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مدال کاپلی - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
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mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="منوی کاربری" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_fa.wikipedia.org&uselang=fa"><span>کمک مالی</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C&returnto=%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" title="از شما دعوت می‌شود که یک حساب ایجاد کنید و وارد شوید؛ هرچند که این کار اختیاری است."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ایجاد حساب</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87&returnto=%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" title="توصیه می‌شود که به سامانه وارد شوید، گرچه اجباری نیست [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ورود</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> صفحه‌هایی برای ویرایشگرانی که از سامانه خارج شدند <a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%87" aria-label="دربارهٔ ویرایش‌کردن بیشتر بدانید"><span>بیشتر بدانید</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%86" title="فهرست ویرایش‌ها انجام شده از این نشانی آی‌پی [y]" accesskey="y"><span>مشارکت‌ها</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB_%D9%85%D9%86" title="بحث پیرامون ویرایش‌های این نشانی آی‌پی [n]" accesskey="n"><span>بحث</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="وبگاه"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="فهرست" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">فهرست</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">انتقال به نوار کناری</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">نهفتن</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">بخش آغازین</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-تاریخچه" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#تاریخچه"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۱</span> <span>تاریخچه</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-تاریخچه-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-دریافت‌کنندگان_مدال" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#دریافت‌کنندگان_مدال"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۲</span> <span>دریافت‌کنندگان مدال</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-دریافت‌کنندگان_مدال-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-منابع" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#منابع"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۳</span> <span>منابع</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-منابع-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="فهرست" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="تغییر وضعیت فهرست محتویات" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">تغییر وضعیت فهرست محتویات</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">مدال کاپلی</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="به مقاله‌ای به یک زبان دیگر بروید. به ۵۲ زبان در دسترس است." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">۵۲ زبان</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A" title="وسام كوبلي–عربی" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وسام كوبلي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medaya_Copley" title="Medaya Copley–آستوری" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Medaya Copley" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="آستوری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%22Kopli%22_medal%C4%B1" title=""Kopli" medalı–ترکی آذربایجانی" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title=""Kopli" medalı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ترکی آذربایجانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Медаль Коплі–بلاروسی" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Медаль Коплі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بلاروسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%95" title="কপলি পদক–بنگالی" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কপলি পদক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بنگالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalenn_Copley" title="Medalenn Copley–برتون" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Medalenn Copley" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="برتون" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copleyjeva_medalja" title="Copleyjeva medalja–بوسنیایی" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Copleyjeva medalja" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="بوسنیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalla_Copley" title="Medalla Copley–کاتالان" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Medalla Copley" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کاتالان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" title="مێدالیای کۆپلی–کردی مرکزی" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مێدالیای کۆپلی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="کردی مرکزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copleyho_medaile" title="Copleyho medaile–چکی" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Copleyho medaile" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copleymedaljen" title="Copleymedaljen–دانمارکی" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Copleymedaljen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="دانمارکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copley-Medaille" title="Copley-Medaille–آلمانی" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Copley-Medaille" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="آلمانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="فهرست برگزیده"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copley_Medal" title="Copley Medal–انگلیسی" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Copley Medal" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انگلیسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalo_Copley" title="Medalo Copley–اسپرانتو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Medalo Copley" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="اسپرانتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalla_Copley" title="Medalla Copley–اسپانیایی" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Medalla Copley" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="اسپانیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copley_medal" title="Copley medal–استونیایی" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Copley medal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="استونیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copley_Domina" title="Copley Domina–باسکی" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Copley Domina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copley-mitali" title="Copley-mitali–فنلاندی" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Copley-mitali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فنلاندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9daille_Copley" title="Médaille Copley–فرانسوی" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Médaille Copley" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalla_Copley" title="Medalla Copley–گالیسیایی" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Medalla Copley" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="گالیسیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%99" title="מדליית קופלי–عبری" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מדליית קופלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copleyeva_medalja" title="Copleyeva medalja–کروات" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Copleyeva medalja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="کروات" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copley-%C3%A9rem" title="Copley-érem–مجاری" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Copley-érem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="مجاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medali_Copley" title="Medali Copley–اندونزیایی" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Medali Copley" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="اندونزیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medaglia_Copley" title="Medaglia Copley–ایتالیایی" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Medaglia Copley" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ایتالیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A1%E3%83%80%E3%83%AB" title="コプリ・メダル–ژاپنی" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コプリ・メダル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ژاپنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tazal%C9%A3i_Copley" title="Tazalɣi Copley–قبایلی" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tazalɣi Copley" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="قبایلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%ED%94%8C%EB%A6%AC_%EB%A9%94%EB%8B%AC" title="코플리 메달–کره‌ای" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코플리 메달" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کره‌ای" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copley_Medail" title="Copley Medail–لوگزامبورگی" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Copley Medail" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="لوگزامبورگی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koplio_medalis" title="Koplio medalis–لیتوانیایی" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Koplio medalis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="لیتوانیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%BD" title="കോപ്ലി മെഡൽ–مالایالامی" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോപ്ലി മെഡൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="مالایالامی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copley_Medal" title="Copley Medal–هلندی" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Copley Medal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="هلندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copleymedaljen" title="Copleymedaljen–نروژی نی‌نُشک" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Copleymedaljen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="نروژی نی‌نُشک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copleymedaljen" title="Copleymedaljen–نروژی بوک‌مُل" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Copleymedaljen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="نروژی بوک‌مُل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalha_Copley" title="Medalha Copley–اکسیتان" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Medalha Copley" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="اکسیتان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medal_Copleya" title="Medal Copleya–لهستانی" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Medal Copleya" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="لهستانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%92_%D9%B9%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="کوپلے ٹکا–پنجابی" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کوپلے ٹکا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="پنجابی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalha_Copley" title="Medalha Copley–پرتغالی" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Medalha Copley" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پرتغالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalia_Copley" title="Medalia Copley–رومانیایی" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Medalia Copley" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="رومانیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Медаль Копли–روسی" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Медаль Копли" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copley_Medal" title="Copley Medal–انگلیسی ساده" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Copley Medal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="انگلیسی ساده" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copleyova_medaila" title="Copleyova medaila–اسلواکی" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Copleyova medaila" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="اسلواکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copleyjeva_medalja" title="Copleyjeva medalja–اسلوونیایی" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Copleyjeva medalja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="اسلوونیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%99%D0%B0" title="Коплијева медаља–صربی" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Коплијева медаља" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="صربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copleymedaljen" title="Copleymedaljen–سوئدی" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Copleymedaljen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سوئدی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கோப்ளி பதக்கம்–تامیلی" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கோப்ளி பதக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تامیلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copley_Madalyas%C4%B1" title="Copley Madalyası–ترکی استانبولی" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Copley Madalyası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترکی استانبولی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Медаль Коплі–اوکراینی" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Медаль Коплі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="اوکراینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%84" title="کاپلی میڈل–اردو" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کاپلی میڈل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="اردو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huy_ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Copley" title="Huy chương Copley–ویتنامی" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Huy chương Copley" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ویتنامی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="კოპლიშ მენდალი–Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კოპლიშ მენდალი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E7%8D%8E%E7%AB%A0" title="科普利獎章–چینی" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="科普利獎章" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28003#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ویرایش پیوندهای بین‌زبانی" class="wbc-editpage">ویرایش پیوندها</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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mw-parser-output" lang="fa" dir="rtl"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Award</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35359648">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">مدال کاپلی انجمن سلطنتی</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Joseph_Lister,_Copley_Medal_(gold),_1902_Wellcome_M0007837.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Joseph_Lister%2C_Copley_Medal_%28gold%29%2C_1902_Wellcome_M0007837.jpg/160px-Joseph_Lister%2C_Copley_Medal_%28gold%29%2C_1902_Wellcome_M0007837.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Joseph_Lister%2C_Copley_Medal_%28gold%29%2C_1902_Wellcome_M0007837.jpg/240px-Joseph_Lister%2C_Copley_Medal_%28gold%29%2C_1902_Wellcome_M0007837.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Joseph_Lister%2C_Copley_Medal_%28gold%29%2C_1902_Wellcome_M0007837.jpg/320px-Joseph_Lister%2C_Copley_Medal_%28gold%29%2C_1902_Wellcome_M0007837.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3320" data-file-height="3289" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">مدال کاپلی اهدا شده به <a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="جوزف لیستر">جوزف لیستر</a> در سال ۱۹۰۲</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">توصیف</th><td class="infobox-data">پژوهش برجسته در هر رشته علمی</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">پشتیبان مالی</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="انجمن سلطنتی">انجمن سلطنتی</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">کشور</th><td class="infobox-data location">انگلستان</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">برگزارکننده</th><td class="infobox-data attendee"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="انجمن سلطنتی">انجمن سلطنتی</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28003?uselang=fa#P1027" title="ویرایش این در ویکی‌داده"><img alt="ویرایش این در ویکی‌داده" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">نخستین دوره</th><td class="infobox-data">۱۷۳۱<span class="noprint">؛ ۲۹۳ سال پیش</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">۱۷۳۱-<strong class="error">خطا: زمان نامعتبر</strong>}}</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">وبگاه</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="text-align:left; direction:ltr;"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/copley-medal/">Copley Medal</a></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>مدال کاپلی</b> یا <b>نشان کاپلی</b> (به <a href="/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زبان انگلیسی">انگلیسی</a>: <span lang="en" title="متن به زبان انگلیسی"><bdi>Copley Medal</bdi></span>) جایزه‌ای علمی است که هرساله توسط <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="انجمن سلطنتی">انجمن سلطنتی</a> <a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="لندن">لندن</a> به خاطر دستاوردهای برجسته، پژوهشی در هر رشتهٔ علمی از علوم فیزیکی گرفته تا علوم <a href="/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زیست‌شناسی">زیست‌شناسی</a> اعطا می‌شود.<sup id="cite_ref-cop1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cop1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> این نشان که قدیمی‌ترین جایزهٔ انجمن سلطنتی است که هنوز هم اعطا می‌شود و احتمالاً قدیمی‌ترین جایزه علمی موجود در جهان است،<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> برای اولین بار در سال ۱۷۳۱ به <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C_(%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF)" title="استیون گری (دانشمند)">استفن گری</a> به خاطر آزمایشهای جدیدش در مورد الکتریسیته: به عنوان تشویقی برای او که اغلب با کشفیاتش نشان می‌داد که برای خدمت به جامعه آمادگی دارد و پیشرفت در این بخش از دانش طبیعی، داده شد.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="تاریخچه"><span id=".D8.AA.D8.A7.D8.B1.DB.8C.D8.AE.DA.86.D9.87"></span>تاریخچه</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C&action=edit&section=1" title="ویرایش بخش: تاریخچه"><span>ویرایش</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>این مدال پس از اهدا ۱۰۰ <a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="پوند استرلینگ">£</a> توسط <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سرگادفری کاپلی،دومین بارون (صفحه وجود ندارد)">سرگادفری کاپلی</a> برای انجام آزمایش ایجاد شد و چندین سال هم مقدارش همان ۱۰۰ پوند بود.<sup id="cite_ref-cop2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cop2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> شرایط اعطای مدال چندین بار تغییر کرده‌است. در ۱۷۳۶، پیشنهاد شد که «یک مدال یا جایزه افتخاری دیگری به کسی اهدا شود که آزمایشش به بهترین نحو ممکن تأیید شده‌است.» و تا سال ۱۸۳۱ این مطلب به صورت قانون باقی ماند تا اینکه شرایط تغییر کرد وقرار شد مدال به پژوهش‌گری داده شود که شورای انجمن سلطنتی او را شایسته‌ترین فرد برای دریافت مدال تشخیص دهد.<sup id="cite_ref-cop2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cop2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A در سال ۱۸۸۱ سر جوزف ویلیام کاپلی برای دومین بار مبلغ ۱۶۶۶ پوند، ۱۳ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF_(%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="شیلینگ (سکه بریتانیایی) (صفحه وجود ندارد)">s</a> و ۴<a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C" class="mw-disambig" title="پنی">d</a> اهدا کرد؛ و این مبلغ برای اهدا مدال استفاده شد.<sup id="cite_ref-cop2_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cop2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> مدال در قالب فعلی از <a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B4" title="نقره طلاپوش">نقره طلاپوش</a> ساخته شده و به همراه یک جایزه ۲۵٬۰۰۰ پوندی داده می‌شود.<sup id="cite_ref-cop1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cop1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>از زمان اعطای آن، این جایزه به بسیاری از دانشمندان برجسته داده شده‌است، شامل ۵۲ نفر از برندگان <a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84" title="جایزه نوبل">جایزه نوبل</a>: ۱۷ نفر در <a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="جایزه نوبل فیزیک">فیزیک</a>، ۲۱ نفر در <a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="جایزه نوبل فیزیولوژی و پزشکی">فیزیولوژی و پزشکی</a>، و ۱۴ نفر در <a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C" title="جایزه نوبل شیمی">شیمی</a>. <a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87" title="جان تیافیلیس دزاگولیه">جان تیافیلیس دزاگولیه</a> با سه بار، در ۱۷۳۴، ۱۷۳۶ و ۱۷۴۱، بیشترین تعداد دریافت کننده جایزه بوده‌است، <a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دوروتی هاجکین">دوروتی هاجکین</a> با دریافت آن در سال ۱۹۷۶ اولین زن دریافت‌کننده مدال کاپلی است، و <a href="/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%84" title="ژوسلین بل بورنل">ژوسلین بل بورنل</a> در سال ۲۰۲۱ دومین زنی شد که این مدال را دریافت کرده‌است. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="دریافت‌کنندگان_مدال"><span id=".D8.AF.D8.B1.DB.8C.D8.A7.D9.81.D8.AA.E2.80.8C.DA.A9.D9.86.D9.86.D8.AF.DA.AF.D8.A7.D9.86_.D9.85.D8.AF.D8.A7.D9.84"></span>دریافت‌کنندگان مدال</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C&action=edit&section=2" title="ویرایش بخش: دریافت‌کنندگان مدال"><span>ویرایش</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="4%">سال </th> <th width="7.5%">تصویر </th> <th width="20%">نام </th> <th width="71%" class="unsortable">دلیل </th> <th width="5%" class="unsortable">یادداشت </th></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۳۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="گری, استیون"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C_(%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF)" title="استیون گری (دانشمند)">استیون گری</a></span></span></span></td> <td>برای آزمایشهای جدید الکتریکی وی: به عنوان تشویقی برای او که اغلب با کشفیاتش نشان می‌داد که برای خدمت به جامعه آمادگی دارد و پیشرفت در این بخش از دانش طبیعی</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-odnb1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odnb1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="گری, استیون"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C_(%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF)" title="استیون گری (دانشمند)">استیون گری</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «آزمایشهایی که در سال ۱۷۳۲ انجام داد.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-odnb1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odnb1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۳۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><i>جایزه‌ای داده نشد</i></td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۳۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:John_Theophilus_Desaguliers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/John_Theophilus_Desaguliers.jpg/75px-John_Theophilus_Desaguliers.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/John_Theophilus_Desaguliers.jpg/113px-John_Theophilus_Desaguliers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/John_Theophilus_Desaguliers.jpg/150px-John_Theophilus_Desaguliers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="856" data-file-height="1070" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="دزاگولیه, جان تیافیلیس"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87" title="جان تیافیلیس دزاگولیه"> جان تیافیلیس دزاگولیه</a></span></span></span></td> <td>با توجه به «چندین آزمایشی که در حضور اعضای انجمن سلطنتی انجام داد.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-odnb2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odnb2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۳۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><i>جایزه‌ای داده نشد</i></td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۳۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:John_Theophilus_Desaguliers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/John_Theophilus_Desaguliers.jpg/75px-John_Theophilus_Desaguliers.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/John_Theophilus_Desaguliers.jpg/113px-John_Theophilus_Desaguliers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/John_Theophilus_Desaguliers.jpg/150px-John_Theophilus_Desaguliers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="856" data-file-height="1070" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="دزاگولیه, جان تیافیلیس"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87" title="جان تیافیلیس دزاگولیه"> جان تیافیلیس دزاگولیه</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «آزمایشهایی که در طول سال انجام داد.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-odnb2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odnb2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۳۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Belchier_John_1706-1785.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Belchier_John_1706-1785.png/75px-Belchier_John_1706-1785.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Belchier_John_1706-1785.png/113px-Belchier_John_1706-1785.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Belchier_John_1706-1785.png/150px-Belchier_John_1706-1785.png 2x" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="482" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="بلچیر, جان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%84%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="جان بلچیر">جان بلچیر</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «آزمایشش برای نشان دادن خاصیت رژیم غذایی ریشه روناس در رنگ کردن استخوانهای حیوانات زنده به رنگ قرمز»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۳۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="والو, جیمز"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88" title="جیمز والو">جیمز والو</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «اختراع دستگاهی که تیرها را برای پایه پلی که در وست‌مینستر در حال ساخت بود حمل می‌کرد و عملاً کار آن به جامعه نشان داده شده بود.»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۳۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Stephen_Hales.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Stephen_Hales.jpg/75px-Stephen_Hales.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Stephen_Hales.jpg/113px-Stephen_Hales.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Stephen_Hales.jpg/150px-Stephen_Hales.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1360" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هلز, استیون"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%84%D8%B2" title="استیون هلز">استیون هلز</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «آزمایشهایی که برای کشف داروهایی به منظور حل کردن سنگ‌ها و نگهداری گوشت در سفرهای طولانی دریایی انجام داد.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۴۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="استوارت, الکساندر"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_(%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF)" title="الکساندر استوارت (دانشمند)">الکساندر استوارت</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «سخنرانی‌هایش در مورد حرکت ماهیچه‌ای. علاوه بر آن به خاطر خدماتش به انجمن و مراقبتش از آن و دردهایی که به خاطر این کار تحمل کرده‌است.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۴۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:John_Theophilus_Desaguliers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/John_Theophilus_Desaguliers.jpg/75px-John_Theophilus_Desaguliers.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/John_Theophilus_Desaguliers.jpg/113px-John_Theophilus_Desaguliers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/John_Theophilus_Desaguliers.jpg/150px-John_Theophilus_Desaguliers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="856" data-file-height="1070" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="دزاگولیه, جان تیافیلیس"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87" title="جان تیافیلیس دزاگولیه"> جان تیافیلیس دزاگولیه</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «آزمایشهایی که به منظور کشف خواص الکتریسیته انجام داد. به علاوه کمکی به او (به عنوان سرپرست) آنجا در همان سال»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-odnb2_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odnb2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۴۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="میدلتون, کریستوفر"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="کریستوفر میدلتون">کریستوفر میدلتون</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مکاتبه با انجمن در مورد مشاهداتش که به منظور کشف گذرگاه شمال غربی به هند شرقی از طریق خلیج هادسون انجام داده بود.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۴۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Abraham_Trembley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Abraham_Trembley.jpg/75px-Abraham_Trembley.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Abraham_Trembley.jpg/113px-Abraham_Trembley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Abraham_Trembley.jpg/150px-Abraham_Trembley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="803" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="ترمبلی, آبراهام"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C" title="آبراهام ترمبلی">آبراهام ترمبلی</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «آزمایش‌هایش در مورد سرده <a href="/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7_(%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="هیدرا (سرده)">هیدرا</a>»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۴۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:HenryBaker16981774.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/HenryBaker16981774.jpg/75px-HenryBaker16981774.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/HenryBaker16981774.jpg/113px-HenryBaker16981774.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/HenryBaker16981774.jpg/150px-HenryBaker16981774.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="314" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="بیکر, هنری"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="هنری بیکر">هنری بیکر</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «آزمایشهای کمیاب مربوط به بلوری شدن یا آرایش مولکولی ذرات بسیار ریز مواد شور حل شده در یک حلال»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۴۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:William_Watson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/William_Watson.jpg/75px-William_Watson.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/William_Watson.jpg/113px-William_Watson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/William_Watson.jpg/150px-William_Watson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="522" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="واتسون, ویلیام"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF)" title="ویلیام واتسون (دانشمند)">ویلیام واتسون</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «کشفیات شگفت‌آورش در پدیدهٔ الکترسیته که در آخرین آزمایش‌هایش به نمایش گذاشته بود.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۴۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="رابینز, بنجامین"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2" title="بنجامین رابینز">بنجامین رابینز</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «آزمایشهای کنجکاوانه‌اش در نشان دادن مقاومت هوا، و قوانین‌اش برای ایجاد دکترین خودش در مورد حرکت موشک‌ها»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۴۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Gowin_Knight_from_Science_%26_Society_10198868.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Gowin_Knight_from_Science_%26_Society_10198868.jpg/75px-Gowin_Knight_from_Science_%26_Society_10198868.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Gowin_Knight_from_Science_%26_Society_10198868.jpg/113px-Gowin_Knight_from_Science_%26_Society_10198868.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Gowin_Knight_from_Science_%26_Society_10198868.jpg/150px-Gowin_Knight_from_Science_%26_Society_10198868.jpg 2x" data-file-width="177" data-file-height="178" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="نایت, گوین"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="گوین نایت">گوین نایت</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «چندین آزمایش خیلی کمیابی که توسط او با مغناطیس طبیعی و مصنوعی انجام شد.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-cav1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cav1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۴۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:James_Bradley_by_Thomas_Hudson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/James_Bradley_by_Thomas_Hudson.jpg/75px-James_Bradley_by_Thomas_Hudson.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/James_Bradley_by_Thomas_Hudson.jpg/113px-James_Bradley_by_Thomas_Hudson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/James_Bradley_by_Thomas_Hudson.jpg/150px-James_Bradley_by_Thomas_Hudson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3004" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="بردلی, جیمز"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C" title="جیمز بردلی">جیمز بردلی</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «کشفیات بسیار کمیاب و شگفت‌انگیزش در مورد حرکت ظاهری ستاره‌های ثابت و دلایل چنین حرکت ظاهری»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۴۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:John_Harrison_Uhrmacher.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/John_Harrison_Uhrmacher.jpg/75px-John_Harrison_Uhrmacher.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/John_Harrison_Uhrmacher.jpg/113px-John_Harrison_Uhrmacher.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/John_Harrison_Uhrmacher.jpg/150px-John_Harrison_Uhrmacher.jpg 2x" data-file-width="355" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هریسون, جان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="جان هریسون">جان هریسون</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «ابزارهای بسیار نادری که توسط او برای تعیین دقیق زمان اختراع شدند.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-cav2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cav2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۵۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Edwards_George_1693_1773.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Edwards_George_1693_1773.jpg/75px-Edwards_George_1693_1773.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Edwards_George_1693_1773.jpg/113px-Edwards_George_1693_1773.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Edwards_George_1693_1773.jpg/150px-Edwards_George_1693_1773.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2661" data-file-height="3608" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="ادواردز, جرج"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B2_(%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="جرج ادواردز (طبیعی‌دان)">جرج ادواردز</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «کتاب بسیار نادر «تاریخ طبیعی پرندگان» که به تازگی توسط وی منتشر شده بود و حاوی تصاویر ۲۰۹ پرنده مختلف و حدود ۲۰ جانور چهارپا، مار، ماهی و حشره بسیار کمیاب بود که او با ظرافت نقاشی و با رنگهای مناسب آنها را تزیین کرده بود.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۵۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:John_Canton_from_NPG.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/John_Canton_from_NPG.jpg/75px-John_Canton_from_NPG.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/John_Canton_from_NPG.jpg/113px-John_Canton_from_NPG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/John_Canton_from_NPG.jpg/150px-John_Canton_from_NPG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2948" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="کانتون, جان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="جان کانتون">جان کانتون</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «ارتباط با انجمن و اجرای نمایش در برابر آن‌هااز روش ساخت کمیاب مغناطیس مصنوعی بدون استفاده از موادطبیعی»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-cav3_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cav3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۵۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:John_Pringle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/John_Pringle.jpg/75px-John_Pringle.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/John_Pringle.jpg/113px-John_Pringle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/John_Pringle.jpg/150px-John_Pringle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2210" data-file-height="2812" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="پرینگل, جان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84" title="جان پرینگل">جان پرینگل</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «آزمایشهای خیلی دقیق و مفید او و مشاهداتش در مورد مواد عفونی و ضدعفونی که در مورد آنها با انجمن مکاتبه شد.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۵۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:BenFranklinDuplessis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/BenFranklinDuplessis.jpg/75px-BenFranklinDuplessis.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/BenFranklinDuplessis.jpg/113px-BenFranklinDuplessis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/BenFranklinDuplessis.jpg/150px-BenFranklinDuplessis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2403" data-file-height="2971" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="فرانکلین, بنجامین"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="بنجامین فرانکلین">بنجامین فرانکلین</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «شرحی از آزمایش‌ها و مشاهدات کمیابش در مورد الکترسیته»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۵۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="لوئیس, ویلیام"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="ویلیام لوئیس">ویلیام لوئیس</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «آزمایشهای زیادی که روی پلاتین انجام داد، که می‌توان از روی آنها پیچیدگی طلا را کشف کرد: که کاملاً آن را کامل قصد داشت آنها را تکمیل کند، اما مجبور شد برای جلوگیری از درخواست مواد در آینده آنها را متوقف کند.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۵۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:John_Huxham1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/John_Huxham1.jpg/75px-John_Huxham1.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/John_Huxham1.jpg/113px-John_Huxham1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/John_Huxham1.jpg/150px-John_Huxham1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1086" data-file-height="1371" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هاکسهام, جان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85" title="جان هاکسهام">جان هاکسهام</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «آزمایشهای فراوان مفیدی که روی آنتیموان انجام داد و شرح یکی از آنها در برابر اعضای جامعه خوانده شده بود.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۵۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td>جایزه‌ای داده نشد</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۵۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="کاوندیش, لرد چارلز"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AF_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="لرد چارلز کاوندیش">لرد چارلز کاوندیش</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «اختراع خیلی مفید و کمیاب او در ساخت دماسنج، که بیشترین و کمترین درجه حرارت را در هر زمانی و در غیاب مشاهده‌گر نشان می‌داد.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-cav1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cav1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۵۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:John_Dollond,_by_Benjamin_Wilson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/John_Dollond%2C_by_Benjamin_Wilson.jpg/75px-John_Dollond%2C_by_Benjamin_Wilson.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/John_Dollond%2C_by_Benjamin_Wilson.jpg/113px-John_Dollond%2C_by_Benjamin_Wilson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/John_Dollond%2C_by_Benjamin_Wilson.jpg/150px-John_Dollond%2C_by_Benjamin_Wilson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="989" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="دولاند, جان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="جان دولاند">جان دولاند</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «آزمایشهای کمیاب و کشفیاتش در مورد تغییرپذیری متفاوت پرتوهای نور، که شرح آن برای انجمن فرستاده شد.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۵۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:John_Smeaton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/John_Smeaton.jpg/75px-John_Smeaton.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/John_Smeaton.jpg/113px-John_Smeaton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/John_Smeaton.jpg/150px-John_Smeaton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="797" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="اسمیتون, جان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="جان اسمیتون">جان اسمیتون</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «آزمایشهای جالب او دربارهٔ چرخهای آبی و آسیابهای بادی که به اطلاع انجمن رسیده بود. برای پژوهش تجربی‌اش در مورد قدرت آب و باد در به حرکت درآوردن آسیاب»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۶۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Benjamin_Wilson,_by_Benjamin_Wilson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Benjamin_Wilson%2C_by_Benjamin_Wilson.jpg/75px-Benjamin_Wilson%2C_by_Benjamin_Wilson.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Benjamin_Wilson%2C_by_Benjamin_Wilson.jpg/113px-Benjamin_Wilson%2C_by_Benjamin_Wilson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Benjamin_Wilson%2C_by_Benjamin_Wilson.jpg/150px-Benjamin_Wilson%2C_by_Benjamin_Wilson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1436" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="ویلسون, بنجامین"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="بنجامین ویلسون">بنجامین ویلسون</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «آزمایشهای نادرش در مورد الکترسیته که در طول سال در مورد آن با انجمن مکاتبه شد.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۶۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><i>جایزه‌ای داده نشد</i></td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۶۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><i>جایزه‌ای داده نشد</i></td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۶۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><i>جایزه‌ای داده نشد</i></td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۶۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:John_Canton_from_NPG.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/John_Canton_from_NPG.jpg/75px-John_Canton_from_NPG.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/John_Canton_from_NPG.jpg/113px-John_Canton_from_NPG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/John_Canton_from_NPG.jpg/150px-John_Canton_from_NPG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2948" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="کانتون, جان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="جان کانتون">جان کانتون</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «آزمایشهای بسیار مبتکرانه و زیبا در مورد موتور پمپ و کندانسور هوا، برای اثبات تراکم پذیری آب و برخی مایعات دیگر»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-cav3_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cav3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۶۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><i>جایزه‌ای داده نشد</i></td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۶۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Cavendish_Henry_signature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cavendish_Henry_signature.jpg/75px-Cavendish_Henry_signature.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cavendish_Henry_signature.jpg/113px-Cavendish_Henry_signature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cavendish_Henry_signature.jpg/150px-Cavendish_Henry_signature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="657" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="براون‌ریگ, ویلیام"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%AF" title="ویلیام براون‌ریگ">ویلیام براون‌ریگ</a></span></span></span>، <p><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84" title="ادوارد دلاوال">ادوارد دلاوال</a> و </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="هنری کاوندیش">هنری کاوندیش</a> </p> </td> <td>"For an experimental enquiry into the Mineral Elastic Spirit, or Air, contained in Spa-Water; as well as into the Mephitic qualities of this Spirit. (براون‌ریگ) <p>به خاطر «آزمایش‌ها و مشاهداتش در مورد ارتباط وزن مخصوص چند فلز با رنگ آنها زمان ترکیب در یک ظرف شیشه‌ای، و همین‌طور خصوصیات دیگر آنها». (دلاوال) </p><p>به خاطر «مقاله‌اش که همان سال برای انجمن فرستاد و حاوی آزمایشهای مربوط به هوای ثابت بود.» (کاوندیش) </p> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۶۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="الیس, جان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="جان الیس">جان الیس</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مقاله‌های سال ۱۷۶۷ او در مورد طبیعت جانور گیاهسانی به نام کورالینا واکتینیا سوسیاتا، یا گل‌سان زبان خوشه‌ای، که از سواحل جزایر جدیداً منتقل‌شده به انگلستان یافته بود.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۶۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="ولف, پیتر"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81" title="پیتر ولف">پیتر ولف</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «آزمایشهای او بر روی تقطیر اسیدها، آمونیاک و دیگر مواد»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۶۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:William_Hewson_b1739.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/William_Hewson_b1739.jpg/75px-William_Hewson_b1739.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/William_Hewson_b1739.jpg/113px-William_Hewson_b1739.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/William_Hewson_b1739.jpg/150px-William_Hewson_b1739.jpg 2x" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="1160" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هیوسن, ویلیام"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%86" title="ویلیام هیوسن"> ویلیام هیوسن</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «دو مقاله‌اش، تحت عناوین، سیستم لنفاوی در دوزیستان – و سیستم لنفاوی در ماهی»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۷۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Sir_William_Hamilton_by_David_Allan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sir_William_Hamilton_by_David_Allan.jpg/75px-Sir_William_Hamilton_by_David_Allan.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sir_William_Hamilton_by_David_Allan.jpg/113px-Sir_William_Hamilton_by_David_Allan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sir_William_Hamilton_by_David_Allan.jpg/150px-Sir_William_Hamilton_by_David_Allan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3116" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="همیلتون, ویلیام"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%87%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="ویلیام همیلتون (دیپلمات)">ویلیام همیلتون</a></span></span></span></td> <td>«به خاطر مقاله‌اش تحت عنوان شرحی از مسافرت به کوه اتنا»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۷۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="راپر, متیو"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%B1" title="متیو راپر">متیو راپر</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مقاله‌اش تحت عنوان پرس و جو دربارهٔ ارزش پولهای یونان باستان و روم» </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۷۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Priestley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Priestley.jpg/75px-Priestley.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Priestley.jpg/113px-Priestley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Priestley.jpg/150px-Priestley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="905" data-file-height="1099" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="پریستلی, جوزف"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%DB%8C" title="جوزف پریستلی">جوزف پریستلی</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «شرح آزمایشهای مفید فراوان و کنجکاوانه‌در مورد مشاهداتش» </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۷۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="والش, جان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4" title="جان والش">جان والش</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مقاله‌اش در مورد <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%98%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="اژدر">اژدر</a>»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۷۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td>«جایزه‌ای داده نشد»</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۷۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Maskelyne_Nevil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Maskelyne_Nevil.jpg/75px-Maskelyne_Nevil.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Maskelyne_Nevil.jpg/113px-Maskelyne_Nevil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Maskelyne_Nevil.jpg/150px-Maskelyne_Nevil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="487" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="مسکلین, نویل"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="نویل مسکلین">نویل مسکلین</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مشاهدات نادر و پرزحمتی که روی جاذبهٔ کوه‌ها در شی‌هَلین اسکاتلند انجام داده بود.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۷۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Captainjamescookportrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Captainjamescookportrait.jpg/75px-Captainjamescookportrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Captainjamescookportrait.jpg/113px-Captainjamescookportrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Captainjamescookportrait.jpg/150px-Captainjamescookportrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6131" data-file-height="7692" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="کوک, جیمز"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%A9" title="جیمز کوک">جیمز کوک</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مقاله‌اش در مورد روشی که برای حفظ سلامت کارکنان کشتی اچ‌ام در طول سفر آخرش به دور دنیا به کار برده بود، و این مسئله برای عموم مردم خیلی اهمیت داشت.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-haw_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haw-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۷۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:J.Mudge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/J.Mudge.jpg/75px-J.Mudge.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/J.Mudge.jpg/113px-J.Mudge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/J.Mudge.jpg/150px-J.Mudge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1624" data-file-height="1908" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="ماج, جان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="جان ماج">جان ماج</a></span></span></span></td> <td>"On account of his valuable Paper containing directions for making the best Composition for the metals of Reflecting Telescopes; together with a description of the process for grinding, polishing, and giving the best speculum the true parabolic form"</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۷۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Charles_Hutton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Charles_Hutton.jpg/75px-Charles_Hutton.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Charles_Hutton.jpg/113px-Charles_Hutton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Charles_Hutton.jpg/150px-Charles_Hutton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="809" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هاتون, چارلز"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="چارلز هاتون">چارلز هاتون</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مقاله‌اش با عنوان نیروی باروت آتش گرفته و سرعت اولیه توپ که با آزمایشات تعیین شده‌است.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۷۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><i>جایزه‌ای داده نشد</i></td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۸۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Samuel-Vince.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Samuel-Vince.jpg/75px-Samuel-Vince.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Samuel-Vince.jpg/113px-Samuel-Vince.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Samuel-Vince.jpg/150px-Samuel-Vince.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2287" data-file-height="2834" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="وینس, ساموئل"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%84_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3" title="ساموئل وینس">ساموئل وینس</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مقاله‌اش تحت عنوان "بررسی اصول حرکت پیشرونده و چرخشی "که در نشریه علمی <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تبادلات فلسفی در جامعه سلطنتی">تبادلات فلسفی</a> چاپ شد.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-nla_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nla-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۸۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:William_Herschel01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/William_Herschel01.jpg/75px-William_Herschel01.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/William_Herschel01.jpg/113px-William_Herschel01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/William_Herschel01.jpg/150px-William_Herschel01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2368" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هرشل, ویلیام"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%84" title="ویلیام هرشل">ویلیام هرشل</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «کشف یک ستاره جدید و منحصر به فرد،کشفی که افتخار ویژه‌ای نصیب او کرد. به احتمال زیاد، این ستاره سال‌ها و شاید قرن‌ها، در محدودۀ دید نجومی بوده و هنوز هم هست،اما از دید سخت‌کوش ترین پژوهشگران هم پنهان مانده بود.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۸۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Kirwan_Richard_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Kirwan_Richard_portrait.jpg/75px-Kirwan_Richard_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Kirwan_Richard_portrait.jpg/113px-Kirwan_Richard_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Kirwan_Richard_portrait.jpg/150px-Kirwan_Richard_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="413" data-file-height="504" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="کیروان, ریچارد"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ریچارد کیروان">ریچارد کیروان</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به عنوان «پاداشی برای قدردانی از زحمات وی در علم شیمی، و تجزیه شیمیایی نمکها»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-nla_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nla-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۸۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Goodricke_John.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Goodricke_John.jpg/75px-Goodricke_John.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Goodricke_John.jpg/113px-Goodricke_John.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Goodricke_John.jpg/150px-Goodricke_John.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="502" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="گودریک, جان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="جان گودریک">جان گودریک</a></span></span></span> و <span data-sort-value="هاچینز, توماس"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2" title="توماس هاچینز">توماس هاچینز</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «کشف دوره تغییر نور در ستارۀ رأس‌الغول. (گودریک)" <p>به خاطر « آزمایشهایی که برای تعیین نقطه انجماد جیوه انجام داد.» (هاچینز)" </p> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-nla_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nla-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۸۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Edwardwaring.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Edwardwaring.jpg/75px-Edwardwaring.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Edwardwaring.jpg/113px-Edwardwaring.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Edwardwaring.jpg/150px-Edwardwaring.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1241" data-file-height="1558" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="وارینگ, ادوارد"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="ادوارد وارینگ">ادوارد وارینگ</a></span></span></span></td> <td>"For his Mathematical Communications to the Society. For his Paper On the Summation of Series, whose general term is a determinate function of z the distance from the first term of the series"</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۸۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="روی, ویلیام"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C" title="ویلیام روی">ویلیام روی</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر « اندازه‌گیری ریشۀ تیغستان هانزلو»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۸۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><i>جایزه‌ای داده نشد</i></td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۸۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:John_Hunter_by_John_Jackson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/John_Hunter_by_John_Jackson.jpg/75px-John_Hunter_by_John_Jackson.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/John_Hunter_by_John_Jackson.jpg/113px-John_Hunter_by_John_Jackson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/John_Hunter_by_John_Jackson.jpg/150px-John_Hunter_by_John_Jackson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3073" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هانتر , جان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1_(%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD)" title="جان هانتر (جراح)">جان هانتر </a></span></span></span></td> <td>"به خاطر « سه مقاله‌اش: در مورد تخمدان، در مورد ماهیت سگ ، گرگ و گونه‌های شغال و در مورد آناتومی نهنگ‌ها که در سال ۱۷۸۷ در مجله <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تبادلات فلسفی در جامعه سلطنتی">تبادلات فلسفی</a> چاپ شد.</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۸۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Sir_Charles_Blagden_Wellcome_M0013989.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Sir_Charles_Blagden_Wellcome_M0013989.jpg/75px-Sir_Charles_Blagden_Wellcome_M0013989.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Sir_Charles_Blagden_Wellcome_M0013989.jpg/113px-Sir_Charles_Blagden_Wellcome_M0013989.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Sir_Charles_Blagden_Wellcome_M0013989.jpg/150px-Sir_Charles_Blagden_Wellcome_M0013989.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2634" data-file-height="4027" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="بلگدن, چارلز"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%AF%D9%86" title="چارلز بلگدن">چارلز بلگدن</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر « دو مقاله‌اش در مورد انجماد که در آخرین(هفتادو هشتمین) جلد مجله <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تبادلات فلسفی در جامعه سلطنتی">تبادلات فلسفی</a> چاپ شد.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۸۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Thomas_Lawrence_-_Portrait_of_William_Morgan_(1750-1833).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Thomas_Lawrence_-_Portrait_of_William_Morgan_%281750-1833%29.jpg/75px-Thomas_Lawrence_-_Portrait_of_William_Morgan_%281750-1833%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Thomas_Lawrence_-_Portrait_of_William_Morgan_%281750-1833%29.jpg/113px-Thomas_Lawrence_-_Portrait_of_William_Morgan_%281750-1833%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Thomas_Lawrence_-_Portrait_of_William_Morgan_%281750-1833%29.jpg/150px-Thomas_Lawrence_-_Portrait_of_William_Morgan_%281750-1833%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="877" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="مورگان, ویلیام"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" class="mw-redirect" title="ویلیام مورگان">ویلیام مورگان</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر « دو مقاله‌اش در مورد ارزش جهش و بقا که در دو جلد آخر مجله <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تبادلات فلسفی در جامعه سلطنتی">تبادلات فلسفی</a> چاپ شد.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۹۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><i>جایزه‌ای داده نشد</i></td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۹۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:James_Rennel.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/James_Rennel.png/75px-James_Rennel.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/James_Rennel.png/113px-James_Rennel.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/James_Rennel.png/150px-James_Rennel.png 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="541" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Jean-Andr%C3%A9_Deluc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jean-Andr%C3%A9_Deluc.jpg/75px-Jean-Andr%C3%A9_Deluc.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jean-Andr%C3%A9_Deluc.jpg/113px-Jean-Andr%C3%A9_Deluc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jean-Andr%C3%A9_Deluc.jpg/150px-Jean-Andr%C3%A9_Deluc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="855" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="رنل, جیمز"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%84" title="جیمز رنل">جیمز رنل</a></span></span></span> و <p><a href="/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ژان-آندره دولوک">ژان-آندره دولوک</a> </p> </td> <td>به خاطر«مقاله او در مورد سرعت سفرهایی که توسط شترها انجام شده است.و در آخرین (هشتاد و یکمین) جلد مجله <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تبادلات فلسفی در جامعه سلطنتی">تبادلات فلسفی</a> چاپ شد.» (رنل) <p>به خاطر «پیشرفت‌هایش در رطوبت سنجی.» (دولوک) </p> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-RoyalSocCitations_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RoyalSocCitations-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۹۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Benjamin_Thompson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Benjamin_Thompson.jpg/75px-Benjamin_Thompson.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Benjamin_Thompson.jpg/113px-Benjamin_Thompson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Benjamin_Thompson.jpg/150px-Benjamin_Thompson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="1086" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="تامسون, بنجامین"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="بنجامین تامسون">بنجامین تامسون</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر « مقالات مختلف او در مورد خواص و ارتباطات گرما»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۹۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><i>جایزه‌ای داده نشد</i></td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۹۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Volta_A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Volta_A.jpg/75px-Volta_A.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Volta_A.jpg/113px-Volta_A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Volta_A.jpg/150px-Volta_A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1896" data-file-height="1776" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="ولتا, آلساندرو"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="آلساندرو ولتا">آلساندرو ولتا</a></span></span></span></td> <td>"For his several Communications explanatory of certain Experiments published by Professor Galvani"</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-RoyalSocCitations_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RoyalSocCitations-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۹۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Jesse.Ramsden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Jesse.Ramsden.jpg/75px-Jesse.Ramsden.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Jesse.Ramsden.jpg/113px-Jesse.Ramsden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Jesse.Ramsden.jpg/150px-Jesse.Ramsden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1219" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="رمسدن, جسی"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AF%D9%86" title="جسی رمسدن">جسی رمسدن</a></span></span></span></td> <td>"For his various inventions and improvements in the construction of the Instruments for the Trigonometrical measurements carried on by the late Major General Roy, and by Lieut. Col. Williams and his associates"</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۹۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="اتوود, جورج"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF" title="جورج اتوود">جورج اتوود</a></span></span></span></td> <td>"For his Paper on the construction and analysis of geometrical propositions determining the positions assumed by homogeneal bodies which float freely, and at rest; and also determining the Stability of Ships and other floating bodies"</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۹۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><i>جایزه‌ای داده نشد</i></td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۹۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Charles_Hatchett_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Charles_Hatchett_2.jpg/75px-Charles_Hatchett_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Charles_Hatchett_2.jpg/113px-Charles_Hatchett_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Charles_Hatchett_2.jpg/150px-Charles_Hatchett_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="529" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="شاکبرگ-ایولین, جرج"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="جرج شاکبرگ-ایولین">جرج شاکبرگ-ایولین</a></span></span></span> و <p><a href="/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%86%D8%AA" title="چارلز هاچت">چارلز هاچت</a> </p> </td> <td>به خاطر «مکاتبات مختلف او با انجمن سلطنتی که در نشریه علمی <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تبادلات فلسفی در جامعه سلطنتی">تبادلات فلسفی</a> چاپ شد.» (ایولین) <p>به خاطر «مکاتبات مختلف او با انجمن سلطنتی در مورد شیمی که در نشریه علمی <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تبادلات فلسفی در جامعه سلطنتی">تبادلات فلسفی</a> چاپ شد.» (هاچت) </p> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۷۹۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هلینز, جان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2" title="جان هلینز">جان هلینز</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «راه‌حل اثبات شده‌اش برای یک مسئلهٔ مربوط به کیهان‌شناسی فیزیکی و چاپ آن در نشریه علمی <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تبادلات فلسفی در جامعه سلطنتی">تبادلات فلسفی</a> در سال ۱۸۹۸؛ و دیگر مقالات ریاضی‌اش»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۰۰</td> <td></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هاوارد, ادوارد چارلز"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="ادوارد چارلز هاوارد">ادوارد چارلز هاوارد</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مقاله‌اش در مورد جیوه قابل اشتعال جدید»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۰۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Astley_Paston_Cooper_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Astley_Paston_Cooper_4.jpg/75px-Astley_Paston_Cooper_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Astley_Paston_Cooper_4.jpg/113px-Astley_Paston_Cooper_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Astley_Paston_Cooper_4.jpg/150px-Astley_Paston_Cooper_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="984" data-file-height="1353" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="کوپر, استلی"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1" title="استلی کوپر">استلی کوپر</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مقالاتش – در مورد اثراتی که از بین رفتن پردهٔ گوش موجب آن می‌شود؛ به همراه شرحی از یک عمل جراحی برای از بین بردن گونه خاصی از ناشنوایی»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۰۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Wollaston_William_Hyde_Jackson_color.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Wollaston_William_Hyde_Jackson_color.jpg/75px-Wollaston_William_Hyde_Jackson_color.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Wollaston_William_Hyde_Jackson_color.jpg/113px-Wollaston_William_Hyde_Jackson_color.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Wollaston_William_Hyde_Jackson_color.jpg/150px-Wollaston_William_Hyde_Jackson_color.jpg 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="والستن, ویلیام هاید"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86" title="ویلیام هاید والستن">ویلیام هاید والستن</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مقالات مختلف او که در نشریه علمی <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تبادلات فلسفی در جامعه سلطنتی">تبادلات فلسفی</a> چاپ شد.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۰۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Chenevix_Richard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Chenevix_Richard.jpg/75px-Chenevix_Richard.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Chenevix_Richard.jpg/113px-Chenevix_Richard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Chenevix_Richard.jpg/150px-Chenevix_Richard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="502" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="چنویکس, ریچارد"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%DA%86%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3_(%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="ریچارد چنویکس (شیمیدان)">ریچارد چنویکس</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مقالات مختلفش در رشته شیمی که در نشریه علمی <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تبادلات فلسفی در جامعه سلطنتی">تبادلات فلسفی</a> چاپ شد.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۰۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="تنانت, اسمیتسون"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="اسمیتسون تنانت">اسمیتسون تنانت</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «کشفیات گوناگون او در زمینه شیمی که در مورد آنها با انجمن مکاتبه کرده بود و در چندین جلد نشریه علمی <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تبادلات فلسفی در جامعه سلطنتی">تبادلات فلسفی</a> چاپ شد.» </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۰۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Sir_Humphry_Davy,_Bt_by_Thomas_Phillips.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Sir_Humphry_Davy%2C_Bt_by_Thomas_Phillips.jpg/75px-Sir_Humphry_Davy%2C_Bt_by_Thomas_Phillips.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Sir_Humphry_Davy%2C_Bt_by_Thomas_Phillips.jpg/113px-Sir_Humphry_Davy%2C_Bt_by_Thomas_Phillips.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Sir_Humphry_Davy%2C_Bt_by_Thomas_Phillips.jpg/150px-Sir_Humphry_Davy%2C_Bt_by_Thomas_Phillips.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3123" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="دیوی, همفری"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C" title="همفری دیوی">همفری دیوی</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مکاتبات گوناگون او که در نشریه علمی <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تبادلات فلسفی در جامعه سلطنتی">تبادلات فلسفی</a> چاپ شد.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۰۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Thomas_Andrew_Knight_(1758%E2%80%931838).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Thomas_Andrew_Knight_%281758%E2%80%931838%29.jpg/75px-Thomas_Andrew_Knight_%281758%E2%80%931838%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Thomas_Andrew_Knight_%281758%E2%80%931838%29.jpg/113px-Thomas_Andrew_Knight_%281758%E2%80%931838%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Thomas_Andrew_Knight_%281758%E2%80%931838%29.jpg/150px-Thomas_Andrew_Knight_%281758%E2%80%931838%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1443" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="نایت, توماس اندرو"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="توماس اندرو نایت">توماس اندرو نایت</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مقالات مختلف او درمورد پوشش گیاهی که در نشریه علمی <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تبادلات فلسفی در جامعه سلطنتی">تبادلات فلسفی</a> چاپ شد.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۰۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Sir_Everard_Home_1756%E2%80%931832.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Sir_Everard_Home_1756%E2%80%931832.jpg/75px-Sir_Everard_Home_1756%E2%80%931832.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Sir_Everard_Home_1756%E2%80%931832.jpg/113px-Sir_Everard_Home_1756%E2%80%931832.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Sir_Everard_Home_1756%E2%80%931832.jpg/150px-Sir_Everard_Home_1756%E2%80%931832.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1449" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هوم, اورارد"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85" title="اورارد هوم">اورارد هوم</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مقالات مختلف او درمورد کالبدشناسی و فیزیولوژی که در نشریه علمی <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تبادلات فلسفی در جامعه سلطنتی">تبادلات فلسفی</a> چاپ شد.»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۰۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:William_Henry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/William_Henry.jpg/75px-William_Henry.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/William_Henry.jpg/113px-William_Henry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/William_Henry.jpg/150px-William_Henry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هنری, ویلیام"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_(%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="ویلیام هنری (شیمیدان)">ویلیام هنری</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مقالات مختلف او که برای جامعه سلطنتی فرستاده شده و در نشریه علمی <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تبادلات فلسفی در جامعه سلطنتی">تبادلات فلسفی</a> چاپ شد.»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۰۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Edward_Troughton.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Edward_Troughton.jpeg/75px-Edward_Troughton.jpeg" decoding="async" width="75" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Edward_Troughton.jpeg/113px-Edward_Troughton.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Edward_Troughton.jpeg/150px-Edward_Troughton.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="268" data-file-height="326" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="تروستون, ادوارد"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="ادوارد تروستون">ادوارد تروستون</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «شرحی در مورد روش او برای تقسیم وسایل نجومی که درجلد آخر نشریه علمی <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تبادلات فلسفی در جامعه سلطنتی">تبادلات فلسفی</a> چاپ شد.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۱۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><i>جایزه‌ای داده نشد</i></td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۱۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Sir_Benjamin_Collins_Brodie,_1st_Bt_1856.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Sir_Benjamin_Collins_Brodie%2C_1st_Bt_1856.jpg/75px-Sir_Benjamin_Collins_Brodie%2C_1st_Bt_1856.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Sir_Benjamin_Collins_Brodie%2C_1st_Bt_1856.jpg/113px-Sir_Benjamin_Collins_Brodie%2C_1st_Bt_1856.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Sir_Benjamin_Collins_Brodie%2C_1st_Bt_1856.jpg/150px-Sir_Benjamin_Collins_Brodie%2C_1st_Bt_1856.jpg 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="388" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="بردی, بنیامین کالینز"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" class="mw-redirect" title="بنیامین کالینز بردی، بارونت اول"> بنیامین کالینز بردی</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۱۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><i>جایزه‌ای داده نشد</i></td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۱۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:William_Thomas_Brande_1855.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/William_Thomas_Brande_1855.jpg/75px-William_Thomas_Brande_1855.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/William_Thomas_Brande_1855.jpg/113px-William_Thomas_Brande_1855.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/William_Thomas_Brande_1855.jpg/150px-William_Thomas_Brande_1855.jpg 2x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="321" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="براند, ویلیام توماس"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ویلیام توماس براند">ویلیام توماس براند</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۱۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="ایوری, جیمز"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_(%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="جیمز ایوری (ریاضیدان)">جیمز ایوری</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مشارکتهای ریاضی گوناگون او که در نشریه علمی <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تبادلات فلسفی در جامعه سلطنتی">تبادلات فلسفی</a> چاپ شد.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۱۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:David-Brewster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/David-Brewster.jpg/75px-David-Brewster.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/David-Brewster.jpg/113px-David-Brewster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/David-Brewster.jpg/150px-David-Brewster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="473" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="بروستر, دیوید"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="دیوید بروستر">دیوید بروستر</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مقاله‌اش در مورد پراش نور به وسیله انعکاس آن از اجسام شفاف که در نشریه علمی <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تبادلات فلسفی در جامعه سلطنتی">تبادلات فلسفی</a> چاپ شد.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۱۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><i>جایزه‌ای داده نشد</i></td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۱۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Henry_Kater00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Henry_Kater00.jpg/75px-Henry_Kater00.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Henry_Kater00.jpg/113px-Henry_Kater00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Henry_Kater00.jpg/150px-Henry_Kater00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="کاتر, هنری"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="هنری کاتر">هنری کاتر</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «آزمایش‌هایش روی آونگ»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۱۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Robert_Seppings_(1767-1840),_by_William_Bradley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Robert_Seppings_%281767-1840%29%2C_by_William_Bradley.jpg/75px-Robert_Seppings_%281767-1840%29%2C_by_William_Bradley.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Robert_Seppings_%281767-1840%29%2C_by_William_Bradley.jpg/113px-Robert_Seppings_%281767-1840%29%2C_by_William_Bradley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Robert_Seppings_%281767-1840%29%2C_by_William_Bradley.jpg/150px-Robert_Seppings_%281767-1840%29%2C_by_William_Bradley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="سپینگز, رابرت"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B2" title="رابرت سپینگز">رابرت سپینگز</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مقالاتش در مورد ساختمان کشتی‌های جنگی که در نشریه علمی <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تبادلات فلسفی در جامعه سلطنتی">تبادلات فلسفی</a> چاپ شد.»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۱۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><i>جایزه‌ای داده نشد</i></td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۲۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Hans_Christian_%C3%98rsted_daguerreotype.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Hans_Christian_%C3%98rsted_daguerreotype.jpg/75px-Hans_Christian_%C3%98rsted_daguerreotype.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Hans_Christian_%C3%98rsted_daguerreotype.jpg/113px-Hans_Christian_%C3%98rsted_daguerreotype.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Hans_Christian_%C3%98rsted_daguerreotype.jpg/150px-Hans_Christian_%C3%98rsted_daguerreotype.jpg 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="464" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="اورستد, هانس کریستین"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AF" title="هانس کریستین اورستد">هانس کریستین اورستد</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «اکتشافات در موردالکترو-مغناطیس»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۲۱</td> <td><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Julia_Margaret_Cameron_-_John_Herschel_(Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_copy,_restored)_levels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Julia_Margaret_Cameron_-_John_Herschel_%28Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_copy%2C_restored%29_levels.jpg/75px-Julia_Margaret_Cameron_-_John_Herschel_%28Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_copy%2C_restored%29_levels.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Julia_Margaret_Cameron_-_John_Herschel_%28Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_copy%2C_restored%29_levels.jpg/113px-Julia_Margaret_Cameron_-_John_Herschel_%28Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_copy%2C_restored%29_levels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Julia_Margaret_Cameron_-_John_Herschel_%28Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_copy%2C_restored%29_levels.jpg/150px-Julia_Margaret_Cameron_-_John_Herschel_%28Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_copy%2C_restored%29_levels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2606" data-file-height="3317" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="سابین, ادوارد"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ادوارد سابین">ادوارد سابین</a></span></span></span> و <p><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%84" title="جان هرشل">جان هرشل</a> </p> </td> <td>به خاطر «مکاتباتش با انجمن سلطنتی در مورد پژوهش‌هایی که در آخرین سفر اکتشافی به قطب شمال انجام داده بود.» (سابین) <p>به خاطر «مقالاتش که در نشریه علمی <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تبادلات فلسفی در جامعه سلطنتی">تبادلات فلسفی</a> چاپ شد.» (هرشل) </p> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-her1_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-her1-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۶۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۲۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:William_Buckland_c1845.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/William_Buckland_c1845.jpg/75px-William_Buckland_c1845.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/William_Buckland_c1845.jpg/113px-William_Buckland_c1845.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/William_Buckland_c1845.jpg/150px-William_Buckland_c1845.jpg 2x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="308" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="باکلند, ویلیام"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ویلیام باکلند">ویلیام باکلند</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مقاله‌اش در مورد فسیل دندان و استخوانهای کرکودیلی که در یک غار کشف شد.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۶۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۲۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="پاند, جان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="جان پاند">جان پاند</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مکاتبه‌های گوناگون او با انجمن سلطنتی»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۲۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="برینکلی, جان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C_(%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3)" title="جان برینکلی (ستاره‌شناس)">جان برینکلی</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مکاتبه‌های گوناگون او با انجمن سلطنتی»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۶۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۲۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Arago_Francois_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Arago_Francois_portrait.jpg/75px-Arago_Francois_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Arago_Francois_portrait.jpg/113px-Arago_Francois_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Arago_Francois_portrait.jpg/150px-Arago_Francois_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="572" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Peter_Barlow(math).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Peter_Barlow%28math%29.jpg/75px-Peter_Barlow%28math%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Peter_Barlow%28math%29.jpg/113px-Peter_Barlow%28math%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Peter_Barlow%28math%29.jpg/150px-Peter_Barlow%28math%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="346" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="آراگو, فرانسوا"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%88" title="فرانسوا آراگو">فرانسوا آراگو</a></span></span></span> و <span data-sort-value="بارلو , پیتر"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88_(%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="پیتر بارلو (ریاضیدان)"> پیتر بارلو </a></span></span></span></td> <td>"For the Discovery of the Magnetic Properties of substances not containing Iron. For the Discovery of the power of various bodies, principally metallic, to receive magnetic impressions, in the same, though in a more evanescent manner than malleable Iron, and in an infinitely less intense degree. (Arago)" <p>"For his various Communications on the subject of Magnetism. (Barlow)" </p> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۶۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۲۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="ساوت, جیمز"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA" title="جیمز ساوت">جیمز ساوت</a></span></span></span></td> <td>"For his observations of Double Stars, and his Paper on the Discordances between the Suns observed and computed Right Ascensions, published in the Transactions of the Society. For his Paper of Observations of the Apparent Distances and Positions of Four Hundred and Fifty-eight Double and Triple Stars, published in the present volume (1826, Part 1.) of the Transactions"</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۶۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۲۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Prout_William_painting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Prout_William_painting.jpg/75px-Prout_William_painting.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Prout_William_painting.jpg/113px-Prout_William_painting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Prout_William_painting.jpg/150px-Prout_William_painting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="پرووت, ویلیام"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AA" title="ویلیام پرووت">ویلیام پرووت</a></span></span></span> و <p><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="هنری">فوستر</a> </p> </td> <td>"For his Paper entitled, On the ultimate Composition of simple alimentary substances, with some preliminary remarks on the analysis of organized bodies in general. (Prout)" <p>"For his magnetic and other observations made during the Arctic expedition to Port Bowen. (Foster)" </p> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۶۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۲۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><i>جایزه‌ای داده نشد</i></td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۲۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><i>جایزه‌ای داده نشد</i></td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۳۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><i>جایزه‌ای داده نشد</i></td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۳۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:George_Biddell_Airy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/George_Biddell_Airy.jpg/75px-George_Biddell_Airy.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/George_Biddell_Airy.jpg/113px-George_Biddell_Airy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/George_Biddell_Airy.jpg/150px-George_Biddell_Airy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="886" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="ایری, جورج بیدل"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%84_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="جورج بیدل ایری">جورج بیدل ایری</a></span></span></span></td> <td>"For his Papers, On the principle of the construction of the Achromatic Eye-pieces of Telescopes, – On the Spherical Aberration of the Eye-pieces of Telescopes, and for other Papers on Optical Subjects in the Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society"</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۶۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۳۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Faraday-Millikan-Gale-1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Faraday-Millikan-Gale-1913.jpg/75px-Faraday-Millikan-Gale-1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Faraday-Millikan-Gale-1913.jpg/113px-Faraday-Millikan-Gale-1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Faraday-Millikan-Gale-1913.jpg/150px-Faraday-Millikan-Gale-1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="1880" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Simeon_Poisson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Simeon_Poisson.jpg/75px-Simeon_Poisson.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Simeon_Poisson.jpg/113px-Simeon_Poisson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Simeon_Poisson.jpg/150px-Simeon_Poisson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1173" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="فارادی, مایکل"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="مایکل فارادی">مایکل فارادی</a></span></span></span> و <a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="سیمون دنی پواسون">سیمون دنی پواسون</a></td> <td>"For his discovery of Magneto-Electricity as detailed in his Experimental Researches in Electricity, published in the Philosophical Transactions for the present year. (Faraday)" <p>"For his work entitled, Nouvelle Theorie de lAction Capillaire. (Poisson)" </p> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۶۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۳۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><i>جایزه‌ای داده نشد</i></td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۳۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Giovanni_Plana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Giovanni_Plana.jpg/75px-Giovanni_Plana.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Giovanni_Plana.jpg/113px-Giovanni_Plana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Giovanni_Plana.jpg/150px-Giovanni_Plana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="326" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="آمدمئو پلانا, جیووانی آنتونیو"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A6%D9%88_%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="جیووانی آنتونیو آمدمئو پلانا"> جیووانی آنتونیو آمدمئو پلانا</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر مقاله‌اش با عنوان «نظریه حرکت ماه»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۶۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۳۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هریس, ویلیام اسنو"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88_%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="ویلیام اسنو هریس">ویلیام اسنو هریس</a></span></span></span></td> <td>"For his experimental investigations of the force of electricity of high intensity contained in the Philosophical Transactions of 1834"</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۳۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius.jpg/75px-J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius.jpg/113px-J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius.jpg/150px-J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="برسلیوس, یاکوب"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="یاکوب برسلیوس">یاکوب برسلیوس</a></span></span></span> و <span data-sort-value="کیهرنان, فرانسیس"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فرانسیس کیهرنان">فرانسیس کیهرنان</a></span></span></span></td> <td>"For his systematic application of the doctrine of definite proportions to the analysis of mineral bodies, as contained in his Nouveau Systeme de Mineralogie, and in other of his works. (برسلیوس)" <p>"For his discoveries relating to the structure of the liver, as detailed in his paper communicated to the Royal Society, and published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1833. (کیهرنان)" </p> </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۳۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Antoine_Becquerel_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Antoine_Becquerel_2.jpg/75px-Antoine_Becquerel_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Antoine_Becquerel_2.jpg/113px-Antoine_Becquerel_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Antoine_Becquerel_2.jpg/150px-Antoine_Becquerel_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="292" data-file-height="466" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Daniell_chemist_b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Daniell_chemist_b.jpg/75px-Daniell_chemist_b.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Daniell_chemist_b.jpg/113px-Daniell_chemist_b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Daniell_chemist_b.jpg/150px-Daniell_chemist_b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="299" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="بکرل, آنتوان سزار"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%84" title="آنتوان سزار بکرل">آنتوان سزار بکرل</a></span></span></span> و <p><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84" title="جان فردریک دانیل">جان فردریک دانیل</a> </p> </td> <td>"For his various memoirs on the subject of electricity, published in the Memoires deacademie Royale des Sciences de lInstitut de France, and particularly for those on the production of crystals of metallic sulphurets and of sulphur, by the long-continued action of electricity of very low tension, and published in the tenth volume of those Memoires. (Becquerel)" <p>"For his two papers on voltaic combinations published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1836. (Daniell)" </p> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۶۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۳۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Carl_Friedrich_Gauss.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss.jpg/75px-Carl_Friedrich_Gauss.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss.jpg/113px-Carl_Friedrich_Gauss.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss.jpg/150px-Carl_Friedrich_Gauss.jpg 2x" data-file-width="917" data-file-height="1180" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Faraday-Millikan-Gale-1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Faraday-Millikan-Gale-1913.jpg/75px-Faraday-Millikan-Gale-1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Faraday-Millikan-Gale-1913.jpg/113px-Faraday-Millikan-Gale-1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Faraday-Millikan-Gale-1913.jpg/150px-Faraday-Millikan-Gale-1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="1880" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="گاوس, کارل فریدریش"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" title="کارل فریدریش گاوس">کارل فریدریش گاوس</a></span></span></span> <p>و <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="مایکل فارادی">مایکل فارادی</a> </p> </td> <td>به خاطر «اختراعات و پژوهشهای ریاضی او در مورد مغناطیس.» (گاوس)» <p>به خاطر «پژوهشهای ویژه در القاء الکتریکی». (فارادی)» </p> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۷۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۳۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Robert_Brown_(botanist).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Robert_Brown_%28botanist%29.jpg/75px-Robert_Brown_%28botanist%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Robert_Brown_%28botanist%29.jpg/113px-Robert_Brown_%28botanist%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Robert_Brown_%28botanist%29.jpg/150px-Robert_Brown_%28botanist%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="571" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="براون, رابرت"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86_(%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3)" title="رابرت براون (گیاه‌شناس)">رابرت براون</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «اکتشافات وی با موضوع بارورسازی سبزیجات طی چند سال» =</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۷۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۴۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Justus_von_Liebig_NIH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Justus_von_Liebig_NIH.jpg/75px-Justus_von_Liebig_NIH.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Justus_von_Liebig_NIH.jpg/113px-Justus_von_Liebig_NIH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Justus_von_Liebig_NIH.jpg/150px-Justus_von_Liebig_NIH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1096" data-file-height="1401" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Charles_Sturm.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Charles_Sturm.jpeg/75px-Charles_Sturm.jpeg" decoding="async" width="75" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Charles_Sturm.jpeg/113px-Charles_Sturm.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Charles_Sturm.jpeg/150px-Charles_Sturm.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="326" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="فون لیبیش, یوستوس"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="یوستوس فون لیبیش">یوستوس فون لیبیش</a></span></span></span> و <p><a href="/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%DA%A9_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85" title="ژاک شارل فرانسوا استورم">ژاک شارل فرانسوا استورم</a> </p> </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۷۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۷۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۴۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Georg_Simon_Ohm3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Georg_Simon_Ohm3.jpg/75px-Georg_Simon_Ohm3.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Georg_Simon_Ohm3.jpg/113px-Georg_Simon_Ohm3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Georg_Simon_Ohm3.jpg/150px-Georg_Simon_Ohm3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="426" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="اهم, گئورگ زیمون"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85" title="گئورگ زیمون اهم">گئورگ زیمون اهم</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۷۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۴۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:James_MacCullagh.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/James_MacCullagh.png/75px-James_MacCullagh.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/James_MacCullagh.png/113px-James_MacCullagh.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/James_MacCullagh.png/150px-James_MacCullagh.png 2x" data-file-width="269" data-file-height="326" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="مک کاللا, جیمز"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%85%DA%A9_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7" title="جیمز مک کاللا">جیمز مک کاللا</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۷۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۴۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Jean_Baptiste_Andr%C3%A9_Dumas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Jean_Baptiste_Andr%C3%A9_Dumas.jpg/75px-Jean_Baptiste_Andr%C3%A9_Dumas.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Jean_Baptiste_Andr%C3%A9_Dumas.jpg/113px-Jean_Baptiste_Andr%C3%A9_Dumas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Jean_Baptiste_Andr%C3%A9_Dumas.jpg/150px-Jean_Baptiste_Andr%C3%A9_Dumas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1088" data-file-height="1340" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="دوما, ژان-بتیست"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="ژان-بتیست دوما">ژان-بتیست دوما</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۴۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Carlo_Matteucci.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Carlo_Matteucci.jpeg/75px-Carlo_Matteucci.jpeg" decoding="async" width="75" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Carlo_Matteucci.jpeg/113px-Carlo_Matteucci.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Carlo_Matteucci.jpeg/150px-Carlo_Matteucci.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="162" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="ماتئوچی, کارلو"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A6%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C" title="کارلو ماتئوچی">کارلو ماتئوچی</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «پژوهشهای مختلف وی در زمینه الکترسیتهٔ حیوانات»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۷۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۴۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Theodor_Schwann_Litho.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Theodor_Schwann_Litho.jpg/75px-Theodor_Schwann_Litho.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Theodor_Schwann_Litho.jpg/113px-Theodor_Schwann_Litho.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Theodor_Schwann_Litho.jpg/150px-Theodor_Schwann_Litho.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="1695" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="شوان, تئودور"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تئودور شوان">تئودور شوان</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۴۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Urbain_Le_Verrier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Urbain_Le_Verrier.jpg/75px-Urbain_Le_Verrier.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Urbain_Le_Verrier.jpg/113px-Urbain_Le_Verrier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Urbain_Le_Verrier.jpg/150px-Urbain_Le_Verrier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="669" data-file-height="851" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="لو وریه, اوربن"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87" title="اوربن لو وریه">اوربن لو وریه</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۷۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۴۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Julia_Margaret_Cameron_-_John_Herschel_(Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_copy,_restored).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Julia_Margaret_Cameron_-_John_Herschel_%28Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_copy%2C_restored%29.jpg/75px-Julia_Margaret_Cameron_-_John_Herschel_%28Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_copy%2C_restored%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Julia_Margaret_Cameron_-_John_Herschel_%28Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_copy%2C_restored%29.jpg/113px-Julia_Margaret_Cameron_-_John_Herschel_%28Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_copy%2C_restored%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Julia_Margaret_Cameron_-_John_Herschel_%28Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_copy%2C_restored%29.jpg/150px-Julia_Margaret_Cameron_-_John_Herschel_%28Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_copy%2C_restored%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2873" data-file-height="3690" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هرشل, جان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%84" title="جان هرشل">جان هرشل</a></span></span></span></td> <td>"For his work entitled Results of Astronomical Observations made during the years 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837 and 1838, at the Cape of Good Hope; being a completion of a telescopic survey of the whole surface of the visible heavens, commenced in 1825"</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-her1_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-her1-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۶۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۴۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:John_Couch_Adams.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/John_Couch_Adams.jpg/75px-John_Couch_Adams.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/John_Couch_Adams.jpg/113px-John_Couch_Adams.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/John_Couch_Adams.jpg/150px-John_Couch_Adams.jpg 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="326" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="آدامز, جان کاوچ"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%86_%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B2" title="جان کاوچ آدامز">جان کاوچ آدامز</a></span></span></span></td> <td>"For his investigations relative to the disturbances of Uranus, and for his application of the inverse problem of perturbations thereto"</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۷۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۴۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Murchison_Roderick.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Murchison_Roderick.jpg/75px-Murchison_Roderick.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Murchison_Roderick.jpg/113px-Murchison_Roderick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Murchison_Roderick.jpg/150px-Murchison_Roderick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="420" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="مورچیسون, رودریک"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="رودریک مورچیسون">رودریک مورچیسون</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۵۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:P.A.Hansen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/P.A.Hansen.jpg/75px-P.A.Hansen.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/P.A.Hansen.jpg/113px-P.A.Hansen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/P.A.Hansen.jpg/150px-P.A.Hansen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1193" data-file-height="1896" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هانسن, پیتر اندریاس"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86" class="mw-redirect" title="پیتر اندریاس هانسن">پیتر اندریاس هانسن</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «پژوهش‌هایش در کیهان‌شناسی فیزیکی»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۵۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Richard-owen2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Richard-owen2.jpg/75px-Richard-owen2.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Richard-owen2.jpg/113px-Richard-owen2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Richard-owen2.jpg/150px-Richard-owen2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="885" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="اوون, ریچارد"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="ریچارد اوون">ریچارد اوون</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۷۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۵۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:AvHumboldt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/AvHumboldt.jpg/75px-AvHumboldt.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/AvHumboldt.jpg/113px-AvHumboldt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/AvHumboldt.jpg/150px-AvHumboldt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="345" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="فون هومبولت, الکساندر"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA" title="الکساندر فون هومبولت">الکساندر فون هومبولت</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۸۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۵۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Heinrich_Wilhelm_Dove_1857.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Heinrich_Wilhelm_Dove_1857.jpg/75px-Heinrich_Wilhelm_Dove_1857.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Heinrich_Wilhelm_Dove_1857.jpg/113px-Heinrich_Wilhelm_Dove_1857.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Heinrich_Wilhelm_Dove_1857.jpg/150px-Heinrich_Wilhelm_Dove_1857.jpg 2x" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="1092" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="دووه, هاینریش ویلهلم"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%D9%87" title="هاینریش ویلهلم دووه">هاینریش ویلهلم دووه</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «کارش روی توزیع گرما در سطح زمین»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۵۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Johannes_Peter_M%C3%BCller.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Johannes_Peter_M%C3%BCller.jpg/75px-Johannes_Peter_M%C3%BCller.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Johannes_Peter_M%C3%BCller.jpg/113px-Johannes_Peter_M%C3%BCller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Johannes_Peter_M%C3%BCller.jpg/150px-Johannes_Peter_M%C3%BCller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="978" data-file-height="1298" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="مولر, یوهانس پتر"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B1" title="یوهانس پتر مولر">یوهانس پتر مولر</a></span></span></span></td> <td>"For his important contributions to different branches of physiology and comparative anatomy, and particularly for his researches on the embryology of the Echinodermata, contained in a series of memoirs published in the Transactions of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Berlin"</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۸۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۵۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Foucault.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Foucault.jpg/75px-Foucault.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Foucault.jpg/113px-Foucault.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Foucault.jpg/150px-Foucault.jpg 2x" data-file-width="961" data-file-height="1228" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="فوکو, لئون"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88" title="لئون فوکو">لئون فوکو</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «پژوهشهای گوناگونش در فیزیک تجربی»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۵۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Henri_Milne-Edwards.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Henri_Milne-Edwards.jpg/75px-Henri_Milne-Edwards.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Henri_Milne-Edwards.jpg/113px-Henri_Milne-Edwards.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Henri_Milne-Edwards.jpg/150px-Henri_Milne-Edwards.jpg 2x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="623" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="ادواردز, هنری میلن"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B2" title="هنری میلن ادواردز">هنری میلن ادواردز</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «پژوهشهای گوناگونش در کالبدشکافی مقایسه‌ای و جانورشناسی»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۵۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Michel_Eug%C3%A8ne_Chevreul_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Michel_Eug%C3%A8ne_Chevreul_2.jpg/75px-Michel_Eug%C3%A8ne_Chevreul_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Michel_Eug%C3%A8ne_Chevreul_2.jpg/113px-Michel_Eug%C3%A8ne_Chevreul_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Michel_Eug%C3%A8ne_Chevreul_2.jpg/150px-Michel_Eug%C3%A8ne_Chevreul_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1291" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="شورول, میشل اوژن"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%98%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84" title="میشل اوژن شورول">میشل اوژن شورول</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od_52-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۵۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Charles_Lyell00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Charles_Lyell00.jpg/75px-Charles_Lyell00.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Charles_Lyell00.jpg/113px-Charles_Lyell00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Charles_Lyell00.jpg/150px-Charles_Lyell00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="999" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="لایل, چارلز"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="چارلز لایل">چارلز لایل</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od_52-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۵۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Wilhelm_Eduard_Weber_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Wilhelm_Eduard_Weber_II.jpg/75px-Wilhelm_Eduard_Weber_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Wilhelm_Eduard_Weber_II.jpg/113px-Wilhelm_Eduard_Weber_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Wilhelm_Eduard_Weber_II.jpg/150px-Wilhelm_Eduard_Weber_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="وبر, ویلهلم ادوارد"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="ویلهلم ادوارد وبر">ویلهلم ادوارد وبر</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۸۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۶۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Robert_Bunsen_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Robert_Bunsen_02.jpg/75px-Robert_Bunsen_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Robert_Bunsen_02.jpg/113px-Robert_Bunsen_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Robert_Bunsen_02.jpg/150px-Robert_Bunsen_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1732" data-file-height="2227" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="بونزن, روبرت"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%86" title="روبرت بونزن">روبرت بونزن</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od_52-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۶۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Louis_Agassiz_H6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Louis_Agassiz_H6.jpg/75px-Louis_Agassiz_H6.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Louis_Agassiz_H6.jpg/113px-Louis_Agassiz_H6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Louis_Agassiz_H6.jpg/150px-Louis_Agassiz_H6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3952" data-file-height="5080" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="آگاسی, لویی"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A2%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="لویی آگاسی">لویی آگاسی</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od_52-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۶۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Thomas_Graham_by_Maull_%26_Polybank,_1856.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Thomas_Graham_by_Maull_%26_Polybank%2C_1856.jpg/75px-Thomas_Graham_by_Maull_%26_Polybank%2C_1856.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Thomas_Graham_by_Maull_%26_Polybank%2C_1856.jpg/113px-Thomas_Graham_by_Maull_%26_Polybank%2C_1856.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Thomas_Graham_by_Maull_%26_Polybank%2C_1856.jpg/150px-Thomas_Graham_by_Maull_%26_Polybank%2C_1856.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2239" data-file-height="2738" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="گراهام, توماس"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85" title="توماس گراهام">توماس گراهام</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۸۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۶۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Adam_Sedgwick.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Adam_Sedgwick.jpg/75px-Adam_Sedgwick.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Adam_Sedgwick.jpg/113px-Adam_Sedgwick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Adam_Sedgwick.jpg/150px-Adam_Sedgwick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="409" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="سجویک, آدام"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B3%D8%AC%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="آدام سجویک">آدام سجویک</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۸۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۶۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg/75px-Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg/113px-Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg/150px-Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2370" data-file-height="3119" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="داروین, چارلز"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چارلز داروین">چارلز داروین</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «پژوهشهای مهمش در زمین‌شناسی، جانورشناسی و فیزیولوژی گیاهی»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od_52-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۶۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Michel_Chasles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Michel_Chasles.jpg/75px-Michel_Chasles.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Michel_Chasles.jpg/113px-Michel_Chasles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Michel_Chasles.jpg/150px-Michel_Chasles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="890" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="شال, میشل"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%84_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%84" title="میشل شال">میشل شال</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «پژوهشهای تاریخی و اصیلش در هندسه محض»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۸۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۶۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Julius_Pl%C3%BCcker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Julius_Pl%C3%BCcker.jpg/75px-Julius_Pl%C3%BCcker.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Julius_Pl%C3%BCcker.jpg/113px-Julius_Pl%C3%BCcker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Julius_Pl%C3%BCcker.jpg/150px-Julius_Pl%C3%BCcker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="728" data-file-height="909" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="پلوکر, یولیوس"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="یولیوس پلوکر">یولیوس پلوکر</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۸۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۶۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Voyages_de_la_Commission_scientifique_du_Nord,_en_Scandinavie,_en_Laponie,_au_Spitzberg_et_aux_Fer%C3%B6e_-_no-nb_digibok_2009040211001-118.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Voyages_de_la_Commission_scientifique_du_Nord%2C_en_Scandinavie%2C_en_Laponie%2C_au_Spitzberg_et_aux_Fer%C3%B6e_-_no-nb_digibok_2009040211001-118.jpg/75px-Voyages_de_la_Commission_scientifique_du_Nord%2C_en_Scandinavie%2C_en_Laponie%2C_au_Spitzberg_et_aux_Fer%C3%B6e_-_no-nb_digibok_2009040211001-118.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Voyages_de_la_Commission_scientifique_du_Nord%2C_en_Scandinavie%2C_en_Laponie%2C_au_Spitzberg_et_aux_Fer%C3%B6e_-_no-nb_digibok_2009040211001-118.jpg/113px-Voyages_de_la_Commission_scientifique_du_Nord%2C_en_Scandinavie%2C_en_Laponie%2C_au_Spitzberg_et_aux_Fer%C3%B6e_-_no-nb_digibok_2009040211001-118.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Voyages_de_la_Commission_scientifique_du_Nord%2C_en_Scandinavie%2C_en_Laponie%2C_au_Spitzberg_et_aux_Fer%C3%B6e_-_no-nb_digibok_2009040211001-118.jpg/150px-Voyages_de_la_Commission_scientifique_du_Nord%2C_en_Scandinavie%2C_en_Laponie%2C_au_Spitzberg_et_aux_Fer%C3%B6e_-_no-nb_digibok_2009040211001-118.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="4218" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="فون بائر , کارل ارنست"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1" title="کارل ارنست فون بائر">کارل ارنست فون بائر </a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od_52-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۶۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Wheatstone_Charles_drawing_1868.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Wheatstone_Charles_drawing_1868.jpg/75px-Wheatstone_Charles_drawing_1868.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Wheatstone_Charles_drawing_1868.jpg/113px-Wheatstone_Charles_drawing_1868.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Wheatstone_Charles_drawing_1868.jpg/150px-Wheatstone_Charles_drawing_1868.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1086" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="ویتستون, چارلز"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="چارلز ویتستون">چارلز ویتستون</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od_52-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۶۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Henri_Victor_Regnault.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Henri_Victor_Regnault.jpg/75px-Henri_Victor_Regnault.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Henri_Victor_Regnault.jpg/113px-Henri_Victor_Regnault.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Henri_Victor_Regnault.jpg/150px-Henri_Victor_Regnault.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1217" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="رگنولت, آنری ویکتور"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA" title="آنری ویکتور رگنولت">آنری ویکتور رگنولت</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od_52-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۷۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Joule_James_sitting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Joule_James_sitting.jpg/75px-Joule_James_sitting.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Joule_James_sitting.jpg/113px-Joule_James_sitting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Joule_James_sitting.jpg/150px-Joule_James_sitting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1907" data-file-height="2524" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="ژول, جیمز"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%DA%98%D9%88%D9%84" class="mw-redirect" title="جیمز ژول">جیمز ژول</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od_52-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۷۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Julius_Robert_Mayer_von_Friedrich_Berrer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Julius_Robert_Mayer_von_Friedrich_Berrer.jpg/75px-Julius_Robert_Mayer_von_Friedrich_Berrer.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Julius_Robert_Mayer_von_Friedrich_Berrer.jpg/113px-Julius_Robert_Mayer_von_Friedrich_Berrer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Julius_Robert_Mayer_von_Friedrich_Berrer.jpg/150px-Julius_Robert_Mayer_von_Friedrich_Berrer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="فون مایر, یولیوس روبرت"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="یولیوس روبرت فون مایر">یولیوس روبرت فون مایر</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od_52-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۷۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler_Stich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler_Stich.jpg/75px-Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler_Stich.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler_Stich.jpg/113px-Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler_Stich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler_Stich.jpg/150px-Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler_Stich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="1158" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="وولر, فریدریش"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="فریدریش وولر">فریدریش وولر</a></span></span></span></td> <td>"For his numerous contributions to the science of chemistry, and more especially for his researches on the products of the decomposition of cyanogens by ammonia; on the derivatives of uric acid; on the benzoyl series; on boron, silicon, & their compounds; and on meteoric stones"</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od_52-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۷۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Hermann_von_Helmholtz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Hermann_von_Helmholtz.jpg/75px-Hermann_von_Helmholtz.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Hermann_von_Helmholtz.jpg/113px-Hermann_von_Helmholtz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Hermann_von_Helmholtz.jpg/150px-Hermann_von_Helmholtz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="440" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="فون هلمهولتز, هرمان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="هرمان فون هلمهولتز">هرمان فون هلمهولتز</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «پژوهش‌هایش در زمینه فیزیک و فیزیولوژی»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۸۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۷۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Louis_Pasteur,_foto_av_Paul_Nadar,_Crisco_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Louis_Pasteur%2C_foto_av_Paul_Nadar%2C_Crisco_edit.jpg/75px-Louis_Pasteur%2C_foto_av_Paul_Nadar%2C_Crisco_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Louis_Pasteur%2C_foto_av_Paul_Nadar%2C_Crisco_edit.jpg/113px-Louis_Pasteur%2C_foto_av_Paul_Nadar%2C_Crisco_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Louis_Pasteur%2C_foto_av_Paul_Nadar%2C_Crisco_edit.jpg/150px-Louis_Pasteur%2C_foto_av_Paul_Nadar%2C_Crisco_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2388" data-file-height="3292" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="پاستور, لویی"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لویی پاستور">لویی پاستور</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «پژوهش‌هایش در مورد تخمیر و پوست»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od_52-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۷۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Hoffman_August_Wilhelm_von.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Hoffman_August_Wilhelm_von.jpg/75px-Hoffman_August_Wilhelm_von.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Hoffman_August_Wilhelm_von.jpg/113px-Hoffman_August_Wilhelm_von.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Hoffman_August_Wilhelm_von.jpg/150px-Hoffman_August_Wilhelm_von.jpg 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="381" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="فون هفمان, آوگوست ویلهلم"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%81%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آوگوست ویلهلم فون هفمان">آوگوست ویلهلم فون هفمان</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۸۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۷۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Claude_Bernard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Claude_Bernard.jpg/75px-Claude_Bernard.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Claude_Bernard.jpg/113px-Claude_Bernard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Claude_Bernard.jpg/150px-Claude_Bernard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="679" data-file-height="979" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="برنارد, کلود"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="کلود برنارد">کلود برنارد</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مشارکتهای بی‌شمارش در علم فیزیولوژی»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od_52-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۷۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:James_Dwight_Dana_by_Warren,_1865.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/James_Dwight_Dana_by_Warren%2C_1865.jpg/75px-James_Dwight_Dana_by_Warren%2C_1865.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/James_Dwight_Dana_by_Warren%2C_1865.jpg/113px-James_Dwight_Dana_by_Warren%2C_1865.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/James_Dwight_Dana_by_Warren%2C_1865.jpg/150px-James_Dwight_Dana_by_Warren%2C_1865.jpg 2x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="485" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="دانا, جیمز دوایت"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="جیمز دوایت دانا">جیمز دوایت دانا</a></span></span></span></td> <td>"For his biological, geological, and mineralogical investigations, carried on through half a century, and for the valuable works in which his conclusions and discoveries have been published"</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od_52-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۷۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Jean_Baptiste_JD_Boussingault.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Jean_Baptiste_JD_Boussingault.jpg/75px-Jean_Baptiste_JD_Boussingault.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Jean_Baptiste_JD_Boussingault.jpg/113px-Jean_Baptiste_JD_Boussingault.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Jean_Baptiste_JD_Boussingault.jpg/150px-Jean_Baptiste_JD_Boussingault.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1179" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="بوسانگو, ژان-بتیست"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88" title="ژان-بتیست بوسانگو">ژان-بتیست بوسانگو</a></span></span></span></td> <td>"For his long-continued and important researches and discoveries in agricultural chemistry"</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۸۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۷۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Clausius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Clausius.jpg/75px-Clausius.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Clausius.jpg/113px-Clausius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Clausius.jpg/150px-Clausius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="326" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="کلاوزیوس, رودلف"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%81_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="رودلف کلاوزیوس">رودلف کلاوزیوس</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۹۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۸۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:James_Joseph_Sylvester.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/James_Joseph_Sylvester.jpg/75px-James_Joseph_Sylvester.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/James_Joseph_Sylvester.jpg/113px-James_Joseph_Sylvester.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/James_Joseph_Sylvester.jpg/150px-James_Joseph_Sylvester.jpg 2x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="سیلوستر, جیمز جوزف"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="جیمز جوزف سیلوستر">جیمز جوزف سیلوستر</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۹۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۸۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Charles-Adolphe_Wurtz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Charles-Adolphe_Wurtz.jpg/75px-Charles-Adolphe_Wurtz.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Charles-Adolphe_Wurtz.jpg/113px-Charles-Adolphe_Wurtz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Charles-Adolphe_Wurtz.jpg/150px-Charles-Adolphe_Wurtz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="377" data-file-height="496" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="ورتز, چارلز-آدولف"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2-%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="چارلز-آدولف ورتز">چارلز-آدولف ورتز</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۸۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Arthur_Cayley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Arthur_Cayley.jpg/75px-Arthur_Cayley.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Arthur_Cayley.jpg/113px-Arthur_Cayley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Arthur_Cayley.jpg/150px-Arthur_Cayley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="892" data-file-height="1352" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="کیلی, آرتور"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="آرتور کیلی">آرتور کیلی</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۹۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۸۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Lord_Kelvin_photograph.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Lord_Kelvin_photograph.jpg/75px-Lord_Kelvin_photograph.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Lord_Kelvin_photograph.jpg/113px-Lord_Kelvin_photograph.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Lord_Kelvin_photograph.jpg/150px-Lord_Kelvin_photograph.jpg 2x" data-file-width="939" data-file-height="1176" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="تامسون, ویلیام"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="ویلیام تامسون">ویلیام تامسون</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۹۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۸۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Carl_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Ludwig.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Carl_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Ludwig.jpg/75px-Carl_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Ludwig.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Carl_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Ludwig.jpg/113px-Carl_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Ludwig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Carl_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Ludwig.jpg/150px-Carl_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Ludwig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="471" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="لودویگ, کارل"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%AF" title="کارل لودویگ">کارل لودویگ</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۸۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Frkekul%C3%A9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Frkekul%C3%A9.jpg/75px-Frkekul%C3%A9.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Frkekul%C3%A9.jpg/113px-Frkekul%C3%A9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Frkekul%C3%A9.jpg/150px-Frkekul%C3%A9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="1234" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="ککوله, فریدریش آوگوست"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A2%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA_%DA%A9%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87" class="mw-redirect" title="فریدریش آوگوست ککوله">فریدریش آوگوست ککوله</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od_52-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۸۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Franz_Ernst_Neumann_by_Carl_Steffeck_1886.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Franz_Ernst_Neumann_by_Carl_Steffeck_1886.jpg/75px-Franz_Ernst_Neumann_by_Carl_Steffeck_1886.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Franz_Ernst_Neumann_by_Carl_Steffeck_1886.jpg/113px-Franz_Ernst_Neumann_by_Carl_Steffeck_1886.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Franz_Ernst_Neumann_by_Carl_Steffeck_1886.jpg/150px-Franz_Ernst_Neumann_by_Carl_Steffeck_1886.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1654" data-file-height="2035" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="نویمان, فرانتس ارنست"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فرانتس ارنست نویمان">فرانتس ارنست نویمان</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۹۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۸۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Sir_Joseph_Dalton_Hooker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Sir_Joseph_Dalton_Hooker.jpg/75px-Sir_Joseph_Dalton_Hooker.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Sir_Joseph_Dalton_Hooker.jpg/113px-Sir_Joseph_Dalton_Hooker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Sir_Joseph_Dalton_Hooker.jpg/150px-Sir_Joseph_Dalton_Hooker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="429" data-file-height="612" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هوکر , جوزف دالتون"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="جوزف دالتون هوکر">جوزف دالتون هوکر </a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od_52-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۸۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:T.H.Huxley(Woodburytype).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/T.H.Huxley%28Woodburytype%29.jpg/75px-T.H.Huxley%28Woodburytype%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/T.H.Huxley%28Woodburytype%29.jpg/113px-T.H.Huxley%28Woodburytype%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/T.H.Huxley%28Woodburytype%29.jpg/150px-T.H.Huxley%28Woodburytype%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="241" data-file-height="316" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هاکسلی, توماس هنری"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C" title="توماس هنری هاکسلی">توماس هنری هاکسلی</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od_52-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۸۹</td> <td></td> <td><span data-sort-value="سالمون, جورج"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86" title="جورج سالمون">جورج سالمون</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۹۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۹۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Simon_Newcomb_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Simon_Newcomb_01.jpg/75px-Simon_Newcomb_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Simon_Newcomb_01.jpg/113px-Simon_Newcomb_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Simon_Newcomb_01.jpg/150px-Simon_Newcomb_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3707" data-file-height="4753" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="نیوکام, سیمون"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85" title="سیمون نیوکام">سیمون نیوکام</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۹۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۹۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Stanislao_Cannizzaro_01_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Stanislao_Cannizzaro_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Stanislao_Cannizzaro_01_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Stanislao_Cannizzaro_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Stanislao_Cannizzaro_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Stanislao_Cannizzaro_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Stanislao_Cannizzaro_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="998" data-file-height="1340" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="کانیزارو, استانیسلاو"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88" title="استانیسلاو کانیزارو">استانیسلاو کانیزارو</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od_52-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۹۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Rudolf_Virchow_NLM3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rudolf_Virchow_NLM3.jpg/75px-Rudolf_Virchow_NLM3.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rudolf_Virchow_NLM3.jpg/113px-Rudolf_Virchow_NLM3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rudolf_Virchow_NLM3.jpg/150px-Rudolf_Virchow_NLM3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1035" data-file-height="1419" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="ویرشو, رودلف"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%81_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%88" title="رودلف ویرشو">رودلف ویرشو</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «پژوهشهای وی در زمینه آسیب‌شناسی، آناتومی پاتولوژیک و باستان‌شناسی ماقبل تاریخ»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od_52-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۹۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Ggstokes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Ggstokes.jpg/75px-Ggstokes.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Ggstokes.jpg/113px-Ggstokes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Ggstokes.jpg/150px-Ggstokes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="329" data-file-height="447" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="استوکس, جرج"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AC_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="سر جرج گابریل استوکس، بارونت اول"> جرج استوکس</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «پژوهش‌ها و اکتشافات وی در علوم فیزیکی»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۹۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۹۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Frankland_Edward_26.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Frankland_Edward_26.jpg/75px-Frankland_Edward_26.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Frankland_Edward_26.jpg/113px-Frankland_Edward_26.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Frankland_Edward_26.jpg/150px-Frankland_Edward_26.jpg 2x" data-file-width="371" data-file-height="482" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="فرانکلند, ادوارد"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ادوارد فرانکلند">ادوارد فرانکلند</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «خدمات برجسته وی به شیمی نظری و کاربردی»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۹۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۹۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Karl_Weierstrass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Karl_Weierstrass.jpg/75px-Karl_Weierstrass.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Karl_Weierstrass.jpg/113px-Karl_Weierstrass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Karl_Weierstrass.jpg/150px-Karl_Weierstrass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="901" data-file-height="1322" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="وایرشتراس, کارل"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="کارل وایرشتراس">کارل وایرشتراس</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «پژوهش‌هایش در ریاضیات محض»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۹۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۹۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Gegenbaur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gegenbaur.jpg/75px-Gegenbaur.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gegenbaur.jpg/113px-Gegenbaur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gegenbaur.jpg/150px-Gegenbaur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="409" data-file-height="599" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="گیگنباور, کارل"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%DA%AF%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1" title="کارل گیگنباور">کارل گیگنباور</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۹۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Kolliker2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Kolliker2.jpg/75px-Kolliker2.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Kolliker2.jpg/113px-Kolliker2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Kolliker2.jpg/150px-Kolliker2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="328" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="فون کولیکر, آلبرت"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="آلبرت فون کولیکر">آلبرت فون کولیکر</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۹۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Sir_William_Huggins_by_John_Collier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Sir_William_Huggins_by_John_Collier.jpg/75px-Sir_William_Huggins_by_John_Collier.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Sir_William_Huggins_by_John_Collier.jpg/113px-Sir_William_Huggins_by_John_Collier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Sir_William_Huggins_by_John_Collier.jpg/150px-Sir_William_Huggins_by_John_Collier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3112" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هاگینز, ویلیام"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2" title="ویلیام هاگینز">ویلیام هاگینز</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «پژوهش‌هایش در تجزیه و تحلیل طیف استفاده شده برای اجرام آسمانی»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od_52-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۸۹۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:John_William_Strutt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/John_William_Strutt.jpg/75px-John_William_Strutt.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/John_William_Strutt.jpg/113px-John_William_Strutt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/John_William_Strutt.jpg/150px-John_William_Strutt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1077" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="ریلی, لرد"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="جان ویلیام استرات، سومین بارون ریلی">لرد ریلی</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «سهم وی در علوم فیزیکی»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۰۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Marcellin_Berthelot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Marcellin_Berthelot.jpg/75px-Marcellin_Berthelot.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Marcellin_Berthelot.jpg/113px-Marcellin_Berthelot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Marcellin_Berthelot.jpg/150px-Marcellin_Berthelot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2152" data-file-height="2701" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="بارتلت, مارسلین"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="مارسلین بارتلت">مارسلین بارتلت</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «خدمات برجسته‌اش به علم شیمی»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od_52-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۰۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Josiah_Willard_Gibbs_-from_MMS-.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Josiah_Willard_Gibbs_-from_MMS-.jpg/75px-Josiah_Willard_Gibbs_-from_MMS-.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Josiah_Willard_Gibbs_-from_MMS-.jpg/113px-Josiah_Willard_Gibbs_-from_MMS-.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Josiah_Willard_Gibbs_-from_MMS-.jpg/150px-Josiah_Willard_Gibbs_-from_MMS-.jpg 2x" data-file-width="888" data-file-height="1184" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="گیبس, جوسایا ویلارد"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B3" title="جوسایا ویلارد گیبس">جوسایا ویلارد گیبس</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مشارکت‌هایش در ریاضی فیزیک»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۰۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Joseph_Lister_1902.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Joseph_Lister_1902.jpg/75px-Joseph_Lister_1902.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Joseph_Lister_1902.jpg/113px-Joseph_Lister_1902.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Joseph_Lister_1902.jpg/150px-Joseph_Lister_1902.jpg 2x" data-file-width="742" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="لیستر, جوزف"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="جوزف لیستر">جوزف لیستر</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۰۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Eduard_Sue%C3%9F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Eduard_Sue%C3%9F.jpg/75px-Eduard_Sue%C3%9F.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Eduard_Sue%C3%9F.jpg/113px-Eduard_Sue%C3%9F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Eduard_Sue%C3%9F.jpg/150px-Eduard_Sue%C3%9F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="سوس, ادوارد"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ادوارد سوس">ادوارد سوس</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۰۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:PSM_V10_D660_William_Crookes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/PSM_V10_D660_William_Crookes.jpg/75px-PSM_V10_D660_William_Crookes.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/PSM_V10_D660_William_Crookes.jpg/113px-PSM_V10_D660_William_Crookes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/PSM_V10_D660_William_Crookes.jpg/150px-PSM_V10_D660_William_Crookes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1723" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="کروکز, ویلیام"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ویلیام کروکز">ویلیام کروکز</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۰۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:DIMendeleevCab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/DIMendeleevCab.jpg/75px-DIMendeleevCab.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/DIMendeleevCab.jpg/113px-DIMendeleevCab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/DIMendeleevCab.jpg/150px-DIMendeleevCab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="1593" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="مندلیف, دمیتری"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81" title="دمیتری مندلیف">دمیتری مندلیف</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر مشارکتش در علم شیمی و فیزیک</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۰۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Ilya_Mechnikov_nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ilya_Mechnikov_nobel.jpg/75px-Ilya_Mechnikov_nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ilya_Mechnikov_nobel.jpg/113px-Ilya_Mechnikov_nobel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ilya_Mechnikov_nobel.jpg/150px-Ilya_Mechnikov_nobel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="مچنیکو, ایلیا"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%85%DA%86%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88" title="ایلیا مچنیکو">ایلیا مچنیکو</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۰۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Albert_Abraham_Michelson2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Albert_Abraham_Michelson2.jpg/75px-Albert_Abraham_Michelson2.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Albert_Abraham_Michelson2.jpg/113px-Albert_Abraham_Michelson2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Albert_Abraham_Michelson2.jpg/150px-Albert_Abraham_Michelson2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="916" data-file-height="1286" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="مایکلسون, آلبرت آبراهام"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="آلبرت آبراهام مایکلسون">آلبرت آبراهام مایکلسون</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «پژوهش در نورشناسی»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۰۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Alfred-Russel-Wallace-c1895.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Alfred-Russel-Wallace-c1895.jpg/75px-Alfred-Russel-Wallace-c1895.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Alfred-Russel-Wallace-c1895.jpg/113px-Alfred-Russel-Wallace-c1895.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Alfred-Russel-Wallace-c1895.jpg/150px-Alfred-Russel-Wallace-c1895.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2293" data-file-height="3355" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="والاس, آلفرد راسل"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="آلفرد راسل والاس">آلفرد راسل والاس</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۰۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Hill1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Hill1905.jpg/75px-Hill1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Hill1905.jpg/113px-Hill1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Hill1905.jpg/150px-Hill1905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="658" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هیل, جورج ویلیام"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%84" title="جورج ویلیام هیل">جورج ویلیام هیل</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۱۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Francis_Galton_1850s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Francis_Galton_1850s.jpg/75px-Francis_Galton_1850s.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Francis_Galton_1850s.jpg/113px-Francis_Galton_1850s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Francis_Galton_1850s.jpg/150px-Francis_Galton_1850s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="543" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="گالتون, فرانسیس"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="فرانسیس گالتون">فرانسیس گالتون</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «پژوهش‌هایش در مورد وراثت»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۱۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:George_Darwin_sepia_tone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/George_Darwin_sepia_tone.jpg/75px-George_Darwin_sepia_tone.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/George_Darwin_sepia_tone.jpg/113px-George_Darwin_sepia_tone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/George_Darwin_sepia_tone.jpg/150px-George_Darwin_sepia_tone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="994" data-file-height="1340" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="داروین, جورج"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="جورج داروین">جورج داروین</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۱۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Felix_Klein.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Felix_Klein.jpeg/75px-Felix_Klein.jpeg" decoding="async" width="75" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Felix_Klein.jpeg/113px-Felix_Klein.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Felix_Klein.jpeg/150px-Felix_Klein.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="291" data-file-height="326" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="کلاین, فلیکس"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="فلیکس کلاین">فلیکس کلاین</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «پژوهش‌هایش در ریاضیات»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۱۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Ray_Lankester.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Ray_Lankester.png/75px-Ray_Lankester.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Ray_Lankester.png/113px-Ray_Lankester.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Ray_Lankester.png/150px-Ray_Lankester.png 2x" data-file-width="339" data-file-height="527" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="لنکستر, ری"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%84%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="ری لنکستر">ری لنکستر</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۱۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:J.J_Thomson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/J.J_Thomson.jpg/75px-J.J_Thomson.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/J.J_Thomson.jpg/113px-J.J_Thomson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/J.J_Thomson.jpg/150px-J.J_Thomson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1563" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="تامسون, جوزف جان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="جوزف جان تامسون">جوزف جان تامسون</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «کشفیاتش در علم فیزیک»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۱۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Ivan_Pavlov_NLM3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ivan_Pavlov_NLM3.jpg/75px-Ivan_Pavlov_NLM3.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ivan_Pavlov_NLM3.jpg/113px-Ivan_Pavlov_NLM3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ivan_Pavlov_NLM3.jpg/150px-Ivan_Pavlov_NLM3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1135" data-file-height="1599" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="پاولف, ایوان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81" title="ایوان پاولف">ایوان پاولف</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۱۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:James_Dewar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/James_Dewar.jpg/75px-James_Dewar.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/James_Dewar.jpg/113px-James_Dewar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/James_Dewar.jpg/150px-James_Dewar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="دیوئر, جیمز"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A6%D8%B1" title="جیمز دیوئر">جیمز دیوئر</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۱۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Pierre_Paul_%C3%89mile_Roux_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Pierre_Paul_%C3%89mile_Roux_2.jpg/75px-Pierre_Paul_%C3%89mile_Roux_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Pierre_Paul_%C3%89mile_Roux_2.jpg/113px-Pierre_Paul_%C3%89mile_Roux_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Pierre_Paul_%C3%89mile_Roux_2.jpg/150px-Pierre_Paul_%C3%89mile_Roux_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1116" data-file-height="1554" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="روکس, پیر پاول امیل"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="پیر پاول امیل روکس">پیر پاول امیل روکس</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۱۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz.jpg/75px-Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz.jpg/113px-Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz.jpg/150px-Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="لورنتز, هندریک"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="هندریک لورنتز">هندریک لورنتز</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «پژوهش‌اش در ریاضی فیزیک»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۱۹</td> <td></td> <td><span data-sort-value="بیلیس, ویلیام"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="ویلیام بیلیس">ویلیام بیلیس</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «پژوهش‌هایش در فیزیولوژی و بیوفیزیک»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۲۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Horace_Tabberer_Brown_c1889.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Horace_Tabberer_Brown_c1889.jpg/75px-Horace_Tabberer_Brown_c1889.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Horace_Tabberer_Brown_c1889.jpg/113px-Horace_Tabberer_Brown_c1889.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Horace_Tabberer_Brown_c1889.jpg/150px-Horace_Tabberer_Brown_c1889.jpg 2x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="323" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="Brown, Horace Tabberer"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Tabberer_Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Tabberer Brown (صفحه وجود ندارد)">Horace Tabberer Brown</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۲۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="لارمر, جوزف"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B1" title="جوزف لارمر">جوزف لارمر</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «پژوهش‌هایش در ریاضی فیزیک»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۲۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Sir_Ernest_Rutherford.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Sir_Ernest_Rutherford.jpg/75px-Sir_Ernest_Rutherford.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Sir_Ernest_Rutherford.jpg/113px-Sir_Ernest_Rutherford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Sir_Ernest_Rutherford.jpg/150px-Sir_Ernest_Rutherford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2211" data-file-height="3066" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="رادرفورد, ارنست"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="ارنست رادرفورد">ارنست رادرفورد</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «پژوهش‌هایش در رادیواکتیویته و ساختار اتمی»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۲۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Lamb_Horace_bw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Lamb_Horace_bw.jpg/75px-Lamb_Horace_bw.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Lamb_Horace_bw.jpg/113px-Lamb_Horace_bw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Lamb_Horace_bw.jpg/150px-Lamb_Horace_bw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="321" data-file-height="479" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="لمب, هوراس"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8" title="هوراس لمب">هوراس لمب</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «پژوهش‌هایش در ریاضی فیزیک»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۲۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:PSM_V79_D521_Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/PSM_V79_D521_Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer.png/75px-PSM_V79_D521_Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/PSM_V79_D521_Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer.png/113px-PSM_V79_D521_Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/PSM_V79_D521_Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer.png/150px-PSM_V79_D521_Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer.png 2x" data-file-width="1602" data-file-height="2289" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="شارپه شفر, ادوارد آلبرت"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%87_%D8%B4%D9%81%D8%B1" title="ادوارد آلبرت شارپه شفر">ادوارد آلبرت شارپه شفر</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۲۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Einstein_1921_by_F_Schmutzer_-_restoration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Einstein_1921_by_F_Schmutzer_-_restoration.jpg/75px-Einstein_1921_by_F_Schmutzer_-_restoration.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Einstein_1921_by_F_Schmutzer_-_restoration.jpg/113px-Einstein_1921_by_F_Schmutzer_-_restoration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Einstein_1921_by_F_Schmutzer_-_restoration.jpg/150px-Einstein_1921_by_F_Schmutzer_-_restoration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2523" data-file-height="3313" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="اینشتین, آلبرت"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="آلبرت اینشتین">آلبرت اینشتین</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «نظریه نسبیت و مشارکتش در نظریه کوانتوم»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۲۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins_nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins_nobel.jpg/75px-Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins_nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins_nobel.jpg/113px-Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins_nobel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins_nobel.jpg/150px-Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins_nobel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هاپکینز, فردریک گولاند"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%BE%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2" title="فردریک گولاند هاپکینز">فردریک گولاند هاپکینز</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «کار برجسته و پرحاصلش در رشته زیست‌شیمی»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۲۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Prof._Charles_Scott_Sherrington.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Prof._Charles_Scott_Sherrington.jpg/75px-Prof._Charles_Scott_Sherrington.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Prof._Charles_Scott_Sherrington.jpg/113px-Prof._Charles_Scott_Sherrington.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Prof._Charles_Scott_Sherrington.jpg/150px-Prof._Charles_Scott_Sherrington.jpg 2x" data-file-width="668" data-file-height="930" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="شرینگتون, چارلز"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="چارلز شرینگتون">چارلز شرینگتون</a></span></span></span></td> <td>«به خاطر کار برجسته‌اش در عصب‌شناسی»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۱۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۲۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Charles_Algernon_Parsons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Charles_Algernon_Parsons.jpg/75px-Charles_Algernon_Parsons.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Charles_Algernon_Parsons.jpg/113px-Charles_Algernon_Parsons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Charles_Algernon_Parsons.jpg/150px-Charles_Algernon_Parsons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="1054" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="پارسونز, چارلز الگرنون"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2" title="چارلز الگرنون پارسونز">چارلز الگرنون پارسونز</a></span></span></span></td> <td>«به خاطر مشارکت‌هایش در علم مهندسی»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۲۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Max_Planck_1933.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Max_Planck_1933.jpg/75px-Max_Planck_1933.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Max_Planck_1933.jpg/113px-Max_Planck_1933.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Max_Planck_1933.jpg/150px-Max_Planck_1933.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2216" data-file-height="2752" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="پلانک, ماکس"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9" title="ماکس پلانک">ماکس پلانک</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۱۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۳۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Wh-bragg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Wh-bragg.jpg/75px-Wh-bragg.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Wh-bragg.jpg/113px-Wh-bragg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Wh-bragg.jpg/150px-Wh-bragg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هنری, ویلیام"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%AF" class="mw-disambig" title="براگ">ویلیام هنری</a></span></span></span></td> <td>«به خاطر مشارکتهای برجسته‌اش در بلورشناسی و رادیواکتیویته»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۱۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۳۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Schuster_Arthur_signature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Schuster_Arthur_signature.jpg/75px-Schuster_Arthur_signature.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Schuster_Arthur_signature.jpg/113px-Schuster_Arthur_signature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Schuster_Arthur_signature.jpg/150px-Schuster_Arthur_signature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="شوستر, آرتور"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="آرتور شوستر">آرتور شوستر</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۱۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۳۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Portrait_of_George_Ellery_Hale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Portrait_of_George_Ellery_Hale.jpg/75px-Portrait_of_George_Ellery_Hale.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Portrait_of_George_Ellery_Hale.jpg/113px-Portrait_of_George_Ellery_Hale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Portrait_of_George_Ellery_Hale.jpg/150px-Portrait_of_George_Ellery_Hale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="954" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هیل, جرج الری"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%84" title="جرج الری هیل">جرج الری هیل</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۱۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۳۳</td> <td></td> <td><span data-sort-value="اسمیت, توبالد"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="توبالد اسمیت">توبالد اسمیت</a></span></span></span></td> <td>«به خاطر پژوهش و مشاهدهٔ او بر روی بیماری انسان و حیوان»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۱۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۳۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:John_Scott_Haldane_1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/John_Scott_Haldane_1910.jpg/75px-John_Scott_Haldane_1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/John_Scott_Haldane_1910.jpg/113px-John_Scott_Haldane_1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/John_Scott_Haldane_1910.jpg/150px-John_Scott_Haldane_1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="405" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هالدان, جان اسکات"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جان اسکات هالدان">جان اسکات هالدان</a></span></span></span></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۱۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۳۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:CTR_Wilson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/CTR_Wilson.jpg/75px-CTR_Wilson.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/CTR_Wilson.jpg/113px-CTR_Wilson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/CTR_Wilson.jpg/150px-CTR_Wilson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="ویلسون, چارلز تامسون ریس"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="چارلز تامسون ریس ویلسون">چارلز تامسون ریس ویلسون</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۱۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۳۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:SirArthurEvans.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/SirArthurEvans.JPG/75px-SirArthurEvans.JPG" decoding="async" width="75" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/SirArthurEvans.JPG/113px-SirArthurEvans.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/SirArthurEvans.JPG/150px-SirArthurEvans.JPG 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="741" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="ایوانز, آرتور"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2" title="آرتور ایوانز">آرتور ایوانز</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۱۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۳۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Henry_Dale_nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Henry_Dale_nobel.jpg/75px-Henry_Dale_nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Henry_Dale_nobel.jpg/113px-Henry_Dale_nobel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Henry_Dale_nobel.jpg/150px-Henry_Dale_nobel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="دیل, هنری هلت"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%84%D8%AA_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84" title="هنری هلت دیل">هنری هلت دیل</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۱۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۳۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Niels_Bohr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Niels_Bohr.jpg/75px-Niels_Bohr.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Niels_Bohr.jpg/113px-Niels_Bohr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Niels_Bohr.jpg/150px-Niels_Bohr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1456" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="بور, نیلز"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1" title="نیلز بور">نیلز بور</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۲۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۳۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Thomas_Hunt_Morgan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan.jpg/75px-Thomas_Hunt_Morgan.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan.jpg/113px-Thomas_Hunt_Morgan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan.jpg/150px-Thomas_Hunt_Morgan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="2923" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="مورگان, توماس هانت"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="توماس هانت مورگان">توماس هانت مورگان</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۲۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۴۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Langevin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Langevin.jpg/75px-Langevin.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Langevin.jpg/113px-Langevin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Langevin.jpg/150px-Langevin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="لانژون, پل"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%98%D9%88%D9%86" title="پل لانژون">پل لانژون</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۲۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۴۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Thomas_Lewis_(cardiologist).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Thomas_Lewis_%28cardiologist%29.jpg/75px-Thomas_Lewis_%28cardiologist%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Thomas_Lewis_%28cardiologist%29.jpg/113px-Thomas_Lewis_%28cardiologist%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Thomas_Lewis_%28cardiologist%29.jpg/150px-Thomas_Lewis_%28cardiologist%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2882" data-file-height="3754" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="لوئیس , توماس"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3_(%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B5%D8%B5_%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A8_%D9%88_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82)" title="توماس لوئیس (متخصص قلب و عروق)">توماس لوئیس </a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «بررسی‌های بالینی و تجربی وی بر روی قلب پستانداران»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۲۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۴۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Robert_Robinson_organic_chemist.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Robert_Robinson_organic_chemist.jpg/75px-Robert_Robinson_organic_chemist.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Robert_Robinson_organic_chemist.jpg/113px-Robert_Robinson_organic_chemist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Robert_Robinson_organic_chemist.jpg/150px-Robert_Robinson_organic_chemist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="رابینسون, رابرت"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="رابرت رابینسون">رابرت رابینسون</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۲۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۴۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Joseph_Barcroft_c1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Joseph_Barcroft_c1940.jpg/75px-Joseph_Barcroft_c1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Joseph_Barcroft_c1940.jpg/113px-Joseph_Barcroft_c1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Joseph_Barcroft_c1940.jpg/150px-Joseph_Barcroft_c1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2815" data-file-height="3564" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="بارکفت, جوزف"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%81%D8%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="جوزف بارکفت">جوزف بارکفت</a></span></span></span></td> <td>«به خاطر کار برجسته‌اش در زمینه تنفس و عملکرد تنفسی خون»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۲۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۴۴</td> <td></td> <td><span data-sort-value="تیلور, جی آی"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%A2%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="جی آی تیلور">جی آی تیلور</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۲۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۴۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Oswald_T._Avery_portrait_1937.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Oswald_T._Avery_portrait_1937.jpg/75px-Oswald_T._Avery_portrait_1937.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Oswald_T._Avery_portrait_1937.jpg/113px-Oswald_T._Avery_portrait_1937.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Oswald_T._Avery_portrait_1937.jpg/150px-Oswald_T._Avery_portrait_1937.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2527" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="آوری, اسوالد"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="اسوالد آوری">اسوالد آوری</a></span></span></span></td> <td>«به خاطر موفقیتش در معرفی روشهای شیمیایی در مطالعه ایمنی در برابر بیماریهای عفونی»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۲۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۴۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Edgar_Douglas_Adrian_nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian_nobel.jpg/75px-Edgar_Douglas_Adrian_nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian_nobel.jpg/113px-Edgar_Douglas_Adrian_nobel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian_nobel.jpg/150px-Edgar_Douglas_Adrian_nobel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="آدریان, ادگار"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ادگار آدریان">ادگار آدریان</a></span></span></span></td> <td>«به خاطر پژوهشهای برجسته‌اش در مورد ماهیت بنیادی فعالیت عصبی و اخیراً در بومی سازی برخی از عملکردهای عصبی»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۲۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۴۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Ghhardy@72.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Ghhardy%4072.jpg/75px-Ghhardy%4072.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Ghhardy%4072.jpg/113px-Ghhardy%4072.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Ghhardy%4072.jpg/150px-Ghhardy%4072.jpg 2x" data-file-width="312" data-file-height="368" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هاردی, گادفری هارولد"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="گادفری هارولد هاردی">گادفری هارولد هاردی</a></span></span></span></td> <td>«به خاطر نقش برجسته‌اش در توسعه تجزیه و تحلیل ریاضی در انگلستان در سی سال گذشته»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۲۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۴۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Archibald_Vivian_Hill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Archibald_Vivian_Hill.jpg/75px-Archibald_Vivian_Hill.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Archibald_Vivian_Hill.jpg/113px-Archibald_Vivian_Hill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Archibald_Vivian_Hill.jpg/150px-Archibald_Vivian_Hill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هیل, آرچی‌بالد"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%86%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%84" title="آرچی‌بالد هیل">آرچی‌بالد هیل</a></span></span></span></td> <td>«به خاطر پژوهشهای برجسته‌اش در مورد مشکلات تولید گرما در ماهیچه و پدیده‌های بیوفیزیکی در عصب و سایر بافت‌ها»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۳۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۴۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:George_de_Hevesy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/George_de_Hevesy.jpg/75px-George_de_Hevesy.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/George_de_Hevesy.jpg/113px-George_de_Hevesy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/George_de_Hevesy.jpg/150px-George_de_Hevesy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="1113" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="دو هوسی, گئورگ"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="گئورگ دو هوسی">گئورگ دو هوسی</a></span></span></span></td> <td>«به خاطر کار برجسته‌اش در شیمی عناصر رادیواکتیو و به ویژه برای گسترش روشهای ردیابی رادیواکتیو در بررسی فرایندهای بیولوژیکی»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۳۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۵۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:James_Chadwick.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/James_Chadwick.jpg/75px-James_Chadwick.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/James_Chadwick.jpg/113px-James_Chadwick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/James_Chadwick.jpg/150px-James_Chadwick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="1650" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="چدویک, جیمز"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%DA%86%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="جیمز چدویک">جیمز چدویک</a></span></span></span></td> <td>«به خاطر کار برجسته‌اش در فیزیک هسته‌ای و توسعه انرژی اتمی، به ویژه برای کشف نوترون»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۳۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۵۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:David_Keilin_1931.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/David_Keilin_1931.jpg/75px-David_Keilin_1931.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/David_Keilin_1931.jpg/113px-David_Keilin_1931.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/David_Keilin_1931.jpg/150px-David_Keilin_1931.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2030" data-file-height="2496" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="کیلین, دیوید"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دیوید کیلین">دیوید کیلین</a></span></span></span></td> <td>«به خاطر پژوهشهای بنیادی وی در زمینه‌های انگل‌شناسی، حشره‌شناسی و بیوشیمی آنزیم‌ها»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۳۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۵۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Paul_Dirac,_1933.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Paul_Dirac%2C_1933.jpg/75px-Paul_Dirac%2C_1933.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Paul_Dirac%2C_1933.jpg/113px-Paul_Dirac%2C_1933.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Paul_Dirac%2C_1933.jpg/150px-Paul_Dirac%2C_1933.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1107" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="دیراک, پل"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="پل دیراک">پل دیراک</a></span></span></span></td> <td>«به خاطر مشارکتهای قابل توجه‌اش در دینامیک نسبیتی ذره در مکانیک کوانتوم»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۳۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۵۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Dr._A.J._Kluyver,_1921.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Dr._A.J._Kluyver%2C_1921.jpg/75px-Dr._A.J._Kluyver%2C_1921.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Dr._A.J._Kluyver%2C_1921.jpg/113px-Dr._A.J._Kluyver%2C_1921.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Dr._A.J._Kluyver%2C_1921.jpg/150px-Dr._A.J._Kluyver%2C_1921.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="588" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="کلایور, آلبرت"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1" title="آلبرت کلایور">آلبرت کلایور</a></span></span></span></td> <td>«به خاطر مشارکتهای برجسته‌اش به عنوان شخصیت اصلی در علم میکروبیولوژی»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۵۴</td> <td></td> <td><span data-sort-value="Whittaker, E. T."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=E._T._Whittaker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E. T. Whittaker (صفحه وجود ندارد)">E. T. Whittaker</a></span></span></span></td> <td>«به خاطر مشارکتهای برجسته‌اش در ریاضیات محض و کاربردی و فیزیک نظری»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۳۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۵۵</td> <td></td> <td><span data-sort-value="فیشر, رانلد"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="رانلد فیشر">رانلد فیشر</a></span></span></span></td> <td>«به خاطر مشارکتهای برجستهٔ فراوانش در گسترش و کاربرد آمار در گسترهٔ وسیعی از زیست‌شناسی</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۳۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۵۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Blackett-large.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blackett-large.jpg/75px-Blackett-large.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blackett-large.jpg/113px-Blackett-large.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Blackett-large.jpg 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="194" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="بلاکت, پاتریک"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA" title="پاتریک بلاکت">پاتریک بلاکت</a></span></span></span></td> <td>«به خاطر «مطالعات برجسته‌اش در مورد بارش اشعه کیهانی و مزونهای سنگین و رشتهٔ دیرینه‌مغناطیس‌شناسی»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۵۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Howard_Walter_Florey_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Howard_Walter_Florey_1945.jpg/75px-Howard_Walter_Florey_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Howard_Walter_Florey_1945.jpg/113px-Howard_Walter_Florey_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Howard_Walter_Florey_1945.jpg/150px-Howard_Walter_Florey_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="فلری, هاوارد"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="هاوارد فلری">هاوارد فلری</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مشارکتهای برجسته‌اش در آسیب‌شناسی و پزشکی تجربی»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۳۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۵۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="لیتل‌وود, جان انزور"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF" title="جان انزور لیتل‌وود">جان انزور لیتل‌وود</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۳۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۵۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Burnet_2jpg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Burnet_2jpg.jpg/75px-Burnet_2jpg.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Burnet_2jpg.jpg/113px-Burnet_2jpg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Burnet_2jpg.jpg/150px-Burnet_2jpg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="229" data-file-height="313" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="بارنت, فرانک مک‌فارلن"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9_%D9%85%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="فرانک مک‌فارلن بارنت">فرانک مک‌فارلن بارنت</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مشارکتهای برجسته‌اش در دانش شناخت ویروس‌ها و ایمنی‌شناسی»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۳۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۶۰</td> <td></td> <td><span data-sort-value="جفریس, هارولد"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="هارولد جفریس">هارولد جفریس</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مشارکتهای برجسته‌اش در بسیاری از رشته‌های ژئوفیزیک، و همین‌طور نظریه احتمالات و ستاره‌شناسی»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۴۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۶۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Hans_Adolf_Krebs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Hans_Adolf_Krebs.jpg/75px-Hans_Adolf_Krebs.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Hans_Adolf_Krebs.jpg/113px-Hans_Adolf_Krebs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Hans_Adolf_Krebs.jpg/150px-Hans_Adolf_Krebs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="1488" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="کربس, هانس آدولف"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B3" title="هانس آدولف کربس">هانس آدولف کربس</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۴۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۶۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood_Nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood_Nobel.jpg/75px-Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood_Nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood_Nobel.jpg/113px-Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood_Nobel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood_Nobel.jpg/150px-Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood_Nobel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هینشلوود, سر سایریل"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%84%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF" title="سر سایریل هینشلوود">سر سایریل هینشلوود</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۴۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۶۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Sir_Paul_Fildes_by_Sir_(Samuel)_Luke_Fildes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Sir_Paul_Fildes_by_Sir_%28Samuel%29_Luke_Fildes.jpg/75px-Sir_Paul_Fildes_by_Sir_%28Samuel%29_Luke_Fildes.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Sir_Paul_Fildes_by_Sir_%28Samuel%29_Luke_Fildes.jpg/113px-Sir_Paul_Fildes_by_Sir_%28Samuel%29_Luke_Fildes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Sir_Paul_Fildes_by_Sir_%28Samuel%29_Luke_Fildes.jpg/150px-Sir_Paul_Fildes_by_Sir_%28Samuel%29_Luke_Fildes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3176" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="فیلدس, پل"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="پل فیلدس">پل فیلدس</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مشارکتهای برجسته‌اش در رشته باکتری‌شناسی.»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۶۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Sydney_Chapman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sydney_Chapman.jpg/75px-Sydney_Chapman.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sydney_Chapman.jpg/113px-Sydney_Chapman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sydney_Chapman.jpg/150px-Sydney_Chapman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="چپمن, سیدنی"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%86%D9%BE%D9%85%D9%86_(%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="سیدنی چپمن (ریاضیدان)">سیدنی چپمن</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۴۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۶۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin_nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin_nobel.jpg/75px-Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin_nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin_nobel.jpg/113px-Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin_nobel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin_nobel.jpg/150px-Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin_nobel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هاجکین, الن"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="الن هاجکین">الن هاجکین</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۶۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Wl-bragg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Wl-bragg.jpg/75px-Wl-bragg.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Wl-bragg.jpg/113px-Wl-bragg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Wl-bragg.jpg/150px-Wl-bragg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="براگ, ویلیام لورنس"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%AF" title="ویلیام لورنس براگ">ویلیام لورنس براگ</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۶۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="کتس, برنارد"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="برنارد کتس">برنارد کتس</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۶۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Thadeus_Reichstein_ETH-Bib_Portr_10137.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Thadeus_Reichstein_ETH-Bib_Portr_10137.jpg/75px-Thadeus_Reichstein_ETH-Bib_Portr_10137.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Thadeus_Reichstein_ETH-Bib_Portr_10137.jpg/113px-Thadeus_Reichstein_ETH-Bib_Portr_10137.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Thadeus_Reichstein_ETH-Bib_Portr_10137.jpg/150px-Thadeus_Reichstein_ETH-Bib_Portr_10137.jpg 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="رایش‌اشتین, تادئوس"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="تادئوس رایش‌اشتین">تادئوس رایش‌اشتین</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۶۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Peter_Brian_Medawar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Peter_Brian_Medawar.jpg/75px-Peter_Brian_Medawar.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Peter_Brian_Medawar.jpg/113px-Peter_Brian_Medawar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Peter_Brian_Medawar.jpg/150px-Peter_Brian_Medawar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="مداوار, پیتر"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="پیتر مداوار">پیتر مداوار</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۷۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Alexander_Todd_Nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Alexander_Todd_Nobel.jpg/75px-Alexander_Todd_Nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Alexander_Todd_Nobel.jpg/113px-Alexander_Todd_Nobel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Alexander_Todd_Nobel.jpg/150px-Alexander_Todd_Nobel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="تاد, لرد"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="لرد تاد">لرد تاد</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۷۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="پیری, نورمن"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="نورمن پیری">نورمن پیری</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مشارکتهای برجسته‌اش در بیوشیمی و به ویژه برای توضیح ماهیت ویروس‌های گیاهی»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۷۲</td> <td></td> <td><span data-sort-value="مات, نویل فرانسیس"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="نویل فرانسیس مات">نویل فرانسیس مات</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مشارکتهای اصلی‌اش در طی یک دوره طولانی در فیزیک اتمی و جامد»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۷۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Andrew_Fielding_Huxley_nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Andrew_Fielding_Huxley_nobel.jpg/75px-Andrew_Fielding_Huxley_nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Andrew_Fielding_Huxley_nobel.jpg/113px-Andrew_Fielding_Huxley_nobel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Andrew_Fielding_Huxley_nobel.jpg/150px-Andrew_Fielding_Huxley_nobel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هاکسلی, اندرو"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C" title="اندرو هاکسلی">اندرو هاکسلی</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مطالعات برجسته‌اش در مورد مکانیسم‌های ضربه عصبی و فعال شدن انقباض عضلانی»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۷۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هاج, دبلیو. وی.دی."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88._%D9%88%DB%8C.%D8%AF%DB%8C._%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="دبلیو. وی.دی. هاج (صفحه وجود ندارد)">دبلیو. وی.دی. هاج</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «کار پیشگامانه‌اش درهندسه جبری، به ویژه در نظریه انتگرالهای هارمونیک»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۴۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۷۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Francis_Crick_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Francis_Crick_crop.jpg/75px-Francis_Crick_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Francis_Crick_crop.jpg/113px-Francis_Crick_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Francis_Crick_crop.jpg/150px-Francis_Crick_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2035" data-file-height="2236" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="کریک, فرانسیس"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فرانسیس کریک">فرانسیس کریک</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «توضیح روشنش از ساختار دی‌ان‌ای و سهم مداوم وی در زیست‌شناسی مولکولی»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۷۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Dorothy_Hodgkin_Nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/fa/thumb/3/3f/Dorothy_Hodgkin_Nobel.jpg/75px-Dorothy_Hodgkin_Nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/fa/thumb/3/3f/Dorothy_Hodgkin_Nobel.jpg/113px-Dorothy_Hodgkin_Nobel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/fa/thumb/3/3f/Dorothy_Hodgkin_Nobel.jpg/150px-Dorothy_Hodgkin_Nobel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هاجکین, دوروتی"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دوروتی هاجکین">دوروتی هاجکین</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر کار برجسته‌اش بر روی مولکولهای پیچیده به ویژه پنسیلین، ویتامین ب۱۲ و انسولین</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۷۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Frederick_Sanger2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Frederick_Sanger2.jpg/75px-Frederick_Sanger2.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Frederick_Sanger2.jpg/113px-Frederick_Sanger2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Frederick_Sanger2.jpg/150px-Frederick_Sanger2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="897" data-file-height="1196" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="سنگر, فردریک"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="فردریک سنگر">فردریک سنگر</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «کار برجسته‌اش در مورد ساختار شیمیایی پروتئین‌ها و مطالعاتش در مورد توالی اسیدهای نوکلئیک»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۷۸</td> <td></td> <td><span data-sort-value="وودوارد, رابرت"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="رابرت وودوارد">رابرت وودوارد</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۷۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Max_Perutz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Max_Perutz.jpg/75px-Max_Perutz.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Max_Perutz.jpg/113px-Max_Perutz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Max_Perutz.jpg/150px-Max_Perutz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="174" data-file-height="206" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="پروتس, ماکس"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="ماکس پروتس">ماکس پروتس</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۸۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="بارتون, درک"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="درک بارتون">درک بارتون</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۸۱</td> <td></td> <td><span data-sort-value="میچل, پیتر دی"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%84" title="پیتر دی میچل">پیتر دی میچل</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-od2_102-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-od2-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۸۲</td> <td></td> <td><span data-sort-value="کارنفورت, جان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="جان کارنفورت">جان کارنفورت</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «پژوهشهای برجسته‌اش در مورد سنتز و بیوسنتز با کنترل استریوشیمیایی مولکولهای مهم بیولوژیکی .»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۴۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۸۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Rodney_Robert_Porter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Rodney_Robert_Porter.jpg/75px-Rodney_Robert_Porter.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Rodney_Robert_Porter.jpg/113px-Rodney_Robert_Porter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Rodney_Robert_Porter.jpg/150px-Rodney_Robert_Porter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1074" data-file-height="1432" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="پورتر, رادنی رابرت"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="رادنی رابرت پورتر">رادنی رابرت پورتر</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر « توضیح وی در مورد ساختار پادتن‌ها و واکنش هایی که سیستم مکمل پروتئین‌ها را فعال می‌کنند.»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۸۴</td> <td></td> <td><span data-sort-value="چاندراسخار, سوبرامانیان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سوبرامانیان چاندراسخار">سوبرامانیان چاندراسخار</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر « کارهای برجستۀ او در زمینۀ فیزیک نظری، از جمله ساختار ستاره‌ای، نظریۀ تابش، پایداری هیدرودینامیکی و نسبیت.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۴۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۸۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Aaron_Klug_1979.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Aaron_Klug_1979.jpg/75px-Aaron_Klug_1979.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Aaron_Klug_1979.jpg/113px-Aaron_Klug_1979.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Aaron_Klug_1979.jpg/150px-Aaron_Klug_1979.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2216" data-file-height="2888" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="کلوگ, ارون"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF" title="ارون کلوگ">ارون کلوگ</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر « مشارکتهای برجستۀ او در درک ما از ساختارهای پیچیده بیولوژیکی و روش های مورد استفاده برای تعیین آنها.»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۸۶</td> <td></td> <td><span data-sort-value="پیرلز, رودولف"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2" title="رودولف پیرلز">رودولف پیرلز</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر مشارکتهای اساسی‌اش در طیف خیلی گسترده‌ای از فیزیک نظری</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۸۷</td> <td></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هیل, رابین"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%84_(%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA)" title="رابین هیل (بیوشیمیست)">رابین هیل</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر« مشارکتهای پیشگامانۀ او در درک ماهیت و مکانیسم مسیر اصلی انتقال الکترون در فتوسنتز»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۸۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Michael_Francis_Atiyah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Michael_Francis_Atiyah.jpg/75px-Michael_Francis_Atiyah.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Michael_Francis_Atiyah.jpg/113px-Michael_Francis_Atiyah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Michael_Francis_Atiyah.jpg/150px-Michael_Francis_Atiyah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="312" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="عطیه, مایکل"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%B9%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%87" title="مایکل عطیه">مایکل عطیه</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر« مشارکتهای اساسی او در طیف گسترده‌ای از موضوعات در هندسه، توپولوژی، آنالیز و فیزیک نظری»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۴۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۸۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Milstein_lnp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Milstein_lnp.jpg/75px-Milstein_lnp.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Milstein_lnp.jpg/113px-Milstein_lnp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Milstein_lnp.jpg/150px-Milstein_lnp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="161" data-file-height="146" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="میلستین, سزار"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سزار میلستین">سزار میلستین</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مشارکتهای برجستۀ او در ایمنی‌شناسی، به‌ویژه کشف پادتن‌های مونوکلونال و درک نقش جهش‌های طبیعی در تکمیل پاسخ ایمنی»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۹۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Abdus_Salam_1987.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Abdus_Salam_1987.jpg/75px-Abdus_Salam_1987.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Abdus_Salam_1987.jpg/113px-Abdus_Salam_1987.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Abdus_Salam_1987.jpg/150px-Abdus_Salam_1987.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1520" data-file-height="1872" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="السلام, عبد"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" class="mw-redirect" title="عبد السلام">عبد السلام</a></span></span></span></td> <td>«با توجه به کار او در مورد تقارن قوانین طبیعت، و به ویژه اتحاد نیروهای الکترومغناطیسی و ضعیف.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۴۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۹۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:EMLederberg_GStent_SBrenner_JLederberg_1965_wiki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/EMLederberg_GStent_SBrenner_JLederberg_1965_wiki.jpg/75px-EMLederberg_GStent_SBrenner_JLederberg_1965_wiki.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/EMLederberg_GStent_SBrenner_JLederberg_1965_wiki.jpg/113px-EMLederberg_GStent_SBrenner_JLederberg_1965_wiki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/EMLederberg_GStent_SBrenner_JLederberg_1965_wiki.jpg/150px-EMLederberg_GStent_SBrenner_JLederberg_1965_wiki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="برنر, سیدنی"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1" title="سیدنی برنر">سیدنی برنر</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «قدردانی از کمک‌های فراوان او به ژنتیک مولکولی و زیست‌شناسی رشدی و نقش اخیر او در پروژه نقشه‌برداری ژنوم انسانی.»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۹۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:George_Porter_Nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/George_Porter_Nobel.jpg/75px-George_Porter_Nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/George_Porter_Nobel.jpg/113px-George_Porter_Nobel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/George_Porter_Nobel.jpg/150px-George_Porter_Nobel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="744" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="پرتر, جرج"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="جرج پرتر">جرج پرتر</a></span></span></span></td> <td>برای «قدردانی از مشارکتهای او برای درک اساسی فرآیندهای فتوشیمیایی و فوتوفیزیکی سریع و نقش آنها در شیمی و زیست‌شناسی»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۴۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۹۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:James_D_Watson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/James_D_Watson.jpg/75px-James_D_Watson.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/James_D_Watson.jpg/113px-James_D_Watson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/James_D_Watson.jpg/150px-James_D_Watson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2985" data-file-height="2996" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="واتسون, جیمز"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="جیمز واتسون">جیمز واتسون</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر « پیگیری خستگی ناپذیر او برای روشن شدن ساختار DNA تا پیامدهای اجتماعی و پزشکی توالی ژنوم انسان.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۵۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۹۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="فرانک, فریدریش چارلز"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9" title="فریدریش چارلز فرانک">فریدریش چارلز فرانک</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۹۵</td> <td></td> <td><span data-sort-value="فنر, فرانک"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9_%D9%81%D9%86%D8%B1" title="فرانک فنر">فرانک فنر</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «قدردانی از سهم وی در ویروس‌شناسی حیوانات با تأکید ویژه بر ویروس‌های آبله و ورم مخاطی (میکسوماتوز) و ارتباط آنها با میزبان در ایجاد بیماری»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۹۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="کوترل, الن"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84" title="الن کوترل">الن کوترل</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۵۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۹۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هاکسلی, هیو"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%88_%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C" title="هیو هاکسلی">هیو هاکسلی</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر قدردانی از «کار پیشگامانهٔ او بر روی ساختار عضله و مکانیسم‌های مولکولی انقباض عضلانی، و ارائه راه‌حل‌هایی برای یکی از مشکلات بزرگ فیزیولوژی»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۹۸</td> <td></td> <td><span data-sort-value="لایتیل, جیمز"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84" title="جیمز لایتیل">جیمز لایتیل</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۵۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۱۹۹۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:John_Maynard_Smith.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/John_Maynard_Smith.jpg/75px-John_Maynard_Smith.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/John_Maynard_Smith.jpg/113px-John_Maynard_Smith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/John_Maynard_Smith.jpg/150px-John_Maynard_Smith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="767" data-file-height="766" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="اسمیت, جان مینارد"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="جان مینارد اسمیت">جان مینارد اسمیت</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۵۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۲۰۰۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="باترزبای, آلن آر."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%B1._%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="آلن آر. باترزبای">آلن آر. باترزبای</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۲۰۰۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="میلر, ژاک"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%DA%A9_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="ژاک میلر">ژاک میلر</a></span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۲۰۰۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="پاپل, جان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84" title="جان پاپل">جان پاپل</a></span></span></span></td> <td>برای «توسعه روشهای محاسباتی در شیمی کوانتومی. کار او نظریه تابعی چگالی را به یک ابزار نظری قدرتمند برای شیمی، فیزیک شیمی و زیست‌شناسی تبدیل کرد.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۵۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۲۰۰۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:John_Gurdon_Cambridge_2012.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/John_Gurdon_Cambridge_2012.JPG/75px-John_Gurdon_Cambridge_2012.JPG" decoding="async" width="75" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/John_Gurdon_Cambridge_2012.JPG/113px-John_Gurdon_Cambridge_2012.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/John_Gurdon_Cambridge_2012.JPG/150px-John_Gurdon_Cambridge_2012.JPG 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="732" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="گوردون, جان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="جان گوردون">جان گوردون</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «طیف وسیعی از اکتشافات پیشگامانه‌اش در رشته‌های زیست‌شناسی سلولی و تکاملی.»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۲۰۰۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Harold_Kroto_1c389_8471.sweden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Harold_Kroto_1c389_8471.sweden.jpg/75px-Harold_Kroto_1c389_8471.sweden.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Harold_Kroto_1c389_8471.sweden.jpg/113px-Harold_Kroto_1c389_8471.sweden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Harold_Kroto_1c389_8471.sweden.jpg/150px-Harold_Kroto_1c389_8471.sweden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="کروتو, هارولد"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88" title="هارولد کروتو">هارولد کروتو</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مشارکت تاثیرگذارش در درک پویایی اصلی مولکولهای چرخه کربن که منجر به کشف <a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پلی‌این">پلی‌این‌ها</a> در محیط بین ستاره‌ای و بوسیله <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="اخترشناسی رادیویی">اخترشناسی رادیویی</a> شد و عصر جدیدی را در علم کربن‌شناسی بوجود آورد.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۵۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۲۰۰۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Paul_Nurse_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Paul_Nurse_portrait.jpg/75px-Paul_Nurse_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Paul_Nurse_portrait.jpg/113px-Paul_Nurse_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Paul_Nurse_portrait.jpg/150px-Paul_Nurse_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1648" data-file-height="2172" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="نرس, پائول"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="پائول نرس">پائول نرس</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مشارکتش در زیست‌شناسی سلولی و به‌طور کلی برای توضیح چگونگی کنترل تقسیم سلولی»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۲۰۰۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Stephen_Hawking.StarChild.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Stephen_Hawking.StarChild.jpg/75px-Stephen_Hawking.StarChild.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Stephen_Hawking.StarChild.jpg/113px-Stephen_Hawking.StarChild.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Stephen_Hawking.StarChild.jpg/150px-Stephen_Hawking.StarChild.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="359" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هاوکینگ, استیون"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="استیون هاوکینگ">استیون هاوکینگ</a></span></span></span></td> <td>«به خاطر مشارکت برجسته‌اش در فیزیک و کیهان‌شناسی نظری»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-haw_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haw-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۲۰۰۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:BobMayHarvard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/BobMayHarvard.jpg/75px-BobMayHarvard.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/BobMayHarvard.jpg/113px-BobMayHarvard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/BobMayHarvard.jpg/150px-BobMayHarvard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="652" data-file-height="620" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="می, رابرت"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="رابرت می، بارون می اکسفورد">رابرت می</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مطالعات اصلیش در مورد تعامل در داخل و در میان جمعیت‌های بیولوژیکی که درک ما از چگونگی پاسخ گونه‌ها، جوامع و کل اکوسیستم‌ها به آشفتگی‌های طبیعی یا ساخت انسان را تغییر شکل داد.»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۲۰۰۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Roger_Penrose-6Nov2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Roger_Penrose-6Nov2005.jpg/75px-Roger_Penrose-6Nov2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Roger_Penrose-6Nov2005.jpg/113px-Roger_Penrose-6Nov2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Roger_Penrose-6Nov2005.jpg/150px-Roger_Penrose-6Nov2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="پنروز, راجر"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2" title="راجر پنروز">راجر پنروز</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «بینش‌های زیبا و اصیل او در بسیاری از حوزه‌های ریاضیات و فیزیک ریاضی. سر راجر مشارکتهای برجسته‌ای در نظریه نسبیت عام و کیهان‌شناسی داشت که برجسته‌ترین کارهایش در حوزه سیاه‌چاله‌ها و بیگ بنگ است.»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۲۰۰۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Martin_Evans_Nobel_Prize.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Martin_Evans_Nobel_Prize.jpg/75px-Martin_Evans_Nobel_Prize.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Martin_Evans_Nobel_Prize.jpg/113px-Martin_Evans_Nobel_Prize.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Martin_Evans_Nobel_Prize.jpg/150px-Martin_Evans_Nobel_Prize.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="اونز, مارتین"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2" title="مارتین اونز">مارتین اونز</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «کار اصلی‌اش در مورد سلول‌های بنیادی موش که موجب انقلابی در رشته ژنتیک شد.»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">۲۰۱۰ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Nci-vol-8182-300_david_cox.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Nci-vol-8182-300_david_cox.jpg/75px-Nci-vol-8182-300_david_cox.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Nci-vol-8182-300_david_cox.jpg/113px-Nci-vol-8182-300_david_cox.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Nci-vol-8182-300_david_cox.jpg/150px-Nci-vol-8182-300_david_cox.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2098" data-file-height="2684" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="کاکس, دیوید"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3_(%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="دیوید کاکس (آماردان)">دیوید کاکس</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مشارکت اصلی وی در تئوری و کاربردهای آمار»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-medals2010_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medals2010-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۵۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Tomas_Lindahl_0113.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Tomas_Lindahl_0113.jpg/75px-Tomas_Lindahl_0113.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Tomas_Lindahl_0113.jpg/113px-Tomas_Lindahl_0113.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Tomas_Lindahl_0113.jpg/150px-Tomas_Lindahl_0113.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1756" data-file-height="1710" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="لیندال, توماس"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84" title="توماس لیندال">توماس لیندال</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مشارکت اصلی وی در درک زیست‌شیمی تعمیر دی‌ان‌ای»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-medals2010_156-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medals2010-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۵۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۲۰۱۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="مکنزی, دن"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%86_%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C_(%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3)" title="دن مکنزی (زمین‌شناس)">دن مکنزی</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مشارکت اصلی وی در درک پدیده‌های زمین‌شناسی و ژئوفیزیکی شامل صفحات تکتونیکی»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۲۰۱۲</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="واکر, جان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%DB%8C._%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="جان ای. واکر">جان واکر</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «کار خلاقانه‌اش در زیست فناوری و کشف مکانیسم <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="ای‌تی‌پی سنتاز">سنتز ای‌تی‌پی</a> در میتوکندری‌ها»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-medals2012_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medals2012-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۵۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۲۰۱۳</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Andre_Geim_2010-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Andre_Geim_2010-1.jpg/75px-Andre_Geim_2010-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Andre_Geim_2010-1.jpg/113px-Andre_Geim_2010-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Andre_Geim_2010-1.jpg/150px-Andre_Geim_2010-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1455" data-file-height="2042" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="گایم, آندره"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85" title="آندره گایم">آندره گایم</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مشارکتهای بیشمار علمی او، به‌ویژه، پژوهش مبتکرانه در مورد بلورهای اتمی دوبعدی و اتصال‌های ناهمگون مصنوعی آنها»</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>۲۰۱۴</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Alec_Jeffreys.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Alec_Jeffreys.jpg/75px-Alec_Jeffreys.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Alec_Jeffreys.jpg/113px-Alec_Jeffreys.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Alec_Jeffreys.jpg/150px-Alec_Jeffreys.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1464" data-file-height="1966" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="جفریز, الک جان"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="الک جان جفریز">الک جان جفریز</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «کار پیشگامانه‌اش بر روی تغییر و جهش ژنوم انسان»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-AJ2014_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJ2014-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۵۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۲۰۱۵</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Higgs,_Peter_(1929)3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Higgs%2C_Peter_%281929%293.jpg/75px-Higgs%2C_Peter_%281929%293.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Higgs%2C_Peter_%281929%293.jpg/113px-Higgs%2C_Peter_%281929%293.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Higgs%2C_Peter_%281929%293.jpg/150px-Higgs%2C_Peter_%281929%293.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هیگز, پیتر"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%87%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B2" title="پیتر هیگز">پیتر هیگز</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مشارکتهای اساسی‌اش در فیزیک ذرات با تئوری‌اش که منشأ جرم را در ذرات اولیه توضیح می‌دهد، که با آزمایشهایی در برخورددهنده هادرونی بزرگ تأیید شده‌است.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۵۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۲۰۱۶</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Richard_Henderson_D81_4486_(38005042695).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Richard_Henderson_D81_4486_%2838005042695%29.jpg/75px-Richard_Henderson_D81_4486_%2838005042695%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Richard_Henderson_D81_4486_%2838005042695%29.jpg/113px-Richard_Henderson_D81_4486_%2838005042695%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Richard_Henderson_D81_4486_%2838005042695%29.jpg/150px-Richard_Henderson_D81_4486_%2838005042695%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2003" data-file-height="2504" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="هندرسون, ریچارد"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="ریچارد هندرسون">ریچارد هندرسون</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مشارکتهای بنیادی و انقلابی در ساخت میکروسکوپ الکترونی مواد بیولوژیکی که منجر به درک ساختار اتمی آنها شد.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۶۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۲۰۱۷</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Andrew_wiles1-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Andrew_wiles1-3.jpg/75px-Andrew_wiles1-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Andrew_wiles1-3.jpg/113px-Andrew_wiles1-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Andrew_wiles1-3.jpg/150px-Andrew_wiles1-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1986" data-file-height="2502" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="وایلز, اندرو"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B2" title="اندرو وایلز">اندرو وایلز</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «اثبات زیبا و غیرمنتظره قضیهٔ آخر فرما که یکی از مهمترین دستاوردهای قرن بیستم بود.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۶۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۲۰۱۸</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="گوردون, جفری آی."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A2%DB%8C._%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="جفری آی. گوردون">جفری آی. گوردون</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مشارکت‌هایش در فهم نقش جوامع میکروبی روده در سلامت و بیماری انسان»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۶۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۲۰۱۹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="گوداناف, جان بی."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%DB%8C._%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81" class="mw-redirect" title="جان بی. گوداناف">جان بی. گوداناف</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «مشارکتهای استثنائی‌اش در علم و تکنولوژی مواد شامل کشف او که منجر به شارژ دوباره باتری‌های لیتیومی شد.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۶۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۲۰۲۰</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Alan_Fersht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Alan_Fersht.jpg/75px-Alan_Fersht.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Alan_Fersht.jpg/113px-Alan_Fersht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Alan_Fersht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="184" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="فرشت, آلن"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA" title="آلن فرشت">آلن فرشت</a></span></span></span></td> <td>«او روشهای مهندسی پروتئین را برای ارائه توضیحاتی از مسیرهای تاخوردگی پروتئین در تفکیک اتمی توسعه داده و به کار برده که درک ما از این فرایندها را متحول کرده‌است.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۶۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>۲۰۲۱</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Launch_of_IYA_2009,_Paris_-_Grygar,_Bell_Burnell_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Launch_of_IYA_2009%2C_Paris_-_Grygar%2C_Bell_Burnell_cropped.jpg/75px-Launch_of_IYA_2009%2C_Paris_-_Grygar%2C_Bell_Burnell_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Launch_of_IYA_2009%2C_Paris_-_Grygar%2C_Bell_Burnell_cropped.jpg/113px-Launch_of_IYA_2009%2C_Paris_-_Grygar%2C_Bell_Burnell_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Launch_of_IYA_2009%2C_Paris_-_Grygar%2C_Bell_Burnell_cropped.jpg/150px-Launch_of_IYA_2009%2C_Paris_-_Grygar%2C_Bell_Burnell_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="723" data-file-height="1010" /></a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="بل بورنل, ژوسلین"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%84" title="ژوسلین بل بورنل">ژوسلین بل بورنل</a></span></span></span></td> <td>به خاطر «کشف تپ‌اخترها که یکی از مهمترین کشفیات قرن بیستم در ستاره‌شناسی است.»</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۶۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="منابع"><span id=".D9.85.D9.86.D8.A7.D8.A8.D8.B9"></span>منابع</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C&action=edit&section=3" title="ویرایش بخش: منابع"><span>ویرایش</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r37199623">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2 mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cop1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cop1_1-0">۱٫۰</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cop1_1-1">۱٫۱</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r39868036">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://royalsociety.org/page.asp?id=1736">"The Copley Medal (1731)"</a>. The Royal Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Copley+Medal+%281731%29&rft.pub=The+Royal+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fpage.asp%3Fid%3D1736&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/copley-medal/">https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/copley-medal/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080111085614/http://royalsociety.org/page.asp?id=1744">"Copley archive winners 1799–1731"</a>. <i>royalsociety.org</i>. The Royal Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://royalsociety.org/page.asp?id=1744">the original</a> on 1 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=royalsociety.org&rft.atitle=Copley+archive+winners+1799%E2%80%931731&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fpage.asp%3Fid%3D1744&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cop2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cop2_4-0">۴٫۰</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cop2_4-1">۴٫۱</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cop2_4-2">۴٫۲</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6HlNyz75P?url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Societies/CopleyMedal.html">"Copley Medal"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_St_Andrews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of St Andrews (صفحه وجود ندارد)">University of St Andrews</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Societies/CopleyMedal.html">the original</a> on 30 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Copley+Medal&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FSocieties%2FCopleyMedal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-odnb1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-odnb1_5-0">۵٫۰</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-odnb1_5-1">۵٫۱</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/11354?&docPos=2&backToResults=">"Oxford DNB article:Gray, Stephen (subscription needed)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+DNB+article%3AGray%2C+Stephen+%28subscription+needed%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F11354%3F%26docPos%3D2%26backToResults%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-odnb2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-odnb2_6-0">۶٫۰</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-odnb2_6-1">۶٫۱</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-odnb2_6-2">۶٫۲</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/7539?&docPos=4&backToResults=">"Oxford DNB article:Desaguliers, John Theophilus (subscription needed)"</a>. Oxford University Press. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+DNB+article%3ADesaguliers%2C+John+Theophilus+%28subscription+needed%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F7539%3F%26docPos%3D4%26backToResults%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/1984?&docPos=6&backToResults=">"Oxford DNB article:Belchier, John (subscription needed)"</a>. Oxford University Press. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+DNB+article%3ABelchier%2C+John+%28subscription+needed%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F1984%3F%26docPos%3D6%26backToResults%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/11915?&docPos=7&backToResults=">"Oxford DNB article:Hales, Stephen (subscription needed)"</a>. Oxford University Press. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+DNB+article%3AHales%2C+Stephen+%28subscription+needed%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F11915%3F%26docPos%3D7%26backToResults%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/47081?docPos=1">"Oxford DNB article:Stuart, Alexander (subscription needed)"</a>. Oxford University Press. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+DNB+article%3AStuart%2C+Alexander+%28subscription+needed%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F47081%3FdocPos%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/18668?&docPos=10&backToResults=">"Oxford DNB article:Middleton, Christopher (subscription needed)"</a>. Oxford University Press. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+DNB+article%3AMiddleton%2C+Christopher+%28subscription+needed%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F18668%3F%26docPos%3D10%26backToResults%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/1120?&docPos=11&backToResults=">"Oxford DNB article:Baker, Henry (subscription needed)"</a>. Oxford University Press. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+DNB+article%3ABaker%2C+Henry+%28subscription+needed%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F1120%3F%26docPos%3D11%26backToResults%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/28874?&docPos=12&backToResults=">"Oxford DNB article:Watson, Sir William (subscription needed)"</a>. Oxford University Press. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+DNB+article%3AWatson%2C+Sir+William+%28subscription+needed%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F28874%3F%26docPos%3D12%26backToResults%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130621072606/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Robins.html">"Robins biography"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Robins.html">the original</a> on 21 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robins+biography&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FRobins.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cav1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cav1_14-0">۱۴٫۰</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cav1_14-1">۱۴٫۱</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite id="CITEREFJungnickel1996" class="citation book cs1">Jungnickel, Christa (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EUoLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA71&lpg=PA71&dq=%22Gowin+Knight%22+copley+medal&source=web&ots=qkgEYLbmyD&sig=7QmOJ-VITbyQ7qtheKyj-dFsF0Y&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=5&ct=result"><i>Cavendish</i></a>. DIANE publishing<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cavendish&rft.pub=DIANE+publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Jungnickel&rft.aufirst=Christa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEUoLAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA71%26lpg%3DPA71%26dq%3D%2522Gowin%2BKnight%2522%2Bcopley%2Bmedal%26source%3Dweb%26ots%3DqkgEYLbmyD%26sig%3D7QmOJ-VITbyQ7qtheKyj-dFsF0Y%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26resnum%3D5%26ct%3Dresult&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/bradley.html">"Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics and You – Timeline – James Bradley"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Florida_State_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Florida State University (صفحه وجود ندارد)">Florida State University</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Molecular+Expressions%3A+Science%2C+Optics+and+You+%E2%80%93+Timeline+%E2%80%93+James+Bradley&rft.pub=Florida+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmicro.magnet.fsu.edu%2Foptics%2Ftimeline%2Fpeople%2Fbradley.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cav2-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-cav2_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite id="CITEREFJungnickel1996" class="citation book cs1">Jungnickel, Christa (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EUoLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA99&lpg=PA99&dq=%22+John+Harrison%22+copley+medal&source=web&ots=qkgEYLbstx&sig=ohEXM_GtonJgNU5x08Clq5-gViA&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=7&ct=result"><i>Cavendish</i></a>. DIANE publishing<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cavendish&rft.pub=DIANE+publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Jungnickel&rft.aufirst=Christa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEUoLAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA99%26lpg%3DPA99%26dq%3D%2522%2BJohn%2BHarrison%2522%2Bcopley%2Bmedal%26source%3Dweb%26ots%3DqkgEYLbstx%26sig%3DohEXM_GtonJgNU5x08Clq5-gViA%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26resnum%3D7%26ct%3Dresult&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071005131755/http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/heritage/GeorgeEdwards/patrons.htm">"RCP Heritage – George Edwards"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_College_of_Physicians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal College of Physicians (صفحه وجود ندارد)">Royal College of Physicians</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/heritage/GeorgeEdwards/patrons.htm">the original</a> on October 5, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RCP+Heritage+%E2%80%93+George+Edwards&rft.pub=Royal+College+of+Physicians&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcplondon.ac.uk%2Fheritage%2FGeorgeEdwards%2Fpatrons.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cav3-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cav3_18-0">۱۸٫۰</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cav3_18-1">۱۸٫۱</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite id="CITEREFJungnickel1996" class="citation book cs1">Jungnickel, Christa (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EUoLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA100&lpg=PA100&dq=%22John+Canton%22+copley+medal&source=web&ots=qkgEYLbtAw&sig=ZhaNt07gna2A9E3iuxvsQw2aYqo&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=9&ct=result#PPA100,M1"><i>Cavendish</i></a>. DIANE publishing<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cavendish&rft.pub=DIANE+publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Jungnickel&rft.aufirst=Christa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEUoLAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA100%26lpg%3DPA100%26dq%3D%2522John%2BCanton%2522%2Bcopley%2Bmedal%26source%3Dweb%26ots%3DqkgEYLbtAw%26sig%3DZhaNt07gna2A9E3iuxvsQw2aYqo%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26resnum%3D9%26ct%3Dresult%23PPA100%2CM1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/22805">"Oxford DNB article:Pringle, Sir John (subscription needed)"</a>. Oxford University Press. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+DNB+article%3APringle%2C+Sir+John+%28subscription+needed%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F22805&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130405034107/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Franklin_Benjamin.html">"Franklin_Benjamin biography"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Franklin_Benjamin.html">the original</a> on 5 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Franklin_Benjamin+biography&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FBiographies%2FFranklin_Benjamin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0c-8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA53&lpg=PA53&dq=%22William+Lewis%22+copley+medal&source=web&ots=50dPYornfI&sig=u2zhMopQ1XYENwt-e9yVe7dPtTc&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result"><i>Science and Technology in the Industrial Revolution</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manchester_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manchester University Press (صفحه وجود ندارد)">Manchester University Press</a>. 1969<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+and+Technology+in+the+Industrial+Revolution&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1969&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0c-8AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA53%26lpg%3DPA53%26dq%3D%2522William%2BLewis%2522%2Bcopley%2Bmedal%26source%3Dweb%26ots%3D50dPYornfI%26sig%3Du2zhMopQ1XYENwt-e9yVe7dPtTc%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26resnum%3D10%26ct%3Dresult&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/14319?&docPos=22&backToResults=">"Oxford DNB article:Huxham, John (subscription needed)"</a>. Oxford University Press. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+DNB+article%3AHuxham%2C+John+%28subscription+needed%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F14319%3F%26docPos%3D22%26backToResults%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/49855/7783">"Oxford DNB article:Dollond family (subscription needed)"</a>. Oxford University Press. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+DNB+article%3ADollond+family+%28subscription+needed%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F49855%2F7783&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.engineering-timelines.com/who/Smeaton_J/smeatonJohn5.asp">"Engineering Timelines – John Smeaton"</a>. Engineering Timelines<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Engineering+Timelines+%E2%80%93+John+Smeaton&rft.pub=Engineering+Timelines&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.engineering-timelines.com%2Fwho%2FSmeaton_J%2FsmeatonJohn5.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/29641?&docPos=25&backToResults=">"Oxford DNB article:Wilson, Benjamin (subscription needed)"</a>. Oxford University Press. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+DNB+article%3AWilson%2C+Benjamin+%28subscription+needed%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F29641%3F%26docPos%3D25%26backToResults%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/bshm/zingaz/LondonPeopleA.html">"The British Society for the History of Mathematics"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Society_for_the_History_of_Mathematics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British Society for the History of Mathematics (صفحه وجود ندارد)">British Society for the History of Mathematics</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+British+Society+for+the+History+of+Mathematics&rft.pub=British+Society+for+the+History+of+Mathematics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dcs.warwick.ac.uk%2Fbshm%2Fzingaz%2FLondonPeopleA.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6HlO48uZ9?url=http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cats/9/9662.htm">"AIM25 text-only browsing: Royal College of Surgeons of England Ellis, John (c 1710–1776)"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aim25&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aim25 (صفحه وجود ندارد)">Aim25</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cats/9/9662.htm">the original</a> on 30 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AIM25+text-only+browsing%3A+Royal+College+of+Surgeons+of+England+Ellis%2C+John+%28c+1710%E2%80%931776%29&rft.pub=Aim25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aim25.ac.uk%2Fcats%2F9%2F9662.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/30007?&docPos=31&backToResults=">"Oxford DNB article:Woulfe, Peter"</a>. Oxford University Press. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+DNB+article%3AWoulfe%2C+Peter&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F30007%3F%26docPos%3D31%26backToResults%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJH%2FBJH39_01%2FS0007087405007600a.pdf&code=f55e6aa4b80edf3a215d621ee092fd38">"Making and circulating knowledge through Sir William Hamilton's Campi Plhegraei"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_British_Society_for_the_History_of_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The British Society for the History of Science (صفحه وجود ندارد)">The British Society for the History of Science</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Making+and+circulating+knowledge+through+Sir+William+Hamilton%27s+Campi+Plhegraei&rft.pub=The+British+Society+for+the+History+of+Science&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.cambridge.org%2Fdownload.php%3Ffile%3D%252FBJH%252FBJH39_01%252FS0007087405007600a.pdf%26code%3Df55e6aa4b80edf3a215d621ee092fd38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6HrOvg3fX?url=http://www.berkshirehistory.com/bios/jwalsh.html">"Berkshire History: Biographies: Lieut-Col. John Walsh (1726–1795)"</a>. Nash Ford Publishing. 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.berkshirehistory.com/bios/jwalsh.html">the original</a> on 4 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Berkshire+History%3A+Biographies%3A+Lieut-Col.+John+Walsh+%281726%E2%80%931795%29&rft.pub=Nash+Ford+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.berkshirehistory.com%2Fbios%2Fjwalsh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131112234932/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Maskelyne.html">"Maskelyne biography"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Maskelyne.html">the original</a> on 12 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maskelyne+biography&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FBiographies%2FMaskelyne.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-haw-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-haw_32-0">۳۲٫۰</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-haw_32-1">۳۲٫۱</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205132853/http://www.trinhall.cam.ac.uk/news/article.asp?ItemID=734">"Stephen Hawking wins Copley Medal"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinity_College,_Cambridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trinity College, Cambridge (صفحه وجود ندارد)">Trinity College, Cambridge</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trinhall.cam.ac.uk/news/article.asp?ItemID=734">the original</a> on 2008-12-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stephen+Hawking+wins+Copley+Medal&rft.pub=Trinity+College%2C+Cambridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trinhall.cam.ac.uk%2Fnews%2Farticle.asp%3FItemID%3D734&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130621091323/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Hutton.html">"Hutton summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Hutton.html">the original</a> on 21 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hutton+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FHutton.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nla-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nla_34-0">۳۴٫۰</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nla_34-1">۳۴٫۱</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nla_34-2">۳۴٫۲</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nla.gov.au/cdview/nla.ms-ms9-15">"Digital Collections – Manuscripts – Item 15a – 15z, 15(1) – 15(20): Addresses to the Royal Society, London the first on being appointed to the Chair and later addresses on presentations of the Copley Medal, 1778–1796"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Australia (صفحه وجود ندارد)">National Library of Australia</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Digital+Collections+%E2%80%93+Manuscripts+%E2%80%93+Item+15a+%E2%80%93+15z%2C+15%281%29+%E2%80%93+15%2820%29%3A+Addresses+to+the+Royal+Society%2C+London+the+first+on+being+appointed+to+the+Chair+and+later+addresses+on+presentations+of+the+Copley+Medal%2C+1778%E2%80%931796.&rft.pub=National+Library+of+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nla.gov.au%2Fcdview%2Fnla.ms-ms9-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/herschel.html">"Friedrich William Herschel"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Florida_State_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Florida State University (صفحه وجود ندارد)">Florida State University</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Friedrich+William+Herschel&rft.pub=Florida+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmicro.magnet.fsu.edu%2Foptics%2Ftimeline%2Fpeople%2Fherschel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Waring.html">"Waring summary"</a>. University of St Andrews<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Waring+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FWaring.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.electricscotland.com/history/other/roy_william.htm">"William Roy"</a>. Electric Scotland<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+Roy&rft.pub=Electric+Scotland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.electricscotland.com%2Fhistory%2Fother%2Froy_william.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hemonctoday.com/article.aspx?rid=36439">"John Hunter: 'Founder of Scientific Surgery' – HemOnc Today"</a>. HemOnc Today<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Hunter%3A+%E2%80%98Founder+of+Scientific+Surgery%E2%80%99+%E2%80%93+HemOnc+Today&rft.pub=HemOnc+Today&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hemonctoday.com%2Farticle.aspx%3Frid%3D36439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%88:Cite_web" title="الگو:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Italic or bold markup not allowed in: <code class="cs1-code">|publisher=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup" class="mw-redirect" title="راهنما:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/2553?&docPos=47&backToResults=">"Oxford DNB article:Blagden, Charles (subscription needed)"</a>. Oxford University Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+DNB+article%3ABlagden%2C+Charles+%28subscription+needed%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F2553%3F%26docPos%3D47%26backToResults%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/19244?&docPos=48&backToResults=">"Oxford DNB article:Morgan, William (subscription needed)"</a>. Oxford University Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+DNB+article%3AMorgan%2C+William+%28subscription+needed%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F19244%3F%26docPos%3D48%26backToResults%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RoyalSocCitations-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-RoyalSocCitations_41-0">۴۱٫۰</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-RoyalSocCitations_41-1">۴۱٫۱</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/awards/copley-medal/">"Copley Medal | Royal Society"</a>. <i>royalsociety.org</i>. The Royal Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=royalsociety.org&rft.atitle=Copley+Medal+%7C+Royal+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fawards%2Fcopley-medal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/27255">"Oxford DNB article: Thompson, Sir Benjamin (subscription needed)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+DNB+article%3A+Thompson%2C+Sir+Benjamin+%28subscription+needed%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F27255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130404231657/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Ramsden.html">"Ramsden summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Ramsden.html">the original</a> on 4 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ramsden+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FRamsden.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130405125720/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Atwood.html">"Attwood summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Atwood.html">the original</a> on 5 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Attwood+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FAtwood.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/12595?&docPos=55&backToResults=">"Oxford DNB article:Hatchett, Charles (subscription needed)"</a>. Oxford University Press. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+DNB+article%3AHatchett%2C+Charles+%28subscription+needed%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F12595%3F%26docPos%3D55%26backToResults%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/bshm/zingaz/LondonPeopleH.html#hel">"British Society for the History of Mathematics"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Warwick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Warwick (صفحه وجود ندارد)">University of Warwick</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Society+for+the+History+of+Mathematics&rft.pub=University+of+Warwick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dcs.warwick.ac.uk%2Fbshm%2Fzingaz%2FLondonPeopleH.html%23hel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite id="CITEREFSears" class="citation web cs1">Sears, Derek. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090320010931/http://www.uark.edu/depts/cosmo/publications/pub%20by%20year/1976%20papers/sears%201976.pdf">"Edward Charles Howard"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University of Arkansas. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uark.edu/depts/cosmo/publications/pub%20by%20year/1976%20papers/sears%201976.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2009-03-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edward+Charles+Howard&rft.pub=University+of+Arkansas&rft.aulast=Sears&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uark.edu%2Fdepts%2Fcosmo%2Fpublications%2Fpub%2520by%2520year%2F1976%2520papers%2Fsears%25201976.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606124810/http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/vcdf/detail?coll_id=6888&inst_id=9">"Cooper, Sir Astley Paston (1768–1841)"</a>. Aim25. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/vcdf/detail?coll_id=6888&inst_id=9">the original</a> on 6 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cooper%2C+Sir+Astley+Paston+%281768%E2%80%931841%29&rft.pub=Aim25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aim25.ac.uk%2Fcgi-bin%2Fvcdf%2Fdetail%3Fcoll_id%3D6888%26inst_id%3D9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090408220859/http://chem.ch.huji.ac.il/history/wollaston.html">"Wollaston"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem (صفحه وجود ندارد)">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chem.ch.huji.ac.il/history/wollaston.html">the original</a> on 8 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wollaston&rft.pub=Hebrew+University+of+Jerusalem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchem.ch.huji.ac.il%2Fhistory%2Fwollaston.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite id="CITEREFGriffith" class="citation web cs1">Griffith, WP. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6HrP6vKEt?url=http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/article/47/4/175-183/">"PMR: Bicentenary of Four Platinum Group Metals"</a>. Platinum Metals Review. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/dynamic/article/view/47-4-175-183">the original</a> on 4 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PMR%3A+Bicentenary+of+Four+Platinum+Group+Metals&rft.pub=Platinum+Metals+Review&rft.aulast=Griffith&rft.aufirst=WP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.platinummetalsreview.com%2Fdynamic%2Farticle%2Fview%2F47-4-175-183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite id="CITEREFGriffith" class="citation web cs1">Griffith, WP. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6HrP8Kp9T?url=http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/article/48/4/182-189/">"PMR: Bicentenary of Four Platinum Group Metals"</a>. Platinum Metals Review. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/dynamic/article/view/48-4-182-189">the original</a> on 4 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PMR%3A+Bicentenary+of+Four+Platinum+Group+Metals&rft.pub=Platinum+Metals+Review&rft.aulast=Griffith&rft.aufirst=WP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.platinummetalsreview.com%2Fdynamic%2Farticle%2Fview%2F48-4-182-189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-od-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od_52-0">۵۲٫۰۰</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od_52-1">۵۲٫۰۱</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od_52-2">۵۲٫۰۲</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od_52-3">۵۲٫۰۳</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od_52-4">۵۲٫۰۴</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od_52-5">۵۲٫۰۵</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od_52-6">۵۲٫۰۶</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od_52-7">۵۲٫۰۷</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od_52-8">۵۲٫۰۸</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od_52-9">۵۲٫۰۹</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od_52-10">۵۲٫۱۰</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od_52-11">۵۲٫۱۱</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od_52-12">۵۲٫۱۲</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od_52-13">۵۲٫۱۳</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od_52-14">۵۲٫۱۴</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od_52-15">۵۲٫۱۵</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od_52-16">۵۲٫۱۶</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od_52-17">۵۲٫۱۷</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od_52-18">۵۲٫۱۸</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od_52-19">۵۲٫۱۹</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od_52-20">۵۲٫۲۰</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od_52-21">۵۲٫۲۱</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od_52-22">۵۲٫۲۲</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od_52-23">۵۲٫۲۳</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od_52-24">۵۲٫۲۴</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/public/themes/93/93188.html">"Oxford DNB theme: Holders of the Copley Medal (subscription needed)"</a>. Oxford University Press. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+DNB+theme%3A+Holders+of+the+Copley+Medal+%28subscription+needed%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fpublic%2Fthemes%2F93%2F93188.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite id="CITEREFDarrow" class="citation web cs1">Darrow, GM. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130320020304/http://www.nal.usda.gov/pgdic/Strawberry/book/boksix.htm">"Early Breeding in Europe"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_National_Agricultural_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States National Agricultural Library (صفحه وجود ندارد)">United States National Agricultural Library</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nal.usda.gov/pgdic/Strawberry/book/boksix.htm">the original</a> on 20 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Early+Breeding+in+Europe&rft.pub=United+States+National+Agricultural+Library&rft.aulast=Darrow&rft.aufirst=GM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nal.usda.gov%2Fpgdic%2FStrawberry%2Fbook%2Fboksix.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130621073851/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Troughton.html">"Troughton Summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Troughton.html">the original</a> on 21 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Troughton+Summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FTroughton.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan" class="citation web cs1">Buchanan, W.W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/42/5/689">"Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie (1783–1862)"</a>. British Society for Rheumatology<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sir+Benjamin+Collins+Brodie+%281783%E2%80%931862%29&rft.pub=British+Society+for+Rheumatology&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=W.W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frheumatology.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F42%2F5%2F689&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130621085632/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Ivory.html">"Ivory summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Ivory.html">the original</a> on 21 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ivory+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FIvory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081104232554/http://www-ah.st-andrews.ac.uk/mgstud/reflect/david.html">"Sir David Brewster (1781–1868)"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-ah.st-andrews.ac.uk/mgstud/reflect/david.html">the original</a> on 2008-11-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sir+David+Brewster+%281781%E2%80%931868%29&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-ah.st-andrews.ac.uk%2Fmgstud%2Freflect%2Fdavid.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp02471">"Henry Kater (1777–1835), Scientist"</a>. National Portrait Gallery<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Henry+Kater+%281777%E2%80%931835%29%2C+Scientist&rft.pub=National+Portrait+Gallery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npg.org.uk%2Fcollections%2Fsearch%2Fperson.php%3FLinkID%3Dmp02471&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121006040936/http://www.springerlink.com/content/k231425486v66866">"SpringerLink – Book Chapter"</a>. <i>Hans Christian Ørsted And The Romantic Legacy In Science</i>. SpringerLink: 417–432. <a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="شناساگر اشیاء دیجیتال">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-2987-5_19">10.1007/978-1-4020-2987-5_19</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/k231425486v66866/">the original</a> on 6 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hans+Christian+%C3%98rsted+And+The+Romantic+Legacy+In+Science&rft.atitle=SpringerLink+%E2%80%93+Book+Chapter&rft.pages=417-432&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4020-2987-5_19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk231425486v66866%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-her1-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-her1_60-0">۶۰٫۰</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-her1_60-1">۶۰٫۱</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130717110803/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Herschel.html">"Herschel summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Herschel.html">the original</a> on 17 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Herschel+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FHerschel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tc.umn.edu/~allch001/1815/buckland.htm">"William Buckland & Reliquae Diluvianae"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Minnesota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Minnesota (صفحه وجود ندارد)">University of Minnesota</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+Buckland+%26+Reliquae+Diluvianae&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tc.umn.edu%2F~allch001%2F1815%2Fbuckland.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/bshm/zingaz/D.html">"The British Society for the History of Mathematics"</a>. The British Society for the History of Mathematics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+British+Society+for+the+History+of+Mathematics&rft.pub=The+British+Society+for+the+History+of+Mathematics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dcs.warwick.ac.uk%2Fbshm%2Fzingaz%2FD.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131024211723/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Arago.html">"Arago summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Arago.html">the original</a> on 24 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arago+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FArago.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080604184845/http://www.bpccs.com/lcas/Articles/jsouth.htm">"Lake County Astronomical Society"</a>. Lake County Astronomical Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bpccs.com/lcas/Articles/jsouth.htm">the original</a> on June 4, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lake+County+Astronomical+Society&rft.pub=Lake+County+Astronomical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bpccs.com%2Flcas%2FArticles%2Fjsouth.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fZSNUcPL8AYC&pg=PA87&lpg=PA87&dq=%22Henry+Foster%22+copley+medal&source=web&ots=5khcTd1zOM&sig=6YKaCBZqF-mJ5tPSIdXnMGiVrgw&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=2&ct=result"><i>The Gentleman's Magazine</i></a>. The Gentleman's Magazine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gentleman%27s+Magazine&rft.pub=The+Gentleman%27s+Magazine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfZSNUcPL8AYC%26pg%3DPA87%26lpg%3DPA87%26dq%3D%2522Henry%2BFoster%2522%2Bcopley%2Bmedal%26source%3Dweb%26ots%3D5khcTd1zOM%26sig%3D6YKaCBZqF-mJ5tPSIdXnMGiVrgw%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26resnum%3D2%26ct%3Dresult&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130823145004/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Airy.html">"Airy summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Airy.html">the original</a> on 23 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Airy+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FAiry.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131024201248/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Poisson.html">"Poisson summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Poisson.html">the original</a> on 24 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poisson+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FPoisson.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Plana.html">"Plana biography"</a>. University of St Andrews<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Plana+biography&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FPlana.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chambersharrap.co.uk/chambers/features/chref/chref.py/main?query=PN02036&xref=y&title=biog">"Chambers Search Chambers"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chambers_Harrap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chambers Harrap (صفحه وجود ندارد)">Chambers Harrap</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chambers+Search+Chambers&rft.pub=Chambers+Harrap&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chambersharrap.co.uk%2Fchambers%2Ffeatures%2Fchref%2Fchref.py%2Fmain%3Fquery%3DPN02036%26xref%3Dy%26title%3Dbiog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203042847/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Gauss.html">"Gauss summary"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_St_Andrews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of St Andrews (صفحه وجود ندارد)">University of St Andrews</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Gauss.html">the original</a> on 3 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gauss+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FGauss.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/3645">"Oxford DNB article:Brown, Robert (subscription needed)"</a>. Oxford University Press. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+DNB+article%3ABrown%2C+Robert+%28subscription+needed%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F3645&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite id="CITEREFBrock2002" class="citation book cs1">Brock, William H. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VugoemP2th0C&dq=%22Justus+Liebig%22+copley+medal&printsec=frontcover&source=in&hl=en&ei=Ql-XSaycEc-X-gbu8bCPCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=12&ct=result#PPA98,M1"><i>Justus Von Liebig: The Chemical Gatekeeper</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Justus+Von+Liebig%3A+The+Chemical+Gatekeeper&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Brock&rft.aufirst=William+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVugoemP2th0C%26dq%3D%2522Justus%2BLiebig%2522%2Bcopley%2Bmedal%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Din%26hl%3Den%26ei%3DQl-XSaycEc-X-gbu8bCPCQ%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26resnum%3D12%26ct%3Dresult%23PPA98%2CM1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130204222546/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Sturm.html">"Sturm summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Sturm.html">the original</a> on 4 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sturm+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FSturm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131105233428/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Ohm.html">"Ohm biography"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Ohm.html">the original</a> on 5 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ohm+biography&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FBiographies%2FOhm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121027052303/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/MacCullagh.html">"MacCullagh summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/MacCullagh.html">the original</a> on 27 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MacCullagh+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FMacCullagh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite id="CITEREFMorselli,_Mario1984" class="citation book cs1">Morselli, Mario (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=Cv2OdFwpk-kC&pg=PA129&lpg=PA129&dq=%22Carlo+Matteucci%22+copley+medal"><i>Amedeo Avogadro, a Scientific Biography</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer</a>. <a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="شماره استاندارد بین‌المللی کتاب">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8/978-90-277-1624-8" title="ویژه:منابع کتاب/978-90-277-1624-8"><bdi>978-90-277-1624-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amedeo+Avogadro%2C+a+Scientific+Biography&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-90-277-1624-8&rft.au=Morselli%2C+Mario&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DCv2OdFwpk-kC%26pg%3DPA129%26lpg%3DPA129%26dq%3D%2522Carlo%2BMatteucci%2522%2Bcopley%2Bmedal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131024042955/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Le_Verrier.html">"Le Verrier biography"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Le_Verrier.html">the original</a> on 24 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+Verrier+biography&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FBiographies%2FLe_Verrier.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131112234832/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Adams.html">"Adams summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Adams.html">the original</a> on 12 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adams+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FAdams.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130630021400/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/book/10.1002/047001590X">"Own, Richard: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiley_InterScience&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiley InterScience (صفحه وجود ندارد)">Wiley InterScience</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mrw.interscience.wiley.com/emrw/9780470015902/els/article/a0002450/current/abstract">the original</a> on 30 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Own%2C+Richard%3A+Encyclopedia+of+Life+Sciences&rft.pub=Wiley+InterScience&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmrw.interscience.wiley.com%2Femrw%2F9780470015902%2Fels%2Farticle%2Fa0002450%2Fcurrent%2Fabstract&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080223005149/http://www.nahste.ac.uk/isaar/GB_0237_NAHSTE_P0400.html">"Humboldt – Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander – von – 1769–1859 – Baron – German naturalist, geologist and explorer"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Edinburgh (صفحه وجود ندارد)">University of Edinburgh</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nahste.ac.uk/isaar/GB_0237_NAHSTE_P0400.html">the original</a> on 2008-02-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Humboldt+%E2%80%93+Friedrich+Wilhelm+Heinrich+Alexander+%E2%80%93+von+%E2%80%93+1769%E2%80%931859+%E2%80%93+Baron+%E2%80%93+German+naturalist%2C+geologist+and+explorer&rft.pub=University+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nahste.ac.uk%2Fisaar%2FGB_0237_NAHSTE_P0400.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yale.edu/perception/Brian/misc/lineage/">"BjS: Academic Lineage"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yale_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yale University (صفحه وجود ندارد)">Yale University</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BjS%3A+Academic+Lineage&rft.pub=Yale+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yale.edu%2Fperception%2FBrian%2Fmisc%2Flineage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130504180112/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Weber.html">"Weber summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Weber.html">the original</a> on 4 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weber+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FWeber.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051216151117/http://www.aps-pub.com/proceedings/1454/411.pdf">"Darwin and the Copley Medal"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Philosophical_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Philosophical Society (صفحه وجود ندارد)">American Philosophical Society</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aps-pub.com/proceedings/1454/411.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on December 16, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Darwin+and+the+Copley+Medal&rft.pub=American+Philosophical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aps-pub.com%2Fproceedings%2F1454%2F411.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080512043043/http://www.amphilsoc.org/library/mole/s/sedgwick.htm">"Adam Sedgwick Collection"</a>. American Philosophical Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amphilsoc.org/library/mole/s/sedgwick.htm">the original</a> on May 12, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adam+Sedgwick+Collection&rft.pub=American+Philosophical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amphilsoc.org%2Flibrary%2Fmole%2Fs%2Fsedgwick.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130809153628/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Chasles.html">"Chasles summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Chasles.html">the original</a> on 9 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chasles+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FChasles.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605212955/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Plucker.html">"Plucker summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Plucker.html">the original</a> on 5 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Plucker+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FPlucker.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130225034524/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Helmholtz.html">"Helmholtz summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Helmholtz.html">the original</a> on 25 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Helmholtz+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FHelmholtz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5wEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=%22August+Wilhelm+Hofmann%22+copley+medal&source=web&ots=9DZlVcbutv&sig=mS6twqbqJEb88x9cip6DWf5H5iY&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=2&ct=result#PPA14,M1"><i>Chemical News and Journal of Industrial Science</i></a>. Journal of Industrial Science<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemical+News+and+Journal+of+Industrial+Science&rft.pub=Journal+of+Industrial+Science&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ5wEAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA13%26lpg%3DPA13%26dq%3D%2522August%2BWilhelm%2BHofmann%2522%2Bcopley%2Bmedal%26source%3Dweb%26ots%3D9DZlVcbutv%26sig%3DmS6twqbqJEb88x9cip6DWf5H5iY%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26resnum%3D2%26ct%3Dresult%23PPA14%2CM1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-89">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/reprint/84/1/1.pdf">"Jean Baptiste Boussingault"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Nutrition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Nutrition (صفحه وجود ندارد)">Journal of Nutrition</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jean+Baptiste+Boussingault&rft.pub=Journal+of+Nutrition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjn.nutrition.org%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F84%2F1%2F1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-90">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Clausius.html">"Clausius summary"</a>. University of St Andrews<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clausius+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FClausius.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-91">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Sylvester.html">"Sylvester summary"</a>. University of St Andrews<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sylvester+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FSylvester.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-92">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Cayley.html">"Cayley summary"</a>. University of St Andrews<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cayley+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FCayley.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-93">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528061113/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Thomson.html">"Thompson summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Thomson.html">the original</a> on 28 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thompson+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FThomson.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-94">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120805152101/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Neumann_Franz.html">"Neumann_Franz summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Neumann_Franz.html">the original</a> on 5 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Neumann_Franz+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FNeumann_Franz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-95">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130621081057/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Salmon.html">"Salmon summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Salmon.html">the original</a> on 21 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salmon+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FSalmon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-96">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130807081722/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Newcomb.html">"Newcomb summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Newcomb.html">the original</a> on 7 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Newcomb+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FNewcomb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-97">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131028201732/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Stokes.html">"Stokes summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Stokes.html">the original</a> on 28 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stokes+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FStokes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-98">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scienceandsociety.co.uk/results.asp?image=10419362">"Sir Edward Frankland, English chemist, c 1863–1883"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_and_Society_Picture_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Science and Society Picture Library (صفحه وجود ندارد)">Science and Society Picture Library</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sir+Edward+Frankland%2C+English+chemist%2C+c+1863%E2%80%931883.&rft.pub=Science+and+Society+Picture+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceandsociety.co.uk%2Fresults.asp%3Fimage%3D10419362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-99">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Weierstrass.html">"Weierstrass summary"</a>. University of St Andrews<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weierstrass+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FWeierstrass.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-100">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131112235500/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Rayleigh.html">"Rayleigh summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Rayleigh.html">the original</a> on 12 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rayleigh+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FRayleigh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-101">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131030043340/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Gibbs.html">"Gibbs summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Gibbs.html">the original</a> on 30 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gibbs+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FGibbs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-od2-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-0">۱۰۲٫۰۰</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-1">۱۰۲٫۰۱</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-2">۱۰۲٫۰۲</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-3">۱۰۲٫۰۳</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-4">۱۰۲٫۰۴</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-5">۱۰۲٫۰۵</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-6">۱۰۲٫۰۶</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-7">۱۰۲٫۰۷</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-8">۱۰۲٫۰۸</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-9">۱۰۲٫۰۹</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-10">۱۰۲٫۱۰</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-11">۱۰۲٫۱۱</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-12">۱۰۲٫۱۲</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-13">۱۰۲٫۱۳</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-14">۱۰۲٫۱۴</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-15">۱۰۲٫۱۵</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-16">۱۰۲٫۱۶</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-17">۱۰۲٫۱۷</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-18">۱۰۲٫۱۸</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-19">۱۰۲٫۱۹</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-20">۱۰۲٫۲۰</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-21">۱۰۲٫۲۱</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-22">۱۰۲٫۲۲</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-23">۱۰۲٫۲۳</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-24">۱۰۲٫۲۴</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-25">۱۰۲٫۲۵</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-26">۱۰۲٫۲۶</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-od2_102-27">۱۰۲٫۲۷</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/public/themes/93/93188.html">"Oxford DNB theme: Holders of the Copley Medal"</a>. Oxford University Press. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+DNB+theme%3A+Holders+of+the+Copley+Medal&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fpublic%2Fthemes%2F93%2F93188.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-103">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605061945/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Klein.html">"Klein summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Klein.html">the original</a> on 5 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Klein+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FKlein.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-104">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120712030653/http://sabella.mba.ac.uk/1304/01/Obituary_Edwin_Ray_Lankester_.pdf">"Obituary: Edwin Ray Lankester"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Marine Biological Laboratory. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sabella.mba.ac.uk/1304/01/Obituary_Edwin_Ray_Lankester_.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Obituary%3A+Edwin+Ray+Lankester&rft.pub=National+Marine+Biological+Laboratory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsabella.mba.ac.uk%2F1304%2F01%2FObituary_Edwin_Ray_Lankester_.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-105">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.royalsociety.org/content/fwufe488th0mvhlj/">"Notes and Records of the Royal Society"</a>. Royal Society Publishing<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Notes+and+Records+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.pub=Royal+Society+Publishing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.royalsociety.org%2Fcontent%2Ffwufe488th0mvhlj%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-106">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biochemj.org/bj/019/0165/0190165.pdf">"Obituary notice: Horace Tabberer Brown"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Biochemical Journal<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Obituary+notice%3A+Horace+Tabberer+Brown&rft.pub=Biochemical+Journal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biochemj.org%2Fbj%2F019%2F0165%2F0190165.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-107">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130720090144/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Larmor.html">"Larmour summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Larmor.html">the original</a> on 20 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Larmour+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FLarmor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-108">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131113003519/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Lamb.html">"Lamb summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Lamb.html">the original</a> on 13 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lamb+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FLamb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-109">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/33977?&docPos=123&backToResults=">"Oxford DNB article: Hopkins, Sir Frederick (subscription needed)"</a>. Oxford University Press. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+DNB+article%3A+Hopkins%2C+Sir+Frederick+%28subscription+needed%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F33977%3F%26docPos%3D123%26backToResults%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-110">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1932/sherrington-bio.html">"Sir Charles Sherrington – Biography"</a>. Nobel Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Planck+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FPlanck.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-112">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1915/wh-bragg-bio.html">"William Bragg – Biography"</a>. Nobel Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Avery Collection: Biographical Information"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States National Library of Medicine (صفحه وجود ندارد)">United States National Library of Medicine</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sir+Hans+Adolf+Krebs&rft.pub=nobel-winners.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobel-winners.com%2FMedicine%2Fhans_adolf_krebs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-142">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/32367?&docPos=152&backToResults=">"Oxford DNB article:Hinshelwood, Sir Cyril Norman (subscription needed)"</a>. Oxford University Press. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Oxford University Press. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+DNB+article%3AChapman%2C+Sydney+%28subscription+needed%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F33888%3F%26docPos%3D150%26backToResults%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-144">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121230043109/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Hodge.html">"Hodge summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Hodge.html">the original</a> on 30 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hodge+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FHodge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-145">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070921132136/http://www.usyd.edu.au/alumni/about/profiles/individuals/john_cornforth.shtml">"Emeritus Professor Sir John Cornforth – Alumni & Friends"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Sydney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Sydney (صفحه وجود ندارد)">University of Sydney</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usyd.edu.au/alumni/about/profiles/individuals/john_cornforth.shtml">the original</a> on 2007-09-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Emeritus+Professor+Sir+John+Cornforth+%E2%80%93+Alumni+%26+Friends&rft.pub=University+of+Sydney&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usyd.edu.au%2Falumni%2Fabout%2Fprofiles%2Findividuals%2Fjohn_cornforth.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-146">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Chandrasekhar.html">"Chandrasekhar biography"</a>. University of St Andrews<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chandrasekhar+biography&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FBiographies%2FChandrasekhar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-147">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130405153242/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Atiyah.html">"Atiyah biography"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Atiyah.html">the original</a> on 5 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atiyah+biography&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FBiographies%2FAtiyah.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-148">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/64072?&docPos=170&backToResults=">"Oxford DNB article:Salam, Abdus (subscription needed)"</a>. Oxford University Press. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+DNB+article%3ASalam%2C+Abdus+%28subscription+needed%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F64072%3F%26docPos%3D170%26backToResults%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-149">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/77183?&docPos=171&backToResults=">"Oxford DNB article:Porter, George (subscription needed)"</a>. Oxford University Press. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+DNB+article%3APorter%2C+George+%28subscription+needed%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F77183%3F%26docPos%3D171%26backToResults%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-150">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://royalsociety.org/awards/copley-medal/">"Copley Medal"</a>. <i>Royal Society website</i>. The Royal Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Society+website&rft.atitle=Copley+Medal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fawards%2Fcopley-medal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-151">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200523121101/https://www.mrs.org/error-pages/error404?404%3Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.mrs.org%3A443%2Fs_mrs%2Fdoc.asp%3FCID=14595&DID=86190">"MRS Website: Award Presentations"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Materials_Research_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Materials Research Society (صفحه وجود ندارد)">Materials Research Society</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mrs.org/s_mrs/doc.asp?CID=14595&DID=86190">the original</a> on 23 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MRS+Website%3A+Award+Presentations&rft.pub=Materials+Research+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mrs.org%2Fs_mrs%2Fdoc.asp%3FCID%3D14595%26DID%3D86190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-152">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131113002829/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Lighthill.html">"Lighthill summary"</a>. University of St Andrews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Lighthill.html">the original</a> on 13 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lighthill+summary&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FMathematicians%2FLighthill.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-153">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genetics.org/cgi/content/full/168/3/1105">"John Maynard Smith January 6, 1920 – April 19, 2004"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetics_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetics (journal) (صفحه وجود ندارد)">Genetics</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Maynard+Smith+January+6%2C+1920+%E2%80%93+April+19%2C+2004&rft.pub=Genetics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.genetics.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F168%2F3%2F1105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-154">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northwestern.edu/observer/issues/2004-04-01/obit.html">"Obituary: John A. Pople"</a>. <i>The Observer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+John+A.+Pople&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northwestern.edu%2Fobserver%2Fissues%2F2004-04-01%2Fobit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-155">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fsu.edu/highlights/faculty.html">"FSU highlights"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Florida_State_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Florida State University (صفحه وجود ندارد)">Florida State University</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FSU+highlights&rft.pub=Florida+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsu.edu%2Fhighlights%2Ffaculty.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-medals2010-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-medals2010_156-0">۱۵۶٫۰</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-medals2010_156-1">۱۵۶٫۱</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Two medals were awarded to celebrate the Society's 350th anniversary: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://royalsociety.org/Awards">"Recent award winners 2010"</a>. The Royal Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Walker&rft.pub=The+Royal+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fpeople%2Fjohn-walker-12475%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AJ2014-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-AJ2014_158-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150516190048/http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/Sir-Alec-wins-science-s-oldest-prize/story-22074042-detail/story.html">"Leicester University Professor Sir Alec Jeffreys wins science's oldest prize"</a>. <i>Leicester Mercury</i>. 5 August 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/Sir-Alec-wins-science-s-oldest-prize/story-22074042-detail/story.html">the original</a> on 16 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Leicester+Mercury&rft.atitle=Leicester+University+Professor+Sir+Alec+Jeffreys+wins+science%27s+oldest+prize&rft.date=2014-08-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leicestermercury.co.uk%2FSir-Alec-wins-science-s-oldest-prize%2Fstory-22074042-detail%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-159">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/people/peter-higgs-11615/">Copley Medal 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-160">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/people/richard-henderson-11607/">Copley Medal 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-161">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r39868036"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/people/andrew-wiles-12529/">"Andrew Wiles"</a>. The Royal Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Andrew+Wiles&rft.pub=The+Royal+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fpeople%2Fandrew-wiles-12529%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffa.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-162">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/copley-medal/">Copley Medal 2018</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-163">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/copley-medal/">Copley Medal 2019</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-164">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/news/2020/08/Medals-and-awards-winners-2020/">Medals and awards winners 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-165">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/news/2021/08/medals-awards-2021/">Medal and award winners 2021</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p><a class="external free" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copley_Medal&oldid=457675488">http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copley_Medal&oldid=457675488</a> </p> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r40355799">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84" title="ادوارد دلاوال">ادوارد دلاوال</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="هنری کاوندیش">هنری کاوندیش</a> (۱۷۶۶)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="جان الیس">جان الیس</a> (۱۷۶۷)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81" title="پیتر ولف">پیتر ولف</a> (۱۷۶۸)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%86" title="ویلیام هیوسن">ویلیام هیوسن</a> (۱۷۶۹)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%87%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="ویلیام همیلتون (دیپلمات)">ویلیام همیلتون</a> (۱۷۷۰)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%B1" title="متیو راپر">متیو راپر</a> (۱۷۷۱)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%DB%8C" title="جوزف پریستلی">جوزف پریستلی</a> (۱۷۷۲)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4" title="جان والش">جان والش</a> (۱۷۷۳)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="نویل مسکلین">نویل مسکلین</a> (۱۷۷۵)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%A9" title="جیمز کوک">جیمز کوک</a> (۱۷۷۶)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="جان ماج">جان ماج</a> (۱۷۷۷)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="چارلز هاتون">چارلز هاتون</a> (۱۷۷۸)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%84_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3" title="ساموئل وینس">ساموئل وینس</a> (۱۷۸۰)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%84" title="ویلیام هرشل">ویلیام هرشل</a> (۱۷۸۱)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ریچارد کیروان">ریچارد کیروان</a> (۱۷۸۲)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="جان گودریک">جان گودریک</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2" title="توماس هاچینز">توماس هاچینز</a> (۱۷۸۳)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="ادوارد وارینگ">ادوارد وارینگ</a> (۱۷۸۴)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C" title="ویلیام روی">ویلیام روی</a> (۱۷۸۵)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1_(%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD)" title="جان هانتر (جراح)">جان هانتر</a> (۱۷۸۷)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%AF%D9%86" title="چارلز بلگدن">چارلز بلگدن</a> (۱۷۸۸)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%DB%8C._%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ویلیام جی. مورگان">ویلیام جی. مورگان</a> (۱۷۸۹)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%84" title="جیمز رنل">جیمز رنل</a> / <a href="/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ژان-آندره دولوک">ژان-آندره دولوک</a> (۱۷۹۱)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="بنجامین تامسون">بنجامین تامسون</a> (۱۷۹۲)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="آلساندرو ولتا">آلساندرو ولتا</a> (۱۷۹۴)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AF%D9%86" title="جسی رمسدن">جسی رمسدن</a> (۱۷۹۵)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF" title="جورج اتوود">جورج اتوود</a> (۱۷۹۶)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="جرج شاکبرگ-ایولین">جرج شاکبرگ-ایولین</a> / <a href="/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%86%D8%AA" title="چارلز هاچت">چارلز هاچت</a> (۱۷۹۸)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2" title="جان هلینز">جان هلینز</a> (۱۷۹۹)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="ادوارد چارلز هاوارد">ادوارد چارلز هاوارد</a> (۱۸۰۰)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%88:%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C_%DB%B1%DB%B7%DB%B3%DB%B1%E2%80%93%DB%B1%DB%B7%DB%B5%DB%B0" title="الگو:برندگان مدال کاپلی ۱۷۳۱–۱۷۵۰">۱۷۳۱–۱۷۵۰</a></li> <li>۱۷۵۱–۱۸۰۰</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%88:%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C_%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B0%DB%B1%E2%80%93%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B5%DB%B0" title="الگو:برندگان مدال کاپلی ۱۸۰۱–۱۸۵۰">۱۸۰۱–۱۸۵۰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%88:%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C_%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B5%DB%B1%E2%80%93%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B0%DB%B0" title="الگو:برندگان مدال کاپلی ۱۸۵۱–۱۹۰۰">۱۸۵۱–۱۹۰۰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%88:%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C_%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B0%DB%B1%E2%80%93%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B5%DB%B0" title="الگو:برندگان مدال کاپلی ۱۹۰۱–۱۹۵۰">۱۹۰۱–۱۹۵۰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%88:%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C_%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B5%DB%B1%E2%80%93%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B0%DB%B0" title="الگو:برندگان مدال کاپلی ۱۹۵۱–۲۰۰۰">۱۹۵۱–۲۰۰۰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%88:%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C_%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B0%DB%B1%E2%80%93%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B5%DB%B0" title="الگو:برندگان مدال کاپلی ۲۰۰۱–۲۰۵۰">۲۰۰۱–تاکنون</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐77c8488b9d‐p57dz Cached time: 20241125095552 Cache expiry: 482656 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 3.485 seconds Real time usage: 3.796 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 20138/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 411995/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 32337/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 30/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 504923/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 2.333/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 19585525/52428800 bytes Lua Profile: 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الگو:Infobox 3.77% 117.039 1 الگو:به_انگلیسی 3.72% 115.440 1 الگو:به_زبان_دیگر 3.67% 113.694 1 الگو:Lang 3.16% 97.997 8 الگو:Cite_book --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key fawiki:pcache:idhash:882864-0!canonical and timestamp 20241125095552 and revision id 40111514. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">برگرفته از «<a dir="ltr" href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=مدال_کاپلی&oldid=40111514">https://fa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=مدال_کاپلی&oldid=40111514</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87:%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="ویژه:رده‌ها">رده‌ها</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C" title="رده:مدال کاپلی">مدال کاپلی</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87:%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF" title="رده:اشیای زراندود">اشیای زراندود</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87:%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="رده:انجمن سلطنتی">انجمن سلطنتی</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87:%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DB%B1%DB%B7%DB%B3%DB%B1_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="رده:بنیان‌گذاری‌های ۱۷۳۱ (میلادی) در بریتانیای کبیر">بنیان‌گذاری‌های ۱۷۳۱ (میلادی) در بریتانیای کبیر</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87:%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="رده:جایزه‌های فیزیک">جایزه‌های فیزیک</a></li><li><a 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