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1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="content whole type-biographie" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yZ020515_0"><i class="anchor" id="yZ020515_0"></i><div class="clearfix"></div><div class="media-container float-md-start me-2 col-md-3 text-center"><figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"><a data-ucode="PH996776" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Maimonide" href="/media/maimonide-ph996776/"><img id="PH996776" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/5/f/csm_ph996776_a9152519ff.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Maimonide - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Maimonide (1138-1204), savant et philosophe juif, également connu sous le nom de Ramban." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="681" height="1024" /></a><figcaption class="figure-caption"><p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Maimonide </p><p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p></figcaption></figure></div><p> Né à Cordoue, mort à Fostat (Vieux Caire), <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Moïse doit sa célébrité aux textes de l'Ancien Testament. Il y est présenté comme le chef qui a conduit les Israélites hors d'Égypte et leur a donné leur loi, la Tōrah. Ce sont, en effet, les livres de la Tōrah (Pentateuque) qui, de l' Exode au Deutéronome , parlent le plus de Moïse. Le livre des Juges le mentionne rarement, mais il nous apprend que la famille de Moïse exer..." title="Article : MOÏSE" href="/encyclopedie/moise/">Moïse</a> ben Maïmon, dit Maimonide, incarne trois aspects majeurs du judaïsme médiéval. Formé par son père au <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Pour le judaïsme, l'authentique interprétation de la Bible hébraïque a été déposée dans la Tora orale, qui constitue le complément et l'achèvement incontestable de la Tora écrite. Véritable « mystère » divin, elle n'a été confiée par le Verbe qu'à la seule communauté d' Israël , puis transmise par la bouche, de maître à élève, de génération en génération. Mais, d..." title="Article : TALMUD" href="/encyclopedie/talmud/">Talmud</a> et aux philosophes arabes en Espagne, puis au Maroc durant les persécutions des Almohades – persécutions et conversions forcées qui anéantissent le judaïsme d'al-Andalus et d'Afrique du Nord (à l'exception de l'Égypte) –, Maimonide compile un code complet, clair et concis des lois juives, le <em>Mishneh</em><em> Torah</em> ou « Répétition de la Loi », tandis que son frère David, marchand au long cours, subvient à ses besoins. Son frère disparu lors d'une expédition aux Indes, il pratique la médecine à titre privé ainsi qu'au service d'Alfadhel, vizir de Saladin, composant plusieurs traités médicaux. Dirigeant de sa communauté, il pourvoit aux besoins des pauvres et des captifs. Philosophe, il concilie croyance et rationalisme dans son <em>Guide des Égarés</em> écrit en arabe mais bientôt traduit en hébreu, puis en latin à l'usage des chrétiens. L'œuvre de Maimonide suscite, après sa mort, une longue controverse à travers le monde juif méditerranéen et oriental avant de lui valoir le titre incontesté d'Aigle de la <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le mot synagogue, qui est l'appellation courante du lieu du culte juif, est un terme grec dont l'origine historique n'est pas déterminée. Il est attesté dans la traduction grecque de la Bible (LXX) et dans les écrits de Flavius Josèphe , où il désigne d'abord « l'assemblée des fidèles » ( kenesset ) pour devenir ensuite le nom spécifique de la maison où cette assemblée se réu..." title="Article : SYNAGOGUE" href="/encyclopedie/synagogue/">Synagogue</a>.</p><div class="clearfix"></div><p class="author"> — Gérard NAHON</p><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="folio-block"><p class="folio-block-title text-center text-uc"><strong>La suite de cet article est accessible aux abonnés</strong></p><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Des contenus variés, complets et fiables</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Accessible sur tous les écrans</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Pas de publicité</li></ul><p class="text-center"><a href="/abonnement/" class="btn btn-cta text-uc" id="folio-button" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="Block bottom">Découvrez nos offres </a></p><p class="text-center text-sm"> Déjà abonné ? <a href="/identification/" id="folio-login">Se connecter</a></p></div><div id="ad_mpuslot" class="pub-container text-center"><div class="pub-placeholder"></div></div><section class="mt-3 mb-5"><i class="anchor" id="Z020515_AUTHORS"></i><p class="title-minor">Écrit par</p><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item" data-dc-author="NAHON, Gérard"><a title="Auteur : Gérard NAHON" rel="author" href="/auteurs/gerard-nahon/"><strong>Gérard NAHON</strong></a> : directeur d'études émérite à l'École pratique des hautes études (V<sup>e</sup> section, sciences religieuses) </li></ul></section><section class="mb-5"><div class="text-center mb-3 d-print-none"><a class="d-inline-flex flex-row justify-content-center align-items-center btn btn-light btn-large text-start" title="Carte mentale : MAIMONIDE" href="/carte-mentale/maimonide/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yZ020515_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Philosophie" href="/classification/philosophie/"> Philosophie </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Philosophes" href="/classification/philosophie/philosophes/"> Philosophes </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Philosophes, Moyen Âge" href="/classification/philosophie/philosophes/philosophes-moyen-age/"> Philosophes, Moyen Âge </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Philosophes juifs"> <a title="Classification : Philosophes juifs" href="/classification/philosophie/philosophes/philosophes-moyen-age/philosophes-juifs/"> Philosophes juifs </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none"> <i class="anchor" id="yZ020515_MEDIAS"></i> <p class="title-minor">Média</p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-12 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH996776" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Maimonide" href="/media/maimonide-ph996776/"> <img id="PH996776" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/5/f/csm_ph996776_a9152519ff.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Maimonide - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" data-description="Maimonide (1138-1204), savant et philosophe juif, également connu sous le nom de Ramban." data-copyright="Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="681" height="1024" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Maimonide </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Hulton Archive/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yZ020515_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/guide-des-egares/"> <span class="rg">GUIDE DES ÉGARÉS, </span><span class="rm">Moïse Maïmonide - Fiche de lecture</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">François TRÉMOLIÈRES</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">834 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 média </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : GUIDE DES &Eacute;GAR&Eacute;S, Mo&iuml;se Ma&iuml;monide - Fiche de lecture" href="/encyclopedie/guide-des-egares/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Maimonide - crédits : Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/5/f/csm_ph996776_9a667c18c8.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Natif de Cordoue, Maimonide (Rabbi <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Moïse doit sa célébrité aux textes de l'Ancien Testament. Il y est présenté comme le chef qui a conduit les Israélites hors d'Égypte et leur a donné leur loi, la Tōrah. Ce sont, en effet, les livres de la Tōrah (Pentateuque) qui, de l' Exode au Deutéronome , parlent le plus de Moïse. Le livre des Juges le mentionne rarement, mais il nous apprend que la famille de Moïse exer..." title="Article : MOÏSE" href="/encyclopedie/moise/">Moïse</a> ben Maimon, 1135 ou 1138-1204) dut fuir en Afrique encore enfant, après la conquête de l'émirat par les Almohades. Son œuvre, écrite pour l'essentiel au Caire (il fut médecin à la cour de Saladin), fait de lui à la fois l'une des grandes autorités rabbiniques...</p> </div> </li> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/abraham-ben-samuel-abulafia/"> <span class="rg">ABULAFIA </span><span class="pc">ABRAHAM BEN SAMUEL </span><span class="rm">(1240-apr. 1291)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Gabrielle SED-RAJNA</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">338 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Kabbaliste né à Saragosse, Abulafia voyage dès sa première jeunesse en Palestine, où la guerre des chrétiens contre les musulmans l'arrête à Acre et le force à revenir en Europe. Il se marie en Grèce, puis séjourne quelque temps en Italie, à Capoue, où il étudie sous la direction de Hillel ben...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/apologetique/#c3928"> <span class="rg">APOLOGÉTIQUE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Bernard DUPUY</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">3 536 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...suivit, l'effort rationnel fut repris, mais l'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="L'aristotélisme est la doctrine d' Aristote (385 env.-322 av. J.-C.), telle qu'elle résulte de l'ensemble des œuvres conservées d'Aristote, publiées par Andronicos de Rhodes, au premier siècle avant notre ère. Ces ouvrages, formés de notes de cours, écrites par l'auteur mais non destinées à la publication, forment un ensemble qui se prête à la qualification un peu abusive de « syst..." title="Article : ARISTOTÉLISME" href="/encyclopedie/aristotelisme/">aristotélisme</a> prit peu à peu le pas sur le kalam et sur le néo-platonisme. Dans le <em>Guide des égarés</em> (1195) <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de MAIMONIDE (M.). Talmudiste, philosophe, savant, médecin, Rabbi Moïse ben Maimon, connu aussi sous l'acronyme de Rambam, est l'auteur de nombreux travaux, surtout de la Mishneh Tōrāh , « somme » en quatorze volumes de la Loi juive, et du Guide des égarés (ou des perplexes ), traité philosophique d'une grande profondeur. À l'exception peut-être de Rachi (Rabbi Sol..." title="Article : MAIMONIDE (M.)" href="/encyclopedie/maimonide-m/">Moïse Maimonide</a> prouva que la <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Dans le vocabulaire actuel, le mot « foi » désigne habituellement une croyance religieuse ou une croyance morale , c'est-à-dire l' engagement d'un individu au service d'un idéal auquel il croit. Nous avons cependant conservé une autre acception du mot : la bonne foi, synonyme de sincérité, de loyauté . Cette seconde acception se retrouve principalement dans les contextes juridi..." title="Article : FOI" href="/encyclopedie/foi/">foi</a> d'Israël et la <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="« Sagesse » s'entend en plusieurs sens. Est-elle vertu , savoir, prudence, génie visionnaire, don de l' esprit , puissance prophétique, science politique ? « Moïse alla s'instruire dans la sagesse des Égyptiens » signifie seulement que ce grand législateur était devenu un savant. Les Grecs ont qualifié la sagesse de vertu, afin de la distinguer de la connaissance . Mais comment d..." title="Article : SAGESSE" href="/encyclopedie/sagesse/">sagesse</a> grecque, bien que différentes dans leur origine, sont identiques dans leur essence et... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/hasdai-ben-abraham-crescas/"> <span class="rg">CRESCAS </span><span class="pc">ḤASDAÏ BEN ABRAHAM </span><span class="rm">(1340-1410)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Charles BALADIER</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">519 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Haute figure de la pensée juive d'Espagne à la fin du Moyen Âge, Ḥasdaï Crescas fut à la fois lié à la cour du roi d'Aragon et établi dans les fonctions de grand rabbin de la communauté de Saragosse. À l'orée de ce siècle qui allait être celui de l'expulsion des juifs de la péninsule Ibérique,...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/langue-et-litterature-hebraiques/#c3928"> <span class="rg">HÉBRAÏQUES </span><span class="pc">LANGUE & LITTÉRATURE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Valentin NIKIPROWETZKY</span> et <span rel="author">René Samuel SIRAT</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">8 476 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 média </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : H&Eacute;BRA&Iuml;QUES LANGUE &amp; LITT&Eacute;RATURE" href="/encyclopedie/langue-et-litterature-hebraiques/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Moses Mendelssohn - crédits : Erich Lessing/ AKG-images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/9/6/csm_ph020156_edbf47ad7d.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> La philosophie juive est fortement imprégnée de culture arabe et, à travers elle, de culture grecque. Le plus grand philosophe fut sans contesteMaimonide, né en 1134, mort en 1205. 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