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<li id="toc-1957–1993" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1957–1993"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1957–1993</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1957–1993-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1993–2009:_Pillar_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1993–2009:_Pillar_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1993–2009: Pillar system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1993–2009:_Pillar_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2009–present:_Consolidation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2009–present:_Consolidation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>2009–present: Consolidation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2009–present:_Consolidation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Objectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Objectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Objectives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Objectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Elements</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Elements-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Elements subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Elements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Types_of_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Types of policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_of_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High_Representative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_Representative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>High Representative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_Representative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bodies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bodies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Bodies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bodies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defence_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defence_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Defence policy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Defence_policy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Defence policy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Defence_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Neutrality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neutrality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Neutrality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neutrality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stopping_humanitarian_atrocities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stopping_humanitarian_atrocities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Stopping humanitarian atrocities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stopping_humanitarian_atrocities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Peace_Facility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Peace_Facility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>European Peace Facility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Peace_Facility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Counterterrorism_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Counterterrorism_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Counterterrorism policy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Counterterrorism_policy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Counterterrorism policy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Counterterrorism_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_terrorist_organisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_terrorist_organisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>List of terrorist organisations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_terrorist_organisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outside_the_CFSP" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outside_the_CFSP"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Outside the CFSP</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Outside_the_CFSP-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Outside the CFSP subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Outside_the_CFSP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Humanitarian_aid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Humanitarian_aid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Humanitarian aid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Humanitarian_aid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Common Foreign and Security Policy</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="السياسة الخارجية والأمنية المشتركة للاتحاد الأوروبي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="السياسة الخارجية والأمنية المشتركة للاتحاد الأوروبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Обща външна политика и политика на сигурност – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Обща външна политика и политика на сигурност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica_Exterior_i_de_Seguretat_Comuna" title="Política Exterior i de Seguretat Comuna – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Política Exterior i de Seguretat Comuna" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spole%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_zahrani%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_a_bezpe%C4%8Dnostn%C3%AD_politika" title="Společná zahraniční a bezpečnostní politika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Společná zahraniční a bezpečnostní politika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A6lles_udenrigs-_og_sikkerhedspolitik" title="Fælles udenrigs- og sikkerhedspolitik – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fælles udenrigs- og sikkerhedspolitik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Au%C3%9Fen-_und_Sicherheitspolitik" title="Gemeinsame Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gemeinsame Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroopa_Liidu_%C3%BChine_v%C3%A4lis-_ja_julgeolekupoliitika" title="Euroopa Liidu ühine välis- ja julgeolekupoliitika – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Euroopa Liidu ühine välis- ja julgeolekupoliitika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CE%B5%CE%BE%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%86%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Κοινή εξωτερική πολιτική και πολιτική ασφάλειας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοινή εξωτερική πολιτική και πολιτική ασφάλειας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica_Exterior_y_de_Seguridad_Com%C3%BAn" title="Política Exterior y de Seguridad Común – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Política Exterior y de Seguridad Común" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komuna_ekstera_kaj_sekureca_politiko_de_la_E%C5%ADropa_Unio" title="Komuna ekstera kaj sekureca politiko de la Eŭropa Unio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Komuna ekstera kaj sekureca politiko de la Eŭropa Unio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atzerri_eta_Segurtasun_Politika_Erkidea" title="Atzerri eta Segurtasun Politika Erkidea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Atzerri eta Segurtasun Politika Erkidea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="سیاست خارجی اتحادیه اروپا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیاست خارجی اتحادیه اروپا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politique_%C3%A9trang%C3%A8re_et_de_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_commune" title="Politique étrangère et de sécurité commune – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Politique étrangère et de sécurité commune" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mienskiplik_B%C3%BBtenl%C3%A2nsk_en_Feiligensbelied" title="Mienskiplik Bûtenlânsk en Feiligensbelied – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mienskiplik Bûtenlânsk en Feiligensbelied" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EB%8F%99_%EC%99%B8%EA%B5%90_%EC%95%88%EB%B3%B4_%EC%A0%95%EC%B1%85" title="공동 외교 안보 정책 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="공동 외교 안보 정책" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zajedni%C4%8Dka_vanjska_i_sigurnosna_politika" title="Zajednička vanjska i sigurnosna politika – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zajednička vanjska i sigurnosna politika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politiko_Exterlandal_e_Sekureso_Komuna" title="Politiko Exterlandal e Sekureso Komuna – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Politiko Exterlandal e Sekureso Komuna" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebijakan_Luar_Negeri_dan_Keamanan_Bersama" title="Kebijakan Luar Negeri dan Keamanan Bersama – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kebijakan Luar Negeri dan Keamanan Bersama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politica_estera_e_di_sicurezza_comune" title="Politica estera e di sicurezza comune – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Politica estera e di sicurezza comune" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A5_%D7%95%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%98%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99" title="מדיניות החוץ והביטחון המשותפת של האיחוד האירופי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מדיניות החוץ והביטחון המשותפת של האיחוד האירופי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendra_u%C5%BEsienio_ir_saugumo_politika" title="Bendra užsienio ir saugumo politika – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bendra užsienio ir saugumo politika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsjappelek_boeteland-_en_veilegheidpolletiek" title="Gemeinsjappelek boeteland- en veilegheidpolletiek – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Gemeinsjappelek boeteland- en veilegheidpolletiek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8ja" title="Заедничка надворешна и безбедносна политика на Европската Униja – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Заедничка надворешна и безбедносна политика на Европската Униja" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeenschappelijk_buitenlands_en_veiligheidsbeleid" title="Gemeenschappelijk buitenlands en veiligheidsbeleid – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gemeenschappelijk buitenlands en veiligheidsbeleid" 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Güvenlik Politikası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ortak Dışişleri ve Güvenlik Politikası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Спільна зовнішня та безпекова політика – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Спільна зовнішня та безпекова політика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" 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For the relations between the European Union and third countries, see <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Foreign relations of the European Union">Foreign relations of the European Union</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Category:Politics of the European Union">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Politics of the European Union">Politics of the European Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/125px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/188px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/250px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">Member states</a> (27)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div><ul><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">Candidate countries</a></b></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Albania to the European Union">Albania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Georgia–European Union relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Moldova_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Moldova to the European Union">Moldova</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Montenegro_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Montenegro to the European Union">Montenegro</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_North_Macedonia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Serbia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Serbia to the European Union">Serbia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Ukraine</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">Countries with suspended accession negotiations</a></b></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Turkey to the European Union">Turkey</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">Applicant countries</a></b></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Kosovo_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Kosovo to the European Union">Kosovo</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_territories_of_states_participating_in_the_European_integration" class="mw-redirect" title="Special territories of states participating in the European integration">Special territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Belgium–Germany relations">Belgium–Germany relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="France–Germany relations">France–Germany relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Germany–Netherlands relations">Germany–Netherlands relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_three" title="EU three">EU 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Withdrawal from the European Union</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaties of the European Union">Treaties and Declarations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schuman_Declaration" title="Schuman Declaration">Schuman Declaration</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1951)" title="Treaty of Paris (1951)">Treaty of Paris</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_Declaration" title="Europe Declaration">Europe Declaration</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaak_Report" title="Spaak Report">Spaak Report</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome" title="Treaty of Rome">Treaty of Rome</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euratom_Treaty" title="Euratom Treaty">Euratom Treaty</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merger_Treaty" title="Merger Treaty">Merger Treaty</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_Declaration_on_European_Union" title="Solemn Declaration on European Union">Solemn Declaration</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_European_Act" title="Single European Act">Single European Act</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht Treaty</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amsterdam" title="Treaty of Amsterdam">Treaty of Amsterdam</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nice" title="Treaty of Nice">Treaty of Nice</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Declaration_(2007)" title="Berlin Declaration (2007)">Berlin Declaration</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a> (2007) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Article_7_of_the_Treaty_on_European_Union" title="Article 7 of the Treaty on European Union">Article 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Article 50</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Opt-outs_in_the_European_Union" title="Opt-outs in the European Union">Opt-outs</a></div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Treaties of accession</b></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_1972" title="Treaty of Accession 1972">1972</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_1979" title="Treaty of Accession 1979">1979</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_1985" title="Treaty of Accession 1985">1985</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_1994" title="Treaty of Accession 1994">1994</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_2003" title="Treaty of Accession 2003">2003</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_2005" title="Treaty of Accession 2005">2005</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_2011" title="Treaty of Accession 2011">2011</a></div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Treaties of succession</b></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Greenland_from_the_European_Communities" title="Withdrawal of Greenland from the European Communities">1984</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brexit_withdrawal_agreement" title="Brexit withdrawal agreement">2020</a></div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Other treaties</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Agreement" title="Schengen Agreement">Schengen Agreement</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area Agreement</a> (1992)</li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Abandoned treaties and agreements</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_establishing_a_Constitution_for_Europe" title="Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe">European Constitution</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_United_Kingdom_renegotiation_of_European_Union_membership" title="2015–2016 United Kingdom renegotiation of European Union membership">UK membership renegotiation</a> (2015–2016)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Executive institutions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Council" title="President of the European Council">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Michel</a> (ALDE) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Council#Political_parties" title="European Council">Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Council_meetings" title="List of European Council meetings">List of meetings</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Von_der_Leyen_Commission" title="Von der Leyen Commission">Von der Leyen Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Von der Leyen</a> (EPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Commission" title="Vice-President of the European Commission">Vice Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner">College of Commissioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Civil_Service" title="European Civil Service">Civil Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_European_Commission" title="Secretary-General of the European Commission">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ilze_Juhansone" title="Ilze Juhansone"> Juhansone</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_legislative_procedure" title="European Union legislative procedure">Legislative institutions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_legislative_procedure" title="European Union legislative procedure">Legislative procedure</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the EU</a></b><br /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Presidency of the Council of the European Union">Presidency</a></b></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/2024_Hungarian_Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="2024 Hungarian Presidency of the Council of the European Union"><b>Hungary</b></a></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">(<a href="/wiki/2024_Hungarian_Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="2024 Hungarian Presidency of the Council of the European Union">July–December 2024</a>) </div></div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Configurations</b></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Affairs_Council" title="General Affairs Council">GAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Council" title="Foreign Affairs Council">FAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Financial_Affairs_Council" title="Economic and Financial Affairs Council">ECOFIN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurogroup" title="Eurogroup">Eurogroup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_and_Fisheries_Council" title="Agriculture and Fisheries Council">AGRIFISH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment,_Social_Policy,_Health_and_Consumer_Affairs_Council" title="Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs Council">EPSCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competitiveness_Council_(COMPET)" title="Competitiveness Council (COMPET)">COMPET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport,_Telecommunications_and_Energy_Council" title="Transport, Telecommunications and Energy Council">TTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_Council" title="Environment Council">ENVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Home_Affairs_Council" title="Justice and Home Affairs Council">JHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education,_Youth,_Culture_and_Sport_Council" title="Education, Youth, Culture and Sport Council">EYC</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voting_in_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Voting in the Council of the European Union">Voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretariat_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union">Secretariat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Secretary-General of the Council of the European Union">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Blanchet" title="Thérèse Blanchet">Thérèse Blanchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_directorates-general_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of directorates-general of the Council of the European Union">Directorates-general</a></li></ul></li> <li>Council preparatory bodies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Permanent_Representatives" title="Committee of Permanent Representatives">COREPER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_Working_Party" title="Council Working Party">Council Working Parties</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_(2024%E2%80%932029)" title="List of members of the European Parliament (2024–2029)">Members</a>)</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="President of the European Parliament">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Metsola" title="Roberta Metsola">Metsola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">Largest groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_group" class="mw-redirect" title="European People's Party group">EPP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manfred_Weber" title="Manfred Weber">Manfred Weber</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">S&D</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iratxe_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Iratxe García">Iratxe García</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_European_Parliament" title="Tenth European Parliament">10th session</a> (2024–2029)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Bureau of the European Parliament">Bureau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Vice-President of the European Parliament">Vice Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaestor_(European_Parliament)" title="Quaestor (European Parliament)">Quaestor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Presidents_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Conference of Presidents of the European Parliament">Conference</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/National_parliaments_of_the_European_Union" title="National parliaments of the European Union">National parliaments</a></b></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Judicial institutions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_European_Union" title="Court of Justice of the European Union">Court of Justice of the EU</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">European Court of Justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Court_of_Justice" title="List of members of the European Court of Justice">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advocate_General_(European_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Advocate General (European Union)">Advocates General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Court_of_Justice_rulings" title="List of European Court of Justice rulings">Rulings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Court_(European_Union)" title="General Court (European Union)">General Court</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Auditory institutions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Auditors" title="European Court of Auditors">European Court of Auditors</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Auditors" title="European Court of Auditors">European Court of Auditors</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Other auditory bodies</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Audit_Service_(European_Commission)" title="Internal Audit Service (European Commission)">Internal Audit Service of the Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_Committee_on_Budgetary_Control" title="European Parliament Committee on Budgetary Control"> Committee on Budgetary Control of the Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Financial_Affairs_Council" title="Economic and Financial Affairs Council">Economic and Financial Affairs configuration of the Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Anti-Fraud_Office" title="European Anti-Fraud Office">Anti-Fraud Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Public_Prosecutor%27s_Office" title="European Public Prosecutor's Office">Public Prosecutor's Office</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Central_Bank" title="President of the European Central Bank">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Christine_Lagarde" title="Christine Lagarde">Lagarde</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_System_of_Central_Banks" title="European System of Central Banks">ESCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Union_of_the_European_Union" title="Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union">EMU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_banknotes" title="Euro banknotes">Euro banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_coins" title="Euro coins">Euro coins</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Other bodies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>European Investment Bank Group</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Bank" title="European Investment Bank">Investment Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Fund" title="European Investment Fund">Investment Fund</a></li> <li>EIB Institute</li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>European Stability Mechanism</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Stability_Mechanism" title="European Stability Mechanism">European Stability Mechanism</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>European University Institute</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_University_Institute" title="European University Institute">European University Institute</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Unified Patent Court</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Patent_Court" title="Unified Patent Court">Unified Patent Court</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Agencies,_decentralised_independent_bodies_and_joint_undertakings_of_the_European_Union_and_the_Euratom" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and the Euratom">Agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings</a></b></div> <ul><li>Decentralised agencies of the EU <ul><li>Single market agencies</li> <li>CFSP agencies</li> <li>AFSC agencies</li> <li>ESFS <a href="/wiki/European_Supervisory_Authorities" class="mw-redirect" title="European Supervisory Authorities">European Supervisory Authorities</a></li> <li>SRM bodies</li></ul></li> <li>Executive agencies of the EU</li> <li>Euratom agencies</li> <li>Decentralised independent bodies of the EU <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Institute_of_Innovation_and_Technology" title="European Institute of Innovation and Technology">European Institute of Innovation and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Public_Prosecutor%27s_Office" title="European Public Prosecutor's Office">European Public Prosecutor's Office</a></li></ul></li> <li>Corporate bodies of the EU <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Data_Protection_Board" title="European Data Protection Board">European Data Protection Board</a></li> <li>Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations</li></ul></li> <li>Joint undertakings <ul><li>of the EU</li> <li>of the Euratom</li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Other independent bodies</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Data_Protection_Supervisor" title="European Data Protection Supervisor">European Data Protection Supervisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Ombudsman" title="European Ombudsman">European Ombudsman</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Advisory_bodies_to_the_European_Union" title="Advisory bodies to the European Union">Advisory bodies</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Committee_of_the_Regions" title="European Committee of the Regions">European Committee of the Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_and_Social_Committee" title="European Economic and Social Committee">European Economic and Social Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_and_Security_Committee" title="Political and Security Committee">Political and Security Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Committee" title="European Union Military Committee">European Union Military Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Space_Programme#EU/ESA_Space_Council" title="European Union Space Programme">EU/ESA Space Council</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Inter-institutional bodies</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Publications_Office_of_the_European_Union" title="Publications Office of the European Union">Publications Office of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_External_Action_Service" title="European External Action Service">European External Action Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Personnel_Selection_Office" title="European Personnel Selection Office">European Personnel Selection Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Anti-Fraud_Office" title="European Anti-Fraud Office">Anti-Fraud Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Administrative_School" class="mw-redirect" title="European Administrative School">European Administrative School</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/European_Atomic_Energy_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Atomic Energy Community">Euratom</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Euratom members</b></div> <div><ul><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Associated states</b></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_the_European_Union" title="Nuclear power in the European Union">Nuclear power in the European Union</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Euratom.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Euratom since 1 January 2021"><img alt="Euratom since 1 January 2021" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Euratom.svg/200px-Euratom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Euratom.svg/300px-Euratom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Euratom.svg/400px-Euratom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>Euratom since 1 January 2021</figcaption></figure></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Union_of_the_European_Union" title="Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union">Economic and Monetary Union</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone members</a></b></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Eurogroup" title="Eurogroup">Eurogroup</a></b></div> <ul><li><b>President</b> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Paschal_Donohoe" title="Paschal Donohoe">Paschal Donohoe</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Currencies_of_the_European_Union" title="Currencies of the European Union">Other currencies in use</a></b></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_lev" title="Bulgarian lev">Bulgarian lev</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Czech_koruna" title="Czech koruna">Czech koruna</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Danish_krone" title="Danish krone">Danish krone</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_forint" title="Hungarian forint">Hungarian forint</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Polish_z%C5%82oty" title="Polish złoty">Polish złoty</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romanian_leu" title="Romanian leu">Romanian leu</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Swedish_krona" title="Swedish krona">Swedish krona</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Exchange_Rate_Mechanism" title="European Exchange Rate Mechanism">ERM II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_eurozone" title="Enlargement of the eurozone">Enlargement of the eurozone</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Non Euro countries relationship to Euro</b></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_and_the_euro" title="Bulgaria and the euro">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic_and_the_euro" title="Czech Republic and the euro">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_and_the_euro" title="Denmark and the euro">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_and_the_euro" title="Hungary and the euro">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland_and_the_euro" title="Poland and the euro">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_and_the_euro" title="Sweden and the euro">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_and_the_euro" title="Romania and the euro">Romania</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurozone.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eurozone since 2015"><img alt="Eurozone since 2015" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Eurozone.svg/200px-Eurozone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Eurozone.svg/300px-Eurozone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Eurozone.svg/400px-Eurozone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption>Eurozone since 2015</figcaption></figure></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Non-EU members</b></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BCm_Convention" title="Prüm Convention">Prüm Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Information_System" title="Schengen Information System">Schengen Information System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_Information_System" title="Visa Information System">Visa Information System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_Schengen_Area" title="Visa policy of the Schengen Area">Visa policy of the Schengen Area</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Non-Schengen area EU member states</b></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> (Opt-out)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Schengen Area from January 2023"><img alt="Schengen Area from January 2023" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg/200px-Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg/300px-Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg/400px-Map_of_the_Schengen_Area.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>Schengen Area from January 2023</figcaption></figure></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>EEA members</b></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> (provisional member)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Non-EU members</b></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Topics</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EEA_Joint_Committee" title="EEA Joint Committee">EEA Joint Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_identity_cards_in_the_European_Economic_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="National identity cards in the European Economic Area">EEA National Identity cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microstates_and_the_European_Union" title="Microstates and the European Union">Microstates and the European Union</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EEA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="European Economic Area"><img alt="European Economic Area" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/EEA.svg/200px-EEA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/EEA.svg/300px-EEA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/EEA.svg/400px-EEA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>European Economic Area</figcaption></figure></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_to_the_European_Parliament" title="Elections to the European Parliament">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_to_the_European_Parliament" title="Elections to the European Parliament">Elections to the European Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_political_foundation" title="European political foundation">European foundations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">Political groups of the European Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzenkandidat" title="Spitzenkandidat">Spitzenkandidat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituency" title="European Parliament constituency">Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apportionment_in_the_European_Parliament" title="Apportionment in the European Parliament">Apportionment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_related_to_the_European_Union" title="Referendums related to the European Union">Referendums related to the EU</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>European elections</b></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election" title="1979 European Parliament election">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election" title="1984 European Parliament election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election" title="1989 European Parliament election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election" title="1994 European Parliament election">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election" title="1999 European Parliament election">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election" title="2004 European Parliament election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election" title="2009 European Parliament election">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election" title="2014 European Parliament election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election" title="2019 European Parliament election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election" title="2024 European Parliament election">2024 (latest election)</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Elections in EU member states</b></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Austria" title="Elections in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Belgium" title="Elections in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bulgaria" title="Elections in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Croatia" title="Elections in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Cyprus" title="Elections in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Elections in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Denmark" title="Elections in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Estonia" title="Elections in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Finland" title="Elections in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_France" title="Elections in France">France</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Germany" title="Elections in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Greece" title="Elections in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hungary" title="Elections in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Elections in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Italy" title="Elections in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Latvia" title="Elections in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Lithuania" title="Elections in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Luxembourg" title="Elections in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malta" title="Elections in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Netherlands" title="Elections in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Poland" title="Elections in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Portugal" title="Elections in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Romania" title="Elections in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Slovakia" title="Elections in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Slovenia" title="Elections in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Spain" title="Elections in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Sweden" title="Elections in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_law" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union law">Law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acquis_communautaire" title="Acquis communautaire">Acquis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primacy_of_European_Union_law" title="Primacy of European Union law">Primacy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Costa_v_ENEL" title="Costa v ENEL">ECJ Case 6/64</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity_(European_Union)" title="Subsidiarity (European Union)">Subsidiarity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_(European_Union)" title="Regulation (European Union)">Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directive_(European_Union)" title="Directive (European Union)">Directive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decision_(European_Union)" title="Decision (European Union)">Decision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recommendation_(European_Union)" title="Recommendation (European Union)">Recommendation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_Fundamental_Rights_of_the_European_Union" title="Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union">Fundamental Rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Policies and issues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_European_Union" title="Budget of the European Union">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">Customs Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_free_trade_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union free trade agreements">Free Trade Agreements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Single_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="European Single Market">European Single Market</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Area_of_freedom,_security_and_justice" title="Area of freedom, security and justice">Area of FS&J</a></li></ul></li> <li>Policies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Agricultural_Policy" title="Common Agricultural Policy">Agricultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Energy policy of the European Union">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Fisheries_Policy" title="Common Fisheries Policy">Fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Regional policy of the European Union">Regional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of the European Union">Citizenship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passports_of_the_European_Union" title="Passports of the European Union">Passports of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_identity" title="Pan-European identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Europeanism" title="Pro-Europeanism">Pro-Europeanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_banking_union" title="European banking union">European banking union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Banking_Supervision" title="European Banking Supervision">European Banking Supervision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_Resolution_Mechanism" title="Single Resolution Mechanism">Single Resolution Mechanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_Markets_Union" title="Capital Markets Union">Capital Markets Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_System_of_Financial_Supervision" title="European System of Financial Supervision">European System of Financial Supervision</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">Integration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supranational_union" title="Supranational union">Supranationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="European Federation">European Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-speed_Europe" title="Multi-speed Europe">Multi-speed Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_cooperation" title="Enhanced cooperation">Enhanced cooperation</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Foreign relations of the European Union">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Josep Borrell</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_External_Action_Service" title="European External Action Service">Ext. Action Service</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Foreign Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Defence Policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Foreign relations of EU member states</b></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Austria" title="Foreign relations of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Belgium" title="Foreign relations of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bulgaria" title="Foreign relations of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Croatia" title="Foreign relations of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cyprus" title="Foreign relations of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Foreign relations of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Denmark" title="Foreign relations of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Estonia" title="Foreign relations of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Finland" title="Foreign relations of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_France" title="Foreign relations of France">France</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Germany" title="Foreign relations of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Greece" title="Foreign relations of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hungary" title="Foreign relations of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ireland" title="Foreign relations of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Italy" title="Foreign relations of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Latvia" title="Foreign relations of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Lithuania" title="Foreign relations of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Luxembourg" title="Foreign relations of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Malta" title="Foreign relations of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Netherlands" title="Foreign relations of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Poland" title="Foreign relations of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Portugal" title="Foreign relations of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Romania" title="Foreign relations of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Slovakia" title="Foreign relations of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Slovenia" title="Foreign relations of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Spain" title="Foreign relations of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Sweden" title="Foreign relations of Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Argentina–European Union relations">Argentina–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Armenia–European Union relations">Armenia–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Australia–European Union relations">Australia–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Brazil–European Union relations">Brazil–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Canada–European Union relations">Canada–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="China–European Union relations">China–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="European Union–NATO relations">European Union–NATO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Georgia–European Union relations">Georgia–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Iceland–European Union relations">Iceland–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Kazakhstan–European Union relations">Kazakhstan–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Japan–European Union relations">Japan–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Mexico–European Union relations">Mexico–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Moldova–European Union relations">Moldova–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Norway–European Union relations">Norway–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Russia–European Union relations">Russia–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Switzerland–European Union relations">Switzerland–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="European Union–Turkey relations">Turkey–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Ukraine–European Union relations">Ukraine–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="United Kingdom–European Union relations">United Kingdom–European Union relations</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_membership_of_the_European_Union" title="United Kingdom membership of the European Union">History</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Brexit_United_Kingdom_relations_with_the_European_Union" title="Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union">Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States–European Union relations">United States–European Union relations</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Travel_Area" title="Common Travel Area">Common Travel Area</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microstates_and_the_European_Union" title="Microstates and the European Union">Microstates and the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_and_the_United_Nations" title="European Union and the United Nations">European Union and the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Association_Agreement" title="European Union Association Agreement">European Union Association Agreement</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Seven" class="mw-redirect" title="Group of Seven">G7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Defunct bodies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top: 0; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Communities" title="European Communities">European Communities</a> (1958–1993) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/European_Coal_and_Steel_Community" title="European Coal and Steel Community">European Coal and Steel Community</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Community">European Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_European_Union" title="Western European Union">Western European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Future_of_Europe" title="Convention on the Future of Europe">Convention on the Future of Europe</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/48px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/64px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Template:Politics of the European Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Template talk:Politics of the European Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of the European Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Common Foreign and Security Policy</b> (<b>CFSP</b>) is the organised, agreed <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy" title="Foreign policy">foreign policy</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU) for mainly security and <a href="/wiki/Defence_diplomacy" title="Defence diplomacy">defence diplomacy</a> and actions. CFSP deals only with a specific part of the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Foreign relations of the European Union">EU's external relations</a>, which domains include mainly <a href="/wiki/Commercial_policy" title="Commercial policy">Trade and Commercial Policy</a> and other areas such as <a href="/wiki/EuropeAid_Development_and_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="EuropeAid Development and Cooperation">funding</a> to third countries, etc. Decisions require unanimity among <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">member states</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Union</a>, but once agreed, certain aspects can be further decided by <a href="/wiki/Voting_in_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Voting in the Council of the European Union">qualified majority voting</a>. Foreign policy is chaired and represented by the EU's <a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative</a>, currently <a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Josep Borrell</a>. </p><p>The CFSP sees the <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organisation</a> (NATO) as responsible for the territorial defence of Europe and reconciliation. However, since 1999, the European Union is responsible for implementing missions such as peacekeeping and policing of treaties. A phrase often used to describe the relationship between the EU forces and NATO is "separable, but not separate".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same forces and capabilities form the basis of both EU and NATO efforts, but portions can be allocated to the European Union if necessary. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union" title="History of the European Union">History of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="History of the Common Security and Defence Policy">History of the Common Security and Defence Policy</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Common Foreign and<br />Security Policy</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Three_pillars_of_the_European_Union" title="Three pillars of the European Union">Pillar of the European Union</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data center"><figure class="mw-default-size noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Pillars_of_the_European_Union.svg/255px-Pillars_of_the_European_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="255" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Pillars_of_the_European_Union.svg/383px-Pillars_of_the_European_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Pillars_of_the_European_Union.svg/510px-Pillars_of_the_European_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="280" usemap="#ImageMap_7deb94281a407d50" resource="/wiki/File:Pillars_of_the_European_Union.svg" /></span><map name="ImageMap_7deb94281a407d50"><area href="/wiki/European_Union" shape="rect" coords="3,1,176,20" alt="European Union" title="European Union" /><area href="/wiki/European_Communities" shape="rect" coords="3,41,54,170" alt="European Communities" title="European Communities" /><area href="/wiki/Police_and_Judicial_Co-operation_in_Criminal_Matters" shape="rect" coords="126,42,176,170" alt="Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters" title="Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">The three pillars constituting the European Union (clickable)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data center"><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="European Political Cooperation">EPC ←</a> 1993–2009 <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">→ EU</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1957–1993"><span id="1957.E2.80.931993"></span>1957–1993</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1957–1993"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Co-operation in international trade negotiations, under the <a href="/wiki/EU%27s_Common_Commercial_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="EU's Common Commercial Policy">EU's Common Commercial Policy</a>, dates back to the establishment of the community in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CFSP itself has its origins in the formation of <a href="/wiki/European_Political_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="European Political Cooperation">European Political Co-operation</a> (EPC) in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-EPC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> European Political Co-operation was an informal consultation process between member states on foreign policy matters, with the aim of creating a common approach to foreign policy issues and promoting both the EC's own interests and those of the <a href="/wiki/International_community" title="International community">international community</a> as a whole. This includes promoting international co-operation, respect for human rights, democracy, and the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">rule of law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1993–2009:_Pillar_system"><span id="1993.E2.80.932009:_Pillar_system"></span>1993–2009: Pillar system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1993–2009: Pillar system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The weaknesses evident in EPC, apparent, for example during the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav wars">Yugoslav wars</a>, led to a desire to strengthen foreign policy. That was consolidated in the <a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht Treaty</a>, which entered into force in 1993 and established the European Union. While the previously existing <a href="/wiki/Supranational_union" title="Supranational union">supranational</a> <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a> became one of <a href="/wiki/Three_pillars_of_the_European_Union" title="Three pillars of the European Union">three pillars</a>, two more pillars were erected. The second CFSP-pillar was based on <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmentalism" title="Intergovernmentalism">intergovernmentalism</a>, which meant unanimity between members in the Council of Ministers and little influence by the other institutions. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Amsterdam Treaty">Amsterdam Treaty</a> created the office of the <a href="/wiki/High_Representative_for_the_Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy">High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy</a> (held by <a href="/wiki/Javier_Solana" title="Javier Solana">Javier Solana</a> until 1 December 2009) to co-ordinate and represent the EU's foreign policy.<sup id="cite_ref-Europa_CFSP_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Europa_CFSP-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2009–present:_Consolidation"><span id="2009.E2.80.93present:_Consolidation"></span>2009–present: Consolidation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2009–present: Consolidation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a> took effect in December 2009 and brought an end to the pillar system. The CFSP's status of being a "pillar" thus ended. Furthermore, in an effort to ensure greater co-ordination and consistency in EU foreign policy, the Treaty of Lisbon created a <i>High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy</i>, de facto merging the post of <a href="/wiki/High_Representative_for_the_Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy">High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_External_Relations_and_European_Neighbourhood_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for External Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy">European Commissioner for External Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy</a>. Since December 2011 the High Representative (HR) is in charge of the <a href="/wiki/European_External_Action_Service" title="European External Action Service">European External Action Service</a> (EEAS), which was also created by the Treaty of Lisbon. It essentially is intended to be a common Foreign Office or Diplomatic Corps for the European Union. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Objectives">Objectives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Objectives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Article J.1 of title V of the Maastricht Treaty, the European Union defines and implements a common foreign and security policy that covers all areas of foreign and security policy, the objectives of which are to: </p> <ul><li>Safeguard the common values, fundamental interests, independence and integrity of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">Union</a> in conformity with the principles of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Charter">United Nations Charter</a>;</li> <li>Strengthen the security of the Union in all ways;</li> <li>Preserve peace and strengthen international security, in accordance with the principles of the United Nations Charter, as well as the principles of the <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Final_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki Final Act">Helsinki Final Act</a> and the objectives of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Charter" title="Paris Charter">Paris Charter</a>, including those on external borders;</li> <li>Promote international co-operation;</li> <li>Develop and consolidate democracy and the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">rule of law</a>, and respect for human rights and fundamental <a href="/wiki/Freedom_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom (political)">freedoms</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elements">Elements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Elements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Types_of_policy">Types of policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Types of policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> defines the principles and general guidelines for the CFSP as well as common strategies to be implemented by the EU. On the basis of those guidelines the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of Ministers</a> adopts <i>joint actions</i> or <i>common positions</i>. <i>Joint actions</i> address specific situations where operation action by the EU is considered necessary and lay down the objectives, scope and means to be made available to the EU. They commit the member states. <i>Common positions</i> on the other hand, define the approach that the EU takes on a certain matter of geographical or thematic nature, and define in the abstract the general guidelines to which the national policies of Member states must conform. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_Representative">High Representative</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: High Representative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative</a>, in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Council" title="President of the European Council">President of the European Council</a>, speaks on behalf of the EU in agreed foreign policy matters and can have the task of articulating ambiguous policy positions created by disagreements among member states. The Common Foreign and Security Policy requires unanimity among the 27 member states on the appropriate policy to follow on any particular policy. Disagreements in CFSP, such as those that occurred over the war in Iraq,<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Iraq_statement_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Iraq_statement-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are not uncommon. </p><p>The High Representative also coordinates the work of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Special_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union Special Representatives">European Union Special Representatives</a>. With the Lisbon Treaty taking effect, the position became distinct from the <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-General">Secretary-General</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of Ministers</a>. The High Representative serves as the head of the <a href="/wiki/European_Defence_Agency" title="European Defence Agency">European Defence Agency</a> and exercises the same functions over the <a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Common Security and Defence Policy</a> as the CFSP. On 1 December 2009, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton">Catherine Ashton</a> took over <a href="/wiki/Javier_Solana" title="Javier Solana">Javier Solana</a>'s post as the High Representative, who has held the post since 1999. On 30 August 2014 it was announced by <a href="/wiki/Herman_Van_Rompuy" title="Herman Van Rompuy">Herman Van Rompuy</a> that <a href="/wiki/Federica_Mogherini" title="Federica Mogherini">Federica Mogherini</a> would be the new High Representative, effective on 1 November 2014. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bodies">Bodies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bodies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are a number of bodies set up within the context of the CFSP. Within the council, there is the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Council" title="Foreign Affairs Council">Foreign Affairs Council</a> (FAC) configuration, essentially a meeting of <a href="/wiki/Foreign_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign minister">foreign ministers</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Political_and_Security_Committee" title="Political and Security Committee">Political and Security Committee</a> or PSC, which monitors the international situation in the areas covered by the CFSP and contributes by delivering opinions to the Council of Ministers, either at its request or its own initiative, and also monitors the implementation of agreed policies.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/European_Defence_Agency" title="European Defence Agency">European Defence Agency</a> (EDA) encourages increase in defence capabilities, military research and the establishment of a European internal market for military technology. Two bodies carried over from the <a href="/wiki/Western_European_Union" title="Western European Union">Western European Union</a> (see defence, below) are the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Institute_for_Security_Studies" title="European Union Institute for Security Studies">European Union Institute for Security Studies</a> (EUISS) and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Satellite_Centre" title="European Union Satellite Centre">European Union Satellite Centre</a> (EUSC). The EUISS is the European Union's in-house think tank. Its mission is to find a common security culture for the EU, to help develop and project the CFSP, and to enrich Europe's strategic debate. The EUSC is providing analysis of satellite imagery and collateral data.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Defence_policy">Defence policy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Defence policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Common Security and Defence Policy</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Common Security and Defence Policy</a> (CSDP) is the part of the CFSP that relates to defence and crisis management, implemented by EU structures in <a href="/wiki/Military_operations_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Military operations of the European Union">CSDP missions</a> drawing on civilian and military assets provided by <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Member states of the European Union">member states</a>. Based on articles 42–46 of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_European_Union" title="Treaty on European Union">Treaty on European Union</a> (TEU),<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the CSDP also entails a <a href="/wiki/Alliance" title="Alliance">mutual defence clause</a> amongst member states as well as a <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Structured_Cooperation" title="Permanent Structured Cooperation">Permanent Structured Cooperation</a> (PESCO) in which 25 of the 28 national armed forces pursue structural <a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">integration</a>. </p><p>Article 42.2 of TEU states that the CSDP includes the 'progressive framing' of a common Union defence policy, and will lead to a common defence, when the <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> of national heads of state or government, acting unanimously, so decides. </p><p>When participating in CSDP missions abroad for peace-keeping, conflict prevention and strengthening international security in accordance with the principles of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Charter">United Nations Charter</a>, the national armed forces may either act in an existing national force framework, as part of an intergovemental force made available to the CSDP through article 42.3 of TEU, such as the <a href="/wiki/Eurocorps" title="Eurocorps">European Corps</a> (Eurocorps), the <a href="/wiki/EU_Battlegroup" title="EU Battlegroup">EU Battlegroups</a> (EUBG) or the <a href="/wiki/European_Gendarmerie_Force" title="European Gendarmerie Force">European Gendarmerie Force</a> (Eurogendfor).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Union's <a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy</a> (HR/VP), currently <a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Josep Borrell</a>, is responsible for proposing and implementing CSDP decisions. Such decisions are taken by the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Council" title="Foreign Affairs Council">Foreign Affairs Council</a> (FAC), generally requiring unanimity. </p><p>The CSDP organisation, headed by the HR/VP, comprises relevant sections of the <a href="/wiki/European_External_Action_Service" title="European External Action Service">External Action Service</a> (EEAS) – including the <a href="/wiki/Military_Planning_and_Conduct_Capability" title="Military Planning and Conduct Capability">operational headquarters</a> (MPCC) of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Staff" title="European Union Military Staff">Military Staff</a> (EUMS) – a number of FAC preparatory bodies – such as the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Committee" title="European Union Military Committee">Military Committee</a> (EUMC) – as well as four <a href="/wiki/Agencies_of_the_European_Union" title="Agencies of the European Union">Agencies</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/European_Defence_Agency" title="European Defence Agency">Defence Agency</a> (EDA). Since 2017, the CSDP has also been facilitated by a <a href="/wiki/European_Defence_Fund" title="European Defence Fund">defence fund</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Annual_Review_on_Defence" title="Coordinated Annual Review on Defence">Coordinated Annual Review on Defence</a> (CARD). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neutrality">Neutrality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Neutrality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the Irish people were reassured of their neutrality before agreeing to the <a href="/wiki/Nice_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Nice Treaty">Nice Treaty</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish Prime Minister">Finnish Prime Minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matti_Vanhanen" title="Matti Vanhanen">Matti Vanhanen</a>, on 5 July 2006, while speaking to the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> as <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Council" title="President of the European Council">Council President</a> declared:<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Mr Pflüger described Finland as neutral. I must correct him on that: Finland is a member of the EU. We were at one time a politically neutral country, during the time of the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a>. Now we are a member of the Union, part of this community of values, which has a common policy and, moreover, a common foreign policy.</p></blockquote> <p>Nevertheless, a similar guarantee on neutrality in relation to the Treaty of Lisbon was granted to Ireland at the European Council of 18/19 June 2009: </p> <blockquote> <p>The European Council also agreed that other concerns of the Irish people, as presented by the Taoiseach, relating to taxation policy, the right to life, education and the family, and Ireland's traditional policy of military neutrality, would be addressed to the mutual satisfaction of Ireland and the other Member States, by way of the necessary legal guarantees.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stopping_humanitarian_atrocities">Stopping humanitarian atrocities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Stopping humanitarian atrocities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>EU foreign policy is committed to the protection of human rights. Research suggests that rhetoric along these lines from EU decision-makers is consistent with actual EU foreign policy activity.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Military and economic interventions by the EU are consistently more likely in countries where violence explicitly targets civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, human rights sanctions are consistently applied against states responsible for human rights violations.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geostrategic concerns also influence EU action, as the EU has been "most attentive to human rights violations in non-EU European states, followed by countries in sub-Saharan Africa, while it has been least active in Asia and the Americas".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="European_Peace_Facility">European Peace Facility</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: European Peace Facility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/European_Peace_Facility" title="European Peace Facility">European Peace Facility</a> (EPF) is an off-budget EU financing instrument set up in March 2021, aiming towards the delivering of military aid to partner countries and funding the deployment of EU military missions abroad under the CFSP. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Counterterrorism_policy">Counterterrorism policy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Counterterrorism policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The European Union considers to be <b>terrorist organisations</b> those groups or those entities that are controlled directly or indirectly by persons who commit or attempt to commit terrorist acts, participating in these groups, or facilitating the execution of terrorist plans. It also includes defining those groups and entities acting on behalf or under the direction of such persons, groups and entities, including funds derived or generated from property owned or controlled directly or indirectly by such persons or by associated persons, groups and entities. The watch list was reviewed for the Law Library of Congress in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The European Union gives a definition of terrorism as Common Position 2001/931/CFSP of 27 December 2001,<sup id="cite_ref-ccp01_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ccp01-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also referred to by successive acts. It highlights them as intentional acts which, given their nature or context as defined crimes under domestic law, may seriously harm a State or an international organization when committed for the purpose of: </p> <ul><li>seriously intimidating a population</li> <li>unduly compelling a Government or international organization to perform or abstain from performing any act</li> <li>seriously destabilizing or destroying the fundamental political, constitutional, economic or social constructs</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_terrorist_organisations">List of terrorist organisations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: List of terrorist organisations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The list of terrorist organisations was started in 2001 with the 13 organisations listed on 27 December of Common Position 2001/931/CFSP.<sup id="cite_ref-ccp01_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ccp01-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The European Community had not listed <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> although the <a href="/wiki/9/11_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="9/11 attacks">9/11 attacks</a> had been the instigator of the list. It has been updated by a number of subsequent declarations, such as Common Position 2006/231/CFSP of 21 December 2005;<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for example so as to include <a href="/wiki/LTTE" class="mw-redirect" title="LTTE">LTTE</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Common Position 2005/847/CFSP of the <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> of 29 November 2005 updated the list of these organizations,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Outside_the_CFSP">Outside the CFSP</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Outside the CFSP"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:33rdG8Leaders.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/33rdG8Leaders.jpg/220px-33rdG8Leaders.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/33rdG8Leaders.jpg/330px-33rdG8Leaders.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/33rdG8Leaders.jpg/440px-33rdG8Leaders.jpg 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="322" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">Commission President</a> has been an unofficial member of the <a href="/wiki/G8" title="G8">G8</a>, since 2014 <a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a> since the <a href="/wiki/3rd_G7_summit" title="3rd G7 summit">3rd summit in 1977</a> (Shown: <a href="/wiki/33rd_G8_summit" title="33rd G8 summit">G8 at Heiligendamm, Germany in 2007</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Besides its own foreign and security policy, the commission is also gaining greater representation in international bodies. Representation in international bodies is previously through the <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_External_Relations" title="European Commissioner for External Relations">European Commissioner for External Relations</a>, who worked alongside the High Representative, but now with the <a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative</a> directly as a <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_European_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice President of the European Commission">Commission vice-president</a>. In the UN the EU has gained influence in areas such as aid due to its large contributions in that field (see below).<sup id="cite_ref-EUObserver_UN_Seat_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EUObserver_UN_Seat-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/G8" title="G8">G8</a> and the <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a>, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_and_the_G8" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union and the G8">EU has the rights of membership</a> besides that of chairing/hosting summit meetings. The EU is represented at the G8 by the presidents of the commission and the council.<sup id="cite_ref-EC_G8_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EC_G8-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the G20, its exact representation depends on the format of the individual meetings and may also include officials from the <a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">ECB</a>. For all of these meetings, the EU has established informal processes to coordinate its policies.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organisation</a> (WTO), where all 27 member states are represented, the EU as a body is represented by <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Trade" title="European Commissioner for Trade">Trade Commissioner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Europa_Trade_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Europa_Trade-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The influence of the EU is also felt through the <a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">enlargement</a>. The potential benefits of becoming a member of the EU act as an incentive for both political and economic reform in states wishing to fulfil the EU's accession criteria, and are considered a major factor contributing to the reform and stabilisation of former Communist countries in Eastern Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Enlargement_voice_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enlargement_voice-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This influence on the internal affairs of other countries is generally referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Soft_power" title="Soft power">soft power</a>", as opposed to military "hard power".<sup id="cite_ref-Soft_Power_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soft_Power-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An example of the support the European Union offers to the reform processes of its neighbours is EUBAM, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Border_Assistance_Mission_to_Moldova_and_Ukraine" title="European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine">European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine</a>, which assists the governments of Moldova and Ukraine in approximating their border and customs procedures to EU standards. </p><p>The European Union's influential economic status and its nation-like characteristics has been acknowledged by the United States' <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> (CIA) in their publication <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. The EU was included in the <i>Factbook</i> in December 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-euwfb_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euwfb-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Humanitarian_aid">Humanitarian aid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Humanitarian aid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/ECHO_(European_Commission)" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHO (European Commission)">European Community humanitarian aid office</a>, or "ECHO", provides <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid" title="Humanitarian aid">humanitarian aid</a> from the EU to developing countries. In 2006 its budget amounted to 671 million euro, 48% of which went to the <a href="/wiki/ACP_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="ACP countries">ACP countries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ECHO_2006_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECHO_2006-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Counting the EU's own contributions and those of its member states together, the EU is the largest aid donor in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Aid_Consensus_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aid_Consensus-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The EU's aid has previously been criticised by the think-tank <a href="/wiki/Open_Europe" title="Open Europe">Open Europe</a> for being inefficient, mis-targeted and linked to economic objectives.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Aid_Inefficient_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Aid_Inefficient-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some charities have claimed European governments have inflated the amount they have spent on aid by incorrectly including money spent on debt relief, foreign students, and refugees. Under the de-inflated figures, the EU did not reach its internal aid target in 2006<sup id="cite_ref-Indy_Inflated_Aid_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indy_Inflated_Aid-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the EU would not reach the international target of 0.7% of <a href="/wiki/GNP" class="mw-redirect" title="GNP">GNP</a> until 2015. However, only a few countries have reached that target. In 2005, EU aid was 0.34% of GNP, which was higher than that of the United States and Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-ECHO_Overview_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECHO_Overview-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ex <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Development_%26_Humanitarian_Aid" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Development & Humanitarian Aid">commissioner for aid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Michel" title="Louis Michel">Louis Michel</a>, has called for aid to be delivered more rapidly, to greater effect, and on humanitarian principles.<sup id="cite_ref-Aid_Consensus_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aid_Consensus-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309144841/http://www.cdi.org/mrp/eu.cfm">"Military Reform Project"</a>. cdi.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cdi.org/mrp/eu.cfm">the original</a> on 9 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Military+Reform+Project&rft.pub=cdi.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdi.org%2Fmrp%2Feu.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommon+Foreign+and+Security+Policy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/archives/igc2000/geninfo/fact-sheets/fact-sheet6/index_en.htm">"Qualified-Majority Voting: Common commercial policy"</a>. The European commission<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Qualified-Majority+Voting%3A+Common+commercial+policy&rft.pub=The+European+commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Farchives%2Figc2000%2Fgeninfo%2Ffact-sheets%2Ffact-sheet6%2Findex_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommon+Foreign+and+Security+Policy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EPC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EPC_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140730225246/http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/glossary/">"European political co-operation (EPC)"</a>. <i>Europa Glossary</i>. The European commission. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europa.eu/scadplus/glossary/european_political_cooperation_en.htm">the original</a> on 30 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Europa+Glossary&rft.atitle=European+political+co-operation+%28EPC%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuropa.eu%2Fscadplus%2Fglossary%2Feuropean_political_cooperation_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommon+Foreign+and+Security+Policy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">By Article 11 of the Maastricht Treaty.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Europa_CFSP-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Europa_CFSP_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/cfsp/intro/index.htm">"Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) – Overview"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Europa_(web_portal)" title="Europa (web portal)">European Commission</a>. 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Common+Foreign+and+Security+Policy+%28CFSP%29+%E2%80%93+Overview&rft.pub=European+Commission&rft.date=2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fexternal_relations%2Fcfsp%2Fintro%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommon+Foreign+and+Security+Policy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_Iraq_statement-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Iraq_statement_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2697667.stm">"Divided EU agrees Iraq statement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Europa_(web_portal)" title="Europa (web portal)">Europa (web portal)</a>. 27 January 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Divided+EU+agrees+Iraq+statement&rft.date=2003-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F2697667.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommon+Foreign+and+Security+Policy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Political_and_Security_Committee" title="Political and Security Committee">Political and Security Committee</a> (PSC), "Role", <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/council-eu/preparatory-bodies/political-security-committee/">https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/council-eu/preparatory-bodies/political-security-committee/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Satellite_Centre" title="European Union Satellite Centre">European Union Satellite Centre</a> (EUSC), "What we do", <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.satcen.europa.eu/what-we-do/our-services">https://www.satcen.europa.eu/what-we-do/our-services</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Consolidated_version_of_the_Treaty_on_European_Union/Title_V:_General_Provisions_on_the_Union%27s_External_Action_Service_and_Specific_Provisions_on_the_Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy#SECTION_2:_PROVISIONS_ON_THE_COMMON_SECURITY_AND_DEFENCE_POLICY" class="extiw" title="s:Consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union/Title V: General Provisions on the Union's External Action Service and Specific Provisions on the Common Foreign and Security Policy">Article 42</a>, Treaty on European Union</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArcudiSmith2013" class="citation journal cs1">Arcudi, Giovanni; Smith, Michael E. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=EU+attacked+for+%27inefficient%27+aid&rft.date=2007-05-30&rft.aulast=Mulvey&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F6705773.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommon+Foreign+and+Security+Policy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Indy_Inflated_Aid-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Indy_Inflated_Aid_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2007" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, Jerome (11 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070812211229/http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/article2530776.ece">"EU accused of artificially inflating its aid figures"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/article2530776.ece">the original</a> on 12 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=EU+accused+of+artificially+inflating+its+aid+figures&rft.date=2007-05-11&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.independent.co.uk%2Feurope%2Farticle2530776.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommon+Foreign+and+Security+Policy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ECHO_Overview-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ECHO_Overview_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europa.eu/pol/dev/overview_en.htm">"Overviews of the European Union activities: Development"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Europa_(web_portal)" title="Europa (web portal)">European Commission</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Overviews+of+the+European+Union+activities%3A+Development&rft.pub=European+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuropa.eu%2Fpol%2Fdev%2Foverview_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommon+Foreign+and+Security+Policy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dieter Mahncke (ed.), Peter Lang, <i>European foreign policy – from rhetoric to reality ?</i>, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-5201-247-4" title="Special:BookSources/90-5201-247-4">90-5201-247-4</a>.</li> <li>S. Kekeleire, J. MacNaughtan, <i>The Foreign Policy of the European Union.</i> Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-4722-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-4722-2">978-1-4039-4722-2</a>.</li> <li>J. bie, <i>Europe's Global Role: External Policies of the European Union.</i> Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-7721-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-7721-5">978-0-7546-7721-5</a>.</li> <li>C. Hill, M. Smith (eds.), <i>International Relations and the European Union.</i> Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-927348-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-927348-5">978-0-19-927348-5</a>.</li> <li>C. Bretherton, J. Vogler, <i>The European Union as a Global Actor.</i> London: Routledge, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-28245-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-28245-1">978-0-415-28245-1</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iss.europa.eu/publications/detail/article/linvestissement-de-lue-dans-la-securite-collective-en-afrique-centrale-un-pari-risque/">Guicherd, Catherine, <i>L'investissement de l'UE dans la sécurité collective en Afrique centrale : un pari risqué.</i> Paris, Institute d'Etudes de Sécurité de l'Union Européenne, 2012. Occasional Paper – 15 May 2012</a></li> <li>D Seah, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5339/irl.2015.1">The CFSP as an aspect of conducting foreign relations by the United Kingdom: With special reference to the Treaty of Amity & Cooperation in Southeast Asia</a>". <i>International Review of Law</i> 2015.</li> <li>G. Butler "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5040/9781509925971">Constitutional Law of the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy</a>". Oxford: Hart Publishing/Bloomsbury, 2019. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-50992-594-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-50992-594-0">978-1-50992-594-0</a>.</li> <li>U. Weiss and J. Agassi "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3621621">The Game Theory of the European Union versus the Pax Romana</a>, "DePaul Law Review".</li> <li>G. Arcudi, M.E. Smith, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09662839.2012.747511">The European Gendarmerie Force: a solution in search of problems?</a>, <i>European Security</i>, 22:1, 1–20, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09662839.2012.747511">DOI: 10.1080/09662839.2012.747511</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europa.eu/pol/cfsp/index_en.htm">EU website – Foreign and Security Policy</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Ondarza2008" class="citation journal cs1">von Ondarza, Nicolai (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ies.be/files/repo/conference2008/EUinIA_IX_2_vonOndarza.pdf">"EU Military Deployment – An Executive Prerogative"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>: <a href="/wiki/German_institute_for_international_and_security_affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="German institute for international and security affairs">German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP)</a>, Berlin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=EU+Military+Deployment+%E2%80%93+An+Executive+Prerogative&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=von+Ondarza&rft.aufirst=Nicolai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ies.be%2Ffiles%2Frepo%2Fconference2008%2FEUinIA_IX_2_vonOndarza.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommon+Foreign+and+Security+Policy" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=14608">European Parliament Resolution on progress in implementing the common foreign and security policy </a> European Navigator</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100622055038/http://www.iss.europa.eu/research-areas/eu-foreign-policy/">European Union Institute for Security Studies</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eufp.eu/">Online Resource Guide to EU Foreign Policy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consilium.europa.eu/press/press-releases/common-foreign-and-security-policy-%28cfsp%29-statements?lang=en&BID=73">Press releases archive, CFSP</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Union_topics" title="Template:European Union topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Union_topics" title="Template talk:European Union topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Union_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Union topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Union_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union" title="History of the European Union">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_European_Union_history" title="Timeline of European Union history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ideas_of_European_unity_before_1948" title="Ideas of European unity before 1948">Ideas of European unity before 1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_fathers_of_the_European_Union" title="Founding fathers of the European Union">Founders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_integration_(1948%E2%80%931957)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the European integration (1948–1957)">1948–1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Communities_(1958%E2%80%931972)" title="History of the European Communities (1958–1972)">1958–1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Communities_(1973%E2%80%931993)" title="History of the European Communities (1973–1993)">1973–1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union_(1993%E2%80%932004)" title="History of the European Union (1993–2004)">1993–2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union_since_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the European Union since 2004">Since 2004</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Defence policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Union_(alliance)" title="Western Union (alliance)">Western Union (1948–1954)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_European_Union" title="Western European Union">Western European Union (1954–2011)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Communities" title="European Communities">European Communities (1967–2009)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Authority_for_the_Ruhr" title="International Authority for the Ruhr">International Authority for the Ruhr (1949–1951)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Coal_and_Steel_Community" title="European Coal and Steel Community">European Coal and Steel Community (1951–2002)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community (1958–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Community">European Community (1993–2009)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Atomic_Energy_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Atomic Energy Community">European Atomic Energy Community (est. 1958)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">Central bank</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Monetary_Cooperation_Fund" title="European Monetary Cooperation Fund">European Monetary Cooperation Fund (1973–1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Monetary_Institute" title="European Monetary Institute">European Monetary Institute (1994–1998)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Stability_Mechanism" title="European Stability Mechanism">Financial stability</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Financial_Stability_Facility" title="European Financial Stability Facility">European Financial Stability Facility (2010–<i>2012</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Financial_Stability_Mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="European Financial Stability Mechanism">European Financial Stability Mechanism (2010–<i>2012</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Enlargements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Territory_of_Trieste#Dissolution" title="Free Territory of Trieste">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1973 enlargement of the European Communities">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1981 enlargement of the European Communities">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1986 enlargement of the European Communities">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="1995 enlargement of the European Union">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2007 enlargement of the European Union">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2013 enlargement of the European Union">2013</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Withdrawals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vian_Accords" title="Évian Accords">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Greenland_from_the_European_Communities" title="Withdrawal of Greenland from the European Communities">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon#After_1945" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy#21st_century" title="Saint Barthélemy">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">2020</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_European_Union" title="Geography of the European Union">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_European_Union" title="Geography of the European Union">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_European_Union" title="Demographics of the European Union">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_border_of_the_European_Union" title="External border of the European Union">External border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_European_Union" title="Environmental issues in the European Union">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_European_Union" title="Extreme points of the European Union">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_midpoint_of_Europe#Geographic_centre_of_the_European_Union" title="Geographical midpoint of Europe">Geographic centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larger_urban_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Larger urban zone">Larger urban zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">Member states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_the_European_Union" title="Protected areas of the European Union">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">Regions <span style="font-size:85%;">(first-level NUTS)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_territories_of_members_of_the_European_Economic_Area" title="Special territories of members of the European Economic Area">Special territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_statistics" title="European Union statistics">Statistics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bodies_of_the_European_Union_and_the_Euratom" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodies of the European Union and the Euratom">Bodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Institutions_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutions of the European Union">Institutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="President of the European Parliament">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Vice-President of the European Parliament">Vice-Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Secretariat of the European Parliament">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committees_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Committees of the European Parliament">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_to_the_European_Parliament" title="Elections to the European Parliament">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituency" title="European Parliament constituency">Constituencies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">Political groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_political_foundation" title="European political foundation">European political foundations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Presidency of the Council of the European Union">Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretariat_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union">General Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurogroup" title="Eurogroup">Eurogroup</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Council" title="President of the European Council">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_summit" title="Euro summit">Euro summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Commission" title="Vice-President of the European Commission">Vice-Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Commissioners_by_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="List of European Commissioners by nationality">Commissioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General" title="Directorate-General">Directorates-General</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_European_Union" title="Court of Justice of the European Union">Court of Justice of the European Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">Court of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Court_(European_Union)" title="General Court (European Union)">General Court</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">Central bank</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Central_Bank" title="President of the European Central Bank">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_System_of_Central_Banks" title="European System of Central Banks">System of Central Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurosystem" title="Eurosystem">Eurosystem</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_audit_institution" title="Supreme audit institution">Supreme audit institution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Auditors" title="European Court of Auditors">European Court of Auditors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_European_Court_of_Auditors" title="Secretary-General of the European Court of Auditors">Secretary-General</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />international-law<br />EU bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Atomic_Energy_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Atomic Energy Community">European Atomic Energy Community</a></li> <li>EIB Group <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Bank" title="European Investment Bank">European Investment Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Fund" title="European Investment Fund">European Investment Fund</a></li> <li>EIB Institute</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_University_Institute" title="European University Institute">European University Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Stability_Mechanism" title="European Stability Mechanism">European Stability Mechanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Patent_Court" title="Unified Patent Court">Unified Patent Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent<br />offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Ombudsman" title="European Ombudsman">European Ombudsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Data_Protection_Supervisor" title="European Data Protection Supervisor">European Data Protection Supervisor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agencies_of_the_European_Union" title="Agencies of the European Union">Agencies of the European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advisory<br />bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Committee_of_the_Regions" title="European Committee of the Regions">European Committee of the Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_and_Social_Committee" title="European Economic and Social Committee">European Economic and Social Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military<br />bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_and_Security_Committee" title="Political and Security Committee">Political and Security Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Committee" title="European Union Military Committee">European Union Military Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Staff" title="European Union Military Staff">European Union Military Staff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_law" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acquis_communautaire" title="Acquis communautaire">Acquis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_Fundamental_Rights_of_the_European_Union" title="Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union">Charter of Fundamental Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_competition_law" title="European Union competition law">Competition law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_law_of_the_European_Union" title="Copyright law of the European Union">Copyright law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directive_(European_Union)" title="Directive (European Union)">Directive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizens%27_Rights_Directive" title="Citizens' Rights Directive">Citizens' Rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanism_for_Cooperation_and_Verification" title="Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification">Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Journal_of_the_European_Union" title="Official Journal of the European Union"><i>Official Journal</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_legislative_procedure" title="European Union legislative procedure">Legislative procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Citizens%27_Initiative" title="European Citizens' Initiative">Citizens' Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_(European_Union)" title="Regulation (European Union)">Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the European Union">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_cooperation" title="Enhanced cooperation">Enhanced cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaties of the European Union">Treaties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opt-outs_in_the_European_Union" title="Opt-outs in the European Union">opt-outs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Withdrawal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_European_Union" title="Economy of the European Union">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_European_Union" title="Budget of the European Union">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currencies_of_the_European_Union" title="Currencies of the European Union">Currencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_preference_(EU)" class="mw-redirect" title="Community preference (EU)">Community preference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_procurement_in_the_European_Union" title="Government procurement in the European Union">Government procurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_status_and_usage_of_the_euro" title="International status and usage of the euro">International status and usage</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Transport" title="European Commissioner for Transport">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TRACECA" title="TRACECA">TRACECA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Union_member_states_by_minimum_wage" title="List of European Union member states by minimum wage">Minimum wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_countries_by_average_wage" title="List of European countries by average wage">Average wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Union_member_states_by_unemployment_rate" title="List of European Union member states by unemployment rate">Unemployment rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Union_member_states_by_health_expense_per_person" title="List of European Union member states by health expense per person">Health expense per person</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Politics of the European Union">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">European integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurosphere" title="Eurosphere">Eurosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmentalism" title="Intergovernmentalism">Intergovernmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-speed_Europe" title="Multi-speed Europe">Multi-speed Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neofunctionalism" title="Neofunctionalism">Neofunctionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optimum_currency_area" title="Optimum currency area">Optimum currency area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supranational_union" title="Supranational union">Supranational union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromyth" title="Euromyth">Euromyths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="European Federation">Federalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Europeanism" title="Pro-Europeanism">Pro-Europeanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_legitimacy_of_the_European_Union" title="Democratic legitimacy of the European Union">Democratic legitimacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differentiated_integration" title="Differentiated integration">Differentiated integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privileged_partnership" title="Privileged partnership">Privileged partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potential_superpower#European_Union" title="Potential superpower">Potential superpower status</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Area_of_freedom,_security_and_justice" title="Area of freedom, security and justice">Area of freedom, security and justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Migration_and_asylum_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Migration and asylum policy of the European Union">Migration and asylum policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Judicial_Network" title="European Judicial Network">European Judicial Network</a> (criminal matters)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Judicial_Network_in_civil_and_commercial_matters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters (page does not exist)">European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of the European Union">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passports_of_the_European_Union" title="Passports of the European Union">passports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_identity_card" class="mw-redirect" title="European identity card">identity card</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_identity_cards_in_the_European_Economic_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="National identity cards in the European Economic Area">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_driving_licence" title="European driving licence">Driving licence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Vehicle registration plates of the European Union">Vehicle registration plates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Common Foreign and Security Policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Common Security and Defence Policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Structured_Cooperation" title="Permanent Structured Cooperation">Permanent Structured Cooperation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Enlargement Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Neighbourhood_Policy" title="European Neighbourhood Policy">Neighbourhood Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Global_Strategy" title="European Union Global Strategy">Global Strategy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Union_of_the_European_Union" title="Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union">Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_banking_union" title="European banking union">European banking union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Banking_Supervision" title="European Banking Supervision">European Banking Supervision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_Resolution_Mechanism" title="Single Resolution Mechanism">Single Resolution Mechanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_Markets_Union" title="Capital Markets Union">Capital Markets Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_System_of_Financial_Supervision" title="European System of Financial Supervision">European System of Financial Supervision</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Single_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="European Single Market">Single market</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Agricultural_Policy" title="Common Agricultural Policy">Agricultural policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_policies_of_the_European_Union" title="Cultural policies of the European Union">Cultural policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">Customs Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_policies_and_initiatives_of_the_European_Union" title="Educational policies and initiatives of the European Union">Educational policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Energy policy of the European Union">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Environmental policy of the European Union">Environmental policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Green_Deal" title="European Green Deal">European Green Deal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Fisheries_Policy" title="Common Fisheries Policy">Fisheries policy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HealthCare_in_the_European_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HealthCare in the European Union (page does not exist)">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Health_Insurance_Card" title="European Health Insurance Card">Health Insurance Card</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement_for_workers_in_the_European_Union" title="Freedom of movement for workers in the European Union">Labour mobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Regional policy of the European Union">Regional development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Structural_and_Investment_Funds" title="European Structural and Investment Funds">European Structural and Investment Funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Space_Programme" title="European Union Space Programme">Space policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_policies_of_the_European_Union" title="Sport policies of the European Union">Sport policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_value_added_tax" title="European Union value added tax">VAT Area</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Foreign relations of the European Union">Foreign <br />relations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Neighbourhood_Policy" title="European Neighbourhood Policy">Neighbourhood Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EEA_Joint_Committee" title="EEA Joint Committee">EEA Joint Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Community" title="Energy Community">Energy Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Common_Aviation_Area" title="European Common Aviation Area">European Common Aviation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Higher_Education_Area" title="European Higher Education Area">European Higher Education Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Space_Programme#EU/ESA_Space_Council" title="European Union Space Programme">EU/ESA Framework Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Space_Programme#EU/ESA_Space_Council" title="European Union Space Programme">EU/ESA Space Council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Peace_Facility" title="European Peace Facility">European Peace Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Partnership_Agreements" title="Economic Partnership Agreements">Economic Partnership Agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Association_Agreement" title="European Union Association Agreement">European Union Association Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabilisation_and_Association_Process" title="Stabilisation and Association Process">Stabilisation and Association Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Partnership" title="Eastern Partnership">Eastern Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronest_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Euronest Parliamentary Assembly">Euronest Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_Gateway_Programme" title="EU Gateway Programme">EU Gateway Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_Strategy_for_the_South_Caucasus" title="EU Strategy for the South Caucasus">EU Strategy for the South Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Dimension" title="Northern Dimension">Northern Dimension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Union for the Mediterranean">Union for the Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Global_Strategy" title="European Union Global Strategy">Global Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_free_trade_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union free trade agreements">Free trade agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Enlargement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">Current agenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_relating_to_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Statistics relating to enlargement of the European Union">Statistics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_policies_of_the_European_Union" title="Cultural policies of the European Union">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Douzelage" title="Douzelage">Douzelage</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_European_History" title="House of European History">House of European History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2012 Nobel Peace Prize">2012 Nobel Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_laissez-passer" title="European Union laissez-passer">Laissez-passer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_European_Union" title="Languages of the European Union">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_freedom_in_the_European_Union" title="Media freedom in the European Union">Media freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_European_Union" title="Public holidays in the European Union">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_European_Union" title="Religion in the European Union">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Europe" title="Telephone numbers in Europe">Telephone numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_the_European_Union" title="Symbols of the European Union">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:European_Union-related_lists" title="Category:European Union-related lists">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_on_the_European_Union" title="List of books on the European Union">Books on the subject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Union_directives" title="List of European Union directives">Directives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_European_Union_by_population_within_city_limits" title="List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits">Largest cities by population within city limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_political_parties_in_Europe_by_pancontinental_organisation" title="Table of political parties in Europe by pancontinental organisation">National parties by affiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_institutions_of_the_European_Union" title="List of presidents of the institutions of the European Union">Presidents of the institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Europe" title="Terrorism in Europe">Terrorist incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_the_European_Union" title="List of urban areas in the European Union">Urban areas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_European_Union" title="Outline of the European Union">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:European_Union" title="Category:European Union">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Template:Foreign relations of the European Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of the European Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of the European Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union" title="Foreign relations of the European Union">Foreign relations of the European Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Bilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bilateralism" title="Bilateralism">Bilateral</a> relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="See_also:_Economic_relationships_with_third_countries"><i>See also</i>: <a href="/wiki/Third-country_economic_relationships_with_the_European_Union" title="Third-country economic relationships with the European Union">Economic relationships with third countries</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria-European_Union_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Algeria-European Union relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Cape Verde–European Union relations">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Egypt–European Union relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Libya–European Union relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Morocco–European Union relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="South Africa–European Union relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Sudan_relations" title="European Union–Sudan relations">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Tunisia–European Union relations">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Argentina–European Union relations">Argentina</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Argentina_foreign_trade_relations_with_the_European_Union" title="Argentina foreign trade relations with the European Union">trade</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Brazil–European Union relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Canada–European Union relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Colombia–European Union relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Cuba–European Union relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_and_the_European_Union" title="Greenland and the European Union">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Mexico–European Union relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="European Union–Peru relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States–European Union relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Uruguay–European Union relations">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Bahrain–European Union relations">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Bangladesh–European Union relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="China–European Union relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="India–European Union relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Indonesia–European Union relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Iran–European Union relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Iraq–European Union relations">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Israel–European Union relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Japan–European Union relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Jordan–European Union relations">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Kazakhstan–European Union relations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Lebanon–European Union relations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Malaysia–European Union relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Nepal–European Union relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="North Korea–European Union relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Pakistan–European Union relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Palestine–European Union relations">Palestine</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Philippines–European Union relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="South Korea–European Union relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Syria–European Union relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Taiwan–European Union relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Vietnam–European Union relations">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Yemen–European Union relations">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Albania to the European Union">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Andorra–European Union relations">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Armenia–European Union relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Azerbaijan–European Union relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Belarus–European Union relations">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands_and_the_European_Union" title="Faroe Islands and the European Union">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Georgia–European Union relations">Georgia</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Georgia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Georgia to the European Union">Accession negotiations</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Iceland–European Union relations">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Kosovo_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Kosovo to the European Union">Kosovo</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Liechtenstein–European Union relations">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Moldova–European Union relations">Moldova</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Moldova_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Moldova to the European Union">Accession negotiations</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Monaco–European Union relations">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Montenegro_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Montenegro to the European Union">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_North_Macedonia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus_and_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Cyprus and the European Union">Northern Cyprus</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Norway–European Union relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Russia–European Union relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="San Marino–European Union relations">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Serbia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Serbia to the European Union">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta–European Union relations">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Switzerland–European Union relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="European Union–Turkey relations">Turkey</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Turkey to the European Union">Accession negotiations</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Ukraine–European Union relations">Ukraine</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Accession negotiations</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="United Kingdom–European Union relations">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Holy See–European Union relations">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Australia–European Union relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Micronesia–European Union relations">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="New Zealand–European Union relations">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Papua New Guinea–European Union relations">Papua New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia%E2%80%93European_Communities_relations" title="Yugoslavia–European Communities relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Special member state territories and the European Union">Overseas territories of member states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microstates_and_the_European_Union" title="Microstates and the European Union">European microstates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_trading_partners_of_the_European_Union" title="List of the largest trading partners of the European Union">Largest trading partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Association_Agreement" title="European Union Association Agreement">Association Agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_free_trade_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union free trade agreements">Free trade agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Sanctions" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union Sanctions">European Union Sanctions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>†= Disputed state, may not be recognised as an independent state by some or all European Union members.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Multilateral_relations_and_initiatives" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">Multilateral</a> relations and initiatives</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; ;">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Arab League–European Union relations">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="ASEAN–European Union relations">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Council of Europe–European Union relations">Council of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_and_the_European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Union and the European Convention on Human Rights">ECHR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_and_the_G7" title="European Union and the G7">G7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_and_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="European Union and the International Criminal Court">ICC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Observer_Mission_of_the_Organization_of_Islamic_Cooperation_to_the_European_Union" title="Permanent Observer Mission of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation to the European Union">IOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Mercosur_relations" title="European Union–Mercosur relations">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="European Union–NATO relations">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_and_the_United_Nations" title="European Union and the United Nations">UN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; ;">Initiatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African,_Caribbean_and_Pacific_Group_of_States" class="mw-redirect" title="African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States">African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Europe_Meeting" title="Asia–Europe Meeting">Asia–Europe Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARIFORUM" title="CARIFORUM">CARIFORUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">Customs Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Partnership" title="Eastern Partnership">Eastern Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Community" title="Energy Community">Energy Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro-Latin_American_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly">Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Common_Aviation_Area" title="European Common Aviation Area">European Common Aviation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro-Mediterranean_free_trade_area" title="Euro-Mediterranean free trade area">Euro-Mediterranean free trade area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro-Mediterranean_Partnership" class="mw-redirect" title="Euro-Mediterranean Partnership">Euro-Mediterranean Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronest_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Euronest Parliamentary Assembly">Euronest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Partnership_Agreements" title="Economic Partnership Agreements">Economic Partnership Agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_CBRN_Risk_Mitigation_CoE_Initiative" title="EU CBRN Risk Mitigation CoE Initiative">EU CBRN Risk Mitigation CoE Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Neighbourhood_Policy" title="European Neighbourhood Policy">Neighbourhood Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Dimension" title="Northern Dimension">Northern Dimension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Union for the Mediterranean">Mediterranean Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabilisation_and_Association_Process" title="Stabilisation and Association Process">Stabilisation and Association Process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Administration_and_policies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administration and policies</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; ;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Foreign and Security Policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Global_Strategy" title="European Union Global Strategy">Global Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Neighbourhood_Policy" title="European Neighbourhood Policy">Neighbourhood Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Security and Defence Policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; ;">Administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_Aid_and_Civil_Protection_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Department">Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_International_Cooperation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development">Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_External_Action_Service" title="European External Action Service">External Action Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Council" title="Foreign Affairs Council">Foreign Affairs Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative</a> <a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Josep Borrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs" title="European Parliament Committee on Foreign Affairs">Parliamentary Foreign Affairs Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy_Instruments_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Policy Instruments Service">Foreign Policy Instruments Service</a></li> <li>Diplomatic missions <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of diplomatic missions of the European Union">of the EU</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ambassadors_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambassadors of the European Union">ambassadors</a>) / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Belgium#Missions_to_the_European_Union" title="List of diplomatic missions in Belgium">to the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Special_Representative" title="European Union Special Representative">Special Representatives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; ;">Funding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instrument_for_Pre-Accession_Assistance" title="Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance">Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Europe">Global Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Template:Common Security and Defence Policy"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Template talk:Common Security and Defence Policy"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Common Security and Defence Policy"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_of_the_European_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Common Security and Defence Policy</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_General_of_the_European_Union_Military_Staff" title="Director General of the European Union Military Staff">Director General of the Military Staff/Director of the Military Planning and Conduct Capability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Civilian_Planning_and_Conduct_Capability" title="Director of the Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability">Director of the Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_European_Union_Military_Committee" title="Chairman of the European Union Military Committee">Chairman of the Military Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Council" title="Foreign Affairs Council">Foreign Affairs Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Structure of the Common Security and Defence Policy">Structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b><a href="/wiki/European_External_Action_Service" title="European External Action Service">External Action Service</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Command structure on the civilian/military strategic and operational levels (<a href="/wiki/Military_Planning_and_Conduct_Capability" title="Military Planning and Conduct Capability">Military Planning and Conduct Capability</a> within the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Staff" title="European Union Military Staff">Military Staff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civilian_Planning_and_Conduct_Capability" title="Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability">Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joint_Support_Coordination_Cell" title="Joint Support Coordination Cell">Joint Support Coordination Cell</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Intelligence_and_Situation_Centre" title="European Union Intelligence and Situation Centre">Intelligence and Situation Centre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Club_de_Berne" title="Club de Berne">Club de Berne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_Management_and_Planning_Directorate_(European_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crisis Management and Planning Directorate (European Union)">Crisis Management and Planning Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Security_and_Defence_College" title="European Security and Defence College">Security & Defence College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b><a href="/wiki/Agencies_of_the_European_Union" title="Agencies of the European Union">Agencies</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Defence_Agency" title="European Defence Agency">Defence Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Institute_for_Security_Studies" title="European Union Institute for Security Studies">Institute for Security Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Satellite_Centre" title="European Union Satellite Centre">Satellite Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Council" title="Foreign Affairs Council">Council</a> preparatory bodies</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Permanent_Representatives" title="Committee of Permanent Representatives">Committee of Permanent Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_and_Security_Committee" title="Political and Security Committee">Political and Security Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politico-Military_Group" title="Politico-Military Group">Politico-Military Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Committee" title="European Union Military Committee">Military Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Civilian_Aspects_of_Crisis_Management" title="Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management">Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b><a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> bodies</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_Defence_Industry_and_Space" title="Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space">Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b>Funding</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Defence_Fund" title="European Defence Fund">Defence Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Security_Strategy" title="European Security Strategy">Security Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everything_but_Arms" title="Everything but Arms">Everything but Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Annual_Review_on_Defence" title="Coordinated Annual Review on Defence">Annual Review</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo navigation system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Secure_Software-defined_Radio" title="European Secure Software-defined Radio">Secure Software-defined Radio</a> (PESCO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Decorations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_Service_Medal" title="Common Security and Defence Policy Service Medal">Service medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy_Service_Medal" title="Common Security and Defence Policy Service Medal">Medal for Extraordinary Meritorious Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Community_Monitor_Mission_Medal" title="European Community Monitor Mission Medal">Monitor mission medal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Structured_Cooperation" title="Permanent Structured Cooperation">Permanent Structured Cooperation</a> (PESCO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headline_Goal_2010" title="Headline Goal 2010">Headline Goal 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Erasmus" title="Military Erasmus">Military Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Mobility" title="Military Mobility">Military Mobility</a> (PESCO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_European_Union_Intelligence_School" title="Joint European Union Intelligence School">Intelligence School</a> (PESCO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kortenberg_building" title="Kortenberg building">Kortenberg building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="European Union–NATO relations">NATO relations</a> (<a href="/wiki/Berlin_Plus_agreement" title="Berlin Plus agreement">Berlin Plus agreement</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joint_Declaration_on_EU-NATO_Cooperation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joint Declaration on EU-NATO Cooperation (page does not exist)">Joint Declaration</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Funding_programmes_of_the_European_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Funding_programmes_of_the_European_Union" title="Template:Funding programmes of the European Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Funding_programmes_of_the_European_Union" title="Template talk:Funding programmes of the European Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Funding_programmes_of_the_European_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Funding programmes of the European Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Funding_programmes_of_the_European_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Multiannual_Financial_Framework" title="Multiannual Financial Framework">Funding programmes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="EU_funding_oversight_and_accountability_institutions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">EU funding oversight and accountability institutions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Funding_oversight_and_accountability_institutions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Funding oversight<br /> and accountability institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Audit_Service_(European_Commission)" title="Internal Audit Service (European Commission)">Internal Audit Service of the Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_Committee_on_Budgetary_Control" title="European Parliament Committee on Budgetary Control"> Committee on Budgetary Control of the Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Financial_Affairs_Council" title="Economic and Financial Affairs Council">Economic and Financial Affairs configuration of the Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Anti-Fraud_Office" title="European Anti-Fraud Office">European Anti-Fraud Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Auditors" title="European Court of Auditors">European Court of Auditors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Public_Prosecutor%27s_Office" title="European Public Prosecutor's Office">European Public Prosecutor's Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="European_Structural_and_Investment_Funds" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Structural_and_Investment_Funds" title="European Structural and Investment Funds">European Structural and Investment Funds</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regional_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Regional policy of the European Union">Cohesion Policy</a> ESIFs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Regional_Development_Fund" title="European Regional Development Fund">European Regional Development Fund</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Interreg" title="Interreg">Interreg</a> and the ERDF <a href="/wiki/Community-led_local_development" title="Community-led local development">CLLD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cohesion_Fund" title="Cohesion Fund">Cohesion Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Social_Fund_Plus" title="European Social Fund Plus">European Social Fund Plus</a> (including the EFS+ <a href="/wiki/Community-led_local_development" title="Community-led local development">CLLD</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_Agricultural_Policy" title="Common Agricultural Policy">Common Agricultural Policy</a> ESIF</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Agricultural_Fund_for_Rural_Development" title="European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development">European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development</a> (including EAFRD <a href="/wiki/Community-led_local_development" title="Community-led local development">CLLD</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_Fisheries_Policy" title="Common Fisheries Policy">Common Fisheries Policy</a> ESIF</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Maritime,_Fisheries_and_Aquaculture_Fund" title="European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund">European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund</a> (including the EMFAF <a href="/wiki/Community-led_local_development" title="Community-led local development">CLLD</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sustainable_Europe_Investment_Plan_funds" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Europe_Investment_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable Europe Investment Plan">Sustainable Europe Investment Plan</a> funds</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="European_Green_Deal_funds" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Green_Deal" title="European Green Deal">European Green Deal</a> funds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Just_Transition_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="Just Transition Fund">Just Transition Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Innovation_Fund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Innovation Fund (page does not exist)">Innovation Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modernisation_Fund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modernisation Fund (page does not exist)">Modernisation Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Common_Foreign_and_Security_Policy_funds" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Common Foreign and Security Policy</a> funds</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Common Security and Defence Policy</a> fund</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Defence_Fund" title="European Defence Fund">European Defence Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Enlargement Policy</a> fund</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instrument_for_Pre-Accession_Assistance" title="Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance">Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Neighbourhood_Policy" title="European Neighbourhood Policy">Neighbourhood Policy</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Global_Strategy" title="European Union Global Strategy">Global Strategy</a> fund</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Europe">Global Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Area_of_freedom,_security_and_justice_funds" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Area_of_freedom,_security_and_justice" title="Area of freedom, security and justice">Area of freedom, security and justice</a> funds</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Migration & home affairs funds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asylum,_Migration_and_Integration_Fund" title="Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund">Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internal_Security_Fund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internal Security Fund (page does not exist)">Internal Security Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Integrated_Border_Management_Fund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Integrated Border Management Fund (page does not exist)">Integrated Border Management Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Justice & fundamental rights funds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justice,_Rights_and_Values_Fund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Justice, Rights and Values Fund (page does not exist)">Justice, Rights and Values Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Banking_union_funds" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_banking_union" title="European banking union">Banking union</a> funds</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Single_Resolution_Mechanism_funds" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Single_Resolution_Mechanism_funds" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Single_Resolution_Mechanism" title="Single Resolution Mechanism">Single Resolution Mechanism</a> funds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_Resolution_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="Single Resolution Fund">Single Resolution Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Stability_and_Growth_Pact_funds" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Stability_and_Growth_Pact" title="Stability and Growth Pact">Stability and Growth Pact</a> funds</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Fiscal_Compact_funds" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="European_Fiscal_Compact_funds" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Fiscal_Compact" title="European Fiscal Compact">European Fiscal Compact</a> funds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Stability_Mechanism" title="European Stability Mechanism">European Stability Mechanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Next_Generation_EU_and_other_European_Union_funds" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_EU" title="Next Generation EU">Next Generation EU</a><br /> and other European Union funds</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Next_Generation_EU_and_other_EU_funds" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Next_Generation_EU_and_other_EU_funds" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_EU" title="Next Generation EU">Next Generation EU</a><br /> and other EU funds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Agricultural_Guarantee_Fund" title="European Agricultural Guarantee Fund">European Agricultural Guarantee Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecting_Europe_Facility" title="Connecting Europe Facility">Connecting Europe Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_Europe" title="Creative Europe">Creative Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Europe_Programme" title="Digital Europe Programme">Digital Europe Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Space_Programme" title="European Union Space Programme">European Union Space Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Globalisation_Adjustment_Fund_for_Displaced_Workers" title="European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers">European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Solidarity_Fund" title="European Union Solidarity Fund">European Union Solidarity Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InvestEU" title="InvestEU">InvestEU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus%2B" title="Erasmus+">Erasmus+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIFE_programme" title="LIFE programme">LIFE programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizon_Europe" title="Horizon Europe">Horizon Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU4Health" class="mw-redirect" title="EU4Health">EU4Health</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RescEU&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RescEU (page does not exist)">RescEU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=REACT-EU&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="REACT-EU (page does not exist)">REACT-EU</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_European_Border_and_Coast_Guard" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Border_and_Coast_Guard" title="Template:European Border and Coast Guard"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Border_and_Coast_Guard" title="Template talk:European Border and Coast Guard"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Border_and_Coast_Guard" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Border and Coast Guard"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_European_Border_and_Coast_Guard" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Frontex" title="Frontex">European Border and Coast Guard</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Foreign and security policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Fisheries_Control_Agency" title="European Fisheries Control Agency">Fisheries Control Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Maritime_Safety_Agency" title="European Maritime Safety Agency">Maritime Safety Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europol" title="Europol">Police Agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Frontex" title="Frontex">Union agency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Border_Surveillance_System" title="European Border Surveillance System">Border Surveillance System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copernicus_Programme" title="Copernicus Programme">Global Monitoring for Environment and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontex#Standing_Corps" title="Frontex">Standing Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National authorities*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Border_guard" title="Border guard">Terrestrial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Police_and_Border_Guard_Board" title="Police and Border Guard Board">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Border_Guard" title="Finnish Border Guard">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Police" title="Hellenic Police">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Hungary" title="Law enforcement in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Border_Guard" title="State Border Guard">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_State_Border_Guard_Service" title="Lithuanian State Border Guard Service">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Marechaussee" title="Royal Marechaussee">Netherlands</a></li> <li>Norway <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Police_Service" title="Norwegian Police Service">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrison_of_S%C3%B8r-Varanger" class="mw-redirect" title="Garrison of Sør-Varanger">Military</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Guard_(Poland)" title="Border Guard (Poland)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Slovakia" title="Law enforcement in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Guard_(Spain)" title="Civil Guard (Spain)">Civil Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs_Surveillance_Service" title="Customs Surveillance Service">Customs Surveillance Service</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/European_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/30px-European_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/European_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/45px-European_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/European_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/60px-European_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Coast_guard" title="Coast guard">Maritime</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Coast_Guard" title="Belgian Coast Guard">Belgium</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyprus_Port_and_Marine_Police_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cyprus_Port_and_Marine_Police_racing_stripe.svg/20px-Cyprus_Port_and_Marine_Police_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cyprus_Port_and_Marine_Police_racing_stripe.svg/30px-Cyprus_Port_and_Marine_Police_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cyprus_Port_and_Marine_Police_racing_stripe.svg/40px-Cyprus_Port_and_Marine_Police_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Port_and_Marine_Police" title="Cyprus Port and Marine Police">Cyprus</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Estonian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Estonian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/20px-Estonian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Estonian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/30px-Estonian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Estonian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/40px-Estonian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Police_and_Border_Guard_Board" title="Police and Border Guard Board">Estonia</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Finnish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Finnish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/20px-Finnish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Finnish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/30px-Finnish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Finnish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/40px-Finnish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Border_Guard" title="Finnish Border Guard">Finland</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:French_Maritime_Gendarmerie_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/French_Maritime_Gendarmerie_racing_stripe.svg/20px-French_Maritime_Gendarmerie_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/French_Maritime_Gendarmerie_racing_stripe.svg/30px-French_Maritime_Gendarmerie_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/French_Maritime_Gendarmerie_racing_stripe.svg/40px-French_Maritime_Gendarmerie_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Gendarmerie" title="Maritime Gendarmerie">France</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:German_Federal_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/German_Federal_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/20px-German_Federal_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/German_Federal_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/30px-German_Federal_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/German_Federal_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/40px-German_Federal_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/German_Federal_Coast_Guard" title="German Federal Coast Guard">Germany</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hellenic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hellenic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/20px-Hellenic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hellenic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/30px-Hellenic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hellenic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/40px-Hellenic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Coast_Guard" title="Hellenic Coast Guard">Greece</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Icelandic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Icelandic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/20px-Icelandic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Icelandic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/30px-Icelandic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Icelandic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/40px-Icelandic_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Coast_Guard" title="Icelandic Coast Guard">Iceland</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guardia_Costiera.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Guardia_Costiera.svg/20px-Guardia_Costiera.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Guardia_Costiera.svg/30px-Guardia_Costiera.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Guardia_Costiera.svg/40px-Guardia_Costiera.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Corps_of_the_Port_Captaincies_%E2%80%93_Coast_Guard" title="Corps of the Port Captaincies – Coast Guard">Italy</a></li> <li>Latvia <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Latvian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Latvian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/20px-Latvian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Latvian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/30px-Latvian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Latvian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/40px-Latvian_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/State_Border_Guard" title="State Border Guard">State Border Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Naval_Forces" title="Latvian Naval Forces">Naval Forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuanian_Border_Guard_racing_stripe.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Lithuanian_Border_Guard_racing_stripe.png/20px-Lithuanian_Border_Guard_racing_stripe.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Lithuanian_Border_Guard_racing_stripe.png/30px-Lithuanian_Border_Guard_racing_stripe.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Lithuanian_Border_Guard_racing_stripe.png/40px-Lithuanian_Border_Guard_racing_stripe.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="774" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_State_Border_Guard_Service" title="Lithuanian State Border Guard Service">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Squadron_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Malta" title="Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Netherlands_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Netherlands_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/20px-Netherlands_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Netherlands_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/30px-Netherlands_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Netherlands_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/40px-Netherlands_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Coastguard" title="Netherlands Coastguard">Netherlands</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Norwegian_Coast_Guard_Racing_Stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Norwegian_Coast_Guard_Racing_Stripe.svg/20px-Norwegian_Coast_Guard_Racing_Stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Norwegian_Coast_Guard_Racing_Stripe.svg/30px-Norwegian_Coast_Guard_Racing_Stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Norwegian_Coast_Guard_Racing_Stripe.svg/40px-Norwegian_Coast_Guard_Racing_Stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Coast_Guard" title="Norwegian Coast Guard">Norway</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Polish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Polish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/20px-Polish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Polish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/30px-Polish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Polish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/40px-Polish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Border_Guard_(Poland)" title="Border Guard (Poland)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Authority_System" title="Maritime Authority System">Portugal</a></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spanish_Civil_Guard_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Spanish_Civil_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/20px-Spanish_Civil_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Spanish_Civil_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/30px-Spanish_Civil_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Spanish_Civil_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/40px-Spanish_Civil_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Civil_Guard_(Spain)" title="Civil Guard (Spain)">Civil Guard</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spanish_Maritime_Safety_and_Rescue_Society_racing_stripe_(orange).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Spanish_Maritime_Safety_and_Rescue_Society_racing_stripe_%28orange%29.svg/20px-Spanish_Maritime_Safety_and_Rescue_Society_racing_stripe_%28orange%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Spanish_Maritime_Safety_and_Rescue_Society_racing_stripe_%28orange%29.svg/30px-Spanish_Maritime_Safety_and_Rescue_Society_racing_stripe_%28orange%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Spanish_Maritime_Safety_and_Rescue_Society_racing_stripe_%28orange%29.svg/40px-Spanish_Maritime_Safety_and_Rescue_Society_racing_stripe_%28orange%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Safety_and_Rescue_Society" title="Maritime Safety and Rescue Society">Safety and Rescue Society</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spanish_Customs_Surveillance_Service_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Spanish_Customs_Surveillance_Service_racing_stripe.svg/20px-Spanish_Customs_Surveillance_Service_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Spanish_Customs_Surveillance_Service_racing_stripe.svg/30px-Spanish_Customs_Surveillance_Service_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Spanish_Customs_Surveillance_Service_racing_stripe.svg/40px-Spanish_Customs_Surveillance_Service_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Customs_Surveillance_Service" title="Customs Surveillance Service">Customs Surveillance Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Swedish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Swedish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/20px-Swedish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Swedish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/30px-Swedish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Swedish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg/40px-Swedish_Coast_Guard_racing_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Coast_Guard" title="Swedish Coast Guard">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><small>*Patrolling the external borders of the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a></small></li> <li><a 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