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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logi sisse</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Veel valikuid" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Isiklikud lehed" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Isiklikud lehed</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Kasutajamenüü" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_et.wikipedia.org&uselang=et"><span>Annetused</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Konto_loomine&returnto=Aurik" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub konto luua ja sisse logida."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Loo konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sisselogimine&returnto=Aurik" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub sisse logida. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logi sisse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sisselogimata kasutaja leheküljed <a href="/wiki/Juhend:Sissejuhatus" aria-label="Lisateave redigeerimise kohta"><span>lisateave</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Minu_kaast%C3%B6%C3%B6" title="Sellelt IP-aadressilt tehtud muudatuste loend [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kaastöö</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Minu_aruteluleht" title="Arutelu sellelt IP-aadressilt tehtud muudatuste kohta [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Arutelu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Epeida\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"et\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size:16px\"\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Cspan title=\"Teadus Vikipeediasse!\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Teadus Vikipeediasse!\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Logo_for_e-Science_Photo_Competition_v2_without_text.svg/90px-Logo_for_e-Science_Photo_Competition_v2_without_text.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"90\" height=\"21\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Logo_for_e-Science_Photo_Competition_v2_without_text.svg/135px-Logo_for_e-Science_Photo_Competition_v2_without_text.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Logo_for_e-Science_Photo_Competition_v2_without_text.svg/180px-Logo_for_e-Science_Photo_Competition_v2_without_text.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"668\" data-file-height=\"154\" /\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003E Alanud on artiklivõistlus \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Vikipeedia:Teadus_Vikipeediasse_2024\" title=\"Vikipeedia:Teadus Vikipeediasse 2024\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003ETeadus Vikipeediasse\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/a\u003E ning \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Vikipeedia:Teadusfoto_pildikorje_2024\" title=\"Vikipeedia:Teadusfoto pildikorje 2024\"\u003Eteadusfoto pildikorje\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E! 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Saadaval 59 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="سفينة بخارية – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سفينة بخارية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%82" title="Շոգենաւ – läänearmeenia" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Շոգենաւ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="läänearmeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paroxod" title="Paroxod – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Paroxod" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="بوخار گمیسی – lõunaaserbaidžaani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بوخار گمیسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="lõunaaserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perahu_uap" title="Perahu uap – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perahu uap" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot_api" title="Bot api – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bot api" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parobrod" title="Parobrod – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Parobrod" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Параход – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Параход" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parn%C3%ADk" title="Parník – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Parník" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dampskib" title="Dampskib – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dampskib" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dampfschiff" title="Dampfschiff – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dampfschiff" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ατμόπλοιο – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ατμόπλοιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Steamboat" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barco_de_vapor" title="Barco de vapor – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Barco de vapor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurrunontzi" title="Lurrunontzi – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lurrunontzi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="کشتی بخار – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کشتی بخار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bateau_%C3%A0_vapeur" title="Bateau à vapeur – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bateau à vapeur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoomskip" title="Stoomskip – läänefriisi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Stoomskip" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="läänefriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A0ta-sm%C3%B9id" title="Bàta-smùid – gaeli" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bàta-smùid" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaeli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A6%9D%EA%B8%B0%EC%84%A0" title="증기선 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="증기선" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE" title="Շոգենավ – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շոգենավ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0" title="स्टीमर – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्टीमर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parobrod" title="Parobrod – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Parobrod" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapornavo" title="Vapornavo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Vapornavo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gufuskip" title="Gufuskip – islandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gufuskip" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piroscafo" title="Piroscafo – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Piroscafo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8" title="אוניית קיטור – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוניית קיטור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapal_uwab" title="Kapal uwab – jaava" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kapal uwab" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jaava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Пароход – kirgiisi" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Пароход" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navis_vaporaria" title="Navis vaporaria – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Navis vaporaria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garlaivis" title="Garlaivis – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Garlaivis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%91zhaj%C3%B3" title="Gőzhajó – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gőzhajó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Пароброд – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пароброд" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoomboot" title="Stoomboot – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stoomboot" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%97%E8%88%B9" title="蒸気船 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="蒸気船" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dampskip" title="Dampskip – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dampskip" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dampb%C3%A5t" title="Dampbåt – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dampbåt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat%C3%A8u_de_vapor" title="Batèu de vapor – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Batèu de vapor" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barco_a_vapor" title="Barco a vapor – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Barco a vapor" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nav%C4%83_cu_aburi" title="Navă cu aburi – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Navă cu aburi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamers" title="Steamers – šoti" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Steamers" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="šoti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dampskip" title="Dampskip – saterfriisi" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Dampskip" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapuri_(trasportu_marittimu)" title="Vapuri (trasportu marittimu) – sitsiilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vapuri (trasportu marittimu)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sitsiilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Steamboat" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parn%C3%ADk" title="Parník – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Parník" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parnik" title="Parnik – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Parnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Пароброд – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пароброд" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parobrod" title="Parobrod – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Parobrod" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngfartyg" title="Ångfartyg – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ångfartyg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="நீராவிக் கப்பல் – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நீராவிக் கப்பல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3" title="เรือจักรไอน้ำ – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เรือจักรไอน้ำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuy%E1%BB%81n_h%C6%A1i_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc" title="Thuyền hơi nước – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thuyền hơi nước" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%27%C3%AAst%C3%A1s%C3%A9mo" title="Ho'êstásémo – šaieeni" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Ho'êstásémo" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="šaieeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buharl%C4%B1_gemi" title="Buharlı gemi – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Buharlı gemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bate%C5%82o_a_vapore" title="Bateło a vapore – veneti" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Bateło a vapore" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinapaasohan_nga_barko" title="Pinapaasohan nga barko – varai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pinapaasohan nga barko" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B1%BD%E8%88%B9" title="蒸汽船 – uu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="蒸汽船" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="uu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E8%88%B9" title="火船 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="火船" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B1%BD%E8%88%B9" title="蒸汽船 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蒸汽船" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q178193#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nimeruumid"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aurik" title="Vaata sisulehekülge [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arutelu:Aurik&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Arutelu selle lehekülje sisu kohta (pole veel kirjutatud) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Arutelu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Muuda keelevarianti" > <label 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title="Muuda seda lehekülge [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Muuda</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurik&action=edit" title="Redigeeri selle lehekülje lähteteksti [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Muuda lähteteksti</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurik&action=history" title="Selle lehekülje varasemad redaktsioonid [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Näita ajalugu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lehekülje tööriistad"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tööriistad" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tööriistad</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tööriistad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">peida</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Veel võimalusi" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Toimingud </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aurik"><span>Vaata</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurik&veaction=edit" title="Muuda seda lehekülge [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Muuda</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurik&action=edit" title="Redigeeri selle lehekülje lähteteksti [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Muuda lähteteksti</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurik&action=history"><span>Näita ajalugu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Üldine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Lingid_siia/Aurik" title="Kõik viki leheküljed, mis siia viitavad [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lingid siia</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Seotud_muudatused/Aurik" rel="nofollow" title="Viimased muudatused lehekülgedel, millele on siit viidatud [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Seotud muudatused</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Erilehek%C3%BCljed" title="Erilehekülgede loend [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Erileheküljed</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurik&oldid=6697528" title="Püsilink lehekülje sellele redaktsioonile"><span>Püsilink</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurik&action=info" title="Lisateave selle lehekülje kohta"><span>Lehekülje teave</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sellele_lehek%C3%BCljele_viitamine&page=Aurik&id=6697528&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Teave sellele leheküljele viitamise kohta"><span>Viita leheküljele</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAurik"><span>Hangi lühendatud URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAurik"><span>Laadi alla QR-kood</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Teistes projektides </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Steamboats" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q178193" title="Link andmehoidla seonduva üksuse juurde [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Andmeüksus</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lehekülje tööriistad"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Ilme"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ilme</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">peida</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Allikas: Vikipeedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:SS_Ukkopekka_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/SS_Ukkopekka_1.jpg/220px-SS_Ukkopekka_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/SS_Ukkopekka_1.jpg/330px-SS_Ukkopekka_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/SS_Ukkopekka_1.jpg/440px-SS_Ukkopekka_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2608" data-file-height="1952" /></a><figcaption>Soome aurik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukkopekka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukkopekka (pole veel kirjutatud)">Ukkopekka</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Aurik</b> ehk <b>aurulaev</b> on <a href="/wiki/Laev" title="Laev">laev</a>, mille jõuallikaks on üks või mitu <a href="/wiki/Aurumasin" title="Aurumasin">aurumasinat</a> või -<a href="/wiki/Auruturbiin" title="Auruturbiin">turbiini</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EE_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aurikute auru tootvad katlad on tänapäeval sageli <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%95lik%C3%BCte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Õliküte (pole veel kirjutatud)">õliküttega</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EE_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Auruturbiinid on tänapäeval ühed kõige võimsamad <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laevaj%C3%B5useade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laevajõuseade (pole veel kirjutatud)">laevajõuseadmed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EE_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neid kasutatakse näiteks <a href="/wiki/Tanker" title="Tanker">tankeritel</a>, kiiretel <a href="/wiki/Konteinerlaev" class="mw-redirect" title="Konteinerlaev">konteinerlaevadel</a> jpt.<sup id="cite_ref-EE_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Ma-rahwa_Kalender_ehk_T%C3%A4ht-ramat_1844_Ajastaja_p%C3%A4le;_illustration;_wood_engraving.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ma-rahwa_Kalender_ehk_T%C3%A4ht-ramat_1844_Ajastaja_p%C3%A4le%3B_illustration%3B_wood_engraving.jpg/220px-Ma-rahwa_Kalender_ehk_T%C3%A4ht-ramat_1844_Ajastaja_p%C3%A4le%3B_illustration%3B_wood_engraving.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ma-rahwa_Kalender_ehk_T%C3%A4ht-ramat_1844_Ajastaja_p%C3%A4le%3B_illustration%3B_wood_engraving.jpg/330px-Ma-rahwa_Kalender_ehk_T%C3%A4ht-ramat_1844_Ajastaja_p%C3%A4le%3B_illustration%3B_wood_engraving.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ma-rahwa_Kalender_ehk_T%C3%A4ht-ramat_1844_Ajastaja_p%C3%A4le%3B_illustration%3B_wood_engraving.jpg/440px-Ma-rahwa_Kalender_ehk_T%C3%A4ht-ramat_1844_Ajastaja_p%C3%A4le%3B_illustration%3B_wood_engraving.jpg 2x" data-file-width="693" data-file-height="429" /></a><figcaption>Eesti esimene aurulaev <i>Juliane Clementine</i> (gravüür, 1844)</figcaption></figure> <p>Aurikuid hakati leiutama varsti pärast aurumasina leiutamist, aga praktiliselt võeti nad kasutusse alles <a href="/wiki/19._sajand" title="19. sajand">19. sajandil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tehnikaleksikon_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tehnikaleksikon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Robert_Fulton_presents_the_first_steamship_to_Napoleon_Bonaparte_in_1803.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Robert_Fulton_presents_the_first_steamship_to_Napoleon_Bonaparte_in_1803.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="265" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="265" /></a><figcaption>Fulton demonstreerib oma aurikut 1803. aastal Napoleonile</figcaption></figure> <p>Esimest aurikut demonstreeris <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I" title="Napoleon I">Napoleonile</a> 1803. aasta 9. augustil <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine'i</a> jõel Pariisis leiutaja Robert Fulton.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Esimese kommertskasutuses olnud auriku ehitas <a href="/wiki/1807" title="1807">1807</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fulton" title="Robert Fulton">Robert Fulton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tehnikaleksikon_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tehnikaleksikon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seda kasutati reisijate veol mööda <a href="/wiki/Hudsoni_j%C3%B5gi" title="Hudsoni jõgi">Hudsoni jõge</a> <a href="/wiki/Albany" title="Albany">Albany</a> ja <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New Yorgi</a> vahel. <a href="/wiki/Venemaa" title="Venemaa">Venemaal</a> ehitati esimene aurik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jelizaveta_(laev)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jelizaveta (laev) (pole veel kirjutatud)">Jelizaveta</a> <a href="/wiki/1815" title="1815">1815</a> ühenduse pidamiseks <a href="/wiki/Peterburi" title="Peterburi">Peterburi</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Kroonlinn" title="Kroonlinn">Kroonlinna</a> vahel.<sup id="cite_ref-Tehnikaleksikon_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tehnikaleksikon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eestis nähti aurulaeva esimest korda 1827. aastal, kui Tallinna külastas Inglismaa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ratasaurik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ratasaurik (pole veel kirjutatud)">ratasaurik</a> George VI. 1842. aastal jõudis Eestisse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peipsi-Emaj%C3%B5e_vesikond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peipsi-Emajõe vesikond (pole veel kirjutatud)">Peipsi-Emajõe</a> vesikonda esimene aurulaev <a href="/wiki/Juliane_Clementine" title="Juliane Clementine">Juliane Clementine</a> ning tegi esimese sõidu 1843. aasta 27. mail.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Samal aastal alustas Emajõel ja Võrtsjärvel tegevust aurupaat Karl.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tänapäeval kasutatakse aurikuid vähe. Peamiseks laevatüübiks on kujunenud <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mootorlaev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mootorlaev (pole veel kirjutatud)">mootorlaev</a>, mille <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peamasin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peamasin (pole veel kirjutatud)">peamasin</a> on <a href="/wiki/Sisep%C3%B5lemismootor" title="Sisepõlemismootor">sisepõlemismootor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tehnikaleksikon_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tehnikaleksikon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurik&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurik&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EE-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EE_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EE_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EE_1-2">1,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EE_1-3">1,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Eesti_ents%C3%BCklopeedia" title="Eesti entsüklopeedia">EE</a> 1. köide, 1985.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tehnikaleksikon-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Tehnikaleksikon_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Tehnikaleksikon_2-1">2,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Tehnikaleksikon_2-2">2,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Tehnikaleksikon_2-3">2,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tehnikaleksikon" title="Tehnikaleksikon">Tehnikaleksikon</a>, lk. 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6066747">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://entsyklopeedia.ee/artikkel/fulton_robert1">"Fulton, Robert - Eesti Entsüklopeedia"</a>. <i>entsyklopeedia.ee</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 9. augustil 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=entsyklopeedia.ee&rft.atitle=Fulton%2C+Robert+-+Eesti+Ents%C3%BCklopeedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fentsyklopeedia.ee%2Fartikkel%2Ffulton_robert1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AAurik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dea.digar.ee/cgi-bin/dea?a=d&d=uhistoo19661222.2.15&e=-------et-25--1--txt-txIN%7CtxTI%7CtxAU%7CtxTA-------------">"Ühistöö : Rapla maakonna ajaleht 22 detsember 1966 — DIGAR Eesti artiklid"</a>. <i>dea.digar.ee</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 9. augustil 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dea.digar.ee&rft.atitle=%C3%9Chist%C3%B6%C3%B6+%3A+Rapla+maakonna+ajaleht+22+detsember+1966+%E2%80%94+DIGAR+Eesti+artiklid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdea.digar.ee%2Fcgi-bin%2Fdea%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3Duhistoo19661222.2.15%26e%3D-------et-25--1--txt-txIN%257CtxTI%257CtxAU%257CtxTA-------------&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AAurik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFEfkin2021" class="citation web cs1">Efkin (25. mai 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emsa.ee/2021/05/25/esimene-eestis-ehitatud-aurik-juliane-clementine-sai-nime-onnetult-hukkunud-preili-jargi/">"Esimene Eestis ehitatud aurik Juliane Clementine sai nime õnnetult hukkunud preili järgi"</a>. <i>EMSA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 9. augustil 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EMSA&rft.atitle=Esimene+Eestis+ehitatud+aurik+Juliane+Clementine+sai+nime+%C3%B5nnetult+hukkunud+preili+j%C3%A4rgi&rft.date=2021-05-25&rft.au=Efkin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Femsa.ee%2F2021%2F05%2F25%2Fesimene-eestis-ehitatud-aurik-juliane-clementine-sai-nime-onnetult-hukkunud-preili-jargi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AAurik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tehnikamaailm.ee/artikkel/juliane-clementine-esimene-omataoline">"Juliane Clementine – esimene omataoline | tehnikamaailm.ee"</a>. <i>tehnikamaailm.ee</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 9. augustil 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tehnikamaailm.ee&rft.atitle=Juliane+Clementine+%E2%80%93+esimene+omataoline+%7C+tehnikamaailm.ee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftehnikamaailm.ee%2Fartikkel%2Fjuliane-clementine-esimene-omataoline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AAurik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohtuleht.ee/naine/692944/kuidas-parnusse-joudis-esimene-aurulaev">"Kuidas Pärnusse jõudis esimene aurulaev"</a>. <i>www.ohtuleht.ee</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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