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theoretical</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: theoretical"> <meta name="keywords" content="theoretical"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="theoretical"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3518</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: theoretical</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3518</span> On a Theoretical Framework for Language Learning Apps Evaluation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Manuel%20Real-Espinosa">Juan Manuel Real-Espinosa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper addresses the first step to evaluate language learning apps: what theoretical framework to adopt when designing the app evaluation framework. The answer is not just one since there are several options that could be proposed. However, the question to be clarified is to what extent the learning design of apps is based on a specific learning approach, or on the contrary, on a fusion of elements from several theoretical proposals and paradigms, such as m-learning, mobile assisted language learning, and a number of theories about language acquisition. The present study suggests that the reality is closer to the second assumption. This implies that the theoretical framework against which the learning design of the apps should be evaluated must also be a hybrid theoretical framework, which integrates evaluation criteria from the different theories involved in language learning through mobile applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile-assisted%20language%20learning" title="mobile-assisted language learning">mobile-assisted language learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=action-oriented%20approach" title=" action-oriented approach"> action-oriented approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apps%20evaluation" title=" apps evaluation"> apps evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-method%20pedagogy" title=" post-method pedagogy"> post-method pedagogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20language%20acquisition" title=" second language acquisition"> second language acquisition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144748/on-a-theoretical-framework-for-language-learning-apps-evaluation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3517</span> Codification Controversy in Islamic and Saudi Law(Theoretical and Practical Study) </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20%20Almagsoudi">Mohamed Almagsoudi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to deal with two issues. One of them is about the theoretical side of codification, and the other is related to the practical side. At first, I have tried to criticize the debate running about codification of Islamic and Saudi Law, through observing and analyzing views of opponents and advocates. I tried to prove a hypothesis that both parties could not completely succeed in reviewing the theoretical base of this topic where discussion would not deal with irrelevant matters. It is a crucial shortcoming that made advocates unable to answer the critical questions addressed by those opponents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Codification" title="Codification">Codification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Law" title=" Saudi Law"> Saudi Law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20law" title=" Islamic law"> Islamic law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharia" title=" Sharia "> Sharia </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124605/codification-controversy-in-islamic-and-saudi-lawtheoretical-and-practical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3516</span> Facilitators and Barriers of Family Resilience in Cancer Patients Based on the Theoretical Domains Framework: An Integrative Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiang%20Yuqi">Jiang Yuqi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aims: The aim is to analyze the facilitators and barriers of family resilience in cancer patients based on the theoretical domain framework, provide a basis for intervention in the family resilience of cancer patients, and identify the progress and enlightenment of existing intervention projects. Methods: NVivo software was used to code the influencing factors using the framework of 14 theoretical domains as primary nodes; secondary nodes were then refined using thematic analysis, and specific influencing factors were aggregated and analyzed for evaluator reliability. Data sources: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CNKI, and Wanfang (search dates: from construction to November 2023). Results: A total of 35 papers were included, with 142 coding points across 14 theoretical domains and 38 secondary nodes. The three most relevant theoretical domains are social influences (norms), the environment and resources, and emotions (mood). The factors with the greatest impact were family support, mood, confidence and beliefs, external support, quality of life, economic circumstances, family adaptation, coping styles with illness, and management. Conclusion: The factors influencing family resilience in cancer patients cover most of the theoretical domains in the Theoretical Domains Framework and are cross-cutting, multi-sourced, and complex. Further in-depth exploration of the key factors influencing family resilience is necessary to provide a basis for intervention research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer" title="cancer">cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survivors" title=" survivors"> survivors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20resilience" title=" family resilience"> family resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical%20domains%20framework" title=" theoretical domains framework"> theoretical domains framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literature%20review" title=" literature review"> literature review</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185167/facilitators-and-barriers-of-family-resilience-in-cancer-patients-based-on-the-theoretical-domains-framework-an-integrative-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185167.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">46</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3515</span> A Simplified Distribution for Nonlinear Seas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Tayfun">M. A. Tayfun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Alkhalidi"> M. A. Alkhalidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The exact theoretical expression describing the probability distribution of nonlinear sea-surface elevations derived from the second-order narrowband model has a cumbersome form that requires numerical computations, not well-disposed to theoretical or practical applications. Here, the same narrowband model is re-examined to develop a simpler closed-form approximation suitable for theoretical and practical applications. The salient features of the approximate form are explored, and its relative validity is verified with comparisons to other readily available approximations, and oceanic data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocean%20waves" title="ocean waves">ocean waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability%20distributions" title=" probability distributions"> probability distributions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second-order%20nonlinearities" title=" second-order nonlinearities"> second-order nonlinearities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skewness%20coefficient" title=" skewness coefficient"> skewness coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20steepness" title=" wave steepness"> wave steepness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17028/a-simplified-distribution-for-nonlinear-seas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17028.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3514</span> Experimental, Computational Fluid Dynamics and Theoretical Study of Cyclone Performance Based on Inlet Velocity and Particle Loading Rate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakura%20Ganegama%20Bogodage">Sakura Ganegama Bogodage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Yee%20Tat%20Leung"> Andrew Yee Tat Leung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes experimental, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and theoretical analysis of a cyclone performance, operated 1.0 g/m3 solid loading rate, at two different inlet velocities (5 m/s and 10 m/s). Comparing experimental results with theoretical and CFD simulation results, it is pronounced that the influence of solid in processing flow is significant than expected. Experimental studies based on gas- solid flows of cyclone separators are complicated as they required advanced sensitive measuring techniques, especially flow characteristics. Thus, CFD modelling and theoretical analysis are economical in analyzing cyclone separator performance but detailed clarifications of the application of these in cyclone separator performance evaluation is not yet discussed. The present study shows the limitations of influencing parameters of CFD and theoretical considerations, comparing experimental results and flow characteristics from CFD modelling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclone%20performance" title="cyclone performance">cyclone performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inlet%20velocity" title=" inlet velocity"> inlet velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20drop" title=" pressure drop"> pressure drop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20loading%20rate" title=" solid loading rate"> solid loading rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81511/experimental-computational-fluid-dynamics-and-theoretical-study-of-cyclone-performance-based-on-inlet-velocity-and-particle-loading-rate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81511.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">237</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3513</span> A Comparison between Empirical and Theoretical OC Curves Related to Acceptance Sampling for Attributes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Encarnacion%20Alvarez">Encarnacion Alvarez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noem%C4%B1%20Hidalgo-Rebollo"> Noemı Hidalgo-Rebollo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20F.%20Munoz"> Juan F. Munoz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20J.%20Blanco-Encomienda"> Francisco J. Blanco-Encomienda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many companies use the technique named as acceptance sampling which consists on the inspection and decision making regarding products. According to the results derived from this method, the company takes the decision of acceptance or rejection of a product. The acceptance sampling can be applied to the technology management, since the acceptance sampling can be seen as a tool to improve the design planning, operation and control of technological products. The theoretical operating characteristic (OC) curves are widely used when dealing with acceptance sampling. In this paper, we carry out Monte Carlo simulation studies to compare numerically the empirical OC curves derived from the empirical results to the customary theoretical OC curves. We analyze various possible scenarios in such a way that the differences between the empirical and theoretical curves can be observed under different situations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-sampling%20plan" title="single-sampling plan">single-sampling plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lot" title=" lot"> lot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo%20simulation" title=" Monte Carlo simulation"> Monte Carlo simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20control" title=" quality control"> quality control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19429/a-comparison-between-empirical-and-theoretical-oc-curves-related-to-acceptance-sampling-for-attributes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3512</span> Probabilistic Approach to Contrast Theoretical Predictions from a Public Corruption Game Using Bayesian Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaime%20E.%20Fernandez">Jaime E. Fernandez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pablo%20J.%20Valverde"> Pablo J. Valverde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a methodological approach that aims to contrast/validate theoretical results from a corruption network game through probabilistic analysis of simulated microdata using Bayesian Networks (BNs). The research develops a public corruption model in a game theory framework. Theoretical results suggest a series of 'optimal settings' of model's exogenous parameters that boost the emergence of corruption. The paper contrasts these outcomes with probabilistic inference results based on BNs adjusted over simulated microdata. Principal findings indicate that probabilistic reasoning based on BNs significantly improves parameter specification and causal analysis in a public corruption game. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayesian%20networks" title="Bayesian networks">Bayesian networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probabilistic%20reasoning" title=" probabilistic reasoning"> probabilistic reasoning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20corruption" title=" public corruption"> public corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical%20games" title=" theoretical games"> theoretical games</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100412/probabilistic-approach-to-contrast-theoretical-predictions-from-a-public-corruption-game-using-bayesian-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3511</span> Theoretical Studies on the Formation Constant, Geometry, Vibrational Frequencies and Electronic Properties Dinuclear Molybdenum Complexes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahboobeh%20Mohadeszadeh">Mahboobeh Mohadeszadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behzad%20Padidaran%20Moghaddam"> Behzad Padidaran Moghaddam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to measuring dinuclear molybdenum complexes formation constant First,the reactants and the products were optimized separately and then, their frequencies were measured. In next level , with using Hartree-fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) methods ,Theoretical studies on the geometrical parameters, electronic properties and vibrational frequencies of dinuclear molybdenum complexes [C40H44Mo2N2O20] were investigated . These calculations were performed with the B3LYP, BPV86, B3PW91 and HF theoretical method using the LANL2DZ (for Mo’s) + 6-311G (for others) basis sets. To estimate the error rate between theoretical data and experimental data, RSquare , SError and RMS values that according with the theoretical and experimental parameters found out DFT methods has more integration with experimental data compare to HF methods. In addition, through electron specification of compounds, the percentage of atomic orbital’s attendance in making molecular orbital’s, atoms electrical charge, the sustainable energy resulting and also HOMO and LUMO orbital’s energy achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometrical%20parameters" title="geometrical parameters">geometrical parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20bonding" title=" hydrogen bonding"> hydrogen bonding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20properties" title=" electronic properties"> electronic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibrational%20frequencies" title=" vibrational frequencies"> vibrational frequencies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30865/theoretical-studies-on-the-formation-constant-geometry-vibrational-frequencies-and-electronic-properties-dinuclear-molybdenum-complexes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3510</span> A Robust Theoretical Elastoplastic Continuum Damage T-H-M Model for Rock Surrounding a Wellbore</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolaos%20Reppas">Nikolaos Reppas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yilin%20Gui"> Yilin Gui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben%20Wetenhall"> Ben Wetenhall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20Davie"> Colin Davie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Injection of CO2 inside wellbore can induce different kind of loadings that can lead to thermal, hydraulic, and mechanical changes on the surrounding rock. A dual-porosity theoretical constitutive model will be presented for the stability analysis of the wellbore during CO2 injection. An elastoplastic damage response will be considered. A bounding yield surface will be presented considering damage effects on sandstone. The main target of the research paper is to present a theoretical constitutive model that can help industries to safely store CO2 in geological rock formations and forecast any changes on the surrounding rock of the wellbore. The fully coupled elasto-plastic damage Thermo-Hydraulic-Mechanical theoretical model will be validated from existing experimental data for sandstone after simulating some scenarios by using FEM on MATLAB software. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20capture%20and%20storage" title="carbon capture and storage">carbon capture and storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20mechanics" title=" rock mechanics"> rock mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=THM%20effects%20on%20rock" title=" THM effects on rock"> THM effects on rock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutive%20model" title=" constitutive model"> constitutive model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126796/a-robust-theoretical-elastoplastic-continuum-damage-t-h-m-model-for-rock-surrounding-a-wellbore" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126796.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3509</span> Two Degree of Freedom Spherical Mechanism Design for Exact Sun Tracking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osman%20Acar">Osman Acar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sun tracking systems are the systems following the sun ray by a right angle or by predetermined certain angle. In this study, we used theoretical trajectory of sun for latitude of central Anatolia in Turkey. A two degree of freedom spherical mechanism was designed to have a large workspace able to follow the sun's theoretical motion by the right angle during the whole year. An inverse kinematic analysis was generated to find the positions of mechanism links for the predicted trajectory. Force and torque analysis were shown for the first day of the year. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sun%20tracking" title="sun tracking">sun tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical%20sun%20trajectory" title=" theoretical sun trajectory"> theoretical sun trajectory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spherical%20mechanism" title=" spherical mechanism"> spherical mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverse%20kinematic%20analysis" title=" inverse kinematic analysis"> inverse kinematic analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37062/two-degree-of-freedom-spherical-mechanism-design-for-exact-sun-tracking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3508</span> Theoretical and Experimental Electrostatic Potential around the M-Nitrophenol Compound</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Drissi%20Mokhtaria">Drissi Mokhtaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chouaih%20Abdelkader"> Chouaih Abdelkader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fodil%20Hamzaoui"> Fodil Hamzaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Our work is about a comparison of experimental and theoretical results of the electron charge density distribution and the electrostatic potential around the M-Nitrophenol Molecule (m-NPH) kwon for its interesting physical characteristics. The molecular experimental results have been obtained from a high-resolution X-ray diffraction study. Theoretical investigations were performed under the Gaussian program using the Density Functional Theory at B3LYP level of theory at 6-31G*. The multipolar model of Hansen and Coppens was used for the experimental electron charge density distribution around the molecule, while we used the DFT methods for the theoretical calculations. The electron charge density obtained in both methods allowed us to find out the different molecular properties such us the electrostatic potential and the dipole moment which were finally subject to a comparison leading to an outcome of a good matching results obtained in both methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20charge%20density" title="electron charge density">electron charge density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=m-nitrophenol" title=" m-nitrophenol"> m-nitrophenol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20optical%20compound" title=" nonlinear optical compound"> nonlinear optical compound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrostatic%20potential" title=" electrostatic potential"> electrostatic potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimized%20geometric" title=" optimized geometric"> optimized geometric</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3123/theoretical-and-experimental-electrostatic-potential-around-the-m-nitrophenol-compound" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3507</span> PhD Research Design and Descriptive Theory: Theoretical Framework for Development of Integrated Management System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Quashie">Samuel Quashie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The importance of theory for PhD construction management research cannot be underestimated, as it requires a sound theoretical basis. Theory efficiency reduces errors in the research problem, solving it by building upon current theory. Provides a structure for examination, enables the efficient development of the construction management field and to it practical real world problems. The aim is to develop the theoretical framework for the application of descriptive theory within the PhD research design To apply the proposed theoretical framework using the case of the topic of ‘integrated management system,’ classifying the phenomena into categories, explore the association between the category–defining attributes and the outcome observed. Forming categorization based upon attributes of phenomena (framework and typologies), and statement of association (models). Predicting (deductive process) and confirming (inductive process). The descriptive theory is important and provides a structure for examination, enables the efficient development of construction management field and to it practical real world problems. In conclusion, the work done in management presents fertile ground for research and theory development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=descriptive%20theory" title="descriptive theory">descriptive theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PhD%20research%20design" title=" PhD research design"> PhD research design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical%20framework" title=" theoretical framework"> theoretical framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20management" title=" construction management "> construction management </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32841/phd-research-design-and-descriptive-theory-theoretical-framework-for-development-of-integrated-management-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32841.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3506</span> Ranking Theory-The Paradigm Shift in Statistical Approach to the Issue of Ranking in a Sports League</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Gouya%20Bozorg">E. Gouya Bozorg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The issue of ranking of sports teams, in particular soccer teams is of primary importance in the professional sports. However, it is still based on classical statistics and models outside of area of mathematics. Rigorous mathematics and then statistics despite the expectation held of them have not been able to effectively engage in the issue of ranking. It is something that requires serious pathology. The purpose of this study is to change the approach to get closer to mathematics proper for using in the ranking. We recommend using theoretical mathematics as a good option because it can hermeneutically obtain the theoretical concepts and criteria needful for the ranking from everyday language of a League. We have proposed a framework that puts the issue of ranking into a new space that we have applied in soccer as a case study. This is an experimental and theoretical study on the issue of ranking in a professional soccer league based on theoretical mathematics, followed by theoretical statistics. First, we showed the theoretical definition of constant number Є = 1.33 or ‘golden number’ of a soccer league. Then, we have defined the ‘efficiency of a team’ by this number and formula of μ = (Pts / (k.Є)) – 1, in which Pts is a point obtained by a team in k number of games played. Moreover, K.Є index has been used to show the theoretical median line in the league table and to compare top teams and bottom teams. Theoretical coefficient of σ= 1 / (1+ (Ptx / Ptxn)) has also been defined that in every match between the teams x, xn, with respect to the ability of a team and the points of both of them Ptx, Ptxn, and it gives a performance point resulting in a special ranking for the League. And it has been useful particularly in evaluating the performance of weaker teams. The current theory has been examined for the statistical data of 4 major European Leagues during the period of 1998-2014. Results of this study showed that the issue of ranking is dependent on appropriate theoretical indicators of a League. These indicators allowed us to find different forms of ranking of teams in a league including the ‘special table’ of a league. Furthermore, on this basis the issue of a record of team has been revised and amended. In addition, the theory of ranking can be used to compare and classify the different leagues and tournaments. Experimental results obtained from archival statistics of major professional leagues in the world in the past two decades have confirmed the theory. This topic introduces a new theory for ranking of a soccer league. Moreover, this theory can be used to compare different leagues and tournaments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency%20of%20a%20team" title="efficiency of a team">efficiency of a team</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ranking" title=" ranking"> ranking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special%20table" title=" special table"> special table</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical%20mathematic" title=" theoretical mathematic "> theoretical mathematic </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33077/ranking-theory-the-paradigm-shift-in-statistical-approach-to-the-issue-of-ranking-in-a-sports-league" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3505</span> Theoretical Modeling of Mechanical Properties of Eco-Friendly Composites Derived from Sugar Palm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Sahari">J. Sahari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Sapuan"> S. M. Sapuan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Eco-friendly composites have been successfully prepared by using sugar palm tree as a sources. The effect of fibre content on mechanical properties of (SPF/SPS) biocomposites have been done and the experimentally tensile properties (tensile strength and modulus) of biocomposites have been compared with the existing theories of reinforcement. The biocomposites were prepared with different amounts of fibres (i.e. 10%, 20% and 30% by weight percent). The mechanical properties of plasticized SPS improved with the incorporation of fibres. Both approaches (experimental and theoretical) show that the young’s modulus of the biocomposites is consistently increased when the sugar palm fibre (SPF) are placed into the sugar palm starch matrix (SPS). Surface morphological study through scanning electron microscopy showed homogeneous distribution of fibres and matrix with good adhesion which play an important role in improving the mechanical properties of biocomposites. The observed deviations between the experimental and theoretical values are explained by the simplifying model assumptions applied for the configuration of the composites, in particular the sugar palm starch composites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco-friendly" title="eco-friendly">eco-friendly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocomposite" title=" biocomposite"> biocomposite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical" title=" mechanical"> mechanical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental" title=" experimental"> experimental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical" title=" theoretical"> theoretical</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27874/theoretical-modeling-of-mechanical-properties-of-eco-friendly-composites-derived-from-sugar-palm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3504</span> Dental Students’ Self-Assessment of Their Performance in a Preclinical Endodontic Practice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minseock%20Seo">Minseock Seo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dental education consists of both theoretical and practical learning for students. When dental students encounter practical courses as a new educational experience, they must also learn to evaluate themselves. The aim of this study was to investigate the self-assessment scores of third-year dental students and compare with the scores graded by the faculty in preclinical endodontic practice in a dental school in Korea. Faculty- and student-assigned scores were calculated from preclinical endodontic practice performed on phantom patients. The students were formally instructed on grading procedures for endodontic treatment. After each step, each item was assessed by the student. The students’ self-assessment score was then compared to the score by the faculty. The students were divided into 4 groups by analyzing the scores of self-assessment and faculty-assessment and statistically analyzed by summing the theoretical and practical examination scores. In the theoretical exam score, the group who over-estimated their performance (H group) was lower than the group with lower evaluation (L group). When comparing the first and last score determined by the faculty, H groups didn’t show any improvement, while the other group did. In H group, the less improvement of the self-assessment, the higher the theoretical exam score. In L group, the higher improvement of the self-assessment, the better the theoretical exam score. The results point to the need to develop students’ self-insight with more exercises and practical training. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dental%20students" title="dental students">dental students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endodontic" title=" endodontic"> endodontic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preclinical%20practice" title=" preclinical practice"> preclinical practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-assessment" title=" self-assessment"> self-assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88599/dental-students-self-assessment-of-their-performance-in-a-preclinical-endodontic-practice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88599.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3503</span> Standardization Of Miniature Neutron Research Reactor And Occupational Safety Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raymond%20Limen%20Njinga">Raymond Limen Njinga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The comparator factors (Fc) for miniature research reactors are of great importance in the field of nuclear physics as it provide accurate bases for the evaluation of elements in all form of samples via ko-NAA techniques. The Fc was initially simulated theoretically thereafter, series of experiments were performed to validate the results. In this situation, the experimental values were obtained using the alloy of Au(0.1%) - Al monitor foil and a neutron flux setting of 5.00E+11 cm-2.s-1. As was observed in the inner irradiation position, the average experimental value of 7.120E+05 was reported against the theoretical value of 7.330E+05. In comparison, a percentage deviation of 2.86 (from theoretical value) was observed. In the large case of the outer irradiation position, the experimental value of 1.170E+06 was recorded against the theoretical value of 1.210E+06 with a percentage deviation of 3.310 (from the theoretical value). The estimation of equivalent dose rate at 5m from neutron flux of 5.00E+11 cm-2.s-1 within the neutron energies of 1KeV, 10KeV, 100KeV, 500KeV, 1MeV, 5MeV and 10MeV were calculated to be 0.01 Sv/h, 0.01 Sv/h, 0.03 Sv/h, 0.15 Sv/h, 0.21Sv/h and 0.25 Sv/h respectively with a total dose within a period of an hour was obtained to be 0.66 Sv. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron%20flux" title="neutron flux">neutron flux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparator%20factor" title=" comparator factor"> comparator factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NAA%20techniques" title=" NAA techniques"> NAA techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron%20energy" title=" neutron energy"> neutron energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20dose" title=" equivalent dose"> equivalent dose</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142174/standardization-of-miniature-neutron-research-reactor-and-occupational-safety-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142174.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3502</span> Agreement Across Borders: Theoretical Templates in the Brain of a New Language Learner</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadeq%20Al%20Yaari">Sadeq Al Yaari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayman%20Al%20Yaari"> Ayman Al Yaari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adham%20Al%20Yaari"> Adham Al Yaari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Montaha%20Al%20Yaari"> Montaha Al Yaari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aayah%20Al%20Yaari"> Aayah Al Yaari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajedah%20Al%20Yaari"> Sajedah Al Yaari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate how the brain of a new language learner establishes theoretical templates to help understand grammatical structure. Method: The study recruited fourteen typically developing and achieving participants from eleven nationalities (ages between 23 and 30). Pre- and post-tests were administered, and the analysis was psychoneurolinguistically discussed. Results: Outline results show that, in grammar acquisition), the challenge that faces the second language learner is in the establishment of the templates relating to abstract nouns. During the process of grammar acquisition, the earlier, the better and fMRI was found to be the practical detector of brain theoretical templates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=template" title="template">template</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain" title=" brain"> brain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imaging%20technique" title=" imaging technique"> imaging technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grammar%20acquisition" title=" grammar acquisition"> grammar acquisition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187001/agreement-across-borders-theoretical-templates-in-the-brain-of-a-new-language-learner" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187001.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">35</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3501</span> The Probability Foundation of Fundamental Theoretical Physics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quznetsov%20Gunn">Quznetsov Gunn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the study of the logical foundations of probability theory, it was found that the terms and equations of the fundamental theoretical physics represent terms and theorems of the classical probability theory, more precisely, of that part of this theory, which considers the probability of dot events in the 3 + 1 space-time. In particular, the masses, moments, energies, spins, etc. turn out of parameters of probability distributions such events. The terms and the equations of the electroweak and of the quark-gluon theories turn out the theoretical-probabilistic terms and theorems. Here the relation of a neutrino to his lepton becomes clear, the W and Z bosons masses turn out dynamic ones, the cause of the asymmetry between particles and antiparticles is the impossibility of the birth of single antiparticles. In addition, phenomena such as confinement and asymptotic freedom receive their probabilistic explanation. And here we have the logical foundations of the gravity theory with phenomena dark energy and dark matter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classical%20theory%20of%20probability" title="classical theory of probability">classical theory of probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logical%20foundation%20of%20fundamental%20theoretical%20physics" title=" logical foundation of fundamental theoretical physics"> logical foundation of fundamental theoretical physics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=masses" title=" masses"> masses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moments" title=" moments"> moments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energies" title=" energies"> energies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spins" title=" spins"> spins</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69589/the-probability-foundation-of-fundamental-theoretical-physics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69589.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3500</span> Investigation of Efficient Production of ¹³⁵La for the Auger Therapy Using Medical Cyclotron in Poland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Zandi">N. Zandi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sitarz"> M. Sitarz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Jastrzebski"> J. Jastrzebski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Vagheian"> M. Vagheian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Choinski"> J. Choinski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Stolarz"> A. Stolarz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Trzcinska"> A. Trzcinska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ¹³⁵La with the half-life of 19.5 h can be considered as a good candidate for Auger therapy. ¹³⁵La decays almost 100% by electron capture to the stable ¹³⁵Ba. In this study, all important possible reactions leading to ¹³⁵La production are investigated in details, and the corresponding theoretical yield for each reaction using the Monte-Carlo method (MCNPX code) are presented. Among them, the best reaction based on the cost-effectiveness and production yield regarding Poland facilities equipped with medical cyclotron has been selected. ¹³⁵La is produced using 16.5 MeV proton beam of general electric PET trace cyclotron through the ¹³⁵Ba(p,n)¹³⁵La reaction. Moreover, for a consistent facilitating comparison between the theoretical calculations and the experimental measurements, the beam current and also the proton beam energy is measured experimentally. Then, the obtained proton energy is considered as the entrance energy for the theoretical calculations. The production yield finally is measured and compared with the results obtained using the MCNPX code. The results show the experimental measurement and the theoretical calculations are in good agreement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficient%20%C2%B9%C2%B3%E2%81%B5La%20production" title="efficient ¹³⁵La production">efficient ¹³⁵La production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proton%20cyclotron%20energy%20measurement" title=" proton cyclotron energy measurement"> proton cyclotron energy measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MCNPX%20code" title=" MCNPX code"> MCNPX code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical%20and%20experimental%20production%20yield" title=" theoretical and experimental production yield"> theoretical and experimental production yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106244/investigation-of-efficient-production-of-135la-for-the-auger-therapy-using-medical-cyclotron-in-poland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3499</span> Women Inclusiveness in Government Leaderships and Public Relations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Larissa%20Kamdjong">Larissa Kamdjong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research is to introduce inclusive leadership as a distinct theoretical framework to understand its meaning and functions in advancing gender equality and empowerment in public relations leadership. By proposing women inclusive leadership theoretical model, we explored the roles of inclusive leadership in fostering an organization’s diverse climate and facilitating its practice of participative leadership in empowering women in public relations to reach their full potential in leadership advancement. Moreover, our results confirmed both direct and indirect impacts inclusive leadership could have on women’s perceptions of continued career growth opportunities. Our findings provide theoretical implications and practical solutions to address women’s leadership challenges through an inclusive leadership lens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusiveness" title="inclusiveness">inclusiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empowerment" title=" empowerment"> empowerment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership" title=" leadership"> leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=career%20opportunities" title=" career opportunities"> career opportunities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187041/women-inclusiveness-in-government-leaderships-and-public-relations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187041.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">46</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3498</span> Advancing Sustainable Development in the Construction Industry: A Theoretical Framework for Integrating Sustainable Project Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Kwesi%20Bondinuba">Francis Kwesi Bondinuba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seidu%20Abdullah"> Seidu Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nelly%20Bondinuba"> Nelly Bondinuba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: The study proposes a theoretical framework for integrating sustainable project management in the construction sector, addressing the need for sustainable development practices. Methodology: The study adopts a theoretical approach by reviewing existing literature on sustainable development and project management in the construction industry. It analyses various concepts, theories, and frameworks to develop a comprehensive theoretical framework for integrating sustainable project management. Findings: The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating sustainable development practices into construction project management, focusing on collaboration, stakeholder engagement, and continuous improvement to achieve environmental conservation, social responsibility, and economic viability. Conclusion: Sustainable Project Management (SPM) in Ghana's construction industry is challenging due to lack of awareness, regulatory frameworks, financial constraints, and skill shortages, despite its benefits in promoting social inclusivity, job creation, and environmental resilience. Recommendation: The construction industry in Ghana should adopt a comprehensive approach involving local communities, government bodies, and environmental organizations. It should utilize green materials and technologies and effectively manage waste. Originality: This study presents a theoretical framework for sustainable project management in construction. It emphasizes collaboration and stakeholder engagement for long-term sustainable outcomes and considers environmental, social, and economic aspects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20industry" title="construction industry">construction industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical%20framework" title=" theoretical framework"> theoretical framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integration" title=" integration"> integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20management" title=" project management"> project management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188533/advancing-sustainable-development-in-the-construction-industry-a-theoretical-framework-for-integrating-sustainable-project-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">32</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3497</span> Theoretical BER Analyzing of MPSK Signals Based on the Signal Space</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Qing-feng">Jing Qing-feng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Danmei"> Liu Danmei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on the optimum detection, signal projection and Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) rule, Proakis has deduced the theoretical BER equation of Gray coded MPSK signals. Proakis analyzed the BER theoretical equations mainly based on the projection of signals, which is difficult to be understood. This article solve the same problem based on the signal space, which explains the vectors relations among the sending signals, received signals and noises. The more explicit and easy-deduced process is illustrated in this article based on the signal space, which can illustrated the relations among the signals and noises clearly. This kind of deduction has a univocal geometry meaning. It can explain the correlation between the production and calculation of BER in vector level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MPSK" title="MPSK">MPSK</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MAP" title=" MAP"> MAP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20space" title=" signal space"> signal space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BER" title="BER">BER</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45896/theoretical-ber-analyzing-of-mpsk-signals-based-on-the-signal-space" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45896.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3496</span> A Theoretical Framework of Multifactor Systematic Risks in Equity Market: Behavioral Finance Paradigm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jasman%20Tuyon">Jasman Tuyon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zamri%20Ahmad"> Zamri Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Behavioral asset pricing research has been gaining momentum since in 1990s. However, it is still incomplete and has been criticized for some philosophical, theoretical and model specification limitations. Due to these drawbacks, investors’ behaviors as a source of risk in behavioral asset pricing modeling still remains disputable. This paper aims to address these issues with an alternative perspective based on behavioral finance paradigm. Specifically, this paper proposes a theoretical linkages of both fundamental and behavioral risks on stock prices formation and an extension of the multifactor stock pricing model by combining multi-factor fundamentals and behavioral risks factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavioral%20finance" title="behavioral finance">behavioral finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multifactor%20asset%20pricing" title=" multifactor asset pricing"> multifactor asset pricing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavioral%20risks" title=" behavioral risks"> behavioral risks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20risks" title=" fundamental risks"> fundamental risks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11989/a-theoretical-framework-of-multifactor-systematic-risks-in-equity-market-behavioral-finance-paradigm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11989.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3495</span> The Role of Group Size, Public Employees’ Wages and Control Corruption Institutions in a Game-Theoretical Model of Public Corruption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pablo%20J.%20Valverde">Pablo J. Valverde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaime%20E.%20Fernandez"> Jaime E. Fernandez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper shows under which conditions public corruption can emerge. The theoretical model includes variables such as the public employee wage (w), a control corruption parameter (c), and the group size of interactions (GS) between clusters of public officers and contractors. The system behavior is analyzed using phase diagrams based on combinations of such parameters (c, w, GS). Numerical simulations are implemented in order to contrast analytic results based on Nash equilibria of the theoretical model. Major findings include the functional relationship between wages and network topology, which attempts to reduce the emergence of corrupt behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20corruption" title="public corruption">public corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=game%20theory" title=" game theory"> game theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20systems" title=" complex systems"> complex systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nash%20equilibrium." title=" Nash equilibrium."> Nash equilibrium.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100402/the-role-of-group-size-public-employees-wages-and-control-corruption-institutions-in-a-game-theoretical-model-of-public-corruption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100402.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3494</span> Pragmatic Discoursal Study of Hedging Constructions in English Language</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Hussein%20Ahmed">Mohammed Hussein Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahar%20Mohammed%20Kareem"> Bahar Mohammed Kareem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is concerned with the pragmatic discoursal study of hedging constructions in English language. Hedging is a mitigated word used to lessen the impact of the utterance uttered by the speakers. Hedging could be either adverbs, adjectives, verbs and sometimes it may consist of clauses. It aims at finding out the extent to which speakers and participants of the discourse use hedging constructions during their conversations. The study also aims at finding out whether or not there are any significant differences in the types and functions of the frequency of hedging constructions employed by male and female. It is hypothesized that hedging constructions are frequent in English discourse more than any other languages due to its formality and that the frequency of the types and functions are influenced by the gender of the participants. To achieve the aims of the study, two types of procedures have been followed: theoretical and practical. The theoretical procedure consists of presenting a theoretical background of hedging topic which includes its definitions, etymology and theories. The practical procedure consists of selecting a sample of texts and analyzing them according to an adopted model. A number of conclusions will be drawn based on the findings of the study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hedging" title="hedging">hedging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pragmatics" title=" pragmatics"> pragmatics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=politeness" title=" politeness"> politeness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical" title=" theoretical "> theoretical </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14661/pragmatic-discoursal-study-of-hedging-constructions-in-english-language" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">587</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3493</span> Theoretical Framework for Value Creation in Project Oriented Companies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariusz%20Hofman">Mariusz Hofman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper ‘Theoretical framework for value creation in Project-Oriented Companies’ is designed to determine, how organisations create value and whether this allows them to achieve market success. An assumption has been made that there are two routes to achieving this value. The first one is to create intangible assets (i.e. the resources of human, structural and relational capital), while the other one is to create added value (understood as the surplus of revenue over costs). It has also been assumed that the combination of the achieved added value and unique intangible assets translates to the success of a project-oriented company. The purpose of the paper is to present hypothetical and deductive model which describing the modus operandi of such companies and approach to model operationalisation. All the latent variables included in the model are theoretical constructs with observational indicators (measures). The existence of a latent variable (construct) and also submodels will be confirmed based on a covariance matrix which in turn is based on empirical data, being a set of observational indicators (measures). This will be achieved with a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Due to this statistical procedure, it will be verified whether the matrix arising from the adopted theoretical model differs statistically from the empirical matrix of covariance arising from the system of equations. The fit of the model with the empirical data will be evaluated using χ2, RMSEA and CFI (Comparative Fit Index). How well the theoretical model fits the empirical data is assessed through a number of indicators. If the theoretical conjectures are confirmed, an interesting development path can be defined for project-oriented companies. This will let such organisations perform efficiently in the face of the growing competition and pressure on innovation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20creation" title="value creation">value creation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project-oriented%20company" title=" project-oriented company"> project-oriented company</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20equation%20modelling" title=" structural equation modelling"> structural equation modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53162/theoretical-framework-for-value-creation-in-project-oriented-companies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53162.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3492</span> Selection of Variogram Model for Environmental Variables</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheikh%20Samsuzzhan%20Alam">Sheikh Samsuzzhan Alam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study investigates the selection of variogram model in analyzing spatial variations of environmental variables with the trend. Sometimes, the autofitted theoretical variogram does not really capture the true nature of the empirical semivariogram. So proper exploration and analysis are needed to select the best variogram model. For this study, an open source data collected from California Soil Resource Lab1 is used to explain the problems when fitting a theoretical variogram. Five most commonly used variogram models: Linear, Gaussian, Exponential, Matern, and Spherical were fitted to the experimental semivariogram. Ordinary kriging methods were considered to evaluate the accuracy of the selected variograms through cross-validation. This study is beneficial for selecting an appropriate theoretical variogram model for environmental variables. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anisotropy" title="anisotropy">anisotropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-validation" title=" cross-validation"> cross-validation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20variables" title=" environmental variables"> environmental variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kriging" title=" kriging"> kriging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variogram%20models" title=" variogram models"> variogram models</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17106/selection-of-variogram-model-for-environmental-variables" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17106.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3491</span> Theoretical Analysis of Self-Starting Busemann Intake Family</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Moradian">N. Moradian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Timofeev"> E. Timofeev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Tahir"> R. Tahir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, startability of the Busemann intake family with weak/strong conical shock, as most efficient intakes, via overboard mass spillage method is theoretically analyzed. Masterix and Candifix codes are used to numerically simulate few models of this type of intake and verify the theoretical results. Portions of the intake corresponding to various flow capture angles are considered to have mass spillage in the starting process of this intake. This approach allows for overboard mass spillage via a V-shaped slot with the tip of V coinciding with the focal point of the Busemann flow. The theoretical results, achieved using two different theories, of self-started Busemann takes with weak/strong conical shock show that significant improve in intake startability using overboard spillage technique. The starting phenomena of Busemann intakes with weak conical shock and seven different capture angles are numerically simulated at freestream Mach number of 3 to find the minimum area ratios of self-started intakes. The numerical results confirm the theoretical ones achieved by authors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Busemann%20intake" title="Busemann intake">Busemann intake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conical%20shock" title=" conical shock"> conical shock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overboard%20spillage" title=" overboard spillage"> overboard spillage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=startability" title=" startability"> startability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57464/theoretical-analysis-of-self-starting-busemann-intake-family" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57464.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">204</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3490</span> Modelling the Photovoltaic Pump Output Using Empirical Data from Local Conditions in the Vhembe District</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Matasane">C. Matasane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Dwarika"> C. Dwarika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Naidoo"> R. Naidoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mathematical analysis on radiation obtained and the development of the solar photovoltaic (PV) array groundwater pumping is needed in the rural areas of Thohoyandou, Limpopo Province for sizing and power performance subject to the climate conditions within the area. A simple methodology approach is developed for the directed coupled solar, controller and submersible ground water pump system. The system consists of a PV array, pump controller and submerged pump, battery backup and charger controller. For this reason, the theoretical solar radiation obtained for optimal predictions and system performance in order to achieve different design and operating parameters. Here the examination of the PV schematic module in a Direct Current (DC) application is used for obtainable maximum solar power energy for water pumping. In this paper, a simple efficient photovoltaic water pumping system is presented with its theoretical studies and mathematical modeling of photovoltaics (PV) system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy%20sources" title="renewable energy sources">renewable energy sources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20groundwater%20pumping" title=" solar groundwater pumping"> solar groundwater pumping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical%20and%20mathematical%20analysis%20of%20photovoltaic%20%28PV%29%20system" title=" theoretical and mathematical analysis of photovoltaic (PV) system"> theoretical and mathematical analysis of photovoltaic (PV) system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical%20solar%20radiation" title=" theoretical solar radiation"> theoretical solar radiation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16689/modelling-the-photovoltaic-pump-output-using-empirical-data-from-local-conditions-in-the-vhembe-district" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16689.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3489</span> A State-Of-The-Art Review on Web Services Adaptation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Velasco">M. Velasco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20While"> D. While</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Raju"> P. Raju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Krasniewicz"> J. Krasniewicz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Amini"> A. Amini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Hernandez-Munoz"> L. Hernandez-Munoz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Web service adaptation involves the creation of adapters that solve Web services incompatibilities known as mismatches. Since the importance of Web services adaptation is increasing because of the frequent implementation and use of online Web services, this paper presents a literature review of web services to investigate the main methods of adaptation, their theoretical underpinnings and the metrics used to measure adapters performance. Eighteen publications were reviewed independently by two researchers. We found that adaptation techniques are needed to solve different types of problems that may arise due to incompatibilities in Web service interfaces, including protocols, messages, data and semantics that affect the interoperability of the services. Although adapters are non-invasive methods that can improve Web services interoperability and there are current approaches for service adaptation; there is, however, not yet one solution that fits all types of mismatches. Our results also show that only a few research projects incorporate theoretical frameworks and that metrics to measure adapters’ performance are very limited. We conclude that further research on software adaptation should improve current adaptation methods in different layers of the service interoperability and that an adaptation theoretical framework that incorporates a theoretical underpinning and measures of qualitative and quantitative performance needs to be created. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Web%20Services%20Adapters" title="Web Services Adapters">Web Services Adapters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20adaptation" title=" software adaptation"> software adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20services%20mismatches" title=" web services mismatches"> web services mismatches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20services%20interoperability" title=" web services interoperability"> web services interoperability</a> </p> <a 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