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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Voorraad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voorraad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Voorraad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voorraad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fosfaat_en_het_milieu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fosfaat_en_het_milieu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Fosfaat en het milieu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fosfaat_en_het_milieu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fosfaat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 73 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfaat" title="Fosfaat – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fosfaat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="فوسفات – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فوسفات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="فوسفات – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فوسفات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfatu" title="Fosfatu – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fosfatu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfat" title="Fosfat – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fosfat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="فوسفات – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فوسفات" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Фасфаты – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фасфаты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Фосфат – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фосфат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfat" title="Fosfat – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fosfat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfat" title="Fosfat – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fosfat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfore%C4%8Dnany" title="Fosforečnany – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fosforečnany" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffosffad" title="Ffosffad – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffosffad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfat" title="Fosfat – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fosfat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphate" title="Phosphate – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Phosphate" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%89%CF%83%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC" title="Φωσφορικά – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φωσφορικά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphate" title="Phosphate – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Phosphate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfato" title="Fosfato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fosfato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfato" title="Fosfato – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fosfato" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfaadid" title="Fosfaadid – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Fosfaadid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfato" title="Fosfato – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fosfato" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="فسفات – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فسفات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfaatti" title="Fosfaatti – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fosfaatti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfat" title="Fosfat – Faeröers" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Fosfat" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faeröers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphate" title="Phosphate – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Phosphate" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfaat" title="Fosfaat – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Fosfaat" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosf%C3%A1it" title="Fosfáit – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fosfáit" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfato" title="Fosfato – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fosfato" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%94" title="זרחה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זרחה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="फॉस्फेट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फॉस्फेट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfati" title="Fosfati – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fosfati" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foszf%C3%A1tion" title="Foszfátion – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Foszfátion" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortofosfat" title="Ortofosfat – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ortofosfat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfato" title="Fosfato – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fosfato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfato" title="Fosfato – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fosfato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E9%85%B8%E5%A1%A9" title="リン酸塩 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リン酸塩" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfat" title="Fosfat – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Fosfat" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ფოსფატი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფოსფატი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Фосфаттар – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фосфаттар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%95%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F" title="ផូស្វាត – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ផូស្វាត" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EC%82%B0%EC%97%BC" title="인산염 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인산염" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatum" title="Phosphatum – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Phosphatum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfatai" title="Fosfatai – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fosfatai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosf%C4%81ti" title="Fosfāti – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fosfāti" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B4sfaty" title="Fôsfaty – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fôsfaty" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Фосфат – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фосфат" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="फॉस्फेट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फॉस्फेट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfat" title="Fosfat – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fosfat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfat" title="Fosfat – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fosfat" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfat" title="Fosfat – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fosfat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfat" title="Fosfat – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fosfat" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosforany" title="Fosforany – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fosforany" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfato" title="Fosfato – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fosfato" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfat" title="Fosfat – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fosfat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Фосфаты – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фосфаты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B4" title="ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱯᱷᱮᱴ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱯᱷᱮᱴ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfat" title="Fosfat – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fosfat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphate" title="Phosphate – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Phosphate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfore%C4%8Dnan" title="Fosforečnan – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fosforečnan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfat" title="Fosfat – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fosfat" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfat" title="Fosfat – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Fosfat" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfat" title="Fosfat – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fosfat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%95" title="ฟอสเฟต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟอสเฟต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfat" title="Fosfat – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fosfat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Фосфати – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фосфати" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="فاسفیٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فاسفیٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfatlar" title="Fosfatlar – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fosfatlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphat" title="Phosphat – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phosphat" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfoat" title="Fosfoat – West-Vlaams" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Fosfoat" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West-Vlaams" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphat" title="Phosphat – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Phosphat" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90" title="磷酸盐 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="磷酸盐" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ფოსფატეფი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფოსფატეფი" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><div id="sjabloon_zie_artikel" class="hatnote" style="padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.5em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Voor fosfaat in bloed, zie <a href="/wiki/Anorganisch_fosfaat" title="Anorganisch fosfaat">Anorganisch fosfaat</a>.</i> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Phosphat-Ion.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Phosphat-Ion.svg/260px-Phosphat-Ion.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Phosphat-Ion.svg/390px-Phosphat-Ion.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Phosphat-Ion.svg/520px-Phosphat-Ion.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="106" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Structuurformule" title="Structuurformule">Structuurformule</a> van het fosfaation (PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Fosfaat</b> (PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>) is de chemisch gebonden vorm waarin het <a href="/wiki/Chemisch_element" title="Chemisch element">element</a> <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">fosfor</a> het meest in <a href="/wiki/Samengestelde_stof" title="Samengestelde stof">verbindingen</a> voorkomt. Fosfaten zijn <a href="/wiki/Zuurrest" title="Zuurrest">zuurresten</a> van <a href="/wiki/Fosforzuur" title="Fosforzuur">fosforzuur</a> (H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>). Het <a href="/wiki/Polyatomisch_ion" title="Polyatomisch ion">fosfaatanion</a> (zie afbeelding hiernaast) is driewaardig negatief geladen en bezit een <a href="/wiki/Tetra%C3%ABdrische_moleculaire_geometrie" title="Tetraëdrische moleculaire geometrie">tetraëdrische structuur</a>. De meeste fosfaten zijn slecht oplosbaar in water, en zijn daarom makkelijk uit een oplossing te verwijderen via een <a href="/wiki/Neerslagreactie" title="Neerslagreactie">neerslagreactie</a>. Het fosfaation is een zwakke base. </p><p>Fosfaatverbindingen vormen samen met <a href="/wiki/Nitraat" title="Nitraat">nitraten</a> het belangrijkste bestanddeel van <a href="/wiki/Kunstmest" title="Kunstmest">kunstmest</a>. Wanneer er te veel van beide in het <a href="/wiki/Oppervlaktewater" title="Oppervlaktewater">oppervlaktewater</a> terechtkomt, leidt dit tot <a href="/wiki/Hypoxie_(water)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypoxie (water)">zuurstoftekort</a>. Vaak zijn de effecten pas op zee, in de kustwateren, te bemerken omdat daar een geringere stroom is dan in de rivieren. </p><p>De streng van <a href="/wiki/Ribonucle%C3%AFnezuur" title="Ribonucleïnezuur">RNA</a> en <a href="/wiki/Desoxyribonucle%C3%AFnezuur" class="mw-redirect" title="Desoxyribonucleïnezuur">DNA</a> bestaat uit fosfaat<a href="/wiki/Ester_(scheikunde)" title="Ester (scheikunde)">estergroepen</a> en (<a href="/wiki/Desoxyribose" title="Desoxyribose">desoxy</a>)<a href="/wiki/Ribose" title="Ribose">ribosen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voorraad">Voorraad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosfaat&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voorraad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosfaat&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voorraad"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De grootste fosfaatvindplaatsen ter wereld liggen in de <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten" title="Verenigde Staten">Verenigde Staten</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> en het westelijk deel van de <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a>, zoals in de <a href="/wiki/Marokko" title="Marokko">Marokkaanse</a> provincie Khouridga en de <a href="/wiki/Westelijke_Sahara" title="Westelijke Sahara">Westelijke Sahara</a>. Vanwege het belang van fosfaat voor de voedselvoorziening in de wereld gaat er steeds meer aandacht uit naar de eindigheid van de voorraden van fosfaat. De voorspellingen over de termijn waarop de voorraad uitgeput geraakt, variëren van 70 tot 100 jaar. Zeker is dat de grote bevolkingsgroei op de wereld in de laatste twee eeuwen samenvalt met het beschikbaar komen van goedkoop en eenvoudig beschikbaar fosfaaterts. Efficiënter gebruik van fosfaatkunstmest en hergebruik van fosfaatstromen worden daarom steeds belangrijker.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Nederland heeft <a href="/wiki/Waternet_(bedrijf)" title="Waternet (bedrijf)">Waternet</a> in het Westelijk Havengebied van Amsterdam een fabriek voor fosfaatterugwinning uit rioolwater gebouwd. De installatie kan per jaar 130 ton fosfaat leveren. De nieuwe installatie behandelt het slib uit de waterzuivering. Door toevoeging van magnesiumhydroxide of <a href="/wiki/Magnesiumchloride" title="Magnesiumchloride">magnesiumchloride</a> slaat het fosfaat neer in de vorm van <a href="/wiki/Struviet" title="Struviet">struviet</a> (Mg(NH<sub>4</sub>)PO<sub>4</sub>) en zakt het naar de bodem van de tanks waar het wordt afgetapt. Het struviet is te gebruiken als <a href="/wiki/Meststof" title="Meststof">meststof</a>. Dit komt doordat, als het struviet verwijderd is, er minder slijtage in de rest van de zuiveringsinstallatie optreedt. Daarnaast gaat het ontwateren van het resterende slib beter. Dit slib wordt verbrand in afvalenergiebedrijven. Daar moet voor betaald worden per ton nat gewicht, omdat vocht dat verdampt moet worden ten koste gaat van het rendement van de centrale. Een toename van 23% droge stof naar 25% à 26% levert daarom direct kostenbesparing op voor het rioolwaterzuiveringsbedrijf. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fosfaat_en_het_milieu">Fosfaat en het milieu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosfaat&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Fosfaat en het milieu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosfaat&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Fosfaat en het milieu"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In water bevordert fosfaat, samen met andere voor <a href="/wiki/Algenbloei" title="Algenbloei">algenbloei</a> nodige elementen, de groei van <a href="/wiki/Algen" title="Algen">algen</a>, die soms daardoor zeer uitbundig kan zijn. Na het afsterven van de algen is zuurstof nodig om deze af te breken en biomassa weer om te zetten in kooldioxide en water. Zuurstof lost echter niet snel op in water zodat in het water vervolgens een zuurstoftekort ontstaat. Groei van algen kan ook leiden tot uitbreiding van vissoorten. Sommige visserijbiologen hebben zich om die reden verzet tegen het beperken van fosfaatuitstoot.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vroeger was fosfaat een belangrijk ingrediënt van schoonmaak- en <a href="/wiki/Wasmiddel" title="Wasmiddel">wasmiddelen</a> en het kwam na gebruik voor een groot deel in het milieu terecht. Na invoering van fosfaatvrije wasmiddelen is de hoeveelheid fosfaten in het <a href="/wiki/Oppervlaktewater" title="Oppervlaktewater">oppervlaktewater</a> verminderd. <a href="/wiki/Afwasmiddel" title="Afwasmiddel">Vaatwastabletten</a> bevatten echter meestal wel fosfaat, waardoor het fosfaatgebruik sluipenderwijs zijn weg terug heeft gevonden naar het huishouden.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daarnaast komt veel fosfaat vrij in de <a href="/wiki/Landbouw" title="Landbouw">landbouw</a>. Dit leidt tot een aantasting van <a href="/wiki/Natuurgebied" title="Natuurgebied">natuurgebieden</a>. Op Europese en nationale schaal is er beleid ontwikkeld om uitstoot van fosfaat terug te dringen. Zo zijn er Europese richtlijnen om het fosfaatgebruik en de -emissies te reguleren en vervuiling van oppervlaktewater, grondwater en natuurgebieden te voorkomen. De <a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">Europese Unie</a> heeft voor Nederland een fosfaatplafond vastgesteld. De maximaal toegestane fosfaatproductie bedraagt 172,9 kiloton per jaar.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosfaat&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosfaat&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guano" title="Guano">Guano</a>, rijk aan fosfaten</li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140309232724/http://www.fosfaatrecycling.nl/">www.fosfaatrecycling.nl</a> website over hergebruik van fosfaat</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/1992/03/02/minder-fosfaat-leidt-tot-kleinere-visstand-7134795-a1383659">https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/1992/03/02/minder-fosfaat-leidt-tot-kleinere-visstand-7134795-a1383659</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606042211/https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/1992/03/02/minder-fosfaat-leidt-tot-kleinere-visstand-7134795-a1383659">Gearchiveerd</a> op 6 juni 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milieudefensie.nl/publicaties/magazine/2007/juni/consument.pdf">Schoon afwassen</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Onbereikbare_externe_links" title="Wikipedia:Onbereikbare externe links">[dode link]</a></sup> Milieudefensie Magazine, juni 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rvszoeksysteem.rivm.nl/stof/detail/2518">fosfaat:RIVM</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606042624/https://rvszoeksysteem.rivm.nl/stof/detail/2518">Gearchiveerd</a> op 6 juni 2023.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Phosphates#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Phosphates">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Phosphates#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Phosphates">Phosphates</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <div class="interProject wiktionary mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/fosfaat" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/fosfaat">WikiWoordenboek</a></div><div class="interProjectTemplate"></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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