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href="#From_the_late_20th_century_to_the_present_day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>From the late 20th century to the present day</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-From_the_late_20th_century_to_the_present_day-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle From the late 20th century to the present day subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-From_the_late_20th_century_to_the_present_day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Incidents_in_reunified_Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incidents_in_reunified_Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Incidents in reunified Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incidents_in_reunified_Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_reports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_reports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>General reports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_reports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_debate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_debate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Public debate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_debate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Racial_profiling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Racial_profiling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Racial profiling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Racial_profiling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Racist_organizations_in_Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Racist_organizations_in_Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Racist organizations in Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Racist_organizations_in_Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-Palestinian_racism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-Palestinian_racism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Anti-Palestinian racism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-Palestinian_racism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" 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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_reports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Official reports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_reports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-News_items" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#News_items"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>News items</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-News_items-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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encompasses both historical and contemporary forms of racial discrimination and prejudice. This includes the colonial-era <a href="/wiki/Herero_and_Nama_genocide" title="Herero and Nama genocide">genocide of the Herero and Namaqua people</a>, state-sanctioned racism in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> that culminated in the <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">Holocaust</a>, and ongoing issues in post-reunification Germany. </p><p>During the Nazi era, policies such as the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a> codified racial hierarchies and led to the persecution of <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a>, and other groups deemed "inferior". After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a>, there have been instances of racist street violence and reports of systemic discrimination against immigrants and ethnic minorities. International human rights organizations have documented evidence of institutional underrepresentation, marginalization and <a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling" title="Racial profiling">racial profiling</a>. </p><p>Germany has also faced accusations of <a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">anti-Palestinian racism</a>, including allegations of censorship, police violence and the <a href="/wiki/Weaponization_of_antisemitism" title="Weaponization of antisemitism">conflation of anti-Zionism with antisemitism</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a>'s labeling of the <a href="/wiki/Boycott,_Divestment_and_Sanctions" title="Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions">BDS movement</a> as antisemitic, along with allegations by academics and artists of a "witch hunt" against pro-Palestinian activists, has sparked controversy. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="19th_and_early_20th_centuries">19th and early 20th centuries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Germany&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: 19th and early 20th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herero_chained.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Herero_chained.jpg/220px-Herero_chained.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Herero_chained.jpg/330px-Herero_chained.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Herero_chained.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="292" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Herero_people" title="Herero people">Herero people</a> chained up in 1904</figcaption></figure> <p>When Germany struggled to become a belated colonial power in the 19th century, several atrocities were committed, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Herero_and_Namaqua_Genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Herero and Namaqua Genocide">Herero and Namaqua Genocide</a> in what is now <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>. The German authorities forced the survivors of the <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a> into concentration camps. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Fischer" title="Eugen Fischer">Eugen Fischer</a>, a German professor of <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">eugenics</a> conducted "medical experiments on race" in these camps, including sterilizations and injections of <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Typhus" title="Typhus">typhus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>. He advocated the genocide of alleged "inferior races" stating that "whoever thinks thoroughly about the notion of <a href="/wiki/Race_(human_categorization)" title="Race (human categorization)">race</a>, cannot arrive at a different conclusion".<sup id="cite_ref-HBV_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBV-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Herero genocide has commanded the attention of historians who study complex issues of continuity between this event and the Nazi Holocaust.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Lusane" title="Clarence Lusane">Clarence Lusane</a>, an Associate Professor of <a href="/wiki/Political_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Political Science">Political Science</a> at the <a href="/wiki/American_University_School_of_International_Service" title="American University School of International Service">American University School of International Service</a>, Fischer's experiments can be seen as testing ground for later medical procedures used during the Nazi Holocaust.<sup id="cite_ref-HBV_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBV-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Against_the_Polish_population">Against the Polish population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Germany&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Against the Polish population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Germanization" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanization">Germanization</a> policies against the Polish population in Germany were largely concentrated in territories conquered from <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">Partitions of Poland</a>, but they were also enforced in <a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pomerania" title="Pomerania">Pomerania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Masuria" title="Masuria">Masuria</a>. They were motivated by racism.<sup id="cite_ref-Piper2018_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piper2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Third_Reich">The Third Reich</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Germany&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Third Reich"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buchenwald_Corpses_60623.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Buchenwald_Corpses_60623.jpg/220px-Buchenwald_Corpses_60623.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Buchenwald_Corpses_60623.jpg/330px-Buchenwald_Corpses_60623.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Buchenwald_Corpses_60623.jpg/440px-Buchenwald_Corpses_60623.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="944" /></a><figcaption>Corpses at the <a href="/wiki/Buchenwald_concentration_camp" title="Buchenwald concentration camp">Buchenwald concentration camp</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi party">Nazis</a> came to power in 1933, <a href="/wiki/Racial_policy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Racial policy of Nazi Germany">racism</a> became a part of <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">the official state ideology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shortly after the Nazis came to power, they passed the <a href="/wiki/Law_for_the_Restoration_of_the_Professional_Civil_Service" title="Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service">Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service</a> which expelled all civil servants who were of "non-Aryan" origin, with a few exceptions.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Nazis passed the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a> in 1935. The first law known as the "Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour" forbade sexual relations and marriages between people of "German blood" and Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly afterwards, the Nazis extended this law to include "Gypsies, negroes or their bastards".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the Nazis preached racial supremacy, in several books and pamphlets they stated that they were preaching racial consciousness rather than supremacy such as: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The fundamental reason for excluding foreign-race groups from a people’s body is not discrimination or contempt, but rather the realization of otherness. Only through such thinking will it be possible for the peoples to again become healthy and able to respect each other.<sup id="cite_ref-race1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-race1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The Nazis believed that race determined everything and they told the Germans to be racially conscious.<sup id="cite_ref-race1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-race1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1930s and 1940s, <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>'s military conquest of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> in the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> was followed by countless acts of racially motivated murder and genocide. </p><p>In its broad definition, the term <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">Holocaust</a> refers to an industrially run programme of state-sponsored <a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">murder</a> by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, a genocide of different groups and the murder of individuals, whom the German authorities at this time defined as belonging to an "<a href="/wiki/Inferior_race" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior race">inferior race</a>", as having "<a href="/wiki/Life_unworthy_of_life" title="Life unworthy of life">life unworthy of life</a>" or advocating beliefs that were disturbing to their politics. The affected cultures use their own expressions such as: The <i><a href="/wiki/Shoah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoah">Shoah</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <big><span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">השואה</span></span></big>, <i>HaShoah</i>, "catastrophe"; <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: <big><span title="Yiddish-language text"><span lang="yi" dir="rtl">חורבן</span></span></big>, <i>Churben</i> or <i>Hurban</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the Jewish context, the <i><a href="/wiki/Porajmos" class="mw-redirect" title="Porajmos">Porajmos</a></i> [ˌpɔʁmɔs] (also Porrajmos or Pharrajimos, literally "devouring" or "destruction" in some dialects of the Romani language) used by <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani people</a>, or the Polish word <i>"Zagłada"</i> (literally meaning "annihilation", or "extinction") often used by <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Poles</a> as a synonym of the word Holocaust.<sup id="cite_ref-Niewyk1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niewyk1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Holocaust was one of many outbreaks of <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a>, a term coined in the late 19th century in Germany as a more scientific-sounding term for <i>Judenhass</i> ("Jew-hatred"). Scientific theories on antisemitism are divided into what degree it can be subsumed under racism and to what degree it can be subsumed under other causes and mechanisms.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="From_the_late_20th_century_to_the_present_day">From the late 20th century to the present day</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Germany&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: From the late 20th century to the present day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Incidents_in_reunified_Germany">Incidents in reunified Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Germany&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Incidents in reunified Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>More than 130 people were killed in racist street violence in Germany, in the years between 1990 and 2010, according to the German newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Zeit" title="Die Zeit">Die Zeit</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only some of the most publicly noted cases are listed below. In particular, after <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a> in the 1990s a wave of racist street violence claimed numerous lives, with notable incidents including the arson attack in Mölln and the <a href="/wiki/Riot_of_Rostock-Lichtenhagen" class="mw-redirect" title="Riot of Rostock-Lichtenhagen">Riot of Rostock-Lichtenhagen</a> in 1992, the <a href="/wiki/Solingen_arson_attack_of_1993" class="mw-redirect" title="Solingen arson attack of 1993">Solingen arson attack of 1993</a>, and the attack on <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Martin" title="Noël Martin">Noël Martin</a> in 1996. </p><p>In 2006, a black German citizen of Ethiopian descent named as Ermyas M., an engineer was beaten into a <a href="/wiki/Coma" title="Coma">coma</a> by two unknown assailants who called him "<a href="/wiki/Nigger" title="Nigger">nigger</a>" in an unprovoked attack that has reawakened concern about racist violence in eastern Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was waiting for a tram in <a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a>, near Berlin, when two people approached him shouting "nigger". When he objected, they attacked him with a bottle and beat him to the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 2006, German-Turkish politician Giyasettin Sayan, a member of Berlin's regional assembly, was attacked by two men who called him a "dirty foreigner". Sayan, who represents the Left party, suffered head injuries and bruising after his attackers struck him with a bottle in a street in his Lichtenberg ward in the East of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2007, a mob consisting of about 50 Germans attacked 8 Indian street vendors during a town festival in the town of <a href="/wiki/Muegeln" class="mw-redirect" title="Muegeln">Muegeln</a> near Leipzig.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The victims found shelter in a pizzeria owned by Kulvir Singh, one of those being chased, but the mob broke through the doors and destroyed Singh's car. All eight were injured and it took 70 police to quell the violence<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is evidence that, in 2015, Professor <a href="/wiki/Annette_Beck-Sickinger" title="Annette Beck-Sickinger">Annette Beck-Sickinger</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leipzig" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Leipzig">University of Leipzig</a> in Germany <a href="/wiki/Leipzig_University_internship_controversy" title="Leipzig University internship controversy">rejected Indian candidates</a> on the basis of racism and stereotyping. The incidents were so severe - amid shock that they were perpetrated by an apparently 'educated' woman - that Germany's ambassador to India wrote a strongly worded letter condemning the professor, stating: "Your oversimplifying and discriminating generalization is an offense ... to millions of law-abiding, tolerant, open-minded and hard-working Indians," he wrote. "Let's be clear: India is not a country of rapists."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_reports">General reports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Germany&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: General reports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) noted in 2001, in its second report on the situation of the approximately 9% non- citizen population after German reunification: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> (…) that, in spite of the considerable number of non-citizens who have been living in Germany for a long time or even from birth, there was a reluctance by Germany to consider itself as a country of immigration.” Persons of immigrant origin, including those who are second or third generation born in Germany, tended to remain 'foreigners' in German statistics and public discourse.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Civil rights activist <a href="/wiki/Ika_H%C3%BCgel-Marshall" title="Ika Hügel-Marshall">Ika Hügel-Marshall</a> has complained that she and others found it difficult to be regarded as German due to their ethnic background. She co-founded the Afro-Deutsch movement in the 1980s to raise awareness of Germans with African ancestry. The movement was designed "to resist marginalization and discrimination, to gain social acceptance, and to construct a cultural identity for themselves."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, people with a migrant background also "are under-represented in important institutions, including the political system, the police and the courts".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_debate">Public debate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Germany&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Public debate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Critics say that a lingering xenophobia in parts of German society is being ignored. A representative from the country's Jewish Council argued that Germany is lacking a coordinated "nationwide action plan" when it comes to <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Germany_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="Far-right politics in Germany (1945–present)">right-wing extremism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A former government spokesman Uwe-Karsten Heye said that dark-skinned visitors to Germany should consider avoiding the eastern part of the country where racism runs high. "There are small and medium-sized towns in Brandenburg, as well as elsewhere, which I would advise a visitor of another skin color to avoid going to.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also reported that German police "routinely ignore racist attacks".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> politician <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Edathy" title="Sebastian Edathy">Sebastian Edathy</a> said "People with dark skin have a much higher risk of being a victim of an attack in eastern Germany than in western Germany." He also accused municipalities in the east of not investing enough in the prevention of right-wing extremism."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Undercover journalist <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Wallraff" title="Günter Wallraff">Günter Wallraff</a> traveled across Germany for more than a year wearing a dark-haired curly wig and his white skin painted black, in a documentary film titled <i>Black on White</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He said that "I hadn't known what we would discover, and had thought maybe the story will be, what a tolerant and accepting country we have become, unfortunately I was wrong".<sup id="cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a 2019 report presented by the German Federal Anti-Discrimination Agency, the number of cases of racial discrimination reported in Germany rose by almost 10% to 1,176 since 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Germany has an "ongoing problem with racial discrimination and does not give enough consistent legal support to victims," says Bernhard Franke, the acting head of the German Federal Anti-Discrimination Agency. According to him, the feeling of being left alone with injustice has "dire consequences in the long run that endanger social cohesion."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, <a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a> interior minister <a href="/wiki/Roger_Lewentz" title="Roger Lewentz">Roger Lewentz</a> said the former communist states were "more susceptible" to "xenophobic radicalization" because former <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> had not had the same exposure to foreign people and cultures over the decades that the people in the West of the country have had.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2017 study found that the reason why East Germans were more prone to hold right-wing extreme and xenophobia views, was due to <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> communist rule.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Racial_profiling">Racial profiling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Germany&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Racial profiling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling#Germany" title="Racial profiling">Racial profiling § Germany</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Racial_profiling&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p>In February 2012, the first court ruling concerning racial profiling in German police policy, allowing police to use skin color and "non-German ethnic origin" to select persons who will be asked for identification in spot-checks for illegal immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, it was decided legal for a person submitted to a spot-check to compare the policy to that of the <a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a> in public.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A higher court later overruled the earlier decision declaring the racial profiling unlawful and in violation of anti-discrimination provisions in Art. 3 Basic Law and the General Equal Treatment Act of 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The civil rights organisation <i>Büro zur Umsetzung von Gleichbehandlung</i> (Office for the Implementation of Equal Treatment) makes a distinction between criminal profiling, which is legitimate in Germany, and ethnic profiling, which is not.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a 2016 report by the Interior ministry in Germany, there had been an increase in <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_crime_in_Germany" title="Immigration and crime in Germany">hate crimes and violence against migrant groups</a> in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Racial_profiling_BBC_News-2017_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Racial_profiling_BBC_News-2017-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reports concluded that there were more than 10 attacks per day against migrants in Germany in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-Racial_profiling_BBC_News-2017_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Racial_profiling_BBC_News-2017-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This report from Germany garnered the attention of the United Nations, which alleged that people of African descent face widespread discrimination in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> A 2017 statement by the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Rights after a visit to Germany states: "While the Basic Law guarantees equality, prohibits racial discrimination, and states that human dignity is inviolable, it is not being enforced." and calls racial profiling by police officials endemic. Recommendations include legal reform, establishing an independent complaint system, training and continuing education for the police, and investigations to promote accountability and remedy.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Racist_organizations_in_Germany">Racist organizations in Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Germany&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Racist organizations in Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neo-Nazi_Skinhead.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Neo-Nazi_Skinhead.jpg/220px-Neo-Nazi_Skinhead.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Neo-Nazi_Skinhead.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="253" data-file-height="325" /></a><figcaption>German <a href="/wiki/White_power_skinhead" title="White power skinhead">white power skinhead</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Despite widespread rejection of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> in modern Germany, there have been <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazi</a> activities and organizations in post-war Germany. At times these groups face legal issues. Hence the <a href="/wiki/Volkssozialistische_Bewegung_Deutschlands/Partei_der_Arbeit" title="Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit">Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Action_Front_of_National_Socialists/National_Activists" title="Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists">Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Free_German_Workers%27_Party" title="Free German Workers' Party">Free German Workers' Party</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Front_(Germany)" title="Nationalist Front (Germany)">Nationalist Front</a> were all banned. The <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="National Democratic Party of Germany">National Democratic Party of Germany</a> has been accused of Neo-Nazi or Neo-Fascist leanings <sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-damagepoll_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-damagepoll-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Neonazis_in_der_NPD_auf_dem_Vormarsch_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neonazis_in_der_NPD_auf_dem_Vormarsch-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Neonazis_kooperieren_mit_der_NPD_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neonazis_kooperieren_mit_der_NPD-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but historian <a href="/wiki/Walter_Laqueur" title="Walter Laqueur">Walter Laqueur</a> writes that it cannot be classified that way.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-Palestinian_racism">Anti-Palestinian racism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Germany&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Anti-Palestinian racism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism#Germany" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Anti-Palestinianism § Germany</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-Palestinianism&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p>Mati Shemoelof in <a href="/wiki/%2B972_Magazine" title="+972 Magazine">+972 Magazine</a> said anti-Palestinian sentiment is common in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palestinians in the country have described a "crackdown and criminalisation" of Palestinians which has included police violence at protests, racial profiling, censorship, and violations of their human rights.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Anti-Palestinianism_:4_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anti-Palestinianism_:4-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Majed Abusalama, co-founder of Palestine Speaks in Germany, suggests German anti-Palestinianism is increasing.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German left, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Germans_(political_current)" title="Anti-Germans (political current)">Antideutsch</a> movement, has been noted for anti-Palestinian sentiment. Many pro-Israel non-Jewish Zionists on the German left regard being anti-Palestinian as connected to their solidarity with Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShemoelof2021_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShemoelof2021-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a> declared the <a href="/wiki/BDS_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="BDS movement">BDS movement</a> to be a form of <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitism in Germany">antisemitism</a>. In response, the BDS movement condemned the motion as anti-Palestinian. The Palestinian B.D.S. National Committee issued a statement declaring the motion an "anti-Palestinian...McCarthyite and unconstitutional resolution passed by the German Parliament."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasrAlkousaa2019_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasrAlkousaa2019-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennhold2019_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennhold2019-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British musician <a href="/wiki/Brian_Eno" title="Brian Eno">Brian Eno</a> has argued that pro-Palestinian artists are subjected to "censorship and inquisitorial <a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a>" due to the actions of the German government and anti-Palestinian groups.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEno2021_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEno2021-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 27 April 2023, ahead of the 75th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Israel%27s_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel's independence">Israel's independence</a>, or for Palestinians the 75th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a>, prominent German politician and <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">president of the European Commission</a> <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> referred to Israel as a "vibrant democracy" in the Middle East that "<a href="/wiki/Making_the_desert_bloom" title="Making the desert bloom">made the desert bloom</a>" in remarks criticized by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Expatriates_(State_of_Palestine)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates (State of Palestine)">foreign ministry of the Palestinian Authority</a> as a "<a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propagandist</a> discourse" propagating an "anti-Palestinian racist trope" and a "<a href="/wiki/Whitewashing_(censorship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitewashing (censorship)">whitewashing</a>" of <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli occupation">Israeli occupation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Germany's relationship with Palestine has been described as "complex". At present, Germany's political class exhibits a "zealous identification with Israel" that is "often explained in terms of the country's past". Alternative readings, however, view this trend as a "qualitatively new phenomenon in Germany largely unrelated to moral considerations pertaining to the Nazi era".<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hannah C. Tzuberi argues that German manifestations of "<a href="/wiki/Anti-antisemitism_in_Germany" title="Anti-antisemitism in Germany">anti-antisemitism</a>" (which has been described as "a defining marker of post-war German identity")<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> can go beyond the identification of Germans with Jews, sometimes leading to the identification of German <a href="/wiki/Gentile" title="Gentile">gentiles</a> as Jews, and the identification of Germany as Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> In 2020, scholars and artists began accusing Germany of a "witch hunt" against those who express pro-Palestinian solidarity.<sup id="cite_ref-Anti-Palestinianism_:3_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anti-Palestinianism_:3-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The European Legal Support Center (ELSC) has also accused Germany of human rights violations for laws which it says amount to suppression of pro-Palestinian activism, which it says particularly affects Jews and Palestinians.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artists for Palestine says Germany has censured a number of artists for expressing pro-Palestinian sentiment, include <a href="/wiki/Kamila_Shamsie" title="Kamila Shamsie">Kamila Shamsie</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kae_Tempest" title="Kae Tempest">Kae Tempest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Young_Fathers" title="Young Fathers">Young Fathers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talib_Kweli" title="Talib Kweli">Talib Kwelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walid_Raad" title="Walid Raad">Walid Raad</a> and Nirit Sommerfeld.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEno2021_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEno2021-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Anti-Palestinianism_:3_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anti-Palestinianism_:3-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <p>In 2024, <a href="/wiki/Liz_Fekete" title="Liz Fekete">Liz Fekete</a> described systemic anti-Palestinian racism in German politics, media and police, including the criminalization and stigmatization of pro-Palestinian demonstrations, and the treatment of any criticism of Israel's colonialist politics as antisemitic and blasphemous. She adds: ″this cannot be explained away simply by alluding to Germany’s desire to atone for the Holocaust.″<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Germany&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HBV-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HBV_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBV_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOlusogaErichsen2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Olusoga" title="David Olusoga">Olusoga, David</a>; Erichsen, Casper W. (2010). <i>The Kaiser's Holocaust. Germany's Forgotten Genocide and the Colonial Roots of Nazism</i>. London: Faber & Faber. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-23141-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-23141-6"><bdi>978-0-571-23141-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kaiser%27s+Holocaust.+Germany%27s+Forgotten+Genocide+and+the+Colonial+Roots+of+Nazism&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Faber+%26+Faber&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-571-23141-6&rft.aulast=Olusoga&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Erichsen%2C+Casper+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARacism+in+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures - Continental Europe and its Empires, page 240 Edinburgh University Press 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Piper2018-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Piper2018_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicola_Piper2018" class="citation book cs1">Nicola Piper (17 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uKubDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT122"><i>Racism, Nationalism and Citizenship: Ethnic Minorities in Britain and Germany</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. <span class="nowrap">122–</span>124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-429-83087-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-429-83087-7"><bdi>978-0-429-83087-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Racism%2C+Nationalism+and+Citizenship%3A+Ethnic+Minorities+in+Britain+and+Germany&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E122-%3C%2Fspan%3E124&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2018-08-17&rft.isbn=978-0-429-83087-7&rft.au=Nicola+Piper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuKubDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARacism+in+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christian Geulen: <i>Geschichte des Rassismus</i>, C.H. Beck, München 2007, 97f</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Nazi Germany Sourcebook: An Anthology of Texts, ed Roderick Stackelberg, Sally A. Winkle, Routledge, Article 3.12b First Regulation for Administration of the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_BurleighWolfgang_Wippermann1991" class="citation book cs1">Michael Burleigh; Wolfgang Wippermann (7 November 1991). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/racialstate00mich"><i>The Racial State: Germany 1933-1945</i></a></span>. Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/racialstate00mich/page/49">49</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-39802-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-39802-2"><bdi>978-0-521-39802-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Racial+State%3A+Germany+1933-1945&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1991-11-07&rft.isbn=978-0-521-39802-2&rft.au=Michael+Burleigh&rft.au=Wolfgang+Wippermann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fracialstate00mich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARacism+in+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burleigh, p. 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-race1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-race1_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-race1_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/erblehre.htm">"Heredity and Racial Science for Elementary and Secondary Schools"</a>. 1937.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heredity+and+Racial+Science+for+Elementary+and+Secondary+Schools&rft.date=1937&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresearch.calvin.edu%2Fgerman-propaganda-archive%2Ferblehre.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARacism+in+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/269548/Holocaust">"Holocaust," <i>Encyclop?dia Britannica</i>, 2009</a>: "the systematic state-sponsored killing of six million Jewish men, women and children, and millions of others by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II. The Nazis called this "the final solution to the Jewish question ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Niewyk1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Niewyk1_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Niewyk, Donald L. <i>The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust</i>, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>, 2000, p.45: "The Holocaust is commonly defined as the murder of more than 5,000,000 Jews by the Germans in World War II."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.zeit.de/2010/38/Rechte-Gewalt">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Die_Zeit" title="Die Zeit">Die Zeit</a>: Rechte Gewalt</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,411820,00.html">"Germany Shocked by Racist Attack: Ethopian-Born Man Beaten Into Coma"</a>. Der Spiegel. 2006-04-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-05-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Germany+Shocked+by+Racist+Attack%3A+Ethopian-Born+Man+Beaten+Into+Coma&rft.pub=Der+Spiegel&rft.date=2006-04-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2F0%2C1518%2C411820%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARacism+in+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,2030616,00.html">"Racist Attacks Have Germany on Edge Ahead of World Cup | Germany | DW.DE | null"</a>. Dw-world.de<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-05-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Racist+Attacks+Have+Germany+on+Edge+Ahead+of+World+Cup+%26%23124%3B+Germany+%26%23124%3B+DW.DE+%26%23124%3B+null&rft.pub=Dw-world.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw-world.de%2Fdw%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C2030616%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARacism+in+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,2027025,00.html">"German-Turkish Politician Injured in Racist Attack"</a>. Deutsche Welle<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-05-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=German-Turkish+Politician+Injured+in+Racist+Attack&rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw-world.de%2Fdw%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C2027025%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARacism+in+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,501352,00.html">"Racism Alive and Well: After Attack on Indians, Germany Fears For its Reputation"</a>. <i>Der Spiegel</i>. 22 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-05-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Racism+Alive+and+Well%3A+After+Attack+on+Indians%2C+Germany+Fears+For+its+Reputation&rft.date=2007-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fgermany%2F0%2C1518%2C501352%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARacism+in+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,500879,00.html">"Mob Rule in Eastern Germany: Indians Attacked by Crowd at Street Party"</a>. <i>Der Spiegel</i>. 20 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-05-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Mob+Rule+in+Eastern+Germany%3A+Indians+Attacked+by+Crowd+at+Street+Party&rft.date=2007-08-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fgermany%2F0%2C1518%2C500879%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARacism+in+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,501654,00.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Shame, Shame, Shame!': Readers React to German Racist Attack"</a>. <i>Der Spiegel</i>. 23 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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March 11, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Second+Indian+rejected+by+German+professor&rft.date=2015-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fblogs-trending-31834228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARacism+in+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarmeet_Shah_Singh,_Kunal_Sehgal_and_Greg_Botelho2015" class="citation web cs1">Harmeet Shah Singh, Kunal Sehgal and Greg Botelho (10 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2015/03/10/asia/india-rape-german-professor/index.html">"Professor apologizes for India rape comments"</a>. <i>CNN</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Professor+apologizes+for+India+rape+comments&rft.date=2015-03-10&rft.au=Harmeet+Shah+Singh%2C+Kunal+Sehgal+and+Greg+Botelho&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2015%2F03%2F10%2Fasia%2Findia-rape-german-professor%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARacism+in+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"Third report on Germany", <i>European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI)</i>, Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 2003, pp. 13, point 29</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Third+report+on+Germany&rft.btitle=European+Commission+against+Racism+and+Intolerance+%28ECRI%29&rft.place=Strasbourg&rft.pages=13%2C+point+29&rft.pub=Council+of+Europe&rft.date=2003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARacism+in+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanson2005" class="citation journal cs1">Janson, Deborah (2005). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2009</span>. <q>The neo-Nazi NPD party has representatives in every county council in the eastern German state of Saxony after it increased its share of the vote in municipal elections on Sunday.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Neo-Nazi+NPD+party+takes+hold+in+municipal+vote+in+Saxony&rft.pub=The+Local&rft.date=2008-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.de%2Fpolitics%2F20080609-12381.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARacism+in+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-damagepoll-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-damagepoll_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/0,1518,438528,00.html">"Poll shows majority of Germany believe NPD to be non-democratic and damaging to Germany's image"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Artists+for+Palestine+UK&rft.atitle=Brian+Eno%3A+Artists+must+call+out+Germany%E2%80%99s+anti-Palestinian+witch-hunt&rft.date=2021-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartistsforpalestine.org.uk%2F2021%2F02%2F08%2Fbrian-eno-artists-must-call-out-germanys-anti-palestinian-witch-hunt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARacism+in+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFekete2024" class="citation journal cs1">Fekete, Liz (2024-05-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03063968241253708">"Anti-Palestinian racism and the criminalisation of international solidarity in Europe"</a>. <i>Race & Class</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F03063968241253708">10.1177/03063968241253708</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0306-3968">0306-3968</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Race+%26+Class&rft.atitle=Anti-Palestinian+racism+and+the+criminalisation+of+international+solidarity+in+Europe&rft.date=2024-05-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F03063968241253708&rft.issn=0306-3968&rft.aulast=Fekete&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F03063968241253708&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARacism+in+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Germany&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennhold2019" class="citation news cs1">Bennhold, Katrin (17 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/17/world/europe/germany-bds-anti-semitic.html">"German Parliament Deems B.D.S. Movement Anti-Semitic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=German+Parliament+Deems+B.D.S.+Movement+Anti-Semitic&rft.date=2019-05-17&rft.aulast=Bennhold&rft.aufirst=Katrin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F05%2F17%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fgermany-bds-anti-semitic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARacism+in+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEno2021" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Eno" title="Brian Eno">Eno, Brian</a> (4 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/feb/04/artists-censored-germany-palestinian-rights">"Artists like me are being censored in Germany – because we support Palestinian rights"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Artists+like+me+are+being+censored+in+Germany+%E2%80%93+because+we+support+Palestinian+rights&rft.date=2021-02-04&rft.aulast=Eno&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2021%2Ffeb%2F04%2Fartists-censored-germany-palestinian-rights&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARacism+in+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNasrAlkousaa2019" class="citation news cs1">Nasr, Joseph; Alkousaa, Riham (17 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-bds-israel/germany-designates-bds-israel-boycott-movement-as-anti-semitic-idUSKCN1SN204">"Germany designates BDS Israel boycott movement as anti-Semitic"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Germany+designates+BDS+Israel+boycott+movement+as+anti-Semitic&rft.date=2019-05-17&rft.aulast=Nasr&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.au=Alkousaa%2C+Riham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-germany-bds-israel%2Fgermany-designates-bds-israel-boycott-movement-as-anti-semitic-idUSKCN1SN204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARacism+in+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShemoelof2021" class="citation magazine cs1">Shemoelof, Mati (21 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.972mag.com/jid-palestine-leipzig-germany/">"The Israelis challenging the German left's anti-Palestinian politics"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/%2B972_Magazine" title="+972 Magazine">+972 Magazine</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%2B972+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Israelis+challenging+the+German+left%27s+anti-Palestinian+politics&rft.date=2021-07-21&rft.aulast=Shemoelof&rft.aufirst=Mati&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.972mag.com%2Fjid-palestine-leipzig-germany%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARacism+in+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Germany&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official_reports">Official reports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Germany&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Official reports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/racism/rapporteur/docs/A_HRC_14_43_Add.2.pdf">Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on Contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance on his visit to Germany</a>, 2010</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722013106/http://hudoc.ecri.coe.int/XMLEcri/ENGLISH/Cycle_04/04_CbC_eng/DEU-CbC-IV-2009-019-ENG.pdf">European Commission against Racism and Intolerance — 4thj report on Germany</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bayefsky.com/pdf/germany_t4_cerd_73.pdf">CERD concluding observations on Germany</a>, 2008</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/44/681/8663.pdf">Racism in Germany and its impact on the Turkish minority</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irr.org.uk/2010/february/ha000033.html">Germany: freedom to speak on racism under threat</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/callaloo/v026/26.2lemke.html">"Germany's 'Brown Babies' Must Be Helped! Will You?": U.S. Adoption Plans for Afro-German Children, 1950-1955</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="News_items">News items</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Germany&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: News items"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1159888.stm">German racist attacks soar</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,3568646,00.html">Germany Needs to Do More Against Racism, UN Body Says </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091115135111/http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/harrydequetteville/3694391/How_racist_is_Germany/">How racist is Germany?</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4410422">Racism in Germany: Double-Talk by Political Parties</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,3427199,00.html">Study: Racism in Germany Increasingly Mainstream </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100215144731/http://www.mut-gegen-rechte-gewalt.de/eng/news/news-in-english/muegeln/">"A deep-rooted racism in Germany" - International press review after the racist attack in Muegeln</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany" title="History of Germany">History of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_German_history" title="Timeline of German history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Germany" title="Historiography of Germany">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Germany" title="Military history of Germany">Military history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Period" title="Migration Period">Migration Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_early_Germanic_peoples" title="List of early Germanic peoples">List of early Germanic peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teutons" title="Teutons">Teutons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Huns" title="History of the Huns">History of the Huns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_warfare_between_the_Romans_and_Germanic_peoples" title="Chronology of warfare between the Romans and Germanic peoples">Chronology of warfare between the Romans and Germanic peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimbrian_War" title="Cimbrian War">Cimbrian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_campaigns_in_Germania_(12_BC_%E2%80%93_AD_16)" title="Roman campaigns in Germania (12 BC – AD 16)">Roman campaigns in Germania (12 BC – AD 16)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_Wars" title="Marcomannic Wars">Marcomannic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic Wars">Gothic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410)" title="Sack of Rome (410)">Sack of Rome (410)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Verdun" title="Treaty of Verdun">Treaty of Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingian dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostsiedlung" title="Ostsiedlung">Ostsiedlung (East Colonisation)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germany_in_the_early_modern_period" title="Germany in the early modern period">Early modern period, 1500–1800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th-century_history_of_Germany" title="18th-century history of Germany">18th-century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_revolutions_of_1848%E2%80%931849" title="German revolutions of 1848–1849">German revolutions of 1848–1849</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Constitution" title="Frankfurt Constitution">Frankfurt Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_German_Confederation" title="North German Confederation">North German Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Germany" title="Unification of Germany">Unification of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany_during_World_War_I" title="History of Germany during World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_guilt_question" title="War guilt question">War guilt question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">Revolution of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany#World_War_II" title="Nazi Germany">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Allied occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)">Flight and expulsions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denazification" title="Denazification">Denazification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany_(1945%E2%80%931990)" title="History of Germany (1945–1990)">Divided Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">Reunification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany_since_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Germany since 1990">History of Germany since 1990</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Prussia">History of Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brandenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Brandenburg">History of Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_War" title="Cologne War">Cologne War</a>, 1583–1588</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baden_Revolution" title="Baden Revolution">Baden Revolution</a>, 1848</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Germany" title="Geography of Germany">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Germany">Administrative divisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Districts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Germany" title="List of cities and towns in Germany">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Germany" title="List of earthquakes in Germany">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Germany" title="Geology of Germany">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Germany" title="List of islands of Germany">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Germany" title="List of lakes of Germany">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Germany" title="Category:Mountains of Germany">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Germany" title="Category:Rivers of Germany">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Germany" title="Politics of Germany">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Bundesrat" title="German Bundesrat">Bundesrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr"><i>Bundeswehr</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(military)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_for_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Germany" title="Judiciary of Germany">Court system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Germany" title="Elections in Germany">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Government_of_Germany" title="Federal Government of Germany">Federal Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Germany" title="Foreign relations of Germany">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Germany" title="Human rights in Germany">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Germany" title="Intersex rights in Germany">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Germany">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Germany" title="Transgender rights in Germany">Transgender</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Germany" title="Law of Germany">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Germany" title="Law enforcement in Germany">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobbying_in_Germany" title="Lobbying in Germany">Lobbying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Germany" title="Conservatism in Germany">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_nationalism" title="German nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Germany" title="List of political parties in Germany">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">President</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Germany" title="Economy of Germany">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Germany" title="Agriculture in Germany">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Germany" title="Automotive industry in Germany">Automobile industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Germany" title="Banking in Germany">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bundesbank" title="Deutsche Bundesbank">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_German_Chemical_Triangle" title="Middle German Chemical Triangle">Chemical Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Germany" title="Economic history of Germany">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Germany" title="Energy in Germany">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Germany" title="List of exports of Germany">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_model" title="German model">German model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="List of German states by GDP">German states by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mittelstand" title="Mittelstand"><i>Mittelstand</i> companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Germany" title="Science and technology in Germany">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange" title="Frankfurt Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Germany" title="Taxation in Germany">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Germany" title="Telecommunications in Germany">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Germany" title="Tourism in Germany">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Germany" title="Trade unions in Germany">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Germany" title="Transport in Germany">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Germany" title="Rail transport in Germany">Rail</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Welfare in Germany">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Germany" title="Women in Germany">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Germany" title="Category:Society of Germany">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Germany" title="Crime in Germany">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Germany" title="Corruption in Germany">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Germany" title="Demographics of Germany">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_Germany" title="Drug policy of Germany">Drug policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Germany" title="Education in Germany">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Germany" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Germany">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Germany" title="Women in Germany">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Germany" title="Healthcare in Germany">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Germany" title="Homelessness in Germany">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Germany" title="Immigration to Germany">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Germany" title="Irreligion in Germany">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_life_expectancy" title="List of German states by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturism_in_Germany" title="Naturism in Germany">Naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_Germany" title="Pensions in Germany">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_in_Germany" title="Pornography in Germany">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Germany" title="Poverty in Germany">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Germany" title="Prostitution in Germany">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Germany" title="Religion in Germany">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_issues_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Social issues in Germany">Social issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Germany" title="Trade unions in Germany">Trade unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Germany" title="Culture of Germany">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deutschlandlied" title="Deutschlandlied">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Germany" title="Architecture of Germany">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_art" title="German art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arts_in_Germany" title="Category:Arts in Germany">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Germany" title="Cinema of Germany">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany" title="Coat of arms of Germany">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_cuisine" title="German cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li>Cultural icons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dance_in_Germany" title="Category:Dance in Germany">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_fashion" title="German fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_Germany" title="Category:Festivals in Germany">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_folklore" title="German folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Germany" title="Flag of Germany">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Germany" title="List of libraries in Germany">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_literature" title="German literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Germany" title="Internet in Germany">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Germany">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Germany" title="Music of Germany">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Germany" title="Names of Germany">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_philosophy" title="German philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_virtues" title="Prussian virtues">Prussian virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Germany" title="Sport in Germany">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Germany" title="Television in Germany">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Germany">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Germany" title="Outline of Germany">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Germany" title="Outline of Germany">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Germany" title="Bibliography of Germany">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Germany" title="Category:Germany">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Germany" title="Portal:Germany">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Antisemitism414" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Antisemitism_footer" title="Template:Antisemitism footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Antisemitism_footer" title="Template talk:Antisemitism footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Antisemitism_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Antisemitism footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Antisemitism414" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Core topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_trope" title="Antisemitic trope">Canards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_antisemitism" title="Economic antisemitism">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationist_antisemitism" title="Eliminationist antisemitism">Eliminationist antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_antisemitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of antisemitism">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_antisemitism" title="History of antisemitism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Religious antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution of Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_studies" title="Antisemitism studies">Antisemitism studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_the_Americas" title="Nazism in the Americas">Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Propaganda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New antisemitism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Ds_of_antisemitism" title="Three Ds of antisemitism">Three Ds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_definition_of_antisemitism" title="Working definition of antisemitism">Working definition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_antisemitism" title="Racial antisemitism">Racial antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rootless_cosmopolitan" title="Rootless cosmopolitan">Rootless cosmopolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_antisemitism" title="Secondary antisemitism">Secondary antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_Jews" title="Stereotypes of Jews">Stereotypes of Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_antisemitism" title="Timeline of antisemitism">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_antisemitism_in_the_19th_century" title="Timeline of antisemitism in the 19th century">19th <abbr title="Century">C.</abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_antisemitism_in_the_20th_century" title="Timeline of antisemitism in the 20th century">20th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_antisemitism_in_the_21st_century" title="Timeline of antisemitism in the 21st century">21st</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antisemitism and</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Christianity" title="Antisemitism in Christianity">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_and_the_New_Testament" title="Antisemitism and the New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Islam" title="Antisemitism in Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_antisemitism" title="Medieval antisemitism">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam_and_antisemitism" title="Nation of Islam and antisemitism">Nation of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Olympic_Games" title="Antisemitism in the Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Soviet_mathematics" title="Antisemitism in Soviet mathematics">Soviet mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universities_and_antisemitism" title="Universities and antisemitism">Universities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples#Racism_and_discrimination" title="Indigenous peoples">Anti-Indigenous sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Anti-Slavic sentiment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">Anti-Polish sentiment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Anti-Romani sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Marxism_conspiracy_theory" title="Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory">Cultural Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_genocide_theory" title="Double genocide theory">Double genocide theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Jewish_conspiracy" title="International Jewish conspiracy">International Jewish conspiracy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_International_Jew" title="The International Jew">The International Jew</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Bolshevism" title="Jewish Bolshevism">Jewish Bolshevism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBydokomuna" title="Żydokomuna">Żydokomuna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khazar_hypothesis_of_Ashkenazi_ancestry" title="Khazar hypothesis of Ashkenazi ancestry">Khazar theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf_in_Arabic" title="Mein Kampf in Arabic">in Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf_in_English" title="Mein Kampf in English">in English</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews_during_the_Black_Death" title="Persecution of Jews during the Black Death">Persecution of Jews during the Black Death</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Jews_and_Their_Lies" title="On the Jews and Their Lies">On the Jews and Their Lies</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosemitism" title="Philosemitism">Philosemitism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion" title="The Protocols of the Elders of Zion">The Protocols of the Elders of Zion</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_imprints_of_The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion" title="Contemporary imprints of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion">Contemporary imprints</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Relationship_Between_Blacks_and_Jews" title="The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews">The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-hating_Jew" title="Self-hating Jew">Self-hating Jew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaponization_of_antisemitism" title="Weaponization of antisemitism">Weaponization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_antisemitism" title="Zionist antisemitism">Zionist antisemitism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Religious antisemitism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Judaism" title="Anti-Judaism">Anti-Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_deicide" title="Jewish deicide">Jewish deicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Catholic Inquisition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Inquisition" title="Portuguese Inquisition">Portuguese Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Inquisition" title="Roman Inquisition">Roman Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhineland_massacres" title="Rhineland massacres">Rhineland massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_and_antisemitism" title="Martin Luther and antisemitism">Martin Luther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_curse" title="Blood curse">Blood curse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Host_desecration" title="Host desecration">Host desecration</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judensau" title="Judensau">Judensau</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Antisemitic laws, policies<br />and government actions</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_benches" title="Ghetto benches">Ghetto benches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hep-Hep_riots" title="Hep-Hep riots">Hep-Hep riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogroms_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Pogroms in the Russian Empire">Pogroms in the Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Laws" title="May Laws">May Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Polish_political_crisis" title="1968 Polish political crisis">1968 Polish political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Anti-Zionist_League" title="Jewish Anti-Zionist League">Jewish Anti-Zionist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Frank" title="Leo Frank">Leo Frank trial (US)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Poles_by_Germany" title="Expulsion of Poles by Germany">Expulsions of Poles and Jews by Germany (DE/PL)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_deportations" title="Prussian deportations">Prussian deportations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_5th_November" title="Act of 5th November">Act of 5th November</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generalplan_Ost" title="Generalplan Ost">Generalplan Ost</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreyfus_affair" title="Dreyfus affair">Dreyfus affair (FR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menahem_Mendel_Beilis" title="Menahem Mendel Beilis">Beilis trial (Russian Empire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farhud" title="Farhud">Farhud (Iraq)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionist_League_in_Iraq" title="Anti-Zionist League in Iraq">Anti-Zionist League (IQ)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Order_No._11_(1862)" title="General Order No. 11 (1862)">General Order No. 11 (US, 1862)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_policy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Racial policy of Nazi Germany">Racial policy of Nazi Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar_Plan" title="Madagascar Plan">Madagascar Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Solution" title="Final Solution">Final Solution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-cosmopolitan_campaign" title="Anti-cosmopolitan campaign">Anti-cosmopolitan campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Murdered_Poets" title="Night of the Murdered Poets">Night of the Murdered Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD_trial" title="Slánský trial">Slánský trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctors%27_plot" title="Doctors' plot">Doctors' plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_badge" title="Yellow badge">Yellow badge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Occupation_Government_conspiracy_theory" title="Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory">ZOG conspiracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antisemitism on the internet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Believers" title="Bible Believers">Bible Believers</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Historical_Review" title="Institute for Historical Review">Institute for Historical Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jew_Watch" title="Jew Watch">Jew Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapedia" title="Metapedia">Metapedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Cobb" title="Craig Cobb">Podblanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Islam" title="Radio Islam">Radio Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwatch" title="Redwatch">Redwatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(blog)" title="The Right Stuff (blog)"><i>The Right Stuff</i> (blog)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormfront_(website)" title="Stormfront (website)">Stormfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_and_antisemitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia and antisemitism">Wikipedia and antisemitism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhineland_massacres" title="Rhineland massacres">Rhineland massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews_during_the_Black_Death" title="Persecution of Jews during the Black Death">Black Death persecutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Jewish_boycotts" title="Anti-Jewish boycotts">Boycotts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsions_and_exoduses_of_Jews" title="Expulsions and exoduses of Jews">Expulsions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quarter_(diaspora)" title="Jewish quarter (diaspora)">Jewish quarter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ghettos_in_Europe" title="Jewish ghettos in Europe">Ghettos in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellah" title="Mellah">Mellah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_hat" title="Jewish hat">Jewish hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judensau" title="Judensau">Judensau</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrdom_in_Judaism" title="Martyrdom in Judaism">Martyrdom in Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_of_Settlement" title="Pale of Settlement">Pale of Settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogroms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusenik" title="Refusenik">Refuseniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">Segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Jews_from_Spain" title="Expulsion of Jews from Spain">Expulsion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_badge" title="Yellow badge">Yellow badge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Organizations working<br />against antisemitism</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League (ADL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Holocaust_Oral_History_Project" title="Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project">Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project (BAHOHP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Security_Trust" title="Community Security Trust">Community Security Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Media_Research_Institute" title="Middle East Media Research Institute">Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Wiesenthal_Center" title="Simon Wiesenthal Center">Simon Wiesenthal Center (SWC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Roth_Institute" title="Stephen Roth Institute">Stephen Roth Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Arab_world" title="Antisemitism in the Arab world">Arab world</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Antisemitism in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Argentina" title="Antisemitism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Australia" title="Antisemitism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Canada" title="Antisemitism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_China" title="Antisemitism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Chile" title="Antisemitism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Antisemitism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Europe" title="Antisemitism in Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_contemporary_Austria" title="Antisemitism in contemporary Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_contemporary_Belgium" title="Antisemitism in contemporary Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_France" title="Antisemitism in France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_21st-century_France" title="Antisemitism in 21st-century France">21st century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_21st-century_Germany" title="Antisemitism in 21st-century Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Greece" title="Antisemitism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_contemporary_Hungary" title="Antisemitism in contemporary Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_21st-century_Italy" title="Antisemitism in 21st-century Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_contemporary_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitism in contemporary Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Romania" title="Antisemitism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Russia" title="Antisemitism in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Antisemitism in the Russian Empire">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Antisemitism in the Soviet Union">Soviet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Spain" title="Antisemitism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Sweden" title="Antisemitism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Ukraine" title="Antisemitism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Antisemitism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_UK_Conservative_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitism in the UK Conservative Party">Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_British_Labour_Party" title="Antisemitism in the British Labour Party">Labour Party</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Japan" title="Antisemitism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Mexico" title="Antisemitism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_New_Zealand" title="Antisemitism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Racism in the State of Palestine">Palestinian Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Pakistan" title="Antisemitism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_South_Africa" title="Antisemitism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Turkey" title="Antisemitism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States" title="Antisemitism in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_antisemitism_in_the_United_States" title="History of antisemitism in the United States">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States_in_the_21st_century" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitism in the United States in the 21st century">21st century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Venezuela" title="Antisemitism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Racism459" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Racism_topics" title="Template:Racism topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Racism_topics" title="Template talk:Racism topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Racism_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Racism topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Racism459" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of racism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aversive_racism" title="Aversive racism">Aversive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone" title="Discrimination based on skin tone">Colorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covert_racism" title="Covert racism">Covert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_racism" title="Cultural racism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_on_the_Internet" title="Racism on the Internet">Cyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_racism" title="Environmental racism">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Formal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendered_racism" title="Gendered racism">Gendered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_racism" title="Institutional racism">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_racism" title="Internalized racism">Internalized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent_racism" title="Patent racism">Patent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire_racism" title="Laissez-faire racism">Laissez-faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_racism" title="Linguistic racism">Linguistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocolonial_racism" title="Neocolonial racism">Neocolonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_racism" title="Romantic racism">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societal_racism" title="Societal racism">Societal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substantive_equality" title="Substantive equality">Substantive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolic_racism" title="Symbolic racism">Symbolic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manifestations<br />of racism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-miscegenation_laws" title="Anti-miscegenation laws">Anti-miscegenation laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_determinism" title="Biological determinism">Biological determinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_nationality" title="Discrimination based on nationality">Discrimination based on nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_hatred" title="Ethnic hatred">Ethnic hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_joke" title="Ethnic joke">Ethnic jokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_slurs" title="List of ethnic slurs">Ethnic slurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_stereotype" title="Ethnic stereotype">Ethnic stereotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">Hate speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">Hate group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypodescent" title="Hypodescent">Hypodescent</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hyperdescent" title="Hyperdescent">Hyperdescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_capitalism" title="Racial capitalism">Racial capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racialization" title="Racialization">Racialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_hierarchy" title="Racial hierarchy">Racial hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_nationalism" title="Racial nationalism">Racial nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling" title="Racial profiling">Racial profiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Racism_by_country" title="Racism by country">Racism by region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_apartheid" title="Global apartheid">Global apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Africa" title="Racism in Africa">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_South_Africa" title="Racism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Zimbabwe" title="Racism in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Asia" title="Racism in Asia">Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_China" title="Racism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Japan" title="Racism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_North_Korea" title="Racism in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_South_Korea" title="Racism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Thailand" title="Racism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Vietnam" title="Racism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_Arab_world" title="Racism in the Arab world">Arab world</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Libya" title="Racism in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Sudan" title="Racism in Sudan">Sudan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Australia" title="Racism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Europe" title="Racism in Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Denmark" title="Racism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_France" title="Racism in France">France</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Italy" title="Racism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Poland" title="Racism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Portugal" title="Racism in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Russia" title="Racism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Racism in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Spain" title="Racism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Ukraine" title="Racism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Racism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_in_the_Middle_East" title="Xenophobia and racism in the Middle East">Middle East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Iran" title="Racism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Israel" title="Racism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Racism in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_discrimination_in_Turkey" title="Xenophobia and discrimination in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in North America">North America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Canada" title="Racism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Mexico" title="Racism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_South_America" title="Racism in South America">South America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Argentina" title="Racism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Brazil" title="Racism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Chile" title="Racism in Chile">Chile</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Racism by target</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arab_racism" title="Anti-Arab racism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Asians" title="Racism against Asians">Asians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment_in_the_United_States" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States">Chinese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment_in_Japan" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment in Japan">Zainichi Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment_in_the_United_States" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States">Japanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment_in_Korea" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea">Japanese Koreans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment_in_Japan" title="Anti-Korean sentiment in Japan">Zainichi Koreans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Vietnamese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Black_racism" title="Anti-Black racism">Black</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogynoir" title="Misogynoir">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Racism against Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States" title="Antisemitism in the United States">Jewish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Jewish_communities" title="Racism in Jewish communities">In Jewish communities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_LGBT_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in the LGBT community">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_sentiment" title="Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Muslim_communities" title="Racism in Muslim communities">Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_wine_industry" title="Racism in the wine industry">Wine industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">Racial supremacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-white_racism" title="Anti-white racism">White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">Ableism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">Casteism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_plastic_surgery" title="Ethnic plastic surgery">Ethnic plastic surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_back_to_where_you_came_from" title="Go back to where you came from">Go back to where you came from</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herrenvolk_democracy" title="Herrenvolk democracy">Herrenvolk democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interminority_racism_in_the_United_States" title="Interminority racism in the United States">Interminority racism in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Hispanic_and_Latino_American_communities" title="Racism in Hispanic and Latino American communities">Hispanics/Latinos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passing_(racial_identity)" title="Passing (racial identity)">Passing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_foreigner" title="Perpetual foreigner">Perpetual foreigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychometrics_of_racism" title="Psychometrics of racism">Psychometrics of racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_sexuality" title="Race and sexuality">Race and sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_card" title="Race card">Race card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_misrepresentation" title="Racial misrepresentation">Racial misrepresentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figleaf_(linguistics)" title="Figleaf (linguistics)">Racial figleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">Racial integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">Racial quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_sport" title="Racism in sport">Racism in sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_sport_in_Australia" title="Racism in sport in Australia">in Australia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_racism" title="Reverse racism">Reverse racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_race_and_ethnic_relations" title="Sociology of race and ethnic relations">Sociology of race and ethnic relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Racism" title="Category:Racism">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Racism" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Racism">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_racism-related_articles" title="Index of racism-related articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Racism_in_Europe121" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Racism_in_Europe121" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Europe" title="Racism in Europe">Racism in Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Albania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in Albania (page does not exist)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Belgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in Belgium (page does not exist)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Croatia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in Croatia (page does not exist)">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in Cyprus (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Denmark" title="Racism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Finland" title="Racism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_France" title="Racism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in Georgia (country) (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Iceland" title="Racism in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Italy" title="Racism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Latvia" title="Racism in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Lithuania" title="Racism in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in Luxembourg (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Malta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in Malta (page does not exist)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in Moldova (page does not exist)">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_North_Macedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in North Macedonia (page does not exist)">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Norway" title="Racism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Poland" title="Racism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Portugal" title="Racism in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Romania" title="Racism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Russia" title="Racism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Spain" title="Racism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Sweden" title="Racism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Ukraine" title="Racism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Racism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in Kosovo (page does not exist)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_the_Faroe_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in the Faroe Islands (page does not exist)">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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