Home | Economic Research Service

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="description" content="The Economics of Food, Farming, Natural Resources, and Rural America." /> <link rel="shortlink" href="http://www.ers.usda.gov/" /> <link rel="canonical" href="http://www.ers.usda.gov/" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="gWMZ-j8KBKzSJytO2xaxEcmizd4UT6Ng04GlyACWD-c" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/uswds_ers/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <title>Home | Economic Research Service</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/align.module.css?stzso1" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/fieldgroup.module.css?stzso1" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/container-inline.module.css?stzso1" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/clearfix.module.css?stzso1" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/details.module.css?stzso1" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/hidden.module.css?stzso1" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/item-list.module.css?stzso1" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/js.module.css?stzso1" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/nowrap.module.css?stzso1" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/position-container.module.css?stzso1" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/reset-appearance.module.css?stzso1" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/resize.module.css?stzso1" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-counter.css?stzso1" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-counters.css?stzso1" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-general-info.css?stzso1" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/tablesort.module.css?stzso1" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/extlink/css/extlink.css?stzso1" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/uswds_ers/package/dist/css/uswds.css?stzso1" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/uswds_ers/assets/stylesheets/custom.css?stzso1" /> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/7126","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":true,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":true,"extTargetAppendNewWindowLabel":"(opens in a new window)","extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extTitleNoOverride":true,"extNoreferrer":true,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"0","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":"","extCssInclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":false,"extAlertText":"This link will take you to an external web site. We are not responsible for their content.","extHideIcons":false,"mailtoClass":"0","telClass":"0","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","telLabel":"(link is a phone number)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"append","extPreventOrphan":false,"extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","extAdditionalLinkClasses":"usa-link--external","extAdditionalMailtoClasses":"","extAdditionalTelClasses":"","extFaTelClasses":"fa fa-phone","whitelistedDomains":[],"extExcludeNoreferrer":""}},"dataLayer":{"page":{"nid":"7126","chartId":"","pubId":"","title":"Home","date":"2025-04-03","type":"","series":"","authors":[],"division":"","breadcrumbs":["Home"],"pageName":"","siteSectionSecondLevel":"","siteSectionThirdLevel":"","siteSectionFourthLevel":""}},"csp":{"nonce":"lyaLnf1u2R4eEmJNBepIpA"},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"4bb03df81a3ad7028055310c1ac50c7ef0e387fc151a6e8a8c082b65b8d57406"}}</script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/once/once.min.js?v=1.0.1"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupalSettingsLoader.js?v=10.4.3"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupal.js?v=10.4.3"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupal.init.js?v=10.4.3"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/ers_blocks/js/AppMeasurement.js?v=2.26.0.1"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/ers_blocks/js/VisitorAPI.js?v=5.5.0"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/ers_blocks/js/adobeAnalyticsUsdaErs.js?v=1"></script> <script src="https://dap.digitalgov.gov/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Min.js?agency=USDA&subagency=ERS" async id="_fed_an_ua_tag"></script> </head> <body> <a href="#main-content" class="usa-sr-only focusable"> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>  <a class="usa-skipnav" href="#main-content">Skip to main content</a>  <section class="usa-banner" aria-label="Official website of the United States government"> <div class="usa-accordion"> <header class="usa-banner__header"> <div class="usa-banner__inner"> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <img aria-hidden="true" class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="/themes/custom/uswds_ers/package/dist/img//us_flag_small.png" alt="" /> </div> <div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto" aria-hidden="true"> <p class="usa-banner__header-text"> An official website of the United States government </p> <p class="usa-banner__header-action">Here’s how you know</p> </div> <button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-default-default"> <span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here’s how you know</span> </button> </div> </header> <div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner-default-default"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg"> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/themes/custom/uswds_ers/package/dist/img//icon-dot-gov.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true" /> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Official websites use .gov</strong> <br />A <strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. </p> </div> </div> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/themes/custom/uswds_ers/package/dist/img//icon-https.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true" /> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong> <br />A <strong>lock</strong> ( <span class="icon-lock"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52" height="64" viewBox="0 0 52 64" class="usa-banner__lock-image" role="img" aria-labelledby="banner-lock-description-default" focusable="false"> <title id="banner-lock-title-default">Lock</title> <desc id="banner-lock-description-default">Locked padlock icon</desc> <path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z" /> </svg> </span>) or <strong>https://</strong> means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section>   <div class="usa-overlay"></div>  <header class="usa-header usa-header--extended"> <div class="usa-navbar"> <div class="usa-logo" id="logo"> <div class="grid-row flex-align-center grid-gap-2"> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <a href="http://www.ers.usda.gov/"><img class="width-7 desktop:width-8" src="/themes/custom/uswds_ers/assets/images/usda-symbol.svg" alt="U.S. Department of Agriculture logo"></a> </div> <div class="grid-col-fill"> <em class="usa-logo__text desktop:margin-bottom-05"> <a href="http://www.ers.usda.gov/" class="font-sans-sm tablet:font-sans-md desktop:font-sans-lg">Economic Research Service</a> </em> <a href="https://www.usda.gov/" class="hide-mobile hide-tablet display-block text-normal font-sans-xs">U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE</a> </div> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="usa-menu-btn">Menu</button> </div> <nav aria-label="Primary navigation" class="usa-nav"> <div class="usa-nav__inner"> <button type="button" class="usa-nav__close"> <img src="/themes/custom/uswds_ers/package/dist/img//usa-icons/close.svg" role="img" alt=""> </button> <ul class="usa-nav__primary usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <a href="/topics" class="usa-nav__link simple-link">Topics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-mega-nav-section-2"> <span>Data</span> </button> <div id="extended-mega-nav-section-2" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu" hidden=""> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-4"> <div class="usa-col"> <div> <div id="block-navdatacolumn1" class="block block-block-content block-block-content6dbf8ad9-725a-4bf7-a060-c8d76690c5b7"> <p class="hide-mobile hide-tablet margin-top-1 margin-bottom-0 font-sans-xl text-bold text-primary-dark">Access the Data</p> <p class="hide-mobile hide-tablet line-height-sans-3">Access and analyze data sets, maps, charts and graphs.</p> <a class="usa-button margin-top-2 desktop:margin-top-0" href="/data-products">Browse All Data</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="usa-col"> <div> <ul id="block-navdatacolumn2" class="usa-nav__submenu-list block block-block-content block-block-contenta6258f45-9115-46d5-8c89-26b57c9843bd"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item desktop:border-bottom"> <p class="desktop:margin-bottom-1 text-bold font-sans-sm">Data by Type</p> <p class="hide-mobile hide-tablet margin-top-0 font-sans-3xs line-height-sans-3">Access the Data</p> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/data-products?type=charts">Charts</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/data-products?type=downloadable-data-files">Downloadable Data Files</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/data-products?type=queryable-data-applications">Queryable Data Applications</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/data-products?type=maps">Maps</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="usa-col"> <div> <ul id="block-navdatacolumn3" class="usa-nav__submenu-list block block-block-content block-block-content1f045922-8309-408f-b4be-bac727e100ee"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item desktop:border-bottom"> <p class="desktop:margin-bottom-1 text-bold font-sans-sm">Data by Topic</p> <p class="hide-mobile hide-tablet margin-top-0 font-sans-3xs line-height-sans-3">Explore the Data Repository</p> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/data-products?topic=animal-products">Animal Products</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/data-products?topic=crops">Crops</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/data-products?topic=farm-bill">Farm Bill</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/data-products?topic=farm-economy">Farm Economy</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/data-products?topic=farm-practices-management">Farm Practices & Management</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/data-products?topic=food-nutrition-assistance">Food & Nutrition Assistance</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/data-products?topic=food-choices-health">Food Choices & Health</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/data-products?topic=food-markets-prices">Food Markets & Prices</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/data-products?topic=food-safety">Food Safety</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/data-products?topic=international-markets-us-trade">International Markets & U.S. Trade</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/data-products?topic=natural-resources-environment">Natural Resources & Environment</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/data-products?topic=rural-economy-population">Rural Economy & Population</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="usa-col"> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-mega-nav-section-3"> <span>Analysis</span> </button> <div id="extended-mega-nav-section-3" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu" hidden=""> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-4"> <div class="usa-col"> <div> <div id="block-navanalysiscolumn1" class="block block-block-content block-block-content527ff1ec-28bc-4743-9a72-47e9278baf50"> <p class="hide-mobile hide-tablet margin-top-1 margin-bottom-0 font-sans-xl text-bold text-primary-dark">Understand the Research</p> <p class="hide-mobile hide-tablet line-height-sans-3">Get insights and objective analysis from experts in the field.</p> <a class="usa-button margin-top-2 desktop:margin-top-0" href="/publications">Browse All Analysis</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="usa-col"> <div> <ul id="block-navanalysiscolumn2" class="usa-nav__submenu-list block block-block-content block-block-content7b2f9f6c-f2fe-4753-b31b-4745e75857fd"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item desktop:border-left-05 desktop:border-primary-dark"> <a href="/publications?series=research-reports" class="desktop:margin-bottom-1"> <span class="display-block text-bold font-sans-sm">Research Reports</span> <span class="display-block hide-mobile hide-tablet font-sans-3xs">Published Papers from ERS</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item desktop:border-left-05 desktop:border-primary-dark"> <a href="/publications?series=outlook-reports" class="desktop:margin-bottom-1"> <span class="display-block text-bold font-sans-sm">Outlook Reports</span> <span class="display-block hide-mobile hide-tablet font-sans-3xs">Agricultural Outlooks and Projections</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="usa-col"> <div> <ul id="block-navanalysiscolumn3" class="usa-nav__submenu-list block block-block-content block-block-content25ac9f29-ebd7-4817-a39f-1f0ec033f7e5"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item desktop:border-left-05 desktop:border-primary-dark"> <a href="/amber-waves" class="desktop:margin-bottom-1"> <span class="display-block text-bold font-sans-sm">Amber Waves</span> <span class="display-block hide-mobile hide-tablet font-sans-3xs">The Economics of Food, Farming, Natural Resources, and Rural Amer…</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item desktop:border-left-05 desktop:border-primary-dark"> <a href="/data-products/charts-of-note" class="desktop:margin-bottom-1"> <span class="display-block text-bold font-sans-sm">Charts of Note</span> <span class="display-block hide-mobile hide-tablet font-sans-3xs">Fast facts on U.S. agriculture</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="usa-col"> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-mega-nav-section-4"> <span>Newsroom</span> </button> <div id="extended-mega-nav-section-4" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu" hidden=""> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-4"> <div class="usa-col"> <div> <div id="block-navnewsroomcolumn1" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentde5cb6af-9c19-490e-8175-c54d1ed8cf62"> <p class="hide-mobile hide-tablet margin-top-1 margin-bottom-0 font-sans-xl text-bold text-primary-dark">Newsroom</p> <p class="hide-mobile hide-tablet line-height-sans-3">See what's new and what's trending from ERS.</p> <a class="usa-button margin-top-2 desktop:margin-top-0" href="/newsroom">Visit the Newsroom</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="usa-col"> <div> <ul id="block-navnewsroomcolumn2" class="usa-nav__submenu-list block block-block-content block-block-contenta63a75ba-34d2-41c6-a3bf-b2bd78a408f3"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item desktop:border-left-05 desktop:border-primary-dark"> <a href="/newsroom/events" class="desktop:margin-bottom-1"> <span class="display-block text-bold font-sans-sm">Events</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item desktop:border-left-05 desktop:border-primary-dark"> <a href="/newsroom/trending-topics" class="desktop:margin-bottom-1"> <span class="display-block text-bold font-sans-sm">Trending Topics</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item desktop:border-left-05 desktop:border-primary-dark"> <a href="/newsroom/contact-ers-press-office" class="desktop:margin-bottom-1"> <span class="display-block text-bold font-sans-sm">Contact ERS Press Office</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="usa-col"> <div> <ul id="block-navnewsroomcolumn3" class="usa-nav__submenu-list block block-block-content block-block-content13c6d10a-517b-44e4-8ddf-b1ad696370f2"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item desktop:border-left-05 desktop:border-primary-dark"> <a href="/subject-specialists" class="desktop:margin-bottom-1"> <span class="display-block text-bold font-sans-sm">Subject Specialists</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item desktop:border-left-05 desktop:border-primary-dark"> <a href="/faqs" class="desktop:margin-bottom-1"> <span class="display-block text-bold font-sans-sm">FAQs</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="usa-col"> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <a href="/amber-waves" class="usa-nav__link simple-link">Amber Waves</a> </li> </ul> <div class="usa-nav__secondary"> <div> <ul id="block-navsecondarylinks" class="usa-nav__secondary-links block block-block-content block-block-content3edf4787-d591-4248-a272-95444cfb5711"> <li class="usa-nav__secondary-item"> <a href="/calendar">Calendar</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__secondary-item"> <a href="/about-ers">About</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__secondary-item"> <a href="/about-ers/careers-at-ers">Careers</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__secondary-item"> <a href="/faqs">FAQs</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__secondary-item"> <a href="/contact-us">Contact Us</a> </li> </ul> </div> <section aria-label="Search component"> <form class="usa-search usa-search--small " role="search" method="GET" action="https://search.ers.usda.gov/search"> <input name="affiliate" type="hidden" value="ers" aria-hidden="true"> <label class="usa-sr-only" for="search-field">Search</label> <input class="usa-input" id="search-field" type="search" name="query"> <button class="usa-button" type="submit"> <img src="/themes/custom/uswds_ers/package/dist/img//usa-icons-bg/search--white.svg" class="usa-search__submit-icon" alt="Search"> </button> </form> </section> </div> </div> </nav> </header>  <main id="main-content">  <div class="grid-container-desktop-lg"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div>  <div class="grid-container-desktop-lg"> </div>    <div> <div> <div id="block-homepage-slides" class="block block-ers-blocks block-homepage-slides"> <div class="padding-y-3 desktop:padding-y-8" style="background-position:center; background-size:cover; background-image: url('/sites/default/files/homepage-slide-2025-01-soybeans.jpg');"> <div class="grid-container-desktop-lg"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-3"> <div class="desktop:grid-col-5 tablet:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2"> <div class="bg-primary-darker shadow-5 text-white height-full padding-3"> <h1 class="font-heading-xl section-heading-gold margin-top-0"> <a class="text-white text-no-underline hover:text-underline stretched-link" href="/about-ers">About ERS</a> </h1> <p class="usa-prose">ERS anticipates trends and emerging issues in agriculture, food, the environment, and rural America and conducts high-quality, objective economic research to inform and enhance public and private decision making.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container-desktop-lg padding-y-5"> <ul class="usa-card-group"> <li class="desktop:grid-col tablet:grid-col-6 usa-card"> <div class="usa-card__container custom-card"> <div class="usa-card__header"> <h4 class="line-clamp-4"><a class="usa-link font-sans-md text-no-underline hover:text-underline stretched-link" href="/publications/pub-details?pubid=111288">Manufacturers' Bids for Infant Formula Rebate Contracts, 2013-23</a></h4> </div> <div class="usa-card__media"> <div class="usa-card__img radius-0"> <img src="https://www.ers.usda.gov/sites/default/files/styles/card_480x270/public/ERR-349.jpg?itok=doEEaq5a" alt="Infants being fed bottles of formula, a woman looking at formula in a store, and formula being mixed in a bottle." width="480" height="270" /> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="desktop:grid-col tablet:grid-col-6 usa-card"> <div class="usa-card__container custom-card"> <div class="usa-card__header"> <h4 class="line-clamp-4"><a class="usa-link font-sans-md text-no-underline hover:text-underline stretched-link" href="/publications/pub-details?pubid=111230">Fruit and Tree Nuts Outlook: March 2025</a></h4> </div> <div class="usa-card__media"> <div class="usa-card__img radius-0"> <img src="https://www.ers.usda.gov/sites/default/files/styles/card_480x270/public/Fruit_Treenut_Outlook.jpg?itok=WQ7cDYPh" alt="A bowl filled with an assortment of fruits" width="480" height="270" /> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="desktop:grid-col tablet:grid-col-6 usa-card"> <div class="usa-card__container custom-card"> <div class="usa-card__header"> <h4 class="line-clamp-4"><a class="usa-link font-sans-md text-no-underline hover:text-underline stretched-link" href="/data-products/rice-yearbook">Rice Yearbook Tables: March 2025</a></h4> </div> <div class="usa-card__media"> <div class="usa-card__img radius-0"> <img src="https://www.ers.usda.gov/sites/default/files/styles/card_480x270/public/Rice_Yearbook.png?itok=XNN1-w6j" alt="A top down photograph showing dry grains of rice" width="480" height="270" /> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="desktop:grid-col tablet:grid-col-6 usa-card"> <div class="usa-card__container custom-card"> <div class="usa-card__header"> <h4 class="line-clamp-4"><a class="usa-link font-sans-md text-no-underline hover:text-underline stretched-link" href="/publications/pub-details?pubid=111214">Agricultural Income and Finance Situation and Outlook: 2024 Edition</a></h4> </div> <div class="usa-card__media"> <div class="usa-card__img radius-0"> <img src="https://www.ers.usda.gov/sites/default/files/styles/card_480x270/public/EIB-280%20Feature.jpg?h=6f998b1a&itok=CF5Afa5Z" alt="Green and yellow barn in front of a forest of trees with smaller trees next to the barn." width="480" height="270" /> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="block-homepage-featured-products" class="bg-primary-darker text-white padding-y-5 block block-ers-blocks block-homepage-featured-products"> <div class="grid-container-desktop-lg"> <ul class="usa-list usa-list--unstyled grid-row grid-gap-3 flex-align-stretch"> <li class="tablet:grid-col-6 padding-bottom-2"> <div class="grid-row flex-align-center height-full"> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <img class="width-10 desktop:width-15 margin-right-2" src="/sites/default/files/con-app-tile.png" alt="Charts of Note app tile"> </div> <div class="grid-col-fill position-static"> <h3 class="font-heading-md desktop:font-heading-lg margin-y-1"> <a class="usa-link-accent-cool text-no-underline hover:text-underline stretched-link" href="/data-products/charts-of-note">Charts of Note</a> </h3> <p class="margin-y-1">Fast facts on U.S. agriculture</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="tablet:grid-col-6 padding-bottom-2"> <div class="grid-row flex-align-center height-full"> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <img class="width-10 desktop:width-15 margin-right-2" src="/sites/default/files/charting-the-essentials-logo.png" alt="Charting the Essentials icon"> </div> <div class="grid-col-fill position-static"> <h3 class="font-heading-md desktop:font-heading-lg margin-y-1"> <a class="usa-link-accent-cool text-no-underline hover:text-underline stretched-link" href="/data-products/ag-and-food-statistics-charting-the-essentials">Ag and Food Statistics: Charting the Essentials</a> </h3> <p class="margin-y-1">The basics on food, farming, and rural America, in a set of 70 charts and maps.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="tablet:grid-col-6 padding-bottom-2"> <div class="grid-row flex-align-center height-full"> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <img class="width-10 desktop:width-15 margin-right-2" src="/sites/default/files/fara-app-tile.png" alt="Food Access Research Atlas tile"> </div> <div class="grid-col-fill position-static"> <h3 class="font-heading-md desktop:font-heading-lg margin-y-1"> <a class="usa-link-accent-cool text-no-underline hover:text-underline stretched-link" href="/data-products/food-access-research-atlas">Food Access Research Atlas</a> </h3> <p class="margin-y-1">Create maps using several options to describe food access.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="tablet:grid-col-6 padding-bottom-2"> <div class="grid-row flex-align-center height-full"> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <img class="width-10 desktop:width-15 margin-right-2" src="/sites/default/files/fea-app-tile.png" alt="Food Environment Atlas tile"> </div> <div class="grid-col-fill position-static"> <h3 class="font-heading-md desktop:font-heading-lg margin-y-1"> <a class="usa-link-accent-cool text-no-underline hover:text-underline stretched-link" href="/data-products/food-environment-atlas">Food Environment Atlas</a> </h3> <p class="margin-y-1">Use this tool to map community access to affordable, healthy food.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="tablet:grid-col-6 padding-bottom-2"> <div class="grid-row flex-align-center height-full"> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <img class="width-10 desktop:width-15 margin-right-2" src="/sites/default/files/aw-tile.png" alt="Amber Waves Magazine app tile"> </div> <div class="grid-col-fill position-static"> <h3 class="font-heading-md desktop:font-heading-lg margin-y-1"> <a class="usa-link-accent-cool text-no-underline hover:text-underline stretched-link" href="/amber-waves">Amber Waves</a> </h3> <p class="margin-y-1">The Economics of Food, Farming, Natural Resources, and Rural America.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="tablet:grid-col-6 padding-bottom-2"> <div class="grid-row flex-align-center height-full"> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <img class="width-10 desktop:width-15 margin-right-2" src="/sites/default/files/data-viz.png" alt="Data visualizations tile"> </div> <div class="grid-col-fill position-static"> <h3 class="font-heading-md desktop:font-heading-lg margin-y-1"> <a class="usa-link-accent-cool text-no-underline hover:text-underline stretched-link" href="/data-products/data-visualizations">Data Visualizations</a> </h3> <p class="margin-y-1">Explore interactive graphs, charts and maps.</p> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="block-homepage-featured-data" class="padding-y-5 block block-ers-blocks block-homepage-featured-data" style="background-position:center; background-size:cover; background-image: url('/sites/default/files/bg22.jpg');"> <div class="grid-container-desktop-lg"> <ul class="usa-card-group"> <li class="usa-card tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col"> <div class="usa-card__container custom-card"> <div class="usa-card__header"> <h2 class="usa-card__heading font-heading-2xl section-heading-gold">Data</h2> </div> <div class="usa-card__body"> <p>Access and analyze charts, maps, downloadable data files, and queryable data applications.</p> </div> <div class="usa-card__footer"> <a class="usa-button usa-button--accent-cool" href="/data-products">Explore all Data</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-card tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col"> <div class="usa-card__container custom-card"> <div class="usa-card__header"> <h3 class="usa-card__heading font-sans-lg"><a class="usa-link text-no-underline hover:text-underline stretched-link" href="/data-products/state-fact-sheets">State Fact Sheets</a></h3> </div> <div class="usa-card__body"> <p class="line-clamp-8">The ERS State Fact Sheets provide information on population, income, poverty, food security, education, employment, farm characteristics, farm financial indicators, top commodities, and agricultural exports. Data are available for all States, and for metro/nonmetro breakouts within States (and for Puerto Rico if applicable). Links to county-level data are provided where available. </p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-card tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col"> <div class="usa-card__container custom-card"> <div class="usa-card__header"> <h3 class="usa-card__heading font-sans-lg"><a class="usa-link text-no-underline hover:text-underline stretched-link" href="/data-products/food-price-outlook">Food Price Outlook</a></h3> </div> <div class="usa-card__body"> <p class="line-clamp-8">The Food Price Outlook provides food price data and forecasts changes in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Producer Price Index (PPI) for food.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-card tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col"> <div class="usa-card__container custom-card"> <div class="usa-card__header"> <h3 class="usa-card__heading font-sans-lg"><a class="usa-link text-no-underline hover:text-underline stretched-link" href="/data-products/vegetables-and-pulses-data">Vegetables and Pulses Data</a></h3> </div> <div class="usa-card__body"> <p class="line-clamp-8">Selected Weekly Vegetable Movement and Price describes the change in shipment volume, farm prices, and retail prices of select vegetables for the week noted. Volume and prices reflect weekly marketing and supply chain conditions which can be affected by various factors including pests, weather, imports, exports, retail promotions, and labor disruptions.</p> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="block-homepage-latest-analysis" class="bg-base-lightest padding-y-5 block block-ers-blocks block-homepage-latest-analysis"> <div class="grid-container-desktop-lg"> <ul class="usa-list usa-list--unstyled grid-row grid-gap-3 flex-align-stretch"> <li class="desktop:grid-col-4 padding-bottom-2"> <div class="height-full bg-white custom-list-item"> <h3 class="font-sans-lg margin-y-1"> <a class="usa-link text-no-underline hover:text-underline" href="/publications?type=research-reports">Research Reports</a> </h3> <ul class="usa-collection usa-collection--condensed"> <li class="usa-collection__item"> <div class="usa-collection__body"> <p class="usa-collection__heading"><a class="usa-link text-no-underline hover:text-underline" href="/publications/pub-details?pubid=111288">Manufacturers' Bids for Infant Formula Rebate Contracts, 2013–23</a></p> </div> </li> <li class="usa-collection__item"> <div class="usa-collection__body"> <p class="usa-collection__heading"><a class="usa-link text-no-underline hover:text-underline" href="/publications/pub-details?pubid=111214">Agricultural Income and Finance Situation and Outlook: 2024 Edition</a></p> </div> </li> <li class="usa-collection__item"> <div class="usa-collection__body"> <p class="usa-collection__heading"><a class="usa-link text-no-underline hover:text-underline" href="/publications/pub-details?pubid=111206">Nonfamily Farm Operations and the Households That Operate Them</a></p> </div> </li> <li class="usa-collection__item"> <div class="usa-collection__body"> <p class="usa-collection__heading"><a class="usa-link text-no-underline hover:text-underline" href="/publications/pub-details?pubid=111176">European Agri-Food Trade and Brexit: The First 3 Years of the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement</a></p> </div> </li> <li class="usa-collection__item"> <div class="usa-collection__body"> <p class="usa-collection__heading"><a class="usa-link text-no-underline hover:text-underline" href="/publications/pub-details?pubid=111106">The Growing Demand for Animal Products and Feed in India: Future Prospects for Production, Trade, and Technology Innovation</a></p> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="desktop:grid-col-4 padding-bottom-2"> <div class="height-full bg-white custom-list-item"> <h3 class="font-sans-lg margin-y-1"> <a class="usa-link text-no-underline hover:text-underline" href="/publications?type=outlook-reports">Outlook Reports</a> </h3> <ul class="usa-collection usa-collection--condensed"> <li class="usa-collection__item"> <div class="usa-collection__body"> <p class="usa-collection__heading"><a class="usa-link text-no-underline hover:text-underline" href="/publications/pub-details?pubid=111230">Fruit and Tree Nuts Outlook: March 2025</a></p> </div> </li> <li class="usa-collection__item"> <div class="usa-collection__body"> <p class="usa-collection__heading"><a class="usa-link text-no-underline hover:text-underline" href="/publications/pub-details?pubid=111153">Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Outlook: March 2025</a></p> </div> </li> <li class="usa-collection__item"> <div class="usa-collection__body"> <p class="usa-collection__heading"><a class="usa-link text-no-underline hover:text-underline" href="/publications/pub-details?pubid=111159">Sugar and Sweeteners Outlook: March 2025</a></p> </div> </li> <li class="usa-collection__item"> <div class="usa-collection__body"> <p class="usa-collection__heading"><a class="usa-link text-no-underline hover:text-underline" href="/publications/pub-details?pubid=111129">Oil Crops Outlook: March 2025</a></p> </div> </li> <li class="usa-collection__item"> <div class="usa-collection__body"> <p class="usa-collection__heading"><a class="usa-link text-no-underline hover:text-underline" href="/publications/pub-details?pubid=111124">Cotton and Wool Outlook: March 2025</a></p> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="desktop:grid-col-4 padding-bottom-2"> <div class="height-full bg-white custom-list-item highlighted"> <h3 class="font-sans-lg margin-y-1">Research Spotlight</h3> <ul class="usa-collection usa-collection--condensed"> <li class="usa-collection__item"> <div class="usa-collection__body"> <p class="usa-collection__heading"><a class="usa-link text-no-underline hover:text-underline" href="/publications/pub-details?pubid=110350">Rural America at a Glance: 2024 Edition</a></p> </div> </li> <li class="usa-collection__item"> <div class="usa-collection__body"> <p class="usa-collection__heading"><a class="usa-link text-no-underline hover:text-underline" href="/publications/pub-details?pubid=106015">U.S. Organic Production, Markets, Consumers, and Policy, 2000–21</a></p> </div> </li> <li class="usa-collection__item"> <div class="usa-collection__body"> <p class="usa-collection__heading"><a class="usa-link text-no-underline hover:text-underline" href="/publications/pub-details?pubid=109313">The Food and Nutrition Assistance Landscape: Fiscal Year 2023 Annual Report</a></p> </div> </li> <li class="usa-collection__item"> <div class="usa-collection__body"> <p class="usa-collection__heading"><a class="usa-link text-no-underline hover:text-underline" href="/topics/farm-bill/2025-farm-bill/recent-farm-bill-related-research">Recent Farm Bill-Related Research</a></p> </div> </li> <li class="usa-collection__item"> <div class="usa-collection__body"> <p class="usa-collection__heading"><a class="usa-link text-no-underline hover:text-underline" href="/topics/farm-economy/farm-sector-income-finances">Farm Sector Income & Finances</a></p> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="block-aw-homepage-features" class="padding-y-5 block block-ers-blocks block-aw-homepage-features"> <div class="grid-container-desktop-lg"> <div class="grid-row flex-align-center flex-justify grid-gap-3"> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <h2 class="font-heading-2xl section-heading-gold">Amber Waves</h2> </div> <div class="grid-col-auto margin-bottom-2"> <a class="usa-button usa-button--outline maxw-16" href="/amber-waves">Explore All</a> </div> </div> <ul class="usa-card-group"> <li class="desktop:grid-col tablet:grid-col-6 usa-card"> <div class="usa-card__container custom-card"> <div class="usa-card__header"> <h4 class="line-clamp-4"><a class="usa-link font-sans-md text-no-underline hover:text-underline stretched-link" href="/amber-waves/2025/march/rising-rural-mortality-rates-from-natural-causes-for-working-age-adults-lead-to-widening-gap-with-urban-counterparts">Rising Rural Mortality Rates From Natural Causes for Working-Age Adults Lead to Widening Gap With Urban Counterparts</a></h4> </div> <div class="usa-card__media"> <div class="usa-card__img radius-0"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_480x270/public/RuralUrban-banner.png?itok=stSXMNFw" alt="Graphic of an open book with a rural setting on the left page and a city setting on the right, with eleven human silhouettes standing off to the side." width="480" height="270" /> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="desktop:grid-col tablet:grid-col-6 usa-card"> <div class="usa-card__container custom-card"> <div class="usa-card__header"> <h4 class="line-clamp-4"><a class="usa-link font-sans-md text-no-underline hover:text-underline stretched-link" href="/amber-waves/2025/march/livestock-production-cycles-affect-long-term-price-outlook-for-cattle-hogs-and-chickens">Livestock Production Cycles Affect Long-Term Price Outlook for Cattle, Hogs, and Chickens</a></h4> </div> <div class="usa-card__media"> <div class="usa-card__img radius-0"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_480x270/public/BaselineLivestock-banner.png?itok=9uD9Hrn0" alt="Three images featuring cows, pigs, and chickens in slanted frames. " width="480" height="270" /> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="desktop:grid-col tablet:grid-col-6 usa-card"> <div class="usa-card__container custom-card"> <div class="usa-card__header"> <h4 class="line-clamp-4"><a class="usa-link font-sans-md text-no-underline hover:text-underline stretched-link" href="/amber-waves/2025/february/peeling-open-us-fruit-consumption-trends">Peeling Open U.S. Fruit Consumption Trends</a></h4> </div> <div class="usa-card__media"> <div class="usa-card__img radius-0"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_480x270/public/Banner%20Image%20Fruit%20Consumption.jpg?itok=UOBWuye6" alt="Graphic of peaches, bananas, kiwi, berries, and other fruits on a plate." width="480" height="270" /> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="desktop:grid-col tablet:grid-col-6 usa-card"> <div class="usa-card__container custom-card"> <div class="usa-card__header"> <h4 class="line-clamp-4"><a class="usa-link font-sans-md text-no-underline hover:text-underline stretched-link" href="/amber-waves/2025/january/shift-in-herbaceous-biomass-on-global-rangelands-projected-to-affect-meat-and-milk-production-in-low-income-countries">Shift in Herbaceous Biomass on Global Rangelands Projected To Affect Meat and Milk Production in Low-Income Countries </a></h4> </div> <div class="usa-card__media"> <div class="usa-card__img radius-0"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_480x270/public/Banner_image_herbaceous_biomass_1.png?h=92cc0994&itok=EOTEU0ss" alt="Photo of black cows with yellow ear tags grazing on grass. " width="480" height="270" /> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="block-homepage-promo-banner" class="padding-y-3 desktop:padding-y-8 block block-ers-blocks block-homepage-promo-banner" style="background-position:center; background-size:cover; background-image: url('/sites/default/files/bg18.jpg');"> <div class="grid-container-desktop-lg"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-3"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-5 margin-bottom-2"> <div class="bg-white shadow-5 height-full padding-3"> <h2 class="font-heading-xl section-heading-gold margin-top-0">Get the latest news & research</h2> <p class="usa-prose">Stay informed by subscribing to our e-mail notification service! You will receive announcements of our latest reports and other news as shown on the ERS calendar.</p> <p><a class="usa-button usa-button--accent-cool" href="https://visitor.r20.constantcontact.com/manage/optin?v=001CPZXBN9FC9oQmIu-TWkaLC06vEWBMy1Q">Subscribe</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="grid-container-desktop-lg"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-3">   <div class="desktop:grid-col-fill"> <div id="block-uswds-ers-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <article data-history-node-id="7126"> <div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div>   </main>  <footer class="usa-footer usa-footer--big"> <div class="grid-container usa-footer__return-to-top"> <a href="#">Return to top</a> </div> <div class="usa-footer__primary-section"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-8"> <nav class="usa-footer__nav" aria-label="Footer navigation"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-4"> <div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3"> <div> <div id="block-erslinks" class="usa-footer__primary-content usa-footer__primary-content--collapsible block block-block-content block-block-contentf13f7333-6453-4473-81d8-3036e35013d4"> <h4 class="usa-footer__primary-link">ERS Links</h4> <ul class="usa-list usa-list--unstyled"> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/help/accessibility">Accessibility</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/about-ers/careers-at-ers">Careers</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/contact-us">Contact Us</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/help">Help</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/about-ers/policies-and-standards/information-quality">Information Quality</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/privacy">Privacy Policy</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/index/sitemap.xml">Site Map</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3"> <div> <div id="block-usdalinks" class="usa-footer__primary-content usa-footer__primary-content--collapsible block block-block-content block-block-content58ec706d-11bf-4052-9069-258798fc676b"> <h4 class="usa-footer__primary-link">USDA Links</h4> <ul class="usa-list usa-list--unstyled"> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/freedom-of-information-act">FOIA</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="https://www.usda.gov/non-discrimination-statement">Non-Discrimination Statement</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="https://www.usda.gov/plain-writing">Plain Writing</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="https://usdaoig.oversight.gov/">Report Fraud</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="https://www.usda.gov/">USDA.gov</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/">White House.gov</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3"> </div> <div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3"> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-4"> <div> <div id="block-footersignup" class="usa-sign-up block block-block-content block-block-content39783e6f-aae9-40d1-9627-10ef8db98ed3"> <h3 class="usa-sign-up__heading">ERS E-newsletters</h3> <a class="usa-button" href="http://visitor.r20.constantcontact.com/manage/optin?v=001CPZXBN9FC9oQmIu-TWkaLC06vEWBMy1Q">Subscribe</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="usa-footer__secondary-section"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap"> <div class="usa-footer__logo grid-row mobile-lg:grid-col-6 mobile-lg:grid-gap-2"> <div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-auto"> <img class="usa-footer__logo-img width-8" src="/themes/custom/uswds_ers/assets/images/usda-symbol.svg" alt="U.S. Department of Agriculture logo" /> </div> <div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-auto"> <p class="usa-footer__logo-heading">Economic Research Service</p> </div> </div> <div class="usa-footer__contact-links mobile-lg:grid-col-6"> <div> <div id="block-footersociallinks" class="usa-footer__social-links grid-row grid-gap-1 block block-block-content block-block-content203b4224-078b-4f64-b252-631eece03f7d"> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <a class="usa-social-link" href="https://x.com/USDA_ERS"> <img class="usa-social-link__icon" src="/themes/custom/uswds_ers/package/dist/img/usa-icons/x.svg" alt="x logo" /> </a> </div> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <a class="usa-social-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/usda-economic-research-service/"> <img class="usa-social-link__icon" src="/themes/custom/uswds_ers/package/dist/img/usa-icons/linkedin.svg" alt="LinkedIn logo" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer>  <div> <div id="block-uswds-ers-adobeanalytics" class="block block-ers-blocks block-adobe-analytics"> </div> <div id="block-uswds-ers-googleanalyticsdap" class="block block-ers-blocks block-google-analytics-dap"> </div> <div id="block-uswds-ers-googleanalyticsusda" class="block block-ers-blocks block-google-analytics-usda">  <script type="text/javascript"> (function (i, s, o, g, r, a, m) { i['GoogleAnalyticsObject'] = r; i[r] = i[r] || function () { (i[r].q = i[r].q || []).push(arguments) }, i[r].l = 1 * new Date(); a = s.createElement(o), m = s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0]; a.async = 1; a.src = g; m.parentNode.insertBefore(a, m) })(window, document, 'script', 'https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js', 'ga'); ga('create', 'UA-27627304-10', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> </div> <div id="block-uswds-ers-googlesiteverification" class="block block-ers-blocks block-google-site-verification"> </div> <div id="block-uswds-ers-qualtrics" class="block block-ers-blocks block-qualtrics">   <script type='text/javascript'> (function () { var g = function (e, h, f, g) { this.get = function (a) { for (var a = a + "=", c = document.cookie.split(";"), b = 0, e = c.length; b < e; b++) { for (var d = c[b]; " " == d.charAt(0);)d = d.substring(1, d.length); if (0 == d.indexOf(a)) return d.substring(a.length, d.length) } return null }; this.set = function (a, c) { var b = "", b = new Date; b.setTime(b.getTime() + 6048E5); b = "; expires=" + b.toGMTString(); document.cookie = a + "=" + c + b + "; path=/; " }; this.check = function () { var a = this.get(f); if (a) a = a.split(":"); else if (100 != e) "v" == h && (e = Math.random() >= e / 100 ? 0 : 100), a = [h, e, 0], this.set(f, a.join(":")); else return !0; var c = a[1]; if (100 == c) return !0; switch (a[0]) { case "v": return !1; case "r": return c = a[2] % Math.floor(100 / c), a[2]++, this.set(f, a.join(":")), !c }return !0 }; this.go = function () { if (this.check()) { var a = document.createElement("script"); a.type = "text/javascript"; a.src = g; document.body && document.body.appendChild(a) } }; this.start = function () { var t = this; "complete" !== document.readyState ? window.addEventListener ? window.addEventListener("load", function () { t.go() }, !1) : window.attachEvent && window.attachEvent("onload", function () { t.go() }) : t.go() }; }; try { (new g(100, "r", "QSI_S_ZN_7TH4rRQTkc03Ua2", "https://zn7th4rrqtkc03ua2-usdaers.gov1.siteintercept.qualtrics.com/SIE/?Q_ZID=ZN_7TH4rRQTkc03Ua2")).start() } catch (i) { } })(); </script><div id='ZN_7TH4rRQTkc03Ua2'></div>  </div> </div> </div> <script src="/modules/contrib/extlink/js/extlink.js?v=10.4.3"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/uswds_ers/package/dist/js/uswds.min.js?v=3.8.2"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Home | Economic Research Service