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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Infrastruktur" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Infrastruktur" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Infrastruktur" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Infrastruktur" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastruktur_dalam_pengertian_lain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastruktur_dalam_pengertian_lain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Infrastruktur dalam pengertian lain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastruktur_dalam_pengertian_lain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kategori_Infrastruktur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kategori_Infrastruktur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kategori Infrastruktur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kategori_Infrastruktur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jenis_Infrastruktur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jenis_Infrastruktur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Jenis Infrastruktur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jenis_Infrastruktur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastruktur_"keras"_vs_infrastruktur_"lunak"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastruktur_"keras"_vs_infrastruktur_"lunak""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Infrastruktur "keras" vs infrastruktur "lunak"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastruktur_"keras"_vs_infrastruktur_"lunak"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastruktur_keras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastruktur_keras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Infrastruktur keras</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastruktur_keras-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Infrastruktur keras</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastruktur_keras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Infrastruktur_transportasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastruktur_transportasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Infrastruktur transportasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastruktur_transportasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastruktur_air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastruktur_air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Infrastruktur air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastruktur_air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastruktur_energi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastruktur_energi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Infrastruktur energi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastruktur_energi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Infrastruktur</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 93 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">93 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastruktuur" title="Infrastruktuur – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Infrastruktuur" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%88%A0%E1%88%A8%E1%89%B0_%E1%88%8D%E1%88%9B%E1%89%B5" title="መሠረተ ልማት – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መሠረተ ልማት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="بنية تحتية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بنية تحتية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraestructura" title="Infraestructura – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Infraestructura" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nfrastruktur" title="İnfrastruktur – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İnfrastruktur" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impraestruktura" title="Impraestruktura – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Impraestruktura" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Інфраструктура – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Інфраструктура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Інфраструктура – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Інфраструктура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Инфраструктура – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Инфраструктура" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0" title="इंफ्रास्ट्रक्चर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इंफ्रास्ट्रक्चर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B" title="অবকাঠামো – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অবকাঠামো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastruktura" title="Infrastruktura – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Infrastruktura" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraestructura" title="Infraestructura – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Infraestructura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ژێرخان – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژێرخان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastruktura" title="Infrastruktura – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Infrastruktura" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isadeiledd" title="Isadeiledd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Isadeiledd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastruktur" title="Infrastruktur – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Infrastruktur" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastruktur" title="Infrastruktur – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Infrastruktur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AE" title="Υποδομή – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υποδομή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Infrastructure" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastrukturo" title="Infrastrukturo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Infrastrukturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraestructura_urbana" title="Infraestructura urbana – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Infraestructura urbana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taristu" title="Taristu – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Taristu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azpiegitura" title="Azpiegitura – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Azpiegitura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="زیرساخت – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیرساخت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastruktuuri" title="Infrastruktuuri – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Infrastruktuuri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Infrastructure" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infreastrucht%C3%BAr" title="Infreastruchtúr – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Infreastruchtúr" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enfrastriktir" title="Enfrastriktir – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Enfrastriktir" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraestrutura" title="Infraestrutura – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Infraestrutura" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA" title="תשתית – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תשתית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="आधारिक संरचना – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आधारिक संरचना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastruktura" title="Infrastruktura – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Infrastruktura" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastrukt%C3%BAra" title="Infrastruktúra – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Infrastruktúra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%B6%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%81%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D6%84" title="Ենթակառուցվածք – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ենթակառուցվածք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructura" title="Infrastructura – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Infrastructura" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastruttura" title="Infrastruttura – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Infrastruttura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC" title="インフラストラクチャー – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インフラストラクチャー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ინფრასტრუქტურა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინფრასტრუქტურა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%9B%D2%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Инфрақұрылым – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Инфрақұрылым" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%92" title="ហេដ្ឋារចនាសម្ព័ន្ធ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ហេដ្ឋារចនាសម្ព័ន្ធ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ಮೂಲಸೌಕರ್ಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೂಲಸೌಕರ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%B0%98_%EC%8B%9C%EC%84%A4" title="기반 시설 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기반 시설" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%B7%D2%AF%D0%BC" title="Инфратүзүм – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Инфратүзүм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructura" title="Infrastructura – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Infrastructura" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastruktur" title="Infrastruktur – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Infrastruktur" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructuur" title="Infrastructuur – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Infrastructuur" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AA%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ໂຄງສ້າງພື້ນຖານ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໂຄງສ້າງພື້ນຖານ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastrukt%C5%ABra" title="Infrastruktūra – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Infrastruktūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastrukt%C5%ABra" title="Infrastruktūra – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Infrastruktūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotodrafitrasa" title="Fotodrafitrasa – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fotodrafitrasa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Инфраструктура – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Инфраструктура" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B4_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%86" title="Дэд бүтэц – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дэд бүтэц" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="आधारभूत संरचना – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आधारभूत संरचना" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastruktur" title="Infrastruktur – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Infrastruktur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="पूर्वाधार – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पूर्वाधार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructuur" title="Infrastructuur – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Infrastructuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastruktur" title="Infrastruktur – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Infrastruktur" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastruktur" title="Infrastruktur – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Infrastruktur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE" title="ਬੁਨਿਆਦੀ ਢਾਂਚਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੁਨਿਆਦੀ ਢਾਂਚਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastruktura" title="Infrastruktura – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Infrastruktura" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%88%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%86%D8%A7" title="بنیادی ڈھانچا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بنیادی ڈھانچا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraestrutura_(engenharia)" title="Infraestrutura (engenharia) – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Infraestrutura (engenharia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructur%C4%83" title="Infrastructură – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Infrastructură" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Инфраструктура – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Инфраструктура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Алын тутул – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Алын тутул" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastruktura" title="Infrastruktura – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Infrastruktura" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BD_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%BA" title="යටිතල ව්‍යුහය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="යටිතල ව්‍යුහය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Infrastructure" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastruktura" title="Infrastruktura – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Infrastruktura" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutsaunda" title="Hutsaunda – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Hutsaunda" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaabayaal" title="Kaabayaal – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kaabayaal" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastruktura" title="Infrastruktura – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Infrastruktura" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Инфраструктура – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Инфраструктура" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastruktur" title="Infrastruktur – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Infrastruktur" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastruktur" title="Infrastruktur – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Infrastruktur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miundombinu" title="Miundombinu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miundombinu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="உட்கட்டமைப்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உட்கட்டமைப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Инфрасохтор – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Инфрасохтор" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="โครงสร้างพื้นฐาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โครงสร้างพื้นฐาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impraestruktura" title="Impraestruktura – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Impraestruktura" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altyap%C4%B1" title="Altyapı – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Altyapı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Інфраструктура – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Інфраструктура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%88%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%86%DB%81" title="بنیادی ڈھانچہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بنیادی ڈھانچہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infratuzilma" title="Infratuzilma – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Infratuzilma" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastrutura" title="Infrastrutura – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Infrastrutura" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4ng_tr%C3%ACnh_h%E1%BA%A1_t%E1%BA%A7ng_x%C3%A3_h%E1%BB%99i" title="Công trình hạ tầng xã hội – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Công trình hạ tầng xã hội" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E8%AE%BE%E6%96%BD" title="基础设施 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="基础设施" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8" title="אינפראסטרוקטור – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אינפראסטרוקטור" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E8%AE%BE%E6%96%BD" title="基础设施 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="基础设施" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki-t%C3%A9_ki%C3%A0n-siat" title="Ki-té kiàn-siat – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ki-té kiàn-siat" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E8%A8%AD%E6%96%BD" title="基礎設施 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="基礎設施" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingqalasizinda" title="Ingqalasizinda – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ingqalasizinda" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q121359#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. 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vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Infrastruktur"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Infrastruktur" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Infrastruktur" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&oldid=25299251" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Infrastruktur&id=25299251&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FInfrastruktur"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FInfrastruktur"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Infrastruktur"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Infrastruktur&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Infrastructure" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q121359" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><p><b>Infrastruktur</b> atau <b>prasarana</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adalah seluruh struktur dan juga fasilitas dasar, baik itu fisik maupun sosial seperti bangunan, pasokan listrik, irigasi, jalan, jembatan dan lain sebagainya yang dibutuhkan untuk operasional aktivitas masyarakat maupun perusahaan.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> Infrastruktur <a href="/wiki/Fisik" title="Fisik">fisik</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sosial" class="mw-disambig" title="Sosial">sosial</a> dapat didefinisikan sebagai kebutuhan dasar fisik pengorganisasian sistem struktur yang diperlukan untuk jaminan ekonomi <i>sektor publik</i> dan <i>sektor privat</i> <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sebagai layanan dan fasilitas yang diperlukan <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> agar perekonomian dapat berfungsi dengan baik <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Istilah ini umumnya merujuk kepada hal <i>infrastruktur teknis atau fisik</i> yang mendukung jaringan struktur seperti fasilitas antara lain dapat berupa <a href="/wiki/Jalan" title="Jalan">jalan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kereta_api" title="Kereta api">kereta api</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_bersih" title="Air bersih">air bersih</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bandara" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandara">bandara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanal" title="Kanal">kanal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waduk" title="Waduk">waduk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanggul" title="Tanggul">tanggul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limbah" title="Limbah">pengelolahan limbah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Listrik" title="Listrik">perlistrikan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telekomunikasi" title="Telekomunikasi">telekomunikasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pelabuhan" title="Pelabuhan">pelabuhan</a> secara fungsional, infrastruktur selain fasilitasi akan tetapi dapat pula mendukung kelancaran aktivitas ekonomi masyarakat, <a href="/wiki/Distribusi" class="mw-disambig" title="Distribusi">distribusi</a> aliran <a href="/wiki/Produksi" title="Produksi">produksi</a> <a href="/wiki/Barang" title="Barang">barang</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Jasa" title="Jasa">jasa</a> sebagai contoh bahwa jalan dapat melancarkan <a href="/wiki/Transportasi" title="Transportasi">transportasi</a> pengiriman bahan baku sampai ke pabrik kemudian untuk distribusi ke pasar hingga sampai kepada masyarakat. </p><p>Dalam beberapa pengertian, istilah infrastruktur termasuk pula <i>infrastruktur sosial</i> berupa kebutuhan dasar antara lain termasuk <a href="/wiki/Sekolah" title="Sekolah">sekolah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Rumah_sakit" title="Rumah sakit">rumah sakit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bila dalam militer, istilah ini dapat pula merujuk kepada bangunan permanen dan instalasi yang diperlukan untuk mendukung operasi dan pemindahan tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastruktur_dalam_pengertian_lain">Infrastruktur dalam pengertian lain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Infrastruktur dalam pengertian lain" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Infrastruktur dalam pengertian lain"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dalam kegunaan dalam aplikasi lain, <i>infrastruktur</i> dapat merujuk pada <i>teknologi informasi</i>, saluran komunikasi formal dan informal serta alat-alat pengembangan <a href="/wiki/Perangkat_lunak" title="Perangkat lunak">perangkat lunak</a>, jaringan sosial politik atau kepercayaan pada kelompok-kelompok masyarakat tertentu. Dalam konseptual gagasan bahwa struktur pengorganisasian merupakan penyediaan infrastruktur dan dukungan untuk sistem atau bagi layanan organisasi seperti dalam sebuah kota, negara, perusahaan, atau kumpulan orang dengan kepentingan umum. Infrastruktur dapat pula mengacu pada sebuah konsep yang dikembangkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> berartikulasi dengan <a href="/wiki/Suprastruktur_(filosofis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suprastruktur (filosofis)">suprastruktur</a> </p><p>Infrastruktur sama saja dengan prasarana, yaitu segala sesuatu yg merupakan penunjang utama terselenggaranya suatu proses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kategori_Infrastruktur">Kategori Infrastruktur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Kategori Infrastruktur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kategori Infrastruktur"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Enam kategori besar infrastruktur (Grigg): </p> <ol><li>Kelompok jalan (jalan, jalan raya, jembatan);</li> <li>Kelompok pelayanan transportasi (transit, jalan rel, pelabuhan, bandar udara);</li> <li>Kelompok air (air bersih, air kotor, semua sistem air, termasuk jalan air);</li> <li>Kelompok manajemen limbah (sistem manajemen limbah padat);</li> <li>Kelompok bangunan dan fasilitas olahraga luar;</li> <li>Kelompok produksi dan distribusi energi (listrik dan gas);</li></ol> <p>Fasilitas fisik Infrastruktur (Grigg): </p> <ol><li>Sistem penyediaan air bersih, termasuk dam, reservoir, transmisi, treatment, dan fasilitas distribusi;</li> <li>Sistem manajemen air limbah, termasuk pengumpulan, treatment, pembuangan, dan sistem pemakaian kembali;</li> <li>Fasilitas manajemen limbah padat;</li> <li>Fasilitas transportasi, termasuk jalan raya, jalan rel dan bandar udara. Termasuk didalamnya adalah lampu, sinyal, dan fasilitas kontrol;</li> <li>Sistem transit publik;</li> <li>Sistem kelistrikan, termasuk produksi dan distribusi;</li> <li>Fasilitas pengolahan gas alam;</li> <li>Fasilitas pengaturan banjir, drainase, dan irigasi;</li> <li>Fasilitas navigasi dan lalu lintas/jalan air;</li> <li>Bangunan publik seperti sekolah, rumah sakit, kantor polisi, fasilitas pemadam kebakaran;</li> <li>Fasilitas perumahan;</li> <li>Taman, tempat bermain, dan fasilitas rekreasi, termasuk stadion.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jenis_Infrastruktur">Jenis Infrastruktur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Jenis Infrastruktur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Jenis Infrastruktur"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Infrastruktur sendiri dapat dipilah menjadi tiga bagian besar sebagai berikut </p> <dl><dt>Infrastruktur keras (physical hard infrastructure)</dt></dl> <p>meliputi jalan raya dan kereta api, bandara, dermaga, pelabuhan, dan saluran irigasi. </p> <dl><dt>Infrastruktur keras non-fisik (non-physical hard infrastructure)</dt></dl> <p>yang berkaitan dengan fungsi utilitas umum, seperti ketersediaan air bersih berikut instalasi pengolaan air dan jaringan pipa penyalur, pasokan listrik, jaringan telekomunikasi (telepon dan internet), dan pasokan energi mulai dari minyak bumi, biodiesel, dan gas berikut pipa distribusinya. </p> <dl><dt>Infrastruktur lunak (soft infrastructure)</dt></dl> <p>Biasa pula disebut kerangka institusional atau kelembagaan yang meliputi berbagai nilai (termasuk etos kerja), norma (khususnya yang telah dikembangkan dan dikodifikasikan menjadi peraturan hukum dan perundang-undangan), serta kualitas pelayanan umum yang disediakan oleh berbagai pihak terkait, khususnya pemerintah . </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastruktur_"keras"_vs_infrastruktur_"lunak""><span id="Infrastruktur_.22keras.22_vs_infrastruktur_.22lunak.22"></span>Infrastruktur "keras" vs infrastruktur "lunak"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Infrastruktur "keras" vs infrastruktur "lunak"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Infrastruktur "keras" vs infrastruktur "lunak""><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Infrastruktur "keras" merujuk kepada jaringan fisik yang berukuran relatif besar dan fungsional, sedangkan infrastruktur "lunak" adalah <a href="/wiki/Institusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Institusi">institusi</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Lembaga" title="Lembaga">lembaga</a> yang berperan dalam menjalankan fungsi ekonomi, kesehatan, pendidikan, sosial, dan budaya di dalam sebuah negara (misal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistem_edukasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistem edukasi (halaman belum tersedia)">sistem edukasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sistem_ekonomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem ekonomi">sistem ekonomi</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-opendb.net_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opendb.net-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastruktur_keras">Infrastruktur keras</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Infrastruktur keras" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Infrastruktur keras"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infrastruktur_transportasi">Infrastruktur transportasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Infrastruktur transportasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Infrastruktur transportasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jaringan <a href="/wiki/Jalan_raya" title="Jalan raya">jalan raya</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Jalan_tol" title="Jalan tol">jalan tol</a>, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Jembatan" title="Jembatan">jembatan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terowongan" title="Terowongan">terowongan</a>, dan infrastruktur pendukungnya seperti <a href="/wiki/Lampu_jalan" title="Lampu jalan">lampu jalan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rambu_lalu_lintas" title="Rambu lalu lintas">rambu lalu lintas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saluran_air&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saluran air (halaman belum tersedia)">saluran air</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trotoar" title="Trotoar">trotoar</a>, dan sebagainya.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalur_sepeda" title="Jalur sepeda">Jalur sepeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportasi_publik" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportasi publik">Transportasi publik</a> massa seperti <a href="/wiki/Kereta_api" title="Kereta api">kereta api</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trem" title="Trem">trem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanal" title="Kanal">Kanal</a> sebagai <a href="/wiki/Transportasi_air" title="Transportasi air">transportasi air</a> dalam pulau</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelabuhan" title="Pelabuhan">Pelabuhan</a> laut sebagai transportasi air antar pulau</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_udara" title="Bandar udara">Bandar udara</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infrastruktur_air">Infrastruktur air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Infrastruktur air" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Infrastruktur air"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_suplai_air&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaringan suplai air (halaman belum tersedia)">Jaringan suplai air</a> untuk air minum, penyimpanan air, dan sebagainya, mencakup <a href="/wiki/Pompa" title="Pompa">pompa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pipa" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Pipa">pipa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pemurnian_air" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemurnian air">pemurnian air</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alat_ukur" title="Alat ukur">alat ukur</a>, dan bangunan yang menyimpan fasilitas tersebut<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saluran_limbah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saluran limbah (halaman belum tersedia)">Saluran limbah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Instalasi_pengolahan_air_limbah" title="Instalasi pengolahan air limbah">instalasi pengolahan air limbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selokan" title="Selokan">Selokan</a> untuk mengalirkan <a href="/wiki/Limpasan_permukaan" title="Limpasan permukaan">limpasan permukaan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Air_hujan" class="mw-redirect" title="Air hujan">air hujan</a></li> <li>Sistem <a href="/wiki/Pengendalian_banjir" title="Pengendalian banjir">pengendalian banjir</a></li> <li>Sistem <a href="/wiki/Irigasi" title="Irigasi">irigasi</a></li> <li>Sistem pembersihan salju, termasuk truk penyapu, truk <a href="/wiki/Penebar_taburan" title="Penebar taburan">penebar garam</a> untuk mencairkan salju, dan sebagainya.</li> <li>Struktur pinggir laut seperti <a href="/wiki/Tembok_laut" title="Tembok laut">tembok laut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pemecah_gelombang" title="Pemecah gelombang">pemecah gelombang</a>, pengukur tinggi <a href="/wiki/Pasang_surut" title="Pasang surut">pasang surut</a>, dan sebagainya</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infrastruktur_energi">Infrastruktur energi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Infrastruktur energi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Infrastruktur energi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_tenaga_listrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaringan tenaga listrik (halaman belum tersedia)">Jaringan tenaga listrik</a>, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Pembangkit_listrik" title="Pembangkit listrik">pembangkit listrik</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_kabel_listrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaringan kabel listrik (halaman belum tersedia)">jaringan kabel listrik</a>.</li> <li>Jaringan penyalur <a href="/wiki/Gas_alam" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas alam">gas alam</a>, termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpipaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perpipaan (halaman belum tersedia)">perpipaan</a>, penyimpanan, dan transportasi pengangkut gas (<a href="/wiki/Truk_tangki" title="Truk tangki">truk tangki</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapal_tangker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapal tangker (halaman belum tersedia)">kapal tangker</a>).</li> <li>Jaringan <a href="/wiki/Minyak_bumi" title="Minyak bumi">minyak bumi</a>, termasuk perpipaan, penyimpanan, dan transportasi</li> <li>Sistem penanganan batu bara</li></ul> <p>Tambang migas dan batu bara mungkin masuk ke dalam sistem ekonomi sektor industri dan pertambangan sehingga tidak termasuk infrastruktur keras.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_sipil" title="Teknik sipil">Teknik sipil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstruksi" title="Konstruksi">Konstruksi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsitektur" title="Arsitektur">Arsitektur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Infrastruktur" title="Kategori:Infrastruktur">Kategori:Infrastruktur</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/Prasarana">"Arti kata prasarana - Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring"</a>. <i>kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal 10-09-2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id&rft.atitle=Arti+kata+prasarana+-+Kamus+Besar+Bahasa+Indonesia+%28KBBI%29+Daring&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkbbi.kemdikbud.go.id%2Fentri%2FPrasarana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInfrastruktur" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Infrastructure</i>, Online Compact Oxford English Dictionary, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/infrastructure">http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/infrastructure</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101120717/https://languages.oup.com/">Diarsipkan</a> 2020-11-01 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (accessed August 21 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Infrastructure</i>, Online Compact Oxford English Dictionary, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/infrastructure">http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/infrastructure</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101120717/https://languages.oup.com/">Diarsipkan</a> 2020-11-01 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (accessed January 17 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_O%27_Sullivan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur O' Sullivan (halaman belum tersedia)">Sullivan, arthur</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220014709/https://www.savvas.com/index.cfm?locator=PSZu4y&PMDbSiteId=2781&PMDbSolutionId=6724&PMDbSubSolutionId=&PMDbCategoryId=815&PMDbSubCategoryId=24843&PMDbSubjectAreaId=&PMDbProgramId=23061"><i>Economics: Principles in action</i></a>. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458: Prentice Hall. hlm. 474. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-13-063085-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-13-063085-3">0-13-063085-3</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.savvas.com/index.cfm?locator=PSZu4y&PMDbSiteId=2781&PMDbSolutionId=6724&PMDbSubSolutionId=&PMDbCategoryId=815&PMDbSubCategoryId=24843&PMDbSubjectAreaId=&PMDbProgramId=23061">versi asli</a> tanggal 2016-12-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2021-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Economics%3A+Principles+in+action&rft.place=Upper+Saddle+River%2C+New+Jersey+07458&rft.pages=474&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-13-063085-3&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.savvas.com%2Findex.cfm%3Flocator%3DPSZu4y%26PMDbSiteId%3D2781%26PMDbSolutionId%3D6724%26PMDbSubSolutionId%3D%26PMDbCategoryId%3D815%26PMDbSubCategoryId%3D24843%26PMDbSubjectAreaId%3D%26PMDbProgramId%3D23061&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInfrastruktur" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Infrastructure</i>, American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/infrastructure">http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/infrastructure</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201102043636/https://www.yahoo.com/">Diarsipkan</a> 2020-11-02 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (accessed January 17 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Infrastructure</i>, JP1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, p. 260, 12 April 2001 (rev. 31 August 2005) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA439918&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf(accessed">http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA439918&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf(accessed</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201118100621/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a439918.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> 2020-11-18 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. January 17 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-opendb.net-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-opendb.net_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723233028/http://www.opendb.net/element/19099.php">"Salinan arsip"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opendb.net/element/19099.php">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-07-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2014-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salinan+arsip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opendb.net%2Felement%2F19099.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInfrastruktur" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110703034727/http://129.3.20.41/eps/urb/papers/0506/0506002.pdf">"Salinan arsip"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://129.3.20.41/eps/urb/papers/0506/0506002.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2011-07-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2011-07-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salinan+arsip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F129.3.20.41%2Feps%2Furb%2Fpapers%2F0506%2F0506002.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInfrastruktur" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040504170851/http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj11n2/cj11n2-4.pdf">"Salinan arsip"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj11n2/cj11n2-4.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2004-05-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2014-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salinan+arsip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cato.org%2Fpubs%2Fjournal%2Fcj11n2%2Fcj11n2-4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInfrastruktur" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Grübler, Arnulf (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120301221205/http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Admin/PUB/Documents/XB-90-704.pdf"><i>The Rise and Fall of Infrastructures: Dynamics of Evolution and Technological Change in Transport</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Heidelberg and New York: Physica-Verlag. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Admin/PUB/Documents/XB-90-704.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2012-03-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2014-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Infrastructures%3A+Dynamics+of+Evolution+and+Technological+Change+in+Transport&rft.place=Heidelberg+and+New+York&rft.pub=Physica-Verlag&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Gr%C3%BCbler&rft.aufirst=Arnulf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iiasa.ac.at%2FAdmin%2FPUB%2FDocuments%2FXB-90-704.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInfrastruktur" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Economic Infrastructure CRS Codes, OECD <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/12/25/43860714.pdf">http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/12/25/43860714.pdf</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/37px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/55px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/73px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Lihat <i><b><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/en:infrastructure" class="extiw" title="wikt:en:infrastructure">en:infrastructure</a></b></i> di <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a>, kamus gratis.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publicprivate.corank.com/">PPP News Aggregator</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nams.org.nz/Home">NZ National Asset Management Steering Group</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081014032047/http://www.nams.org.nz/Home">Diarsipkan</a> 2008-10-14 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iam-uk.org/">UK institute of Asset Management</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldbank.org/inf/">World Bank Infrastructure for Development</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Belanda" lang="Belanda">(Belanda)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nginfra.nl">Next Generation Infrastructures international research programme</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://flyvbjerg.plan.aau.dk/whatisamegaproject.php">What is a megaproject</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070612071605/http://flyvbjerg.plan.aau.dk/whatisamegaproject.php">Diarsipkan</a> 2007-06-12 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regulationbodyofknowledge.org">Body of Knowledge on Infrastructure Regulation</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23035139"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Infrastructure" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Infrastructure"><span style="">Infrastructure</span></a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asce.org/reportcard/2009/">2009 Report Card for America's Infrastructure</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090224005232/http://www.asce.org/reportcard/2009/">Diarsipkan</a> 2009-02-24 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&oldid=25299251">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur&oldid=25299251</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Infrastruktur" title="Kategori:Infrastruktur">Infrastruktur</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Konstruksi" title="Kategori:Konstruksi">Konstruksi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pembangunan" title="Kategori:Pembangunan">Pembangunan</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Galat_CS1:_tanggal" title="Kategori:Galat CS1: tanggal">Galat CS1: tanggal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Templat_webarchive_tautan_wayback" title="Kategori:Templat webarchive tautan wayback">Templat webarchive tautan wayback</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_rujukan_yang_menggunakan_parameter_yang_tidak_didukung" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung">Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_dengan_pernyataan_yang_tidak_disertai_rujukan" title="Kategori:Artikel dengan pernyataan yang tidak disertai rujukan">Artikel dengan pernyataan yang tidak disertai rujukan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_dengan_pernyataan_yang_tidak_disertai_rujukan_Februari_2024" title="Kategori:Artikel dengan pernyataan yang tidak disertai rujukan Februari 2024">Artikel dengan pernyataan yang tidak disertai rujukan Februari 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pranala_kategori_Commons_ada_di_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Pranala kategori Commons ada di Wikidata">Pranala kategori Commons ada di Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 12 Februari 2024, pukul 01.26.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks tersedia di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Lisensi Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa Creative Commons</a>; 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