CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="sw" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Mmonaki - Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )swwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy" ,"wgMonthNames":["","Januari","Februari","Machi","Aprili","Mei","Juni","Julai","Agosti","Septemba","Oktoba","Novemba","Desemba"],"wgRequestId":"b645ce2e-173f-4d82-93ce-e7307e6e41e6","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Mmonaki","wgTitle":"Mmonaki","wgCurRevisionId":1143864,"wgRevisionId":1143864,"wgArticleId":23482,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Dini","Ukristo","Mashirika ya kitawa"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"sw","wgPageContentLanguage":"sw","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Mmonaki","wgRelevantArticleId":23482,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Wamonaki","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0, "wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"sw","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"sw"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Mmonaki","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q733786","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession", "wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sw&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=sw&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sw&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Debating_Monks.JPG/1200px-Debating_Monks.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Debating_Monks.JPG/800px-Debating_Monks.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1067"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Debating_Monks.JPG/640px-Debating_Monks.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="853"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Mmonaki - Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmonaki"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Hariri" href="/w/index.php?title=Mmonaki&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (sw)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//sw.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmonaki"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sw"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Tawanyiko la Atom la Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:MabadalikoyaKaribuni&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Mmonaki rootpage-Mmonaki skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Nenda kwa yaliyomo</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tovuti"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menyu kuu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menyu kuu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menyu kuu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ficha</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Urambazaji </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mwanzo" title="Tembelea Mwanzo [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Mwanzo</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Jumuia" title="Kuhusu mradi, mambo unaweza kufanya, na mahali pa kugundua vitu"><span>Jumuiya</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Matukio_ya_hivi_karibuni" title="Maarifa kuhusu habari za siku hizi"><span>Matukio ya hivi karibuni</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:MabadalikoyaKaribuni" title="Orodha ya mabadiliko ya hivi karibuni katika Wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mabadiliko ya karibuni</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:UkurasawaBahati" title="Onyesha ukurasa wa bahati [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ukurasa wa bahati</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Mahali pa kueleweshwa."><span>Msaada</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Mwanzo" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-sw.svg" width="117" height="10" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.625em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:Tafuta" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Tafuta Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Tafuta</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Tafuta Wikipedia" aria-label="Tafuta Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Tafuta Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Maalum:Tafuta"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Tafuta</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Zana binafsi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Mandhari"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Badilisha mandhari ya ukubwa, upana, na rangi ya fonti ya ukurasa" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mandhari" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mandhari</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sw.wikipedia.org&uselang=sw" class=""><span>Michango</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:SajiliAkaunti&returnto=Mmonaki" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Unda akaunti</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:IngiaMtumiaji&returnto=Mmonaki" title="Tunakushajiisha kuingia, lakini siyo lazima. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Ingia</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Chaguo zaidi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zana binafsi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Zana binafsi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sw.wikipedia.org&uselang=sw"><span>Michango</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:SajiliAkaunti&returnto=Mmonaki" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Unda akaunti</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:IngiaMtumiaji&returnto=Mmonaki" title="Tunakushajiisha kuingia, lakini siyo lazima. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ingia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tovuti"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Yaliyomo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Yaliyomo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ficha</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Mwanzo</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Mwanzo_wa_umonaki_wa_Kikristo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mwanzo_wa_umonaki_wa_Kikristo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Mwanzo wa umonaki wa Kikristo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mwanzo_wa_umonaki_wa_Kikristo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maisha_ya_pamoja_mashariki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maisha_ya_pamoja_mashariki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Maisha ya pamoja mashariki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maisha_ya_pamoja_mashariki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maisha_ya_pamoja_magharibi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maisha_ya_pamoja_magharibi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Maisha ya pamoja magharibi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maisha_ya_pamoja_magharibi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marekebisho_ya_karne_IX-XII" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marekebisho_ya_karne_IX-XII"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Marekebisho ya karne IX-XII</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marekebisho_ya_karne_IX-XII-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utawa_kati_ya_Wakristo_wa_madhehebu_mengine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utawa_kati_ya_Wakristo_wa_madhehebu_mengine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Utawa kati ya Wakristo wa madhehebu mengine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utawa_kati_ya_Wakristo_wa_madhehebu_mengine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viungo_vya_nje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viungo_vya_nje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Viungo vya nje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viungo_vya_nje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Yaliyomo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mmonaki</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Nenda kwenye makala kwa lugha nyingine. Lugha 86 zinapatikana" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lugha 86</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monnik" title="Monnik – Kiafrikana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Monnik" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Kiafrikana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6nch" title="Mönch – Kijerumani cha Uswisi" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mönch" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Kijerumani cha Uswisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monche" title="Monche – Kiaragoni" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Monche" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Kiaragoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A8" title="راهب – Kiarabu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="راهب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Kiarabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A8" title="راهب – Kiarabu cha Misri" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="راهب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Kiarabu cha Misri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monxu" title="Monxu – Kiasturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Monxu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Kiasturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahib" title="Rahib – Kiazerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rahib" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Kiazerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Манах – Kibelarusi" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Манах" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Kibelarusi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Манах – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Манах" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Монах – Kibulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Монах" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Kibulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%81" title="ভিক্ষু – Kibengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভিক্ষু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Kibengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%99%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="བཙུན་པ། – Kitibeti" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བཙུན་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Kitibeti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manac%27h" title="Manac'h – Kibretoni" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Manac'h" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Kibretoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monjo" title="Monjo – Kikatalani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Monjo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Kikatalani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnich" title="Mnich – Kicheki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mnich" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Kicheki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mynach" title="Mynach – Kiwelisi" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mynach" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Kiwelisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munk" title="Munk – Kidenmaki" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Munk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Kidenmaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6nch" title="Mönch – Kijerumani" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mönch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Kijerumani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C5%9Fi%C5%9F" title="Keşiş – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Keşiş" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%87%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Μοναχός – Kigiriki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μοναχός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Kigiriki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monk" title="Monk – Kiingereza" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Monk" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Kiingereza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona%C4%A5o" title="Monaĥo – Kiesperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Monaĥo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Kiesperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monje" title="Monje – Kihispania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Monje" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Kihispania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munk" title="Munk – Kiestonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Munk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Kiestonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monje" title="Monje – Kibaski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Monje" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Kibaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A8" title="راهب – Kiajemi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راهب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Kiajemi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munkki" title="Munkki – Kifini" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Munkki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Kifini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muuk" title="Muuk – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Muuk" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moine" title="Moine – Kifaransa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Moine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Kifaransa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muonts" title="Muonts – Kifrisia cha Magharibi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Muonts" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Kifrisia cha Magharibi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manach" title="Manach – Kiayalandi" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Manach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Kiayalandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manach" title="Manach – Kigaeli cha Uskoti" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Manach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Kigaeli cha Uskoti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monxe,_monxa" title="Monxe, monxa – Kigalisi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Monxe, monxa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Kigalisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redovnik" title="Redovnik – Kikorasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Redovnik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kikorasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szerzetes" title="Szerzetes – Kihungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szerzetes" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Kihungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%83%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Ճգնավոր – Kiarmenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ճգնավոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Kiarmenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monacho" title="Monacho – Kiintalingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Monacho" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Kiintalingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biarawan" title="Biarawan – Kiindonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Biarawan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Kiindonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Kiido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Kiido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munkur" title="Munkur – Kiisilandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Munkur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Kiisilandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93%E5%A3%AB" title="修道士 – Kijapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="修道士" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Kijapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%95%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ბერმონაზვნობა – Kijojia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბერმონაზვნობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Kijojia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Монах – Kikazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Монах" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kikazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%83" title="ព្រះសង្ឃ – Kikambodia" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ព្រះសង្ឃ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Kikambodia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B6%9C%EA%B0%80%EC%9E%90" title="출가자 – Kikorea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="출가자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Kikorea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monak" title="Monak – Kikurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Monak" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kikurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Кечилдик – Kikyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кечилдик" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kikyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monachus" title="Monachus – Kilatini" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Monachus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Kilatini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munnik" title="Munnik – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Munnik" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monegh" title="Monegh – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Monegh" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienuolis" title="Vienuolis – Kilithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vienuolis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Kilithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%ABks" title="Mūks – Kilatvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mūks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Kilatvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monka" title="Monka – Kimalagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Monka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Kimalagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Монах – Kimacedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Монах" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Kimacedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Тойн – Kimongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тойн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Kimongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%B3" title="ခမဳ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ခမဳ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahib" title="Rahib – Kimalei" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rahib" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Kimalei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monnik" title="Monnik – Kiholanzi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Monnik" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Kiholanzi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munk" title="Munk – Kinorwe cha Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Munk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Kinorwe cha Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munk" title="Munk – Kinorwe cha Bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Munk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Kinorwe cha Bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mou%C3%A8ne" title="Mouène – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Mouène" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monghi" title="Monghi – Kipampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Monghi" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Kipampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakon_mniszy" title="Zakon mniszy – Kipolandi" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zakon mniszy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Kipolandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%81%D8%A8" title="راہب – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="راہب" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monge" title="Monge – Kireno" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Monge" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Kireno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%83lug%C4%83r" title="Călugăr – Kiromania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Călugăr" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Kiromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Монах – Kirusi" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Монах" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Kirusi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Монах – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Монах" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redovnik" title="Redovnik – Kiserbia-kroeshia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Redovnik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Kiserbia-kroeshia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monk" title="Monk – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Monk" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mn%C3%ADch" title="Mních – Kislovakia" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mních" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Kislovakia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menih" title="Menih – Kislovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Menih" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Kislovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Монах – Kiserbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Монах" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Kiserbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munk" title="Munk – Kiswidi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Munk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Kiswidi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF" title="துறவி – Kitamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துறவி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Kitamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95" title="นักพรต – Kithai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นักพรต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Kithai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C5%9Fi%C5%9F" title="Keşiş – Kituruki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Keşiş" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Kituruki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Чернець – Kiukraini" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чернець" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Kiukraini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%81%D8%A8" title="راہب – Kiurdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="راہب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Kiurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaxlar" title="Monaxlar – Kiuzbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Monaxlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Kiuzbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu_s%C4%A9" title="Tu sĩ – Kivietinamu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tu sĩ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Kivietinamu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moenne" title="Moenne – Kiwaloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Moenne" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Kiwaloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA" title="出家人 – Kichina cha Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="出家人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Kichina cha Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA" title="出家人 – Kichina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="出家人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kichina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheng-l%C5%AB" title="Cheng-lū – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cheng-lū" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%83%A7%E4%BA%BA" title="僧人 – Kikantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="僧人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kikantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q733786#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Hariri viungo vya lugha zingine" class="wbc-editpage">Hariri viungo</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Maeneo ya wiki"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mmonaki" title="Onyesha kurasa zilizopo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Makala</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majadiliano:Mmonaki&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Mazungumzo kuhusu makala (bado haujaandikwa) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Majadiliano</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Badilisha lahaja ya lugha" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Kiswahili</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Mitazamo"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mmonaki"><span>Soma</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmonaki&veaction=edit" title="Hariri ukurasa huu na VisualEditor [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Hariri</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmonaki&action=edit" title="Hariri chanzo msimbo za ukurasa huu [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Hariri chanzo</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmonaki&action=history" title="Mapitio ya awali ya ukurasa huu [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Fungua historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Zana za ukurasa"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zana" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Zana</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Zana</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ficha</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Vitendo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mmonaki"><span>Soma</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmonaki&veaction=edit" title="Hariri ukurasa huu na VisualEditor [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Hariri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmonaki&action=edit" title="Hariri chanzo msimbo za ukurasa huu [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Hariri chanzo</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmonaki&action=history"><span>Fungua historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Kijumla </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:VingoViungavyoUkurasahuu/Mmonaki" title="Orodha ya kurasa zote za Wiki zilizounganishwa na ukurasa huu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Viungo viungavyo ukurasa huu</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:RecentChangesLinked/Mmonaki" rel="nofollow" title="Mabadiliko ya karibuni ya katika kurasa zilizounganishwa na ukurasa huu [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Mabadiliko husika</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=sw" title="Pakia picha, video, au sauti [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Pakia faili</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:KurasaMaalum" title="Orodha ya kurasa zote maalumu [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Kurasa maalumu</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmonaki&oldid=1143864" title="Kiungo cha daima cha kufikisha pitio hili la ukurasa"><span>Kiungo cha daima</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmonaki&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Maelezo ya ukurasa</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Taja&page=Mmonaki&id=1143864&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Taarifa juu ya njia ya kutaja ukurasa huu"><span>Taja ukurasa huu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMmonaki"><span>Pata URL iliyofupishwa</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMmonaki"><span>Pakua msimbo wa QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chapa/peleka nje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kusanya&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Mmonaki"><span>Tunga kitabu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:DownloadAsPdf&page=Mmonaki&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pakua kama PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmonaki&printable=yes" title="Toleo linalochapika la ukurasa huu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Ukurasa wa kuchapika</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Miradi mingine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Monk" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q733786" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata kifungu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Zana za ukurasa"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Mandhari"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mandhari</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ficha</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Kutoka Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Elekezwa kutoka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wamonaki&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Wamonaki">Wamonaki</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sw" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Debating_Monks.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Debating_Monks.JPG/170px-Debating_Monks.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Debating_Monks.JPG/255px-Debating_Monks.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Debating_Monks.JPG/340px-Debating_Monks.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1488" data-file-height="1984" /></a><figcaption>Wamonaki wa <a href="/wiki/Ubuddha" title="Ubuddha">Ubuddha</a> wakijadiliana katika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sera_Monastery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sera Monastery (bado haujaandikwa)">Sera Monastery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Monk_is_training.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Monk_is_training.jpg/220px-Monk_is_training.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Monk_is_training.jpg/330px-Monk_is_training.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Monk_is_training.jpg/440px-Monk_is_training.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="558" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abati" title="Abati">Abati</a> wa monasteri ya Ubuddha anafundisha wanovisi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttaradit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uttaradit (bado haujaandikwa)">Uttaradit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Mmonaki</b></i> (kutoka <a href="/wiki/Kigiriki" title="Kigiriki">Kigiriki</a> <i>μοναχός</i>, <i>monachos</i>, "wa pekee") ni <a href="/wiki/Mwanamume" class="mw-redirect" title="Mwanamume">mwanamume</a> au <a href="/wiki/Mwanamke" title="Mwanamke">mwanamke</a> anayefanya <a href="/wiki/Juhudi" title="Juhudi">juhudi</a> za pekee katika <a href="/wiki/Dini" title="Dini">dini</a> yake, akiishi peke yake au katika <a href="/wiki/Jumuia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumuia">jumuia</a> ya kitawa, ambayo nyumba yake inaitwa <a href="/wiki/Monasteri" title="Monasteri">monasteri</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mwanzo_wa_umonaki_wa_Kikristo">Mwanzo wa umonaki wa Kikristo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmonaki&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Hariri sehemu: Mwanzo wa umonaki wa Kikristo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmonaki&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Mwanzo wa umonaki wa Kikristo"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:StAnthony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/StAnthony.jpg/170px-StAnthony.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/StAnthony.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="185" data-file-height="366" /></a><figcaption>Mt. Anthony Mkuu, anayetazamwa kuwa baba wa umonaki wa <a href="/wiki/Ukristo" title="Ukristo">Kikristo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Tofauti na watawa walioishi katika mazingira ya kawaida, mwishoni mwa <a href="/wiki/Karne_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Karne III">karne III</a> huko <a href="/wiki/Misri" title="Misri">Misri</a> ulianza mtindo wa kukimbia ulimwengu hata kimakao. </p><p>Mmonaki alitafuta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Upweke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upweke (bado haujaandikwa)">upweke</a> kamili hasa jangwani ili kuishi na Mungu tu, ili moyo uweze kutulia kabisa bila ya kushikwa na mitindo na masharti ya maisha ya kawaida. Miundo mipya ya umonaki ilitegemea matatu: <a href="/wiki/Mwanzilishi" title="Mwanzilishi">mwanzilishi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanuni" title="Kanuni">kanuni</a>, upweke. </p><p>Mtindo huo wa maisha, ambao ndio mchango mkuu wa <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> kwa Kanisa lote, ulistawi hasa baada ya Dola la Kirumi kuruhusu Ukristo (313). Maisha hayo magumu, yaliyoenea mapema hata nje ya Dola hilo, yaliamsha waamini wafuate <a href="/wiki/Injili" title="Injili">Injili</a> kwa juhudi kama wakati wa dhuluma, ulipohitajika ujasiri mbele ya hatari ya kuuawa. Hivyo umonaki ulionekana aina mpya ya <a href="/wiki/Kifodini" class="mw-redirect" title="Kifodini">kifodini</a> kwa jinsi ulivyomtolea Mungu maisha yote. </p><p>Anayeheshimiwa kama baba wa wamonaki ni <a href="/wiki/Antoni_abati" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoni abati">Antoni abati</a> (251-356) ambaye akizingatia maneno mbalimbali ya Injili aliwagawia maskini utajiri wake mkubwa amfuate <a href="/wiki/Mwokozi" title="Mwokozi">Mwokozi</a>. Maisha yake yote akazidi kujitafutia mahali pa upweke kamili zaidi ili kumlenga Mungu tu. </p><p>Mfano wake ulivuta wanaume na wanawake wengi toka sehemu mbalimbali aliowaongoza bila ya kuacha upweke wake, isipokuwa kwa kutetea <a href="/wiki/Imani_sahihi" title="Imani sahihi">imani sahihi</a> na <a href="/wiki/Umoja" title="Umoja">umoja</a> wa Kanisa. Mara baada ya kifo chake kitabu kilichoandikwa na <a href="/wiki/Atanasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Atanasi">Atanasi</a> (295-373) juu yake kikaeneza mvuto wa umonaki hadi magharibi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maisha_ya_pamoja_mashariki">Maisha ya pamoja mashariki</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmonaki&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Hariri sehemu: Maisha ya pamoja mashariki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmonaki&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Maisha ya pamoja mashariki"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Muda mfupi baadaye, na sehemu ileile, yalianzishwa maisha ya pamoja ambamo mali na vilevile mang’amuzi ya Kiroho yashirikishwe, hata kwa waamini wa ulimwenguni. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pakomi" title="Pakomi">Pakomi</a> (288-346) aliongokea imani kwa kuzingatia Wakristo walivyowatumikia wafungwa kwa <a href="/wiki/Upendo" title="Upendo">upendo</a>. Mang’amuzi hayo ya awali yalimuangazia kuwa Mungu ni upendo yakaathiri maisha na mafundisho yake yote. Hivyo baada ya kushika umonaki akajisikia wito wa kuishi kwa upendo na wengine akaanzisha maisha ya pamoja upwekeni Misri Kusini. Ndiye wa kwanza kutunga <a href="/wiki/Kanuni_ya_kitawa" title="Kanuni ya kitawa">kanuni ya kitawa</a>, na ndani yake jina “ndugu” linashika nafasi ya “mmonaki”. </p><p>Kanuni hiyo ikaja kuathiri maisha ya wamonaki na kanuni zao mashariki na magharibi vilevile, na ndiyo inayoongoza umati wa wamonaki wa <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> tangu mwaka 500 hivi. Mbali ya mafungo na <a href="/wiki/Sala" title="Sala">sala</a> ndefu, Pakomi alisisitiza kujikana kwa ajili ya wengine, yaani kuwa na <a href="/wiki/Utiifu" title="Utiifu">utiifu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huruma" title="Huruma">huruma</a> na misaada ya kila aina: ndiyo njia ya upendo ambayo iliagizwa na Bwana na kufanya maisha ya pamoja yawe bora kuliko upweke kamili. Karibu na [[monasteri za kiume kulikuwa na nyingine za kike. </p><p>Pia <a href="/wiki/Bazili_Mkuu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bazili Mkuu">Bazili Mkuu</a> (330-379), baada ya kutembelea wamonaki sehemu mbalimbali, alianzisha maisha ya pamoja katika “jamaa” ambayo lengo lake kuu lilikuwa kushika kikamilifu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Udugu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Udugu (bado haujaandikwa)">udugu</a> wa Kiinjili kama katika Kanisa la mwanzoni. Tofauti na monasteri ya Pakomi iliyofikia kuwa na maelfu ya watawa, jamaa hiyo haikuwa na idadi kubwa wala ngome; tena haikuwa jangwani, bali karibu na mji wa <a href="/wiki/Kaisarea_wa_Kapadokia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaisarea wa Kapadokia">Kaisarea wa Kapadokia</a>. Akiwa askofu huko alisisitiza uhusiano na Kanisa: watawa wa kiume na wa kike wawe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chachu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chachu (bado haujaandikwa)">chachu</a> inayofanya Wakristo wenzao wafuate utakatifu wa <a href="/wiki/Wito" title="Wito">wito</a> wao; tena aliwakabidhi shughuli mbalimbali kama vile kuhubiri na hasa kuhudumia wenye shida. Mtindo huo ulisisitiza ushirikiano kati ya ndugu kuliko uongozi wa <a href="/wiki/Abati" title="Abati">abati</a> na miundo mikubwa. Pia ulitia maanani masomo ya kidini. </p><p>Mpaka leo kanuni zake zinaongoza karibu wamonaki wote wa mashariki, na kwa njia yao makanisa ya Orthodoksi kwa kuwa kwao maaskofu kwanza ni wamonaki nao wanaelekeza Wakristo wote kufuata mifano yao. </p><p>Katika nchi ya jirani <a href="/wiki/Mesrop" title="Mesrop">Mesrop</a> (361-440) akaanzisha mtindo wa monasteri kuwa na shule karibu ili kuandaa watu watakaoendeleza <a href="/wiki/Elimu" title="Elimu">elimu</a> ya dini hasa kwa kutafsiri na kunakili vitabu. Mapema monasteri kubwa zikawa pia na <a href="/wiki/Seminari_kuu" class="mw-redirect" title="Seminari kuu">seminari kuu</a> au vyuo vikuu vya <a href="/wiki/Teolojia" title="Teolojia">teolojia</a>. </p><p>Huo umonaki wa <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> ulidumisha <a href="/wiki/Utamaduni" title="Utamaduni">utamaduni</a> wa taifa hilo, ambalo lilikuwa la kwanza kupokea Ukristo jumla pamoja na mfalme wake (300) halafu likaushika moja kwa moja hata lilipopitia vipindi vigumu sana. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maisha_ya_pamoja_magharibi">Maisha ya pamoja magharibi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmonaki&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Hariri sehemu: Maisha ya pamoja magharibi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmonaki&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Maisha ya pamoja magharibi"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Kovelklein.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Kovelklein.JPG/120px-Kovelklein.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Kovelklein.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption>Mmonaki aina ya <a href="/wiki/Wabenedikto" title="Wabenedikto">Wabenedikto</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Germany_M%C3%BCnchen_Monks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Germany_M%C3%BCnchen_Monks.jpg/170px-Germany_M%C3%BCnchen_Monks.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Germany_M%C3%BCnchen_Monks.jpg/255px-Germany_M%C3%BCnchen_Monks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Germany_M%C3%BCnchen_Monks.jpg/340px-Germany_M%C3%BCnchen_Monks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="376" /></a><figcaption>Lebo ya <a href="/wiki/Munich" class="mw-redirect" title="Munich">Munich</a> inakumbusha maana ya jina lake kama mji ulioanzishwa na Wabenedikto</figcaption></figure> <p>Tangu karne ya IV umonaki ulienea magharibi pia: huko <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ufaransa" title="Ufaransa">Ufaransa</a> na <a href="/wiki/Hispania" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispania">Hispania</a> kulikuwa na monasteri za kike na za kiume zilizosimamiwa na maaskofu watakatifu. Kati yao wa kwanza kupitia umonaki ni <a href="/wiki/Martino_wa_Tours" title="Martino wa Tours">Martino wa Tours</a> (316-397). </p><p>Hasa maandishi ya <a href="/wiki/Yohane_Kasiano" title="Yohane Kasiano">Yohane Kasiano</a> (360-435) yalieneza hekima ya wamonaki wengi wa mashariki alioongea nao. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Agostino_wa_Hippo" title="Agostino wa Hippo">Agostino wa Hippo</a> (354-430), <a href="/wiki/Babu_wa_Kanisa" title="Babu wa Kanisa">babu wa Kanisa</a> muhimu kuliko wote, baada ya kuongoka na kutembelea baadhi ya monasteri, alirudi Afrika Kaskazini aanzishe maisha ya pamoja. Kwanza aliishi na walei wenzake, halafu akiwa askofu aliishi na mapadri wake, akawashirikisha utajiri wake wa <a href="/wiki/Akili" title="Akili">akili</a> na <a href="/wiki/Roho" title="Roho">roho</a> ili wafanye vizuri <a href="/wiki/Utume" title="Utume">utume</a>. Katika kanuni yake, iliyotumika kwa wanawake pia, umoja uliwekwa kuwa lengo lenyewe la utawa, si jambo lake mojawapo tu. Hata yeye aliathiri sana maisha ya kitawa ya magharibi kote. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Benedikto_wa_Nursia" title="Benedikto wa Nursia">Benedikto wa Nursia</a> (480-547) ndiye aliyeunda umonaki wa magharibi kwa namna ya kudumu hasa kwa njia ya kanuni aliyoitunga polepole, kutokana na mang’amuzi yake, <a href="/wiki/Kanuni_ya_Mwalimu" title="Kanuni ya Mwalimu">Kanuni ya Mwalimu</a> asiyejulikana na mafundisho ya Bazili na mababu wengine wa jangwani. </p><p>Kanuni yake iliunganisha vizuri maelekeo mawili ya umonaki wa zamani: kumtafuta Mungu kwa juhudi upwekeni na kuishi kwa umoja. Sifa yake nyingine ni mchanganuo mzuri wa <a href="/wiki/Sala_na_kazi" title="Sala na kazi">sala na kazi</a> mbalimbali ambazo ziliokoa elimu ya zamani na kufufua <a href="/wiki/Uchumi" title="Uchumi">uchumi</a> wa Ulaya Magharibi baada ya makabila ya Kijerumani kuvuruga kote. Yeye alidumisha ubaba wa Kiroho katika jumuia nzima: ndiyo maana abati ana nafasi ya pekee na ya kudumu kwa wamonaki, ambao aliwafafanua kuwa watu “wanaoishi katika monasteri na kutii kanuni moja na abati mmoja”. Kwake monasteri ni shule ya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Utumishi_wa_Bwana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utumishi wa Bwana (bado haujaandikwa)">utumishi wa Bwana</a>, ambapo abati ndiye mwalimu, na kanuni ndiyo kitabu. Kinyume cha watawa wazururaji wa zamani hizo za misusuko, Benedikto alidai udumifu katika monasteri. </p><p>Kutokana na kila monasteri kujitegemea, <a href="/wiki/Wabenedikto" title="Wabenedikto">Wabenedikto</a> wakapata sura tofautitofauti bila ya kuachana na kanuni. Ushirikiano kati ya monasteri mbalimbali unategemea asili yake na mitindo yake. </p><p>Kati ya aina nyingine za umonaki wa magharibi inakumbukwa hasa ile ya <a href="/wiki/Wakristo_wa_Kiselti" class="mw-redirect" title="Wakristo wa Kiselti">Wakristo wa Kiselti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ulaya" title="Ulaya">Ulaya</a> visiwani). Hao hawakuwa na majimbo bali walimtegemea <a href="/w/index.php?title=Askofu-abati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Askofu-abati (bado haujaandikwa)">askofu-abati</a> wa monasteri ya jirani na kufuata desturi za kimonaki, hasa maisha magumu ya malipizi na maungamo ya mara kwa mara. Kutoka huko wamonaki wengi walihamia Ulaya bara kama wasafiri wa Kristo na wamisionari wakieneza desturi hizo. Kati yao anasifiwa hasa <a href="/wiki/Kolumbani" title="Kolumbani">Kolumbani</a> (540-615). </p><p>Hatimaye wakaja kukubali kanuni ya Benedikto pamoja na desturi za Kanisa la <a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a>. </p><p>Wamonaki wengine pia walichangia sana uenezaji wa Ukristo Ulaya, k.mf. <a href="/wiki/Augustino_wa_Canterbury" title="Augustino wa Canterbury">Augustino wa Canterbury</a> (+605), aliyetumwa <a href="/wiki/Uingereza" title="Uingereza">Uingereza</a> na <a href="/wiki/Papa_Gregori_I" title="Papa Gregori I">Papa Gregori I</a> (540-604), mmonaki wa kwanza kufikia Upapa, halafu <a href="/wiki/Bonifas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonifas">Bonifas</a> (672-754), mtume wa <a href="/wiki/Ujerumani" title="Ujerumani">Ujerumani</a> na <a href="/wiki/Mfiadini" title="Mfiadini">mfiadini</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marekebisho_ya_karne_IX-XII">Marekebisho ya karne IX-XII</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmonaki&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Hariri sehemu: Marekebisho ya karne IX-XII" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmonaki&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Marekebisho ya karne IX-XII"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Czestochowa-bazylika.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Czestochowa-bazylika.jpg/170px-Czestochowa-bazylika.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Czestochowa-bazylika.jpg/255px-Czestochowa-bazylika.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Czestochowa-bazylika.jpg/340px-Czestochowa-bazylika.jpg 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Monasteri ya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jasna_G%C3%B3ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jasna Góra (bado haujaandikwa)">Jasna Góra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polandi" title="Polandi">Polandi</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>Ni kawaida ya <a href="/wiki/Binadamu" title="Binadamu">binadamu</a> kuanzisha kazi kwa nguvu halafu kuchoka, kuanza safari kwa kasi halafu kupunguza mwendo. Vilevile jumuia zina vipindi vya bidii na vya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulegevu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulegevu (bado haujaandikwa)">ulegevu</a>. </p><p>Kanisa lenyewe, ingawa ni takatifu, linaathiriwa na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukosefu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukosefu (bado haujaandikwa)">ukosefu</a> wa wanae. Ila <a href="/wiki/Roho_Mtakatifu" title="Roho Mtakatifu">Roho Mtakatifu</a> haliachi bila ya msaada wa watu motomoto ili kulirekebisha. </p><p>Utawa unahusika kabisa na utakatifu wa Kanisa: ukistawi mmoja, unastawi wa pili pia. Hasa katika karne ya IX-XII <a href="/wiki/Kanisa_la_magharibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanisa la magharibi">Kanisa la magharibi</a> lilitambua wazi haja ya <a href="/wiki/Urekebisho" class="mw-disambig" title="Urekebisho">urekebisho</a> katika umonaki na katika maisha yake yote. </p><p>Kati ya matawi mapya ya Kibenedikto yaliyotokana na juhudi hizo yanakumbukwa hasa lile la <a href="/wiki/Cluny" title="Cluny">Cluny</a> (ambalo lilikwepa kuwa mikononi mwa watawala likakazia [[liturujia kuliko kazi za mikono), lile la <a href="/wiki/Camaldoli" title="Camaldoli">Camaldoli</a> (lililofufua <a href="/wiki/Ukaapweke" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukaapweke">ukaapweke</a>) na lile la <a href="/wiki/Citeaux" title="Citeaux">Citeaux</a> (ambalo lilirudia maisha magumu katika ufukara na kazi). </p><p>Wamonaki wa matawi hayo wakaja kushika nafasi muhimu katika kurekebisha Kanisa, hasa <a href="/wiki/Petro_Damiani" class="mw-redirect" title="Petro Damiani">Petro Damiani</a> (1007-1072), <a href="/wiki/Papa_Gregori_VII" title="Papa Gregori VII">papa Gregori VII</a> (1028-1085) na <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_wa_Clairvaux" title="Bernardo wa Clairvaux">Bernardo wa Clairvaux</a> (1090-1153). </p><p>Wakati huohuo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruno (bado haujaandikwa)">Bruno</a> (1035-1101) alianzisha aina mpya ya ukaapweke iliyodumu kuwa na juhudi hadi leo (<a href="/wiki/Wakartusi" title="Wakartusi">Wakartusi</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utawa_kati_ya_Wakristo_wa_madhehebu_mengine">Utawa kati ya Wakristo wa madhehebu mengine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmonaki&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Hariri sehemu: Utawa kati ya Wakristo wa madhehebu mengine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmonaki&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Utawa kati ya Wakristo wa madhehebu mengine"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pamoja na kudumisha moja kwa moja umonaki kati ya <a href="/wiki/Waortodoksi" class="mw-redirect" title="Waortodoksi">Waortodoksi</a>, Roho Mtakatifu ameongoza Waprotestanti kadhaa kuanzisha upya maisha ya kitawa baada ya <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> kuyafuta kama kitu kinyume cha <a href="/wiki/Injili" title="Injili">Injili</a> katika <a href="/wiki/Karne_ya_16" title="Karne ya 16">karne ya 16</a>. </p><p>Kuanzia mwaka 1836 katika nchi mbalimbali watu wa <a href="/wiki/Madhehebu" title="Madhehebu">madhehebu</a> hayo walianza tena kuishi kijumuia kwa kufuata pengine mapokeo ya Kibenedikto na ya Kifransisko. </p><p>Maarufu zaidi ni Jumuia ya <a href="/wiki/Taiz%C3%A9" title="Taizé">Taizé</a>, ambayo ilianzishwa na ndugu <a href="/wiki/Roger_Schutz" title="Roger Schutz">Roger Schutz</a> (1915-2005) na kupokea Wakatoliki pia; lengo lake hasa ni umoja wa Wakristo na kuinjilisha vijana. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viungo_vya_nje">Viungo vya nje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmonaki&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Hariri sehemu: Viungo vya nje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmonaki&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Viungo vya nje"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Monk">"Monk"</a> article in <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyfish.net/monastics/monastics.html">Hitoryfish.net Texts and articles on Western Christian Monks, Monastics, and the Monastic Life.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyfish.net/monastics/monasticlife.html">Full Text + Illustrations, Abbot Gasquet's English Monastic Life.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oca.org/OCchapter.asp?SID=2&ID=59">Monasticism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/20081013092121/http://www.oca.org/OCchapter.asp?SID=2&ID=59">Archived</a> 13 Oktoba 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Synopsis on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthodox_Church_in_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orthodox Church in America (bado haujaandikwa)">Orthodox Church in America</a>'s Website (www.oca.org)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valaam.ru/en/photos/lightval/624">An Orthodox novice</a> Photo from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valaam_Monastery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valaam Monastery (bado haujaandikwa)">Valaam Monastery</a>, Russia</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.karmel.at/ics/edith/stein_9.html">Contemplative spirituality in the tradition of the medieval hermits who settled on Mount Carmel.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/20071217214442/http://www.karmel.at/ics/edith/stein_9.html">Archived</a> 17 Desemba 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doc0mr.tripod.com/">Immaculate Heart of Mary's Hermitage</a> - Website of a Hermit of Saint Bruno</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Rudishwa kutoka "<a dir="ltr" href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mmonaki&oldid=1143864">https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mmonaki&oldid=1143864</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Jamii" title="Maalum:Jamii">Jamii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Dini" title="Jamii:Dini">Dini</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Ukristo" title="Jamii:Ukristo">Ukristo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Mashirika_ya_kitawa" title="Jamii:Mashirika ya kitawa">Mashirika ya kitawa</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ukurasa huu umebadilishwa kwa mara ya mwisho tarehe 17 Januari 2021, saa 06:28.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Maandishi yanapatikana chini ya leseni ya <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; matakwa mengine yanaweza kutakiwa. Tazama maelezo zaidi ya <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Matakwa ya Utumiaji</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Sera ya faragha</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kuhusu">Kuhusu Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kanusho_kwa_jumla">Kanusho</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Waunzi programu</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/sw.wikipedia.org">takwimu</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Maelezo ya kuki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mmonaki&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mtazamo wa rununu</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-szrlp","wgBackendResponseTime":188,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.040","walltime":"0.307","ppvisitednodes":{"value":87,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":841,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":171,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":6,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2.572 1 -total"," 97.36% 2.504 2 Kigezo:Wayback"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-59856bd7d8-t4h9l","timestamp":"20241119194956","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Mmonaki","url":"https:\/\/sw.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mmonaki","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q733786","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q733786","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Uchangiaji katika miradi ya Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2009-05-02T21:43:17Z","dateModified":"2021-01-17T06:28:49Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/ff\/Debating_Monks.JPG"}</script> </body> </html>