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management and measurements</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: thermal management and measurements"> <meta name="keywords" content="thermal management and measurements"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research 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method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="thermal management and measurements"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 15337</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: thermal management and measurements</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15337</span> Comparing the Experimental Thermal Conductivity Results Using Transient Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofia%20Mylona">Sofia Mylona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dale%20Hume"> Dale Hume</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main scope of this work is to compare the experimental thermal conductivity results of fluids between devices using transient techniques. A range of different liquids within a range of viscosities was measured with two or more devices, and the results were compared between the different methods and the reference equations wherever it was available. The liquids selected are the most commonly used in academic or industrial laboratories to calibrate their thermal conductivity instruments having a variety of thermal conductivity, viscosity, and density. Three transient methods (Transient Hot Wire, Transient Plane Source, and Transient Line Source) were compared for the thermal conductivity measurements taken by using them. These methods have been chosen as the most accurate and because they all follow the same idea; as a function of the logarithm of time, the thermal conductivity is calculated from the slope of a plot of sensor temperature rise. For all measurements, the selected temperature range was at the atmospheric level from 10 to 40 ° C. Our results are coming with an agreement with the objections of several scientists over the reliability of the results of a few popular devices. The observation was surprising that the device used in many laboratories for fast measurements of liquid thermal conductivity display deviations of 500 percent which can be very poorly reproduced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accurate%20data" title="accurate data">accurate data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquids" title=" liquids"> liquids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20methods." title=" transient methods."> transient methods.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104515/comparing-the-experimental-thermal-conductivity-results-using-transient-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104515.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15336</span> Validating Thermal Performance of Existing Wall Assemblies Using In-Situ Measurements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shibei%20Huang">Shibei Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In deep energy retrofits, the thermal performance of existing building envelopes is often difficult to determine with a high level of accuracy. For older buildings, the records of existing assemblies are often incomplete or inaccurate. To obtain greater baseline performance accuracy for energy models, in-field measurement tools can be used to obtain data on the thermal performance of the existing assemblies. For a known assembly, these field measurements assist in validating the U-factor estimates. If the field-measured U-factor consistently varies from the calculated prediction, those measurements prompt further study. For an unknown assembly, successful field measurements can provide approximate U-factor evaluation, validate assumptions, or identify anomalies requiring further investigation. Using case studies, this presentation will focus on the non-destructive methods utilizing a set of various field tools to validate the baseline U-factors for a range of existing buildings with various wall assemblies. The lessons learned cover what can be achieved, the limitations of these approaches and tools, and ideas for improving the validity of measurements. Key factors include the weather conditions, the interior conditions, the thermal mass of the measured assemblies, and the thermal profiles of the assemblies in question. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=existing%20building" title="existing building">existing building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor" title=" sensor"> sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20analysis" title=" thermal analysis"> thermal analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retrofit" title=" retrofit"> retrofit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181448/validating-thermal-performance-of-existing-wall-assemblies-using-in-situ-measurements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181448.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15335</span> Mapping Thermal Properties Using Resistivity, Lithology and Thermal Conductivity Measurements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riccardo%20Pasquali">Riccardo Pasquali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keith%20Harlin"> Keith Harlin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Muller"> Mark Muller</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ShallowTherm project is focussed on developing and applying a methodology for extrapolating relatively sparsely sampled thermal conductivity measurements across Ireland using mapped Litho-Electrical (LE) units. The primary data used consist of electrical resistivities derived from the Geological Survey Ireland Tellus airborne electromagnetic dataset, GIS-based maps of Irish geology, and rock thermal conductivities derived from both the current Irish Ground Thermal Properties (IGTP) database and a new programme of sampling and laboratory measurement. The workflow has been developed across three case-study areas that sample a range of different calcareous, arenaceous, argillaceous, and volcanic lithologies. Statistical analysis of resistivity data from individual geological formations has been assessed and integrated with detailed lithological descriptions to define distinct LE units. Thermal conductivity measurements from core and hand samples have been acquired for every geological formation within each study area. The variability and consistency of thermal conductivity measurements within each LE unit is examined with the aim of defining a characteristic thermal conductivity (or range of thermal conductivities) for each LE unit. Mapping of LE units, coupled with characteristic thermal conductivities, provides a method of defining thermal conductivity properties at a regional scale and facilitating the design of ground source heat pump closed-loop collectors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title="thermal conductivity">thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20source%20heat%20pumps" title=" ground source heat pumps"> ground source heat pumps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistivity" title=" resistivity"> resistivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20exchange" title=" heat exchange"> heat exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shallow%20geothermal" title=" shallow geothermal"> shallow geothermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ireland" title=" Ireland"> Ireland</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130116/mapping-thermal-properties-using-resistivity-lithology-and-thermal-conductivity-measurements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130116.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15334</span> Thermal Comfort in Office Rooms in a Historic Building with Modernized Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Bakhtiari">Hossein Bakhtiari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathias%20Cehlin"> Mathias Cehlin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Akander"> Jan Akander</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Envelopes with low thermal performance is a common characteristic in many European historic buildings which leads to higher energy demand for heating and cooling as well as insufficient thermal comfort for the occupants. This paper presents the results of a study on the thermal comfort in the City Hall (Rådhuset) in Gävle, Sweden. This historic building is currently used as an office building. It is equipped with two relatively modern mechanical heat recovery ventilation systems with displacement ventilation supply devices in the offices. The district heating network heats the building via pre-heat supply air and radiators. Summer cooling comes from an electric heat pump that rejects heat into the exhaust ventilation air. A building management system controls HVAC equipment (heating, ventilation and air conditioning). The methodology is based on on-site measurements, data logging on the management system and evaluating the occupants’ perception of a summer and a winter period indoor environment using a standardized questionnaire. The main aim of the study is to investigate whether or not it is enough to have modernized HVAC systems to get adequate thermal comfort in a historic building with poor envelope performance used as an office building in Nordic climate conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historic%20buildings" title="historic buildings">historic buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=on-site%20measurements" title=" on-site measurements"> on-site measurements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standardized%20questionnaire" title=" standardized questionnaire"> standardized questionnaire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20comfort" title=" thermal comfort"> thermal comfort</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69456/thermal-comfort-in-office-rooms-in-a-historic-building-with-modernized-heating-ventilation-and-air-conditioning-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69456.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15333</span> Determination of Thermophysical Properties of Water Based Magnetic Nanofluids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ey%C3%BCphan%20Manay">Eyüphan Manay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayram%20Sahin"> Bayram Sahin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emre%20Mandev"> Emre Mandev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Ates"> Ibrahim Ates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tuba%20Yetim"> Tuba Yetim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, it was aimed to determine the thermophysical properties of two different magnetic nanofluids (NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-water and CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-water). Magnetic nanoparticles were dispersed into the pure water at different volume fractions from 0 vol.% to 4 vol.%. The measurements were performed in the temperature range of 15 <sup>o</sup>C-55 <sup>o</sup>C. In order to get better idea on the temperature dependent thermophysical properties of magnetic nanofluids (MNFs), viscosity and thermal conductivity measurements were made. SEM images of both NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4 </sub>nanoparticles were used in order to confirm the average dimensions. The measurements showed that the thermal conductivity of MNFs increased with an increase in the volume fraction as well as viscosity. Increase in the temperature of both MNFs resulted in an increase in the thermal conductivity and a decrease in the viscosity. Based on the measured data, the correlations for both the viscosity and the thermal conductivity were presented with respect to solid volume ratio and temperature. Effective thermal conductivity of the prepared MNFs was also calculated. The results indicated that water based NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4 </sub>nanofluid had higher thermal conductivity than that of the CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. Once the viscosity values of both MNFs were compared, almost no difference was observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20nanofluids" title="magnetic nanofluids">magnetic nanofluids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosity" title=" viscosity"> viscosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nife2o4-water" title=" nife2o4-water"> nife2o4-water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cofe2o4-water" title=" cofe2o4-water"> cofe2o4-water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53840/determination-of-thermophysical-properties-of-water-based-magnetic-nanofluids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53840.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15332</span> Investigation of Thermal Comfort Conditions of Vernacular Buildings Taking into Consideration Various Use Patterns: A Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christina%20Kalogirou">Christina Kalogirou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main goal of this paper is to explore the thermal comfort conditions in traditional buildings during all seasons of the year taking into consideration various use patterns. For this purpose a dwelling of vernacular architecture is selected and data regarding the indoor and outdoor air and surface temperature as well as the relative humidity are collected. These measurements are conducted in situ during the period of a year. Also, this building is occupied periodically and a calendar of occupancy was kept (duration of residence, hours of heating system operation, hours of natural ventilation, etc.) in order to correlate the indoor conditions recorded with the use patterns via statistical analysis. Furthermore, the effect of the high thermal inertia of the stone masonry walls and the different orientation of the rooms is addressed. Thus, this paper concludes in some interesting results on the effect of the users in the indoor climate conditions in the case of buildings with high thermal inertia envelops. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20comfort" title="thermal comfort">thermal comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20situ%20measurements" title=" in situ measurements"> in situ measurements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupant%20behaviour" title=" occupant behaviour"> occupant behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vernacular%20architecture" title=" vernacular architecture"> vernacular architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67831/investigation-of-thermal-comfort-conditions-of-vernacular-buildings-taking-into-consideration-various-use-patterns-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67831.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15331</span> Thermal Comfort Study of School Buildings in South Minahasa Regency Case Study: SMA Negeri 1 Amurang, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Virgino%20Stephano%20Moniaga">Virgino Stephano Moniaga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermal comfort inside a building can affect students in their learning process. The learning process of students can be improved if the condition of the classrooms is comfortable. This study will be conducted in SMA Negeri 1 Amurang which is a senior high school building located in South Minahasa Regency. Based on preliminary survey, generally, students were not satisfied with the existing level of comfort, which subsequently affected the teaching and learning process in the classroom. The purpose of this study is to analyze the comfort level of classrooms occupants and recommend building design solutions that can improve the thermal comfort of classrooms. In this study, three classrooms will be selected for thermal comfort measurements. The thermal comfort measurements will be taken in naturally ventilated classrooms. The measured data comprise of personal data (clothing and students activity), air humidity, air temperature, mean radiant temperature and air flow velocity. Simultaneously, the students will be asked to fill out a questionnaire that asked about the level of comfort that was felt at the time. The results of field measurements and questionnaires will be analyzed based on the PMV and PPD indices. The results of the analysis will decide whether the classrooms are comfortable or not. This study can be continued to obtain a more optimal design solution to improve the thermal comfort of the classrooms. The expected results from this study can improve the quality of teaching and learning process between teachers and students which can further assist the government efforts to improve the quality of national education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classrooms" title="classrooms">classrooms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMV" title=" PMV"> PMV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PPD" title=" PPD"> PPD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20comfort" title=" thermal comfort"> thermal comfort</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70176/thermal-comfort-study-of-school-buildings-in-south-minahasa-regency-case-study-sma-negeri-1-amurang-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15330</span> Development of Water-Based Thermal Insulation Paints Using Silica Aerogel </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lu%20Yanru">Lu Yanru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Handojo%20Djati%20Utomo"> Handojo Djati Utomo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yin%20Xi%20Jiang"> Yin Xi Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Xiaodong"> Li Xiaodong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Insulation plays a key role in the sustainable building due to the contribution of energy consumption reduction. Without sufficient insulation, a great amount of the energy used to heat or cool a building will be lost to the outdoors. In this study, we developed a highly efficient thermal insulation paint with the incorporation of silica aerogel. Silica aerogel, with a low thermal conductivity of 0.01 W/mK, has been successfully prepared from the solid waste from the incineration plants. It has been added into water-based paints to increase its thermal insulation properties. To investigate the thermal insulation performance of silica aerogel additive, the paint samples were mixed with silica aerogel at different sizes and with various portions. The thermal conductivity, water resistance, thermal stability and adhesion strength of the samples were tested and evaluated. The thermal diffusivity measurements proved that adding silica aerogel additive could improve the thermal insulation properties of the paint significantly. Up to 5 ˚C reductions were observed after applying paints with silica aerogel additive compare to the one without it. The results showed that the developed thermal insulation paints have great potential for an application in green and sustainable building. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica%20aerogel" title="silica aerogel">silica aerogel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20insulation" title=" thermal insulation"> thermal insulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water-based%20paints" title=" water-based paints"> water-based paints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20resistant" title=" water resistant"> water resistant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118598/development-of-water-based-thermal-insulation-paints-using-silica-aerogel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118598.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15329</span> Preserved Relative Differences between Regions of Different Thermal Scans</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahir%20Majeed">Tahir Majeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Handschuh"> Michael Handschuh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ren%C3%A9%20Meier"> René Meier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rheumatoid arthritis patients have swelling and pain at the joints of the hand. The regions where the patient feels pain also show increased body temperature. Thermal cameras can be used to detect the rise in temperature of the affected regions. To monitor the disease progression of rheumatoid arthritis patients, they must visit the clinic regularly for scanning and examination. After scanning and evaluation, the dosage of the medicine is regulated accordingly. To monitor the disease progression over time, the correlation between the images between different visits must be established. It has been observed that by using low-cost thermal cameras, the thermal measurements do not remain the same over time, even within a single scanning. In some situations, temperatures can vary as much as 2°C within the same scanning sequence. In this paper, it has been shown that although the absolute temperature varies over time, the relative difference between the different regions remains similar. Results have been computed over four scanning sequences and are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20thermal%20difference" title="relative thermal difference">relative thermal difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rheumatoid%20arthritis" title=" rheumatoid arthritis"> rheumatoid arthritis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20imaging" title=" thermal imaging"> thermal imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20sensors" title=" thermal sensors"> thermal sensors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138729/preserved-relative-differences-between-regions-of-different-thermal-scans" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138729.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15328</span> Experimental Measurements of Evacuated Enclosure Thermal Insulation Effectiveness for Vacuum Flat Plate Solar Thermal Collectors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Henshall">Paul Henshall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philip%20Eames"> Philip Eames</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roger%20Moss"> Roger Moss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stan%20Shire"> Stan Shire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farid%20Arya"> Farid Arya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trevor%20Hyde"> Trevor Hyde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Encapsulating the absorber of a flat plate solar thermal collector in vacuum by an enclosure that can be evacuated can result in a significant increase in collector performance and achievable operating temperatures. This is a result of the thermal insulation effectiveness of the vacuum layer surrounding the absorber, as less heat is lost during collector operation. This work describes experimental thermal insulation characterization tests of prototype vacuum flat plate solar thermal collectors that demonstrate the improvement in absorber heat loss coefficients. Furthermore, this work describes the selection and sizing of a getter, suitable for maintaining the vacuum inside the enclosure for the lifetime of the collector, which can be activated at low temperatures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum" title="vacuum">vacuum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal" title=" thermal"> thermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flat-plate%20solar%20collector" title=" flat-plate solar collector"> flat-plate solar collector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulation" title=" insulation"> insulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48208/experimental-measurements-of-evacuated-enclosure-thermal-insulation-effectiveness-for-vacuum-flat-plate-solar-thermal-collectors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48208.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15327</span> The Influence of Fiber Volume Fraction on Thermal Conductivity of Pultruded Profile</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Luk%C3%A1%C5%A1ov%C3%A1">V. Lukášová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Peukert"> P. Peukert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Votrubec"> V. Votrubec</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermal conductivity in the x, y and z-directions was measured on a pultruded profile that was manufactured by the technology of pulling from glass fibers and a polyester matrix. The results of measurements of thermal conductivity showed considerable variability in different directions. The caused variability in thermal conductivity was expected due fraction variations. The cross-section of the pultruded profile was scanned. An image analysis illustrated an uneven distribution of the fibers and the matrix in the cross-section. The distribution of these inequalities was processed into a Voronoi diagram in the observed area of the pultruded profile cross-section. In order to verify whether the variation of the fiber volume fraction in the pultruded profile can affect its thermal conductivity, the numerical simulations in the ANSYS Fluent were performed. The simulation was based on the geometry reconstructed from image analysis. The aim is to quantify thermal conductivity numerically. Above all, images with different volume fractions were chosen. The results of the measured thermal conductivity were compared with the calculated thermal conductivity. The evaluated data proved a strong correlation between volume fraction and thermal conductivity of the pultruded profile. Based on presented results, a modification of production technology may be proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pultrusion%20profile" title="pultrusion profile">pultrusion profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volume%20fraction" title=" volume fraction"> volume fraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52483/the-influence-of-fiber-volume-fraction-on-thermal-conductivity-of-pultruded-profile" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15326</span> Thermal Diffusion of Photovoltaic Organic Semiconductors Determined by Scanning Photothermal Deflection Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.L.%20Chiu">K.L. Chiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johnny%20K.%20W.%20Ho"> Johnny K. W. Ho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20H.%20Chan"> M. H. Chan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Cheung"> S. H. Cheung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20H.%20Chan"> K. H. Chan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.K.%20So"> S.K. So</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermal diffusivity is an important quantity in heat conduction. It measures the rate of heat transfer from the hot side to the cold side of a material. In solid-state materials, thermal diffusivity reveals information related to morphologies and solid quality, as thermal diffusivity can be affected by microstructures. However, thermal diffusivity studies on organic semiconductors are very limited. In this study, scanning photothermal deflection (SPD) technique is used to study the thermal diffusivities of different classes of semiconducting polymers. The reliability of the technique was confirmed by crossing-checking our SPD derived experimental values of different reference materials with their known diffusivities from the literature. To show that thermal diffusivity determination is a potential tool for revealing microscopic properties of organic photovoltaic semiconductors, SPD measurements were applied to various organic semiconducting films with different crystallinities. It is observed that organic photovoltaic semiconductors possess low thermal diffusivity, with values in the range of 0.3mm²/s to 1mm²/s. It is also discovered that polymeric photovoltaic semiconductors with greater molecular planarity, stronger stacking and higher crystallinity would possess greater thermal diffusivities. Correlations between thermal, charge transport properties will be discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20crystallinity" title="polymer crystallinity">polymer crystallinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20organic%20semiconductors" title=" photovoltaic organic semiconductors"> photovoltaic organic semiconductors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photothermal%20deflection%20technique" title=" photothermal deflection technique"> photothermal deflection technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20diffusion" title=" thermal diffusion"> thermal diffusion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107871/thermal-diffusion-of-photovoltaic-organic-semiconductors-determined-by-scanning-photothermal-deflection-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107871.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15325</span> Biodegradable Cellulose-Based Materials for the Use in Food Packaging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azza%20A.%20Al-Ghamdi">Azza A. Al-Ghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abir%20S.%20Abdel-Naby"> Abir S. Abdel-Naby</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cellulose acetate (CA) is a natural biodegradable polymer. It forms transparent films by the casting technique. CA suffers from high degree of water permeability as well as the low thermal stability at high temperatures. To adjust the CA polymeric films to the manufacture of food packaging, its thermal and mechanical properties should be improved. The modification of CA by grafting it with N-Amino phenyl maleimide (N-APhM) led to the construction of hydrophobic branches throughout the polymeric matrix which reduced its wettability as compared to the parent CA. The branches built onto the polymeric chains had been characterized by UV/Vis, <sup>13</sup>C-NMR and ESEM. The improvement of the thermal properties was investigated and compared to the parent CA using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential thermal analysis (DTA), contact angle and mechanical testing measurements. The results revealed that the water-uptake was reduced by increasing the graft percentage. The thermal and mechanical properties were also improved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose%20acetate" title="cellulose acetate">cellulose acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20packaging" title=" food packaging"> food packaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graft%20copolymerization" title=" graft copolymerization"> graft copolymerization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20properties" title=" thermal properties"> thermal properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88229/biodegradable-cellulose-based-materials-for-the-use-in-food-packaging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88229.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15324</span> Development and Characterization of a Bio-Sourced Composite Material Based on Phase Change Material and Hemp Shives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hachmi%20Toifane">Hachmi Toifane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pierre%20Tittelein"> Pierre Tittelein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anh%20Dung%20Tran%20Le"> Anh Dung Tran Le</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurent%20Zalewsi"> Laurent Zalewsi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study introduces a composite material composed of bio-sourced phase-change material (PCM) of plant origin combined with hemp shives, developed in response to environmental challenges in the construction sector. The state of the art emphasizes the low thermal storage capacity of bio-based materials and highlights increasing need for developing sustainable materials that offer optimal thermal, mechanical, and hydric performances. The combining of PCM's thermal properties and hygric properties of hemp shives results in a material that combines lightness, strength, and hygrothermal regulation. Various formulations are being assessed and compared to conventional hemp concrete. Thermal characterization includes the measurements of thermal conductivity and numerical simulations to evaluate the thermal storage capacity. The results indicate that the addition of PCM significantly enhances the material's thermal storage capacity, positioning this one as a promising, eco-friendly solution for sustainable construction and for improving the energy efficiency of buildings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemp%20composite" title="hemp composite">hemp composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-sourced%20phase%20change%20material" title=" bio-sourced phase change material"> bio-sourced phase change material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20storage" title=" thermal storage"> thermal storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemp%20shives" title=" hemp shives"> hemp shives</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178263/development-and-characterization-of-a-bio-sourced-composite-material-based-on-phase-change-material-and-hemp-shives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178263.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">45</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15323</span> Performance of Flat Plate Loop Heat Pipe for Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Battery in Electric Vehicle Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bambang%20Ariantara">Bambang Ariantara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nandy%20Putra"> Nandy Putra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rangga%20Aji%20Pamungkas"> Rangga Aji Pamungkas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of electric vehicle batteries has resulted in very high energy density lithium-ion batteries. However, this progress is accompanied by the risk of thermal runaway, which can result in serious accidents. Heat pipes are heat exchangers that are suitable to be applied in electric vehicle battery thermal management for their lightweight, compact size and do not require external power supply. This paper aims to examine experimentally a flat plate loop heat pipe (FPLHP) performance as a heat exchanger in the thermal management system of the lithium-ion battery for electric vehicle application. The heat generation of the battery was simulated using a cartridge heater. Stainless steel screen mesh was used as the capillary wick. Distilled water, alcohol and acetone were used as working fluids with a filling ratio of 60%. It was found that acetone gives the best performance that produces the thermal resistance of 0.22 W/°C with 50 °C evaporator temperature at heat flux load of 1.61 W/cm2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicle" title="electric vehicle">electric vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flat-plate%20loop%20heat%20pipe" title=" flat-plate loop heat pipe"> flat-plate loop heat pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithium-ion%20battery" title=" lithium-ion battery"> lithium-ion battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20management%20system" title=" thermal management system"> thermal management system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30606/performance-of-flat-plate-loop-heat-pipe-for-thermal-management-of-lithium-ion-battery-in-electric-vehicle-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15322</span> Thermal Reduction of Perfect Well Identified Hexagonal Graphene Oxide Nano-Sheets for Super-Capacitor Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20N.%20Fouda">A. N. Fouda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A novel well identified hexagonal graphene oxide (GO) nano-sheets were synthesized using modified Hummer method. Low temperature thermal reduction at 350°C in air ambient was performed. After thermal reduction, typical few layers of thermal reduced GO (TRGO) with dimension of few hundreds nanometers were observed using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). GO has a lot of structure models due to variation of the preparation process. Determining the atomic structure of GO is essential for a better understanding of its fundamental properties and for realization of the future technological applications. Structural characterization was identified by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements. A comparison between exper- imental and theoretical IR spectrum were done to confirm the match between experimentally and theoretically proposed GO structure. Partial overlap of the experimental IR spectrum with the theoretical IR was confirmed. The electrochemical properties of TRGO nano-sheets as electrode materials for supercapacitors were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. An enhancement in supercapacitance after reduction was confirmed and the area of the CV curve for the TRGO electrode is larger than those for the GO electrode indicating higher specific capacitance which is promising in super-capacitor applications <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hexagonal%20graphene%20oxide" title="hexagonal graphene oxide">hexagonal graphene oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20reduction" title=" thermal reduction"> thermal reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20voltammetry" title=" cyclic voltammetry"> cyclic voltammetry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23306/thermal-reduction-of-perfect-well-identified-hexagonal-graphene-oxide-nano-sheets-for-super-capacitor-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23306.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">493</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15321</span> Three Types of Mud-Huts with Courtyards in Composite Climate: Thermal Performance in Summer and Winter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janmejoy%20Gupta">Janmejoy Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnab%20Paul"> Arnab Paul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manjari%20Chakraborty"> Manjari Chakraborty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Jharkhand is a state located in the eastern part of India. The Tropic of Cancer (23.5 degree North latitude line) passes through Ranchi district in Jharkhand. Mud huts with burnt clay tiled roofs in Jharkhand are an integral component of the state’s vernacular architecture. They come in various shapes, with a number of them having a courtyard type of plan. In general, it has been stated that designing dwellings with courtyards in them is a climate-responsive strategy in composite climate. The truth behind this hypothesis is investigated in this paper. In this paper, three types of mud huts with courtyards situated in Ranchi district in Jharkhand are taken as a study and through temperature measurements in the south-side rooms and courtyards, in addition to Autodesk Ecotect (Version 2011) software simulations, their thermal performance throughout the year are observed. Temperature measurements are specifically taken during the peak of summer and winter and the average temperatures in the rooms and courtyards during seven day-periods in peak of summer and peak of winter are plotted graphically. Thereafter, on the basis of the study and software simulations, the hypothesis is verified and the thermally better performing dwelling types in summer and winter identified among the three sub-types studied. Certain recommendations with respect to increasing thermal comfort in courtyard type mud huts in general are also made. It is found that all courtyard type dwellings do not necessarily show better thermal performance in summer and winter in composite climate. The U shaped dwelling with open courtyard on southern side offers maximum amount of thermal-comfort inside the rooms in the hotter part of the year and the square hut with a central courtyard, with the courtyard being closed from all sides, shows superior thermal performance in winter. The courtyards in all the three case-studies are found to get excessively heated up during summer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=courtyard" title="courtyard">courtyard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mud%20huts" title=" mud huts"> mud huts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulations" title=" simulations"> simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20measurements" title=" temperature measurements"> temperature measurements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20performance" title=" thermal performance"> thermal performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40953/three-types-of-mud-huts-with-courtyards-in-composite-climate-thermal-performance-in-summer-and-winter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40953.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15320</span> Estimation of Uncertainty of Thermal Conductivity Measurement with Single Laboratory Validation Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saowaluck%20Ukrisdawithid">Saowaluck Ukrisdawithid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The thermal conductivity of thermal insulation materials are measured by Heat Flow Meter (HFM) apparatus. The components of uncertainty are complex and difficult on routine measurement by modelling approach. In this study, uncertainty of thermal conductivity measurement was estimated by single laboratory validation approach. The within-laboratory reproducibility was 1.1%. The standard uncertainty of method and laboratory bias by using SRM1453 expanded polystyrene board was dominant at 1.4%. However, it was assessed that there was no significant bias. For sample measurement, the sources of uncertainty were repeatability, density of sample and thermal conductivity resolution of HFM. From this approach to sample measurements, the combined uncertainty was calculated. In summary, the thermal conductivity of sample, polystyrene foam, was reported as 0.03367 W/m·K ± 3.5% (k = 2) at mean temperature 23.5 °C. The single laboratory validation approach is simple key of routine testing laboratory for estimation uncertainty of thermal conductivity measurement by using HFM, according to ISO/IEC 17025-2017 requirements. These are meaningful for laboratory competent improvement, quality control on products, and conformity assessment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20laboratory%20validation%20approach" title="single laboratory validation approach">single laboratory validation approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=within-laboratory%20reproducibility" title=" within-laboratory reproducibility"> within-laboratory reproducibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=method%20and%20laboratory%20bias" title=" method and laboratory bias"> method and laboratory bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certified%20reference%20material" title=" certified reference material"> certified reference material</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115436/estimation-of-uncertainty-of-thermal-conductivity-measurement-with-single-laboratory-validation-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15319</span> Thermal Technologies Applications for Soil Remediation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20de%20Folly%20d%E2%80%99Auris">A. de Folly d’Auris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Bagatin"> R. Bagatin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Filtri"> P. Filtri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the importance of having a good initial characterization of soil samples when thermal desorption has to be applied to polluted soils for the removal of contaminants. Particular attention has to be devoted on the desorption kinetics of the samples to identify the gases evolved during the heating, and contaminant degradation pathways. In this study, two samples coming from different points of the same contaminated site were considered. The samples are much different from each other. Moreover, the presence of high initial quantity of heavy hydrocarbons strongly affected the performance of thermal desorption, resulting in formation of dangerous intermediates. Analytical techniques such TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis), DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass) provided a good support to give correct indication for field application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desorption%20kinetics" title="desorption kinetics">desorption kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrocarbons" title=" hydrocarbons"> hydrocarbons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20desorption" title=" thermal desorption"> thermal desorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermogravimetric%20measurements" title=" thermogravimetric measurements"> thermogravimetric measurements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40004/thermal-technologies-applications-for-soil-remediation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15318</span> Analysis of Detection Concealed Objects Based on Multispectral and Hyperspectral Signatures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kastek">M. Kastek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kowalski"> M. Kowalski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Szustakowski"> M. Szustakowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Polakowski"> H. Polakowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Sosnowski"> T. Sosnowski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Development of highly efficient security systems is one of the most urgent topics for science and engineering. There are many kinds of threats and many methods of prevention. It is very important to detect a threat as early as possible in order to neutralize it. One of the very challenging problems is detection of dangerous objects hidden under human’s clothing. This problem is particularly important for safety of airport passengers. In order to develop methods and algorithms to detect hidden objects it is necessary to determine the thermal signatures of such objects of interest. The laboratory measurements were conducted to determine the thermal signatures of dangerous tools hidden under various clothes in different ambient conditions. Cameras used for measurements were working in spectral range 0.6-12.5 μm An infrared imaging Fourier transform spectroradiometer was also used, working in spectral range 7.7-11.7 μm. Analysis of registered thermograms and hyperspectral datacubes has yielded the thermal signatures for two types of guns, two types of knives and home-made explosive bombs. The determined thermal signatures will be used in the development of method and algorithms of image analysis implemented in proposed monitoring systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperspectral%20detection" title="hyperspectral detection">hyperspectral detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nultispectral%20detection" title=" nultispectral detection"> nultispectral detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring%20systems" title=" monitoring systems"> monitoring systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7795/analysis-of-detection-concealed-objects-based-on-multispectral-and-hyperspectral-signatures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15317</span> Experimentally Validated Analytical Model for Thermal Analysis of Multi-Stage Depressed Collector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishant%20Gahlaut">Vishant Gahlaut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A%20Mercy%20Latha"> A Mercy Latha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Kumar%20Ghosh"> Sanjay Kumar Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multi-stage depressed collectors (MDC) are used as an efficiency enhancement technique in traveling wave tubes the high-energy electron beam, after its interaction with the RF signal, gets velocity sorted and collected at various depressed electrodes of the MDC. The ultimate goal is to identify an optimum thermal management scheme (cooling mechanism) that could extract the heat efficiently from the electrodes. Careful thermal analysis, incorporating the cooling mechanism is required to ensure that the maximum temperature does not exceed the safe limits. A simple analytical model for quick prediction of the thermal has been developed. The model has been developed for the worst-case un-modulated DC condition, where all the thermal power is dissipated in the last electrode (typically, fourth electrode in the case of the four-stage depressed collector). It considers the thermal contact resistances at various braze joints accounting for the practical non-uniformities. Analytical results obtained from the model have been validated with simulated and experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-stage%20depressed%20collector" title="multi-stage depressed collector">multi-stage depressed collector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TWTs" title=" TWTs"> TWTs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20contact%20resistance" title=" thermal contact resistance"> thermal contact resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20management" title=" thermal management"> thermal management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80363/experimentally-validated-analytical-model-for-thermal-analysis-of-multi-stage-depressed-collector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80363.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15316</span> An Assessment of Thermal Comfort and Air Quality in Educational Space: A Case Study of Design Studios in the Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bakr%20Gomaa">Bakr Gomaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hana%20Awad"> Hana Awad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A stuffy room is one of the indicators of poor indoor air quality. Through working in an educational building in Alexandria, it is noticed that one of the rooms is smelly. A field study is conducted in a private university building in Alexandria to achieve indoor sustainable educational environment. Additionally, the indoor air quality is empirically assessed, and thermal comfort is identified in educational buildings, in studio halls specifically during lecture hours. The current research uses qualitative and quantitative methods in the form of literature review, investigation and test measurements. At a similar time that the teachers and students fill in a questionnaire regarding the concept of indoor climate, thermal comfort variables are determined. The indoor thermal conditions of the studio are assessed through three variables including Fanger’s comfort indicators (calculated using PMV, predicted mean vote and PPD, predicted percentage of dissatisfied people), the actual people clothing and metabolic rate. Actual measurements of air quality are obtained in a case study in an architectural building. Results have proved that indoor climatic conditions as air flow and temperature are inconvenient to inhabitants. Regarding questionnaire results, occupants appear to be uncomfortable in both seasons, with result percentages out of the acceptable range. Finally, further researches will center on how to preserve thermal comfort in school buildings since it has a vital influence on the student’s knowledge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20buildings" title="educational buildings">educational buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indoor%20air%20quality" title=" Indoor air quality"> Indoor air quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productivity" title=" productivity"> productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20comfort" title=" thermal comfort"> thermal comfort</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102974/an-assessment-of-thermal-comfort-and-air-quality-in-educational-space-a-case-study-of-design-studios-in-the-arab-academy-for-science-technology-and-maritime-transport-alexandria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102974.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15315</span> Thermal Conductivity of Al2O3/Water-Based Nanofluids: Revisiting the Influences of pH and Surfactant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nizar%20Bouguerra">Nizar Bouguerra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Khabou"> Ahmed Khabou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S%C3%A9bastien%20Poncet"> Sébastien Poncet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sa%C3%AFd%20Elkoun"> Saïd Elkoun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work focuses on the preparation and the stabilization of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-water based nanofluids. Though they have been widely considered in the past, to the best of our knowledge, there is no clear consensus about a proper way to prepare and stabilize them by the appropriate surfactant. In this paper, a careful experimental investigation is performed to quantify the combined influence of pH and the surfactant on the stability of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-water based nanofluids. Two volume concentrations of nanoparticles and three nanoparticle sizes have been considered. The good preparation and stability of these nanofluids are evaluated through thermal conductivity measurements. The results show that the optimum value for the thermal conductivity is obtained mainly by controlling the pH of the mixture and surfactants are not necessary to stabilize the solution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofluid" title="nanofluid">nanofluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pH" title=" pH"> pH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20hot%20wire" title=" transient hot wire"> transient hot wire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactant" title=" surfactant"> surfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al2O3" title=" Al2O3"> Al2O3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion" title=" dispersion"> dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preparation" title=" preparation"> preparation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59675/thermal-conductivity-of-al2o3water-based-nanofluids-revisiting-the-influences-of-ph-and-surfactant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59675.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15314</span> Operating System Support for Mobile Device Thermal Management and Performance Optimization in Augmented Reality Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasith%20Mindula%20Saipath%20Wickramasinghe">Yasith Mindula Saipath Wickramasinghe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Augmented reality applications require a high processing power to load, render and live stream high-definition AR models and virtual scenes; it also requires device sensors to work excessively to coordinate with internal hardware, OS and give the expected outcome in advance features like object detection, real time tracking, as well as voice and text recognition. Excessive thermal generation due to these advanced functionalities has become a major research problem as it is unbearable for smaller mobile devices to manage such heat increment and battery drainage as it causes physical harm to the devices in the long term. Therefore, effective thermal management is one of the major requirements in Augmented Reality application development. As this paper discusses major causes for this issue, it also provides possible solutions in the means of operating system adaptations as well as further research on best coding practises to optimize the application performance that reduces thermal excessive thermal generation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=augmented%20reality" title="augmented reality">augmented reality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=device%20thermal%20management" title=" device thermal management"> device thermal management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPU" title=" GPU"> GPU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operating%20systems" title=" operating systems"> operating systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=device%20I%2FO" title=" device I/O"> device I/O</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overheating" title=" overheating"> overheating</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151018/operating-system-support-for-mobile-device-thermal-management-and-performance-optimization-in-augmented-reality-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15313</span> Monitorization of Junction Temperature Using a Thermal-Test-Device</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Arzhanov">B. Arzhanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Correia"> A. Correia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Delgado"> P. Delgado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Meireles"> J. Meireles</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the higher power loss levels in electronic components, the thermal design of PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards) of an assembled device becomes one of the most important quality factors in electronics. Nonetheless, some of leading causes of the microelectronic component failures are due to higher temperatures, the leakages or thermal-mechanical stress, which is a concern, is the reliability of microelectronic packages. This article presents an experimental approach to measure the junction temperature of exposed pad packages. The implemented solution is in a prototype phase, using a temperature-sensitive parameter (TSP) to measure temperature directly on the die, validating the numeric results provided by the Mechanical APDL (Ansys Parametric Design Language) under same conditions. The physical device-under-test is composed by a Thermal Test Chip (TTC-1002) and assembly in a QFN cavity, soldered to a test-board according to JEDEC Standards. Monitoring the voltage drop across a forward-biased diode, is an indirectly method but accurate to obtain the junction temperature of QFN component with an applied power range between 0,3W to 1.5W. The temperature distributions on the PCB test-board and QFN cavity surface were monitored by an infra-red thermal camera (Goby-384) controlled and images processed by the Xeneth software. The article provides a set-up to monitorize in real-time the junction temperature of ICs, namely devices with the exposed pad package (i.e. QFN). Presenting the PCB layout parameters that the designer should use to improve thermal performance, and evaluate the impact of voids in solder interface in the device junction temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quad%20flat%20no-Lead%20packages" title="quad flat no-Lead packages">quad flat no-Lead packages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exposed%20pads" title=" exposed pads"> exposed pads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=junction%20temperature" title=" junction temperature"> junction temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20management%20and%20measurements" title=" thermal management and measurements"> thermal management and measurements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39505/monitorization-of-junction-temperature-using-a-thermal-test-device" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15312</span> Synthesis of KCaVO4:Sm³⁺/PMMA Luminescent Nanocomposites and Their Optical Property Measurements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumara%20Khursheed">Sumara Khursheed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jitendra%20Sharma"> Jitendra Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work reports synthesis of nanocomposites (NCs) of phosphor (KCaVO4:Sm3+) embedded poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) using solution casting method and their optical properties measurements for their possible application in making flexible luminescent films. X-ray diffraction analyses were employed to obtain the structural parameters as crystallinity, shape and size of the obtained NCs. The emission and excitation spectra were obtained using Photoluminescence spectroscopy to quantify the spectral properties of these fluorescent polymer/phosphor films. Optical energy gap has been estimated using UV-VIS spectroscopy while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was exploited to measure the thermal properties of the NC films in terms of their thermal stability, glass transition temperature and degree of crystallinity etc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title="nanocomposites">nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=luminescence" title=" luminescence"> luminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20scanning%20calorimetry" title=" differential scanning calorimetry"> differential scanning calorimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMMA" title=" PMMA"> PMMA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85404/synthesis-of-kcavo4sm3pmma-luminescent-nanocomposites-and-their-optical-property-measurements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85404.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15311</span> Experimental Investigation of Nano-Enhanced-PCM-Based Heat Sinks for Passive Thermal Management of Small Satellites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Billy%20Moore">Billy Moore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Izaiah%20Smith"> Izaiah Smith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dominic%20Mckinney"> Dominic Mckinney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Cisco"> Andrew Cisco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Kabir"> Mehdi Kabir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phase-change materials (PCMs) are considered one of the most promising substances to be engaged passively in thermal management and storage systems for spacecraft, where it is critical to diminish the overall mass of the onboard thermal storage system while minimizing temperature fluctuations upon drastic changes in the environmental temperature within the orbit stage. This makes the development of effective thermal management systems more challenging since there is no atmosphere in outer space to take advantage of natural and forced convective heat transfer. PCM can store or release a tremendous amount of thermal energy within a small volume in the form of latent heat of fusion in the phase-change processes of melting and solidification from solid to liquid or, conversely, during which temperature remains almost constant. However, the existing PCMs pose very low thermal conductivity, leading to an undesirable increase in total thermal resistance and, consequently, a slow thermal response time. This often turns into a system bottleneck from the thermal performance perspective. To address the above-mentioned drawback, the present study aims to design and develop various heat sinks featured by nano-structured graphitic foams (i.e., carbon foam), expanded graphite (EG), and open-cell copper foam (OCCF) infiltrated with a conventional paraffin wax PCM with a melting temperature of around 35 °C. This study focuses on the use of passive thermal management techniques to develop efficient heat sinks to maintain the electronics circuits’ and battery module’s temperature within the thermal safety limit for small spacecraft and satellites such as the Pumpkin and OPTIMUS battery modules designed for CubeSats with a cross-sectional area of approximately 4˝×4˝. Thermal response times for various heat sinks are assessed in a vacuum chamber to simulate space conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20sink" title="heat sink">heat sink</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20foams" title=" porous foams"> porous foams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase-change%20material%20%28PCM%29" title=" phase-change material (PCM)"> phase-change material (PCM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spacecraft%20thermal%20management" title=" spacecraft thermal management"> spacecraft thermal management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193580/experimental-investigation-of-nano-enhanced-pcm-based-heat-sinks-for-passive-thermal-management-of-small-satellites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193580.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">12</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15310</span> Influence of Coatings on Energy Conservation in Construction Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nancy%20Sakr">Nancy Sakr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Abou-Zeid"> Mohamed Abou-Zeid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> World energy consumption has increased rapidly in the past few years. Due to population growth, total energy consumption is increasing; a large amount of energy is wasted on the cooling and heating processes in buildings. However, using thermal heating management can minimize costs, heat consumption and create a management system for the heat insulation for buildings. This concept is being implemented through different approaches. Based on analysis and research, there is evidence in the energy consumption before and after testing and applying construction approaches for thermal heating management in building units. This investigation addresses the evaluation of the influence of external coatings on energy consumption. Coatings are considered one of the smart effective available approaches for energy efficiency. Unfortunately, this approach is not widely applied in the construction industry. It needs more data to prove effectiveness and credibility between people to use it as a smart thermal insulation approach. Two precedents have been analyzed in order to monitor buildings’ heat exposure, and how the buildings will be affected by thermal insulation materials. Data sheets from chemical companies which produce similar coatings are compared with the usual products and the protective thermal products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title="energy consumption">energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20envelope" title=" building envelope"> building envelope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20insulation" title=" thermal insulation"> thermal insulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protective%20coatings" title=" protective coatings"> protective coatings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102696/influence-of-coatings-on-energy-conservation-in-construction-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102696.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15309</span> Thermal Transport Properties of Common Transition Single Metal Atom Catalysts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuxi%20Zhu">Yuxi Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenqian%20Chen"> Zhenqian Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is of great interest to investigate the thermal properties of non-precious metal catalysts for Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) based on the thermal management requirements. Due to the low symmetry of materials, to accurately obtain the thermal conductivity of materials, it is necessary to obtain the second and third order force constants by combining density functional theory and machine learning interatomic potential. To be specific, the interatomic force constants are obtained by moment tensor potential (MTP), which is trained by the computational trajectory of Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) at 50, 300, 600, and 900 K for 1 ps each, with a time step of 1 fs in the AIMD computation. And then the thermal conductivity can be obtained by solving the Boltzmann transport equation. In this paper, the thermal transport properties of single metal atom catalysts are studied for the first time to our best knowledge by machine-learning interatomic potential (MLIP). Results show that the single metal atom catalysts exhibit anisotropic thermal conductivities and partially exhibit good thermal conductivity. The average lattice thermal conductivities of G-FeN₄, G-CoN₄ and G-NiN₄ at 300 K are 88.61 W/mK, 205.32 W/mK and 210.57 W/mK, respectively. While other single metal atom catalysts show low thermal conductivity due to their low phonon lifetime. The results also show that low-frequency phonons (0-10 THz) dominate thermal transport properties. The results provide theoretical insights into the application of single metal atom catalysts in thermal management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proton%20exchange%20membrane%20fuel%20cell" title="proton exchange membrane fuel cell">proton exchange membrane fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20metal%20atom%20catalysts" title=" single metal atom catalysts"> single metal atom catalysts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20functional%20theory" title=" density functional theory"> density functional theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine-learning%20interatomic%20potential" title=" machine-learning interatomic potential"> machine-learning interatomic potential</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190217/thermal-transport-properties-of-common-transition-single-metal-atom-catalysts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190217.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15308</span> Heat Transfer Coefficients of Layers of Greenhouse Thermal Screens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vitaly%20Haslavsky">Vitaly Haslavsky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helena%20Vitoshkin"> Helena Vitoshkin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The total energy saving effect of different types of greenhouse thermal/shade screens was determined by measuring and calculating the overall heat transfer coefficients (U-values) for single and several layers of screens. The measurements were carried out using the hot box method, and the calculations were performed according to the ISO Standard 15099. The goal was to examine different types of materials with a wide range of thermal radiation properties used for thermal screens in combination with a dehumidification system in order to improve greenhouse insulation. The experimental results were in good agreement with the calculated heat transfer coefficients. It was shown that a high amount of infra-red (IR) radiation can be blocked by the greenhouse covering material in combination with moveable thermal screens. The aluminum foil screen could be replaced by transparent screens, depending on shading requirements. The results indicated that using a single layer, the U-value was reduced by approximately 70% compared to covering material alone, while the contributions of additional screen layers containing aluminum foil strips could reduce the U-value by approximately 90%. It was shown that three screen layers are sufficient for effective insulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20insulation" title="greenhouse insulation">greenhouse insulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20loss" title=" heat loss"> heat loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20screens" title=" thermal screens"> thermal screens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U-value" title=" U-value"> U-value</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141789/heat-transfer-coefficients-of-layers-of-greenhouse-thermal-screens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge 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