of Iraq</a> </b><br />2014–2018 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Adil_Abdul-Mahdi" title="Adil Abdul-Mahdi">Adil Abdul-Mahdi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nouri_al-Maliki" title="Nouri al-Maliki">Nouri al-Maliki</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Deputy Leader of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Dawa_Party" title="Islamic Dawa Party">Islamic Dawa Party</a> </b><br />2007–2014 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Baha_Araji" title="Baha Araji">Baha Araji</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_ministers_of_Iraq_(List)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 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href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iraq" title="Prime Minister of Iraq">Prime ministers of Iraq</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Iraq" title="List of prime ministers of Iraq">List</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Iraq" title="Mandatory Iraq">Mandatory Iraq</a> (1920–1932)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Al-Rahman_Al-Gillani" title="Abd Al-Rahman Al-Gillani">al-Gillani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Muhsin_al-Sa%27dun" title="Abdul Muhsin al-Sa'dun">al-Sa'dun</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_al-Askari" title="Ja'far al-Askari">al-Askari</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasin_al-Hashimi" title="Yasin al-Hashimi">al-Hashimi</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawfiq_al-Suwaidi" title="Tawfiq al-Suwaidi">T. Suwaidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naji_Al-Suwaidi" title="Naji Al-Suwaidi">N. Suwaidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuri_al-Said" title="Nuri al-Said">al-Said</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iraq_(1924%E2%80%931959).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Kingdom of Iraq</a> (1932–1958)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naji_Shawkat" title="Naji Shawkat">Shawkat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ali_al-Gaylani" title="Rashid Ali al-Gaylani">al-Gaylani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamil_Al_Midfai" title="Jamil Al Midfai">al-Midfai</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Jawdat_Al-Ayyubi" title="Ali Jawdat Al-Ayyubi">al-Ayyubi</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasin_al-Hashimi" title="Yasin al-Hashimi">al-Hashimi</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikmat_Sulayman" title="Hikmat Sulayman">Sulayman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuri_al-Said" title="Nuri al-Said">al-Said</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taha_al-Hashimi" title="Taha al-Hashimi">al-Hashimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdi_al-Pachachi" title="Hamdi al-Pachachi">H. Pachachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawfiq_al-Suwaidi" title="Tawfiq al-Suwaidi">T. Suwaidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arshad_al-Umari" title="Arshad al-Umari">Arshad al-Umari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salih_Jabr" title="Salih Jabr">Jabr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_al-Sadr_(prime_minister)" title="Mohammad al-Sadr (prime minister)">al-Sadr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzahim_al-Pachachi" title="Muzahim al-Pachachi">Muzahim al-Pachachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Mahmud_al-Umari" title="Mustafa Mahmud al-Umari">Mustafa al-Umari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nureddin_Mahmud" title="Nureddin Mahmud">Mahmud</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Fadhel_al-Jamali" title="Muhammad Fadhel al-Jamali">al-Jamali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arshad_al-Umari" title="Arshad al-Umari">Arshad al-Umari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul-Wahab_Mirjan" title="Abdul-Wahab Mirjan">Mirjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Mukhtar_Baban" title="Ahmad Mukhtar Baban">Baban</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iraq_(1924%E2%80%931959).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Republic_(1958%E2%80%931968)" title="Iraqi Republic (1958–1968)">Iraqi Republic</a> (1958–1968)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdul-Karim_Qasim" title="Abdul-Karim Qasim">Qasim</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr" title="Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr">al-Bakr</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahir_Yahya" title="Tahir Yahya">Yahya</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arif_Abd_ar-Razzaq" title="Arif Abd ar-Razzaq">ar-Razzaq</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Bazzaz" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Bazzaz">al-Bazzaz</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naji_Talib" title="Naji Talib">Talib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Arif" title="Abdul Rahman Arif">Arif</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahir_Yahya" title="Tahir Yahya">Yahya</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iraq_(1959%E2%80%931963).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Iraq_%281959%E2%80%931963%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281959%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Iraq_%281959%E2%80%931963%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281959%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Iraq_%281959%E2%80%931963%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281959%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iraq_(1963%E2%80%931991).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Ba'athist Iraq</a> (1968–2003)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Razzaq_an-Naif" title="Abdul Razzaq an-Naif">an-Naif</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr" title="Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr">al-Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27dun_Hammadi" title="Sa'dun Hammadi">Hammadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Hamza_Zubeidi" title="Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi">Zubeidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Husayn_Khudayir_as-Samarrai" title="Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai">as-Samarrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Hussein</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iraq_(1963%E2%80%931991).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iraq_(1991%E2%80%932004).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Governing_Council" title="Iraqi Governing Council">Iraqi Governing Council</a> (2003–2004)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Bahr_al-Uloom" title="Mohammad Bahr al-Uloom">al-Ulooum</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Jaafari" title="Ibrahim al-Jaafari">al-Jaafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Chalabi" title="Ahmed Chalabi">Chalabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayad_Allawi" title="Ayad Allawi">Allawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_Talabani" title="Jalal Talabani">Talabani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Aziz_al-Hakim" title="Abdul Aziz al-Hakim">al-Hakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Pachachi" title="Adnan Pachachi">A. Pachachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohsen_Abdel_Hamid" title="Mohsen Abdel Hamid">Hamid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Bahr_al-Uloom" title="Mohammad Bahr al-Uloom">al-Uloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masoud_Barzani" title="Masoud Barzani">Barzani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezzedine_Salim" title="Ezzedine Salim">Salim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazi_Mashal_Ajil_al-Yawer" title="Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer">al-Yawer</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iraq_(1991%E2%80%932004).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Republic of Iraq</a> (since 2004)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayad_Allawi" title="Ayad Allawi">Allawi</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Jaafari" title="Ibrahim al-Jaafari">al-Jaafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouri_al-Maliki" title="Nouri al-Maliki">al-Maliki</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">al-Abadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adil_Abdul-Mahdi" title="Adil Abdul-Mahdi">Abdul-Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Al-Kadhimi" title="Mustafa Al-Kadhimi">Al-Kadhimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shia%27_Al_Sudani" title="Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani">Al Sudani</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iraq_(2004%E2%80%932008).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Iraq_%282004%E2%80%932008%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iraq_%282004%E2%80%932008%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Iraq_%282004%E2%80%932008%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iraq_%282004%E2%80%932008%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Iraq_%282004%E2%80%932008%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_Iraq_%282004%E2%80%932008%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iraq.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/80px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>*</sup> interim</li> <li><sup>†</sup> military</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5639013#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5639013#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5639013#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/20147663015660551722">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvRRY6gdhB4K76xgRKjmd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1116060396">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2022032769">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p371637139">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987012331202005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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