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кирлех мар [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Кӗр</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Анлӑрах опцисем" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ман хатĕрсем" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ман хатĕрсем</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Хутшӑнакан менюйӗ" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cv.wikipedia.org&uselang=cv"><span>Нимелле пулӑшу</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&returnto=%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC" title="Эпир сире, кӑна тума кирлех мар пулин те, аккаунт хатӗрлесе системӑна кӗме сӗнетпӗр"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Аккаунт хатӗрле</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%92%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC" title="Аккаунт хатӗрлесе кӗрӗр, анчах ку кирлех мар [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Кӗр</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Системӑна кӗменнисем валли хатӗрленӗ страницӑсем <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%88%D1%83:%D0%9F%D1%83%D2%AB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D3%91%D1%88" aria-label="Тӳрлетесси пирки тӗплӗнрех"><span>ытларах пӗл</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ку IP адресран тунӑ тӳрлетӳсем [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Хывнӑ тӳпе</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%91_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="IP адресӑн сӳтсе яву страници [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Сӳтсе явни</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Тупмалли" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Тупмалли</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">пытар</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пуҫламӑш</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Çавăн_пекех" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Çавăн_пекех"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Çавăн пекех</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Çавăн_пекех-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Асăрхавсем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Асăрхавсем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Асăрхавсем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Асăрхавсем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Литература" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Литература"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Литература</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Литература-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Каçăсем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Каçăсем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Каçăсем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Каçăсем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Тупмалли" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Контента Курӑмлатас/Пытарас" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Контента Курӑмлатас/Пытарас</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Тĕтĕм</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Урӑх чӗлхери статья патне куҫ. 89 чӗлхелли пур" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 чӗлхе</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumo" title="Fumo — арагонский" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fumo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1)" title="دخان (كيمياء) — арап" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دخان (كيمياء)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арап" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%A2%DC%A2%DC%90" title="ܬܢܢܐ — арамейский" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܬܢܢܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="арамейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiwq%27i" title="Jiwq'i — аймара" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Jiwq'i" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="аймара" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%ABm%C4%81" title="Dūmā — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Dūmā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aso" title="Aso — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Aso" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Дым — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дым" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Дым — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дым" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Дим — болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дим" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%81" title="धुआँ — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="धुआँ" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palak" title="Palak — Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Palak" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ধোঁয়া — бенгал" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ধোঁয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dim" title="Dim — боснийский" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dim" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fum" title="Fum — каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fum" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%95%DA%B5" title="دووکەڵ — центральнокурдский" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دووکەڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="центральнокурдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kou%C5%99" title="Kouř — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kouř" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rauch" title="Rauch — нимӗҫ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rauch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нимӗҫ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke" title="Smoke — акӑлчан" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Smoke" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="акӑлчан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumo" title="Fumo — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humo" title="Humo — испани" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Humo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suits" title="Suits — эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Suits" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke" title="Ke — баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ke" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF" title="دود — персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دود" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savu" title="Savu — финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Savu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fum%C3%A9e" title="Fumée — франци" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fumée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="франци" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toit" title="Toit — ирландский" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Toit" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fume" title="Fume — галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fume" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatat%C4%A9" title="Tatatĩ — гуарани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tatatĩ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haya%C6%99i" title="Hayaƙi — хауса" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Hayaƙi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%9F" title="עשן — иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עשן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%81" title="धुआँ — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="धुआँ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dim" title="Dim — хорватский" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dim" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafimen" title="Lafimen — гаитянский" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lafimen" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаитянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCst" title="Füst — венгерский" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Füst" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AD" title="Ծուխ — армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ծուխ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asap" title="Asap — индонези" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Asap" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонези" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reykur" title="Reykur — исландский" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Reykur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumo" title="Fumo — итали" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fumo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%85%99" title="煙 — япони" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="煙" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="япони" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keluk" title="Keluk — яванский" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Keluk" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awwu" title="Awwu — кабильский" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Awwu" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Түтінді газдар — казахский" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Түтінді газдар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%86" title="ಹೊಗೆ — каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹೊಗೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EA%B8%B0_(%ED%99%94%ED%95%99)" title="연기 (화학) — корей" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="연기 (화학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Түтүн — киргизский" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түтүн" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumus" title="Fumus — латинский" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fumus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouk" title="Rouk — лимбургский" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Rouk" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumm" title="Fumm — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Fumm" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%ABmai" title="Dūmai — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dūmai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%ABmi" title="Dūmi — латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dūmi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setroka" title="Setroka — малагасийский" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Setroka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагасийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Чад (хемија) — македонский" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чад (хемија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asap" title="Asap — малайский" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Asap" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8" title="မီးခိုး — бирманский" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မီးခိုး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирманский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%81" title="कुँ — неварский" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कुँ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неварский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rook" title="Rook — голланди" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rook" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голланди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B8yk" title="Røyk — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Røyk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B8yk" title="Røyk — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Røyk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fum" title="Fum — окситанский" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fum" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dym" title="Dym — поляк" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dym" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="دھواں — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دھواں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AB%DB%8C" title="لوګی — пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لوګی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumo" title="Fumo — португали" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fumo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27us%C3%B1i" title="Q'usñi — кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Q'usñi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fum" title="Fum — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fum" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumu" title="Fumu — арумынский" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Fumu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="арумынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Дым — вырӑс" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дым" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="вырӑс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reek" title="Reek — шотландский" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Reek" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dim" title="Dim — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dim" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke" title="Smoke — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Smoke" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dym" title="Dym — словацкий" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dym" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словацкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiiq" title="Qiiq — сомали" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Qiiq" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tymi" title="Tymi — албанский" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tymi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Дим — сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дим" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haseup" title="Haseup — сунданский" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Haseup" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сунданский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6k" title="Rök — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rök" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moshi_(wingu)" title="Moshi (wingu) — суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Moshi (wingu)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88" title="புகை — тамильский" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புகை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%97" title="పొగ — телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పొగ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ควัน — тай" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ควัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duman" title="Duman — турккӑ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Duman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турккӑ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Дим — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дим" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="دھواں — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دھواں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%B3i" title="Khói — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khói" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asu" title="Asu — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Asu" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%9F" title="烟 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="烟" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%85%99" title="煙 — китай" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="煙" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%85%99" title="煙 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="煙" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intuthu" title="Intuthu — зулу" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Intuthu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q130768#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Чӗлхесем хушшинчи каҫӑсем" class="wbc-editpage">Каҫӑсене тӳрлет</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ятсен уҫлӑхӗ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC" title="Статьяна пăх [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Страница</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D3%B3%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8:%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Статьяна сӳтсе явасси (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Сӳтсе яв</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Чӗлхе вариантне улӑштар" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">чӑвашла</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Пурĕ пăхнă"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC"><span>Вула</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC&veaction=edit" title="Кăна тӳрлет [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC&action=edit" title="Править исходный текст этой страницы [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодне тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC&action=history" title="Страницӑна улӑштарнин журналӗ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Истори</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Страницӑсен хатӗр-хӗтӗрӗ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Хатĕрсем" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Хатĕрсем</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Хатӗрсем</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">пытар</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Анлӑрах опцисем" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ӗҫсем </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC"><span>Вула</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC&veaction=edit" title="Кăна тӳрлет [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC&action=edit" title="Править исходный текст этой страницы [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодне тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC&action=history"><span>Истори</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Пӗтӗмӗшле </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a 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страницӑсен йышӗ [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Ятарлă страницăсем</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC&oldid=819470" title="Страницӑн ҫак версине кӑтартакан яланхи каҫӑ"><span>Яланхи вырăн</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC&action=info" title="Ку страница ҫинчен тӗплӗнрех"><span>Страница ҫинчен</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&page=%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC&id=819470&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Ҫак эле мӗнле цитатӑласси"><span>Страницăна цитатăла</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A2%25C4%2595%25D1%2582%25C4%2595%25D0%25BC"><span>Кӗске URL адреса ил</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A2%25C4%2595%25D1%2582%25C4%2595%25D0%25BC"><span>QR-код уҫласа ил</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Пичет/экспорт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC"><span>Кĕнеке тумалли</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF пек уҫласа ил</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC&printable=yes" title="Ҫак страницӑн пичет версийӗ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Пичет версийĕ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ытти проектсенче </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Smoke" hreflang="en"><span>Викисклад</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q130768" title="Ссылка на связанный элемент репозитория данных [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata элеменчӗ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Страницӑсен хатӗр-хӗтӗрӗ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Курӑнакан калӑплав"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Курӑнакан калӑплав</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">пытар</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">«Википеди» ирĕклĕ энциклопединчи материал</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cv" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:Ognisko_ubt_0126.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ognisko_ubt_0126.jpeg/220px-Ognisko_ubt_0126.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ognisko_ubt_0126.jpeg/330px-Ognisko_ubt_0126.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ognisko_ubt_0126.jpeg/440px-Ognisko_ubt_0126.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1396" data-file-height="1011" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1_-_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_(1900-%D0%B5).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1_-_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%281900-%D0%B5%29.jpg/220px-%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1_-_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%281900-%D0%B5%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1_-_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%281900-%D0%B5%29.jpg/330px-%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1_-_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%281900-%D0%B5%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1_-_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%281900-%D0%B5%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="507" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>-мĕш çулсем. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Савут">Савут</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%C4%83%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Мăрье">мăрйисенчен</a> тухакан <a class="mw-selflink selflink">тĕтĕм</a></figcaption></figure> <div style="padding-left:1em; padding-bottom:.5em; margin-top:-.5em; margin-bottom:.5em; font-style:italic; border-bottom:1px #AAA solid;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/20px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/30px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/40px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></span></span> Ку терминăн урăх пĕлтерĕшсем пур, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC_(%D0%BF%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%C4%95%D1%88%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тĕтĕм (пĕлтерĕшсем) (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Тĕтĕм (пĕлтерĕшсем)</a> пăхăр.</div> <div class="dablink">Ыйтнине кунта куçарса яраççĕ «<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%87%C4%95&redirect=no">Çуну продукчĕ</a></span>». Çак темăпа <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%87%C4%95?action=edit">уйрăм статья кирлĕ</a></span>.</div> <p><b>Тĕтĕм</b> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BC" title="Дисперсла тытăм">дисперсла</a> тĕреклĕ тытăм, </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Çавăн_пекех"><span id=".C3.87.D0.B0.D0.B2.C4.83.D0.BD_.D0.BF.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.B5.D1.85"></span>Çавăн пекех</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Çавăн пекех пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC&action=edit&section=1" title="Редактировать код раздела «Çавăн пекех»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%99%C4%83%D1%81%C4%83%D1%80" title="Йăсăр">Йăсăр</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%C4%83%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Мăрье">Мăрье</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC%C3%A7%C4%83%D1%82%C4%83%D1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тĕтĕмçăтăш (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Тĕтĕмçăтăш</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тĕтĕм арчи (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Тĕтĕм арчи</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82%C4%95%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Конусла хатĕр (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Конусла хатĕр</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фумизм (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Фумизм е «тĕтĕм ÿнерĕ»</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC-%D1%81%C4%95%D1%80%C4%95%D0%BC" title="Тĕтĕм-сĕрĕм">Тĕтĕм-сĕрĕм</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Асăрхавсем"><span id=".D0.90.D1.81.C4.83.D1.80.D1.85.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Асăрхавсем</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Асăрхавсем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC&action=edit&section=2" title="Редактировать код раздела «Асăрхавсем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style=""> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Литература"><span id=".D0.9B.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Литература</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Литература пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC&action=edit&section=3" title="Редактировать код раздела «Литература»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://cv.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%BC,_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="s:ЭСБЕ/Дым, продукт горения">Дым, продукт горения</a> // <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона</a>: В 86 томах (82 т. и 4 доп.). — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Санкт-Петербург">СПб</span>.: 1890—1907.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Каçăсем"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B0.C3.A7.C4.83.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Каçăсем</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Каçăсем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC&action=edit&section=4" title="Редактировать код раздела «Каçăсем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="infobox sisterproject noprint wikidict-box"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:Wiktionary-logo-ru.png" class="mw-file-description" title="«Викисăмахсар» логотипĕ"><img alt="«Викисăмахсар» логотипĕ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wiktionary-logo-ru.png/50px-Wiktionary-logo-ru.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wiktionary-logo-ru.png/75px-Wiktionary-logo-ru.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wiktionary-logo-ru.png/100px-Wiktionary-logo-ru.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="135" /></a><figcaption>«Викисăмахсар» логотипĕ</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%C4%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Викисăмахсар">«Викисăмахсарта»</a> статья пур <b><span class="wikidict-ref"><a href="https://cv.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%82%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC" class="extiw" title="wikt:тĕтĕм">«тĕтĕм»</a></span></b></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meteocenter.net/meteolib/ww.htm">АТМОСФЕРНЫЕ ЯВЛЕНИЯ — КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ И ОПИСАНИЕ</a> <small>2020 ҫулхи Ҫӗртме уйӑхӗн 1-мӗшӗнче <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200601185025/http://meteocenter.net/meteolib/ww.htm">архивланӑ</a>.</small></li></ul> <table class="navbox collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks" style="margin:auto;;"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;width:100%;background:lightblue;"><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;; font-size:xx-small;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%C3%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D0%BA" title="Шаблон:Çанталăк"><span title="Шаблоне пăх" style="">п</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D3%B3%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8:%C3%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шаблона сӳтсе явмалли:Çанталăк (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)"><span title="Шаблоне сӳтсе явни" style="">с</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%C3%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D0%BA&action=edit"><span title="Шаблоне тӳрлет" style=";">т</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:Sun01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="хĕвел"><img alt="хĕвел" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Sun01.svg/20px-Sun01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Sun01.svg/30px-Sun01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Sun01.svg/40px-Sun01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <big><a href="/wiki/%C3%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D0%BA" title="Çанталăк">Çанталăк</a></big> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:Rain01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="çумăр"><img alt="çумăр" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Rain01.svg/20px-Rain01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Rain01.svg/30px-Rain01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Rain01.svg/40px-Rain01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></span></th> </tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";background:lightblue;;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%85%C4%83%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çулталăк тапхăрĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)"><span style="color:#5C5C5C;">Çулталăк тапхăрĕсем</span></a></th><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%C4%95%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Хĕлле">Хĕлле</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Çуркунне">Çуркунне</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Çулла">Çулла</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Кĕркунне">Кĕркунне</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82_%C4%83%D1%88%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Ват ăшши">Ылттăн кĕркунне</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BA%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="mw-disambig" title="Хура кĕркунне">Хура кĕркунне</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82_%C4%83%D1%88%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Ват ăшши">Ват ăшши</a>)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";background:lightblue;;"><span style="color:#5C5C5C;">Тропик <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%85%C4%83%D1%80%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Çулталăк тапхăрĕсем"><span style="color:#5C5C5C;">çулталăк тапхăрĕсем</span></a></span></th><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;background:#f0f0f0;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%C4%95_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Типĕ сезон">Типĕ сезон</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%80_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%C4%95" title="Çумăр сезонĕ">Çумăр сезонĕ</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";background:lightblue;;"><span style="color:#5C5C5C;">Çанталăк палăрăмĕсем</span></th><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Аслати">Аслати</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%D0%B8%C3%A7%C4%95%D0%BC" title="Çиçĕм">Çиçĕм</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Торнадо">Торнадо</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83_%C3%A7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%C3%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Шывлă çавраçил">Шывлă çавраçил</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%C4%83%D0%BD" title="Шăн">Шăн</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%C4%95" title="Тропик циклонĕ">Тропик циклонĕ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%C4%95%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8_%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Тропик тулашĕнчи циклон">Тропик тулашĕнчи циклон</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%BF%C4%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Сăлпăран">Сăлпăран</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%83%D0%B2%C4%83%D0%BB" title="Тăвăл">Тăвăл</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%83%D0%B2%C4%83%D0%BB" title="Тăвăл">Çил-тăвăл</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%82%C4%83%D0%B2%C4%83%D0%BB" title="Тусанлă тăвăл">Тусанлă тăвăл</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D0%BC%D0%BB%C4%83_%C3%A7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%C3%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Çулăмлă çавраçил">Çулăмлă çавраçил</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%C4%83_%C3%A7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%C3%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Тусанлă çавраçил">Тусанлă çавраçил</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";background:lightblue;;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%B2%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Атмосфера çăвăмĕсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)"><span style="color:#5C5C5C;">Атмосфера çăвăмĕсем</span></a></th><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;background:#f0f0f0;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%C4%95%D0%BF%D1%85%D3%B3" title="Йĕпхӳ">Йĕпхӳ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%80" title="Çумăр">Çумăр</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%95_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%80" title="Аслатиллĕ çумăр">Аслатиллĕ çумăр</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%95_%D1%8E%D1%80" title="Аслатиллĕ юр">Аслатиллĕ юр</a>) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D1%80_(%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%B2%C4%83%D0%BC)" title="Юр (çăвăм)">Юр</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B5_(%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%B2%C4%83%D0%BC)" title="Кĕрпе (çăвăм)">Кĕрпе</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%83%D1%80_(%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%B2%C4%83%D0%BC)" title="Пăр (çăвăм)">Пăр</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83%D0%BC" title="Сывлăм">Сывлăм</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%83%D0%BC_(%C3%A7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D0%BA)" title="Тăм (çанталăк)">Тăм</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Пас">Пас</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Каршака">Каршака</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%83%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Пăрлак">Пăрлак</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%83%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%80" title="Пăрлă çумăр">Пăрлă çумăр</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";background:lightblue;;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çанталăк прогнозĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)"><span style="color:#5C5C5C;">Çанталăк тăрăмĕ тата прогноз</span></a></th><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Сывлăш температури">Сывлăш температури</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%82%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ăмăрлăх (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Ăмăрлăх</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%D0%B8%D0%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Çил">Çил</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%B5%D0%BD%C4%95" title="Çил енĕ">Çил енĕ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%95" title="Атмосфера пусăмĕ">Атмосфера пусăмĕ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%88" title="Сывлăш">Сывлăшăн</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%83_%D0%BD%C3%BF%D1%80%C4%95%D0%BA%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%85" title="Танлаштаруллă нÿрĕклĕх">танлаштаруллă нÿрĕклĕхĕ</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks hlist" style="margin:auto;;"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;width:100%;"><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;; font-size:xx-small;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Шаблон:Термодинамика"><span title="Шаблоне пăх" style="">п</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D3%B3%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шаблона сӳтсе явмалли:Термодинамика (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)"><span title="Шаблоне сӳтсе явни" style="">с</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit"><span title="Шаблоне тӳрлет" style=";">т</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Термодинамика">Термодинамика</a></span></th> </tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";;">Термодинамика уйрăмĕсем</th><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%83%C3%A7%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%88%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Термодинамика пуçламăшĕсем">Термодинамика пуçламăшĕсем</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%83%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BC_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95" title="Тăрăм танлăхĕ">Тăрăм танлăхĕ</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Термодинамикăлла кап">Термодинамикăлла капсем</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура">температура</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%81%C4%83%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Пусăм">пусăм</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D0%BF%C4%83%D1%88" title="Калăпăш">калăпăш</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Масса">пĕтемĕшле масса</a> тата ытти те)  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Термодинамикăлла потенциал (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Термодинамикăлла потенциал</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Термодинамикăлла цикл (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Термодинамикăлла цикл</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BC" title="Фазăлла куçăм">Фазăлла куçăмсем</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%C4%95%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пĕрремĕш ретри фазăлла куçăм (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Пĕрремĕш ретри фазăлла куçăмсем</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Иккĕмĕш ретри фазăлла куçăм (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Иккĕмĕш ретри фазăлла куçăмсем</a>)  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%83%D1%81%C4%83%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Шайлашусăрлăхла термодинамика">Шайлашусăрлăхла термодинамика</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%83%C3%A7%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%88%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Термодинамика пуçламăшĕсем">Термодинамика пуçламăшĕсем</a></th><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%83%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%C4%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Термодинамикăн ум каланăлăхĕсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Термодинамикăн нульмĕш пуçламăшĕ</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%83%D0%BD_%D0%BF%C4%95%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%D0%BF%D1%83%C3%A7%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%88%C4%95" title="Термодинамикăн пĕрремĕш пуçламăшĕ">Термодинамикăн пĕрремĕш пуçламăшĕ</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%83%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%D0%BF%D1%83%C3%A7%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%88%C4%95" title="Термодинамикăн иккĕмĕш пуçламăшĕ">Термодинамикăн иккĕмĕш пуçламăшĕ</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%83%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%B8%C3%A7%C3%A7%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%D0%BF%D1%83%C3%A7%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%88%C4%95" title="Термодинамикăн виççĕмĕш пуçламăшĕ">Термодинамикăн виççĕмĕш пуçламăшĕ</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox collapsible collapsed nowraplinks hlist" style="margin:auto;;"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;width:100%;"><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;; font-size:xx-small;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Шаблон:Экологи"><span title="Шаблоне пăх" style="">п</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D3%B3%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8:%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шаблона сӳтсе явмалли:Экологи (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)"><span title="Шаблоне сӳтсе явни" style="">с</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit"><span title="Шаблоне тӳрлет" style=";">т</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Экологи">Экологи</a> тата <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D1%82%C3%A7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Çутçанталăка сыхласси">çутçанталăка сыхласси</a></span></th> </tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";;">Пĕрлехи</th><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Биологилле продуктивлăх (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Биологилле продуктивлăх</a>  • <a 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href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Тавралăха сыхласси">Килтерĕш экологи</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D1%82%C3%A7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Çутçанталăка сыхласси">Çутçанталăка сыхласси</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%C4%95_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Тĕреклĕ аталану">Тĕреклĕ аталану</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Экологилле этика (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Экологилле этика</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B9%C4%95%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Экологилле йĕр (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Экологилле йĕр</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%BA%C4%83%D0%BF%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%C4%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хурт-кăпшанкăсен экологийĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Хурт-кăпшанкăсен экологийĕ</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95" title="Ӳсентăрансен экологийĕ">Ӳсентăрансен экологийĕ</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BC" title="Экотытăм">Экотытăм</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Энвайронментализм (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Энвайронментализм</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";;">Ăслăх саккунĕсем</th><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%C4%83%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хопкинсăн биоклимат саккунĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Хопкинсăн биоклимат саккунĕ</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Чикĕлекен фактор саккунĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Чикĕлекен фактор саккунĕ</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Оптимум саккунĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Оптимум саккунĕ</a>  • <a 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 • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%95%D1%80_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çĕр атмосфери вараланни (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Атмосфера вараланни</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Грунт вараланни">Грунт вараланни</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Океансем вараланни (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Океансем вараланни</a>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BD%C4%95%D1%81_%C3%A7%D3%B3%D0%BF-%C3%A7%D0%B0%D0%BF%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тинĕс çӳп-çапĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">тинĕс çӳп-çапĕ</a>)  • <a 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style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Альтер-энергетика (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Альтер-энергетика</a></th><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BA%C4%83%C3%A7" title="Биохуткăç">Биохуткăç</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Çил энергетики">Çил энергетики</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Таврăнакан энерги">Таврăнакан энерги</a>  • <a 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