CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '9206bdac4d5c64ca',cH: 'fY.UWwfbl6LTPhhJxz.9y_3ZicEWy.hpH093dD.q_9A-1741986449-1.2.1.1-3l_HVBXs2124PUnTmyfryfAPcumkLowI_HQmK97L2ncvw5B2sXU1XbJi7MA5NuJn',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/10.1029\/2021GL093047?__cf_chl_tk=XSHUjW1ZBP0HNKt7_UIBJcRv5Gr4_dVO1bn6O5Vy5do-1741986449-1.0.1.1-GeqYaCdKgeTs5D.1VfjL5gmcLGJ9jpWRK9iuPmUlGLg",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741986449',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/10.1029\/2021GL093047?__cf_chl_f_tk=XSHUjW1ZBP0HNKt7_UIBJcRv5Gr4_dVO1bn6O5Vy5do-1741986449-1.0.1.1-GeqYaCdKgeTs5D.1VfjL5gmcLGJ9jpWRK9iuPmUlGLg",md: "45UtudTuKJc5sgz8eyF.mmHH1MuuD3RJR5jEssU7bXM-1741986449-1.2.1.1-USUVWqWe2T8tHWI7i5d_YW18ZkJj8B.yQBVqkId.N5XuEkN7gfCmDeaBX4xjTfbGMHvW9PJXpDHe0B.W0g93JyTVwO7DqE9M918KQvnwgCoz2ITYjIM3aF.hOto6nut3CF2eCxgGF8G3Zg1zWOe_BL_fj3oGdXeNbwdyVUlzmJb56uqwRmrNK4fdThxySKqdQfXWiPJpFnAn3stn3PrlESX.g.Z5Gh1FlMY0lBnbkuEAhJ9TEhy6yrQPaiJYGmZ0GtWDtqIge9EaqcmH0FX7mS8njodjpHWBB28tvNv.frWjBAT9zK9I04QoFFKoF8JGVB5gu1pBN4L9yw.d6khRBfUfngWLmuU16E.1VUFJNfExMzi7.Knv3u4h0d_F81LVtbLP3jLcq474DsHPBc7vh2LWT80wlM1wcHqFYdXIvNSLkv.691VsJ55vctTrMC3pEpqPI9b3j_TO8V.Gb8wZmVgHZIMqM8A3IHF8qWibKT0gF7VlH3sYPbbnW72x07Ii2XxkFcUgmwuGYHenH2GqSNfF20mtMwODGRwxbFegvFqBB0nmKPaw0Y0u0rFY8l_cPm6EJwPwKTIgyX5_Y.mGlS0rqhvrD0ew1ko9mn_H.fcRoIvnbtk6fl8Xm0.W1LLnNqcwKbb66jMzq.BHxIeS7gFCzHNjHQGHMVYqMpEvKRUZwjXqsTSD6hdw0JA8E08afbRElPC.JQpYqVNJZ3O0H79c.OzGeRpAiTpVNqHpcS6HtxfrUIER2K9PiYpwPvi6griC2byMqA8.fJ0S6FGPAGgY7a3OkaeDcGT48WNKRG8VJkgEBkib3WPAu6bGepsO39Y8PFrLfqQGSSAbDrX0a4PZAnH4.PbO6D5gIBgdYWEd6wvSlOPKRIXDFpJ5airj6A9yKlQk6HQR_7630mAwex07sGILpoyYf16i.jCSkjdc.XaNoHXkmhxXHcfPv6oT17RCp4vyOYeHl_d961inooNy1sz2d1qW2iDGDdByL6RjVpeSZEZOK0sjpJ00QK2tBPKyVTUI4IfAn2m_ZHJikM_aVpVrGzJOC9PBWqqq4vaHs90erg1_5eZTt8iOAvLKCa6tllcsp_6.DG81mNJtFe7GmS4Jfk_mNHYn3ntkRG7bCyK_qKA7Fpqyxi81x_9PfCkM.SR_gIyyLrUT5kAo9DL1sP2PHnvPcY8BurH7YpJ5ReSAUplbGdhgh3JviovIG.lUGyobpcKJk3qanLB_kAl4mlkIPLpnUKEerJeUTN.Nkbxe8uBBKzxrcFtjhuaNnMEf4g91EqUiif8g2QScLiQGHoTu0jxua.YSTtjqrIo",mdrd: "dGrzhMZQgf530zSNjKM92Xw4dFhB.5JzhtPHaRxExIE-1741986449-1.2.1.1-iEpqmLbBaO0t4ot4AKARBxFuT1HecFmJ1rwJ7H.83rdHZnq5jlJKJJ0qAxwK77e_S61_AtorCMBxi32dS1spOj0ryIa1bR.AR0pej4ocA4mnZbz6VDqg7buaI_Oiz8I4ZUmgGmFSmZuJ5WisDa4FwAnEOjjp5vKYyNQ8UzLiV6.56YZzoxzZbYugS1wkB_RVECqgHjnbkOfnvmskqTWm8pItwtmU5IbiL.DBl5whM9rhPz_KVKr1n8_RXpAvQcUWtfXDZWsyh6_csSwLtFkkgFGjyrIJl_8gYUrzCV.SIj8O43pddbMncqwdt.EEXL2GvPmjUNIF6UZUuEEMTYDoDRGuqxw00CBrsnjKdSLT6BqbrYXbRtBqBFlt5XfqoBDGhY.QbHJB5vlDsxUgcE4ugKhSYQukNdeYvlNLynTixWTCzZn89TX75Tay_uS.E1_mUbsvPfdbPMUwRN5duHXYiHA4coyL3FUAnrGsdFq3ut_krf14._EdPqK8fN3EBZLLEQOe2sYDh9MdZg4QrWda4ty6kkahgPO.zsqsXjdgAXYmXW.Gi8nc08f9ia56oqmmAJx1J4R9aEmh0_tOmdSi5nsHiShBk4kW3Szv3LOoj5.lSM3WQUhBSU6JAHigNluWrMmAmCmAFwuoa7JLfXf6pqd.Erg_je9L8lnC3kZ.g9QIdsjG4RG.XWfxw6byU9gOCcNCfAkMQ4kgtiATkyyyKslBvar_WYYMFYCHpHwpHntflbLG9Bn.9c7RH2tVIzvA8PKyGC7SFFFZKwzCzGf9LWHfoxqJg0P26uhrl6EvdES82NeTZdZfpLC6tWlGjZ8MSNklVvqzgmn2FB5Q1YHGRBJjd0HD_vvmBPzQD7cUX_vsPXGFkF9kvyEDw9LXQG1DxCYmvfc4BLgzzTNInj5Pu5laMjUxvJJkqJqVLA.XQI39A.ODCZZKHTm8BWrn_VE83fRY3xVf0lMEc_PbDzZx2IPwYes2H2ZTlnHhfCavv9QknjY_yQ3xCAGYfWLpApeuH68xWdIcrGzc4BGEGQhMO_UE8SAuB3cPQBToslADNx9Eki_veuXzTGQpHEdD.XpMH6zDgI1ByFwtmUxlpd6CBl0v81XDySTBeamPBE43YuDuZm5yE6HnszB2tEOlzY_QOSLca5WdXATjZ03t67sDZ43xAoYDCtEk__sBuyopPNJNrg07hvOrhczUGb708c6N8E1LvEtZ5KrZg9GeVGEA1NIJPH29RNv6Z5FAPT37fx7j8M3BSw1CG_Z92y2ijMNswOHe0ek608m0HeF4qnUrrDb5XWh9n537S9SvaUvfZRB8c_mFLq4S0Rkz9f83aTc367j3ocFQaYJczXwnR8hCtIJF3IvJjFLMbTR3GRbmK_sulV_.elRCVmqfgOp.IsTdnkvgm1a5kssN.z1tRnqAo13aU3rYE09XBgDO76g0KJUNZcGNgznchhVH53uXh6ZmraN8A5ud5nXOC9Ifs66a0iiGS.lhladUDCcfl193RnXte_i2mvZy7ho2X5sOoyQaUjZeUy3qOioj0_iN.FrmHs0dL7P1c_Yeis4_vWBbzr2LWm1ULhAMZV_8c8.1QjDwPDir_XCuBeq.lxwGTWqmLLYNCSgqMs8pNtwIG_6k5mYA8o8F_V00wB0_ujFv185kaRoRgPtMD9S10OsZFqkdVfOW11xWROvyotNT92Kk29sQ_balbrnc5mlYtw3PjPrAjwMJ_gO8HFmM1i1EgYy8afFCecV2pWt.pKkKQ6udTFnrk33zPMDth9bbAAV7FcuNTpp5Hr4Oq2SI2vifIL9z5pU4P8vlj2e9oFqrcs_I4IpfhJ.XcED9Dj7AAwsvKJgc1j0nq4IWExZkb0x9bcuIiOJQl._.FZaOkn0smm_HeU4_jG3nor8ss8aooSv5b1Yeh2qUg.4xexZ2bpqkZaNx0M4bDlxxmXwJ4A7_vSq1FjnxvaNmeB2ePMBPF2Ljy8vfmFDgTaKjPercG.LGPmRvUNkjiivyms96IZFsIQnL1CQvas79RP8AhOqmuRdTknMkzkkClqdgamdtvqP4j1js2GzwV1.XXM8GrLDrt6pHdpAeA0369QvDrRWXlXAcZE9FRNmkp6cJFC4nSD6kZZyeaw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9206bdac4d5c64ca';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/10.1029\/2021GL093047?__cf_chl_rt_tk=XSHUjW1ZBP0HNKt7_UIBJcRv5Gr4_dVO1bn6O5Vy5do-1741986449-1.0.1.1-GeqYaCdKgeTs5D.1VfjL5gmcLGJ9jpWRK9iuPmUlGLg" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>