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href="https://espanol.cdc.gov/enes/covid/long-term-effects/index.html">Español</a> </div> </section> <div class="cdc-page-title cdc-page-offset syndicate"> <h1>Long COVID Basics</h1> </div> <div id="content" class="cdc-page-content cdc-page-offset syndicate container"> <div class="cdc-dfe-body "> <div class="cdc-dfe-body__top "> <div class="dfe-section dfe-section--page-summary summary-blurb summary-list" data-section="cdc_generic_summary"> <div class="dfe-section__header"> <h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-umc-yyggoq">Key points</h2> </div> <div class="dfe-section__content"> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Long COVID is a serious illness that can result in chronic conditions requiring comprehensive care and may cause disability.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Long COVID can include a wide range of ongoing symptoms and conditions that can last weeks, months, or even years after COVID-19 illness.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Anyone who had a SARS-CoV-2 infection, the virus that causes COVID-19, can experience Long COVID, including children.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">COVID-19 vaccination is the best available tool to prevent Long COVID.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Living with Long COVID can be difficult and isolating, especially when there are no immediate answers or solutions.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="dfe-section__nav hide" id="dfe-section__nav"> <div class="dfe-section__nav__header" id="dfe-section__nav__header"> </div> <div class="dfe-section__nav-links" id="dfe-section__nav-links"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dfe-section__image" id="page-summary-image"> <figure class="dfe-image dfe-image__large"><div class="image-container calculated-infographic aspect-ratio-16-9 stretch"><img src="/covid/media/images/2024/06/group-illustration-medium_cropped.jpg" alt="Group of people illustration" title="Group of people illustration"></div></figure> </div> <div id="nav-buttons"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cdc-dfe-body__center "> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_generic_section_1"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_generic_section_1-about-long-covid" name="About%20Long%20COVID" title="About Long COVID"><!-- --></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-gt8hzxu4rs">About Long COVID</h2> <p><a href="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27768/a-long-covid-definition-a-chronic-systemic-disease-state-with" class="tp-link-policy" rel="noreferrer" data-domain-ext="org">Long COVID is defined<span class="visually-hidden sr-only" aria-label=" external icon" role="img"></span><span class="cdc-icon-external cdc-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" alt="external icon"></span></a> as a chronic condition that occurs after SARS-CoV-2 infection and is present for at least 3 months. Long COVID includes a wide range of symptoms or conditions that may improve, worsen, or be ongoing.</p> <div class="dfe-block dfe-callout dfe-callout--standard"><div class="dfe-callout__icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img"></div> <h3>Anyone can get Long COVID‎</h3> <div class="dfe-callout__body"><div class="callout-desc">Long COVID occurs more often in people who had severe COVID-19 illness, but anyone who gets COVID-19 can experience it, including children.</div> </div></div> <p>Most people with Long COVID experience symptoms days after first learning they had COVID-19, but some people who later develop Long COVID do not know when they were infected. People can be <a href="/covid/about/reinfection.html" class="">reinfected with SARS-CoV-2</a> multiple times. Each time a person is infected with SARS-CoV-2, they have a risk of developing Long COVID. <a href="/covid/long-term-effects/long-covid-signs-symptoms.html" class="">Long COVID symptoms</a> and conditions can emerge, persist, resolve, and reemerge over weeks and months. These symptoms and conditions can range from mild to severe, may require comprehensive care, and can even result in a <a href="/covid/long-term-effects/living-with-long-covid.html" class="">disability</a>.</p> <p>While rates of new cases of Long COVID have decreased since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, it remains a serious public health concern as millions of U.S. adults and children have been affected by Long COVID.</p> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_generic_section_4"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_generic_section_4-who-is-at-risk" name="Who%20is%20at%20risk" title="Who is at risk"><!-- --></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-9nte_bevyz">Who is at risk</h2> <p>While anyone who gets COVID-19 can develop Long COVID, studies have shown that some groups of people are more likely to develop Long COVID than others, including (not a comprehensive list):</p> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Women<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Hispanic and Latino people<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">People who have experienced more severe COVID-19 illness, especially those who were hospitalized or needed intensive care<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">People with underlying health conditions and adults who are 65 or older<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">People who did not get a COVID-19 vaccine<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3 id="heading-4d8sg_rv15">Health inequities affect populations at risk for Long COVID</h3> <p><a href="/health-equity/what-is/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/healthequity/whatis/">Health inequities</a> from <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/relatedconditions.html" class="">disability</a>, economic, geographic, and other social factors disproportionately affect some groups of people. These inequities can increase the risk of negative health outcomes and impact from Long COVID.</p> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_generic_section_5"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_generic_section_5-prevention" name="Prevention" title="Prevention"><!-- --></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-07r1h89jcm">Prevention</h2> <p>CDC emphasizes <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/prevention/index.html" class="">core strategies</a> to lower health risks from COVID-19, including severe outcomes such as hospitalization and death. Preventing severe outcomes from COVID-19 illness helps prevent Long COVID. Steps you can take to protect yourself and others include:</p> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1"><a href="/covid/vaccines/stay-up-to-date.html" class="">Staying up to date on COVID-19 vaccination</a>.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Practicing good <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/prevention/hygiene.html">hygiene</a> (practices like handwashing that improve cleanliness)<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Taking <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/prevention/air-quality.html">steps for cleaner air</a><ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">When you may have a respiratory virus:<ul> <li class="level-2">Use <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/prevention/precautions-when-sick.html">precautions to prevent spread</a><ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-2">Seek healthcare promptly for testing and/or treatment if you have <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/index.html" class="">risk factors for severe illness</a>; <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/treatment/index.html" class="">treatment</a> may help lower your risk of severe illness<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="dfe-block dfe-callout dfe-callout--standard"><div class="dfe-callout__icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img"></div> <h3>Vaccination can prevent Long COVID‎</h3> <div class="dfe-callout__body"><div class="callout-desc">Research shows <a href="/covid/vaccines/index.html" class="">COVID-19 vaccination</a> is the best available tool to prevent Long COVID, including in children.</div> </div></div> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_generic_section_6"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_generic_section_6-testing-and-diagnosis" name="Testing%20and%20diagnosis" title="Testing and diagnosis"><!-- --></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-9rbx7ps3gb">Testing and diagnosis</h2> <p>Long COVID is not one illness. There is no laboratory test that can determine if your symptoms or conditions are due to Long COVID. A positive SARS-CoV-2 test is not required for a Long COVID diagnosis. Your healthcare provider considers a diagnosis of Long COVID based on:</p> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Your health history<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">If you had a diagnosis of COVID-19 by a positive test, symptoms, or exposure<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">A health examination<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Clinical evaluations and results of routine blood tests, chest X-rays, and electrocardiograms may be normal in someone with Long COVID. People experiencing Long COVID should seek care from a healthcare provider to create a personal medical management plan and improve their symptoms and quality of life. <a href="/covid/long-term-effects/living-with-long-covid.html#cdc_generic_section_3-help-manage-long-covid" class="ce-selection">Talk to your healthcare provider</a> if you think you or your child has Long COVID.</p> <div class="dfe-block dfe-block--keep_reading"><b>Keep Reading:</b> <a href="/covid/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html">Clinical Overview of Long COVID</a></div> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_generic_section_7"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_generic_section_7-similar-conditions" name="Similar%20conditions" title="Similar conditions"><!-- --></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-kfg-tmgwt2">Similar conditions</h2> <p>Some people experiencing Long COVID symptoms have symptoms similar to those reported by people with <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/about/index.html" class="">myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)</a> and other poorly understood chronic illnesses that may occur after other infections. These unexplained symptoms or conditions may be misunderstood by healthcare providers, which can result in a delay in diagnosis and people receiving the appropriate care or treatment.</p> <div class="dfe-block dfe-block--keep_reading"><b>Keep Reading:</b> <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/covid/long-term-effects/living-with-long-covid.html">Living with Long COVID</a></div> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_generic_section_8"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_generic_section_8-what-cdc-is-doing" name="What%20CDC%20is%20doing" title="What CDC is doing"><!-- --></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-5hmnv_kq3m">What CDC is doing</h2> <p>CDC is working with other federal agencies to better understand and <a href="/covid/php/long-covid/index.html">address the long-term impacts of Long COVID</a>, who gets Long COVID, and why. CDC supports these goals by:</p> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Partnering with state and local jurisdictions<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Supporting healthcare providers<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1"><a href="/covid/php/long-covid/index.html" class="ce-selection">Promoting and conducting research</a><ul> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_generic_section_9"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_generic_section_9-research" name="Research" title="Research"><!-- --></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-eep4p4ipxy">Research</h2> <p>Studies are in progress to learn more about Long COVID and identify further measures to help prevent Long COVID. CDC and partners use multiple approaches to support and conduct research that estimates:</p> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">How many people experience Long COVID and why<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Which groups of people are disproportionately impacted by Long COVID<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">How new variants may affect Long COVID<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">The role that COVID-19 vaccination plays in preventing Long COVID<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Each approach helps CDC and its partners better understand Long COVID and how healthcare providers can treat or support patients living with these long-term effects. CDC posts data on Long COVID and provides analyses. The most recent CDC data and analyses on Long COVID can be found on the <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/covid19/pulse/long-covid.htm" class="">U.S. Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey</a>. CDC will continue to share information with healthcare providers to help them evaluate and manage these conditions.</p> <div class="dfe-block dfe-block--keep_reading"><b>Keep Reading:</b> <a href="/covid/php/long-covid/index.html">CDC Science behind Long COVID</a></div> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_generic_section_10"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_generic_section_10-resources" name="Resources" title="Resources"><!-- --></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-gqyukrciby">Resources</h2> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1"><a href="https://www.hhs.gov/longcovid/index.html" class="tp-link-policy" rel="noreferrer" data-domain-ext="gov">The Office of Long COVID Research and Practice (OLC) (HHS)<span class="visually-hidden sr-only" aria-label=" external icon" role="img"></span><span class="cdc-icon-external cdc-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" alt="external icon"></span></a><ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1"><a href="https://www.veteranshealthlibrary.va.gov/142,41528_VA" class="tp-link-policy" rel="noreferrer" data-domain-ext="gov">Long COVID (Veterans Affairs)<span class="visually-hidden sr-only" aria-label=" external icon" role="img"></span><span class="cdc-icon-external cdc-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" alt="external icon"></span></a><ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1"><a href="https://www.dol.gov/agencies/odep/topics/coronavirus-covid-19-long-covid" class="tp-link-policy" rel="noreferrer" data-domain-ext="gov">Coronavirus Resources (Department of Labor)<span class="visually-hidden sr-only" aria-label=" external icon" role="img"></span><span class="cdc-icon-external cdc-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" alt="external icon"></span></a><ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1"><a href="https://recovercovid.org/" class="tp-link-policy" rel="noreferrer" data-domain-ext="org">RECOVER COVID Initiative<span class="visually-hidden sr-only" aria-label=" external icon" role="img"></span><span class="cdc-icon-external cdc-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" alt="external icon"></span></a><ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3 id="heading-pw-wy2gid-">Long COVID reports</h3> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1"><a href="https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/long-covid-update-2024.pdf" class="ce-selection tp-link-policy" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-domain-ext="gov">Implementation of the Government-wide Response to Long COVID (HHS)<span aria-label=" pdf icon" role="img" class="sr-only"></span><span class="cdc-link-icon cdc-link-icon--pdf" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="visually-hidden sr-only" aria-label=" external icon" role="img"></span><span class="cdc-icon-external cdc-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" alt="external icon"></span></a><ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1"><a href="https://www.covid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/National-Research-Action-Plan-on-Long-COVID-08012022.pdf" target="_blank" class="tp-link-policy" rel="noreferrer" data-domain-ext="gov">National Research Action Plan (covid.gov)<span aria-label=" pdf icon" role="img" class="sr-only"></span><span class="cdc-link-icon cdc-link-icon--pdf" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="visually-hidden sr-only" aria-label=" external icon" role="img"></span><span class="cdc-icon-external cdc-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" alt="external icon"></span></a><ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1"><a href="https://www.covid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Services-and-Supports-for-Longer-Term-Impacts-of-COVID-19-08012022.pdf" target="_blank" class="tp-link-policy" rel="noreferrer" data-domain-ext="gov">Services and Supports for Longer-Term Impacts of COVID-19<span aria-label=" pdf icon" role="img" class="sr-only"></span><span class="cdc-link-icon cdc-link-icon--pdf" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="visually-hidden sr-only" aria-label=" external icon" role="img"></span><span class="cdc-icon-external cdc-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" alt="external icon"></span></a><ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1"><a href="https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/healthplus-long-covid-report.pdf" target="_blank" class="tp-link-policy" rel="noreferrer" data-domain-ext="gov">Health+ Long Covid Human-Centered Design Report (HHS)<span aria-label=" pdf icon" role="img" class="sr-only"></span><span class="cdc-link-icon cdc-link-icon--pdf" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="visually-hidden sr-only" aria-label=" external icon" role="img"></span><span class="cdc-icon-external cdc-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" alt="external icon"></span></a><ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1"><a href="https://www.publichealth.va.gov/n-coronavirus/docs/Whole-Health-System-Approach-to-Long-COVID_080122_FINAL.pdf" target="_blank" class="tp-link-policy" rel="noreferrer" data-domain-ext="gov">Whole Health System Approach to Long COVID (Veterans Affairs)<span aria-label=" pdf icon" role="img" class="sr-only"></span><span class="cdc-link-icon cdc-link-icon--pdf" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="visually-hidden sr-only" aria-label=" external icon" role="img"></span><span class="cdc-icon-external cdc-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" alt="external icon"></span></a><ul> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="cdc-dfe-body__right page-right-rail"> <aside class="page-right-rail__static noindex" role="complementary"> <div class="on-this-page " data-sid=""> <h2 class="on-this-page__heading"> On This Page </h2> <div class="card-body"> <ul> <li><a href="#cdc_generic_section_1-about-long-covid">About Long COVID</a></li> <li><a href="#cdc_generic_section_4-who-is-at-risk">Who is at risk</a></li> <li><a href="#cdc_generic_section_5-prevention">Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="#cdc_generic_section_6-testing-and-diagnosis">Testing and diagnosis</a></li> <li><a href="#cdc_generic_section_7-similar-conditions">Similar conditions</a></li> <li><a href="#cdc_generic_section_8-what-cdc-is-doing">What CDC is doing</a></li> <li><a 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