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changes from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_volcanoes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_volcanoes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Types of volcanoes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_of_volcanoes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types of volcanoes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_of_volcanoes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shield_volcanoes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shield_volcanoes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Shield volcanoes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shield_volcanoes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stratovolcanoes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stratovolcanoes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Stratovolcanoes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stratovolcanoes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Caldera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caldera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Caldera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caldera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-How_volcanoes_are_formed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#How_volcanoes_are_formed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>How volcanoes are formed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-How_volcanoes_are_formed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Classification-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Classification subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Active" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Active"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Active</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Active-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dormant_(inactive)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dormant_(inactive)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Dormant (inactive)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dormant_(inactive)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extinct_(dead_volcano)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extinct_(dead_volcano)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Extinct (dead volcano)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extinct_(dead_volcano)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Largest_volcano_on_Earth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Largest_volcano_on_Earth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Largest volcano on Earth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Largest_volcano_on_Earth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Related pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Other websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Volcano</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 196 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-196" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">196 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%8D%D0%B1%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8D" title="Къэбэкъауэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Къэбэкъауэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkaan" title="Vulkaan – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vulkaan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkan" title="Vulkan – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Vulkan" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%88%B3%E1%89%B0_%E1%8C%88%E1%88%9E%E1%88%AB" title="እሳተ ገሞራ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="እሳተ ገሞራ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80" title="ज्वालामुखी – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ज्वालामुखी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C8%B3rbeorg" title="Fȳrbeorg – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Fȳrbeorg" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بركان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بركان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n" title="Volcán – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Volcán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AD" title="Հրաբուխ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հրաբուխ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcanu" title="Vulcanu – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Vulcanu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF" title="আগ্নেয়গিৰি – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আগ্নেয়গিৰি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n" title="Volcán – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Volcán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80" title="ज्वालामुखी – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="ज्वालामुखी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvyrata" title="Yvyrata – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvyrata" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkan" title="Vulkan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vulkan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%BA" title="یانارداغ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یانارداغ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF" title="আগ্নেয়গিরি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আগ্নেয়গিরি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C3%A9-soa%E2%81%BF" title="Hoé-soaⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoé-soaⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_berapi" title="Gunung berapi – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Gunung berapi" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Вулкан – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Вулкан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Вулкан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вулкан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Вулькан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вулькан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80" title="ज्वालामुखी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ज्वालामुखी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulkan" title="Bulkan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bulkan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkeno" title="Volkeno – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Volkeno" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Вулкан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вулкан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuikan" title="Vuikan – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Vuikan" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="མེ་རི། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མེ་རི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkan" title="Vulkan – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vulkan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menez-tan" title="Menez-tan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Menez-tan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Галта уула – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Галта уула" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volc%C3%A0" title="Volcà – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Volcà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8)" title="Вулкан (геологи) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вулкан (геологи)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulkan" title="Bulkan – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bulkan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopka" title="Sopka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sopka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chikwatamabwe" title="Chikwatamabwe – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chikwatamabwe" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanu" title="Volcanu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Volcanu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llosgfynydd" title="Llosgfynydd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llosgfynydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkan" title="Vulkan – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vulkan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="بركان (جيولوجيا) – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بركان (جيولوجيا)" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollav%C3%A1rri" title="Dollavárri – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Dollavárri" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkan" title="Vulkan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vulkan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80" title="ज्वालामुखी – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="ज्वालामुखी" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkaan" title="Vulkaan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vulkaan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ηφαίστειο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ηφαίστειο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Volcano" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n" title="Volcán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Volcán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkano" title="Vulkano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vulkano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumendi" title="Sumendi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sumendi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آتشفشان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آتشفشان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jwala_mukhi" title="Jwala mukhi – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Jwala mukhi" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gosfj%C3%B8ll" title="Gosfjøll – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Gosfjøll" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcan" title="Volcan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Volcan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulkaan" title="Fulkaan – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fulkaan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcan" title="Vulcan – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Vulcan" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolc%C3%A1n" title="Bolcán – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bolcán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcaan" title="Volcaan – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Volcaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beinn-theine" title="Beinn-theine – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Beinn-theine" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n" title="Volcán – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Volcán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="火山 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="火山" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndumb%C4%A9r%C4%A9" title="Ndumbĩrĩ – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Ndumbĩrĩ" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B3%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%96%E0%AB%80" title="જ્વાળામુખી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જ્વાળામુખી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3-s%C3%A2n" title="Fó-sân – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fó-sân" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%82%B0" title="화산 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="화산" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutsen_Volcano" title="Dutsen Volcano – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Dutsen Volcano" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AD" title="Հրաբուխ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հրաբուխ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80" title="ज्वालामुखी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ज्वालामुखी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkan" title="Vulkan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vulkan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkano" title="Volkano – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Volkano" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulkan" title="Bulkan – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Bulkan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_berapi" title="Gunung berapi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gunung berapi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcano" title="Vulcano – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Vulcano" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcan" title="Vulcan – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Vulcan" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C4%A1%C4%A1isuaq" title="Iġġisuaq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Iġġisuaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intaba-mlilo" title="Intaba-mlilo – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Intaba-mlilo" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldst%C3%B6%C3%B0" title="Eldstöð – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Eldstöð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcano" title="Vulcano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vulcano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%A9" title="הר געש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הר געש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_geni" title="Gunung geni – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gunung geni" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%9Bt%C9%9B%C9%9B_mi%C5%8B" title="Tɛtɛɛ miŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tɛtɛɛ miŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaqqaq_innermik_anitsisartut" title="Qaqqaq innermik anitsisartut – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Qaqqaq innermik anitsisartut" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%BF" title="ಜ್ವಾಲಾಮುಖಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜ್ವಾಲಾಮುಖಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ვულკანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვულკანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B9lkan" title="Wùlkan – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Wùlkan" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Жанартау – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жанартау" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibirunga_byu_Rwanda" title="Ibirunga byu Rwanda – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ibirunga byu Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkeno" title="Volkeno – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Volkeno" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B2lkan" title="Vòlkan – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Vòlkan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkan" title="Volkan – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Volkan" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkan" title="Volkan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Volkan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE" title="Жанар тоо – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жанар тоо" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcan" title="Vulcan – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Vulcan" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B9%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%9F" title="ພູເຂົາໄຟ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພູເຂົາໄຟ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mons_ignifer" title="Mons ignifer – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mons ignifer" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulk%C4%81ns" title="Vulkāns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vulkāns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkan" title="Vulkan – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Vulkan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Вулкан (геология) – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Вулкан (геология)" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugnikalnis" title="Ugnikalnis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ugnikalnis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulc%C3%A0n" title="Vulcàn – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Vulcàn" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkaan" title="Vulkaan – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Vulkaan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B3mb%C3%A1-m%C9%94%CC%8Ct%C9%94" title="Ngómbá-mɔ̌tɔ – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Ngómbá-mɔ̌tɔ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulim%C3%A4gi" title="Tulimägi – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Tulimägi" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekipuluko" title="Ekipuluko – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Ekipuluko" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcan" title="Volcan – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Volcan" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%B1zh%C3%A1ny%C3%B3" title="Tűzhányó – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tűzhányó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80" title="ज्वालामुखी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="ज्वालामुखी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Вулкан – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вулкан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkano" title="Volkano – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Volkano" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="അഗ്നിപർവ്വതം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അഗ്നിപർവ്വതം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80" title="ज्वालामुखी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ज्वालामुखी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ვულკანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვულკანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بركان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بركان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4_%D9%81%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%86" title="تش فشون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تش فشون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_berapi" title="Gunung berapi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gunung berapi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunuang_api" title="Gunuang api – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Gunuang api" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulcon" title="Bulcon – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Bulcon" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Вулканць – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Вулканць" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82_%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Галт уул – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Галт уул" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="မီးတောင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မီးတောင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tletepetl" title="Tletepetl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tletepetl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkaan" title="Vulkaan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vulkaan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkaan" title="Vulkaan – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Vulkaan" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80" title="ज्वालामुखी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ज्वालामुखी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="गुँजला – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="गुँजला" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="火山 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="火山" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vurcano" title="Vurcano – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Vurcano" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="ТӀаплам – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ТӀаплам" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wulkaan" title="Wulkaan – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Wulkaan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkan" title="Vulkan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vulkan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkan" title="Vulkan – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vulkan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montangne_d%C3%A9_feu" title="Montangne dé feu – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Montangne dé feu" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcan" title="Volcan – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Volcan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkaana" title="Burkaana – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Burkaana" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulqon" title="Vulqon – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vulqon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%80" title="ਜੁਆਲਾਮੁਖੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੁਆਲਾਮੁਖੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B4_%D9%81%D8%B4%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="آتش فشاں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آتش فشاں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkan" title="Volkan – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Volkan" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="اورشيندی – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اورشيندی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkieno" title="Volkieno – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Volkieno" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%84" title="ភ្នំភ្លើង – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភ្នំភ្លើង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcan" title="Volcan – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Volcan" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkan" title="Vulkan – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Vulkan" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wulkan" title="Wulkan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wulkan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulc%C3%A3o" title="Vulcão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vulcão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkan" title="Vulkan – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Vulkan" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkahn" title="Vulkahn – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Vulkahn" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcan" title="Vulcan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vulcan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcan" title="Vulcan – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Vulcan" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariq" title="Ariq – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ariq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Вулкан – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Вулкан" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Вулкан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вулкан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Булкаан – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Булкаан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%83" title="अग्निपर्वतः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अग्निपर्वतः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B4_%D9%81%D8%B4%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="آتش فشاں – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="آتش فشاں" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcanu" title="Vulcanu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Vulcanu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanae" title="Volcanae – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Volcanae" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vullkani" title="Vullkani – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vullkani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vurcanu_(giolugg%C3%ACa)" title="Vurcanu (gioluggìa) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vurcanu (gioluggìa)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%B3%E0%B7%94" title="ගිනි කඳු – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගිනි කඳු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B4_%D9%81%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آتش فشان – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آتش فشان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopka" title="Sopka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sopka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ognjenik" title="Ognjenik – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ognjenik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkaano" title="Folkaano – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Folkaano" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DA%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="گڕکان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گڕکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Вулкан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вулкан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkan" title="Vulkan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vulkan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulivuori" title="Tulivuori – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tulivuori" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkan" title="Vulkan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vulkan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulkan" title="Bulkan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bulkan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="எரிமலை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எரிமலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Вулкан – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Вулкан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82" title="అగ్నిపర్వతం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అగ్నిపర్వతం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F" title="ภูเขาไฟ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภูเขาไฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Оташфишон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Оташфишон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanarda%C4%9F" title="Yanardağ – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yanardağ" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wulkan" title="Wulkan – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Wulkan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Оттуг даг – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Оттуг даг" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Вулкан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вулкан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B4_%D9%81%D8%B4%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="آتش فشاں – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آتش فشاں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%BA" title="يانار تاغ – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يانار تاغ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcan" title="Volcan – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Volcan" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4moim%C3%A4gi" title="Lämoimägi – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Lämoimägi" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAi_l%E1%BB%ADa" title="Núi lửa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Núi lửa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkan" title="Volkan – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Volkan" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tul%C3%B5m%C3%A4gi" title="Tulõmägi – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tulõmägi" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcan" title="Volcan – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Volcan" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="火山 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="火山" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkoan" title="Vulkoan – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Vulkoan" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulkan" title="Bulkan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bulkan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="火山 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="火山" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9F" title="וואולקאן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וואולקאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="火山 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="火山" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koyo_volkanik" title="Koyo volkanik – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Koyo volkanik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogn%C4%97kalnis" title="Ognėkalnis – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ognėkalnis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="火山 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="火山" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BB%8Dlikano" title="Vọlikano – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Vọlikano" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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width="250" height="371" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Mount_St._Helens_erupting_blue.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mount_St._Helens" title="Mount St. Helens">Mount St. Helens</a> erupting on May 18, 1980</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petropavlovsk_Kamcatskij_Volcan_Koriacky_in_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Petropavlovsk_Kamcatskij_Volcan_Koriacky_in_background.jpg/250px-Petropavlovsk_Kamcatskij_Volcan_Koriacky_in_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Petropavlovsk_Kamcatskij_Volcan_Koriacky_in_background.jpg/375px-Petropavlovsk_Kamcatskij_Volcan_Koriacky_in_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Petropavlovsk_Kamcatskij_Volcan_Koriacky_in_background.jpg/500px-Petropavlovsk_Kamcatskij_Volcan_Koriacky_in_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2015" data-file-height="1511" /></a><figcaption>Koryaksky volcano on the <a href="/wiki/Kamchatka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamchatka">Kamchatka</a> <a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">peninsula</a>, eastern <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>volcano</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain">mountain</a> that has <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lava</a> (hot, liquid rock) coming out from a <a href="/wiki/Magma" title="Magma">magma</a> chamber under the ground, or did have in the past. Volcanoes<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are formed by the movement of <a href="/wiki/Tectonic_plates" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectonic plates">tectonic plates</a>. </p><p>The Earth's crust has 17 major, rigid <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">tectonic plates</a>. These float on a hotter, softer layer in its <a href="/wiki/Mantle_(geology)" title="Mantle (geology)">mantle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volcanoes are often found where tectonic plates are <a href="/wiki/Convergent_boundary" title="Convergent boundary">coming together</a>. </p><p>Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the crust's plates, e.g., in the <a href="/wiki/East_African_Rift" class="mw-redirect" title="East African Rift">East African Rift</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Foulger_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foulger-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volcanoes are usually not found where two tectonic plates slide past one another. </p><p>Volcanism away from plate boundaries is caused by <a href="/wiki/Mantle_plume" class="mw-redirect" title="Mantle plume">mantle plumes</a>. These so-called "<a href="/wiki/Hotspot_(geology)" title="Hotspot (geology)">hotspots</a>", for example <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, are thought to arise from upwelling magma from the <a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_Earth" title="Structure of the Earth">core–mantle boundary</a>, 3,000 km deep in the Earth. </p><p>Most volcanoes have a <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater" title="Volcanic crater">volcanic crater</a> at the top. When a volcano is <a href="/wiki/Active_volcano" class="mw-redirect" title="Active volcano">active</a>, materials come out of it. The materials include lava, <a href="/wiki/Steam" title="Steam">steam</a>, gaseous <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_compounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfur compounds">sulfur compounds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic ash">ash</a> and broken <a href="/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology)">rock</a> pieces. </p><p>When there is enough pressure, the volcano erupts. Some <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_eruption" title="Volcanic eruption">volcanic eruptions</a> blow off the top of the volcano. Sometimes, the magma comes out quickly and sometimes it comes slowly. Some eruptions come out at a side instead of the top. </p><p>Volcanoes are found on planets other than <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>. An example is <a href="/wiki/Olympus_Mons" title="Olympus Mons">Olympus Mons</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mars_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars (planet)">Mars</a>. </p><p>Volcanologists are scientists who study volcanoes using methods from geology, chemistry, geography, mineralogy, physics and sociology. </p><p>The world's biggest volcano is named <a href="/wiki/Mauna_Loa" title="Mauna Loa">Mauna Loa</a> in Hawaii. Mauna Loa is part of the five volcanoes on Hawaii's 'Big Island'. The most recent time this volcano erupted was in 1984. It erupted 33 times in the last 170 years. Like all the other Hawaiian volcanoes, Mauna Loa was created by the movement of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_tectonic_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific tectonic plate">Pacific tectonic plate</a> which moved over the Hawaii <a href="/wiki/Hotspot_(geology)" title="Hotspot (geology)">hotspot</a> in the Earth's mantle. Mauna Loa is 4,196 meters tall. It is a <a href="/wiki/Shield_volcano" title="Shield volcano">shield volcano</a>. The largest recent eruption from Mauna Loa left a lava trail 51 kilometres (32 miles) long. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_volcanoes">Types of volcanoes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Types of volcanoes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Types of volcanoes"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lava</a> and pyroclastic <a href="/wiki/Material" title="Material">material</a> (clouds of ash, lava fragments and vapor) that comes out from volcanoes can make many different kinds of land shapes. There are two basic kinds of volcanoes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shield_volcanoes">Shield volcanoes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Shield volcanoes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Shield volcanoes"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These volcanoes are formed by fluid low-<a href="/wiki/Silica" class="mw-redirect" title="Silica">silica</a> <a href="/wiki/Mafic" title="Mafic">mafic</a> lava. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Shield_volcano" title="Shield volcano">Shield volcanoes</a> are built out of layers of <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lava</a> from continual eruptions (without explosions). Because the lava is so fluid, it spreads out, often over a wide area. Shield volcanoes do not grow to a great height, and the layers of lava spread out to give the volcano gently <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/slope" class="extiw" title="wikt:slope">sloping sides</a>. Shield volcanoes can produce huge areas of <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a>, which is usually what lava is when cooled. </p><p>The base of the volcano increases in size over successive eruptions where solidified lava spreads out and accumulates. Some of the world's largest volcanoes are shield volcanoes. </p><p>Even though their sides are not very <i>steep</i>, shield volcanoes can be huge. <a href="/wiki/Mauna_Kea" title="Mauna Kea">Mauna Kea</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> is the biggest mountain on Earth if it is measured from its base on the floor of the sea.<sup id="cite_ref-camilla_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camilla-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stratovolcanoes">Stratovolcanoes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Stratovolcanoes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Stratovolcanoes"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kodaki_fuji_frm_shojinko_refurb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kodaki_fuji_frm_shojinko_refurb.jpg/220px-Kodaki_fuji_frm_shojinko_refurb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kodaki_fuji_frm_shojinko_refurb.jpg/330px-Kodaki_fuji_frm_shojinko_refurb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kodaki_fuji_frm_shojinko_refurb.jpg/440px-Kodaki_fuji_frm_shojinko_refurb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2677" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mount_Fuji" title="Mount Fuji">Mount Fuji</a>, an active stratovolcano in Japan that last erupted in 1707–08</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tavurvur_volcano_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Tavurvur_volcano_edit.jpg/220px-Tavurvur_volcano_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Tavurvur_volcano_edit.jpg/330px-Tavurvur_volcano_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Tavurvur_volcano_edit.jpg/440px-Tavurvur_volcano_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3844" data-file-height="2544" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tavurvur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tavurvur (not yet started)">Tavurvur</a>, an active stratovolcano near <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabaul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabaul (not yet started)">Rabaul</a> in <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Stratovolcano" title="Stratovolcano">stratovolcano</a>, also known as a <b>composite volcano</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a tall, <a href="/wiki/Cone" title="Cone">conical</a> volcano. It is built up of many layers of hardened <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tephra" title="Tephra">tephra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pumice" title="Pumice">pumice</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic ash">volcanic ash</a>. </p><p>Unlike shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes have a steep profile and periodic eruptions. The lava that flows from stratovolcanoes cools and hardens before spreading far. It is sticky, that is, it has high <a href="/wiki/Viscosity" title="Viscosity">viscosity</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Magma" title="Magma">magma</a> forming this <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lava</a> is often <a href="/wiki/Felsic" title="Felsic">felsic</a>, with high-to-intermediate levels of <a href="/wiki/Silica" class="mw-redirect" title="Silica">silica</a>, and less <a href="/wiki/Mafic" title="Mafic">mafic</a> magma. Big felsic lava flows are uncommon, but have travelled as far as 15 km (9.3 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-camilla_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camilla-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two famous stratovolcanoes are <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mount_Fuji" title="Mount Fuji">Mount Fuji</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vesuvius" class="mw-redirect" title="Vesuvius">Vesuvius</a>. Both have big bases and steep sides that get steeper and steeper as it goes near the top. Vesuvius is famous for its destruction of the towns <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a> in 79 AD, killing thousands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Caldera">Caldera</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Caldera" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Caldera"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671799">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera">Caldera</a></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera">caldera</a> is a basin-like feature formed by collapse of land after a volcanic eruption. This happens after a huge stratovolcano blows its top off. The base of the crater then sinks, leaving a caldera where the top of the volcano was before. <a href="/wiki/Krakatoa" title="Krakatoa">Krakatoa</a>, best known for its catastrophic eruption in 1883, is much smaller now.<sup id="cite_ref-camilla_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camilla-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="How_volcanoes_are_formed">How volcanoes are formed</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: How volcanoes are formed" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: How volcanoes are formed"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Volcano_scheme.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Volcano_scheme.svg/220px-Volcano_scheme.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Volcano_scheme.svg/330px-Volcano_scheme.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Volcano_scheme.svg/440px-Volcano_scheme.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1099" data-file-height="1149" /></a><figcaption>Parts of a volcano:<br /> 1. Large magma chamber<br />2. Bedrock<br />3. Conduit (pipe)<br />4. Base<br />5. Sill<br />6. Branch pipe<br />7. Layers of ash emitted by the volcano<br />8. Flank <br />9. Layers of lava emitted by the volcano<br />10. Throat<br />11. Parasitic cone<br />12. Lava flow<br />13. Vent<br />14. Crater<br />15. Ash cloud</figcaption></figure> <p>There are two main processes. </p><p>Volcanoes are made when two <a href="/wiki/Tectonic_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectonic plate">tectonic plates</a> come together. When these two plates meet, one of them (usually the oceanic plate) goes under the continental plate. This is the process of <a href="/wiki/Subduction" title="Subduction">subduction</a>. Afterwards, it melts and makes <a href="/wiki/Magma" title="Magma">magma</a> (inside the magma chamber), and the <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a> builds up until the magma bursts through the <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_crust" title="Earth's crust">Earth's crust</a>. </p><p>The second way is when a tectonic plate moves over a <a href="/wiki/Hotspot_(geology)" title="Hotspot (geology)">hot spot</a> in the Earth's crust. The hot spot works its way through the crust until it breaks through. The <a href="/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera">caldera</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellowstone Park">Yellowstone Park</a> was formed in that way; so were the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Hawaiian Islands</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Classification" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Classification"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Braun_%26_Hogenberg_%27Castrum_Puellarum%27_(Edinburgh_Castle)_c.1581.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Braun_%26_Hogenberg_%27Castrum_Puellarum%27_%28Edinburgh_Castle%29_c.1581.jpg/220px-Braun_%26_Hogenberg_%27Castrum_Puellarum%27_%28Edinburgh_Castle%29_c.1581.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Braun_%26_Hogenberg_%27Castrum_Puellarum%27_%28Edinburgh_Castle%29_c.1581.jpg/330px-Braun_%26_Hogenberg_%27Castrum_Puellarum%27_%28Edinburgh_Castle%29_c.1581.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Braun_%26_Hogenberg_%27Castrum_Puellarum%27_%28Edinburgh_Castle%29_c.1581.jpg/440px-Braun_%26_Hogenberg_%27Castrum_Puellarum%27_%28Edinburgh_Castle%29_c.1581.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1147" data-file-height="925" /></a><figcaption>Edinburgh Castle on the site of an extinct volcano, c. 1581</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/traditional" class="extiw" title="wikt:traditional">traditional</a> way to <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/classify" class="extiw" title="wikt:classify">classify</a> or <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/identify" class="extiw" title="wikt:identify">identify</a> volcanoes is by its pattern of <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_eruption" title="Volcanic eruption">eruptions</a>. Those volcanoes which may erupt again at any time are called <a href="/wiki/Active_volcano" class="mw-redirect" title="Active volcano">active</a>. Those that are now quiet are called <a href="/wiki/Dormant_volcano" title="Dormant volcano">dormant</a> (inactive). Those volcanoes which have not erupted in historical times are called <a href="/wiki/Extinct_volcano" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct volcano">extinct</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Active">Active</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Active" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Active"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_active_volcanoes" title="List of active volcanoes">List of active volcanoes</a></div> <p>An active volcano is currently erupting, or it has erupted in the last 10,000 years. An example of an active volcano is <a href="/wiki/Mount_St._Helens" title="Mount St. Helens">Mount St. Helens</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (US).<sup id="cite_ref-ball_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ball-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dormant_(inactive)"><span id="Dormant_.28inactive.29"></span>Dormant (inactive)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Dormant (inactive)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Dormant (inactive)"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A dormant volcano is "sleeping," but it could awaken in the future. <a href="/wiki/Mount_Rainier" title="Mount Rainier">Mount Rainier</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> is considered dormant.<sup id="cite_ref-ball_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ball-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extinct_(dead_volcano)"><span id="Extinct_.28dead_volcano.29"></span>Extinct (dead volcano)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: Extinct (dead volcano)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Extinct (dead volcano)"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_extinct_volcanoes" title="List of extinct volcanoes">List of extinct volcanoes</a></div> <p>An extinct volcano has not erupted in the past 10,000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-ball_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ball-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Castle" title="Edinburgh Castle">Edinburgh Castle</a> in Scotland sits on top of an extinct volcano.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Largest_volcano_on_Earth">Largest volcano on Earth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Change section: Largest volcano on Earth" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Largest volcano on Earth"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Earth's largest volcano has been discovered.<sup id="cite_ref-Bigvol_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bigvol-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is 2 km below the sea on an underwater <a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">plateau</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Shatsky_Rise" title="Shatsky Rise">Shatsky Rise</a>. This is about 1,600 km east of <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. The previous record-holder, <a href="/wiki/Mauna_Loa" title="Mauna Loa">Mauna Loa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, is still the largest volcano on land. </p><p>The 310,000 km<sup>2</sup> (119,000 sq mi) volcano, <a href="/wiki/Tamu_Massif" title="Tamu Massif">Tamu Massif</a>, is comparable in size to <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>' vast <a href="/wiki/Olympus_Mons" title="Olympus Mons">Olympus Mons</a> volcano, which is the largest known volcano in the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>. It was formed about 145 million years ago when massive lava flows erupted from the centre of the volcano to form a broad, shield-like feature. That suggests the volcano produced a <a href="/wiki/Flood_basalt" title="Flood basalt">flood basalt</a> eruption. </p><p>The Tamu Massif extends some 30 km (18 miles) into the <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_crust" title="Earth's crust">Earth's crust</a>. The researchers doubted the submerged volcano's peak ever rose above sea level during its lifetime and say it is unlikely to erupt again. </p> <dl><dd>"The bottom line is that we think that Tamu Massif was built in a short (geologically speaking) time of one to several million years and it has been extinct since", co-author William Sager of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston" title="University of Houston">University of Houston</a> told the AFP <a href="/wiki/News_agency" title="News agency">news agency</a>.</dd> <dd>"There were lots of oceanic plateaus (that) erupted during the <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> period (145-65 million years ago) but we don't see them since. Scientists would like to know why... The biggest oceanic plateau is <a href="/wiki/Ontong_Java_Plateau" title="Ontong Java Plateau">Ontong Java Plateau</a>, near the equator in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific">Pacific</a>, east of the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>. It is much bigger than Tamu – it's the size of France".<sup id="cite_ref-Bigvol_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bigvol-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes" title="List of volcanoes">List of volcanoes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The plural of volcano can be <i>either</i> volcanos or volcanoes. Both are correct and it is not a matter of British vs US spelling. <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNSTA_Press_/_Archive.Org2007" class="citation web cs1">NSTA Press / Archive.Org (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120913041924/http://www.enviroliteracy.org/nsfmod/NaturesFury.pdf">"Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Tsunamis"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Resources for Environmental Literacy</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://enviroliteracy.org/nsfmod/NaturesFury.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 13, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Resources+for+Environmental+Literacy&rft.atitle=Earthquakes%2C+Volcanoes%2C+and+Tsunamis&rft.date=2007&rft.au=NSTA+Press+%2F+Archive.Org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenviroliteracy.org%2Fnsfmod%2FNaturesFury.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AVolcano" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Foulger-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Foulger_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFFoulger2010" class="citation book cs1">Foulger, Gillian R. (2010). <i>Plates vs. Plumes: a geological controversy</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-6148-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-6148-0"><bdi>978-1-4051-6148-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plates+vs.+Plumes%3A+a+geological+controversy&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-6148-0&rft.aulast=Foulger&rft.aufirst=Gillian+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AVolcano" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-camilla-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-camilla_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-camilla_4-1">4.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-camilla_4-2">4.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/holtsciencetechn00na_0"><i>Earth Science</i></a>. Austin, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 2001. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-03-055667-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-03-055667-8"><bdi>0-03-055667-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Earth+Science&rft.place=Austin%2C+Texas&rft.pub=Holt%2C+Rinehart+and+Winston&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-03-055667-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fholtsciencetechn00na_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AVolcano" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/types.html">"Principal types of volcanoes. USGS"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130509172417/http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/types.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-05-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-07-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Principal+types+of+volcanoes.+USGS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fgip%2Fvolc%2Ftypes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AVolcano" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090626082839/http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/volcanoes/cat/feature_garibaldi_e.php">"Garibaldi volcanic belt: Garibaldi Lake volcanic field"</a>. <i>Catalogue of Canadian volcanoes</i>. Geological Survey of Canada. 2009-04-01. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/volcanoes/cat/feature_garibaldi_e.php">the original</a> on 2009-06-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catalogue+of+Canadian+volcanoes&rft.atitle=Garibaldi+volcanic+belt%3A+Garibaldi+Lake+volcanic+field&rft.date=2009-04-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgsc.nrcan.gc.ca%2Fvolcanoes%2Fcat%2Ffeature_garibaldi_e.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AVolcano" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ball-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ball_7-0">7.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ball_7-1">7.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ball_7-2">7.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBall2010" class="citation web cs1">Ball, Jessica (September 8, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earthmagazine.org/article/voices-dead-or-alive-or-neither-why-dormant-volcano-not-dead-one">"Voices: Dead or alive ... or neither? Why a dormant volcano is not a dead one"</a>. <i>Earth Magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130128081248/http://www.earthmagazine.org/article/voices-dead-or-alive-or-neither-why-dormant-volcano-not-dead-one">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Earth+Magazine&rft.atitle=Voices%3A+Dead+or+alive+...+or+neither%3F+Why+a+dormant+volcano+is+not+a+dead+one&rft.date=2010-09-08&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earthmagazine.org%2Farticle%2Fvoices-dead-or-alive-or-neither-why-dormant-volcano-not-dead-one&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AVolcano" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">University of Edinburgh, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/arthurseat/geology/geology.html">"Holyrood Park Geology"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070830203351/http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/arthurseat/geology/geology.html">Archived</a> 2007-08-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; retrieved 2012-8-2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bigvol-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Bigvol_9-0">9.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Bigvol_9-1">9.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">World's largest volcano discovered beneath Pacific. <i>BBC Science & Environment</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-24007339">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191219000738/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-24007339">Archived</a> 2019-12-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Witze, Alexandra 2013. Underwater volcano is Earth's biggest: <a href="/wiki/Tamu_Massif" title="Tamu Massif">Tamu Massif</a> rivals the size of Olympus Mons on Mars. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.nature.com/news/underwater-volcano-is-earth-s-biggest-1.13680">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140706031645/http://www.nature.com/news/underwater-volcano-is-earth-s-biggest-1.13680">Archived</a> 2014-07-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcano&action=edit&section=13" 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title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/pglossary.html">Glossary of Volcanic Terms from USGS</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070922090242/http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/pglossary.html">Archived</a> 2007-09-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/glossary.html">Volcanic and Geologic Terms</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070914131739/http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/glossary.html">Archived</a> 2007-09-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/">Volcano World</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040805012700/http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/">Archived</a> 2004-08-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.und.nodak.edu/">University of North Dakota (UND)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/3183047.stm">Television program (BBC) on the prediction of Popocatepetl's 2000 eruption</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volcano&oldid=9749536">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volcano&oldid=9749536</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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