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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-La_gioventura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_gioventura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>La gioventura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_gioventura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'angagg_pùblich" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'angagg_pùblich"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>L'angagg pùblich</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'angagg_pùblich-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ël_perìod_ëd_produssion_pì_bondosa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ël_perìod_ëd_produssion_pì_bondosa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ël perìod ëd produssion pì bondosa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ël_perìod_ëd_produssion_pì_bondosa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'artorn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'artorn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>L'artorn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'artorn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_fin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_fin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>La fin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_fin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sò_caràter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sò_caràter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sò caràter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sò_caràter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soe_contribussion_sientìfiche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soe_contribussion_sientìfiche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Soe contribussion sientìfiche</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Soe_contribussion_sientìfiche-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Soe contribussion sientìfiche</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Soe_contribussion_sientìfiche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Matemàtica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matemàtica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Matemàtica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Matemàtica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Na_metafìsica_rassionalìstica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Na_metafìsica_rassionalìstica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>Na metafìsica rassionalìstica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Na_metafìsica_rassionalìstica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filosofìa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filosofìa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Filosofìa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filosofìa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-La_stra_lògica_a_la_nossion_ëd_sostansa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_stra_lògica_a_la_nossion_ëd_sostansa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>La stra lògica a la nossion ëd sostansa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_stra_lògica_a_la_nossion_ëd_sostansa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Le_preuve_dl'esistensa_ëd_Dé" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Le_preuve_dl'esistensa_ëd_Dé"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.2</span> <span>Le preuve dl'esistensa ëd Dé</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Le_preuve_dl'esistensa_ëd_Dé-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_mònad_e_l'armonìa_preordinà" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_mònad_e_l'armonìa_preordinà"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.3</span> <span>La mònad e l'armonìa preordinà</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_mònad_e_l'armonìa_preordinà-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_libertà" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_libertà"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.4</span> <span>La libertà</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_libertà-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_mal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_mal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.5</span> <span>La mal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_mal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soa_vision_ëd_la_natura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soa_vision_ëd_la_natura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.6</span> <span>Soa vision ëd la natura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soa_vision_ëd_la_natura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_gnoseologìa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_gnoseologìa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.7</span> <span>La gnoseologìa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_gnoseologìa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Àutre_contribussion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Àutre_contribussion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Àutre contribussion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Àutre_contribussion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_pòrto_sò_nòm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_pòrto_sò_nòm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>A pòrto sò nòm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_pòrto_sò_nòm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Euvre_prinsipaj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Euvre_prinsipaj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Euvre prinsipaj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Euvre_prinsipaj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gottfried Leibniz</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 152 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-152" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">152 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%8C%E1%89%A5%E1%8A%92%E1%89%B5%E1%8B%9D" title="ሌብኒትዝ - amarico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሌብኒትዝ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amarico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="غوتفريد لايبنتس - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غوتفريد لايبنتس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="لايبنيتس - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لايبنيتس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C" title="গটফ্ৰিড উইলহেল্ম লেইবনিজ - assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="গটফ্ৰিড উইলহেল্ম লেইবনিজ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qotfrid_Leybnits" title="Qotfrid Leybnits - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qotfrid Leybnits" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="قوتفرید لایبنیتس - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قوتفرید لایبنیتس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Готфрид Лейбниц - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Готфрид Лейбниц" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guotfr%C4%ABds_Leibn%C4%97cos" title="Guotfrīds Leibnėcos - samogitico" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Guotfrīds Leibnėcos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86" title="Готфрыд Лейбніц - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Готфрыд Лейбніц" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86" title="Готфрыд Ляйбніц - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Готфрыд Ляйбніц" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Готфрид Лайбниц - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Готфрид Лайбниц" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C" title="गॉटफ्रीड विल्हेम लाइब्नित्ज - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="गॉटफ्रीड विल्हेम लाइब्नित्ज" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%9F%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8" title="গট‌ফ্রিড ভিলহেল্ম লাইব‌নিৎস - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গট‌ফ্রিড ভিলহেল্ম লাইব‌নিৎস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhem_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhem Leibniz - Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Gottfried Wilhem Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Готфрид Вильгельм Лейбниц - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Готфрид Вильгельм Лейбниц" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86,_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC" title="Лейбниц, Готфрид Вильгельм - ceceno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Лейбниц, Готфрид Вильгельм" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ceceno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="گۆتفرید لایبنیتس - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گۆتفرید لایبنیتس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - corso" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86,_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC" title="Лейбниц, Готфрид Вильгельм - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Лейбниц, Готфрид Вильгельм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - basso sorabo" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="basso sorabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%86%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%92%CE%AF%CE%BB%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BC_%CE%9B%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%82" title="Γκότφριντ Βίλχελμ Λάιμπνιτς - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκότφριντ Βίλχελμ Λάιμπνιτς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="گوتفریت لایبنیتس - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گوتفریت لایبنیتس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - friulano" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - frisone occidentale" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisone occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%98%E5%B0%BC%E8%8C%B2" title="臘尼茲 - gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="臘尼茲" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibnitz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz - gaelico scozzese" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelico scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%9D_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A5" title="גוטפריד וילהלם לייבניץ - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גוטפריד וילהלם לייבניץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC" title="गॉटफ्रीड लाइब्निज़ - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गॉटफ्रीड लाइब्निज़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - hindi figiano" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - alto sorabo" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alto sorabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B8%D5%A9%D6%86%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A4_%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A2%D5%B6%D5%AB%D6%81" title="Գոթֆրիդ Լայբնից - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գոթֆրիդ Լայբնից" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_von_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_von_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz - italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B4%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%97%E3%83%8B%E3%83%83%E3%83%84" title="ゴットフリート・ライプニッツ - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゴットフリート・ライプニッツ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatfriid_Laibnits" title="Gatfriid Laibnits - creolo giamaicano" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Gatfriid Laibnits" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="creolo giamaicano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%93_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98" title="გოტფრიდ ლაიბნიცი - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გოტფრიდ ლაიბნიცი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotfrid_Leybnic" title="Gotfrid Leybnic - kara-kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Gotfrid Leybnic" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="kara-kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Готфрид Вильгельм Лейбниц - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Готфрид Вильгельм Лейбниц" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99_%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%98_%E1%9E%A1%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8" title="ហ្គុតហ្វ្រាយ វីលហេម ឡែបនី - khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ហ្គុតហ្វ្រាយ វីលហេម ឡែបនី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D" title="ಗಾಟ್ಫ್ರೈಡ್ ವಿಲ್ಹೆಲ್ಮ್ ಲೆಬ್ನಿಜ್ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಾಟ್ಫ್ರೈಡ್ ವಿಲ್ಹೆಲ್ಮ್ ಲೆಬ್ನಿಜ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%ED%8A%B8%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B9%8C%ED%97%AC%EB%A6%84_%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%ED%94%84%EB%8B%88%EC%B8%A0" title="고트프리트 빌헬름 라이프니츠 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고트프리트 빌헬름 라이프니츠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - cornico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Готфрид Вильгельм Лейбниц - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Готфрид Вильгельм Лейбниц" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godefridus_Guilielmus_Leibnitius" title="Godefridus Guilielmus Leibnitius - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Godefridus Guilielmus Leibnitius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - giudeo-spagnolo" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="giudeo-spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotfr%C4%ABds_Leibnics" title="Gotfrīds Leibnics - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gotfrīds Leibnics" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Готфрид Вилхелм Лајбниц - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Готфрид Вилхелм Лајбниц" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഗോട്ട്ഫ്രൈഡ് ലെയ്ബ്നിസ് - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗോട്ട്ഫ്രൈഡ് ലെയ്ബ്നിസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Готфрид Лейбниц - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Готфрид Лейбниц" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="गॉटफ्रीड लाइब्नित्स - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गॉटफ्रीड लाइब्नित्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86,_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC" title="Лейбниц, Готфрид Вильгельм - mari occidentale" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Лейбниц, Готфрид Вильгельм" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B7%E1%80%96%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%92%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9F%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ဂေါ့ဖရိဒ် ဝီလ်ဟမ် လိုက်ဘနစ် - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂေါ့ဖရိဒ် ဝီလ်ဟမ် လိုက်ဘနစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="گوتفرید لایبنیتز - mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گوتفرید لایبنیتز" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D" title="गट्फ्राइड लीब्निज् - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="गट्फ्राइड लीब्निज्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gootfiriid_Viilhelmi_Laayibiniiz" title="Gootfiriid Viilhelmi Laayibiniiz - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Gootfiriid Viilhelmi Laayibiniiz" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC" title="ਗੌਟਫ਼ਰੀਡ ਲਾਇਬਨਿਜ਼ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੌਟਫ਼ਰੀਡ ਲਾਇਬਨਿਜ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2" title="گوٹفرائیڈ لیبنز - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گوٹفرائیڈ لیبنز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AB%D9%88%D9%BC%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%89_%D9%88%DB%90%D9%84%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%90%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="ګوټفرېډ وېلهلم لایبنېتس - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ګوټفرېډ وېلهلم لایبنېتس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_von_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86,_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC" title="Лейбниц, Готфрид Вильгельм - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лейбниц, Готфрид Вильгельм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86" title="Ґотфрід Вільгельм Лейбніц - ruteno" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґотфрід Вільгельм Лейбніц" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruteno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D" title="गाटफ्रीड् लैबनिट्ज् - sanscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="गाटफ्रीड् लैबनिट्ज्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Готфрид Лейбниц - sacha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Готфрид Лейбниц" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sacha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - scozzese" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%86%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="ගොට්ෆ්‍රයිඩ් ලෙයිබ්නිස් - singalese" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගොට්ෆ්‍රයිඩ් ලෙයිබ්නිස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotfrid_Lajbnici" title="Gotfrid Lajbnici - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gotfrid Lajbnici" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Готфрид Вилхелм Лајбниц - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Готфрид Вилхелм Лајбниц" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="கோட்பிரீட் லைப்னிட்ஸ் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கோட்பிரீட் லைப்னிட்ஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D" title="గాట్‌ఫ్రైడ్ విల్‌హెల్మ్ లెబ్నిజ్ - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గాట్‌ఫ్రైడ్ విల్‌హెల్మ్ లెబ్నిజ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81" title="Готфрид Лейбнитс - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Готфрид Лейбнитс" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%97_%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C" title="ก็อทฟรีท วิลเฮ็ล์ม ไลบ์นิทซ์ - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ก็อทฟรีท วิลเฮ็ล์ม ไลบ์นิทซ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Готфрид Лейбниц - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Готфрид Лейбниц" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86" title="Готфрід Вільгельм Лейбніц - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Готфрід Вільгельм Лейбніц" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%81%D9%85_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="گوٹفریڈ ویلہم لائبنیز - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گوٹفریڈ ویلہم لائبنیز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibnic_Gotfrid_Vil%27gel%27m" title="Leibnic Gotfrid Vil'gel'm - vepso" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Leibnic Gotfrid Vil'gel'm" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%88%E7%89%B9%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%BC%E8%8C%A8" title="戈特弗里德·莱布尼茨 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="戈特弗里德·莱布尼茨" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%93_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98" title="გოტფრიდ ლაიბნიცი - mengrelio" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გოტფრიდ ლაიბნიცი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mengrelio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%9D_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A5" title="גאטפריד ווילהעלם לייבניץ - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גאטפריד ווילהעלם לייבניץ" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%88%E7%89%B9%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%BC%E8%8C%A8" title="戈特弗里德·莱布尼茨 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="戈特弗里德·莱布尼茨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gottfried Leibniz" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E8%8F%B2%E8%BF%AA%C2%B7%E8%90%8A%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%BC%E8%8C%B2" title="郭菲迪·萊布尼茲 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="郭菲迪·萊布尼茲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9047#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifiché le liure antërlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modifiché j'anliure</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spassi nominaj"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Vardé la pàgina ëd contnù. [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artìcol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussion:Gottfried_Leibniz&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion ansima a sta pàgina ëd contnù. (pàgina ch'a esist pa) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Piemontèis</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="vìsite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz"><span>Lese</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&veaction=edit" title="Modifiché costa pàgina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifiché</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=edit" title="Modifiché ël còdes sorgiss ëd sa pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifiché la sorgiss</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=history" title="Veje version dla pàgina. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Smon-e la stòria</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="utiss" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">utiss</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz"><span>Lese</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&veaction=edit" title="Modifiché costa pàgina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifiché</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=edit" title="Modifiché ël còdes sorgiss ëd sa pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifiché la sorgiss</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=history"><span>Smon-e la stòria</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:PuntanoQui/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Lista ëd tute le pàgine dla wiki che a men-o ambelessì. 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border:solid blue 1px; margin: 1px;"> <table cellspacing="0" style="border:solid red 1px; margin: 1px; width: 448px; background: lightblue;"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="3" style="width: 45px; height: 28px; text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Figura:Drap%C3%B2_piemont%C3%A8is.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/c/cb/Drap%C3%B2_piemont%C3%A8is.png/78px-Drap%C3%B2_piemont%C3%A8is.png" decoding="async" width="78" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/c/cb/Drap%C3%B2_piemont%C3%A8is.png/117px-Drap%C3%B2_piemont%C3%A8is.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/c/cb/Drap%C3%B2_piemont%C3%A8is.png/156px-Drap%C3%B2_piemont%C3%A8is.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="571" /></a></span></td> <td style="font-size: 11pt; padding: 2pt 0pt 0pt 4pt; line-height: 1em; color: black;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vos</a> an <a href="/wiki/Lenga_piemont%C3%A8isa" title="Lenga piemontèisa">lenga piemontèisa</a></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 8pt; padding: 1pt 0pt 0pt 4pt; line-height: 1.25em; color: black;">Për amprende a dovré 'l sistema dle parlà locaj <a href="/wiki/Agiut:Parl%C3%A0_locaj" title="Agiut:Parlà locaj">ch'a varda sì</a>.</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <table style="float:left; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Figura:Gottfried_Wilhelm_von_Leibniz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Gottfried_Wilhelm_von_Leibniz.jpg/200px-Gottfried_Wilhelm_von_Leibniz.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Gottfried_Wilhelm_von_Leibniz.jpg/300px-Gottfried_Wilhelm_von_Leibniz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Gottfried_Wilhelm_von_Leibniz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz</b> (o <b>Leibnitz</b>, <b>von Leibniz</b>) a l'é stàit filòsof rassionalista, matemàtich e òm dë stat. Sò pensé a l'ha avù n'anfluensa ancreusa ansima a tuta la <a href="/wiki/Filosof%C3%ACa" title="Filosofìa">filosofìa</a> europenga ch'a l'é vnuje apress. A l'era nassù a <a href="/wiki/Lipsia" title="Lipsia">Lipsia</a> ël 1 ëd luj dël 1646 e a l'é mòrt a <a href="/wiki/Hannover" title="Hannover">Hannover</a> ij 14 ëd novèmber dël 1716. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_gioventura">La gioventura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&veaction=edit&section=1" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: La gioventura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: La gioventura"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A vnisìa da na famija nòbila e coltivà e a l'é chërsù an n'atmosfera rica d'erudission: tre generassion ëd sò cé a l'avìo travajà për ël goern ëd <a href="/wiki/Sass%C3%B2nia" title="Sassònia">Sassònia</a>; sò pare e sò grand ëd mare a j'ero professor universitari. Anlevà da sò pare protestant ant n'atmosfera rica ëd sens religios, già da masnà Leibniz a dimostrava notèivoj capassità d'amprende; da cit a l'era stàit mandà a la scòla Nicolai ëd Lipsia e da cand ch'a l'avìa ses agn a passava bomben ëd <a href="/wiki/Temp" title="Temp">temp</a> a lese ant la biblioteca ëd sò pare.<br /> Da sò pare, mòrt dël 1652, Leibniz a l'avìa ardità la passion për jë studi stòrich. A eut agn a l'ha amprendù ël <a href="/wiki/Lenga_latin-a" title="Lenga latin-a">latin</a>; ancor prima ëd compie dódes agn a l'era bel fé për chiel lese an latin e a l'avìa ancaminà a studié ël <a href="/wiki/Grech_antich" title="Grech antich">grech</a>. A l'era ëdcò bon a scrive dij vers an latin.<br /> Apress esse formasse n'educassion dzortut umanìstica, a quìndes agn a intra a l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Universit%C3%A0_%C3%ABd_Lipsia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Università ëd Lipsia (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Università ëd Lipsia</a> 'me student an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drit (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">drit</a>, filosofìa (sota <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Thomasius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jakob Thomasius (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Jakob Thomasius</a>) e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teolog%C3%ACa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teologìa (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">teologìa</a>, anteressand-se a problema 'd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%ACsica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metafìsica (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">metafìsica</a>. A oten ël bacelierà dël 1663 con la tesi <i>De principio individui</i>, anté ch'a difend la dutrin-a nominalìstica che l'andividualità a l'é constituìa da tuta l'entità o essensa 'd na còsa.<br /> Durant ij prim doi agn a l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0" title="Università">università</a> a les un përfond d'euvre filosòfiche e a fa conossensa con le dëscuverte dj'ansidit <i>filòsof naturaj</i> dël temp: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Kepler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galilei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">Descartes</a>. An rendendse cont che costa neuva filosofìa a podìa pa esse capìa sensa conòsse la <a href="/wiki/Matem%C3%A0tica" title="Matemàtica">matemàtica</a>, Leibniz a passa l'istà dël 1663 a l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Universit%C3%A0_%C3%ABd_Jen-a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Università ëd Jen-a (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">università ëd Jen-a</a> anté ch'a frequenta ij cors ëd matemàtica d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Erhard_Weigel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erhard Weigel (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Erhard Weigel</a>.<br /> Rintrà a Lipsia a l'é torna dasse al drit. </p><p>Già ant ël prim perìod ëd soa produssion a-i son tant ëscrit ëd caràter giurìdich ('me <i>Disputatio juridica de conditionibus</i>, 1665; <i>Disputatio de causibus perplexis in jure</i>; 1666) che arserche ant ël camp ëd la <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%B2gica_matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lògica matemàtica (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">lògica</a> e dla matemàtica (<i>Dissertatio de arte combinatorica</i>, 1666). Dël 1666 la facoltà ëd Lipsia a j'arfuda la nòmina a dotor: la rason ofissial a l'é ch'a l'era tròp giovo. Antlora chiel a chita soa sità e a tramuda a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Noremberga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noremberga (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Noremberga</a>, andoa che an novèmber dël 1666 a passa sò dotorà a l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Universit%C3%A0_d%27Altdorf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Università d'Altdorf (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Università d'Altdorf</a> con na memòria an s'un neuv métod, stòrich, ëd mostré ël drit (<i>Nova methodo docendi discendique juris</i>). An Altdorf a-j eufro na càtedra ëd drit, ma chiel a l'arfuda. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L'angagg_pùblich"><span id="L.27angagg_p.C3.B9blich"></span>L'angagg pùblich</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&veaction=edit&section=2" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: L'angagg pùblich" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: L'angagg pùblich"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Për tuta la vita Leibniz a cobia ai sò studi n'infatigàbil atività pùblica (dzortut polìtica e diplomàtica) che, bele che soens compagnà da na candidità utopìstica, a rendìa cont ëd soa vision fondamental dël savèj, conforma a la qual ël patrimòni dle conossense sientìfiche a dev avèj për but ël progress ëd la sossietà sivil. Sòn a s-ciairiss da na part l'anteresse ch'a l'avìa për j'inovassion tecnològiche gropà al dësvlup ëd la <a href="/wiki/Siensa" title="Siensa">siensa</a> (për esempi, a l'ha travajà chiel-midem a la progetassion ëd màchine për fé ij cont: soa <a href="/wiki/Calcolatris" title="Calcolatris">calcolatris</a> a podìa fé d'<a href="/wiki/Operassion" title="Operassion">operassion</a> pì complicà che cola ëd <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Pascal</a>), da l'àutra jë studi da chiel ëmnà ant la <a href="/wiki/Filolog%C3%ACa" title="Filologìa">filologìa</a> e la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Storiograf%C3%ACa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Storiografìa (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">storiografìa</a> ch'a l'avìo d'amplicassion polìtiche, adressà a fortì l'unità stòrica e coltural ëd la nassion alman-a. An efet, da banda dj'ideaj universalista ch'a vëddìo ant la consiliassion religiosa un passage obligà për l'aprocesse dij pòpoj, Leibniz a cudìa ëdcò l'ideal dl'unificassion dl'<a href="/wiki/Germania" class="mw-redirect" title="Germania">Almagna</a>. </p><p>An visitand Noremberga, a l'avìa fàit conossensa con <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Christian_von_Boyneburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan Christian von Boyneburg (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Johan Christian von Boyneburg</a>, ch'a l'era stàit prim ministr dl'eletor ëd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magonza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magonza (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Magonza</a>; Leibniz a dventa consijé a la canselerìa ëd cort dl'eletor ëd Magonza dël 1667, cand a l'era andàit a smonje sò <i>Nova methodo docendi discendique juris</i>. Cost ancàrich a l'era l'ocasion ëd buté an pràtica sò ideaj polìtich. Soa atività a ancamin-a con l'ancàrich d'assistent a la revision dlë statù.<br /> Dël 1669 la coron-a ëd <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%B2nia" title="Polònia">Polònia</a> a l'era vnùita vacanta e Leibniz a l'é stàit ancarià ëd sosten-e le rason ëd na candidadura alman-a. Antlora a scriv <i>Specimen demonstrationum politicarum pro rege Polonorum eligendo</i>, anté ch'a serca ëd dé na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimostrassion_matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimostrassion matemàtica (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">dimostrassion matemàtica</a> ch'a l'era ant l'anteresse dla Polònia d'avèj ël cont ëd Neuburg tanme re; a la fin a l'é però elegiù un prinsi polonèis.<br /> Ant në scrit dël 1670 Leibniz a possa për la creassion ëd n'antèisa për protege l'Almagna e a fortiss che jë stat europengh a dovìo dovré soa potensa nen an combatend-se an tra 'd lor, ma për conquisté ël mond nen cristian.<br /> Soa atività pùblica a l'avrà sò pont pi àut ant ël 1672 con la mission diplomàtica mnà da chiel a <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, su anvit dël segretari dë stat ëd <a href="/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa">Fransa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Arnauld_de_Pomponne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Arnauld de Pomponne (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Simon Arnauld de Pomponne</a>, për convince <a href="/wiki/Luis_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis XIV">Luis XIV</a> a conquisté l'<a href="/wiki/Egit" title="Egit">Egit</a>, arnonsiand parèj a l'anvasion dl'<a href="/wiki/Pais_Bass" title="Pais Bass">Olanda</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ël_perìod_ëd_produssion_pì_bondosa"><span id=".C3.8Bl_per.C3.ACod_.C3.ABd_produssion_p.C3.AC_bondosa"></span>Ël perìod ëd produssion pì bondosa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&veaction=edit&section=3" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Ël perìod ëd produssion pì bondosa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Ël perìod ëd produssion pì bondosa"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sò perìod a Paris, durà fin-a al 1676, a l'é stàit un faliment për soa mission diplomàtica, ma motobin drù da na mira filosòfica e sientìfica. A l'é an coj agn che Leibniz a fa conossensa con <a href="/w/index.php?title=A._Arnauld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. Arnauld (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">A. Arnauld</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=N._Malebranche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N. Malebranche (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">N. Malebranche</a>, a aprofondiss ël cartesianésim (dont a dirà soèns ch'a l'é ël vestìbol dla verità, ma mach ël vestìbol) e a fa amicissia con <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens" title="Christiaan Huygens">Christiaan Huygens</a>, ch'a armarca sò talent matemàtich e a l'ancoragia a studié. A ancamin-a antlora ël perìod pì fiamengh ëd soa atività ant la matemàtica e la <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ACsica" title="Fìsica">fìsica</a>.<br /> Da gené a mars 1673 a fa un viage a <a href="/wiki/Londra" title="Londra">Londra</a> an mission diplomàtica për l'eletor ëd Magonza; a strenz amicissia con <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oldenburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oldenburg (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Oldenburg</a>, segretari dla <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Society (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Royal Society</a>, col chìmich <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boyle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boyle (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Boyle</a> e 'l matemàtich <a href="/wiki/John_Pell" title="John Pell">Pell</a>. An avril a dventa mèmber dla Royal Society.<br /> Rintrà a Paris as dédica, guidà da Huygens, a studi ëd <a href="/wiki/Geometr%C3%ACa" title="Geometrìa">geometrìa</a> e a ancamin-a na serie d'anvestigassion ch'a lo menëran ant ël 1675-1676 a soa anvension dël <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A0lcol_diferensial" title="Càlcol diferensial">càlcol diferensial</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ant%C3%ABgral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antëgral (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">antëgral</a>. Sò travaj a l'é publicà dël 1684; <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Newton</a> a lo sospetrà d'avèj lesù sò manoscrit an sël càlcol diferensial e a-i nassrà na rusa su chi a l'avìa anventalo prima. </p><p>Dël 1673 a ancamin-a a travajé për ël duca <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gioann_Federich_%C3%ABd_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gioann Federich ëd Brunswick-Lüneburg (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Gioann Federich ëd Brunswick-Lüneburg</a>, con ël qual a l'avìa corëspondù ëd tansantan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L'artorn"><span id="L.27artorn"></span>L'artorn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&veaction=edit&section=4" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: L'artorn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: L'artorn"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dël 1676 ël duca a-j ciama ëd tramudé a <a href="/wiki/Hannover" title="Hannover">Hannover</a>, tanme bibliotecari ëd cort. An efet, ës travaj a l'era mach un pretest për podèj buté an tren vàire inissiative: fondassion d'arviste sientìfiche, anstitussion d'academie, progetassion d'arforme polìtiche e religiose. Leibniz as trasferiss, an passand prima për l'Olanda, anté ch'a rëncontra <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Spinoza</a>, e a fa conossensa con <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeuwenhoek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leeuwenhoek (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Leeuwenhoek</a>.<br /> Për quarant'agn, e sota tre prinsi 'd fila, Leibniz a resta al servissi dla <a href="/w/index.php?title=Famija_Brunswick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Famija Brunswick (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">famija Brunswick</a>, dont a l'é ëdcò ancarià dë studié la genealogìa, lòn ch'a lo ten fòrt ocupà e ch'a-j fa chité për un pòch sò travaj sientìfich. Lòn ch'a l'é riussì a fé sl'argoment a sarà publicà ant ël 1843. An costi travaj a stabiliss j'orìgin comun-e dle famije Brunswick e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Este&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Este (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Este</a>. La stòria ëd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brunswick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brunswick (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Brunswick</a> midema a l'é stàit ël darié travaj ëd soa vita: a coata ël perìod 768-1005 e a l'é stàit anterompù da soa mòrt.<br /> Dël 1682 a fonda l'arvista <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acta_Eruditorum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acta Eruditorum (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Acta Eruditorum</a>.<br /> Dantorn al 1686 a l'era ampegnà al proget d'unifiché torna le cese <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesa_cat%C3%B2lica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cesa catòlica (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">catòlica</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cese_protestante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cese protestante (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">protestante</a>: ëd col ann a l'ha scrivù <i>Systema theologicum</i> anté ch'a serca ëd trové un teritòri comun ant lòn ch'a chërdo catòlich e protestant, ma as rend dlongh cont dle dificoltà. Gnanca l'àutr proget ch'a l'avìa ëd na reunion dle cese <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cese_arform%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cese arformà (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">arformà</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cese_luteran-e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cese luteran-e (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">luteran-e</a> a l'ha avù pì gran sucess.<br /> Dël 1690 a l'é nominà bibliotecari a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfenb%C3%BCttel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfenbüttel (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Wolfenbüttel</a> dal duca <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ant%C3%B2ni_%C3%ABd_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antòni ëd Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Antòni ëd Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a>. Ant ël 1699 a dventa mèmber ëd l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_dle_Siense_%C3%ABd_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia dle Siense ëd Paris (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Academia dle Siense ëd Paris</a> (prim mèmber ëstrangé), l'ann apress consijé dl'eletor ëd <a href="/wiki/Brandeborgh" title="Brandeborgh">Brandeborgh</a>. J'11 ëd luj dël 1700 a l'é fondà l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Akademie_der_Wissenschaften&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akademie der Wissenschaften (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Akademie der Wissenschaften</a> ëd <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, che chiel a l'avìa progetà e dont a dventa pressident a vita. Dël 1711 a l'é consijé segret ëd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pero_%C3%ABl_Grand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pero ël Grand (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Pero ël Grand</a> e dl'amperador <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopold_d%27%C3%80ustria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leopold d'Àustria (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Leopold d'Àustria</a> e a l'é nominà baron dël <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacr_Roman_Amper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sacr Roman Amper (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Sacr Roman Amper</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_fin">La fin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&veaction=edit&section=5" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: La fin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: La fin"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ël darié perìod ëd soa vita, già dai prim agn dël Setsent, a l'é sombr. Ij sò rapòrt con la ca dij Hanover a j'ero vastasse e a l'era slontanasse da la comunità sientìfica për soa rusa con Newton. La Royal Society a lo acusava d'avèj copià. Si da na part a l'é vera che an soa memòria dël 1684 Leibniz a l'avìa pà mensionà Newton, bele s'a l'era a conossensa 'd sò travaj as pensa ch'a sia rivà an manera indipendenta ai sò arzultà, ch'a vnisìo da na vision teòrica pì spantià e dont la formulassion a l'era mej. </p><p>Ant ij darié agn a l'era vnùit malavi, ma a l'avìa goernà la fòrsa 'd travajé. A l'é mòrt sol e a soa sepoltura a l'é andaje mach sò segretari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eckhart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eckhart (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Eckhart</a>. A l'era mai mariasse e a l'ha avù gnun-e masnà. </p><p>Dël 1883 a l'han alvaje na statua a Lipsia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sò_caràter"><span id="S.C3.B2_car.C3.A0ter"></span>Sò caràter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&veaction=edit&section=6" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Sò caràter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Sò caràter"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leibniz a l'era bon a travajé tant e an pressa; ëdcò an camin ch'a viagiava a passava sò temp a arzòlve 'd problema matemàtich.<br /> A l'é descrivù tanme moderà an soe costume, tolerant ma pront a dëscute. A-j piasìa arsèive j'onor e as dis ch'a fussa ëdcò tachign. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soe_contribussion_sientìfiche"><span id="Soe_contribussion_sient.C3.ACfiche"></span>Soe contribussion sientìfiche</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&veaction=edit&section=7" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Soe contribussion sientìfiche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Soe contribussion sientìfiche"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ël pensé ëd Leibniz a forma na totalità orgànica dont ij vàire aspet (lògica, metafìsica, matemàtica e via fòrt) a son colegà. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Matemàtica"><span id="Matem.C3.A0tica"></span>Matemàtica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&veaction=edit&section=8" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Matemàtica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Matemàtica"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A l'adoss la formassion ëd Leibniz a l'era pà matemàtica. Apress sò rëncontr con Huygens, a les j'euvre ëd Pascal, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Fran%C3%A7ois_Walter_de_Sluse" title="René François Walter de Sluse">Sluse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_de_Saint-Vincent" title="Grégoire de Saint-Vincent">Grégoire de Saint-Vincent</a>. Për Leibniz la matemàtica a resta pà mach n'utiss. So nòm a l'é dzortut gropà al càlcol diferensial e a l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=An%C3%A0lisi_combinat%C3%B2ria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anàlisi combinatòria (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">anàlisi combinatòria</a>.<br /> Huygens a-j ciama ëd trové la soma dij <a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%B9mer_triangolar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nùmer triangolar (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">nùmer triangolar</a>: Leibniz a armarca che <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {2}{n(n+1)}}={\frac {2}{n}}-{\frac {2}{n+1}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>2</mn> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>2</mn> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {2}{n(n+1)}}={\frac {2}{n}}-{\frac {2}{n+1}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/664856b626826b791b21fae0f60afd7abd4e43b8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:23.841ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {2}{n(n+1)}}={\frac {2}{n}}-{\frac {2}{n+1}}}"></span> e a treuva parèj ch'a fa 2. Antlora as passion-a a lë studi dle <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serie (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">serie</a> numériche e a antërpreta j'arzultà ant ël quàder dj'arserche an sle <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadradure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quadradure (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">quadradure</a>, visadì ël cont ëd la <a href="/wiki/Surfassa" title="Surfassa">surfassa</a> ch'a sta sota na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Curva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curva (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">curva</a>. Un dij sò arzultà, dle vire atribuì a <a href="/wiki/James_Gregory" title="James Gregory">James Gregory</a>, a l'é che <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\pi }{4}}=1-{\frac {1}{3}}+{\frac {1}{5}}-{\frac {1}{7}}+{\frac {1}{9}}-{\frac {1}{11}}+\ldots }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>π</mi> <mn>4</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>5</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>7</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>9</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>11</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mo>…</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\pi }{4}}=1-{\frac {1}{3}}+{\frac {1}{5}}-{\frac {1}{7}}+{\frac {1}{9}}-{\frac {1}{11}}+\ldots }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f18d201b14126ae46c887f932f051cbf55442416" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:37.35ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\pi }{4}}=1-{\frac {1}{3}}+{\frac {1}{5}}-{\frac {1}{7}}+{\frac {1}{9}}-{\frac {1}{11}}+\ldots }"></span><br /> Ij sò rasonament a stërmo lë bzògn d'un passage al <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ACmit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lìmit (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">lìmit</a> e a ventrà speté fin-a al 1961 për che <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Robinson" title="Abraham Robinson">Robinson</a> a daga na giustificassion sòlida a j'infinitesimaj, ant ël quàder dl'<a href="/w/index.php?title=An%C3%A0lisi_nen_standard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anàlisi nen standard (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">anàlisi nen standard</a>. </p><p>Leibinz a l'avìa tavòta ël crussi d'esse bin capì e a l'é, ansema a <a href="/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler">Euler</a> ël pì gran creator ëd notassion matemàtiche, ch'as deuvro ancor dël di d'ancheuj: a antroduv d - abreviassion ëd <i>diferensa</i> - për la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diferensiassion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diferensiassion (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">diferensiassion</a>, la notassion <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {dy}{dx}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {dy}{dx}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5ceb16b58a91d26cf1e442d0682dfa7a2c0ab72c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:3.382ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {dy}{dx}}}"></span>, ël sìmbol <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \int }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>∫</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \int }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ca732e5519cd2210bd59f1ab281b4e8f5a6a4413" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:2.194ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \int }"></span>, ch'a l'é la litra <i>s</i> dij sò temp, inissial dla paròla latin-a <i>summa</i>. A l'é 'l prim a dovré ëd fasson sistemàtica ël pontin për la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiplicassion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multiplicassion (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">multiplicassion</a>, ij doi pontin : për la division, e a l'é mersì a chiel e a Newton che l'usage dël sign = ëd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Recorde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recorde (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Recorde</a> a së spantia. A l'é 'l prim ch'a deuvra la paròla <i>fonsion</i>.<br /> A studia j'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Equassion_diferensiaj_linear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Equassion diferensiaj linear (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">equassion diferensiaj linear</a> e për fé sòn a l'é 'l prim ch'a utilisa la nossion ëd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Determinant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Determinant (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">determinant</a>. Ant l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80lgebra" title="Àlgebra">àlgebra</a> a l'ha studià ij <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_d%27equassion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistema d'equassion (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">sistema d'equassion</a> ëd prim gré. As dev ëdcò a chiel la <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B3rmola_d%C3%ABl_multin%C3%B2mi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fórmola dël multinòmi (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">fórmola dël multinòmi</a>, dësvlup ëd <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (x+y+z)^{3}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>z</mi> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (x+y+z)^{3}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aa9f0751c5ab2ac2f5556c5d5edea73a0cee3dcc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.118ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (x+y+z)^{3}}"></span>. </p><p>Dël 1683 a dimostra che tuti ij <a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%B9mer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nùmer (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">nùmer</a> dla forma <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n^{k}-n}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n^{k}-n}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/68571c10f1111180a15051523215524fefeecc8b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:6.719ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n^{k}-n}"></span> a son divisìbij për k si k a l'é 'n <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B9mer_prim" title="Nùmer prim">nùmer prim</a>. </p><p>Leibniz a l'é ëdcò anventor dël <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_binari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistema binari (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">sistema binari</a>, ch'a l'é a l'adoss dij modern ordinator. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Na_metafìsica_rassionalìstica"><span id="Na_metaf.C3.ACsica_rassional.C3.ACstica"></span>Na metafìsica rassionalìstica</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&veaction=edit&section=9" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Na metafìsica rassionalìstica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Na metafìsica rassionalìstica"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leibniz a arconòss na relassion d'<a href="/wiki/Isomorfism" title="Isomorfism">isomorfism</a> an tra pensé e lengage. Un dij problema ansima ai quaj as concentra 'd pì ant j'agn ëd soa gioventura, e che d'àutra part a restrà sempe al sènter ëd soa riflession, a l'é col ëd la costrussion ëd na lenga universal e d'un sistema universal ëd rasonament, visadì na lenga concepìa 'd fasson d'assossié sìmboj sempi a 'n cit ansem ëd concet sempi e d'esprime qualsëssìa concet pì complicà për mojen ëd sìmboj compless arzultant da 'd combinassion conveniente ëd sìmboj sempi.<br /> A assòcia a minca concet primitiv un nùmer prim e a minca concet compòst ël prodot dij nùmer dij concet primitiv ch'a lo compon-o; ma ij sò travaj, nen publicà, a rivo nen a na conclusion anteressanta. Un-a dle rason ëd sò faliment a l'é che Leibniz as rendìa pa bin cont ëd le limitassion dla lògica clàssica e a l'era convint che tut rasonament giust a fussa traduvìbil për mojen dij <a href="/wiki/Silogism" title="Silogism">silogism</a> catalogà da <a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B2til" title="Aristòtil">Aristòtil</a>.<br /> Ës proget d'<i>art combinatòria</i> a pija na ciàira ispirassion da na tradission metafìsica (soens davzin-a a vision ëd natura esotérica e màgica) ch'a armonta a <a href="/w/index.php?title=R._LLull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. LLull (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">R. LLull</a> e ch'a visa a arcostruì la strutura dl'univers antregh a parte da element o concet fondamentaj. La novità mnà da Leibniz a consist ant la rigorosa sistematicità dont a stabiliss l'ansem dij concet e soe relassion e, da na mira lenghìstica, ant ël tentativ ëd formalisé le laj sintàtiche ëd combinassion dij sign an arsercand d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Algoritm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algoritm (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">algoritm</a> convenient. Ant ës sens-sì l'arserca dl'ansidita caraterìstica universal as cobia con sò anteresse për j'aspet dij cont (an particolar dle <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dedussion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dedussion (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">dedussion</a>) dla lògica e pr'ij procediment formaj dla matemàtica, dzortut ëd l'àlgebra: për chiel, a l'é la dedussion lògica e formal ch'a forniss na fondassion për la matemàtica. </p><p>An efet, l'idèja che ël pensé dl'<a href="/wiki/%C3%92m" title="Òm">òm</a> a peula esse descrivù basand-se ansima a n'alfabet ëd sìmboj sempi regolà da liure sintàtiche rigorose a peul pà separesse da l'idèja ch'a esista un pur càlcol ëd le forme an general; parèj Leibniz a l'é mnà 'd na fasson natural a formolé n'esigensa ch'a sarà a la bas dij dësvlup ëd la lògica simbòlica moderna, visadì l'esigensa dl'assiomatisassion dël càlcol. Për Leibniz costa ampostassion a l'é nen limità a j'aspet lògich-formaj, ma a fa part ëd na vision dël real ch'a pògia tuta su na metafìsica rassionalìstica ch'a assigna a la realtà na strutura ideal ch'a coincid con l'essensa ëd <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Dé">Dé</a>. An efet, për Leibniz la lògica a l'é nen mach <i>ars demonstrandi</i>, visadì n'ansem ëd procedure ëd dedussion, ma ëdcò <i>ars inveniendi</i>, visadì na lògica dla dëscuverta e dl'anvension ch'a përmet d'intré andrinta a le còse. Parèj, l'arserca an sle proprietà formaj dla lògica e dla matemàtica a l'é da consideré part ëd na vision global ch'as fonda an sla metafìsica (e miraco ëdcò an sla teologìa).<br /> A studia na teorìa dl'àlgebra dla lògica, antroduvand l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adission (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">adission</a>, la multiplicassion, la <a href="/wiki/Negassion" title="Negassion">negassion</a> e la class veuida; a s'anteressa antlora a le <a href="/wiki/Relassion_binaria" title="Relassion binaria">relassion</a> astràite dont a studia simetrìa e transitività; a parla d'anclusion e ëd lòn che al di d'ancheuj as ciama na bijession.<br /> Leibniz a contìnua nen si studi e da vej sòn a sarà sò aringret. A ventrà speté ël <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9col_ch%27a_fa_XIX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sécol ch'a fa XIX (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">sécol ch'a fa XIX</a> e ij travaj ëd <a href="/wiki/George_Boole" title="George Boole">Boole</a> e <a href="/wiki/Augustus_de_Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus de Morgan">de Morgan</a>, e dël sécol apress coj ëd <a href="/wiki/Alfred_North_Whitehead" title="Alfred North Whitehead">Whitehead</a> e <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a>, për dësvlupé costa branca.<br /> J'idèje ëd Leibniz a l'han anfluensà ël <a href="/w/index.php?title=Programa_logicista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Programa logicista (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">programa logicista</a> ëd <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ludwig_Gottlob_Frege" title="Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege">Frege</a> e le dutrin-e ëd <a href="/wiki/Georg_Cantor" title="Georg Cantor">Cantor</a>. Un procediment diret e simbòlich ëd cost tipo për traté la geometrìa a l'é stàit anmaginà dël sécol ch'a fa XIX da <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Grassmann" title="Hermann Grassmann">Hermann Grassmann</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filosofìa"><span id="Filosof.C3.ACa"></span>Filosofìa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&veaction=edit&section=10" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Filosofìa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Filosofìa"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leibniz a l'é, ansema a René Descartes e Baruch Spinoza (dont a pija bon-a part ëd soa filosofìa an sl'ética), un dij grand rassionalista dël <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9col_ch%27a_fa_XVII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sécol ch'a fa XVII (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">sécol ch'a fa XVII</a>. Soa filosofìa as arfà a la tradission <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scol%C3%A0stica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scolàstica (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">scolàstica</a> ma a antìssipa ëdcò la lògica e l'anàlisi moderne. As manifesta dnans ëd tut an sò otimism. </p><p>Dël 1670 a l'ha scrivù na monografìa an slë stil filosòfich, antrodussion a n'edission d'<i>Anti-barbarus</i> ëd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nizolius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nizolius (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Nizolius</a>: esse precis e ciàir, a fortiss, a l'é lòn ch'a-i va ant lë stil filosòfich e la mej lenga për oten-e sòn a l'é l'<a href="/wiki/Lenga_tedesca" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenga tedesca">alman</a>.<br /> La pì part ëd sò travaj filosòfich a armonta a j'agn an tra 'l 1690 e ël 1716 e për la prima desen-a d'agn ij sò scrit an sl'argoment a son dzortut djë sbòss preliminar.<br /> Ij darié agn ëd soa vita a son dzortut amportant për soa corëspondensa con <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clarke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clarke (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Clarke</a>, anandià për ël desideri dla neuva argin-a d'Anghiltèra, a propòsit ëd Dé, l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80nima" title="Ànima">ànima</a>, lë <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spassi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spassi (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">spassi</a>, la durà. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_stra_lògica_a_la_nossion_ëd_sostansa"><span id="La_stra_l.C3.B2gica_a_la_nossion_.C3.ABd_sostansa"></span>La stra lògica a la nossion ëd sostansa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&veaction=edit&section=11" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: La stra lògica a la nossion ëd sostansa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: La stra lògica a la nossion ëd sostansa"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La conession an tra lògica e metafìsica a dà cont, almanch an part, dla liura an tra la teorìa dla proposission ëd Leibniz e ël concet ëd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sostansa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sostansa (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">sostansa</a>. Leibniz a arfuda la sostansa tanme estension, dagià che lòn ch'a l'é spantià as peul divid-se, mentre la caraterìstica essensial ëd la sostansa a l'é l'unità assolùa. A propon donca un concet ëd sostansa tanme <i>sènter ëd fòrsa</i>, ch'a trassend la dimension material dl'estension, combin ch'a n'é premëssa e fondament. Scond chiel tute le caraterìstiche dla natura estèisa (resistensa, moviment e via fòrt) a manifesto gnente d'àutr che l'assion ëd fòrse che, d'àutra part, a son nen ëmzuràbij dal pont ëd vista dl'estension corpòrea.<br /> Conforma a Leibniz, na proposission a l'é vera cand ël predicà a l'é contnù ant ël soget. L'idèja ëd Leibniz a l'é che ël soget a l'é 'n concet ëd na complessità infinìa, visadì un concet ëd n'oget andividual për ël qual a-i é na quantità infinìa ëd predicà ver. Ël prinsipi ëd Leibniz dl'indissernibilità dj'idéntich a fortiss an efet che oget idéntich a l'han precisaman le mideme proprietà: na nossion andividual a l'é gnente d'àutr che l'ansem ëd tuti ij predicà ver për cola sostansa.<br /> Leibniz a fa na distinsion an tra proposission necessarie (verità dla rason, visadì proposission dont la negassion a compòrta contradission, o proposission vere an tuti ij mond possìbij) e proposission contingente (verità ëd circostansa, visadì proposission dont la negassion a men-a nen a na contradission, o proposission vere an cost mond ma ch'a podrìo esse fàusse an d'àutri mond possìbij). Tutun, Russell a l'ha armarcà che la vision ëd Leibniz a portërìa a fortì che tute le proposission dla forma <i>soget-predicà</i> ch'a son vere a son ëdcò necessarie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Le_preuve_dl'esistensa_ëd_Dé"><span id="Le_preuve_dl.27esistensa_.C3.ABd_D.C3.A9"></span>Le preuve dl'esistensa ëd Dé</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&veaction=edit&section=12" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Le preuve dl'esistensa ëd Dé" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Le preuve dl'esistensa ëd Dé"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Për Leibniz a-i son quatr preuve dl'esistensa ëd Dé: l'argoment ontològich, l'argoment cosmològich, l'argoment ëd le verità eterne e l'argoment ëd l'armonìa preordinà. </p><p>L'argoment ontològich a pija la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Preuva_ontol%C3%B2gica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preuva ontològica (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">preuva ontològica</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Anselm_d%27Osta" title="Anselm d'Osta">Anselm d'Osta</a> e a la completa con la dimostrassion dla possibilità ëd Dé definì tanme l'esse pì perfet. </p><p>L'argoment cosmològich a fortiss che al mond tut a l'é contingent, visadì a sarìa possìbil da na mira lògica che a esistèissa nen, e sòn a val ëdcò për l'univers antegr. Scond Leibniz, tut a dev avèj na rason suficenta e la rason suficenta për l'univers a na dev esse fòra e costa-sì a l'é Dé. </p><p>L'argoment ëd le verità eterne a l'é ch'a dev ess-ie na rason për tut ël mond contingent e la rason a peul nen esse 'dcò chila contingenta, ma a venta sërchela an tra le verità eterne, visadì cole afermassion ch'a son sempe vere. Coste verità eterne a son pensé ant la ment ëd Dé. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_mònad_e_l'armonìa_preordinà"><span id="La_m.C3.B2nad_e_l.27armon.C3.ACa_preordin.C3.A0"></span>La mònad e l'armonìa preordinà</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&veaction=edit&section=13" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: La mònad e l'armonìa preordinà" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: La mònad e l'armonìa preordinà"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lòn che Leibniz a antend për nossion andividual a l'ha d'amplicassion amportante da na mira metafìsica. Da già che costa nossion a dev esse esaurienta, a na ven che conforma a Leibniz minca sostansa a l'é descrivìbil an manera autònoma e a forma parèj un mond a part, indipendent da minca àutra còsa, gavà che da Dé. A nass parèj ël concet ëd <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B2nad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mònad (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">mònad</a>, visadì na sostansa sempia, pà spantià, nen divisìbil, ch'a peul nen ësvanì e ch'a peul nen avèj na sorgiss natural, an podend mach ancaminé për creassion e finì anientà. Le mònad a son le sostanse andividuaj e sempie, sènter ëd fòrsa e d'atività, ant l'istess temp spirituaj e fondament ëd l'atività corpòrea. Ëd conseguensa a-i é nen manera dë spieghé 'me na mònad a peussa cangé o esse modificà an soa anteriorità da chèich àutra creatura: conforma a Leibniz le mònad a l'han pa dë fnestre a travers le quaj as peussa intré o seurte.<br /> Peul desse che la negassion ëd l'anterassion causal an tra le mònad a fussa un tentativ ëd risponde al problema dij rapòrt an tra còrp e ment, problema gropà a col dl'armonìa preordinà. Conforma al concet leibnissian d'<i>espression</i>, na còsa a na esprim n'àutra cand ch'a-i é un rapòrt regolar e costant an tra lòn ch'as dis dl'un-a e dl'àutra. La prerogativa 'd na mònad a l'é pròpe d'esprime lòn ch'a la sirconda, d'esse un pont ëd vista an sl'univers antegr: a l'é vera che la nossion andividual a l'é autosuficenta e a comprend tuti ij predicà ch'a la rësguardo, ma an creand le vàire mònad Nosgnor a l'ha rispetà ij prinsipi lògich an tnisend cont dle compatibilità ressìproche. Da sì l'imàgin avosà dël creator paragonà a n'arlogé che, an fabricand ij vàire orlòge, a na dispon ij mecanism an manera da oten-e n'acòrd perfet.<br /> Ij prinsipi che Nosgnor a l'ha rispetà an creand l'univers a son ëstàit da chiel sernù liberaman, ma d'àutra part e dagià che la perfession a l'é un-a dle caraterìstiche divin-e, Dé a l'ha crealo rispetand coj prinsipi che, si violà, a l'avrìo mnà a 'n mond contraditòri o caòtich. Tutun sòn a dà ancor nen cont ëd la rason përchè Nosgnor a l'abia creà pròpe cost mond, dagià che la ment divin-a a peul prevëdde na quantità infinìa d'àutri mond possìbij, mincadun sensa contradission. La rispòsta ëd Leibniz a l'é che ël creator a l'ha agì conforma al prinsipi dël mej, ch'a l'é ëd natura moral e pà lògica, lòn ch'a l'ha mnalo a serne ël mej dij mond possìbij: as trata ëd col mond ch'a conten la pì gran quantità d'essensa, ëd possibilità, visadì col anté ch'a-i é la pì gran quantità ëd còse compatìbij an tra 'd lor.<br /> Parèj, lòn che Leibniz a ciama <i>matemàtica divin-a</i> e ch'a l'é paragonàbil a 'n <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0lcol_combinat%C3%B2ri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Càlcol combinatòri (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">càlcol combinatòri</a> a l'ha mnà Nosgnor a serne col mond anté ch'a-i é la pì gran varietà ëd còse ant la manera pì sempia e eleganta. S'i pensoma ai diferent mond possìbij tanme a combinassion dë stat ëd còse, as peul antlora disse che Nosgnor a l'ha preveduje tuti e a l'ha sernù col ch'a l'é struturalman pì rich. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_libertà"><span id="La_libert.C3.A0"></span>La libertà</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&veaction=edit&section=14" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: La libertà" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: La libertà"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Costa vision a smonìa ëd dificoltà an relassion al problema dël <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ACber_giudissi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lìber giudissi (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">lìber giudissi</a>: 'me ch'a l'é possìbil buté d'acòrd la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Libert%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libertà (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">libertà</a> përsonal e la previdensa ëd Nosgnor? Leibniz a fa diferensa an tra necessità e sicurëssa. La prima a l'é na nossion definìbil an dij termo lògich: a l'é necessari tut lòn dont la negassion a men-a a na contradission. Nompà, la sicurëssa a l'é mach na modalità gnoseològica: Nosgnor a l'é sigur an partensa ëd lòn ch'a-i ancapitrà, ma sòn a gava gnente a la libertà dl'òm an tra le vàire sernie ch'a son nen contraditòrie. Leibniz a pògia ël concet ëd libertà ansima a col ëd possibilità e, ant l'istess temp, ëd contingensa: a l'é për decret ëd Nosgnor ch'a l'ha soasì pròpe cost mond che le còse a son andàite parèj, e nen për na necessità lògica, tant a l'é vera ch'a sarìa ëdcò concepìbil un cors dj'event diferent.<br /> A l'é parèj che Leibniz a sërca 'd fé front a j'aspet determinìstich ëd soa vision matematisanta dla <a href="/w/index.php?title=Creassion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Creassion (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">creassion</a> con na concession ativa dl'òm, an contraponend a j'ipòtesi fatalìstiche na vision che chiel a ciama cristian-a ëd destin: la fiusa dl'òm an Nosgnor a dev esse completa e lòn ch'a-i é 'd mej a l'é 'd vorèj lòn che chiel a fa. </p><p>Leibniz, tanme Spinoza, a fortiss che la libertà a consist a andé da press a la rason e la s-ciavensa a l'é andeje dapress a le passion. Ant l'amor un a treuva la gòj ant ël boneur ëd cheidun d'àutr e d'l'amor a-i ven-o la giustissia e la laj. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_mal">La mal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&veaction=edit&section=15" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: La mal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: La mal"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leibniz a dovìa dé na rason dl'esistensa dla mal ant ël mej dij mond possìbij. Con ës but, a marca na distinsion an tra tre qualità ëd mal: la <i>mal metafìsica</i>, o <i>imperfession</i>, vorsùa ëd fasson incondissionà da Dé tanme essensial a le creature; la <i>mal fìsica</i>, 'me 'l dolor, vorsùa 'd na fasson condissionà da Dé tanme punission o coma mojen për na bin pì granda; la <i>mal moral</i>, ël problema pì grand, che Leibniz a preuva a giustifiché an vàire manere, për esempi an fortend ch'a l'é mach permëttùa e nen vorsùa da Dé, përchè tutun un mond con la mal a resta mej ëd minca àutr mond possìbil. A venta però arconòsse che an costa manera Leibniz a dà pà na spiegassion convincenta dla chestion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Soa_vision_ëd_la_natura"><span id="Soa_vision_.C3.ABd_la_natura"></span>Soa vision ëd la natura</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&veaction=edit&section=16" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Soa vision ëd la natura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Soa vision ëd la natura"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An soa vision ëd la <a href="/wiki/Natura" title="Natura">natura</a>, che a consìdera tanme union ëd doi mond, col ëd j'òm e col dle còse, Leibniz a aceta l'ampostassion mecanicìstica dla fìsica dël Ses-sent, combin ch'a j'arconòssa nen d'esse l'ùnich livel possìbil d'arpresentassion, dagià che a peul dé cont mach dl'univers fenoménich. Da giovo Leibniz a aderiss ai prinsipi dla fìsica cartesian-a, dont as dëstaca viaman. Ant na litra dël 1669 a Jakob Thomasius a fortiss che la spiegassion mecànica dla natura për mojen ëd grandëssa, figura e moviment a l'é nen an contrast con la <i>Fìsica</i> d'Aristòtil, anté che chiel a treuva pi 'd verità che ant le <i>Meditassion</i> ëd Descartes. Tutun, an na monografìa dël 1668, a fortiss che coste qualità dij còrp a l'han da manca d'un prinsipi nen corporal, visadì Dé, për na spiegassion pì ancreusa.<br /> An <i>Hypotesis physica nova</i> (publicà dël 1671), d'acòrd con Descartes che ij fenòmeno corpòreo a van ëspiegà a parte dal moviment, a dësvlupa na spiegassion mecànica dla natura fortend che l'adoss d'ës moviment a l'é n'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89ter" title="Éter">éter</a> fin, ch'a smija a la <a href="/wiki/Lus" title="Lus">lus</a> o pitòst ch'a la costituiss, che an penetrand tuti ij còrp a l'é sorgiss dij fenòmeno dla <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravit%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gravità (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">gravità</a>, dl'<a href="/wiki/Elasticit%C3%A0" title="Elasticità">elasticità</a> e via fòrt.<br /> A la laj cartesian-a dla conservassion dla <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quantit%C3%A0_%27d_moviment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quantità 'd moviment (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">quantità 'd moviment</a> (prodot ëd <a href="/wiki/Massa_(f%C3%ACsica)" title="Massa (fìsica)">massa</a> për <a href="/wiki/Andi" title="Andi">andi</a>) Leibniz a contrapon la laj ëd conservassion dla fòrsa viva (o <a href="/wiki/Energ%C3%ACa" title="Energìa">energìa</a>: massa për ël quadrà dl'andi). Sòn a va pì d'acòrd con soa vision general dl'essensa dla <a href="/w/index.php?title=Materia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Materia (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">materia</a> tanme fòrsa, vision conforma a la qual la natura d'un còrp a consist nen an soa estension (concession cartesian-a dla materia tanme <i>res extensa</i>), ma an n'assion ch'as colega a soa estension: l'atività (sfòrs, o <i>conatus</i>) a l'é essensial a la sostansa. La materia a l'é concepìa tanme n'ansem d'angign infinitaman cit e minca angign a l'é 'n compless ëd mònad gropà ansema da na mònad dominanta; le realtà ch'i conossoma a son d'angign pì complicà ch'a arzulto da l'ansem ëd vàire angign particolar unificà da na neuva mònad dominanta superior, che ant l'òm a l'é l'ànima rassional. Da sì ëdcò sò arfud dla <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ACa_corporin-atom%C3%ACstica_dla_materia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorìa corporin-atomìstica dla materia (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">teorìa corporin-atomìstica dla materia</a> (che a l'ancamin a l'avìa acetà), colegà a soa vira a la vision dla natura 'me continuità: ant l'univers a esisto nen ëd passage brusch da në stat a sò contrari, përchè a-i é na quantità infinìa ëd cite nuanse. Costa teorìa a l'é colegà da Leibniz a la dutrin-a dl'armonìa preordinà.<br /> Oponend-se a Newton (che d'àutra part a acusava 'dcò ëd greva carensa filosòfica, përchè chiel-sì a arfudava ëd sërché na spiegassion metafìsica a la fòrsa gravitassional), Leibniz a bandon-a la vision dë spassi e temp tanme realtà indipendente: a dvento anvece fonsion ëd la fòrsa, anté ch'a l'é identificà la realtà sostansial pì genita. Lë spassi a l'é definì tanme <i>órdin ëd le còse coesistente</i>; ël temp 'me <i>órdin ëd le còse an sequensa</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_gnoseologìa"><span id="La_gnoseolog.C3.ACa"></span>La gnoseologìa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&veaction=edit&section=17" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: La gnoseologìa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: La gnoseologìa"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An contraposission a <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a>, conforma al qual tute le conossense a ven-o d'l'esperiensa, Leibniz a sosten la tesi dlë spoticism, fortend che ant l'ànima a l'é già presenta a livel potensial tuta la conossensa. Chila-sì as dësvlupa an passand da përcession disordinà e nen ciàire a idèje ciàire e vuajante. L'esperiensa a l'ha la fonsion, a travers la përcession, ëd dësvijé na potensialità ch'a l'é andrinta a la natura dl'ànima midema. Leibniz a sërca parèj ëd sodësfé le diferente esigense smonùe dal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rassionalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rassionalism (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">rassionalism</a> e da l'<a href="/wiki/Empirism" title="Empirism">empirism</a>. Për cost tentativ ëd fé na sìntesi ordinà dle doe opòste tendense dla filosofìa moderna, bele che sensa sucess, a l'era stàit considerà un dij pì amportant precursor dl'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Idealism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idealism (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">idealism</a> da la storiografìa ëd derivassion hegelian-a.<br /> Për Leibniz ij gré dël process ëd conossensa a son: la sempia <i>përcession</i>, ch'a corispond a la sensibilità pura e tanme sòn a l'é mach virtualità dël conòsse, amprendiment nen ciàir, incossent dij dàit; ël passage a l'<i>apërcession</i>, ch'a l'é la cossiensa dle përcession, për mojen dla qual as passa da la scurità a la ciairor dl'antelet; l'ulterior atività dl'antelet ch'a dëssern j'element, ch'a forma la përcession già ciàira e a na capiss le conession. An tra atività conossitiva sensorial e anteletual a-i é na diversità essensial ëd livel, ma ëdcò perfeta continuità e unità (conforma al prinsipi ëd continuità che scond chiel a marcia ant ël camp ëd la realtà antrega). Për giustifiché costa continuità ant ël process dla conossensa, Leibniz a antroduv ël concet ëd <i>cite përcession</i>, ch'a son cole përcession ch'a intro a compon-e le përcession ciàire, bele che daspërlor a son nebiose e confuse. Donca coste përcession da na part a son già na conossensa, ma da n'àutra a-l lo son ancor nen. Parèj la continuità dla conossensa as giustìfica tanme passage progressiv, antern a la conossensa midema, da l'incossensa fin-a a la conossensa ciàira e distinta. Antlora le mònad as peulo ordiné an na gerarchìa determinà dal livel d'arpresentassion dël mond: da cole ch'a l'han n'arpresentassion dël mond pì confusa, fin-a a Dé, ch'a l'é la mònad màssima, cola ch'a l'ha l'arpresentassion dël mond pì ciàira e distinta. Minca mònad a l'é në specc ëd l'univers an soa totalità, ma mincadun-a da sò pont ëd vista. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Àutre_contribussion"><span id=".C3.80utre_contribussion"></span>Àutre contribussion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&veaction=edit&section=18" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Àutre contribussion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Àutre contribussion"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La lista dle chestion dont a l'é anteressasse Leibniz a l'é dësmisurà.<br /> Contribussion amportante soe a toco ëdcò la fìsica e la técnica, con d'antuission ch'a l'avrìo butà pì tard an <a href="/wiki/Biolog%C3%ACa" title="Biologìa">biologìa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meisin-a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meisin-a (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">meisin-a</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geolog%C3%ACa" title="Geologìa">geologìa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Probabilit%C3%A0" title="Probabilità">probabilità</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psicolog%C3%ACa" title="Psicologìa">psicologìa</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siense_dl%27anformassion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siense dl'anformassion (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">siense dl'anformassion</a>. Sò scrit a toco soget ëd polìtica, drit, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moral (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">moral</a>, teologìa (dël 1669 a scriv na difèisa dla dutrin-a dla <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%ABrnit%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tërnità (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Tërnità</a>, contra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wissowatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wissowatius (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Wissowatius</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=St%C3%B2ria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stòria (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">stòria</a> e filologìa. A l'ha ëdcò scrivù ëd poesìe an latin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="A_pòrto_sò_nòm"><span id="A_p.C3.B2rto_s.C3.B2_n.C3.B2m"></span>A pòrto sò nòm</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&veaction=edit&section=19" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: A pòrto sò nòm" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: A pòrto sò nòm"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criteri_%C3%ABd_Leibniz" title="Criteri ëd Leibniz">Criteri ëd Leibniz</a> ëd convergensa për le serie a sign alternà.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B3rmola_d%C3%ABl_setor_%C3%ABd_Leibniz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fórmola dël setor ëd Leibniz (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Fórmola dël setor ëd Leibniz</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gola_%C3%ABd_Leibniz" title="Régola ëd Leibniz">Régola ëd Leibniz</a> për la derivassion d'un prodot ëd fonsion.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relassion_%C3%ABd_Leibniz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relassion ëd Leibniz (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Relassion ëd Leibniz</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Euvre_prinsipaj">Euvre prinsipaj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&veaction=edit&section=20" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Euvre prinsipaj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Leibniz&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Euvre prinsipaj"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Questiones philosophicae ex jure collectae</b> (1664)</li></ul> <p>An cost'euvra Leibniz a consìdera la nossion ëd continuità an arferiment ai travaj ëd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Hotman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Hotman (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Francis Hotman</a>. </p> <ul><li><b>Disputatio juridica de conditionibus</b> (1665)</li> <li><b>Disputatio de causibus perplexis in jure</b> (1666)</li></ul> <p>A l'é 'n tentativ gropà al proget ëd tuta soa vita d'un simbolism e d'un métod ëd pensé arformà. </p> <ul><li><b>Dissertatio de arte combinatoria</b> (1666)</li></ul> <p>A l'é considerà ël prim travaj ëd combinatòria. </p> <ul><li><b>Nova methodo docendi discendique juris</b> (scrivù ant l'anterval ëd sò viage da Lipsia a Altdorf; stampà dël 1667, dedicà a l'eletor ëd Magonza)</li></ul> <p>A tenta n'arcostrussion dël <i>corpus juris</i> e a conten la prima arcognission ciàira dl'amportansa dël métod ëstòrich an drit. </p> <ul><li><b>Hypothesis physica nova</b> (1671)</li></ul> <p>Monografìa an doe part an sël moviment tanme spiegassion dij fenòmeno corpòreo: la prima prima part, an sij moviment concret, a l'é dedicà a la Royal Society; la sconda, sij moviment astrat, a l'Academia 'd Paris. </p> <ul><li><b>De progressione dyadica</b> (15 mars 1679)</li> <li><b>Summum calculi analytici fastigium</b> (dzèmber 1679)</li> <li><b>Nova methodus pro maximis et minimis</b> (1684)</li> <li><b>Meditationes de cognitione, veritate et ideis</b> (1684)</li> <li><b>Brevis demonstratio erroris mirabilis Cartesii</b> (1686)</li> <li><b>Systema theologicum</b> (1686, publicà dël 1819)</li> <li><b>Specimen dynamicum</b> (1695)</li> <li><b>Essais de théodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de l'homme, et l'origine du mal</b> (1710)</li></ul> <p>A l'é l'ùnich sò travaj filosòfich complet, ch'a l'avìa ancaminà a scrive su arcesta dl'argin-a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl%C3%B2ta_%C3%ABd_Prussia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlòta ëd Prussia (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Carlòta ëd Prussia</a> ch'a vorìa na réplica a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bayle (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Bayle</a> ch'a sostnìa l'oposission an tra fé e rason. </p> <ul><li><b>La monadologie</b> (1714)</li></ul> <p>Në sbòss ëd sò sistema, scrivù për ël <a href="/wiki/Prinsi_Genio_%C3%ABd_Sav%C3%B2ja" title="Prinsi Genio ëd Savòja">prinsi Genio ëd Savòja</a>. </p> <ul><li><b>Principes de la nature et de la grâce</b> (1714)</li></ul> <p>Leibniz a travajava con pòca continuità e sistematicità a soe euvre, lòn ch'a n'ha rendune difìcil la publicassion. Soens ij sò travaj a son mach dë sbòss peui bandonà o ëd nòte provisòrie; mincatant as trata ëd litre amportante (indispensàbij për conòsse sò pensé).<br /> Cola che miraco a l'é l'euvra filosòfica pì amportanta ëd Leibniz, <b>Nouveaux essais sur l'entendement humain</b>, anté ch'a dësvlupa soa psicologìa, a l'é concepìa da chiel tanme na crìtica motobin longa (apopré 500 pàgine) capìtol për capìtol dj' <i>Essays</i> ëd Locke; ma peui a arnonsia a publichela dòp che Locke a l'era mòrt. </p><p>Dël 1923 l'Academia dle Siense prussian-a a l'ha ancaminà n'edission completa ëd soe euvre, ancor nen livrà. </p> </td> <td class="nomobile" style="background: #C0E1FF; width:152px; font-size: 85%;" align="right" valign="top"> <div class="nomobile"> <div style="border:solid grey 1px; margin: 1px; padding: 2px;"> <table cellpadding="1" style="font-size:95%" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lese_%C3%ABl_piemont%C3%A8is" title="Aiuto"><img alt="Aiuto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/0/09/Italiancurt.png/30px-Italiancurt.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/0/09/Italiancurt.png/45px-Italiancurt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/0/09/Italiancurt.png/60px-Italiancurt.png 2x" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="172" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lese_%C3%ABl_piemont%C3%A8is" title="Wikipedia:Lese ël piemontèis">Aiuto per<br />la lettura</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lese_%C3%ABl_piemont%C3%A8is_version_spagneula" title="Ayuda"><img alt="Ayuda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/0/03/Spagneulcurt.png/30px-Spagneulcurt.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/0/03/Spagneulcurt.png/45px-Spagneulcurt.png 1.5x, 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title="Wikipedia:Reading Piedmontese English version">Help for<br />Reading</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pi%C3%B2la" title="Rintré ant la Piòla"><img alt="Rintré ant la Piòla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/0/0c/Blasonpms.png/30px-Blasonpms.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/0/0c/Blasonpms.png/45px-Blasonpms.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/0/0c/Blasonpms.png/60px-Blasonpms.png 2x" data-file-width="137" data-file-height="136" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pi%C3%B2la" title="Wikipedia:Piòla">Rintré ant<br /> la Piòla</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Aministrator" title="Contata j'Aministrator"><img alt="Contata j'Aministrator" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/e/e7/Tel%C3%A8fonAmnistr.png/30px-Tel%C3%A8fonAmnistr.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/e/e7/Tel%C3%A8fonAmnistr.png/45px-Tel%C3%A8fonAmnistr.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/e/e7/Tel%C3%A8fonAmnistr.png/60px-Tel%C3%A8fonAmnistr.png 2x" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="136" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Aministrator" title="Wikipedia:Aministrator">Contaté<br /> j'Aministrator</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:L%C3%ACber_che_as_consejo" title="Lìber për Amprende"><img alt="Lìber për Amprende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/2/20/StageraL%C3%ACber.jpg/30px-StageraL%C3%ACber.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/2/20/StageraL%C3%ACber.jpg/45px-StageraL%C3%ACber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/2/20/StageraL%C3%ACber.jpg/60px-StageraL%C3%ACber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="136" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:L%C3%ACber_che_as_consejo" title="Wikipedia:Lìber che as consejo">Lìber për<br /> Amprende</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Criteri_p%C3%ABr_la_coression_ortogr%C3%A0fica" title="Coression Ortogràfica"><img alt="Coression Ortogràfica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/e/ec/Coression.png/30px-Coression.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/e/ec/Coression.png/45px-Coression.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/e/ec/Coression.png/60px-Coression.png 2x" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="135" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Criteri_p%C3%ABr_la_coression_ortogr%C3%A0fica" title="Wikipedia:Criteri për la coression ortogràfica">Coression<br /> ortogràfica</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tastadura_piemont%C3%A8isa" title="Tastadura Piemontèisa"><img alt="Tastadura Piemontèisa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/b/b6/Tastadura.png/30px-Tastadura.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/b/b6/Tastadura.png/45px-Tastadura.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/b/b6/Tastadura.png/60px-Tastadura.png 2x" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="136" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tastadura_piemont%C3%A8isa" title="Wikipedia:Tastadura piemontèisa">Tastadura<br /> piemontèisa</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ACa:Proget" title="Portaj e Proget"><img alt="Portaj e Proget" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/9/9e/Portal-puzzle.png/30px-Portal-puzzle.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/9/9e/Portal-puzzle.png/45px-Portal-puzzle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/9/9e/Portal-puzzle.png/60px-Portal-puzzle.png 2x" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="135" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ACa:Proget" title="Categorìa:Proget">Portaj<br />e Proget</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Agiut:Amprende_a_travaj%C3%A9_da_zero" title="Agiut pr'ij contributor"><img alt="Agiut pr'ij contributor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/5/57/Wikibalon.png/30px-Wikibalon.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/5/57/Wikibalon.png/45px-Wikibalon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/5/57/Wikibalon.png/60px-Wikibalon.png 2x" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="136" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Agiut:Amprende_a_travaj%C3%A9_da_zero" title="Agiut:Amprende a travajé da zero">Agiut pr'ij<br />Contributor</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ACa:Figure_da_but%C3%A9" title="Travajòt belfè"><img alt="Travajòt belfè" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/e/e8/Ciav_e_tornavis.gif/30px-Ciav_e_tornavis.gif" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/e/e8/Ciav_e_tornavis.gif/45px-Ciav_e_tornavis.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/e/e8/Ciav_e_tornavis.gif/60px-Ciav_e_tornavis.gif 2x" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="136" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ACa:Figure_da_but%C3%A9" title="Categorìa:Figure da buté">Travajòt<br />sempi</a></b> 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