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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beginnings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beginnings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Beginnings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beginnings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Late 1990s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 2000s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Use_of_cookies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_cookies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.1 Use of cookies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_cookies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 2010s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 2020s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financing_and_initial_public_offering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financing_and_initial_public_offering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Financing and initial public offering </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financing_and_initial_public_offering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Name </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partnerships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnerships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Partnerships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnerships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DA%86%D9%87_%DA%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%84" title="تاریخچه گوگل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاریخچه گوگل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EA%B8%80%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="구글의 역사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="구글의 역사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storia_di_Google" title="Storia di Google – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Storia di Google" 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class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (October 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> was officially launched in 1998 by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Page" title="Larry Page">Larry Page</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Brin" title="Sergey Brin">Sergey Brin</a> to market <a href="/wiki/Google_Search" title="Google Search">Google Search</a>, which has become the most used <a href="/wiki/Web_search_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Web search engine">web-based search engine</a>. Larry Page and Sergey Brin, students at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> in California, developed a search algorithm first (1996) known as "BackRub", with the help of <a href="/wiki/Scott_Hassan" title="Scott Hassan">Scott Hassan</a> and Alan Steremberg. The search engine soon proved successful, and the expanding company moved several times, finally settling at <a href="/wiki/Mountain_View,_Santa_Clara_County,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain View, Santa Clara County, California">Mountain View</a> in 2003. This marked a phase of rapid growth, with the company making its <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a> in 2004 and quickly becoming one of the world's largest media companies. The company launched <a href="/wiki/Google_News" title="Google News">Google News</a> in 2002, <a href="/wiki/Gmail" title="Gmail">Gmail</a> in 2004, <a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Google Maps</a> in 2005, <a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome</a> in 2008, and the <a href="/wiki/Social_network" title="Social network">social network</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Google%2B" title="Google+">Google+</a> in 2011 (which was shut down in April 2019), in addition to <a href="/wiki/List_of_Google_products" title="List of Google products">many other products</a>. In 2015, Google became the main subsidiary of the holding company <a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet Inc.</a> The search engine went through many updates in attempts to eradicate <a href="/wiki/Search_engine_optimization" title="Search engine optimization">search engine optimization</a>. Google has engaged in partnerships with <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>, <a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>, <a href="/wiki/News_Corporation" title="News Corporation">News Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sky_UK" title="Sky UK">Sky UK</a>, and others. The company set up a charitable offshoot, <a href="/wiki/Google.org" title="Google.org">Google.org</a>, in 2005. The name Google is a misspelling of <a href="/wiki/Googol" title="Googol">Googol</a>, the number 1 followed by 100 zeros, which was picked to signify that the search engine was intended to provide large quantities of information. In August 2024, it was held that Google had an illegal monopoly over Internet search engines. In September 2024, it was held Google had an illegal monopoly in Europe with its shopping search. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Google&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Google_page_brin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Google_page_brin.jpg/220px-Google_page_brin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Google_page_brin.jpg/330px-Google_page_brin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Google_page_brin.jpg/440px-Google_page_brin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1541" data-file-height="1073" /></a><figcaption>Larry Page and Sergey Brin in 2003</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_first_Google_computer_at_Stanford.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_first_Google_computer_at_Stanford.jpg/170px-The_first_Google_computer_at_Stanford.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_first_Google_computer_at_Stanford.jpg/255px-The_first_Google_computer_at_Stanford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_first_Google_computer_at_Stanford.jpg/340px-The_first_Google_computer_at_Stanford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>The first Google computer at Stanford was housed in custom-made enclosures constructed from <a href="/wiki/Lego" title="Lego">LEGO</a> bricks.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>]</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beginnings">Beginnings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Google&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Beginnings">edit</a>]</div> Google has its origins in "BackRub", a research project that was begun in 1996 by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Page" title="Larry Page">Larry Page</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Brin" title="Sergey Brin">Sergey Brin</a> when they were both PhD students at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stanford,_California" title="Stanford, California">Stanford, California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-milestones-2">[2]</a> The project initially involved an unofficial "third founder", <a href="/wiki/Scott_Hassan" title="Scott Hassan">Scott Hassan</a>, the lead programmer who wrote much of the code for the original <a href="/wiki/Google_Search" title="Google Search">Google Search</a> engine, but he left before Google was officially founded as a company;<a href="#cite_note-vanityfair-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Hassan went on to pursue a career in <a href="/wiki/Robotics" title="Robotics">robotics</a> and founded the company <a href="/wiki/Willow_Garage" title="Willow Garage">Willow Garage</a> in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Craig_Nevill-Manning" title="Craig Nevill-Manning">Craig Nevill-Manning</a> was also invited to join Google at its formation but declined and then joined a little later on.<a href="#cite_note-nzherald-7">[7]</a> In the search of a dissertation theme, Larry Page had been considering among other things exploring the mathematical properties of the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>, understanding its link structure as a huge <a href="/wiki/Graph_(discrete_mathematics)" title="Graph (discrete mathematics)">graph</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wiredbirth-8">[8]</a> His supervisor, <a href="/wiki/Terry_Winograd" title="Terry Winograd">Terry Winograd</a>, encouraged him to pick this idea (which Larry Page later recalled as "the best advice I ever got"<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>) and Larry Page focused on the problem of finding out which web pages link to a given page, based on the consideration that the number and nature of such <a href="/wiki/Backlink" title="Backlink">backlinks</a> was valuable information about that page (with the role of <a href="/wiki/Citation" title="Citation">citations</a> in <a href="/wiki/Academic_publishing" title="Academic publishing">academic publishing</a> in mind).<a href="#cite_note-wiredbirth-8">[8]</a> Page told his ideas to Hassan, who began writing the code to implement Page's ideas.<a href="#cite_note-vanityfair-3">[3]</a> The research project was nicknamed "BackRub", and it was soon joined by Brin, who was supported by a <a href="/wiki/NSF-GRF" class="mw-redirect" title="NSF-GRF">National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Anatomy-10">[10]</a> The two had first met in the summer of 1995, when Page was part of a group of potential new students that Brin had volunteered to give a tour around the campus and nearby San Francisco.<a href="#cite_note-wiredbirth-8">[8]</a> Both Brin and Page were working on the <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Digital_Library_Project" title="Stanford Digital Library Project">Stanford Digital Library Project</a> (SDLP). The SDLP's goal was "to develop the enabling technologies for a single, integrated and universal digital library" and it was funded through the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a>, among other federal agencies.<a href="#cite_note-Anatomy-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Brin and Page were also part of a computer science research team at Stanford University that received funding from Massive Digital Data Systems (MDDS), a program managed for the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> (CIA) and the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a> (NSA) by large intelligence and military contractors.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Page's <a href="/wiki/Web_crawler" title="Web crawler">web crawler</a> began exploring the web in March 1996, with Page's own Stanford home page serving as the only starting point.<a href="#cite_note-wiredbirth-8">[8]</a> To convert the backlink data that is gathered for a given web page into a measure of importance, Brin and Page developed the <a href="/wiki/PageRank" title="PageRank">PageRank</a> algorithm.<a href="#cite_note-wiredbirth-8">[8]</a> While analyzing BackRub's output which, for a given URL, consisted of a list of backlinks ranked by importance, the pair realized that a search engine based on PageRank would produce better results than existing techniques (existing search engines at the time essentially ranked results according to how many times the search term appeared on a page).<a href="#cite_note-wiredbirth-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Convinced that the pages with the most links to them from other highly relevant Web pages must be the most relevant pages associated with the search, Page and Brin tested their thesis as part of their studies and laid the foundation for their search engine.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The first version of Google was released in August 1996 on the Stanford website. It used nearly half of Stanford's entire network bandwidth.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> Some Rough Statistics (from August 29, 1996) Total indexable HTML urls: 75.2306 Million Total content downloaded: 207.022 gigabytes ... <a href="/wiki/BackRub_(search_engine)" class="mw-redirect" title="BackRub (search engine)">BackRub</a> is written in Java and Python and runs on several Sun Ultras and Intel Pentiums running Linux. The primary database is kept on a Sun Ultra II with 28GB of disk. Scott Hassan and Alan Steremberg have provided a great deal of very talented implementation help. Sergey Brin has also been very involved and deserves many thanks.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Larry Page<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></cite></div></blockquote> Scott Hassan and Alan Steremberg were cited by Page and Brin as being critical to the development of Google.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rajeev_Motwani" title="Rajeev Motwani">Rajeev Motwani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Terry_Winograd" title="Terry Winograd">Terry Winograd</a> later co-authored with Page and Brin the first paper about the project, describing PageRank and the initial prototype of the Google search engine, published in 1998. <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Garc%C3%ADa-Molina" title="Héctor García-Molina">Héctor García-Molina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Ullman" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeff Ullman">Jeff Ullman</a> were also cited as contributors to the project.<a href="#cite_note-originalpaper-20">[20]</a> While setting up the Google engine, Page and Brin used the garage in their friend <a href="/wiki/Susan_Wojcicki" title="Susan Wojcicki">Susan Wojcicki</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Menlo_Park,_California" title="Menlo Park, California">Menlo Park</a> home for $1,700 a month.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> PageRank was influenced by a similar page-ranking and site-scoring algorithm earlier used for <a href="/wiki/RankDex" class="mw-redirect" title="RankDex">RankDex</a>, developed by <a href="/wiki/Robin_Li" title="Robin Li">Robin Li</a> in 1996. Larry Page's patent for PageRank filed in 1998 includes a citation to Li's earlier patent. Li later went on to create the Chinese search engine <a href="/wiki/Baidu" title="Baidu">Baidu</a> in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_1990s">Late 1990s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Google&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Late 1990s">edit</a>]</div> Originally the search engine used Stanford's website with the domains google.stanford.edu<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> and z.stanford.edu.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The domain google.com was registered on September 15, 1997. They formally incorporated their company, Google, on September 4, 1998 in their friend <a href="/wiki/Susan_Wojcicki" title="Susan Wojcicki">Susan Wojcicki</a>'s garage in <a href="/wiki/Menlo_Park,_California" title="Menlo Park, California">Menlo Park, California</a>. Wojcicki eventually became an executive at Google and CEO at <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Google%E2%80%99s_First_Production_Server.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Google%E2%80%99s_First_Production_Server.jpg/220px-Google%E2%80%99s_First_Production_Server.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Google%E2%80%99s_First_Production_Server.jpg/330px-Google%E2%80%99s_First_Production_Server.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Google%E2%80%99s_First_Production_Server.jpg/440px-Google%E2%80%99s_First_Production_Server.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2543" data-file-height="4209" /></a><figcaption>The first iteration of Google production servers was built with inexpensive hardware and was designed to be very fault-tolerant.</figcaption></figure> Both Brin and Page had been against using advertising pop-ups in a search engine, or an "advertising funded search engines" model, and they wrote a research paper in 1998 on the topic while still students. They changed their minds early on and allowed simple text ads.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> By the end of 1998, Google had an index of about 60 million pages.<a href="#cite_note-salon98-28">[28]</a> The home page was still marked "<a href="/wiki/Beta_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta test">BETA</a>", but an article in <a href="/wiki/Salon.com" title="Salon.com">Salon.com</a> already argued that Google's search results were better than those of competitors like <a href="/wiki/Hotbot" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotbot">Hotbot</a> or <a href="/wiki/Excite.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Excite.com">Excite.com</a>, and praised it for being more technologically innovative than the overloaded <a href="/wiki/Web_portal" title="Web portal">portal sites</a> (like <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a>, Excite.com, <a href="/wiki/Lycos" title="Lycos">Lycos</a>, Netscape's <a href="/wiki/Netscape" title="Netscape">Netcenter</a>, <a href="/wiki/AOL.com" class="mw-redirect" title="AOL.com">AOL.com</a>, <a href="/wiki/Go.com" title="Go.com">Go.com</a> and <a href="/wiki/MSN.com" class="mw-redirect" title="MSN.com">MSN.com</a>) which, during the growing <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">dot-com bubble</a>, were seen as "the future of the Web", especially by stock market investors.<a href="#cite_note-salon98-28">[28]</a> Early in 1999, Brin and Page decided they wanted to sell Google to <a href="/wiki/Excite_(web_portal)" title="Excite (web portal)">Excite</a>. They went to Excite CEO George Bell and offered to sell it to him for $1 million. He rejected the offer. <a href="/wiki/Vinod_Khosla" title="Vinod Khosla">Vinod Khosla</a>, one of Excite's venture capitalists, talked the duo down to $750,000, but Bell still rejected it.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> In March 1999, the company moved into offices at <a href="/wiki/165_University_Avenue" title="165 University Avenue">165 University Avenue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto</a>, home to several other noted <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a> technology startups.<a href="#cite_note-165univave-30">[30]</a> After quickly outgrowing two other sites, the company leased a complex of buildings in <a href="/wiki/Mountain_View,_Santa_Clara_County,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain View, Santa Clara County, California">Mountain View</a> at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway from <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics">Silicon Graphics</a> (SGI) in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-sgibldg-31">[31]</a> The company has remained at this location ever since, and the complex has since become known as the <a href="/wiki/Googleplex" title="Googleplex">Googleplex</a> (a play on the word <a href="/wiki/Googolplex" title="Googolplex">googolplex</a>, a number that is equal to 1 followed by a <a href="/wiki/Googol" title="Googol">googol</a> of zeros). In 2006, Google bought the property from SGI for US$319 million.<a href="#cite_note-googleplexpurchase-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s">2000s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Google&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2000s">edit</a>]</div> The Google search engine attracted a loyal following among the growing number of Internet users, who liked its simple design.<a href="#cite_note-simpledesign-33">[33]</a> In 2000, Google began selling <a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertisements</a> associated with search <a href="/wiki/Keyword_(internet_search)" class="mw-redirect" title="Keyword (internet search)">keywords</a>.<a href="#cite_note-milestones-2">[2]</a> The ads were text-based to maintain an uncluttered page design and to maximize page loading speed.<a href="#cite_note-milestones-2">[2]</a> Keywords were sold based on a combination of price bid and click-throughs, with bidding starting at $.05 per click.<a href="#cite_note-milestones-2">[2]</a> This model of selling keyword advertising was first pioneered by <a href="/wiki/Goto.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Goto.com">Goto.com</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Idealab" title="Idealab">Idealab</a> spin-off created by <a href="/wiki/Bill_T._Gross" title="Bill T. Gross">Bill Gross</a>.<a href="#cite_note-goto_strong2-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnet_p4p2-35">[35]</a> When the company changed names to Overture Services, it sued Google over alleged infringements of the company's pay-per-click and bidding patents. Overture Services would later be bought by <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a> and renamed <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Search_Marketing" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! Search Marketing">Yahoo! Search Marketing</a>. The case was then settled out of court; Google agreed to issue shares of common stock to Yahoo! in exchange for a perpetual license.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-goto_strong-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnet_p4p-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-glaser-39">[39]</a> While many of its <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_company" title="Dot-com company">dot-com</a> rivals failed in the new Internet marketplace, Google quietly rose in stature while generating revenue.<a href="#cite_note-milestones-2">[2]</a> Google's declared <a href="/wiki/Code_of_conduct" title="Code of conduct">code of conduct</a> is "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_be_evil" title="Don't be evil">Don't be evil</a>", a phrase which they went so far as to include in their <a href="/wiki/Prospectus_(finance)" title="Prospectus (finance)">prospectus</a> (aka "S-1") for their 2004 <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">IPO</a>, noting that "We believe strongly that in the long term, we will be better served—as shareholders and in all other ways—by a company that does good things for the world even if we forgo some short term gains."<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> In February 2003, Google acquired <a href="/wiki/Pyra_Labs" title="Pyra Labs">Pyra Labs</a>, owner of the Blogger website. The acquisition secured the company's competitive ability to use information gleaned from blog postings to improve the speed and relevance of articles contained in a companion product to the search engine <a href="/wiki/Google_News" title="Google News">Google News</a>. In February 2004, Yahoo! dropped its partnership with Google, providing an independent search engine of its own. This cost Google some <a href="/wiki/Market_share" title="Market share">market share</a>, yet Yahoo!'s move highlighted Google's own distinctiveness. The verb "<a href="/wiki/Google_(verb)" title="Google (verb)">to google</a>" has entered a number of languages (first as a <a href="/wiki/Slang" title="Slang">slang</a> verb and now as a standard word), meaning "to perform a web search" (a possible indication of "Google" becoming a <a href="/wiki/Genericized_trademark" class="mw-redirect" title="Genericized trademark">genericized trademark</a>).<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Google_Baidu_and_Yahoo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Google_Baidu_and_Yahoo.JPG/220px-Google_Baidu_and_Yahoo.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Google_Baidu_and_Yahoo.JPG/330px-Google_Baidu_and_Yahoo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Google_Baidu_and_Yahoo.JPG/440px-Google_Baidu_and_Yahoo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="286" /></a><figcaption>The relationship between Google, Baidu, and Yahoo</figcaption></figure> After the IPO, Google's stock market capitalization rose greatly and the stock price more than quadrupled. On August 19, 2004, the number of <a href="/wiki/Shares_outstanding" title="Shares outstanding">shares outstanding</a> was 172.85 million while the "<a href="/wiki/Float_(finance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Float (finance)">free float</a>" was 19.60 million (which makes 89% held by insiders). Google has a dual-class stock structure in which each Class B share gets ten votes compared to each Class A share getting one. Page said in the <a href="/wiki/Prospectus_(finance)" title="Prospectus (finance)">prospectus</a> that Google has "a dual-class structure that is biased toward stability and independence and that requires investors to bet on the team, especially Sergey and me." In June 2005, Google was valued at nearly $52 billion, making it one of the world's biggest media companies by stock market value.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> On August 18, 2005 (one year after the initial IPO), Google announced that it would sell 14,159,265 (another mathematical reference as <a href="/wiki/Pi" title="Pi">π</a> ≈ 3.14159265) more shares of its stock to raise money. The move would double Google's cash stockpile to $7 billion. Google said it would use the money for "acquisitions of complementary businesses, technologies or other assets".<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> With Google's increased size came more competition from large mainstream technology companies. One such example is the rivalry between Microsoft and Google.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Microsoft had been touting its <a href="/wiki/Bing_(search_engine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bing (search engine)">Bing</a> search engine to counter Google's competitive position. Furthermore, the two companies are increasingly offering overlapping services, such as <a href="/wiki/Web-based_email" class="mw-redirect" title="Web-based email">webmail</a> (Gmail vs. <a href="/wiki/Hotmail" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotmail">Hotmail</a>), search (both online and local desktop searching), and other applications (for example, Microsoft's <a href="/wiki/Windows_Live_Local" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Live Local">Windows Live Local</a> competes with <a href="/wiki/Google_Earth" title="Google Earth">Google Earth</a>). In addition to an <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a> replacement, Google designed its own <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> called <a href="/wiki/ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a> to directly compete with <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>. There were also rumors of a Google <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a>, fueled much by the fact that Google was the owner of the <a href="/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name">domain name</a> "gbrowser.com".[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] These were later proven when Google released <a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome</a>. This corporate feud boiled over into the courts when <a href="/wiki/Kai-Fu_Lee" title="Kai-Fu Lee">Kai-Fu Lee</a>, a former vice-president of Microsoft, quit Microsoft to work for Google. Microsoft sued to stop his move by citing Lee's <a href="/wiki/Non-compete_clause" title="Non-compete clause">non-compete contract</a> (he had access to much sensitive information regarding Microsoft's plans in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>). Google and Microsoft reached a settlement out of court on December 22, 2005, the terms of which are confidential.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/Click_fraud" title="Click fraud">Click fraud</a> also became a growing problem for Google's business strategy. Google's CFO George Reyes said in a December 2004 investor conference that "something has to be done about this really, really quickly, because I think, potentially, it threatens our business model."<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> While the company's primary market is in the web content arena, Google has experimented with other markets, such as radio and print publications. On January 17, 2006, Google announced that it had purchased the radio advertising company <a href="/wiki/DMarc" class="mw-redirect" title="DMarc">dMarc</a>, which provides an automated system that allows companies to advertise on the radio.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Google also began an experiment in selling advertisements from its advertisers in offline newspapers and magazines, with select advertisements in the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times" title="Chicago Sun-Times">Chicago Sun-Times</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> During the third quarter of 2005 Google Conference Call, Eric Schmidt said, "We don't do the same thing as everyone else does. And so if you try to predict our product strategy by simply saying well so and so has this and Google will do the same thing, it's almost always the wrong answer. We look at markets as they exist and we assume they are pretty well served by their existing players. We try to see new problems and new markets using the technology that others use and we build." After months of speculation, Google was added to the <a href="/wiki/Standard_%26_Poor%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard & Poor's">Standard & Poor's</a> 500 index (S&P 500) on March 31, 2006.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Google replaced <a href="/wiki/Burlington_Resources" title="Burlington Resources">Burlington Resources</a>, a major oil producer based in <a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston, Texas">Houston</a> that had been acquired by <a href="/wiki/ConocoPhillips" title="ConocoPhillips">ConocoPhillips</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The day after the announcement Google's share price rose by 7%.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In 2008, Google launched <a href="/wiki/Knol" title="Knol">Knol</a>, their own equivalent of Wikipedia,<a href="#cite_note-Death-52">[52]</a> which failed four years later.<a href="#cite_note-knol-death-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Use_of_cookies">Use of cookies</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Google&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Use of cookies">edit</a>]</div> Although Google was already deriving the vast majority of its income from advertising at the time of its 2004 IPO,<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> it did not use any <a href="/wiki/HTTP_cookie" title="HTTP cookie">HTTP cookie</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Web_tracking" title="Web tracking">web tracking</a> until 2007.<a href="#cite_note-wsj-cookie-55">[55]</a> By 2006, Google's Ad revenue was already facing signs of decline, as "a growing number of advertisers were refusing to buy display ads from Google."<a href="#cite_note-wsj-cookie-55">[55]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a> led Google to institute a hiring freeze.<a href="#cite_note-wsj-cookie-55">[55]</a> In 2007, Google agreed to buy <a href="/wiki/DoubleClick" title="DoubleClick">DoubleClick</a> for $3.1 billion, marking the start of its use of cookie-based tracking.<a href="#cite_note-wsj-cookie-55">[55]</a> Even with the purchase, Google only ended up with a 3% revenue in the second quarter of 2009, in the depth of the recession.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Google initially separated the browsing habits collected from AD tracking from data collected by its other services by default. Google removed this last layer of protection in 2016, making its tracking personally-identifiable.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010s">2010s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Google&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2010s">edit</a>]</div> In 2011, the company launched <a href="/wiki/Google%2B" title="Google+">Google+</a>, its fourth foray into social networking, following <a href="/wiki/Google_Buzz" title="Google Buzz">Google Buzz</a> (launched 2010, retired in 2011), <a href="/wiki/Google_Friend_Connect" title="Google Friend Connect">Google Friend Connect</a> (launched 2008, retired by March 1, 2012), and <a href="/wiki/Orkut" title="Orkut">Orkut</a> (launched in 2004, retired in September 2014<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a>) As of November 2014, Google operated over 70 offices in more than 41 countries.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> In 2015, Google reorganized its interests as a holding company, <a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet Inc.</a>, with Google as its leading subsidiary. Google continued to serve as the umbrella for Alphabet's Internet interests.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> On September 1, 2017, Google Inc. announced its plans of restructuring as a <a href="/wiki/Limited_liability_company" title="Limited liability company">limited liability company</a>, Google LLC, as a wholly owned subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/XXVI_Holdings,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="XXVI Holdings, Inc.">XXVI Holdings, Inc.</a>, which is formed as a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc. to hold the equity of its other subsidiaries, including Google LLC and other bets.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Between 2018 and 2019, <a href="/wiki/Google_worker_organization" title="Google worker organization">tensions between the company's leadership and its workers escalated</a> as staff protested company decisions on internal sexual harassment, <a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(search_engine)" title="Dragonfly (search engine)">Dragonfly</a>, a censored Chinese search engine, and <a href="/wiki/Project_Maven" title="Project Maven">Project Maven</a>, a military drone artificial intelligence, which had been seen as areas of revenue growth for the company.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-Verge_busting-65">[65]</a> On 25 October 2018, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> published an exposé, "How Google Protected <a href="/wiki/Andy_Rubin" title="Andy Rubin">Andy Rubin</a>, the 'Father of Android'". The company subsequently announced that "48 employees have been fired over the last two years" for sexual misconduct.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> On 1 November 2018, Google employees staged a global walk-out to protest the company's handling of sexual harassment complaints, including the <a href="/wiki/Golden_parachute" title="Golden parachute">golden parachute</a> exit of former executive <a href="/wiki/Andy_Rubin" title="Andy Rubin">Andy Rubin</a>;<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> more than 20,000 employees and contractors participated.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Sundar_Pichai" title="Sundar Pichai">Sundar Pichai</a> was reported to be in support of the protests.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> On March 19, 2019, Google announced that it would enter the video game market, launching a <a href="/wiki/Cloud_gaming" title="Cloud gaming">cloud gaming</a> platform called <a href="/wiki/Google_Stadia" title="Google Stadia">Google Stadia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-unveils-70">[70]</a> On June 3, 2019, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> reported that it would investigate Google for <a href="/wiki/Antitrust" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitrust">antitrust</a> violations.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> This led to the filing of an antitrust lawsuit in October 2020, on the grounds the company had abused a monopoly position in the <a href="/wiki/Web_search_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Web search engine">search</a> and <a href="/wiki/Search_advertising" title="Search advertising">search advertising</a> markets.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> In December 2019, former <a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a> <a href="/wiki/Chief_operating_officer" title="Chief operating officer">chief operating officer</a> Bill Ready became Google's new commerce chief. Ready's role will not be directly involved with <a href="/wiki/Google_Pay_(2018%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="Google Pay (2018–2022)">Google Pay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020s">2020s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Google&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2020s">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (April 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> In April 2020, due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, Google announced several cost-cutting measures. Such measures included slowing down hiring for the remainder of 2020, except for a small number of strategic areas, recalibrating the focus and pace of investments in areas like data centers and machines, and non-business essential marketing and travel.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2020_Google_services_outages" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Google services outages">2020 Google services outages</a> disrupted Google services: one in August that affected Google Drive among others, another in November affecting YouTube, and a third in December affecting the entire suite of Google applications. All three outages were resolved within hours.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> In January 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Government" title="Australian Government">Australian Government</a> proposed legislation that would require Google and Facebook to pay media companies for the right to use their content. In response, Google threatened to close off access to its search engine in Australia.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> In March 2021, Google reportedly paid $20 million for <a href="/wiki/Ubisoft" title="Ubisoft">Ubisoft</a> ports on <a href="/wiki/Google_Stadia" title="Google Stadia">Google Stadia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Google spent "tens of millions of dollars" on getting major publishers such as <a href="/wiki/Ubisoft" title="Ubisoft">Ubisoft</a> and Take-Two to bring some of their biggest games to Stadia.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In April 2021, <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> reported that Google ran a years-long program called 'Project Bernanke' that used data from past advertising bids to gain an advantage over competing ad services. This was revealed in documents concerning the antitrust lawsuit filed by ten US states against Google in December.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> In June 2023, Google stated it would remove Canadian news links from its services throughout the country due to <a href="/wiki/Online_News_Act" title="Online News Act">legislation</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian government">Canadian government</a> (Bill C-11) that would require Google and other online platforms such as Facebook to pay for news articles being shown on their platforms.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> In September 2024, Google and it's parent company <a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet Inc.</a> were fined 2.42 billion euros by the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> for a antitrust case surrounding Google's shopping service. The decision was later upheld by both the <a href="/wiki/General_Court_(European_Union)" title="General Court (European Union)">General Court (European Union)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">European Court of Justice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-europeanshopping-83">[83]</a> In November 2024, the U.S. Department of Justice (DoJ) urged a federal court to impose significant changes on Google to address its monopoly in online search. The proposed measures included forcing Google to sell its Chrome browser, share data and search results with competitors, and implement a range of other restrictions. The DoJ also sought to prohibit Google from re-entering the browser market for five years, selling its Android OS if needed, and halting investments in rival search engines or AI. It also pushed to end exclusive deals where Google paid device makers like Apple to set its search engine as the default. Google called these measures excessive and harmful for consumers, vowing to appeal and a trial was set for April 2025.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Financing_and_initial_public_offering">Financing and initial public offering</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Google&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Financing and initial public offering">edit</a>]</div> The first funding for Google as a company was secured in August 1998 in the form of a US$100,000 contribution from <a href="/wiki/Andy_Bechtolsheim" title="Andy Bechtolsheim">Andy Bechtolsheim</a>, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>, given to a corporation which did not yet exist.<a href="#cite_note-Bechtolsheim-85">[85]</a> On June 7, 1999, a round of equity funding totalling $25 million was announced,<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> the major investors being rival venture capital firms <a href="/wiki/Kleiner,_Perkins,_Caufield_%26_Byers" class="mw-redirect" title="Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield & Byers">Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield & Byers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sequoia_Capital" title="Sequoia Capital">Sequoia Capital</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bechtolsheim-85">[85]</a> While Google still needed more funding for their further expansion, Brin and Page were hesitant to take the company public, despite their financial issues. They were not ready to give up control over Google. Following the closing of the $25 million financing round, Sequoia encouraged Brin and Page to hire a CEO. Brin and Page ultimately acquiesced and hired <a href="/wiki/Eric_Schmidt" title="Eric Schmidt">Eric Schmidt</a> as Google's first CEO in August 2001.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> In October 2003, while discussing a possible <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a> of shares (IPO), <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> approached the company about a possible partnership or <a href="/wiki/Merger" class="mw-redirect" title="Merger">merger</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The deal never materialized. In January 2004, Google announced the hiring of <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Stanley" title="Morgan Stanley">Morgan Stanley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Goldman Sachs Group">Goldman Sachs Group</a> to arrange an IPO. The IPO was projected to raise as much as $4 billion. Google's initial public offering took place on August 19, 2004.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> A total of 19,605,052 <a href="/wiki/Capital_stock" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital stock">shares</a> were offered at a price of $85 per share.<a href="#cite_note-IPO-90">[90]</a> Of that, 14,142,135 (another mathematical reference as <a href="/wiki/Square_root_of_two" class="mw-redirect" title="Square root of two">√2</a> ≈ 1.4142135) were floated by Google and 5,462,917 by selling stockholders. The sale raised US$1.67 billion, and gave Google a <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a> of more than $23 billion.<a href="#cite_note-washpost-91">[91]</a> Many of Google's employees became instant paper millionaires. Yahoo!, a competitor of Google, also benefited from the IPO because it owned 2.7 million shares of Google.<a href="#cite_note-yahooshares-92">[92]</a> Following the company's IPO in 2004, founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page and CEO Eric Schmidt requested that their <a href="/wiki/One-dollar_salary" title="One-dollar salary">base salary be cut to $1</a>. Subsequent offers by the company to increase their salaries were turned down, primarily because their main compensation continues to come from owning stock in Google. Before 2004, Schmidt made $250,000 per year, and Page and Brin each received an annual salary of $150,000.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> There were concerns that Google's IPO would lead to changes in company culture. Reasons ranged from shareholder pressure for employee benefit reductions to the fact that many company executives would become instant paper millionaires.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> As a reply to this concern, co-founders Brin and Page promised in a report to potential investors that the IPO would not change the company's culture.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> The company was listed on the <a href="/wiki/NASDAQ" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ">NASDAQ</a> stock exchange under the <a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">ticker symbol</a> GOOG. When Alphabet was created as Google's parent company, it retained Google's stock price history and ticker symbol. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Google&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Name">edit</a>]</div> The name "Google" originated from a misspelling of "<a href="/wiki/Googol" title="Googol">googol</a>",<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hanley-97">[97]</a> which refers to the number represented by a 1 followed by one-hundred zeros. Page and Brin write in their first paper on <a href="/wiki/PageRank" title="PageRank">PageRank</a>:<a href="#cite_note-originalpaper-20">[20]</a> "We chose our systems name, Google, because it is a common spelling of googol, or 10100 and fits well with our goal of building very large-scale search engines." There are uses of the name going back at least as far as the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Comic_strip" title="Comic strip">comic strip</a> character <a href="/wiki/Barney_Google_and_Snuffy_Smith" title="Barney Google and Snuffy Smith">Barney Google</a> in 1919. British children's author <a href="/wiki/Enid_Blyton" title="Enid Blyton">Enid Blyton</a> used the phrase "Google Bun" in <a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Faraway_Tree_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Magic Faraway Tree (novel)">The Magic Faraway Tree</a> (published 1941) and <a href="/wiki/The_Faraway_Tree#The_Folk_of_the_Faraway_Tree" title="The Faraway Tree">The Folk of the Faraway Tree</a> (published 1946),<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> and called a clown character "Google" in <a href="/wiki/The_Circus_Series" title="The Circus Series">Circus Days Again</a> (published 1942).<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> In April 1953 <a href="/wiki/Clifford_D._Simak_bibliography" title="Clifford D. Simak bibliography">Clifford D Simak</a>s short story "Retrograde Evolution" was published in <a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Fiction Plus">Science Fiction Plus</a> magazine wherein an alien race called "Googles" evolves from savages to geniuses overnight. There is also the <a href="/wiki/Googleplex_Star_Thinker" class="mw-redirect" title="Googleplex Star Thinker">Googleplex Star Thinker</a> from <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Adams" title="Douglas Adams">Douglas Adams</a>' <a href="/wiki/The_Hitchhiker%27s_Guide_to_the_Galaxy" title="The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy">The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy</a>. In March 1996, a business called Groove Track Productions applied for a United States trademark for "Google" for various products including several categories of clothing, stuffed toys, board games, and candy. The firm abandoned its application in July 1997.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Having found its way increasingly into everyday language, the verb "<a href="/wiki/Google_(verb)" title="Google (verb)">google</a>" was added to the <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> in 2006, meaning "to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the internet."<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> The use of the term itself reflects their mission to organize a seemingly infinite amount of information on the web.<a href="#cite_note-Hanley-97">[97]</a> The first use of "Google" as a verb in <a href="/wiki/Pop_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop culture">pop culture</a> happened on the TV series <a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer">Buffy the Vampire Slayer</a>, in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> In November 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Global_Language_Monitor" title="Global Language Monitor">Global Language Monitor</a> named "Google" No. 7 on its Top Words of the Decade list.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> In December 2009 the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> highlighted Google in their "Portrait of the Decade (Words)" series.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> In May 2012, David Elliott filed a complaint against Google, Inc. claiming that Google's once distinctive mark GOOGLE® has become generic and lacks trademark significance due to its common use as a transitive verb. After losing to Google in <a href="/wiki/UDRP" class="mw-redirect" title="UDRP">UDRP</a> proceedings involving many "Google-related" domain name registrations that he owns, Elliott later sought a declaratory judgment that his domain names are rightfully his, that they do not infringe any trademark rights Google may own, and that all Google's registered GOOGLE® marks should be cancelled since "Google" is now a common generic word worldwide that means "to search the internet."<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partnerships">Partnerships</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Google&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Partnerships">edit</a>]</div> Google has worked with several corporations, in order to improve production and services. On September 28, 2005, Google announced a long-term research partnership with NASA which would involve Google building a 1,000,000-square-foot (93,000 m2) R&D center at NASA's <a href="/wiki/Ames_Research_Center" title="Ames Research Center">Ames Research Center</a>. NASA and Google are planning to work together on a variety of areas, including large-scale data management, massively distributed computing, <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">bio</a>-<a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">info</a>-<a href="/wiki/Nano_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Nano technology">nano</a> convergence, and encouragement of the <a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurial_space_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Entrepreneurial space industry">entrepreneurial space industry</a>. The new building would also include labs, offices, and housing for Google engineers.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> In October 2006, Google formed a partnership with <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> to help share and distribute each other's technologies. As part of the partnership Google will hire employees to help the <a href="/wiki/Open-source_license" title="Open-source license">open source</a> office program <a href="/wiki/OpenOffice.org" title="OpenOffice.org">OpenOffice.org</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sun_partners_with_Google-108">[108]</a> <a href="/wiki/Time_Warner" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Warner">Time Warner</a>'s <a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a> unit and Google unveiled an expanded partnership on December 21, 2005, including an enhanced global advertising partnership and a US$1 billion investment by Google for a 5% stake in AOL.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> As part of the collaboration, Google plans to work with AOL on <a href="/wiki/Video_search" class="mw-redirect" title="Video search">video search</a> and offer AOL's premium video service within <a href="/wiki/Google_Video" title="Google Video">Google Video</a>. This did not allow users of Google Video to search for AOL's premium-video services. Display advertising throughout the Google network will also increase. In August 2006, Google signed a $900 million offer with <a href="/wiki/News_Corporation_(1980%E2%80%932013)" class="mw-redirect" title="News Corporation (1980–2013)">News Corp.'s</a> Fox Interactive Media unit to provide search and advertising on <a href="/wiki/MySpace" class="mw-redirect" title="MySpace">MySpace</a> and other News Corp. websites including <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Idol" title="American Idol">AmericanIdol.com</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fox.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox.com">Fox.com</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>, although <a href="/wiki/Fox_Sports_(USA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox Sports (USA)">Fox Sports</a> is not included as a deal already exists between News Corp. and <a href="/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> On December 6, 2006, <a href="/wiki/British_Sky_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="British Sky Broadcasting">British Sky Broadcasting</a> released details of a Sky and Google alliance.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> This includes a feature where Gmail will link with Sky and host a mail service for Sky, incorporating the email domain "@sky.com". In 2007, Google displaced <a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">America Online</a> as a key partner and sponsor of the <a href="/wiki/NORAD_Tracks_Santa" title="NORAD Tracks Santa">NORAD Tracks Santa</a> program.<a href="#cite_note-For_more_than_50_years,_NORAD_is_Tracking_Santa,_December_14,_2007_by_Glenn_Letham-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tracking_Santa:_NORAD_&_Google_Team_Up_For_Christmas,_December_1,_2007,_Danny_Sullivan-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tracking_Santa,_Then_and_Now,_November_30,_2007,_by_Carrie_Farrell-115">[115]</a> <a href="/wiki/Google_Earth" title="Google Earth">Google Earth</a> was used for the first time to give visitors to the website the impression that they were following <a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus" title="Santa Claus">Santa Claus</a>' progress in <a href="/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">3-D</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Behind_the_scenes:_NORAD-116">[116]</a> The program also made its presence known on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> in 2007 as part of its partnership with Google.<a href="#cite_note-Instructions_On_Tracking_Santa_With_NORAD_&_Google:_The_2007_Edition,_December_24,_2007,_Danny_Sullivan-117">[117]</a> In 2008, Google developed a partnership with <a href="/wiki/GeoEye" title="GeoEye">GeoEye</a> to launch a satellite providing Google with high-resolution (0.41 m monochrome, 1.65 m color) imagery for Google Earth. The satellite was launched from <a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg Air Force Base">Vandenberg Air Force Base</a> on September 6, 2008.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Google also announced in 2008 that it was hosting an archive of <a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life Magazine</a>'s photographs.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> In January 2009, Google announced a partnership with the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Social_Communications" title="Pontifical Council for Social Communications">Pontifical Council for Social Communications</a>, allowing the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> to have his own channel on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> In January 2013, Google announced a partnership with <a href="/wiki/Kia_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="Kia Motors">Kia Motors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Company" title="Hyundai Motor Company">Hyundai</a>. The partnership integrates Google Maps and Place into new car models to be released later in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Affordable_Internet" title="Alliance for Affordable Internet">Alliance for Affordable Internet</a> (A4AI) was launched in October 2013; Google is part of the coalition of public and private organizations that also includes <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. Led by <a href="/wiki/Sir_Tim_Berners-Lee" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Tim Berners-Lee">Sir Tim Berners-Lee</a>, the A4AI seeks to make Internet access more affordable so that access is broadened in the developing world, where only 31% of people are online. Google will help to decrease Internet access prices so they fall below the UN Broadband Commission's worldwide target of 5% of monthly income.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> On September 21, 2017, <a href="/wiki/HTC" title="HTC">HTC</a> announced a "cooperation agreement" in which it would sell non-exclusive rights to certain intellectual property, as well as smartphone talent, to Google for $1.1 billion.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> On August 5, 2024, Google would lose a <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)" title="United States v. Google LLC (2020)">lawsuit which started in 2020</a> in <a href="/wiki/D.C._Circuit_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="D.C. Circuit Court">D.C. Circuit Court</a>, with Judge <a href="/wiki/Amit_Mehta" title="Amit Mehta">Amit Mehta</a> finding that the company had an illegal monopoly over Internet search.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> This monopoly was held to be in violation of Section 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Sherman_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherman Act">Sherman Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> On September 10, 2024, the <a href="/wiki/EU_Court_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="EU Court of Justice">EU Court of Justice</a>, based in Europe, found that Google held an illegal monopoly, in this case with regards to its shopping search, and could not avoid paying €2.4 billion.<a href="#cite_note-europeanshopping-83">[83]</a> The EU Court of Justice referred to Google's treatment of rival shopping searches as "discriminatory" and in violation of the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Markets_Act" title="Digital Markets Act">Digital Markets Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-europeanshopping-83">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Google&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Google_Search" title="Timeline of Google Search">Timeline of Google Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Google" title="Criticism of Google">Criticism of Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_logo" title="Google logo">Google logo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Google_Easter_eggs" title="List of Google Easter eggs">List of Google Easter eggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mountain_View,_California" title="Timeline of Mountain View, California">Timeline of Mountain View, California</a>, headquarters of Google since 1999<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Google&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infolab.stanford.edu/pub/voy/museum/pictures/display/0-4-Google.htm">The Original GOOGLE Computer Storage (Page and Brin, 1996)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161028133317/http://infolab.stanford.edu/pub/voy/museum/pictures/display/0-4-Google.htm">Archived</a> October 28, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Stanford Computer Science Computer History Display </li> <li id="cite_note-milestones-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-milestones_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-milestones_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-milestones_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-milestones_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-milestones_2-4">e</a> "<a rel="nofollow" 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The Verge. Retrieved September 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Google+is+buying+part+of+HTC%27s+smartphone+team+for+%241.1+billion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2017%2F9%2F20%2F16340108%2Fgoogle-htc-smartphone-team-acquisition-announced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Google" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blog.google/topics/hardware/google-signs-agreement-htc-continuing-our-big-bet-hardware/">"Google signs agreement with HTC, continuing our big bet on hardware"</a>. Google. September 21, 2017. 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Retrieved August 6, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Google+illegally+maintains+monopoly+over+internet+search%2C+judge+rules&rft.date=2024-08-05&rft.aulast=Barakat&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Liedtke%2C+Michale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fgoogle-antitrust-search-engine-verdict-apple-319a61f20fb11510097845a30abaefd8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Google" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeters2024" class="citation news cs1">Peters, Jay (August 6, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2024/8/6/24214641/google-us-monopoly-ruling-what-happens">"Now that Google is a monopolist, what's next? / Reaching a decision on what to do about Google Search could take a very long time"</a>. The Verge. Retrieved August 6, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Now+that+Google+is+a+monopolist%2C+what%27s+next%3F+%2F+Reaching+a+decision+on+what+to+do+about+Google+Search+could+take+a+very+long+time.&rft.date=2024-08-06&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2024%2F8%2F6%2F24214641%2Fgoogle-us-monopoly-ruling-what-happens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Google" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallin2024" class="citation news cs1">Mallin, Alexander (August 5, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Business/google-violated-antitrust-laws-maintain-dominance-online-search/story?id=112591120">"Google violated antitrust laws to maintain dominance over online search, judge says"</a>. ABC News. Retrieved August 6, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Google+violated+antitrust+laws+to+maintain+dominance+over+online+search%2C+judge+says&rft.date=2024-08-05&rft.aulast=Mallin&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FBusiness%2Fgoogle-violated-antitrust-laws-maintain-dominance-online-search%2Fstory%3Fid%3D112591120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Google" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercurynews.com/ci_5302050">"A look back: Timeline of Mountain View history"</a>, San Jose Mercury News, March 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Jose+Mercury+News&rft.atitle=A+look+back%3A+Timeline+of+Mountain+View+history&rft.date=2007-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2Fci_5302050&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Google" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Google&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAuletta2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Auletta" title="Ken Auletta">Auletta, Ken</a> (2009). Googled: The End of the World as We Know It. New York: Penguin Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-235-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-235-3"><bdi>978-1-59420-235-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/318411527">318411527</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Googled%3A+The+End+of+the+World+as+We+Know+It&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F318411527&rft.isbn=978-1-59420-235-3&rft.aulast=Auletta&rft.aufirst=Ken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Google" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBattelle2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Battelle" title="John Battelle">Battelle, John</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/searchhowgooglei0000batt_n2l8/mode/2up">The Search: How Google and Its Rivals Rewrote the Rules of Business and Transformed Our Culture</a>. New York: Portfolio. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59184-088-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-59184-088-0"><bdi>1-59184-088-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/72691962">72691962</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Search%3A+How+Google+and+Its+Rivals+Rewrote+the+Rules+of+Business+and+Transformed+Our+Culture&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Portfolio&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F72691962&rft.isbn=1-59184-088-0&rft.aulast=Battelle&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsearchhowgooglei0000batt_n2l8%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Google" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStross2008" class="citation book cs1">Stross, Randall (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xOk3EIUW9VgC">Planet Google: One Company's Audacious Plan to Organize Everything We Know</a>. New York: Free Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-4691-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-4691-7"><bdi>978-1-4165-4691-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/261376729">261376729</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Planet+Google%3A+One+Company%27s+Audacious+Plan+to+Organize+Everything+We+Know&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Free+Press&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F261376729&rft.isbn=978-1-4165-4691-7&rft.aulast=Stross&rft.aufirst=Randall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxOk3EIUW9VgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Google" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li>Yeo, ShinJoung (2023). Behind the Search Box: Google and the Global Internet Industry. U of Illinois Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0252087127" title="Special:BookSources/0252087127">0252087127</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/jj.4116455">online</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?289705-1/qa-ken-auletta">Q&A interview with Auletta on Googled, October 29, 2009</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?290222-1/googled-end-world-it">Presentation by Auletta on Googled, November 11, 2009</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?296481-1/distance-learning-class-ken-auletta">Interview with Auletta on Googled, November 11, 2010</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Google&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/intl/en/corporate/history.html">Google Corporate History (official)</a></li> <li>David Hart: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsf.gov/discoveries/disc_summ.jsp?cntn_id=100660&org=NSF">On the Origins of Google</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a>, August 17, 2004</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Google_LLC" title="Template:Google LLC"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Google_LLC" title="Template talk:Google LLC"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Google_LLC" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Google LLC"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Google" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet Inc.</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Android_apps_by_Google" title="List of Android apps by Google">List of Android apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Google_Easter_eggs" title="List of Google Easter eggs">List of Easter eggs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Google_April_Fools%27_Day_jokes" title="List of Google April Fools' Day jokes">April Fools' Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Alphabet" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Alphabet">List of mergers and acquisitions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Company" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Company</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Ads" title="Google Ads">Ads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_AI" title="Google AI">AI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Brain" title="Google Brain">Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_DeepMind" title="Google DeepMind">DeepMind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Booting_process_of_Android_devices" title="Booting process of Android devices">booting process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_recovery_mode" title="Android recovery mode">recovery mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_software_development" title="Android software development">software development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_version_history" title="Android version history">version history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_China" title="Google China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goojje" title="Goojje">Goojje</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Platform" title="Google Cloud Platform">Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Glass" title="Google Glass">Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google.org" title="Google.org">Google.org</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Crisis_Response" title="Google Crisis Response">Crisis Response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Public_Alerts" title="Google Public Alerts">Public Alerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RechargeIT" title="RechargeIT">RechargeIT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Health" title="Google Health">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pixel" title="Google Pixel">Pixel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Search" title="Google Search">Search</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Google_Search" title="Timeline of Google Search">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidewalk_Labs" title="Sidewalk Labs">Sidewalk Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Energy" title="Google Energy">Sustainability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_YouTube" title="History of YouTube">History</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Me_at_the_zoo" title="Me at the zoo">Me at the zoo</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_YouTube" title="Social impact of YouTube">Social impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTuber" title="YouTuber">YouTuber</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Google_employees" title="Category:Google employees">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Bharat" title="Krishna Bharat">Krishna Bharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Dean" title="Jeff Dean">Jeff Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Doerr" title="John Doerr">John Doerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Ghemawat" title="Sanjay Ghemawat">Sanjay Ghemawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Hennessy" title="John L. Hennessy">John L. Hennessy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urs_H%C3%B6lzle" title="Urs Hölzle">Urs Hölzle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salar_Kamangar" title="Salar Kamangar">Salar Kamangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Kurzweil" title="Ray Kurzweil">Ray Kurzweil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Mather" title="Ann Mather">Ann Mather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Mulally" title="Alan Mulally">Alan Mulally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Osterloh" title="Rick Osterloh">Rick Osterloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundar_Pichai" title="Sundar Pichai">Sundar Pichai</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Porat" title="Ruth Porat">Ruth Porat</a> (CFO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajen_Sheth" title="Rajen Sheth">Rajen Sheth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Varian" title="Hal Varian">Hal Varian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Mohan" title="Neal Mohan">Neal Mohan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Bechtolsheim" title="Andy Bechtolsheim">Andy Bechtolsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Brin" title="Sergey Brin">Sergey Brin</a> (Founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cheriton" title="David Cheriton">David Cheriton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Cutts" title="Matt Cutts">Matt Cutts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Drummond_(businessman)" title="David Drummond (businessman)">David Drummond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Eustace" title="Alan Eustace">Alan Eustace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timnit_Gebru" title="Timnit Gebru">Timnit Gebru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omid_Kordestani" title="Omid Kordestani">Omid Kordestani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Otellini" title="Paul Otellini">Paul Otellini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Page" title="Larry Page">Larry Page</a> (Founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Pichette" title="Patrick Pichette">Patrick Pichette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Schmidt" title="Eric Schmidt">Eric Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Shriram" title="Ram Shriram">Ram Shriram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amit_Singhal" title="Amit Singhal">Amit Singhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_M._Tilghman" title="Shirley M. Tilghman">Shirley M. Tilghman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Whetstone" title="Rachel Whetstone">Rachel Whetstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Wojcicki" title="Susan Wojcicki">Susan Wojcicki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Real estate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/111_Eighth_Avenue" title="111 Eighth Avenue">111 Eighth Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androidland" title="Androidland">Androidland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_barges" title="Google barges">Barges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binoculars_Building" title="Binoculars Building">Binoculars Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Saint_Giles" title="Central Saint Giles">Central Saint Giles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Market" title="Chelsea Market">Chelsea Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrome_Zone" title="Chrome Zone">Chrome Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_data_centers" title="Google data centers">Data centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googleplex" title="Googleplex">Googleplex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayfield_Mall" title="Mayfield Mall">Mayfield Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_57" title="Pier 57">Pier 57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidewalk_Toronto" title="Sidewalk Toronto">Sidewalk Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Terminal" title="St. John's Terminal">St. John's Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Space" title="YouTube Space">YouTube Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Theater" title="YouTube Theater">YouTube Theater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Design</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Fonts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croscore_fonts" title="Croscore fonts">Croscore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noto_fonts" title="Noto fonts">Noto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_Sans" title="Product Sans">Product Sans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roboto" title="Roboto">Roboto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_logo" title="Google logo">Logo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Doodle" title="Google Doodle">Doodle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doodle_Champion_Island_Games" title="Doodle Champion Island Games">Doodle Champion Island Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Cat_Academy" title="Magic Cat Academy">Magic Cat Academy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material_Design" title="Material Design">Material Design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Android <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_Developer_Challenge" title="Android Developer Challenge">Developer Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Developer_Day" title="Android Developer Day">Developer Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Developer_Lab" title="Android Developer Lab">Developer Lab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Code-in" title="Google Code-in">Code-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Code_Jam" title="Google Code Jam">Code Jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Developer_Day" title="Google Developer Day">Developer Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Developers_Live" title="Google Developers Live">Developers Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doodle4Google" title="Doodle4Google">Doodle4Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-Day" title="G-Day">G-Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_I/O" title="Google I/O">I/O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigsaw_(company)" title="Jigsaw (company)">Jigsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_Stories" title="Living Stories">Living Stories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lunar_X_Prize" title="Google Lunar X Prize">Lunar XPRIZE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Mapathon" title="Google Mapathon">Mapathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Science_Fair" title="Google Science Fair">Science Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Summer_of_Code" title="Google Summer of Code">Summer of Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talks_at_Google" class="mw-redirect" title="Talks at Google">Talks at Google</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">YouTube</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Awards" title="YouTube Awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN/YouTube_presidential_debates" title="CNN/YouTube presidential debates">CNN/YouTube presidential debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Comedy_Week" title="YouTube Comedy Week">Comedy Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Live" title="YouTube Live">Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Music_Awards" title="YouTube Music Awards">Music Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Space_Lab" title="YouTube Space Lab">Space Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Symphony_Orchestra" title="YouTube Symphony Orchestra">Symphony Orchestra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Projects and initiatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Side_project_time" title="Side project time">20% project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_120" title="Area 120">Area 120</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reply_(Google)" title="Reply (Google)">Reply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tables_(Google)" title="Tables (Google)">Tables</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_ATAP" title="Google ATAP">ATAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Business_Groups" title="Google Business Groups">Business Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM/Google_Cloud_Computing_University_Initiative" title="IBM/Google Cloud Computing University Initiative">Computing University Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Data_Liberation_Front" title="Google Data Liberation Front">Data Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_Transfer_Project" title="Data Transfer Project">Data Transfer Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Developer_Expert" title="Google Developer Expert">Developer Expert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Digital_Garage" title="Google Digital Garage">Digital Garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_News_Initiative" title="Digital News Initiative">Digital News Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Unlocked" title="Digital Unlocked">Digital Unlocked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(search_engine)" title="Dragonfly (search engine)">Dragonfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Founders%27_Award" title="Google Founders' Award">Founders' Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Free_Zone" title="Google Free Zone">Free Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Get_Your_Business_Online" title="Google Get Your Business Online">Get Your Business Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_for_Education" title="Google for Education">Google for Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_for_Startups" title="Google for Startups">Google for Startups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Labs" title="Google Labs">Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_Galaxy" title="Liquid Galaxy">Liquid Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Made_with_Code" title="Made with Code">Made with Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_M%C4%81ori" title="Google Māori">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_News_Lab" title="Google News Lab">News Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Nightingale" title="Project Nightingale">Nightingale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectives_and_key_results" title="Objectives and key results">Objectives and key results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_PowerMeter" title="Google PowerMeter">PowerMeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privacy_Sandbox" title="Privacy Sandbox">Privacy Sandbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_Artificial_Intelligence_Lab" title="Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab">Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RechargeIT" title="RechargeIT">RechargeIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Shield" title="Project Shield">Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Silicon_Initiative" title="Google Silicon Initiative">Silicon Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solve_for_X" title="Solve for X">Solve for X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Starline" title="Project Starline">Starline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Student_Ambassador_Program" title="Google Student Ambassador Program">Student Ambassador Program</a></li> <li>Submarine communications cables <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunant_(submarine_communications_cable)" title="Dunant (submarine communications cable)">Dunant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Hopper_(submarine_communications_cable)" title="Grace Hopper (submarine communications cable)">Grace Hopper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Sunroof" title="Project Sunroof">Sunroof</a></li> <li>YouTube <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Creator_Awards" title="YouTube Creator Awards">Creator Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Next_Lab_and_Audience_Development_Group" title="YouTube Next Lab and Audience Development Group">Next Lab and Audience Development Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Original_Channel_Initiative" title="YouTube Original Channel Initiative">Original Channel Initiative</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Zero" title="Project Zero">Zero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Google" title="Criticism of Google">Criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Google_data_breach" title="2018 Google data breach">2018 data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Google_walkouts" title="2018 Google walkouts">2018 walkouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Workers_Union" title="Alphabet Workers Union">Alphabet Workers Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_Google" title="Censorship by Google">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeGoogle" title="DeGoogle">DeGoogle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(search_engine)" title="Dragonfly (search engine)">Dragonfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FairSearch" title="FairSearch">FairSearch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google%27s_Ideological_Echo_Chamber" title="Google's Ideological Echo Chamber">"Ideological Echo Chamber" memo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_litigation" title="Google litigation">Litigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privacy_concerns_with_Google" title="Privacy concerns with Google">Privacy concerns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Street_View_privacy_concerns" title="Google Street View privacy concerns">Street View</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_tech_bus_protests" title="San Francisco tech bus protests">San Francisco tech bus protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_services_outages" title="Google services outages">Services outages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone_patent_wars" title="Smartphone patent wars">Smartphone patent wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_worker_organization" title="Google worker organization">Worker organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Google#YouTube" title="Criticism of Google">YouTube</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Korean_YouTube_backdoor_advertising_controversy" title="2020 Korean YouTube backdoor advertising controversy">Back advertisement controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_Google#YouTube" title="Censorship by Google">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_copyright_issues" title="YouTube copyright issues">Copyright issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_copyright_strike" title="YouTube copyright strike">Copyright strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsagate" title="Elsagate">Elsagate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Adventures_scandal" title="Fantastic Adventures scandal">Fantastic Adventures scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_headquarters_shooting" title="YouTube headquarters shooting">Headquarters shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Kohistan_video_case" title="2012 Kohistan video case">Kohistan video case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_Innocence_of_Muslims" title="Reactions to Innocence of Muslims">Reactions to Innocence of Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Slovenian_YouTube_incident" title="2011 Slovenian YouTube incident">Slovenian government incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Development" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Google_Developers" title="Google Developers">Development</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operating systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_Automotive" title="Android Automotive">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_OS" title="Glass OS">Glass OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Go" title="Android Go">Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLinux" title="GLinux">gLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goobuntu" title="Goobuntu">Goobuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Things" title="Android Things">Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_TV" title="Android TV">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wear_OS" title="Wear OS">Wear OS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ChromiumOS" title="ChromiumOS">ChromiumOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neverware" title="Neverware">Neverware</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuchsia_(operating_system)" title="Fuchsia (operating system)">Fuchsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_TV_(operating_system)" title="Google TV (operating system)">TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libraries/ frameworks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALTS" title="ALTS">ALTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accelerated_Mobile_Pages" title="Accelerated Mobile Pages">AMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angular_(web_framework)" title="Angular (web framework)">Angular</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AngularJS" title="AngularJS">JS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARCore" title="ARCore">ARCore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_APIs" title="Google APIs">APIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockly" title="Blockly">Blockly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chart_API" title="Google Chart API">Chart API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Charts" title="Google Charts">Charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialogflow" title="Dialogflow">Dialogflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_Notification" title="Exposure Notification">Exposure Notification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Pair" title="Fast Pair">Fast Pair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_Learning_of_Cohorts" title="Federated Learning of Cohorts">Federated Learning of Cohorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_File_System" title="Google File System">File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlatBuffers" title="FlatBuffers">FlatBuffers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutter_(software)" title="Flutter (software)">Flutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gears_(software)" title="Gears (software)">Gears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRPC" title="GRPC">gRPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gson" title="Gson">Gson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Guava" title="Google Guava">Guava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Guice" title="Google Guice">Guice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guetzli" title="Guetzli">Guetzli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_JAX" title="Google JAX">JAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GVisor" title="GVisor">gVisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MapReduce" title="MapReduce">MapReduce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matter_(standard)" title="Matter (standard)">Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Mobile_Services" title="Google Mobile Services">Mobile Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Neural_Machine_Translation" title="Google Neural Machine Translation">Neural Machine Translation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenSocial" title="OpenSocial">OpenSocial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pack" title="Google Pack">Pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymer_(library)" title="Polymer (library)">Polymer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_Buffers" title="Protocol Buffers">Protocol Buffers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reqwireless" title="Reqwireless">Reqwireless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Shell" title="Google Shell">Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skia_Graphics_Engine" title="Skia Graphics Engine">Skia Graphics Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tango_(platform)" title="Tango (platform)">Tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TensorFlow" title="TensorFlow">TensorFlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Test" title="Google Test">Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WaveNet" title="WaveNet">WaveNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weave_(protocol)" title="Weave (protocol)">Weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Web_Accelerator" title="Google Web Accelerator">Web Accelerator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC">WebRTC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_App_Engine" title="Google App Engine">App Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppJet" title="AppJet">AppJet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Apps_Script" title="Google Apps Script">Apps Script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Platform" title="Google Cloud Platform">Cloud Platform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anvato" title="Anvato">Anvato</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firebase" title="Firebase">Firebase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firebase_Cloud_Messaging" title="Firebase Cloud Messaging">Cloud Messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crashlytics" title="Crashlytics">Crashlytics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_IP_Solutions" title="Global IP Solutions">Global IP Solutions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Low_Bitrate_Codec" title="Internet Low Bitrate Codec">Internet Low Bitrate Codec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speech_Audio_Codec" title="Internet Speech Audio Codec">Internet Speech Audio Codec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gridcentric,_Inc." title="Gridcentric, Inc.">Gridcentric, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITA_Software" title="ITA Software">ITA Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubernetes" title="Kubernetes">Kubernetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LevelDB" title="LevelDB">LevelDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neatx" title="Neatx">Neatx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_IDX" title="Project IDX">Project IDX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SageTV" title="SageTV">SageTV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apigee" title="Apigee">Apigee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bigtable" title="Bigtable">Bigtable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitium" title="Bitium">Bitium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronicle_Security" title="Chronicle Security">Chronicle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VirusTotal" title="VirusTotal">VirusTotal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Compute_Engine" title="Google Compute Engine">Compute Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Connect" title="Google Cloud Connect">Connect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Dataflow" title="Google Cloud Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Datastore" title="Google Cloud Datastore">Datastore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaggle" title="Kaggle">Kaggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looker_(company)" title="Looker (company)">Looker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandiant" title="Mandiant">Mandiant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Messaging" title="Google Cloud Messaging">Messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbitera" title="Orbitera">Orbitera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Shell" title="Google Cloud Shell">Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stackdriver" title="Stackdriver">Stackdriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Storage" title="Google Cloud Storage">Storage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Fuzzy_Lop_(software)" title="American Fuzzy Lop (software)">American Fuzzy Lop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Cloud_to_Device_Messaging" title="Android Cloud to Device Messaging">Android Cloud to Device Messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Debug_Bridge" title="Android Debug Bridge">Android Debug Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Studio" title="Android Studio">Android Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_App_Maker" title="Google App Maker">App Maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_App_Runtime_for_Chrome" title="Google App Runtime for Chrome">App Runtime for Chrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppSheet" title="AppSheet">AppSheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazel_(software)" title="Bazel (software)">Bazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome_Frame" title="Google Chrome Frame">Chrome Frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Closure_Tools" title="Google Closure Tools">Closure Tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cpplint" title="Cpplint">Cpplint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Data_Protocol" title="Google Data Protocol">Data Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Gadgets" title="Google Gadgets">Gadgets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_(software)" title="Gerrit (software)">Gerrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GYP_(software)" title="GYP (software)">GYP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Kythe" title="Google Kythe">Kythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lighthouse" title="Google Lighthouse">Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIT_App_Inventor" title="MIT App Inventor">MIT App Inventor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Mashup_Editor" title="Google Mashup Editor">Mashup Editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Native_Client" title="Google Native Client">Native Client</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Optimize" title="Google Optimize">Optimize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenRefine" title="OpenRefine">OpenRefine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OR-Tools" title="OR-Tools">OR-Tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_PageSpeed_Tools" title="Google PageSpeed Tools">PageSpeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Plugin_for_Eclipse" title="Google Plugin for Eclipse">Plugin for Eclipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Programmable_Search_Engine" title="Google Programmable Search Engine">Programmable Search Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Public_DNS" title="Google Public DNS">Public DNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReCAPTCHA" title="ReCAPTCHA">reCAPTCHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schema.org" title="Schema.org">Schema.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Search_Console" title="Google Search Console">Search Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitemaps" title="Sitemaps">Sitemaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Swiffy" title="Google Swiffy">Swiffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesseract_(software)" title="Tesseract (software)">Tesseract (software)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trendalyzer" title="Trendalyzer">Trendalyzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisBug" title="VisBug">VisBug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Wave_Federation_Protocol" title="Google Wave Federation Protocol">Wave Federation Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Web_Toolkit" title="Google Web Toolkit">Web Toolkit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Search algorithms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Hummingbird" title="Google Hummingbird">Hummingbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PageRank" title="PageRank">PageRank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PageRank_algorithm_in_biochemistry" title="PageRank algorithm in biochemistry">applications in biochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_matrix" title="Google matrix">Matrix</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Panda" title="Google Panda">Panda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Penguin" title="Google Penguin">Penguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pigeon" title="Google Pigeon">Pigeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RankBrain" title="RankBrain">RankBrain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BERT_(language_model)" title="BERT (language model)">BERT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BigQuery" title="BigQuery">BigQuery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome_Experiments" title="Google Chrome Experiments">Chrome Experiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutter_(American_company)" title="Flutter (American company)">Flutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_(language_model)" title="Gemini (language model)">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googlebot" title="Googlebot">Googlebot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyhole_Markup_Language" title="Keyhole Markup Language">Keyhole Markup Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaMDA" title="LaMDA">LaMDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Location_Code" title="Open Location Code">Open Location Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PaLM" title="PaLM">PaLM</a></li> <li>Programming languages <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caja_project" title="Caja project">Caja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_(programming_language)" title="Carbon (programming language)">Carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dart_(programming_language)" title="Dart (programming language)">Dart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_(programming_language)" title="Go (programming language)">Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawzall_(programming_language)" title="Sawzall (programming language)">Sawzall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformer_(deep_learning_architecture)" title="Transformer (deep learning architecture)">Transformer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewdle" title="Viewdle">Viewdle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webdriver_Torso" title="Webdriver Torso">Webdriver Torso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Web_Server" title="Google Web Server">Web Server</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File formats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_App_Bundle" title="Android App Bundle">AAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apk_(file_format)" title="Apk (file format)">APK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On2_Technologies" title="On2 Technologies">On2 Technologies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VP3" title="VP3">VP3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP6" title="VP6">VP6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP8" title="VP8">VP8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libvpx" title="Libvpx">libvpx</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP9" title="VP9">VP9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Open_Font_Format" title="Web Open Font Format">WOFF2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Products" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Google_products" title="List of Google products">Products</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Currents_(news_app)" title="Google Currents (news app)">Currents (news app)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Throttle_Games" title="Green Throttle Games">Green Throttle Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owlchemy_Labs" title="Owlchemy Labs">Owlchemy Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_(company)" title="Oyster (company)">Oyster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PaperofRecord.com" title="PaperofRecord.com">PaperofRecord.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Podcasts" title="Google Podcasts">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick,_Draw!" title="Quick, Draw!">Quick, Draw!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Santa_Tracker" title="Google Santa Tracker">Santa Tracker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songza" title="Songza">Songza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Stadia" title="Google Stadia">Stadia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stadia_games" title="List of Stadia games">games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Studios" title="Typhoon Studios">Typhoon Studios</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_TV_(service)" title="Google TV (service)">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vevo" title="Vevo">Vevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Video" title="Google Video">Video</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Google_Play" title="Google Play">Play</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Books" title="Google Play Books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Games" title="Google Play Games">Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-downloaded_Google_Play_applications" title="List of most-downloaded Google Play applications">most downloaded apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Music" title="Google Play Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Newsstand" title="Google Play Newsstand">Newsstand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Pass" title="Google Play Pass">Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Services" title="Google Play Services">Services</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BandPage" title="BandPage">BandPage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_BrandConnect" title="YouTube BrandConnect">BrandConnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Content_ID" title="Content ID">Content ID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Instant" title="YouTube Instant">Instant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Kids" title="YouTube Kids">Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Music" title="YouTube Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_(YouTube_channel)" title="YouTube (YouTube channel)">Official channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Premium" title="YouTube Premium">Premium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_YouTube_Premium_original_programming" title="List of YouTube Premium original programming">original programming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Rewind" title="YouTube Rewind">YouTube Rewind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RightsFlow" title="RightsFlow">RightsFlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Select" title="YouTube Select">Select</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Shorts" title="YouTube Shorts">Shorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Studio" title="YouTube Studio">Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_TV" title="YouTube TV">TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Allo" title="Google Allo">Allo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bump_(application)" title="Bump (application)">Bump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Buzz" title="Google Buzz">Buzz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chat" title="Google Chat">Chat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Contacts" title="Google Contacts">Contacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Currents_(social_app)" title="Google Currents (social app)">Currents (social app)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodgeball_(service)" title="Dodgeball (service)">Dodgeball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Duo" title="Google Duo">Duo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Fi_Wireless" title="Google Fi Wireless">Fi Wireless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Friend_Connect" title="Google Friend Connect">Friend Connect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gizmo5" title="Gizmo5">Gizmo5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google%2B" title="Google+">Google+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmail" title="Gmail">Gmail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Gmail" title="History of Gmail">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inbox_by_Gmail" title="Inbox by Gmail">Inbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmail_interface" title="Gmail interface">Interface</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Groups" title="Google Groups">Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Hangouts" title="Google Hangouts">Hangouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Helpouts" title="Google Helpouts">Helpouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_IME" title="Google IME">IME</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Japanese_Input" title="Google Japanese Input">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pinyin" title="Google Pinyin">Pinyin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaiku" title="Jaiku">Jaiku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marratech" title="Marratech">Marratech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meebo" title="Meebo">Meebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Meet" title="Google Meet">Meet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Messages" title="Google Messages">Messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Moderator" title="Google Moderator">Moderator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotonic_Software" title="Neotonic Software">Neotonic Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkut" title="Orkut">Orkut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postini" title="Postini">Postini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest_Visual" title="Quest Visual">Quest Visual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Word_Lens" title="Word Lens">Word Lens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Schemer" title="Google Schemer">Schemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Spaces" title="Google Spaces">Spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparrow_(email_client)" title="Sparrow (email client)">Sparrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Talk" title="Google Talk">Talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Translate" title="Google Translate">Translate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Translator_Toolkit" title="Google Translator Toolkit">Translator Toolkit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Voice" title="Google Voice">Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOOG-411" title="GOOG-411">Voice Local Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Wave" title="Google Wave">Wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Google_Search" title="Google Search">Search</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aardvark_(search_engine)" title="Aardvark (search engine)">Aardvark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Alerts" title="Google Alerts">Alerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Answers" title="Google Answers">Answers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Base" title="Google Base">Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeatThatQuote.com" title="BeatThatQuote.com">BeatThatQuote.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Blog_Search" title="Google Blog Search">Blog Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Books_Ngram_Viewer" title="Google Books Ngram Viewer">Ngram Viewer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Code_Search" title="Google Code Search">Code Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_Commons" title="Data Commons">Data Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Dataset_Search" title="Google Dataset Search">Dataset Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Dictionary" title="Google Dictionary">Dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Directory" title="Google Directory">Directory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Fast_Flip" title="Google Fast Flip">Fast Flip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Flu_Trends" title="Google Flu Trends">Flu Trends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Finance" title="Google Finance">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Goggles" title="Google Goggles">Goggles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google.by" title="Google.by">Google.by</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Images" title="Google Images">Images</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Image_Labeler" title="Google Image Labeler">Image Labeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Image_Swirl" title="Google Image Swirl">Image Swirl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaltix" title="Kaltix">Kaltix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Knowledge_Graph" title="Google Knowledge Graph">Knowledge Graph</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freebase_(database)" title="Freebase (database)">Freebase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaweb" title="Metaweb">Metaweb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Like.com" title="Like.com">Like.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_News" title="Google News">News</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_News_Archive" title="Google News Archive">Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_News_%26_Weather" title="Google News & Weather">Weather</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Patents" title="Google Patents">Patents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Cards" title="People Cards">People Cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Personalized_Search" title="Google Personalized Search">Personalized Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Public_Data_Explorer" title="Google Public Data Explorer">Public Data Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Questions_and_Answers" class="mw-redirect" title="Google Questions and Answers">Questions and Answers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SafeSearch" title="SafeSearch">SafeSearch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Scholar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_SearchWiki" title="Google SearchWiki">Searchwiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Shopping" title="Google Shopping">Shopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Catalogs" title="Google Catalogs">Catalogs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Express" title="Google Express">Express</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Squared" title="Google Squared">Squared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenor_(website)" title="Tenor (website)">Tenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Travel" title="Google Travel">Travel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Flights" title="Google Flights">Flights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Trends" title="Google Trends">Trends</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Insights_for_Search" title="Google Insights for Search">Insights for Search</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Voice_Search" title="Google Voice Search">Voice Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WDYL_(search_engine)" title="WDYL (search engine)">WDYL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Navigation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Earth" title="Google Earth">Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endoxon" title="Endoxon">Endoxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ImageAmerica" title="ImageAmerica">ImageAmerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Maps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Latitude" title="Google Latitude">Latitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Map_Maker" title="Google Map Maker">Map Maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Maps_Navigation" title="Google Maps Navigation">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Maps_pin" title="Google Maps pin">Pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Street_View" title="Google Street View">Street View</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Street_View_coverage" title="Google Street View coverage">Coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_View_Trusted" title="Street View Trusted">Trusted</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waze" title="Waze">Waze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Where_Is_My_Train" title="Where Is My Train">Where Is My Train</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business and finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Ad_Manager" title="Google Ad Manager">Ad Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AdMob" title="AdMob">AdMob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Ads" title="Google Ads">Ads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adscape" title="Adscape">Adscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_AdSense" title="Google AdSense">AdSense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Attribution" title="Google Attribution">Attribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BebaPay" title="BebaPay">BebaPay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Checkout" title="Google Checkout">Checkout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Contributor" title="Google Contributor">Contributor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DoubleClick" title="DoubleClick">DoubleClick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Affiliate_Network" title="Google Affiliate Network">Affiliate Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invite_Media" title="Invite Media">Invite Media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Analytics" title="Google Analytics">Marketing Platform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Analytics" title="Google Analytics">Analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looker_Studio" title="Looker Studio">Looker Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urchin_(software)" title="Urchin (software)">Urchin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pay_(mobile_app)" title="Google Pay (mobile app)">Pay (mobile app)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Wallet" title="Google Wallet">Wallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pay_(payment_method)" title="Google Pay (payment method)">Pay (payment method)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pay_Send" title="Google Pay Send">Send</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tez_(software)" title="Tez (software)">Tez</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostRank" title="PostRank">PostRank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Primer" title="Google Primer">Primer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softcard" title="Softcard">Softcard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildfire_Interactive" title="Wildfire Interactive">Wildfire Interactive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widevine" title="Widevine">Widevine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organization and productivity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Bookmarks" title="Google Bookmarks">Bookmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Browser_Sync" title="Google Browser Sync">Browser Sync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Calendar" title="Google Calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Search" title="Google Cloud Search">Cloud Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Desktop" title="Google Desktop">Desktop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Drive" title="Google Drive">Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etherpad" title="Etherpad">Etherpad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fflick" title="Fflick">fflick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Files_(Google)" title="Files (Google)">Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGoogle" title="IGoogle">iGoogle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamboard" title="Jamboard">Jamboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Notebook" title="Google Notebook">Notebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NotebookLM" title="NotebookLM">NotebookLM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_One" title="Google One">One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Photos" title="Google Photos">Photos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quickoffice" title="Quickoffice">Quickoffice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Quick_Search_Box" title="Google Quick Search Box">Quick Search Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Surveys" title="Google Surveys">Surveys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Sync" title="Google Sync">Sync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Tasks" title="Google Tasks">Tasks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Toolbar" title="Google Toolbar">Toolbar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Google_Docs_Editors" title="Google Docs Editors">Docs Editors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Docs" title="Google Docs">Docs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Drawings" title="Google Drawings">Drawings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Forms" title="Google Forms">Forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Fusion_Tables" title="Google Fusion Tables">Fusion Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Keep" title="Google Keep">Keep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Sheets" title="Google Sheets">Sheets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Slides" title="Google Slides">Slides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Sites" title="Google Sites">Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Vids" title="Google Vids">Vids</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publishing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apture" title="Apture">Apture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blogger_(service)" title="Blogger (service)">Blogger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyra_Labs" title="Pyra Labs">Pyra Labs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Domains" title="Google Domains">Domains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FeedBurner" title="FeedBurner">FeedBurner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_One_Pass" title="Google One Pass">One Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Page_Creator" title="Google Page Creator">Page Creator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Sites" title="Google Sites">Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Web_Designer" title="Google Web Designer">Web Designer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Classroom" title="Google Classroom">Classroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grasshopper_(mobile_app)" title="Grasshopper (mobile app)">Grasshopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socratic_(Google)" title="Socratic (Google)">Socratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photomath" title="Photomath">Photomath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Read_Along" title="Read Along">Read Along</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toontastic_3D" title="Toontastic 3D">Toontastic 3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Workspace" title="Google Workspace">Workspace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Workspace_Marketplace" title="Google Workspace Marketplace">Marketplace</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Account" title="Google Account">Account</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Dashboard" title="Google Dashboard">Dashboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Takeout" title="Google Takeout">Takeout</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Auto" title="Android Auto">Android Auto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Beam" title="Android Beam">Android Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Arts_%26_Culture" title="Google Arts & Culture">Arts & Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Assistant" title="Google Assistant">Assistant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Authenticator" title="Google Authenticator">Authenticator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZygoteBody" title="ZygoteBody">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BufferBox" title="BufferBox">BufferBox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Building_Maker" title="Google Building Maker">Building Maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BumpTop" title="BumpTop">BumpTop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cast" title="Google Cast">Cast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Print" title="Google Cloud Print">Cloud Print</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowdsource_(app)" title="Crowdsource (app)">Crowdsource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Wellbeing" title="Digital Wellbeing">Digital Wellbeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Expeditions" title="Google Expeditions">Expeditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Family_Link" title="Google Family Link">Family Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Find_My_Device" title="Find My Device">Find My Device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Fit" title="Google Fit">Fit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Fonts" title="Google Fonts">Google Fonts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gboard" title="Gboard">Gboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_(chatbot)" title="Gemini (chatbot)">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Gesture_Search" title="Google Gesture Search">Gesture Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impermium" title="Impermium">Impermium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knol" title="Knol">Knol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lively" title="Google Lively">Lively</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_Transcribe" title="Live Transcribe">Live Transcribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyTracks" title="MyTracks">MyTracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nearby_Share" title="Nearby Share">Nearby Share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Now" title="Google Now">Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Offers" title="Google Offers">Offers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Opinion_Rewards" title="Google Opinion Rewards">Opinion Rewards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Person_Finder" title="Google Person Finder">Person Finder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poly_(website)" title="Poly (website)">Poly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Question_Hub" title="Google Question Hub">Question Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_Share" title="Quick Share">Quick Share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Reader" title="Google Reader">Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Safe_Browsing" title="Google Safe Browsing">Safe Browsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Sidewiki" title="Google Sidewiki">Sidewiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SlickLogin" title="SlickLogin">SlickLogin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_Amplifier" title="Sound Amplifier">Sound Amplifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_Recognition_%26_Synthesis" title="Speech Recognition & Synthesis">Speech Recognition & Synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Station" title="Google Station">Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Store" title="Google Store">Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TalkBack" title="TalkBack">TalkBack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilt_Brush" title="Tilt Brush">Tilt Brush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_URL_Shortener" title="Google URL Shortener">URL Shortener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_Access" title="Voice Access">Voice Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavii" title="Wavii">Wavii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Web_Light" title="Google Web Light">Web Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_WiFi" title="Google WiFi">WiFi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome_App" title="Google Chrome App">Apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)" title="Chromium (web browser)">Chromium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_Game" title="Dinosaur Game">Dinosaur Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GreenBorder" title="GreenBorder">GreenBorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrome_Remote_Desktop" title="Chrome Remote Desktop">Remote Desktop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrome_Web_Store" title="Chrome Web Store">Web Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V8_(JavaScript_engine)" title="V8 (JavaScript engine)">V8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Images and photography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Camera" title="Pixel Camera">Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lens" title="Google Lens">Lens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snapseed" title="Snapseed">Snapseed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nik_Software" title="Nik Software">Nik Software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panoramio" title="Panoramio">Panoramio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Photos" title="Google Photos">Photos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picasa" title="Picasa">Picasa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Picasa_Web_Albums" title="Picasa Web Albums">Web Albums</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picnik" title="Picnik">Picnik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Hardware" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Hardware</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Smartphones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_Dev_Phone" title="Android Dev Phone">Android Dev Phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_One" title="Android One">Android One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Nexus" title="Google Nexus">Nexus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_One" title="Nexus One">Nexus One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_S" title="Nexus S">S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Nexus" title="Galaxy Nexus">Galaxy Nexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_4" title="Nexus 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_5" title="Nexus 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_6" title="Nexus 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_5X" title="Nexus 5X">5X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_6P" title="Nexus 6P">6P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Google_Nexus_smartphones" title="Comparison of Google Nexus smartphones">Comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pixel" title="Google Pixel">Pixel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_(1st_generation)" title="Pixel (1st generation)">Pixel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_2" title="Pixel 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_3" title="Pixel 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_3a" title="Pixel 3a">3a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_4" title="Pixel 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_4a" title="Pixel 4a">4a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_5" title="Pixel 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_5a" title="Pixel 5a">5a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_6" title="Pixel 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_6a" title="Pixel 6a">6a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_7" title="Pixel 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_7a" title="Pixel 7a">7a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Fold" title="Pixel Fold">Fold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_8" title="Pixel 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_8a" title="Pixel 8a">8a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_9" title="Pixel 9">Pixel 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_9_Pro_Fold" title="Pixel 9 Pro Fold">Pixel 9 Pro Fold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Google_Pixel_smartphones" title="Comparison of Google Pixel smartphones">Comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Google_Play_edition_devices" title="List of Google Play edition devices">Play Edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Ara" title="Project Ara">Project Ara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laptops and tablets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromebook" title="Chromebook">Chromebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Nexus" title="Google Nexus">Nexus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_7_(2012)" title="Nexus 7 (2012)">7 (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_7_(2013)" title="Nexus 7 (2013)">7 (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_10" title="Nexus 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_9" title="Nexus 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Google_Nexus_tablets" title="Comparison of Google Nexus tablets">Comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Pixel" title="Google Pixel">Pixel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromebook_Pixel" title="Chromebook Pixel">Chromebook Pixel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixelbook" title="Pixelbook">Pixelbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixelbook_Go" title="Pixelbook Go">Pixelbook Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_C" title="Pixel C">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Slate" title="Pixel Slate">Slate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Tablet" title="Pixel Tablet">Tablet</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wearables</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fitbit" title="Fitbit">Fitbit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Fitbit_products" title="List of Fitbit products">List of products</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Buds" title="Pixel Buds">Pixel Buds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Watch" title="Pixel Watch">Pixel Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Watch_2" title="Pixel Watch 2">Pixel Watch 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Watch_3" title="Pixel Watch 3">Pixel Watch 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Iris" title="Project Iris">Project Iris</a> (unreleased)</li> <li>Virtual reality <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cardboard" title="Google Cardboard">Cardboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Contact_Lens" title="Google Contact Lens">Contact Lens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Daydream" title="Google Daydream">Daydream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Glass" title="Google Glass">Glass</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromebit" title="Chromebit">Chromebit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromebox" title="Chromebox">Chromebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Clips" title="Google Clips">Clips</a></li> <li>Digital media players <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromecast" title="Chromecast">Chromecast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_Player" title="Nexus Player">Nexus Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_Q" title="Nexus Q">Nexus Q</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dropcam" title="Dropcam">Dropcam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_Galaxy" title="Liquid Galaxy">Liquid Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Nest" title="Google Nest">Nest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Nest_(smart_speakers)" title="Google Nest (smart speakers)">Smart Speakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nest_Thermostat" title="Nest Thermostat">Thermostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nest_Wifi" title="Nest Wifi">Wifi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_OnHub" title="Google OnHub">OnHub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_Visual_Core" title="Pixel Visual Core">Pixel Visual Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Search_Appliance" title="Google Search Appliance">Search Appliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sycamore_processor" title="Sycamore processor">Sycamore processor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Tensor" title="Google Tensor">Tensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tensor_Processing_Unit" title="Tensor Processing Unit">Tensor Processing Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_Security_Key" title="Titan Security Key">Titan Security Key</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Google_litigation" title="Template:Google litigation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Google_litigation" title="Template talk:Google litigation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Google_litigation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Google litigation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Litigation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Google_litigation" title="Google litigation">Litigation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advertising</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feldman_v._Google,_Inc." title="Feldman v. Google, Inc.">Feldman v. Google, Inc.</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescuecom_Corp._v._Google_Inc." title="Rescuecom Corp. v. Google Inc.">Rescuecom Corp. v. Google Inc.</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddard_v._Google,_Inc." title="Goddard v. Google, Inc.">Goddard v. Google, Inc.</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Stone_Ltd._v._Google,_Inc." title="Rosetta Stone Ltd. v. Google, Inc.">Rosetta Stone Ltd. v. Google, Inc.</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google,_Inc._v._American_Blind_%26_Wallpaper_Factory,_Inc." title="Google, Inc. v. American Blind & Wallpaper Factory, Inc.">Google, Inc. v. American Blind & Wallpaper Factory, Inc.</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jedi_Blue" title="Jedi Blue">Jedi Blue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antitrust</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antitrust_cases_against_Google_by_the_European_Union" title="Antitrust cases against Google by the European Union">European Union</a> (2010–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-Tech_Employee_Antitrust_Litigation" title="High-Tech Employee Antitrust Litigation">United States v. Adobe Systems, Inc., Apple Inc., Google Inc., Intel Corporation, Intuit, Inc., and Pixar</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umar_Javeed,_Sukarma_Thapar,_Aaqib_Javeed_vs._Google_LLC_and_Ors." title="Umar Javeed, Sukarma Thapar, Aaqib Javeed vs. Google LLC and Ors.">Umar Javeed, Sukarma Thapar, Aaqib Javeed vs. Google LLC and Ors.</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)" title="United States v. Google LLC (2020)">United States v. Google LLC</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)" title="United States v. Google LLC (2023)">United States v. Google LLC</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intellectual property</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perfect_10,_Inc._v._Amazon.com,_Inc." title="Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.">Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.</a> and A9.com Inc. and Google Inc. (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viacom_International_Inc._v._YouTube,_Inc." title="Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.">Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenz_v._Universal_Music_Corp." title="Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.">Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.</a>(2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authors_Guild,_Inc._v._Google,_Inc." title="Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google, Inc.">Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google, Inc.</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_v._Google,_Inc." title="Field v. Google, Inc.">Field v. Google, Inc.</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_LLC_v._Oracle_America,_Inc." title="Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.">Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone_patent_wars" title="Smartphone patent wars">Smartphone patent wars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Privacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_Bank_v._Google,_Inc." title="Rocky Mountain Bank v. Google, Inc.">Rocky Mountain Bank v. Google, Inc.</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibnick_v._Google,_Inc." title="Hibnick v. Google, Inc.">Hibnick v. Google, Inc.</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Google_Inc." title="United States v. Google Inc.">United States v. Google Inc.</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judgement_of_the_German_Federal_Court_of_Justice_on_Google%27s_autocomplete_function" title="Judgement of the German Federal Court of Justice on Google's autocomplete function">Judgement of the German Federal Court of Justice on Google's autocomplete function</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joffe_v._Google,_Inc." title="Joffe v. Google, Inc.">Joffe v. Google, Inc.</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosley_v_SARL_Google" title="Mosley v SARL Google">Mosley v SARL Google</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Spain_v_AEPD_and_Mario_Costeja_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Google Spain v AEPD and Mario Costeja González">Google Spain v AEPD and Mario Costeja González</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_v._Gaos" title="Frank v. Gaos">Frank v. Gaos</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garcia_v._Google,_Inc." title="Garcia v. Google, Inc.">Garcia v. Google, Inc.</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_LLC_v_Defteros" title="Google LLC v Defteros">Google LLC v Defteros</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_Games_v._Google" title="Epic Games v. Google">Epic Games v. Google</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalez_v._Google_LLC" title="Gonzalez v. Google LLC">Gonzalez v. Google LLC</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Google_litigation" title="Category:Google litigation">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms and phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_be_evil" title="Don't be evil">Don't be evil</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayglers" title="Gayglers">Gayglers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_(verb)" title="Google (verb)">Google (verb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_bombing" title="Google bombing">Google bombing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_Google_bombs_in_the_2004_U.S._presidential_election" title="Political Google bombs in the 2004 U.S. presidential election">2004 U.S. presidential election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_effect" title="Google effect">Google effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googlefight" title="Googlefight">Googlefight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_hacking" title="Google hacking">Google hacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googleshare" title="Googleshare">Googleshare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_tax" title="Google tax">Google tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googlewhack" title="Googlewhack">Googlewhack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googlization" title="Googlization">Googlization</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Illegal_flower_tribute" title="Illegal flower tribute">Illegal flower tribute</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooting_(Android)" title="Rooting (Android)">Rooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Search_engine_manipulation_effect" title="Search engine manipulation effect">Search engine manipulation effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitelink" title="Sitelink">Sitelink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Site_reliability_engineering" title="Site reliability engineering">Site reliability engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_poop" title="YouTube poop">YouTube poop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Documentary_films_about_Google" title="Category:Documentary films about Google">Documentaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AlphaGo_(film)" title="AlphaGo (film)">AlphaGo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Behind_the_Screen" title="Google Behind the Screen">Google: Behind the Screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Maps_Road_Trip" title="Google Maps Road Trip">Google Maps Road Trip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_and_the_World_Brain" title="Google and the World Brain">Google and the World Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Creepy_Line" title="The Creepy Line">The Creepy Line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_Google" title="Category:Books about Google">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Hacks" title="Google Hacks">Google Hacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Google_Story" title="The Google Story">The Google Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Volume_One" title="Google Volume One">Google Volume One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googled:_The_End_of_the_World_as_We_Know_It" title="Googled: The End of the World as We Know It">Googled: The End of the World as We Know It</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_Google_Works" title="How Google Works">How Google Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27m_Feeling_Lucky_(book)" title="I'm Feeling Lucky (book)">I'm Feeling Lucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_the_Plex" title="In the Plex">In the Plex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Google_Book" title="The Google Book">The Google Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_MANIAC" title="The MANIAC">The MANIAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Feud" title="Google Feud">Google Feud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Me_(film)" title="Google Me (film)">Google Me (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Me_(Kim_Zolciak_song)" title="Google Me (Kim Zolciak song)">"Google Me" (Kim Zolciak song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Me_(Teyana_Taylor_song)" title="Google Me (Teyana Taylor song)">"Google Me" (Teyana Taylor song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Is_Google_Making_Us_Stupid%3F" title="Is Google Making Us Stupid?">Is Google Making Us Stupid?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proceratium_google" title="Proceratium google">Proceratium google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Nathanson:_Live_at_Google" title="Matt Nathanson: Live at Google">Matt Nathanson: Live at Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Billion_Dollar_Code" title="The Billion Dollar Code">The Billion Dollar Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Internship" title="The Internship">The Internship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Where_on_Google_Earth_is_Carmen_Sandiego%3F" title="Where on Google Earth is Carmen Sandiego?">Where on Google Earth is Carmen Sandiego?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Attention_Is_All_You_Need" title="Attention Is All You Need">Attention Is All You Need</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ElgooG" title="ElgooG">elgooG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predictions_of_the_end_of_Google" title="Predictions of the end of Google">Predictions of the end</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Registry" title="Google Registry">Registry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.app_(top-level_domain)" title=".app (top-level domain)">.app (top-level domain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.dev" title=".dev">.dev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.co" title="G.co">g.co</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.google" title=".google">.google</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimp_My_Search" title="Pimp My Search">Pimp My Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_Google_and_Wikipedia" title="Relationship between Google and Wikipedia">Relationship with Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensorvault" title="Sensorvault">Sensorvault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Digital_Library_Project" title="Stanford Digital Library Project">Stanford Digital Library Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Italics indicate <a href="/wiki/List_of_Google_products#Discontinued_products_and_services" title="List of Google products">discontinued products or services</a>.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Google" title="Category:Google">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Google" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Google">Commons</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Google" title="Outline of Google">Outline</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/16px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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