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analysis</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: terrain analysis"> <meta name="keywords" content="terrain analysis"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="terrain analysis"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 27973</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: terrain analysis</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27943</span> Comparison of Slope Data between Google Earth and the Digital Terrain Model, for Registration in Car</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andr%C3%A9%20Felipe%20Gimenez">André Felipe Gimenez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fl%C3%A1via%20Alessandra%20Ribeiro%20da%20Silva"> Flávia Alessandra Ribeiro da Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roberto%20Saverio%20Souza%20Costa"> Roberto Saverio Souza Costa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, the rural producer has been facing problems regarding environmental regularization, which is precisely why the CAR (Rural Environmental Registry) was created. CAR is an electronic registry for rural properties with the purpose of assimilating notions about legal reserve areas, permanent preservation areas, areas of limited use, stable areas, forests and remnants of native vegetation, and all rural properties in Brazil. . The objective of this work was to evaluate and compare altimetry and slope data from google Earth with a digital terrain model (MDT) generated by aerophotogrammetry, in three plots of a steep slope, for the purpose of declaration in the CAR (Rural Environmental Registry). The realization of this work is justified in these areas, in which rural landowners have doubts about the reliability of the use of the free software Google Earth to diagnose inclinations greater than 25 degrees, as recommended by federal law 12651/2012. Added to the fact that in the literature, there is a deficiency of this type of study for the purpose of declaration of the CAR. The results showed that when comparing the drone altimetry data with the Google Earth image data, in areas of high slope (above 40% slope), Google underestimated the real values of terrain slope. Thus, it is concluded that Google Earth is not reliable for diagnosing areas with an inclination greater than 25 degrees (46% declivity) for the purpose of declaration in the CAR, being essential to carry out the local topographic survey. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MDT" title="MDT">MDT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drone" title=" drone"> drone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RPA" title=" RPA"> RPA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SiCar" title=" SiCar"> SiCar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photogrammetry" title=" photogrammetry"> photogrammetry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152861/comparison-of-slope-data-between-google-earth-and-the-digital-terrain-model-for-registration-in-car" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152861.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27942</span> The Solution of the Direct Problem of Electrical Prospecting with Direct Current Under Conditions of Ground Surface Relief</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balgaisha%20Mukanova">Balgaisha Mukanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tolkyn%20Mirgalikyzy"> Tolkyn Mirgalikyzy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Theory of interpretation of electromagnetic fields studied in the electrical prospecting with direct current is mainly developed for the case of a horizontal surface observation. However in practice we often have to work in difficult terrain surface. Conducting interpretation without the influence of topography can cause non-existent anomalies on sections. This raises the problem of studying the impact of different shapes of ground surface relief on the results of electrical prospecting's research. This research examines the numerical solutions of the direct problem of electrical prospecting for two-dimensional and three-dimensional media, taking into account the terrain. The problem is solved using the method of integral equations. The density of secondary currents on the relief surface is obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20surface%20relief" title="ground surface relief">ground surface relief</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=method%20of%20integral%20equations" title=" method of integral equations"> method of integral equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20method" title=" numerical method"> numerical method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic" title=" electromagnetic "> electromagnetic </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27446/the-solution-of-the-direct-problem-of-electrical-prospecting-with-direct-current-under-conditions-of-ground-surface-relief" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27941</span> Vertical Accuracy Evaluation of Indian National DEM (CartoDEM v3) Using Dual Frequency GNSS Derived Ground Control Points for Lower Tapi Basin, Western India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaypalsinh%20B.%20Parmar">Jaypalsinh B. Parmar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pintu%20Nakrani"> Pintu Nakrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashish%20Chaurasia"> Ashish Chaurasia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is considered as an important data in GIS-based terrain analysis for many applications and assessment of processes such as environmental and climate change studies, hydrologic modelling, etc. Vertical accuracy of DEM having geographically dynamic nature depends on different parameters which affect the model simulation outcomes. Vertical accuracy assessment in Indian landscape especially in low-lying coastal urban terrain such as lower Tapi Basin is very limited. In the present study, attempt has been made to evaluate the vertical accuracy of 30m resolution open source Indian National Cartosat-1 DEM v3 for Lower Tapi Basin (LTB) from western India. The extensive field investigation is carried out using stratified random fast static DGPS survey in the entire study region, and 117 high accuracy ground control points (GCPs) have been obtained. The above open source DEM was compared with obtained GCPs, and different statistical attributes were envisaged, and vertical error histograms were also evaluated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CartoDEM" title="CartoDEM">CartoDEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Digital%20Elevation%20Model" title=" Digital Elevation Model"> Digital Elevation Model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPS" title=" GPS"> GPS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lower%20Tapi%20basin" title=" lower Tapi basin"> lower Tapi basin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71398/vertical-accuracy-evaluation-of-indian-national-dem-cartodem-v3-using-dual-frequency-gnss-derived-ground-control-points-for-lower-tapi-basin-western-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27940</span> Stream Extraction from 1m-DTM Using ArcGIS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jerald%20Ruta">Jerald Ruta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ricardo%20Villar"> Ricardo Villar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jojemar%20Bantugan"> Jojemar Bantugan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nycel%20Barbadillo"> Nycel Barbadillo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jigg%20Pelayo"> Jigg Pelayo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Streams are important in providing water supply for industrial, agricultural and human consumption, In short when there are streams there are lives. Identifying streams are essential since many developed cities are situated in the vicinity of these bodies of water and in flood management, it serves as basin for surface runoff within the area. This study aims to process and generate features from high-resolution digital terrain model (DTM) with 1-meter resolution using Hydrology Tools of ArcGIS. The raster was then filled, processed flow direction and accumulation, then raster calculate and provide stream order, converted to vector, and clearing undesirable features using the ancillary or google earth. In field validation streams were classified whether perennial, intermittent or ephemeral. Results show more than 90% of the extracted feature were accurate in assessment through field validation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20terrain%20models" title="digital terrain models">digital terrain models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrology%20tools" title=" hydrology tools"> hydrology tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strahler%20method" title=" strahler method"> strahler method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stream%20classification" title=" stream classification"> stream classification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58581/stream-extraction-from-1m-dtm-using-arcgis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27939</span> Satellite Photogrammetry for DEM Generation Using Stereo Pair and Automatic Extraction of Terrain Parameters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tridipa%20Biswas">Tridipa Biswas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Pandey"> Kamal Pandey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is a simple representation of a surface in 3 dimensional space with elevation as the third dimension along with X (horizontal coordinates) and Y (vertical coordinates) in rectangular coordinates. DEM has wide applications in various fields like disaster management, hydrology and watershed management, geomorphology, urban development, map creation and resource management etc. Cartosat-1 or IRS P5 (Indian Remote Sensing Satellite) is a state-of-the-art remote sensing satellite built by ISRO (May 5, 2005) which is mainly intended for cartographic applications.Cartosat-1 is equipped with two panchromatic cameras capable of simultaneous acquiring images of 2.5 meters spatial resolution. One camera is looking at +26 degrees forward while another looks at –5 degrees backward to acquire stereoscopic imagery with base to height ratio of 0.62. The time difference between acquiring of the stereopair images is approximately 52 seconds. The high resolution stereo data have great potential to produce high-quality DEM. The high-resolution Cartosat-1 stereo image data is expected to have significant impact in topographic mapping and watershed applications. The objective of the present study is to generate high-resolution DEM, quality evaluation in different elevation strata, generation of ortho-rectified image and associated accuracy assessment from CARTOSAT-1 data based Ground Control Points (GCPs) for Aglar watershed (Tehri-Garhwal and Dehradun district, Uttarakhand, India). The present study reveals that generated DEMs (10m and 30m) derived from the CARTOSAT-1 stereo pair is much better and accurate when compared with existing DEMs (ASTER and CARTO DEM) also for different terrain parameters like slope, aspect, drainage, watershed boundaries etc., which are derived from the generated DEMs, have better accuracy and results when compared with the other two (ASTER and CARTO) DEMs derived terrain parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ASTER-DEM" title="ASTER-DEM">ASTER-DEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CARTO-DEM" title=" CARTO-DEM"> CARTO-DEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CARTOSAT-1" title=" CARTOSAT-1"> CARTOSAT-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20elevation%20model%20%28DEM%29" title=" digital elevation model (DEM)"> digital elevation model (DEM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ortho-rectified%20image" title=" ortho-rectified image"> ortho-rectified image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photogrammetry" title=" photogrammetry"> photogrammetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RPC" title=" RPC"> RPC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stereo%20pair" title=" stereo pair"> stereo pair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrain%20parameters" title=" terrain parameters"> terrain parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39979/satellite-photogrammetry-for-dem-generation-using-stereo-pair-and-automatic-extraction-of-terrain-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39979.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27938</span> An Insight Into the Effective Distribution of Lineaments Over Sheared Terrains to Hydraulically Characterize the Shear Zones in Hard Rock Aquifer System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamal%20Sur">Tamal Sur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tapas%20Acharya"> Tapas Acharya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Identifying the water resource in hard crystalline rock terrain has been a huge challenge over the decades as it is considered a poor groundwater province area. Over the years, usage of satellite imagery for the delineation of groundwater potential zone in sheared hard rock terrain has been occasionally successful. In numerous circumstances, it has been observed that groundwater potential zone delineated by satellite imagery study has failed to yield satisfactory result on its own. The present study discusses the fact that zones having a high concentration of lineaments oblique to the general trend of shear fabric could be good groundwater potential zones within a shear zone in crystalline fractured rock aquifer system. Due to this fact, the density of lineaments and the number of intersecting lineaments increases over that particular region, making it a suitable locale for good groundwater recharge, which is mostly composed of Precambrian metamorphic rocks i.e., quartzite, granite gneisses, porphyroclastic granite-gneiss, quartzo-feldspathic-granite-gneiss, mylonitic granites, quartz-biotite-granite gneiss and some phyllites of Purulia district of West Bengal, NE India. This study aims to construct an attempt to demonstrate the relationship of the high amount of lineament accumulation and their intersection with high groundwater fluctuation zones, i.e., good groundwater potential zones. On the basis of that, an effort has been made to characterize the shear zones with respect to their groundwater potentiality. Satellite imagery data (IRS-P6 LISS IV standard FCC image) analysis reveals the bifurcating nature of North Purulia shear zone (NPSZ) and South Purulia shear zone (SPSZ) over the study area. Careful analysis of lineament rose diagrams, lineament density map, lineament intersection density map, and frequency diagrams for water table depths with an emphasis on high water table fluctuations exhibit the fact that different structural features existing over North and South Purulia shear zones can affect the nature of hydraulic potential of that region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystalline%20hard%20rock%20terrain" title="crystalline hard rock terrain">crystalline hard rock terrain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater%20recharge" title=" groundwater recharge"> groundwater recharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogeology" title=" hydrogeology"> hydrogeology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lineaments" title=" lineaments"> lineaments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20zone" title=" shear zone"> shear zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20table%20fluctuation" title=" water table fluctuation"> water table fluctuation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161728/an-insight-into-the-effective-distribution-of-lineaments-over-sheared-terrains-to-hydraulically-characterize-the-shear-zones-in-hard-rock-aquifer-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161728.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27937</span> An Insight into the Distribution of Lineaments over Sheared Terrains to Hydraulically Characterize the Shear Zones in Precambrian Hard Rock Aquifer System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamal%20Sur">Tamal Sur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tapas%20Acharya"> Tapas Acharya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Identifying the water resource in hard crystalline rock terrain has been a huge challenge over the decades as it is considered a poor groundwater province area. Over the years, usage of satellite imagery for the delineation of groundwater potential zone in sheared hard rock terrain has been occasionally successful. In numerous circumstances, it has been observed that groundwater potential zone delineated by satellite imagery study has failed to yield satisfactory result on its own. The present study discusses the fact that zones having high concentration of lineaments oblique to the general trend of shear fabric could be good groundwater potential zones within a shear zone in crystalline fractured rock aquifer system. Due to this fact, the density of lineaments and the number of intersecting lineaments increases over that particular region, making it a suitable locale for good groundwater recharge, which is mostly composed of Precambrian metamorphic rocks i.e., quartzite, granite gneisses, porphyroclastic granite-gneiss, quartzo-feldspathic-granite-gneiss, mylonitic granites, quartz-biotite-granite gneiss and some phyllites of Purulia district of West Bengal, NE India. This study aims to construct an attempt to demonstrate the relationship of high amount of lineament accumulation and their intersection with high groundwater fluctuation zones i.e., good groundwater potential zones. On the basis of that, an effort has been made to characterize the shear zones with respect to their groundwater potentiality. Satellite imagery data (IRS-P6 LISS IV standard FCC image) analysis reveals the bifurcating nature of North Purulia shear zone (NPSZ) and South Purulia shear zone (SPSZ) over the study area. Careful analysis of lineament rose diagrams, lineament density map, lineament intersection density map, and frequency diagrams for water table depths with an emphasis on high water table fluctuations exhibit the fact that different structural features existing over North and South Purulia shear zones can affect the nature of hydraulic potential of that region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystalline%20hard%20rock%20terrain" title="crystalline hard rock terrain">crystalline hard rock terrain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater%20recharge" title=" groundwater recharge"> groundwater recharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogeology" title=" hydrogeology"> hydrogeology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lineaments" title=" lineaments"> lineaments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20zone" title=" shear zone"> shear zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20table%20fluctuation" title=" water table fluctuation"> water table fluctuation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162859/an-insight-into-the-distribution-of-lineaments-over-sheared-terrains-to-hydraulically-characterize-the-shear-zones-in-precambrian-hard-rock-aquifer-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162859.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27936</span> Application of Deep Learning in Colorization of LiDAR-Derived Intensity Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edgardo%20V.%20Gubatanga%20Jr.">Edgardo V. Gubatanga Jr.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Joshua%20Salvacion"> Mark Joshua Salvacion</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most aerial LiDAR systems have accompanying aerial cameras in order to capture not only the terrain of the surveyed area but also its true-color appearance. However, the presence of atmospheric clouds, poor lighting conditions, and aerial camera problems during an aerial survey may cause absence of aerial photographs. These leave areas having terrain information but lacking aerial photographs. Intensity images can be derived from LiDAR data but they are only grayscale images. A deep learning model is developed to create a complex function in a form of a deep neural network relating the pixel values of LiDAR-derived intensity images and true-color images. This complex function can then be used to predict the true-color images of a certain area using intensity images from LiDAR data. The predicted true-color images do not necessarily need to be accurate compared to the real world. They are only intended to look realistic so that they can be used as base maps. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerial%20LiDAR" title="aerial LiDAR">aerial LiDAR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colorization" title=" colorization"> colorization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensity%20images" title=" intensity images"> intensity images</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94116/application-of-deep-learning-in-colorization-of-lidar-derived-intensity-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94116.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27935</span> Numerical Modeling of Air Pollution with PM-Particles and Dust</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Gigauri">N. Gigauri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Surmava"> A. Surmava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Intskirveli"> L. Intskirveli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Kukhalashvili"> V. Kukhalashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Mdivani"> S. Mdivani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The subject of our study is atmospheric air pollution with numerical modeling. In the presented article, as the object of research, there is chosen city Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia, with a population of one and a half million and a difficult terrain. The main source of pollution in Tbilisi is currently vehicles and construction dust. The concentrations of dust and PM (Particulate Matter) were determined in the air of Tbilisi and in its vicinity. There are estimated their monthly maximum, minimum, and average concentrations. Processes of dust propagation in the atmosphere of the city and its surrounding territory are modelled using a 3D regional model of atmospheric processes and an admixture transfer-diffusion equation. There were taken figures of distribution of the polluted cloud and dust concentrations in different areas of the city at different heights and at different time intervals with the background stationary westward and eastward wind. It is accepted that the difficult terrain and mountain-bar circulation affect the deformation of the cloud and its spread, there are determined time periods when the dust concentration in the city is greater than MAC (Maximum Allowable Concentration, MAC=0.5 mg/m³). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollution" title="air pollution">air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dust" title=" dust"> dust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20modeling" title=" numerical modeling"> numerical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PM-particles" title=" PM-particles"> PM-particles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122101/numerical-modeling-of-air-pollution-with-pm-particles-and-dust" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122101.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27934</span> Wind Interference Effects on Various Plan Shape Buildings Under Wind Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ritu%20Raj">Ritu Raj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hrishikesh%20Dubey"> Hrishikesh Dubey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the results of the experimental investigations carried out on two intricate plan shaped buildings to evaluate aerodynamic performance of the building. The purpose is to study the associated environment arising due to wind forces in isolated and interference conditions on a model of scale 1:300 with a prototype having 180m height. Experimental tests were carried out at the boundary layer wind tunnel considering isolated conditions with 0° to 180° isolated wind directions and four interference conditions of twin building (separately for both the models). The research has been undertaken in Terrain Category-II, which is the most widely available terrain in India. A comparative assessment of the two models is performed out in an attempt to comprehend the various consequences of diverse conditions that may emerge in real-life situations, as well as the discrepancies amongst them. Experimental results of wind pressure coefficients of Model-1 and Model-2 shows good agreement with various wind incidence conditions with minute difference in the magnitudes of mean Cp. On the basis of wind tunnel studies, it is distinguished that the performance of Model-2 is better than Model-1in both isolated as well as interference conditions for all wind incidences and orientations respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interference%20factor" title="interference factor">interference factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tall%20buildings" title=" tall buildings"> tall buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20direction" title=" wind direction"> wind direction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean%20pressure-coefficients" title=" mean pressure-coefficients"> mean pressure-coefficients</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148107/wind-interference-effects-on-various-plan-shape-buildings-under-wind-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148107.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27933</span> Development of Map of Gridded Basin Flash Flood Potential Index: GBFFPI Map of QuangNam, QuangNgai, DaNang, Hue Provinces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Le%20Xuan%20Cau">Le Xuan Cau</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Flash flood is occurred in short time rainfall interval: from 1 hour to 12 hours in small and medium basins. Flash floods typically have two characteristics: large water flow and big flow velocity. Flash flood is occurred at hill valley site (strip of lowland of terrain) in a catchment with large enough distribution area, steep basin slope, and heavy rainfall. The risk of flash floods is determined through Gridded Basin Flash Flood Potential Index (GBFFPI). Flash Flood Potential Index (FFPI) is determined through terrain slope flash flood index, soil erosion flash flood index, land cover flash floods index, land use flash flood index, rainfall flash flood index. Determining GBFFPI, each cell in a map can be considered as outlet of a water accumulation basin. GBFFPI of the cell is determined as basin average value of FFPI of the corresponding water accumulation basin. Based on GIS, a tool is developed to compute GBFFPI using ArcObjects SDK for .NET. The maps of GBFFPI are built in two types: GBFFPI including rainfall flash flood index (real time flash flood warning) or GBFFPI excluding rainfall flash flood index. GBFFPI Tool can be used to determine a high flash flood potential site in a large region as quick as possible. The GBFFPI is improved from conventional FFPI. The advantage of GBFFPI is that GBFFPI is taking into account the basin response (interaction of cells) and determines more true flash flood site (strip of lowland of terrain) while conventional FFPI is taking into account single cell and does not consider the interaction between cells. The GBFFPI Map of QuangNam, QuangNgai, DaNang, Hue is built and exported to Google Earth. The obtained map proves scientific basis of GBFFPI. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ArcObjects%20SDK%20for%20NET" title="ArcObjects SDK for NET">ArcObjects SDK for NET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basin%20average%20value%20of%20FFPI" title=" basin average value of FFPI"> basin average value of FFPI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gridded%20basin%20flash%20flood%20potential%20index" title=" gridded basin flash flood potential index"> gridded basin flash flood potential index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GBFFPI%20map" title=" GBFFPI map"> GBFFPI map</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40881/development-of-map-of-gridded-basin-flash-flood-potential-index-gbffpi-map-of-quangnam-quangngai-danang-hue-provinces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27932</span> Topography Effects on Wind Turbines Wake Flow </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Daaou%20Nedjari">H. Daaou Nedjari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Guerri"> O. Guerri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Saighi"> M. Saighi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A numerical study was conducted to optimize the positioning of wind turbines over complex terrains. Thus, a two-dimensional disk model was used to calculate the flow velocity deficit in wind farms for both flat and complex configurations. The wind turbine wake was assessed using the hybrid methods that combine CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) with the actuator disc model. The wind turbine rotor has been defined with a thrust force, coupled with the Navier-Stokes equations that were resolved by an open source computational code (Code_Saturne V3.0 developed by EDF) The simulations were conducted in atmospheric boundary layer condition considering a two-dimensional region located at the north of Algeria at 36.74°N longitude, 02.97°E latitude. The topography elevation values were collected according to a longitudinal direction of 1km downwind. The wind turbine sited over topography was simulated for different elevation variations. The main of this study is to determine the topography effect on the behavior of wind farm wake flow. For this, the wake model applied in complex terrain needs to selects the singularity effects of topography on the vertical wind flow without rotor disc first. This step allows to determine the existence of mixing scales and friction forces zone near the ground. So, according to the ground relief the wind flow waS disturbed by turbulence and a significant speed variation. Thus, the singularities of the velocity field were thoroughly collected and thrust coefficient Ct was calculated using the specific speed. In addition, to evaluate the land effect on the wake shape, the flow field was also simulated considering different rotor hub heights. Indeed, the distance between the ground and the hub height of turbine (Hhub) was tested in a flat terrain for different locations as Hhub=1.125D, Hhub = 1.5D and Hhub=2D (D is rotor diameter) considering a roughness value of z0=0.01m. This study has demonstrated that topographical farm induce a significant effect on wind turbines wakes, compared to that on flat terrain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine%20wake" title=" wind turbine wake"> wind turbine wake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=k-epsilon%20model" title=" k-epsilon model"> k-epsilon model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulence" title=" turbulence"> turbulence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20topography" title=" complex topography"> complex topography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29700/topography-effects-on-wind-turbines-wake-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29700.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">563</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27931</span> Dissatisfaction as a Cause of Social Uprisings: An Empirical Analysis Utilizing the Social Uprisings Composite Indicator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sondos%20Shaheen">Sondos Shaheen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper employs a newly constructed composite indicator of social uprisings (SUCI) to analyze the causes of their occurrence. This empirical study is based on an unbalanced panel of 45 countries over the period of 1982–2007. The paper’s contribution to the literature is distinguishing between the causes of violent and nonviolent uprisings. The analysis shows that that certain variables have a significant impact on both violent and nonviolent uprisings in terms of relative SUCI values, for example, ethnic fractionalization and mountainous terrain. Nevertheless, differences between the causes of violent and nonviolent uprisings can be found. For example, life dissatisfaction is related to nonviolent social uprisings, but when life dissatisfaction is accompanied by democratic dissatisfaction, violent social uprisings are more likely. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20uprisings" title="social uprisings">social uprisings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20deprivation" title=" relative deprivation"> relative deprivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissatisfaction" title=" dissatisfaction"> dissatisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobilization" title=" mobilization"> mobilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-government%20movements" title=" anti-government movements"> anti-government movements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causes" title=" causes"> causes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61723/dissatisfaction-as-a-cause-of-social-uprisings-an-empirical-analysis-utilizing-the-social-uprisings-composite-indicator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27930</span> Determination of Slope of Hilly Terrain by Using Proposed Method of Resolution of Forces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reshma%20Raskar-Phule">Reshma Raskar-Phule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makarand%20Landge"> Makarand Landge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saurabh%20Singh"> Saurabh Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijay%20Singh"> Vijay Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jash%20Saparia"> Jash Saparia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivam%20Tripathi"> Shivam Tripathi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For any construction project, slope calculations are necessary in order to evaluate constructability on the site, such as the slope of parking lots, sidewalks, and ramps, the slope of sanitary sewer lines, slope of roads and highways. When slopes and grades are to be determined, designers are concerned with establishing proper slopes and grades for their projects to assess cut and fill volume calculations and determine inverts of pipes. There are several established instruments commonly used to determine slopes, such as Dumpy level, Abney level or Hand Level, Inclinometer, Tacheometer, Henry method, etc., and surveyors are very familiar with the use of these instruments to calculate slopes. However, they have some other drawbacks which cannot be neglected while major surveying works. Firstly, it requires expert surveyors and skilled staff. The accessibility, visibility, and accommodation to remote hilly terrain with these instruments and surveying teams are difficult. Also, determination of gentle slopes in case of road and sewer drainage constructions in congested urban places with these instruments is not easy. This paper aims to develop a method that requires minimum field work, minimum instruments, no high-end technology or instruments or software, and low cost. It requires basic and handy surveying accessories like a plane table with a fixed weighing machine, standard weights, alidade, tripod, and ranging rods should be able to determine the terrain slope in congested areas as well as in remote hilly terrain. Also, being simple and easy to understand and perform the people of that local rural area can be easily trained for the proposed method. The idea for the proposed method is based on the principle of resolution of weight components. When any object of standard weight ‘W’ is placed on an inclined surface with a weighing machine below it, then its cosine component of weight is presently measured by that weighing machine. The slope can be determined from the relation between the true or actual weight and the apparent weight. A proper procedure is to be followed, which includes site location, centering and sighting work, fixing the whole set at the identified station, and finally taking the readings. A set of experiments for slope determination, mild and moderate slopes, are carried out by the proposed method and by the theodolite instrument in a controlled environment, on the college campus, and uncontrolled environment actual site. The slopes determined by the proposed method were compared with those determined by the established instruments. For example, it was observed that for the same distances for mild slope, the difference in the slope obtained by the proposed method and by the established method ranges from 4’ for a distance of 8m to 2o15’20” for a distance of 16m for an uncontrolled environment. Thus, for mild slopes, the proposed method is suitable for a distance of 8m to 10m. The correlation between the proposed method and the established method shows a good correlation of 0.91 to 0.99 for various combinations, mild and moderate slope, with the controlled and uncontrolled environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surveying" title="surveying">surveying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plane%20table" title=" plane table"> plane table</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weight%20component" title=" weight component"> weight component</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20determination" title=" slope determination"> slope determination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hilly%20terrain" title=" hilly terrain"> hilly terrain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction" title=" construction"> construction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152608/determination-of-slope-of-hilly-terrain-by-using-proposed-method-of-resolution-of-forces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152608.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27929</span> Geopotential Models Evaluation in Algeria Using Stochastic Method, GPS/Leveling and Topographic Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Meslem">M. A. Meslem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For precise geoid determination, we use a reference field to subtract long and medium wavelength of the gravity field from observations data when we use the remove-compute-restore technique. Therefore, a comparison study between considered models should be made in order to select the optimal reference gravity field to be used. In this context, two recent global geopotential models have been selected to perform this comparison study over Northern Algeria. The Earth Gravitational Model (EGM2008) and the Global Gravity Model (GECO) conceived with a combination of the first model with anomalous potential derived from a GOCE satellite-only global model. Free air gravity anomalies in the area under study have been used to compute residual data using both gravity field models and a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) to subtract the residual terrain effect from the gravity observations. Residual data were used to generate local empirical covariance functions and their fitting to the closed form in order to compare their statistical behaviors according to both cases. Finally, height anomalies were computed from both geopotential models and compared to a set of GPS levelled points on benchmarks using least squares adjustment. The result described in details in this paper regarding these two models has pointed out a slight advantage of GECO global model globally through error degree variances comparison and ground-truth evaluation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasigeoid" title="quasigeoid">quasigeoid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity%20aomalies" title=" gravity aomalies"> gravity aomalies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=covariance" title=" covariance"> covariance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GGM" title=" GGM"> GGM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86983/geopotential-models-evaluation-in-algeria-using-stochastic-method-gpsleveling-and-topographic-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27928</span> Geographical Information System-Based Approach for Vertical Takeoff and Landing Takeoff and Landing Site Selection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chamnan%20Kumsap">Chamnan Kumsap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somsarit%20Sinnung"> Somsarit Sinnung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suriyawate%20Boonthalarath"> Suriyawate Boonthalarath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teeranai%20Srithamarong"> Teeranai Srithamarong </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper addresses the GIS analysis approach to the investigation of suitable sites for a vertical takeoff and landing drone. The study manipulated GIS and terrain layers into a proper input before the spatial analysis that included slope, reclassify, classify, and buffer was applied to the individual layers. The output layers were weighted, and multi-criteria analyzed before those patches failing to comply with filtering out criteria were discarded. Field survey for each suitable candidate site was conducted to cross-check the proposed approach with the real world. Conclusion was extracted for the VTOL takeoff and landing sites, and discussion was provided with further study being suggested on the mission simulation of selected takeoff and landing sites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS%20approach" title="GIS approach">GIS approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=site%20selection" title=" site selection"> site selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VTOL" title=" VTOL"> VTOL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=takeoff%20and%20landing" title=" takeoff and landing "> takeoff and landing </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126846/geographical-information-system-based-approach-for-vertical-takeoff-and-landing-takeoff-and-landing-site-selection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126846.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27927</span> A Generalized Model for Performance Analysis of Airborne Radar in Clutter Scenario</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinod%20Kumar%20Jaysaval">Vinod Kumar Jaysaval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prateek%20Agarwal"> Prateek Agarwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Performance prediction of airborne radar is a challenging and cumbersome task in clutter scenario for different types of targets. A generalized model requires to predict the performance of Radar for air targets as well as ground moving targets. In this paper, we propose a generalized model to bring out the performance of airborne radar for different Pulsed Repetition Frequency (PRF) as well as different type of targets. The model provides a platform to bring out different subsystem parameters for different applications and performance requirements under different types of clutter terrain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airborne%20radar" title="airborne radar">airborne radar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blind%20zone" title=" blind zone"> blind zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clutter" title=" clutter"> clutter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability%20of%20detection" title=" probability of detection"> probability of detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13998/a-generalized-model-for-performance-analysis-of-airborne-radar-in-clutter-scenario" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27926</span> Vehicle Maneuverability on Horizontal Curves on Hilly Terrain: A Study on Shillong Highway</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surendra%20Choudhary">Surendra Choudhary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sapan%20Tiwari"> Sapan Tiwari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The driver has two fundamental duties i) controlling the position of the vehicle along the longitudinal and lateral direction of movement ii) roadway width. Both of these duties are interdependent and are concurrently referred to as two-dimensional driver behavior. One of the main problems facing driver behavior modeling is to identify the parameters for describing the exemplary driving conduct and car maneuver under distinct traffic circumstances. Still, to date, there is no well-accepted theory that can comprehensively model the 2-D driver conduct (longitudinal and lateral). The primary objective of this research is to explore the vehicle's lateral longitudinal behavior in the heterogeneous condition of traffic on horizontal curves as well as the effect of road geometry on dynamic traffic parameters, i.e., car velocity and lateral placement. In this research, with their interrelationship, a thorough assessment of dynamic car parameters, i.e., speed, lateral acceleration, and turn radius. Also, horizontal curve road parameters, i.e., curvature radius, pavement friction, are performed. The dynamic parameters of the various types of car drivers are gathered using a VBOX GPS-based tool with high precision. The connection between dynamic car parameters and curve geometry is created after the removal of noise from the GPS trajectories. The major findings of the research are that car maneuvers with higher than the design limits of speed, acceleration, and lateral deviation on the studied curves of the highway. It can become lethal if the weather changes from dry to wet. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometry" title="geometry">geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maneuverability" title=" maneuverability"> maneuverability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrain" title=" terrain"> terrain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trajectory" title=" trajectory"> trajectory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VBOX" title=" VBOX"> VBOX</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111906/vehicle-maneuverability-on-horizontal-curves-on-hilly-terrain-a-study-on-shillong-highway" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27925</span> A Research Review of Cycling Suitability Assessment for Mountainous Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaofeng%20Fu">Xiaofeng Fu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper begins with the deconstruction of the localization of China's bicycle renaissance. Then think about how to scientifically plan bicycle traffic in a sustainable way in typed cities, especially in mountainous cities, because they need to respond to more serious geographical issues. Therefore, by sorting out the international research on bicycle traffic in mountainous cities, bike-ability is summarized as a prevalent qualitative analysis medium. Then this paper lists the influencing factors of likeability, the general research framework, and responds to the common problem of mountain cities, that is, the treatment of road longitudinal slopes, to assist urban managers in assessing whether the city's complex terrain is suitable for cycling and identifying possible improvements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20planning" title="traffic planning">traffic planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bikeability" title=" bikeability"> bikeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cycling%20suitability" title=" cycling suitability"> cycling suitability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mountainous%20cities" title=" mountainous cities"> mountainous cities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167642/a-research-review-of-cycling-suitability-assessment-for-mountainous-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27924</span> Strategies for the Optimization of Ground Resistance in Large Scale Foundations for Optimum Lightning Protection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oibar%20Martinez">Oibar Martinez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clara%20Oliver"> Clara Oliver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20Miguel%20Miranda"> Jose Miguel Miranda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we discuss the standard improvements which can be made to reduce the earth resistance in difficult terrains for optimum lightning protection, what are the practical limitations, and how the modeling can be refined for accurate diagnostics and ground resistance minimization. Ground resistance minimization can be made via three different approaches: burying vertical electrodes connected in parallel, burying horizontal conductive plates or meshes, or modifying the own terrain, either by changing the entire terrain material in a large volume or by adding earth-enhancing compounds. The use of vertical electrodes connected in parallel pose several practical limitations. In order to prevent loss of effectiveness, it is necessary to keep a minimum distance between each electrode, which is typically around five times larger than the electrode length. Otherwise, the overlapping of the local equipotential lines around each electrode reduces the efficiency of the configuration. The addition of parallel electrodes reduces the resistance and facilitates the measurement, but the basic parallel resistor formula of circuit theory will always underestimate the final resistance. Numerical simulation of equipotential lines around the electrodes overcomes this limitation. The resistance of a single electrode will always be proportional to the soil resistivity. The electrodes are usually installed with a backfilling material of high conductivity, which increases the effective diameter. However, the improvement is marginal, since the electrode diameter counts in the estimation of the ground resistance via a logarithmic function. Substances that are used for efficient chemical treatment must be environmentally friendly and must feature stability, high hygroscopicity, low corrosivity, and high electrical conductivity. A number of earth enhancement materials are commercially available. Many are comprised of carbon-based materials or clays like bentonite. These materials can also be used as backfilling materials to reduce the resistance of an electrode. Chemical treatment of soil has environmental issues. Some products contain copper sulfate or other copper-based compounds, which may not be environmentally friendly. Carbon-based compounds are relatively inexpensive and they do have very low resistivities, but they also feature corrosion issues. Typically, the carbon can corrode and destroy a copper electrode in around five years. These compounds also have potential environmental concerns. Some earthing enhancement materials contain cement, which, after installation acquire properties that are very close to concrete. This prevents the earthing enhancement material from leaching into the soil. After analyzing different configurations, we conclude that a buried conductive ring with vertical electrodes connected periodically should be the optimum baseline solution for the grounding of a large size structure installed on a large resistivity terrain. In order to show this, a practical example is explained here where we simulate the ground resistance of a conductive ring buried in a terrain with a resistivity in the range of 1 kOhm·m. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grounding%20improvements" title="grounding improvements">grounding improvements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20scale%20scientific%20instrument" title=" large scale scientific instrument"> large scale scientific instrument</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightning%20risk%20assessment" title=" lightning risk assessment"> lightning risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightning%20standards" title=" lightning standards"> lightning standards</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109485/strategies-for-the-optimization-of-ground-resistance-in-large-scale-foundations-for-optimum-lightning-protection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109485.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27923</span> Land Art in Public Spaces Design: Remediation, Prevention of Environmental Risks and Recycling as a Consequence of the Avant-Garde Activity of Landscape Architecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karolina%20Porada">Karolina Porada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the last 40 years, there has been a trend in landscape architecture which supporters do not perceive the role of pro-ecological or postmodern solutions in the design of public green spaces as an essential goal, shifting their attention to the 'sculptural' shaping of areas with the use of slopes, hills, embankments, and other forms of terrain. This group of designers can be considered avant-garde, which in its activities refers to land art. Initial research shows that such applications are particularly frequent in places of former post-industrial sites and landfills, utilizing materials such as debris and post-mining waste in their construction. Due to the high degradation of the environment surrounding modern man, the brownfields are a challenge and a field of interest for the representatives of landscape architecture avant-garde, who through their projects try to recover lost lands by means of transformations supported by engineering and ecological knowledge to create places where nature can develop again. The analysis of a dozen or so facilities made it possible to come up with an important conclusion: apart from the cultural aspects (including artistic activities), the green areas formally referring to the land are important in the process of remediation of post-industrial sites and waste recycling (e. g. from construction sites). In these processes, there is also a potential for applying the concept of Natural Based Solutions, i.e. solutions allowing for the natural development of the site in such a way as to use it to cope with environmental problems, such as e.g.  air pollution, soil phytoremediation and climate change. The paper presents examples of modern parks, whose compositions are based on shaping the surface of the terrain in a way referring to the land art, at the same time providing an example of brownfields reuse and application of waste recycling.  For the purposes of object analysis, research methods such as historical-interpretation studies, case studies, qualitative research or the method of logical argumentation were used. The obtained results provide information about the role that landscape architecture can have in the process of remediation of degraded areas, at the same time guaranteeing the benefits, such as the shaping of landscapes attractive in terms of visual appearance, low costs of implementation, and improvement of the natural environment quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brownfields" title="brownfields">brownfields</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contemporary%20parks" title=" contemporary parks"> contemporary parks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20architecture" title=" landscape architecture"> landscape architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remediation" title=" remediation"> remediation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86986/land-art-in-public-spaces-design-remediation-prevention-of-environmental-risks-and-recycling-as-a-consequence-of-the-avant-garde-activity-of-landscape-architecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86986.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27922</span> Path-Tracking Controller for Tracked Mobile Robot on Rough Terrain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshifumi%20Hiramatsu">Toshifumi Hiramatsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satoshi%20Morita"> Satoshi Morita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manuel%20Pencelli"> Manuel Pencelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marta%20Niccolini"> Marta Niccolini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matteo%20Ragaglia"> Matteo Ragaglia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alfredo%20Argiolas"> Alfredo Argiolas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Automation technologies for agriculture field are needed to promote labor-saving. One of the most relevant problems in automated agriculture is represented by controlling the robot along a predetermined path in presence of rough terrain or incline ground. Unfortunately, disturbances originating from interaction with the ground, such as slipping, make it quite difficult to achieve the required accuracy. In general, it is required to move within 5-10 cm accuracy with respect to the predetermined path. Moreover, lateral velocity caused by gravity on the incline field also affects slipping. In this paper, a path-tracking controller for tracked mobile robots moving on rough terrains of incline field such as vineyard is presented. The controller is composed of a disturbance observer and an adaptive controller based on the kinematic model of the robot. The disturbance observer measures the difference between the measured and the reference yaw rate and linear velocity in order to estimate slip. Then, the adaptive controller adapts “virtual” parameter of the kinematics model: Instantaneous Centers of Rotation (ICRs). Finally, target angular velocity reference is computed according to the adapted parameter. This solution allows estimating the effects of slip without making the model too complex. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed solution is tested in a simulation environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20agricultural%20robot" title="the agricultural robot">the agricultural robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20control" title=" autonomous control"> autonomous control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=path-tracking%20control" title=" path-tracking control"> path-tracking control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracked%20mobile%20robot" title=" tracked mobile robot"> tracked mobile robot</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98362/path-tracking-controller-for-tracked-mobile-robot-on-rough-terrain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27921</span> Spatial Analysis for Wind Risk Index Assessment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ljiljana%20Seric">Ljiljana Seric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Divic"> Vladimir Divic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marin%20Bugaric"> Marin Bugaric</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents methodology for spatial analysis of GIS data that is used for assessing the microlocation risk index from potential damages of high winds. The analysis is performed on freely available GIS data comprising information about wind load, terrain cover and topography of the area. The methodology utilizes the legislation of Eurocode norms for determination of wind load of buildings and constructions. The core of the methodology is adoption of the wind load parameters related to location on geographical spatial grid. Presented work is a part of the Wind Risk Project, supported by the European Commission under the Civil Protection Financial Instrument of the European Union (ECHO). The partners involved in Wind Risk project performed Wind Risk assessment and proposed action plan for three European countries – Slovenia, Croatia and Germany. The proposed method is implemented in GRASS GIS open source GIS software and demonstrated for Case study area of wider area of Split, Croatia. Obtained Wind Risk Index is visualized and correlated with critical infrastructures like buildings, roads and power lines. The results show good correlation between high Wind Risk Index with recent incidents related to wind. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eurocode%20norms" title="Eurocode norms">Eurocode norms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20analysis" title=" spatial analysis"> spatial analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20distribution" title=" wind distribution"> wind distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20risk" title=" wind risk"> wind risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84746/spatial-analysis-for-wind-risk-index-assessment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84746.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27920</span> Modeling and Analysis of a Cycling Prosthetic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Tolentino">John Tolentino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong%20Seok%20Park"> Yong Seok Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are currently many people living with limb loss in the USA. The main causes for amputation can range from vascular disease, to trauma, or cancer. This number is expected increase over the next decade. Many patients have a single prosthetic for the first year but end up getting a second one to accommodate their changing physique. Afterwards, the prosthesis gets replaced every three to five years depending on how often it is used. This could cost the patient up to $500,000 throughout their lifetime. Complications do not end there, however. Due to the absence of nerves, it becomes more difficult to traverse terrain with a prosthetic. Moving on an incline or decline becomes difficult, thus curbs and stairs can be a challenge. Certain physical activities, such as cycling, could be even more strenuous. It will need to be relearned to accommodate for the change in weight, center of gravity, and transfer of energy from the leg to the pedal. The purpose of this research project is to develop a new, alternate below-knee cycling prosthetic using Dieter & Schmidt’s design process approach. It will be subjected to fatigue analysis under dynamic loading to observe the limitations as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the prosthetic. Benchmark comparisons will be made between existing prosthetics and the proposed one, examining the benefits and disadvantages. The resulting prosthetic will be 3D printed using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or polycarbonate (PC) plastic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20Printing" title="3D Printing">3D Printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cycling" title=" Cycling"> Cycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prosthetic%20design" title=" Prosthetic design"> Prosthetic design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Synthetic%20design." title=" Synthetic design."> Synthetic design.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123679/modeling-and-analysis-of-a-cycling-prosthetic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123679.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27919</span> The Employment of Unmanned Aircraft Systems for Identification and Classification of Helicopter Landing Zones and Airdrop Zones in Calamity Situations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marielcio%20Lacerda">Marielcio Lacerda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angelo%20Paulino"> Angelo Paulino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elcio%20Shiguemori"> Elcio Shiguemori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alvaro%20Damiao"> Alvaro Damiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamartine%20Guimaraes"> Lamartine Guimaraes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Camila%20Anjos"> Camila Anjos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accurate information about the terrain is extremely important in disaster management activities or conflict. This paper proposes the use of the Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) at the identification of Airdrop Zones (AZs) and Helicopter Landing Zones (HLZs). In this paper we consider the AZs the zones where troops or supplies are dropped by parachute, and HLZs areas where victims can be rescued. The use of digital image processing enables the automatic generation of an orthorectified mosaic and an actual Digital Surface Model (DSM). This methodology allows obtaining this fundamental information to the terrain’s comprehension post-disaster in a short amount of time and with good accuracy. In order to get the identification and classification of AZs and HLZs images from DJI drone, model Phantom 4 have been used. The images were obtained with the knowledge and authorization of the responsible sectors and were duly registered in the control agencies. The flight was performed on May 24, 2017, and approximately 1,300 images were obtained during approximately 1 hour of flight. Afterward, new attributes were generated by Feature Extraction (FE) from the original images. The use of multispectral images and complementary attributes generated independently from them increases the accuracy of classification. The attributes of this work include the Declivity Map and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). For the classification four distinct classes were considered: HLZ 1 – small size (18m x 18m); HLZ 2 – medium size (23m x 23m); HLZ 3 – large size (28m x 28m); AZ (100m x 100m). The Decision Tree method Random Forest (RF) was used in this work. RF is a classification method that uses a large collection of de-correlated decision trees. Different random sets of samples are used as sampled objects. The results of classification from each tree and for each object is called a class vote. The resulting classification is decided by a majority of class votes. In this case, we used 200 trees for the execution of RF in the software WEKA 3.8. The classification result was visualized on QGIS Desktop 2.12.3. Through the methodology used, it was possible to classify in the study area: 6 areas as HLZ 1, 6 areas as HLZ 2, 4 areas as HLZ 3; and 2 areas as AZ. It should be noted that an area classified as AZ covers the classifications of the other classes, and may be used as AZ, HLZ of large size (HLZ3), medium size (HLZ2) and small size helicopters (HLZ1). Likewise, an area classified as HLZ for large rotary wing aircraft (HLZ3) covers the smaller area classifications, and so on. It was concluded that images obtained through small UAV are of great use in calamity situations since they can provide data with high accuracy, with low cost, low risk and ease and agility in obtaining aerial photographs. This allows the generation, in a short time, of information about the features of the terrain in order to serve as an important decision support tool. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disaster%20management" title="disaster management">disaster management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unmanned%20aircraft%20systems" title=" unmanned aircraft systems"> unmanned aircraft systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=helicopter%20landing%20zones" title=" helicopter landing zones"> helicopter landing zones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airdrop%20zones" title=" airdrop zones"> airdrop zones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20forest" title=" random forest"> random forest</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91233/the-employment-of-unmanned-aircraft-systems-for-identification-and-classification-of-helicopter-landing-zones-and-airdrop-zones-in-calamity-situations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91233.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27918</span> Modeling of the Effect of Explosives, Geological and Geotechnical Parameters on the Stability of Rock Masses Case of Marrakech: Agadir Highway, Morocco</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taoufik%20Benchelha">Taoufik Benchelha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toufik%20Remmal"> Toufik Remmal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20El%20Hamdouni"> Rachid El Hamdouni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamou%20Mansouri"> Hamou Mansouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Houssein%20Ejjaouani"> Houssein Ejjaouani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halima%20Jounaid"> Halima Jounaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Benchelha"> Said Benchelha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the earthworks for the construction of Marrakech-Agadir highway in southern Morocco, which crosses mountainous areas of the High Western Atlas, the main problem faced is the stability of the slopes. Indeed, the use of explosives as a means of excavation associated with the geological structure of the terrain encountered can trigger major ruptures and cause damage which depends on the intrinsic characteristics of the rock mass. The study consists of a geological and geotechnical analysis of several unstable zones located along the route, mobilizing millions of cubic meters of rock, with deduction of the parameters influencing slope stability. From this analysis, a predictive model for rock mass stability is carried out, based on a statistic method of logistic regression, in order to predict the geomechanical behavior of the rock slopes constrained by earthworks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explosive" title="explosive">explosive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistic%20regression" title=" logistic regression"> logistic regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20mass" title=" rock mass"> rock mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stability" title=" slope stability"> slope stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71665/modeling-of-the-effect-of-explosives-geological-and-geotechnical-parameters-on-the-stability-of-rock-masses-case-of-marrakech-agadir-highway-morocco" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71665.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27917</span> An Experimental (Wind Tunnel) and Numerical (CFD) Study on the Flow over Hills</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanit%20Daniel%20Jodar%20Vecina">Tanit Daniel Jodar Vecina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adriane%20Prisco%20Petry"> Adriane Prisco Petry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The shape of the wind velocity profile changes according to local features of terrain shape and roughness, which are parameters responsible for defining the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) profile. Air flow characteristics over and around landforms, such as hills, are of considerable importance for applications related to Wind Farm and Turbine Engineering. The air flow is accelerated on top of hills, which can represent a decisive factor for Wind Turbine placement choices. The present work focuses on the study of ABL behavior as a function of slope and surface roughness of hill-shaped landforms, using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to build wind velocity and turbulent intensity profiles. Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are closed using the SST k-ω turbulence model; numerical results are compared to experimental data measured in wind tunnel over scale models of the hills under consideration. Eight hill models with slopes varying from 25° to 68° were tested for two types of terrain categories in 2D and 3D, and two analytical codes are used to represent the inlet velocity profiles. Numerical results for the velocity profiles show differences under 4% when compared to their respective experimental data. Turbulent intensity profiles show maximum differences around 7% when compared to experimental data; this can be explained by not being possible to insert inlet turbulent intensity profiles in the simulations. Alternatively, constant values based on the averages of the turbulent intensity at the wind tunnel inlet were used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atmospheric%20Boundary%20Layer" title="Atmospheric Boundary Layer">Atmospheric Boundary Layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Computational%20Fluid%20Dynamic%20%28CFD%29" title=" Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD)"> Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Numerical%20Modeling" title=" Numerical Modeling"> Numerical Modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wind%20Tunnel" title=" Wind Tunnel"> Wind Tunnel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66766/an-experimental-wind-tunnel-and-numerical-cfd-study-on-the-flow-over-hills" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27916</span> Management Effects on Different Sustainable Agricultural with Diverse Topography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kusay%20Wheib">Kusay Wheib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandra%20Krvchenko"> Alexandra Krvchenko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Crop yields are influenced by many factors, including natural ones, such as soil and environmental characteristics of the agricultural land, as well as manmade ones, such as management applications. One of the factors that frequently affect crop yields in undulating Midwest landscapes is topography, which controls the movement of water and nutrients necessary for plant life. The main objective of this study is to examine how field topography influences performance of different management practices in undulated terrain of southwest Michigan. A total of 26 agricultural fields, ranging in size from 1.1 to 7.4 ha, from the Scale-Up at Kellogg Biological Station were included in the study. The two studied factors were crop species with three levels, i.e., corn (Zea mays L.) soybean (Glycine max L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and management practice with three levels, i.e., conventional, low input, and organic managements. They were compared under three contrasting topographical settings, namely, summit (includes summits and shoulders), slope (includes backslopes), and depression (includes footslope and toeslope). Yield data of years 2007 through 2012 was processed, cleaned, and filtered, average yield then was calculated for each field, topographic setting, and year. Topography parameters, including terrain, slope, curvature, flow direction and wetness index were computed under ArcGIS environment for each topographic class of each field to seek their effects on yield. Results showed that topographical depressions produced greatest yields in most studied fields, while managements with chemical inputs, both low input and conventional, resulted in higher yields than the organic management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20agriculture" title="sustainable agriculture">sustainable agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precision%20agriculture" title=" precision agriculture"> precision agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topography" title=" topography"> topography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122226/management-effects-on-different-sustainable-agricultural-with-diverse-topography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122226.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27915</span> Mitigation of Wind Loads on a Building Using Small Wind Turbines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arindam%20Chowdhury">Arindam Chowdhury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andres%20Tremante"> Andres Tremante</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadtaghi%20Moravej"> Mohammadtaghi Moravej</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bodhisatta%20Hajra"> Bodhisatta Hajra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ioannis%20Zisis"> Ioannis Zisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Irwin"> Peter Irwin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Extreme wind events, such as hurricanes, have caused significant damage to buildings, resulting in losses worth millions of dollars. The roof of a building is most vulnerable to wind-induced damage due to the high suctions experienced by the roof in extreme wind conditions. Wind turbines fitted to buildings can help generate energy, but to our knowledge, their application to wind load mitigation is not well known. This paper presents results from an experimental study to assess the effect of small wind turbines (developed and patented by the first and second authors) on the wind loads on a low rise building roof. The tests were carried out for an open terrain at the Wall of Wind (WOW) experimental facility at Florida International University (FIU), Miami, Florida, USA, for three cases – bare roof, roof fitted with wind turbines placed closer to the roof edges, and roof with wind turbines placed away from the roof edges. Results clearly indicate that the presence of the wind turbines reduced the mean and peak pressure coefficients (less suction) on the roof when compared to the bare deck case. Furthermore, the peak pressure coefficients were found to be lower (less suction) when the wind turbines were placed closer to the roof, than away from the roof. Flow visualization studies using smoke and gravel clearly showed that the presence of the turbines disrupted the formation of vortices formed by cornering winds, thereby reducing roof suctions and preventing lift off of roof coverings. This study shows that the wind turbines besides generating wind energy, can be used for mitigating wind induced damage to the building roof. Future research must be directed towards understanding the effect of these wind turbines on other roof geometries (e.g. hip/gable) in different terrain conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20of%20wind" title="wall of wind">wall of wind</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20loads" title=" wind loads"> wind loads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine" title=" wind turbine"> wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building" title=" building"> building</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76245/mitigation-of-wind-loads-on-a-building-using-small-wind-turbines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27914</span> Optimisation of the Hydrometeorological-Hydrometric Network: A Case Study in Greece</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Baltas">E. Baltas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Feloni"> E. Feloni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Bariamis"> G. Bariamis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The operation of a network of hydrometeorological-hydrometric stations is basic infrastructure for the management of water resources, as well as, for flood protection. The assessment of water resources potential led to the necessity of adoption management practices including a multi-criteria analysis for the optimum design of the region’s station network. This research work aims at the optimisation of a new/existing network, using GIS methods. The planning of optimum network stations is based on the guidelines of international organizations such as World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The uniform spatial distribution of the stations, the drainage basin for the hydrometric stations and criteria concerning the low terrain slope, the accessibility to the stations and proximity to hydrological interest sites, were taken into consideration for its development. The abovementioned methodology has been implemented for two different areas the Florina municipality and the Argolis area in Greece, and comparison of the results has been conducted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title="GIS">GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrometeorological" title=" hydrometeorological"> hydrometeorological</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrometric" title=" hydrometric"> hydrometric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network" title=" network"> network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimisation" title=" optimisation"> optimisation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58611/optimisation-of-the-hydrometeorological-hydrometric-network-a-case-study-in-greece" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58611.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrain%20analysis&page=1" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrain%20analysis&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">2</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrain%20analysis&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrain%20analysis&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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