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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Dancing and acting careers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dancing_and_acting_careers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Directing_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Directing_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Directing career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Directing_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Directing career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Directing_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Propaganda_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propaganda_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Propaganda films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propaganda_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iconography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iconography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Iconography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iconography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_of_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Use of music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thwarted_film_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thwarted_film_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Thwarted film projects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thwarted_film_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Detention_and_trials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Detention_and_trials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Detention and trials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Detention_and_trials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa,_photography,_books_and_final_film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa,_photography,_books_and_final_film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Africa, photography, books and final film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa,_photography,_books_and_final_film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_biographies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_biographies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Film biographies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_biographies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Filmography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Filmography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Filmography_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Filmography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acting_roles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acting_roles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Acting roles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acting_roles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Works cited subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Journals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magazines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magazines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Magazines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magazines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Online" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Online"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.4</span> <span>Online</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Online-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Leni Riefenstahl</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 79 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="ليني ريفنستال – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليني ريفنستال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Rifen%C5%9Ftal" title="Leni Rifenştal – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Leni Rifenştal" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2" title="লেনি রিফনশ্টাল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লেনি রিফনশ্টাল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Лені Рыфеншталь – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лені Рыфеншталь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%84%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Лені Рыфэншталь – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лені Рыфэншталь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Лени Рифенщал – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лени Рифенщал" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahlov%C3%A1" title="Leni Riefenstahlová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Leni Riefenstahlová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9_%CE%A1%CE%AF%CF%86%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB" title="Λένι Ρίφενσταλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λένι Ρίφενσταλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="لنی ریفنشتال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لنی ریفنشتال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EB%8B%88_%EB%A6%AC%ED%8E%9C%EC%8A%88%ED%83%88" title="레니 리펜슈탈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레니 리펜슈탈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%8C%D5%AB%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B7%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AC" title="Լենի Ռիֆենշթայլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լենի Ռիֆենշթայլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="लेनी रीफेन्स्टाल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लेनी रीफेन्स्टाल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%94%D7%9C" title="לני ריפנשטאהל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לני ריפנשטאהל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ლენი რიფენშტალი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლენი რიფენშტალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Лени Рифеншталь – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лени Рифеншталь" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Riefenstahl" title="Helena Riefenstahl – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Helena Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenija_R%C4%ABfen%C5%A1t%C4%81le" title="Lenija Rīfenštāle – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lenija Rīfenštāle" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Лени Рифенштал – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лени Рифенштал" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" title="ലെനി റീഫൻസ്റ്റാൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലെനി റീഫൻസ്റ്റാൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%89_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="لينى ريفنستال – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لينى ريفنستال" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="लेनी रीफेन्स्टाल – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लेनी रीफेन्स्टाल" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="レニ・リーフェンシュタール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レニ・リーフェンシュタール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2" title="ਲੇਨੀ ਰੇਫੇਨਸਟਾਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੇਨੀ ਰੇਫੇਨਸਟਾਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Рифеншталь, Лени – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рифеншталь, Лени" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="लेनी रीफेन्स्टाल – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लेनी रीफेन्स्टाल" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahlov%C3%A1" title="Leni Riefenstahlová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Leni Riefenstahlová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%B5" title="لێنی ڕیفێنشتاڵ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لێنی ڕیفێنشتاڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Лени Рифенштал – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лени Рифенштал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="லெனி ரீபென்ஸ்டால் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லெனி ரீபென்ஸ்டால்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Лени Рифенштал – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Лени Рифенштал" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Leni Riefenstahl" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German filmmaker (1902–2003)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Leni Riefenstahl</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Leni_Riefenstahl,_1935.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Leni_Riefenstahl%2C_1935.jpg/220px-Leni_Riefenstahl%2C_1935.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Leni_Riefenstahl%2C_1935.jpg/330px-Leni_Riefenstahl%2C_1935.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Leni_Riefenstahl%2C_1935.jpg/440px-Leni_Riefenstahl%2C_1935.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1206" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Riefenstahl in 1935</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Helene Bertha Amalie Riefenstahl</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1902-08-22</span>)</span>22 August 1902<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a>, German Empire</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">8 September 2003<span style="display:none">(2003-09-08)</span> (aged 101)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B6cking" title="Pöcking">Pöcking</a>, Germany</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Munich_Waldfriedhof" title="Munich Waldfriedhof">Munich Waldfriedhof</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r979066050">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}</style><ul class="cslist"><li>Germany</li><li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li>Film director</li><li>producer</li><li>screenwriter</li><li>editor</li><li>photographer</li><li>actress</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1925–2002</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li><i><a href="/wiki/Triumph_of_the_Will" title="Triumph of the Will">Triumph of the Will</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Olympia_(1938_film)" title="Olympia (1938 film)">Olympia</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiefland_(film)" title="Tiefland (film)">Tiefland</a></i></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Eugen Karl "Peter" Jacob</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1944; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1946)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Partner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horst_Kettner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horst Kettner (page does not exist)">Horst Kettner</a><span class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst_Kettner" class="extiw" title="fr:Horst Kettner">fr</a>]</span> (from 1968)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://leni-riefenstahl.de">leni-riefenstahl<wbr />.de</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leni_Riefenstahl_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Leni_Riefenstahl_signature.svg/150px-Leni_Riefenstahl_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Leni_Riefenstahl_signature.svg/225px-Leni_Riefenstahl_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Leni_Riefenstahl_signature.svg/300px-Leni_Riefenstahl_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="156" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Helene Bertha Amalie</b> "<b>Leni</b>" <b>Riefenstahl</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈleː.niː<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈʁiː.fn̩.ʃtaːl]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/9e\/De-Leni_Riefenstahl.ogg\/De-Leni_Riefenstahl.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Leni Riefenstahl.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/De-Leni_Riefenstahl.ogg/De-Leni_Riefenstahl.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Leni_Riefenstahl.ogg" title="File:De-Leni Riefenstahl.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; 22 August 1902 – 8 September 2003) was a German film director, producer, writer, editor, photographer and actress. She is considered one of the most controversial personalities in film history. On the one hand, she is regarded by many critics as an "innovative filmmaker and creative aesthete",<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while on the other hand she is criticized for her works in the service of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_propaganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi propaganda">propaganda during the Nazi era</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A talented swimmer and an artist, Riefenstahl became interested in dancing during her childhood, taking lessons and performing across all Europe. After seeing a promotional poster for the 1924 film <i><a href="/wiki/Mountain_of_Destiny" title="Mountain of Destiny">Mountain of Destiny</a></i>, she was inspired to move into acting and between 1925 and 1929 starred in five successful motion pictures. Riefenstahl became one of the few women in Germany to direct a film during the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Weimar era">Weimar era</a> when, in 1932, she decided to try directing with her own film, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Light_(1932_film)" title="The Blue Light (1932 film)">The Blue Light</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the latter half of the 1930s, she directed the Nazi <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_film" title="Propaganda film">propaganda films</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Triumph_of_the_Will" title="Triumph of the Will">Triumph of the Will</a></i> (1935) and <i><a href="/wiki/Olympia_(1938_film)" title="Olympia (1938 film)">Olympia</a></i> (1938), resulting in worldwide attention and acclaim. The films are widely considered two of the most effective and technically innovative propaganda films ever made. Her involvement in <i>Triumph of the Will</i>, however, significantly damaged her career and reputation after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> closely collaborated with Riefenstahl during the production of at least three important <a href="/wiki/Nazi_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi films">Nazi films</a>, and they formed a friendly relationship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDowning201223_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDowning201223-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the war, Riefenstahl was arrested and found to be a Nazi "<a href="/wiki/Fellow_traveler" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow traveler">fellow traveller</a>" but was not charged with <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a>. Throughout her later life, she denied having known about <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a>, and was criticized as the "voice of the 'how could we have known?' defense."<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riefenstahl's postwar work included an autobiography book and two photography books on the <a href="/wiki/Nuba_peoples" title="Nuba peoples">Nuba peoples</a> of southern Sudan. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Helene Bertha Amalie Riefenstahl was born in Berlin on 22 August 1902.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her father, Alfred Theodor Paul Riefenstahl,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrimborn200220_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrimborn200220-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> owned a successful heating and ventilation company and wanted his daughter to follow him into the business world.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Riefenstahl was the only child for several years, Alfred wanted her to carry on the family name and secure the family fortune.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, her mother, Bertha Ida (Scherlach), who had been a part-time seamstress before her marriage, had faith in Riefenstahl and believed that her daughter's future was in show business.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrimborn2007_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrimborn2007-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riefenstahl had a younger brother, Heinz, who was killed at the age of 39 on the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>'s war against the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERother2003112_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERother2003112-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Riefenstahl fell in love with the arts in her childhood.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalkeld20112_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalkeld20112-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She began to paint and write poetry at the age of four.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalkeld20112_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalkeld20112-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was also athletic, and at the age of twelve joined a gymnastics and swimming club called <i><a href="/wiki/Nixe_(water_spirit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nixe (water spirit)">Nixe</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her mother was confident her daughter would grow up to be successful in the field of art and therefore gave her full support, unlike Riefenstahl's father, who was not interested in his daughter's artistic inclinations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1918, when she was 16, Riefenstahl attended a presentation of <a href="/wiki/Snow_White" title="Snow White">Snow White</a> which interested her deeply; it led her to want to be a dancer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her father instead wanted to provide his daughter with an education that could lead to a more dignified occupation. His wife, however, continued to support her daughter's passion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Without her husband's knowledge, she enrolled Riefenstahl in dance and ballet classes at the Grimm-Reiter Dance School in Berlin, where she quickly became a star pupil.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dancing_and_acting_careers">Dancing and acting careers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Dancing and acting careers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leni_Riefenstahl,_1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Leni_Riefenstahl%2C_1925.jpg/220px-Leni_Riefenstahl%2C_1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Leni_Riefenstahl%2C_1925.jpg/330px-Leni_Riefenstahl%2C_1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Leni_Riefenstahl%2C_1925.jpg/440px-Leni_Riefenstahl%2C_1925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1085" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Riefenstahl (right) in <i><a href="/wiki/Ways_to_Strength_and_Beauty" title="Ways to Strength and Beauty">Wege zu Kraft und Schönheit</a></i> (1925)</figcaption></figure> <p>Riefenstahl attended dancing academies and became well known for her self-styled interpretive dancing skills, traveling across Europe with <a href="/wiki/Max_Reinhardt" title="Max Reinhardt">Max Reinhardt</a> in a show funded by Jewish producer <a href="/wiki/Harry_R._Sokal" title="Harry R. Sokal">Harry Sokal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFalcon_2003_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFalcon_2003-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInfield197614–16_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInfield197614–16-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riefenstahl often made almost 700 <a href="/wiki/Reichsmark" title="Reichsmark">ℛ︁ℳ︁</a> for each performance and was so dedicated to dancing that she gave filmmaking no thought.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInfield197614–16_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInfield197614–16-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She began to suffer a series of foot injuries, which led to knee surgery that threatened her dancing career.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was while going to a doctor's appointment that she first saw a poster for the 1924 film <i><a href="/wiki/Mountain_of_Destiny" title="Mountain of Destiny">Mountain of Destiny</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangford201220_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangford201220-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She became inspired to go into movie making, and began visiting the cinema to see films and also attended film shows.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On one of her adventures, Riefenstahl met <a href="/wiki/Luis_Trenker" title="Luis Trenker">Luis Trenker</a>, an actor who had appeared in <i>Mountain of Destiny</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangford201220_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangford201220-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a meeting arranged by her friend Gunther Rahn, she met <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Fanck" title="Arnold Fanck">Arnold Fanck</a>, the director of <i>Mountain of Destiny</i> and a pioneer of the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_film" title="Mountain film">mountain film</a> genre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangford201220_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangford201220-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fanck was working on a film in Berlin. After Riefenstahl told him how much she admired his work, she also convinced him of her acting skill.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangford201220_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangford201220-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She persuaded him to feature her in one of his films.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangford201220_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangford201220-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riefenstahl later received a package from Fanck containing the script of the 1926 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Holy_Mountain_(1926_film)" title="The Holy Mountain (1926 film)">The Holy Mountain</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangford201220_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangford201220-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She made a series of films for Fanck, where she learned from him acting and film editing techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangford201220_20-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangford201220-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of Fanck's films that brought Riefenstahl into the limelight was <i><a href="/wiki/The_White_Hell_of_Pitz_Palu_(1929_film)" title="The White Hell of Pitz Palu (1929 film)">The White Hell of Pitz Palu</a></i> of 1929, co-directed by <a href="/wiki/G._W._Pabst" title="G. W. Pabst">G. W. Pabst</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangford201220_20-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangford201220-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She had to undergo many physical challenges that would probably be deemed unethical in today's standards. Some of the torments included: being engulfed in small avalanches, jumping into mountain lakes and icy streams, climbing rocky pinnacles while barefoot, letting herself be pulled up a rock face being pelted by snow and ice, balancing on a ladder above a deep glacial crevasse, and enduring obscene jokes from her exclusively male colleagues.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her fame spread to countries outside Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangford201220_20-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangford201220-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Riefenstahl produced and directed her own work called <i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Light_(1932_film)" title="The Blue Light (1932 film)">Das Blaue Licht</a></i> ("The Blue Light") in 1932, co-written by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Mayer" title="Carl Mayer">Carl Mayer</a> and <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bal%C3%A1zs" title="Béla Balázs">Béla Balázs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangford201277_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangford201277-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This film won the silver medal at the <a href="/wiki/Venice_Film_Festival" title="Venice Film Festival">Venice Film Festival</a>, but was not universally well-received, for which Riefenstahl blamed the critics, many of whom were Jewish.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames_2007_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJames_2007-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton200019_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton200019-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon its 1938 re-release, the names of Balázs and Sokal, both Jewish, were removed from the credits; some reports say this was at Riefenstahl's behest.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames_2007_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJames_2007-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the film, Riefenstahl played an innocent peasant girl who is hated by the villagers because they think she is diabolical and cast out.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangford201220_20-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangford201220-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is protected by a glowing mountain grotto.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangford201220_20-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangford201220-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to herself, Riefenstahl received invitations to travel to <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a> to create films, but she refused them in favor of remaining in Germany with a boyfriend.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMüller_1999_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMüller_1999-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hitler was a fan of the film, and thought Riefenstahl epitomized the perfect German female.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton200019_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton200019-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He saw talent in Riefenstahl and arranged a meeting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton200019_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton200019-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1933, Riefenstahl appeared in the U.S.-German co-productions of the <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Fanck" title="Arnold Fanck">Arnold Fanck</a>-directed, German-language <i><a href="/wiki/SOS_Eisberg" class="mw-redirect" title="SOS Eisberg">SOS Eisberg</a></i> and the <a href="/wiki/Tay_Garnett" title="Tay Garnett">Tay Garnett</a>-directed, English-language <i>S.O.S. Iceberg</i>. The films were filmed simultaneously in English and German and produced and distributed by <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Studios</a>. Her role as an actress in <i>S.O.S. Iceberg</i> was her only English language role in film.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalkeld201114–16_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalkeld201114–16-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Directing_career">Directing career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Directing career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_152-42-31,_N%C3%BCrnberg,_Leni_Riefenstahl_mit_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_152-42-31%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Leni_Riefenstahl_mit_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_152-42-31%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Leni_Riefenstahl_mit_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_152-42-31%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Leni_Riefenstahl_mit_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_152-42-31%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Leni_Riefenstahl_mit_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_152-42-31%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Leni_Riefenstahl_mit_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_152-42-31%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Leni_Riefenstahl_mit_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="458" /></a><figcaption>Riefenstahl stands near <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a> while instructing her camera crew at <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>, 1934.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Propaganda_films">Propaganda films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Propaganda films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Riefenstahl heard <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> (NSDAP) leader <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> speak at a rally in 1932 and was mesmerized by his talent as a public speaker.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDowning201223_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDowning201223-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Describing the experience in her memoir, Riefenstahl wrote, "I had an almost apocalyptic vision that I was never able to forget. It seemed as if the Earth's surface were spreading out in front of me, like a hemisphere that suddenly splits apart in the middle, spewing out an enormous jet of water, so powerful that it touched the sky and shook the earth".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDowning201223_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDowning201223-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hitler was immediately captivated by Riefenstahl's work. She is described as fitting in with Hitler's ideal of <a href="/wiki/Aryan" title="Aryan">Aryan</a> womanhood, a feature he had noted when he saw her starring performance in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Light_(1932_film)" title="The Blue Light (1932 film)">Das Blaue Licht</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1933, Hitler asked Riefenstahl to make a film about <a href="/wiki/Horst_Wessel" title="Horst Wessel">Horst Wessel</a>, but she declined.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiven201853_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiven201853-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riefenstahl was offered the opportunity to direct <i><a href="/wiki/The_Victory_of_Faith" title="The Victory of Faith">Der Sieg des Glaubens</a></i>, an hour-long propaganda film about the fifth <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Rally">Nuremberg Rally</a> in 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDowning201223_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDowning201223-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The opportunity that was offered was a huge surprise to Riefenstahl. Hitler had ordered <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Reich_Ministry_of_Public_Enlightenment_and_Propaganda" title="Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda">Propaganda Ministry</a> to give the film commission to Riefenstahl, but the Ministry had never informed her.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riefenstahl agreed to direct the movie even though she was only given a few days before the rally to prepare.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She and Hitler got on well, forming a friendly relationship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDowning201223_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDowning201223-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The propaganda film was funded entirely by the NSDAP.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDowning201223_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDowning201223-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the filming of <i>Der Sieg des Glaubens</i>, Hitler had stood side by side with the leader of the <i><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a></i> (SA), <a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%B6hm" title="Ernst Röhm">Ernst Röhm</a>, a man with whom he clearly had a close working relationship. Röhm was murdered on Hitler's orders a short time later, during the purge of the SA referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Night of the Long Knives">Night of the Long Knives</a>. It has gone on record that, immediately following the killings, Hitler ordered all copies of the film to be destroyed, although Riefenstahl disputed that this ever happened.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-0312-503,_N%C3%BCrnberg,_Reichsparteitag,_Marsch_der_Wehrmacht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-0312-503%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Reichsparteitag%2C_Marsch_der_Wehrmacht.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-0312-503%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Reichsparteitag%2C_Marsch_der_Wehrmacht.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-0312-503%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Reichsparteitag%2C_Marsch_der_Wehrmacht.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-0312-503%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Reichsparteitag%2C_Marsch_der_Wehrmacht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-0312-503%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Reichsparteitag%2C_Marsch_der_Wehrmacht.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-0312-503%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Reichsparteitag%2C_Marsch_der_Wehrmacht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="587" /></a><figcaption>Riefenstahl and a camera crew stand in front of Hitler's car during the 1934 rally in Nuremberg.</figcaption></figure> <p>Still impressed with Riefenstahl's work, Hitler asked her to film <i><a href="/wiki/Triumph_of_the_Will" title="Triumph of the Will">Triumph des Willens</a></i> ("Triumph of the Will"), a new propaganda film about the 1934 party rally in Nuremberg.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton200020_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton200020-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than one million Germans participated in the rally.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_History_Place_2001_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_History_Place_2001-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film is sometimes considered the greatest propaganda film ever made.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, according to Riefenstahl, she resisted and did not want to create further Nazi Party films, instead wanting to direct a feature film based on <a href="/wiki/Eugen_d%27Albert" title="Eugen d'Albert">Eugen d'Albert</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Tiefland_(opera)" title="Tiefland (opera)">Tiefland</a></i> ("Lowlands"), an opera that was extremely popular in Berlin in the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton200020_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton200020-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riefenstahl received private funding for the production of <i>Tiefland</i>, but the filming in Spain was derailed and the project was cancelled.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton200020_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton200020-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (When <i><a href="/wiki/Tiefland_(film)" title="Tiefland (film)">Tiefland</a></i> was eventually shot, between 1940 and 1944, it was done in black and white, and was the third most expensive film produced in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the filming of <i>Tiefland,</i> Riefenstahl utilized <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a> from internment camps for extras, who were severely mistreated on set, and when the filming completed they were sent to the death camp <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) Hitler was able to convince her to film <i>Triumph des Willens</i> on the condition that she would not be required to make further films for the party, according to Riefenstahl.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton200021–22_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton200021–22-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The motion picture was generally recognized as an epic, innovative work of <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a> filmmaking.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton200021–22_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton200021–22-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film took Riefenstahl's career to a new level and gave her further international recognition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton200021_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton200021-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In interviews for the 1993 documentary <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Horrible_Life_of_Leni_Riefenstahl" title="The Wonderful Horrible Life of Leni Riefenstahl">The Wonderful Horrible Life of Leni Riefenstahl</a></i>, Riefenstahl adamantly denied any deliberate attempt to create <a href="/wiki/Nazi_propaganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi propaganda">Nazi propaganda</a> and said she was disgusted that <i>Triumph des Willens</i> was used in such a way.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMüller_1999_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMüller_1999-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a private letter to Hitler, quoted in a 2024 documentary, Riefensthal seems enthusiastic about the propaganda effects of <i>Triumph des Willens</i>: "the film's impact as German propaganda is greater than I could have imagined and your image, my Führer, is always applauded".<sup id="cite_ref-Xan#_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xan#-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite allegedly vowing not to make any more films about the Nazi Party, Riefenstahl made the 28-minute <i><a href="/wiki/Tag_der_Freiheit:_Unsere_Wehrmacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag der Freiheit: Unsere Wehrmacht">Tag der Freiheit: Unsere Wehrmacht</a></i> ("Day of Freedom: Our Armed Forces") about the <a href="/wiki/German_Army_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="German Army (Wehrmacht)">German Army</a> in 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERother2003238_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERother2003238-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like <i>Der Sieg des Glaubens</i> and <i>Triumph des Willens</i>, this was filmed at the annual Nazi Party rally at Nuremberg.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERother2003238_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERother2003238-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riefenstahl said this film was a sub-set of <i>Der Sieg des Glaubens</i>, added to mollify the German Army which felt it was not represented well in <i>Triumph des Willens</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAitken2013760_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAitken2013760-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hitler invited Riefenstahl to film the <a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics" title="1936 Summer Olympics">1936 Summer Olympics</a> scheduled to be held in Berlin, a film which Riefenstahl said had been commissioned by the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomlinson201274–76_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomlinson201274–76-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She visited Greece to take footage of the route of the <a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay" title="1936 Summer Olympics torch relay">inaugural torch relay</a> and the games' original site at <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a>, where she was aided by Greek photographer <a href="/wiki/Nelly%27s" title="Nelly's">Nelly's</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomlinson201274–76_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomlinson201274–76-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This material became <i><a href="/wiki/Olympia_(1938_film)" title="Olympia (1938 film)">Olympia</a></i>, a hugely successful film which has since been widely noted for its technical and aesthetic achievements.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomlinson201274–76_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomlinson201274–76-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Olympia</i> was secretly funded by the Nazis.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was one of the first filmmakers to use <a href="/wiki/Tracking_shot" title="Tracking shot">tracking shots</a> in a documentary,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrew1999183–184_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrew1999183–184-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> placing a camera on rails to follow the athletes' movement. The film is also noted for its slow motion shots.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrew1999183–184_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrew1999183–184-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riefenstahl played with the idea of slow motion, underwater diving shots, extremely high and low shooting angles, panoramic aerial shots, and tracking system shots for allowing fast action. Riefensthal also "reversed the film to make the divers turn backwards, holding them in the air as if to defy the laws of gravity".<sup id="cite_ref-Xan#_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xan#-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these shots were relatively unheard of at the time, but Riefenstahl's use and augmentation of them set a standard, and is the reason they are still used to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riefenstahl's work on <i>Olympia</i> has been cited as a major influence in modern sports photography.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomlinson201274–76_40-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomlinson201274–76-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrew1999183–184_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrew1999183–184-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riefenstahl filmed competitors of all races, including African-American <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Owens" title="Jesse Owens">Jesse Owens</a> in what later became famous footage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmondson200772_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmondson200772-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S34639,_Joseph_Goebbels_und_Leni_Riefenstahl_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S34639%2C_Joseph_Goebbels_und_Leni_Riefenstahl_crop.jpg/225px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S34639%2C_Joseph_Goebbels_und_Leni_Riefenstahl_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S34639%2C_Joseph_Goebbels_und_Leni_Riefenstahl_crop.jpg/338px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S34639%2C_Joseph_Goebbels_und_Leni_Riefenstahl_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S34639%2C_Joseph_Goebbels_und_Leni_Riefenstahl_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="457" /></a><figcaption>Riefenstahl in conversation with Propaganda Minister <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a>, 1937</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Olympia</i> premiered for Hitler's 49th birthday in 1938. Its international debut led Riefenstahl to embark on an American publicity tour in an attempt to secure commercial release.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEF-R_Publishing_Corporation_2007_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEF-R_Publishing_Corporation_2007-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1937, Riefenstahl enthusiastically told a reporter for the <i><a href="/wiki/Detroit_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit News">Detroit News</a></i>, "To me, Hitler is the greatest man who ever lived. He truly is without fault, so simple and at the same time possessed of masculine strength".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERollyson_2007_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERollyson_2007-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 31 August 1938, <i>Olympia</i> won the <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a> cup at the <a href="/wiki/Venice_Film_Festival" title="Venice Film Festival">Venice Film Festival</a> as "Best foreign film".<sup id="cite_ref-Xan#_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xan#-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She arrived in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> on 4 November 1938, five days before <i><a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Kristallnacht</a></i> (the "Night of the Broken Glass").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraham_1993_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraham_1993-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When news of the event reached the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraham_1993_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraham_1993-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riefenstahl publicly defended Hitler.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraham_1993_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraham_1993-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 18 November, she was received by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a> in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>. <i>Olympia</i> was shown at the Chicago Engineers Club two days later.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraham_1993_47-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraham_1993-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Avery_Brundage" title="Avery Brundage">Avery Brundage</a>, President of the International Olympic Committee, praised the film and held Riefenstahl in the highest regard.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernstein2013111_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2013111-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She negotiated with <a href="/wiki/Louis_B._Mayer" title="Louis B. Mayer">Louis B. Mayer</a>, and on 8 December, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> brought her on a three-hour tour showing her the ongoing production of <i><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(1940_film)" title="Fantasia (1940 film)">Fantasia</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraham_1993_47-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraham_1993-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the <i><a href="/wiki/Goebbels_Diaries" title="Goebbels Diaries">Goebbels Diaries</a></i>, researchers learned that Riefenstahl had been friendly with <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Magda_Goebbels" title="Magda Goebbels">Magda</a>, attending the opera with them and going to his parties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERollyson_2007_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERollyson_2007-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riefenstahl maintained that Goebbels was upset when she rejected his advances and was jealous of her influence on Hitler, seeing her as an internal threat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames_2007_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJames_2007-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She therefore insisted his diary entries could not be trusted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames_2007_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJames_2007-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By later accounts, Goebbels thought highly of Riefenstahl's filmmaking but was angered with what he saw as her overspending on the Nazi-provided filmmaking budgets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames_2007_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJames_2007-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iconography">Iconography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Iconography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i>Triumph of the Will</i>, Tom Saunders argues that Hitler serves as the object of the camera's gaze. Saunders writes, "Without denying that 'rampant masculinity' (the 'sexiness' of Hitler and the SS) serves as the object of the gaze, I would suggest that desire is also directed toward the feminine. This occurs not in the familiar sequences of adoring women greeting Hitler's arrival and cavalcade through Nuremberg. In these Hitler clearly remains the focus of attraction, as more generally in the visual treatment of his mass following. Rather, it is encoded in representation of flags and banners, which were shot in such a way as to make them visually desirable as well as potent political symbols".<sup id="cite_ref-Quarterly_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quarterly-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flag serves as a symbol of masculinity, equated with national pride and dominance, that supposedly channels men's sexual and masculine energy. Riefenstahl's cinematic framing of the flags encapsulated its iconography. Saunders continues, "The effect is a significant double transformation: the images mechanize human beings and breathe life into flags. Even when the carriers are not mostly submerged under the sea of colored cloth, and when facial features are visible in profile, they attain neither character nor distinctiveness. The men remain ants in a vast enterprise. By contrast and paradoxically, the flags, whether a few or hundreds peopling the frame, assume distinct identities".<sup id="cite_ref-Quarterly_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quarterly-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_of_music">Use of music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Use of music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Riefenstahl distorts the <a href="/wiki/Diegetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Diegetic">diegetic</a> sound in <i>Triumph of the Will</i>. Her distortion of sound suggests she was influenced by German art cinema. Influenced by Classical Hollywood cinema's style, German art film employed music to enhance the narrative, establish a sense of grandeur, and to heighten the emotions in a scene. In <i>Triumph of the Will</i>, Riefenstahl used traditional folk music to accompany and intensify her shots. Ben Morgan comments on Riefenstahl's distortion of sound: "In <i>Triumph of the Will</i>, the material world leaves no aural impression beyond the music. Where the film does combine diegetic noise with the music, the effects used are human (laughter or cheering) and offer a rhythmic extension to the music rather than a contrast to it. By replacing diegetic sound, Riefenstahl's film employs music to combine the documentary with the fantastic."<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leni_Riefenstahl_-_Ko%C5%84skie,_Poland_-_prisoners_shot_-_1939.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Leni_Riefenstahl_-_Ko%C5%84skie%2C_Poland_-_prisoners_shot_-_1939.png/220px-Leni_Riefenstahl_-_Ko%C5%84skie%2C_Poland_-_prisoners_shot_-_1939.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Leni_Riefenstahl_-_Ko%C5%84skie%2C_Poland_-_prisoners_shot_-_1939.png/330px-Leni_Riefenstahl_-_Ko%C5%84skie%2C_Poland_-_prisoners_shot_-_1939.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Leni_Riefenstahl_-_Ko%C5%84skie%2C_Poland_-_prisoners_shot_-_1939.png/440px-Leni_Riefenstahl_-_Ko%C5%84skie%2C_Poland_-_prisoners_shot_-_1939.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="631" /></a><figcaption>The controversial photo taken on 12 (for some other sources, 5) September 1939 in <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%84skie" title="Końskie">Końskie</a>, Poland, in which Riefenstahl is crying and is visibly shocked.</figcaption></figure> <p>When <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Germany invaded Poland</a> on 1 September 1939, Riefenstahl was photographed in Poland wearing a military uniform and a pistol on her belt in the company of German soldiers; she had gone to Poland as a war correspondent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobert_2013_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobert_2013-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames_2007_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJames_2007-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 12 September, she was in the town of <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%84skie" title="Końskie">Końskie</a> when 30 civilians were executed in retaliation for an alleged attack on German soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris_2007_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris_2007-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to her <a href="/wiki/Memoir" title="Memoir">memoir</a>, Riefenstahl tried to intervene but a furious German soldier held her at gunpoint and threatened to shoot her on the spot.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames_2007_23-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJames_2007-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She said she did not realize the victims were Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames_2007_23-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJames_2007-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to another account given by a German officer, Riefenstahl had asked that the Jews be removed from the market, which was relayed to the soldiers as "Get rid of the Jews", thus leading to the massacre.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Photographs of a potentially distraught Riefenstahl survive from that day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames_2007_23-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJames_2007-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, by 5 October 1939, Riefenstahl was back in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%9345)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Poland (1939–45)">occupied Poland</a> filming Hitler's <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland#Aftermath" title="Invasion of Poland">victory parade in Warsaw</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris_2007_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris_2007-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Afterwards, she left Poland and chose not to make any more Nazi-related films.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore_2003_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore_2003-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0021,_Polen,_Truppenbesuch_von_Leni_Riefenstahl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0021%2C_Polen%2C_Truppenbesuch_von_Leni_Riefenstahl.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0021%2C_Polen%2C_Truppenbesuch_von_Leni_Riefenstahl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0021%2C_Polen%2C_Truppenbesuch_von_Leni_Riefenstahl.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0021%2C_Polen%2C_Truppenbesuch_von_Leni_Riefenstahl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0021%2C_Polen%2C_Truppenbesuch_von_Leni_Riefenstahl.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0021%2C_Polen%2C_Truppenbesuch_von_Leni_Riefenstahl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="563" /></a><figcaption>Riefenstahl as a war correspondent in Poland, 1939</figcaption></figure> <p>On 14 June 1940, the day Paris was declared an <a href="/wiki/Open_city" title="Open city">open city</a> by the French and occupied by German troops, Riefenstahl wrote to Hitler in a <a href="/wiki/Telegram" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegram">telegram</a>, "With indescribable joy, deeply moved and filled with burning gratitude, we share with you, my Führer, your and Germany's greatest victory, the entry of German troops into Paris. You exceed anything human imagination has the power to conceive, achieving deeds without parallel in the history of mankind. How can we ever thank you?"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris_2007_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris_2007-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She later explained, "Everyone thought the war was over, and in that spirit I sent the cable to Hitler".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiding_2003_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiding_2003-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riefenstahl was friends with Hitler for 12 years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, her relationship with Hitler severely declined in 1944 after her brother died on the Russian Front.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore_2003_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore_2003-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the Nuremberg rallies trilogy and <i>Olympia</i>, Riefenstahl began work on the movie she had tried and failed to direct once before, namely <i>Tiefland</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenrick2006197_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenrick2006197-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrimborn2007_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrimborn2007-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On Hitler's direct order, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Government of Nazi Germany">German government</a> paid her 7 million ℛ︁ℳ︁ in compensation.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 23 September until 13 November 1940, she filmed in <a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%BCn" title="Krün">Krün</a> near <a href="/wiki/Mittenwald" title="Mittenwald">Mittenwald</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenrick2006197_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenrick2006197-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The extras playing Spanish women and farmers were drawn from Romani detained in a camp at <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg-Maxglan</a> who were forced to work with her.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenrick2006197_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenrick2006197-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Filming at the <a href="/wiki/Babelsberg_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Babelsberg Studios">Babelsberg Studios</a> near Berlin began 18 months later in April 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenrick2006197_57-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenrick2006197-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This time <a href="/wiki/Sinti" title="Sinti">Sinti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a> people from the <a href="/wiki/Berlin-Marzahn_concentration_camp" title="Berlin-Marzahn concentration camp">Marzahn</a> detention camp near Berlin were compelled to work as extras.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenrick2006197_57-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenrick2006197-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost to the end of her life, despite overwhelming evidence that the concentration camp occupants had been forced to work on the movie were later sent to the <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz death camp</a>, Riefenstahl continued to maintain that all the film extras survived.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrimborn2008206–208_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrimborn2008206–208-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathews_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathews-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riefenstahl sued filmmaker Nina Gladitz, who said Riefenstahl personally chose the extras at their holding camp; Gladitz had found one of the Romani survivors and matched his memory with stills of the movie for a documentary Gladitz was filming.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor_2007_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor_2007-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German court ruled largely in favour of Gladitz, declaring that Riefenstahl had known the extras were from a concentration camp, but they also agreed that Riefenstahl had not been informed the Romani would be sent to <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Auschwitz">Auschwitz</a> after filming was completed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor_2007_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor_2007-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0020,_Polen,_Truppenbesuch_von_Leni_Riefenstahl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0020%2C_Polen%2C_Truppenbesuch_von_Leni_Riefenstahl.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0020%2C_Polen%2C_Truppenbesuch_von_Leni_Riefenstahl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0020%2C_Polen%2C_Truppenbesuch_von_Leni_Riefenstahl.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0020%2C_Polen%2C_Truppenbesuch_von_Leni_Riefenstahl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0020%2C_Polen%2C_Truppenbesuch_von_Leni_Riefenstahl.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-0020%2C_Polen%2C_Truppenbesuch_von_Leni_Riefenstahl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="557" /></a><figcaption>Riefenstahl instructing her film crew in Poland, 1939</figcaption></figure> <p>This issue came up again in 2002, when Riefenstahl was 100 years old and she was taken to court by a Roma group for denying the Nazis had exterminated Romani.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConnolly_2002_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConnolly_2002-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riefenstahl apologized and said, "I regret that <a href="/wiki/Sinti" title="Sinti">Sinti</a> and Roma [people] had to suffer during the period of National Socialism. It is known today that many of them were murdered in <a href="/wiki/Concentration_camp" title="Concentration camp">concentration camps</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConnolly_2002_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConnolly_2002-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1944 the production of <i>Tiefland</i> moved to <a href="/wiki/Barrandov_Studios" title="Barrandov Studios">Barrandov Studios</a> in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> for interior filming.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lavish sets made these shots some of the most costly of the film.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film was not edited and released until almost ten years later.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The last time Riefenstahl saw Hitler was when she married Peter Jacob on 21 March 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiding_2003_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiding_2003-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riefenstahl and Jacob divorced in 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeck-Rabi1984126_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeck-Rabi1984126-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Germany's military situation became impossible by early 1945, Riefenstahl left Berlin and was <a href="/wiki/Hitchhiking" title="Hitchhiking">hitchhiking</a> with a group of men, trying to reach her mother, when she was taken into custody by American troops.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She walked out of a holding camp, beginning a series of escapes and arrests across the chaotic landscape.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At last making it back home on a bicycle, she found that American troops had seized her house.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was surprised by how kindly they treated her.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thwarted_film_projects">Thwarted film projects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Thwarted film projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of Riefenstahl's unfinished projects were lost towards the end of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French government confiscated all of her editing equipment, along with the production reels of <i>Tiefland</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After years of legal wrangling, these were returned to her, but the French government had reportedly damaged some of the film stock whilst trying to develop and edit it, with a few key scenes being missing (although Riefenstahl was surprised to find the original negatives for <i>Olympia</i> in the same shipment).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the filming of <i>Olympia</i>, Riefenstahl was funded by the state to create her own production company in her own name, Riefenstahl-Film GmbH, which was uninvolved with her most influential works.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She edited and dubbed the remaining material and <i>Tiefland</i> premiered on 11 February 1954 in <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it was denied entry into the <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Riefenstahl lived for almost another half century, <i>Tiefland</i> was her last feature film.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBBC_News_2005_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC_News_2005-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1988-106-29,_Leni_Riefenstahl_bei_Dreharbeiten.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1988-106-29%2C_Leni_Riefenstahl_bei_Dreharbeiten.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1988-106-29%2C_Leni_Riefenstahl_bei_Dreharbeiten.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1988-106-29%2C_Leni_Riefenstahl_bei_Dreharbeiten.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1988-106-29%2C_Leni_Riefenstahl_bei_Dreharbeiten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1988-106-29%2C_Leni_Riefenstahl_bei_Dreharbeiten.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1988-106-29%2C_Leni_Riefenstahl_bei_Dreharbeiten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>Riefenstahl filming a difficult scene with the help of two assistants, 1936</figcaption></figure> <p>Riefenstahl tried many times to make more films during the 1950s and 1960s, but was met with resistance, public protests and sharp criticism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of her filmmaking peers in Hollywood had fled Nazi Germany and were unsympathetic to her.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although both film professionals and investors were willing to support her work, most of the projects she attempted were stopped owing to ever-renewed and highly negative publicity about her past work in Nazi Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1954, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Jean Cocteau</a>, who greatly admired the film, insisted on <i>Tiefland</i> being shown at the Cannes Film Festival, which he was running that year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFalcon_2003_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFalcon_2003-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1960, Riefenstahl attempted to prevent filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Leiser" title="Erwin Leiser">Erwin Leiser</a> from juxtaposing scenes from <i>Triumph des Willens</i> with footage from concentration camps in his film <i>Mein Kampf</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFalcon_2003_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFalcon_2003-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riefenstahl had high hopes for a collaboration with Cocteau called <i>Friedrich und Voltaire</i> ("Friedrich and Voltaire"), wherein Cocteau was to play two roles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2000135_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2000135-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They thought the film might symbolize the love-hate relationship between Germany and France.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2000135_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2000135-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cocteau's illness and 1963 death put an end to the project.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2000135_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2000135-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A musical remake of <i>Das Blaue Licht</i> ("The Blue Light") with an English production company also fell apart.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2000136_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2000136-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1960s, Riefenstahl became interested in Africa from <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Green_Hills_of_Africa" title="Green Hills of Africa">Green Hills of Africa</a></i> and from the photographs of <a href="/wiki/George_Rodger" title="George Rodger">George Rodger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERhielO'SickeyPages2008244_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERhielO'SickeyPages2008244-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore_2003_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore_2003-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She visited Kenya for the first time in 1956 and later Sudan, where she photographed <a href="/wiki/Nuba_peoples" title="Nuba peoples">Nuba</a> tribes with whom she sporadically lived, learning about their culture so she could photograph them more easily.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERhielO'SickeyPages2008244_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERhielO'SickeyPages2008244-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even though her film project about modern slavery entitled <i>Die Schwarze Fracht</i> ("The Black Cargo") was never completed, Riefenstahl was able to sell the stills from the expedition to magazines in various parts of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERhielO'SickeyPages2008244_66-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERhielO'SickeyPages2008244-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While scouting shooting locations, she almost died from injuries received in a truck accident.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After waking up from a coma in a <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a> hospital, she finished writing the script, but was soon thoroughly thwarted by uncooperative locals, the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Canal crisis</a> and bad weather.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the end, the film project was called off.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even so, Riefenstahl was granted <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudanese people">Sudanese</a> citizenship for her services to the country, becoming the first foreigner to receive a Sudanese passport.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalkeld2011253_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalkeld2011253-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Detention_and_trials">Detention and trials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Detention and trials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Novelist and sports writer <a href="/wiki/Budd_Schulberg" title="Budd Schulberg">Budd Schulberg</a>, assigned by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy">U.S. Navy</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services" title="Office of Strategic Services">OSS</a> for intelligence work while attached to <a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a>'s documentary unit, was ordered to arrest Riefenstahl at her chalet in Kitzbühel, ostensibly to have her identify Nazi war criminals in German film footage captured by the Allied troops shortly after the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalkeld2011Chapter_17,_pp._1–3_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalkeld2011Chapter_17,_pp._1–3-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riefenstahl said she was not aware of the nature of the internment camps.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennicott_2005_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennicott_2005-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Schulberg, "She gave me the usual song and dance. She said, 'Of course, you know, I'm really so misunderstood. I'm not political'".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennicott_2005_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennicott_2005-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Riefenstahl said she was fascinated by the Nazis, but also politically naive, claiming ignorance about any war crimes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Scotsman_2012_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Scotsman_2012-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such claims were not unambiguously dispelled until 2024, testifying to Riefenstahl's successful campaign of denial over six decades.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout 1945 to 1948, she was held by various Allied-controlled prison camps across Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Scotsman_2012_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Scotsman_2012-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was also under house arrest for a period of time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Scotsman_2012_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Scotsman_2012-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was tried four times by postwar authorities for <a href="/wiki/Denazification" title="Denazification">denazification</a> and eventually found to be a "<a href="/wiki/Fellow_traveller" title="Fellow traveller">fellow traveller</a>" (<i><a href="/wiki/Mitl%C3%A4ufer" title="Mitläufer">Mitläufer</a></i>) who sympathised with the Nazis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Scotsman_2012_70-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Scotsman_2012-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While never an official member of the Nazi party, she was always seen in association due to the propaganda films she made in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the years, she filed and won over fifty libel cases against people who had accused her of complicity with Nazi crimes.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Riefenstahl said that her biggest regret in life was meeting Hitler, declaring, "It was the biggest catastrophe of my life. Until the day I die people will keep saying, 'Leni is a Nazi', and I'll keep saying, 'But what did she do?'"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Scotsman_2012_70-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Scotsman_2012-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even though she went on to win up to fifty libel cases, details about her relation to the Nazi party remained unclear during her lifetime.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Scotsman_2012_70-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Scotsman_2012-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can be explained with Riefenstahl's vehemence to control interpretation.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shortly before she died, Riefenstahl voiced her final words on the subject of her connection to Hitler in a <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> interview: "I was one of millions who thought Hitler had all the answers. We saw only the good things; we didn't know bad things were to come."<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2024, <a href="/wiki/Andres_Veiel" title="Andres Veiel">Andres Veiel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Maischberger" title="Sandra Maischberger">Sandra Maischberger</a> released a documentary based on Riefenstahl's legacy document collection of 700 archive boxes, in which Riefenstahl's early knowledge of Nazi atrocities are clearly documented. As of 1948, however, Riefenstahl consistently denied all knowledge and presented herself as a victim.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Africa,_photography,_books_and_final_film"><span id="Africa.2C_photography.2C_books_and_final_film"></span>Africa, photography, books and final film</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Africa, photography, books and final film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Riefenstahl began a lifelong companionship with her cameraman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horst_Kettner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horst Kettner (page does not exist)">Horst Kettner</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst_Kettner" class="extiw" title="fr:Horst Kettner">fr</a>]</span>, who was 40 years her junior and assisted her with the photographs; they were together from the time she was 60 and he was 20.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorliss_2002_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorliss_2002-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Riefenstahl travelled to Africa, inspired by the works of George Rodger that celebrated the ceremonial wrestling matches of the Nuba.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riefenstahl's books with photographs of the Nuba tribes were published in 1974 and republished in 1976 as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_of_the_Nuba" title="The Last of the Nuba">Die Nuba</a></i> (translated as "The Last of the Nuba") and <i><a href="/wiki/The_People_of_Kau" title="The People of Kau">Die Nuba von Kau</a></i> ("The Nuba People of Kau"). They were harshly criticized by American writer and philosopher <a href="/wiki/Susan_Sontag" title="Susan Sontag">Susan Sontag</a>, who wrote in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a></i> that they were evidence of Riefenstahl's continued adherence to "fascist aesthetics".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESontag1975_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESontag1975-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKramer1975_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKramer1975-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this review, which art critic <a href="/wiki/Hilton_Kramer" title="Hilton Kramer">Hilton Kramer</a> described as "one of the most important inquiries into the relation of esthetics to ideology we have had in many years",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKramer1975_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKramer1975-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sontag argued that:</p><blockquote><p>Although the Nuba are black, not Aryan, Riefenstahl's portrait of them is consistent with some of the larger themes of Nazi ideology: the contrast between the clean and the impure, the incorruptible and the defiled, the physical and the mental, the joyful and the critical. [...] What is distinctive about the fascist version of the old idea of the Noble Savage is its contempt for all that is reflective, critical, and pluralistic. [...] In celebrating a society where the exhibition of physical skill and courage and the victory of the stronger man over the weaker have, at least as she sees it, become the unifying symbol of the communal culture—where success in fighting is the "main aspiration of a man's life"—Riefenstahl seems only to have modified the ideas of her Nazi films.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESontag1975_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESontag1975-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>In December 1974, American writer and photographer <a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a> reviewed <i>Die Nuba</i> positively for the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>, giving an impressionistic account of the aesthetics of Riefenstahl's book:</p><blockquote><p>She uses the light purposefully: the full, blinding brightness to make us see the all‐absorbing blackness of the skin; the ray of light slanting down from the single hole, high in the wall, that is the doorway of the circular house, which tells us how secret and safe it has been made; the first dawn light streaking the face of a calf in the sleeping camp where the young men go to live, which suggests their world apart. All the pictures bring us the physical beauty of the people: a young girl, shy and mischievous of face, with a bead sewn into her lower lip like a permanent cinnamon drop; a wrestler prepared for his match, with his shaven head turned to look over the massive shoulder, all skin color taken away by a coating of ashes.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>Art Director's Club of Germany awarded Riefenstahl a gold medal for the best photographic achievement of 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERother2003231_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERother2003231-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also sold some of the pictures to German magazines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Riefenstahl photographed the <a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">1972 Olympic Games</a> in Munich, and rock star <a href="/wiki/Mick_Jagger" title="Mick Jagger">Mick Jagger</a> along with his wife <a href="/wiki/Bianca_Jagger" title="Bianca Jagger">Bianca</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFalcon_2003_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFalcon_2003-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Years later, Riefenstahl photographed <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Strip" title="Las Vegas Strip">Las Vegas</a> entertainers <a href="/wiki/Siegfried_%26_Roy" title="Siegfried & Roy">Siegfried & Roy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeni_Riefenstahl_2001_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeni_Riefenstahl_2001-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was guest of honour at the <a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">1976 Olympic Games</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal, Quebec</a>, Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1978, Riefenstahl published a book of her sub-aquatic photographs called <i><a href="/wiki/Koralleng%C3%A4rten" class="mw-redirect" title="Korallengärten">Korallengärten</a></i> ("Coral Gardens"), followed by the 1990 book <i><a href="/wiki/Wunder_unter_Wasser" class="mw-redirect" title="Wunder unter Wasser">Wunder unter Wasser</a></i> ("Wonder under Water").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBBC_News_2002_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC_News_2002-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 22 August 2002, her 100th birthday, she released the film <i><a href="/wiki/Impressionen_unter_Wasser" title="Impressionen unter Wasser">Impressionen unter Wasser</a></i> ("Underwater Impressions"), an idealized documentary of life in the oceans and her first film in over 25 years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris_2007_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris_2007-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riefenstahl was a member of <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a> for eight years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteinberg_2003_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESteinberg_2003-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When filming <i>Impressionen unter Wasser</i>, Riefenstahl lied about her age in order to be certified for scuba diving.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_72-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Riefenstahl survived a <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopter</a> crash in Sudan in 2000 while trying to learn the fates of her Nuba friends during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">Second Sudanese Civil War</a>, and was airlifted to a Munich hospital, where she received treatment for two broken ribs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBBC_News_2001_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC_News_2001-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore_2003_54-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore_2003-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WP_Leni_Riefenstahl_Grabstelle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/WP_Leni_Riefenstahl_Grabstelle.jpg/220px-WP_Leni_Riefenstahl_Grabstelle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/WP_Leni_Riefenstahl_Grabstelle.jpg/330px-WP_Leni_Riefenstahl_Grabstelle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/WP_Leni_Riefenstahl_Grabstelle.jpg/440px-WP_Leni_Riefenstahl_Grabstelle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2513" data-file-height="1505" /></a><figcaption>Riefenstahl's grave in <a href="/wiki/Munich_Waldfriedhof" title="Munich Waldfriedhof">Munich Waldfriedhof</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Riefenstahl celebrated her 101st birthday on 22 August 2003 at a hotel in <a href="/wiki/Feldafing" title="Feldafing">Feldafing</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Lake_Starnberg" title="Lake Starnberg">Lake Starnberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, near her home. The day after her birthday celebration, she became ill.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis_2003_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis_2003-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Riefenstahl had been diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> for some time, and her health rapidly deteriorated during the last weeks of her life.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kettner said in an interview in 2002, "Ms. Riefenstahl is in great pain and she has become very weak and is taking painkillers".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFantz_2002_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFantz_2002-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riefenstahl died in her sleep at around 10:00 pm on 8 September 2003 at her home in <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B6cking" title="Pöcking">Pöcking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERhielO'SickeyPages2008245_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERhielO'SickeyPages2008245-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After cremation, her ashes were buried in <a href="/wiki/Munich_Waldfriedhof" title="Munich Waldfriedhof">Munich Waldfriedhof</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After her death, there was a varied response in the obituary pages of leading publications, although most recognized her technical breakthroughs in filmmaking.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore_2003_54-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore_2003-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gisela Jahn, Leni Riefenstahl's former secretary and sole heir, donated the estate bequeathed to her to the <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Cultural_Heritage_Foundation" title="Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation">Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation</a>. Items included photographs, films, manuscripts, letters, files, and documents dating back to the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Riefenstahl claimed in her memoir that Hitler made advances on her at their first meeting in May 1932. Her press secretary Ernst Jaeger came with her to the United States in 1938, but did not return to Germany. He published <i>How Riefenstahl became Hitler's girlfriend</i> in the <i>Hollywood Tribune</i> in 1939. Trenker sold a fake version of <a href="/wiki/Eva_Braun" title="Eva Braun">Eva Braun</a>'s diary, which included stories of Riefenstahl dancing naked for Hitler, to the press. The book was published in French in 1948, and translated to Italian and English. <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Wiedemann" title="Fritz Wiedemann">Fritz Wiedemann</a>, the personal <a href="/wiki/Adjutant" title="Adjutant">adjutant</a> to Hitler, stated that Riefenstahl "was never Hitler's lover".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiven201853–55_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiven201853–55-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Downing" title="Taylor Downing">Taylor Downing</a>, Riefenstahl's Nazi-era work "made it acceptable, even desirable, for millions of Germans to go along with Hitler. And in promoting the Nazi leadership, there is a direct line from her infamous Nazi party films to <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bergen-Belsen_concentration_camp" title="Bergen-Belsen concentration camp">Belsen</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Cooper_(rabbi)" title="Abraham Cooper (rabbi)">Abraham Cooper</a> argues that Riefenstahl's work was essential to the carrying out of the mission of <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a> and describes her as an "unindicted co-conspirator."<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Film scholar <a href="/wiki/Mark_Cousins_(film_critic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Cousins (film critic)">Mark Cousins</a> notes in his book <i><a href="/wiki/Mark_Cousins_(film_critic)#Career" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Cousins (film critic)">The Story of Film</a></i> that, "Next to <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a>, Leni Riefenstahl was the most technically talented Western film maker of her era."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorld_Press_Review_2014_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorld_Press_Review_2014-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When traveling to Hollywood to showcase her film <i>Olympia</i> shortly after the coordinated attack on German Jews known as <i><a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Kristallnacht</a></i>, Riefenstahl was criticized by the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Nazi_League" title="Anti-Nazi League">Anti-Nazi League</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reviewer Gary Morris called Riefenstahl, "An artist of unparalleled gifts, a woman in an industry dominated by men, one of the great formalists of the cinema on a par with <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Eisenstein" title="Sergei Eisenstein">Eisenstein</a> or <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Welles</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris_1999_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris_1999-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Film critic Hal Erickson of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> states that the "<a href="/wiki/Jewish_Question" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Question">Jewish Question</a>" is mainly unmentioned in <i>Triumph des Willens</i>; "filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl prefers to concentrate on cheering crowds, precision marching, military bands, and Hitler's climactic speech, all orchestrated, choreographed and illuminated on a scale that makes Griffith and DeMille look like poverty-row directors."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charles Moore of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i> wrote, "She was perhaps the most talented female cinema director of the 20th century; her celebration of Nazi Germany in film ensured that she was certainly the most infamous."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore_2003_54-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore_2003-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Film journalist Sandra Smith from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i> remarked, "Opinions will be divided between those who see her as a young, talented and ambitious woman caught up in the tide of events which she did not fully understand, and those who believe her to be a cold and opportunist propagandist and a Nazi by association."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith_2003_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith_2003-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Critic <a href="/wiki/Judith_Thurman" title="Judith Thurman">Judith Thurman</a> said in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i> that, "Riefenstahl's genius has rarely been questioned, even by critics who despise the service to which she lent it. Riefenstahl was a consummate stylist obsessed with bodies in motion, particularly those of dancers and athletes. Riefenstahl relies heavily for her transitions on portentous cutaways to butts, mist, statuary, foliage, and rooftops. Her reaction shots have a tedious sameness: shining, ecstatic faces—nearly all young and Aryan, except for Hitler's."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThurman_2007_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThurman_2007-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Kael" title="Pauline Kael">Pauline Kael</a>, also a film reviewer employed for <i>The New Yorker</i>, called <i>Triumph des Willens</i> and <i>Olympia</i>, "the two greatest films ever directed by a woman".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorliss_2002_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorliss_2002-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Writer Richard Corliss wrote in <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> that he was "impressed by Riefenstahl's standing as a total auteur: producer, writer, director, editor and, in the fiction films, actress. The issues her films and her career raise are as complex and they are important, and her vilifiers tend to reduce the argument to one of a director's complicity in atrocity or her criminal ignorance."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorliss_2002_74-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorliss_2002-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, <a href="/wiki/Steven_Bach" title="Steven Bach">Steven Bach</a> wrote that "Riefenstahl disturbs because she remains the adamant, fierce, glib voice of the 'how could we have known?' defense, an argument fewer and fewer Germans, and almost none of the current generation, still feel comfortable making."<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film_biographies">Film biographies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Film biographies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1993, Riefenstahl was the subject of the award-winning German documentary film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Horrible_Life_of_Leni_Riefenstahl" title="The Wonderful Horrible Life of Leni Riefenstahl">The Wonderful, Horrible Life of Leni Riefenstahl</a></i>, directed by Ray Müller.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGale20073276_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGale20073276-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riefenstahl appeared in the film and answered several questions and detailed the production of her films.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGale20073276_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGale20073276-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEbert_Ebert_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEbert_Ebert-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Biofilm" title="Biofilm">biofilm</a> was nominated for seven <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmy Award">Emmy Awards</a>, winning in one category.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGale20073276_100-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGale20073276-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riefenstahl, who for some time had been working on her memoirs, decided to cooperate in the production of this documentary to tell her life story about the struggles she had gone through in her personal life, her film-making career and what people thought of her.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEbert_Ebert_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEbert_Ebert-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was also the subject of Müller's 2000 documentary film <i><a href="/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl:_Her_Dream_of_Africa" title="Leni Riefenstahl: Her Dream of Africa">Leni Riefenstahl: Her Dream of Africa</a></i>, about her return to Sudan to visit the Nuba people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBBC_News_2001_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC_News_2001-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2000, <a href="/wiki/Jodie_Foster" title="Jodie Foster">Jodie Foster</a> was planning a biographical drama on Riefenstahl, then seen as the last surviving member of Hitler's "inner circle", causing protests, with the <a href="/wiki/Simon_Wiesenthal_Center" title="Simon Wiesenthal Center">Simon Wiesenthal Centre</a>'s dean <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Hier" title="Marvin Hier">Marvin Hier</a> warning against a revisionist view that glorified the director, observing that Riefenstahl had seemed "quite infatuated" with Hitler.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, British screenwriter Rupert Walters was reported to be writing a script for the movie.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris_2007_52-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris_2007-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project did not receive Riefenstahl's approval prior to her death, as Riefenstahl asked for a veto on any scenes to which she did not agree.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris_2007_52-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris_2007-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riefenstahl reportedly wanted <a href="/wiki/Sharon_Stone" title="Sharon Stone">Sharon Stone</a> to play her rather than Foster.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris_2007_52-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris_2007-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, director <a href="/wiki/Steven_Soderbergh" title="Steven Soderbergh">Steven Soderbergh</a> revealed that he had also been working on a biopic of Riefenstahl for about six months.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJagernauth_2011_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJagernauth_2011-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He eventually abandoned the project over concerns of its commercial prospects.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJagernauth_2011_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJagernauth_2011-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2024, director <a href="/wiki/Andres_Veiel" title="Andres Veiel">Andres Veiel</a> released a biopic titled <i>Riefenstahl</i>. It premiered at the <a href="/wiki/81st_Venice_International_Film_Festival" title="81st Venice International Film Festival">81st Venice International Film Festival</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Xan#_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xan#-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was also screened at the <a href="/wiki/MAMI_Mumbai_Film_Festival_2024" title="MAMI Mumbai Film Festival 2024">MAMI Mumbai Film Festival 2024</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Riefenstahl was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Zdena_Studenkov%C3%A1" title="Zdena Studenková">Zdena Studenková</a> in <i>Leni</i>, a 2014 Slovak drama play about her fictional participation in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tonight_Show_Starring_Johnny_Carson" title="The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson">The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlovenské_Národné_Divadlo_2014_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlovenské_Národné_Divadlo_2014-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was portrayed by Dutch actress <a href="/wiki/Carice_van_Houten" title="Carice van Houten">Carice van Houten</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Race_(2016_film)" title="Race (2016 film)">Race</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Sports_film" title="Sports film">sports</a> <a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">drama film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hopkins_(director)" title="Stephen Hopkins (director)">Stephen Hopkins</a> about <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Owens" title="Jesse Owens">Jesse Owens</a>. It was released in North America on 19 February 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKit_2014_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKit_2014-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2016 short film <i>Leni. Leni.</i>, based on the play by Tom McNab and directed by Adrian Vitoria, <a href="/wiki/Hildegard_Neil" class="mw-redirect" title="Hildegard Neil">Hildegard Neil</a> portrays Riefenstahl.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, she was the subject of <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farndale" title="Nigel Farndale">Nigel Farndale</a>'s novel <i>The Dictator's Muse</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leni_Riefenstahl,_1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Leni_Riefenstahl%2C_1940.jpg/170px-Leni_Riefenstahl%2C_1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Leni_Riefenstahl%2C_1940.jpg/255px-Leni_Riefenstahl%2C_1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Leni_Riefenstahl%2C_1940.jpg/340px-Leni_Riefenstahl%2C_1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2662" /></a><figcaption>Riefenstahl at work on <i><a href="/wiki/Tiefland_(film)" title="Tiefland (film)">Tiefland</a></i> in 1940</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filmography_2">Filmography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Film_Director" class="mw-redirect" title="Film Director">Director</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Screenwriter" title="Screenwriter">Writer</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Film_Producer" class="mw-redirect" title="Film Producer">Producer</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Film_Editor" class="mw-redirect" title="Film Editor">Editor</a> </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1932</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Light_(1932_film)" title="The Blue Light (1932 film)">The Blue Light</a></i></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Story</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td>Narrative feature film </td></tr> <tr> <td>1933</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Victory_of_Faith" title="The Victory of Faith">The Victory of Faith</a></i></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td rowspan="2">Propagandistic documentary film for the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1935</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Triumph_of_the_Will" title="Triumph of the Will">Triumph of the Will</a></i></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Uncredited </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Tag_der_Freiheit:_Unsere_Wehrmacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag der Freiheit: Unsere Wehrmacht">Day of Freedom: Our Armed Forces</a></i></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td>Propagandistic documentary medium-length film for the Nazi Party that was considered lost until 1970 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1938</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Olympia_(1938_film)" title="Olympia (1938 film)">Olympia Part One: Festival of the Nations</a></i></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td rowspan="2">Documentary film about the <a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics" title="1936 Summer Olympics">1936 Olympic Games</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Olympia_(1938_film)" title="Olympia (1938 film)">Olympia Part Two: Beauty of the Festival</a></i></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td>1954</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Tiefland_(film)" title="Tiefland (film)">Tiefland</a></i></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td>Narrative feature film </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Impressionen_unter_Wasser" title="Impressionen unter Wasser">Impressions Under Water</a></i></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td>Documentary medium-length film about the bottom of the sea<br />Also co-cinematographer and final film. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acting_roles">Acting roles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Acting roles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1925: <i><a href="/wiki/Ways_to_Strength_and_Beauty" title="Ways to Strength and Beauty">Wege zu Kraft und Schönheit</a></i> ("Ways to Strength and Beauty") as Dancer</li> <li>1926: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Holy_Mountain_(1926_film)" title="The Holy Mountain (1926 film)">Der heilige Berg</a></i> ("The Holy Mountain") as Diotima</li> <li>1927: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Leap_(film)" title="The Great Leap (film)">Der große Sprung</a></i> ("The Great Leap") as Gita</li> <li>1928: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fate_of_the_House_of_Habsburg" title="The Fate of the House of Habsburg">Das Schicksal derer von Habsburg</a></i> ("Fate of the House of Habsburg") as Maria Vetsera</li> <li>1929: <i><a href="/wiki/The_White_Hell_of_Pitz_Palu_(1929_film)" title="The White Hell of Pitz Palu (1929 film)">Die weiße Hölle vom Piz Palü</a></i> ("The White Hell of Pitz Palu") as Maria Maioni</li> <li>1930: <i><a href="/wiki/St%C3%BCrme_%C3%BCber_dem_Mont_Blanc" title="Stürme über dem Mont Blanc">Stürme über dem Mont Blanc</a></i> ("Storm Over Mont Blanc") as Hella Armstrong</li> <li>1931: <i><a href="/wiki/The_White_Ecstasy_(film)" title="The White Ecstasy (film)">Der weiße Rausch</a></i> ("The White Ecstasy") as Leni</li> <li>1932: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Light_(1932_film)" title="The Blue Light (1932 film)">Das blaue Licht</a></i> ("The Blue Light") as Junta</li> <li>1933: <i><a href="/wiki/S.O.S._Eisberg" title="S.O.S. Eisberg">S.O.S. Eisberg</a></i> ("S.O.S. Iceberg") as Hella, wife of <a href="/wiki/Arctic_exploration" title="Arctic exploration">Arctic expedition</a> leader Carl Lorenz</li> <li>1954: <i><a href="/wiki/Tiefland_(film)" title="Tiefland (film)">Tiefland</a></i> ("Lowlands") as Martha, a Spanish dancer (final film role)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRiefenstahl1973" class="citation book cs1">Riefenstahl, Leni (1973). <a href="/wiki/The_Last_of_the_Nuba" title="The Last of the Nuba"><i>Die Nuba</i></a> [<i>The Last of the Nuba</i>]. St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-13642-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-13642-0"><bdi>978-0-312-13642-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Nuba&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-312-13642-0&rft.aulast=Riefenstahl&rft.aufirst=Leni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiefenstahl1976" class="citation book cs1">Riefenstahl, Leni (1976). <a href="/wiki/The_People_of_Kau" title="The People of Kau"><i>Die Nuba von Kau</i></a> [<i>The Nuba People of Kau</i>]. St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-16963-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-16963-3"><bdi>978-0-312-16963-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Nuba+von+Kau&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-312-16963-3&rft.aulast=Riefenstahl&rft.aufirst=Leni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiefenstahl1978" class="citation book cs1">Riefenstahl, Leni (1978). <a href="/wiki/Coral_Gardens" title="Coral Gardens"><i>Korallengärten</i></a> [<i>Coral Gardens</i>]. Harper & Row. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-013591-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-013591-1"><bdi>978-0-06-013591-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Koralleng%C3%A4rten&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-06-013591-1&rft.aulast=Riefenstahl&rft.aufirst=Leni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiefenstahl1982" class="citation book cs1">Riefenstahl, Leni (1982). <a href="/wiki/Vanishing_Africa" title="Vanishing Africa"><i>Mein Afrika</i></a> [<i>Vanishing Africa</i>]. Harmony Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-517-54914-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-517-54914-8"><bdi>978-0-517-54914-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mein+Afrika&rft.pub=Harmony+Books&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-517-54914-8&rft.aulast=Riefenstahl&rft.aufirst=Leni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiefenstahl1987" class="citation book cs1">Riefenstahl, Leni (1987). <a href="/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl%27s_Memoiren" title="Leni Riefenstahl's Memoiren"><i>Leni Riefenstahl's Memoiren</i></a> [<i>Leni Riefenstahl's Memoir</i>]. Taschen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8228-0834-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8228-0834-4"><bdi>978-3-8228-0834-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leni+Riefenstahl%27s+Memoiren&rft.pub=Taschen&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-3-8228-0834-4&rft.aulast=Riefenstahl&rft.aufirst=Leni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiefenstahl1990" class="citation book cs1">Riefenstahl, Leni (1990). <a href="/wiki/Wonders_under_Water" title="Wonders under Water"><i>Wunder unter Wasser</i></a> [<i>Wonders under Water</i>]. Herbig. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7766-1651-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7766-1651-4"><bdi>978-3-7766-1651-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wunder+unter+Wasser&rft.pub=Herbig&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-3-7766-1651-4&rft.aulast=Riefenstahl&rft.aufirst=Leni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiefenstahl1995" class="citation book cs1">Riefenstahl, Leni (1995). <i>Leni Riefenstahl: a memoir</i>. New York: Picador. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780312119263" title="Special:BookSources/9780312119263"><bdi>9780312119263</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leni+Riefenstahl%3A+a+memoir&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Picador&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780312119263&rft.aulast=Riefenstahl&rft.aufirst=Leni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span> (reviewed by <a href="/wiki/Bell_hooks" title="Bell hooks">bell hooks</a><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiefenstahl2002" class="citation book cs1">Riefenstahl, Leni (2002). <i>Africa</i>. Taschen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8228-1616-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8228-1616-5"><bdi>978-3-8228-1616-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Africa&rft.pub=Taschen&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-3-8228-1616-5&rft.aulast=Riefenstahl&rft.aufirst=Leni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiefenstahl2002" class="citation book cs1">Riefenstahl, Leni (2002). <i>Riefenstahl Olympia</i>. Taschen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8228-1945-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8228-1945-6"><bdi>978-3-8228-1945-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Riefenstahl+Olympia&rft.pub=Taschen&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-3-8228-1945-6&rft.aulast=Riefenstahl&rft.aufirst=Leni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.filmmuseum-potsdam.de/index.php?shortCutUrl=Leni-Riefenstahl">"Leni Riefenstahl"</a>. <i>Filmmuseum Potsdam</i> (in German).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Filmmuseum+Potsdam&rft.atitle=Leni+Riefenstahl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmmuseum-potsdam.de%2Findex.php%3FshortCutUrl%3DLeni-Riefenstahl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/2002/08/15/leni-riefenstahl-ou-le-talent-artistique-au-service-d-une-entreprise-de-mort_4251976_1819218.html">"Leni Riefenstahl ou le talent artistique au service d'une entreprise de mort – La cinéaste officielle du régime hitlérien aura cent ans le 22 août. Un destin qui épouse l'histoire du XXe siècle et pose la question des liens entre esthétique et idéologie"</a> [Leni Riefenstahl or artistic talent at the service of an enterprise of death – The official filmmaker of the Hitler regime will be one hundred years old on August 22. A destiny that embraces the history of the 20th century and raises the question of the links between aesthetics and ideology]. <i>Le Monde</i> (in French). 15 August 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Leni+Riefenstahl+ou+le+talent+artistique+au+service+d%27une+entreprise+de+mort+%E2%80%93+La+cin%C3%A9aste+officielle+du+r%C3%A9gime+hitl%C3%A9rien+aura+cent+ans+le+22+ao%C3%BBt.+Un+destin+qui+%C3%A9pouse+l%27histoire+du+XXe+si%C3%A8cle+et+pose+la+question+des+liens+entre+esth%C3%A9tique+et+id%C3%A9ologie&rft.date=2002-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Farchives%2Farticle%2F2002%2F08%2F15%2Fleni-riefenstahl-ou-le-talent-artistique-au-service-d-une-entreprise-de-mort_4251976_1819218.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/2003/09/09/la-cineaste-allemande-leni-riefenstahl-est-morte_333315_1819218.html">"La cinéaste allemande Leni Riefenstahl est morte – La réalisatrice allemande Leni Riefenstahl, qui mit sa caméra au service d'Hitler, est décédée lundi soir à l'âge de 101 ans, selon une journaliste se présentant comme très proche"</a> [German filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl is dead – German director Leni Riefenstahl, who put her camera at the service of Hitler, died Monday evening at the age of 101, according to a journalist presenting herself as very close]. <i>Le Monde</i> (in French). 9 September 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=La+cin%C3%A9aste+allemande+Leni+Riefenstahl+est+morte+%E2%80%93+La+r%C3%A9alisatrice+allemande+Leni+Riefenstahl%2C+qui+mit+sa+cam%C3%A9ra+au+service+d%27Hitler%2C+est+d%C3%A9c%C3%A9d%C3%A9e+lundi+soir+%C3%A0+l%27%C3%A2ge+de+101+ans%2C+selon+une+journaliste+se+pr%C3%A9sentant+comme+tr%C3%A8s+proche&rft.date=2003-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Farchives%2Farticle%2F2003%2F09%2F09%2Fla-cineaste-allemande-leni-riefenstahl-est-morte_333315_1819218.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/2003/09/10/leni-riefenstahl-artiste-asservie-au-nazisme_333414_1819218.html">"Leni Riefenstahl, artiste asservie au nazisme"</a> [Leni Riefenstahl, artist enslaved to Nazism]. <i>Le Monde</i> (in French). 10 September 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Leni+Riefenstahl%2C+artiste+asservie+au+nazisme&rft.date=2003-09-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Farchives%2Farticle%2F2003%2F09%2F10%2Fleni-riefenstahl-artiste-asservie-au-nazisme_333414_1819218.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarker2010" class="citation journal cs1">Barker, Jennifer (2010). "Indifference, Identification, and Desire in Virginia Woolf's Three Guineas, Leni Riefenstahl's The Blue Light and Triumph of the Will, and Leontine Sagan's Maedchen in Uniform". <i>Women in German Yearbook</i>. <b>26</b> (1). Lincoln, Nebraska: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_Press" title="University of Nebraska Press">University of Nebraska Press</a>: 73–96. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5250%2Fwomgeryearbook.26.1.0073">10.5250/womgeryearbook.26.1.0073</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5250/womgeryearbook.26.1.0073">10.5250/womgeryearbook.26.1.0073</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:142865328">142865328</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women+in+German+Yearbook&rft.atitle=Indifference%2C+Identification%2C+and+Desire+in+Virginia+Woolf%27s+Three+Guineas%2C+Leni+Riefenstahl%27s+The+Blue+Light+and+Triumph+of+the+Will%2C+and+Leontine+Sagan%27s+Maedchen+in+Uniform&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=73-96&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A142865328%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.5250%2Fwomgeryearbook.26.1.0073%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5250%2Fwomgeryearbook.26.1.0073&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDowning201223-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDowning201223_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDowning201223_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDowning201223_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDowning201223_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDowning201223_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDowning201223_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDowning2012">Downing 2012</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScheinberg1997" class="citation web cs1">Scheinberg, Robert (4 September 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/cultureshock/provocations/leni/3.html">"Award to German filmmaker spurs debate on her role as propagandist"</a>. <i>JTA News</i>. Jewish Telegraphic Agency<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2017</span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Without the Riefenstahls of the world in the 1930s, the Shoah might not have happened. I would consider her an unindicted co-conspirator.' (Rabbi Abraham Cooper, associate dean of the Simon Wiesenthal Center)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JTA+News&rft.atitle=Award+to+German+filmmaker+spurs+debate+on+her+role+as+propagandist&rft.date=1997-09-04&rft.aulast=Scheinberg&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fcultureshock%2Fprovocations%2Fleni%2F3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBach2002" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Bach" title="Steven Bach">Bach, Steven</a> (Autumn 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40260668">"The Puzzle of Leni Riefenstahl"</a>. <i>The Wilson Quarterly</i>. <b>26</b> (4): 43–46. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40260668">40260668</a>. <q>Riefenstahl disturbs because she remains the adamant, fierce, glib voice of the 'how could we have known?' defense, an argument fewer and fewer Germans, and almost none of the current generation, still feel comfortable making.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wilson+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Puzzle+of+Leni+Riefenstahl&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=43-46&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40260668%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bach&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40260668&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKakutani2007" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michiko_Kakutani" title="Michiko Kakutani">Kakutani, Michiko</a> (13 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/13/books/13kaku.html">"Triumph of Willful Blindness to the Horror of History"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <q>Riefenstahl would repeatedly ignore or deny news reports of anti-Semitic atrocities in Germany. Mr. Bach reports that she claimed not to believe reports about Kristallnacht, shrugging it off as slander on her homeland, and that during a 1938-39 trip to the United States, she told a reporter that as an artist she could not be expected to know about events, even if the rest of the world did. . . . In 1940, with the fall of Paris, Riefenstahl wrote Hitler an ecstatic telegram: 'With indescribable joy, deeply moved and filled with burning gratitude, we share with you, my Führer, your and Germany's greatest victory, the entry of German troops into Paris. You exceed anything human imagination has the power to conceive, achieving deeds without parallel in the history of mankind.' This from a woman who wanted history to see her simply as an artist, who falsely denied ever making anti-Semitic statements, who implausibly claimed she knew next to nothing about Hitler's persecution of the Jews, a woman who never acknowledged moral accountability for the role her movies played in promoting Hitler and his cause . . . .</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Triumph+of+Willful+Blindness+to+the+Horror+of+History&rft.date=2007-05-13&rft.aulast=Kakutani&rft.aufirst=Michiko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F03%2F13%2Fbooks%2F13kaku.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnolly2021" class="citation news cs1">Connolly, Kate (9 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/dec/09/burying-leni-riefenstahl-nina-gladitz-lifelong-crusade-hitler-film-maker">"Burying Leni Riefenstahl: one woman's lifelong crusade against Hitler's favourite film-maker"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <q>Jürgen Trimborn, author of a highly critical biography published in 2002, declared that there was "no evidence that, due to her proximity to the regime, Riefenstahl knew more than others did about the mass annihilation of the Jews. But it is obvious that, like most Germans, she knew enough to be sure that it was better not to know even more." (Gladitz would later judge this analysis as far too generous.)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Burying+Leni+Riefenstahl%3A+one+woman%27s+lifelong+crusade+against+Hitler%27s+favourite+film-maker&rft.date=2021-12-09&rft.aulast=Connolly&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2Fdec%2F09%2Fburying-leni-riefenstahl-nina-gladitz-lifelong-crusade-hitler-film-maker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/leni-riefenstahl">"Leni Riefenstahl"</a>. <i>encyclopedia.ushmm.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=encyclopedia.ushmm.org&rft.atitle=Leni+Riefenstahl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopedia.ushmm.org%2Fcontent%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fleni-riefenstahl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrimborn200220-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrimborn200220_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrimborn2002">Trimborn 2002</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Washington_2008_13-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUniversity_of_Washington_2008">University of Washington 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrimborn2007-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrimborn2007_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrimborn2007_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrimborn2007">Trimborn 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERother2003112-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERother2003112_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRother2003">Rother 2003</a>, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalkeld20112-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalkeld20112_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalkeld20112_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalkeld2011">Salkeld 2011</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210619151125/https://courses.washington.edu/ger371/riefenstahl/biography.html">"Leni Riefenstahl – Biography"</a>. 19 June 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://courses.washington.edu/ger371/riefenstahl/biography.html">the original</a> on 19 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leni+Riefenstahl+%E2%80%93+Biography&rft.date=2021-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcourses.washington.edu%2Fger371%2Friefenstahl%2Fbiography.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFalcon_2003-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFalcon_2003_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFalcon_2003_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFalcon_2003_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFalcon_2003_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFalcon_2003">Falcon 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEInfield197614–16-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInfield197614–16_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInfield197614–16_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFInfield1976">Infield 1976</a>, pp. 14–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELangford201220-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangford201220_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangford201220_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangford201220_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangford201220_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangford201220_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangford201220_20-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangford201220_20-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangford201220_20-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangford201220_20-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangford201220_20-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangford201220_20-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLangford2012">Langford 2012</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRainer2002" class="citation book cs1">Rainer, Rother (1 October 2002). <i>Leni Riefenstahl: The Seduction of Genius</i> (Reprint ed.). Continuum; Reprint edition. pp. 27–28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leni+Riefenstahl%3A+The+Seduction+of+Genius&rft.pages=27-28&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.pub=Continuum%3B+Reprint+edition&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.aulast=Rainer&rft.aufirst=Rother&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELangford201277-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangford201277_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLangford2012">Langford 2012</a>, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJames_2007-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames_2007_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames_2007_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames_2007_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames_2007_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames_2007_23-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames_2007_23-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames_2007_23-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames_2007_23-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames_2007_23-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJames_2007">James 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton200019-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton200019_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton200019_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton200019_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHinton2000">Hinton 2000</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMüller_1999-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMüller_1999_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMüller_1999_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMüller_1999">Müller 1999</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalkeld201114–16-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalkeld201114–16_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalkeld2011">Salkeld 2011</a>, pp. 14–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetro2010" class="citation book cs1">Petro, Patrice (2010). <i>Idols of Modernity: Movie Stars of the 1920s</i>. Camden, New Jersey: <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University_Press" title="Rutgers University Press">Rutgers University Press</a>. p. 278. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813547329" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813547329"><bdi>978-0813547329</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Idols+of+Modernity%3A+Movie+Stars+of+the+1920s&rft.place=Camden%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=278&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0813547329&rft.aulast=Petro&rft.aufirst=Patrice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENiven201853-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiven201853_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNiven2018">Niven 2018</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinton1978" class="citation book cs1">Hinton, David (1978). <i>The Films of Leni Riefenstahl</i>. Metuchen, New Jersey: <a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarecrow Press">Scarecrow Press</a>. pp. 27–29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-1141-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-1141-6"><bdi>978-0-8108-1141-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Films+of+Leni+Riefenstahl&rft.place=Metuchen%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=27-29&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-1141-6&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiefenstahl1987" class="citation book cs1">Riefenstahl, Leni (1987). <i>Leni Riefenstahl – A Memoir</i>. New York City: Picador. p. 150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-11926-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-11926-3"><bdi>978-0-312-11926-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leni+Riefenstahl+%E2%80%93+A+Memoir&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=Picador&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-312-11926-3&rft.aulast=Riefenstahl&rft.aufirst=Leni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton200020-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton200020_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton200020_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton200020_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHinton2000">Hinton 2000</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_History_Place_2001-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_History_Place_2001_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_History_Place_2001">The History Place 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2009" class="citation journal cs1">Scott, Ian (2009). 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London, England: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>: 3–10. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0143968022000055230">10.1080/0143968022000055230</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191561991">191561991</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historical+Journal+of+Film%2C+Radio+and+Television&rft.atitle=Leni+Riefenstahl%27s+%27Gypsy+Question%27&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-10&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0143968022000055230&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191561991%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Tegel&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F0143968022000055230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton200021–22-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton200021–22_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton200021–22_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHinton2000">Hinton 2000</a>, pp. 21–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton200021-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton200021_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHinton2000">Hinton 2000</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Xan#-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Xan#_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Xan#_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Xan#_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Xan#_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooks2024" class="citation news cs1">Brooks, Xan (29 August 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/article/2024/aug/29/riefenstahl-review-deep-dive-study-takes-down-the-nazis-favourite-director">"Riefenstahl review – deep-dive study takes down the Nazis' favourite director. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+European+Cinema&rft.atitle=Music+in+Nazi+Film%3A+How+Different+is+Triumph+of+the+Will%3F&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=37-53&rft.date=2006-09-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1386%2Fseci.3.1.37%2F1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191330845%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobert_2013-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobert_2013_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobert_2013">Robert 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris_2007-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris_2007_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris_2007_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris_2007_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris_2007_52-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris_2007_52-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris_2007_52-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris_2007_52-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris_2007">Harris 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnolly2024" class="citation web cs1">Connolly, Kate (28 August 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/article/2024/aug/28/film-suggests-nazis-propagandist-leni-riefenstahl-had-role-in-1939-massacre">"Film suggests Nazis' lead propagandist had role in 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenrick2006197_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenrick2006197_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenrick2006197_57-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenrick2006197_57-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenrick2006197_57-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKenrick2006">Kenrick 2006</a>, p. 197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://riefenstahl.askdefinebeta.com/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Helene Bertha Amalie "Leni" Riefenstahl (August 22 1902 – September 8 2003)"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oe1.orf.at&rft.atitle=ORF-Radiothek%3A+Interview+with+Andres+Veiel&rft.date=2024-10-31&rft.aulast=Veiel&rft.aufirst=Andres&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foe1.orf.at%2Fplayer%2F20241031%2F773438%2F1730391500984&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_72-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_72-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/holoprelude/riefenstahl.html">"Leni Riefenstahl"</a>. <i>holocaustresearchproject.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=holocaustresearchproject.org&rft.atitle=Leni+Riefenstahl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.holocaustresearchproject.org%2Fholoprelude%2Friefenstahl.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/986528.stm">"The five lives of Leni Riefenstahl"</a>. <i>news.bbc.co.uk</i>. BBC News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+five+lives+of+Leni+Riefenstahl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F986528.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECorliss_2002-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorliss_2002_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorliss_2002_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorliss_2002_74-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCorliss_2002">Corliss 2002</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESontag1975-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESontag1975_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESontag1975_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSontag1975">Sontag 1975</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKramer1975-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKramer1975_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKramer1975_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKramer1975">Kramer 1975</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tyree 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelty1974" class="citation web cs1">Welty, Eudora (1 December 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1974/12/01/archives/africa-and-paris-and-russia-africa.html">"Africa And Paris And Russia"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Africa+And+Paris+And+Russia&rft.date=1974-12-01&rft.aulast=Welty&rft.aufirst=Eudora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1974%2F12%2F01%2Farchives%2Fafrica-and-paris-and-russia-africa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERother2003231-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERother2003231_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRother2003">Rother 2003</a>, p. 231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeni_Riefenstahl_2001-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeni_Riefenstahl_2001_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeni_Riefenstahl_2001">Leni Riefenstahl 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140702123352/http://lifetimetv.co.uk/biography/biography-leni-riefenstahl">"Leni Riefenstahl Biography"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lifetimetv.co.uk/biography/biography-leni-riefenstahl">the original</a> on 2 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leni+Riefenstahl+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lifetimetv.co.uk%2Fbiography%2Fbiography-leni-riefenstahl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC_News_2002-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBBC_News_2002_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBBC_News_2002">BBC News 2002</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESteinberg_2003-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteinberg_2003_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSteinberg_2003">Steinberg 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC_News_2001-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBBC_News_2001_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBBC_News_2001_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBBC_News_2001">BBC News 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis_2003-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis_2003_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis_2003">Davis 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007410">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Leni Riefenstahl (Helene Riefenstahl)"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Leni+Riefenstahl+%28Helene+Riefenstahl%29%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushmm.org%2Fwlc%2Fen%2Farticle.php%3FModuleId%3D10007410&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFantz_2002-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFantz_2002_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFantz_2002">Fantz 2002</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERhielO'SickeyPages2008245-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERhielO'SickeyPages2008245_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRhielO'SickeyPages2008">Rhiel, O'Sickey & Pages 2008</a>, p. 245.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090419075052/http://www.muenchen.de/cms/prod1/mde/_de/rubriken/Rathaus/70_rgu/09_friedhof_bestattung/pdf/beruehmte_verstorbene_liste_nach_fh.pdf">"Selection of famous burials in Munich (German)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muenchen.de/cms/prod1/mde/_de/rubriken/Rathaus/70_rgu/09_friedhof_bestattung/pdf/beruehmte_verstorbene_liste_nach_fh.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Selection+of+famous+burials+in+Munich+%28German%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muenchen.de%2Fcms%2Fprod1%2Fmde%2F_de%2Frubriken%2FRathaus%2F70_rgu%2F09_friedhof_bestattung%2Fpdf%2Fberuehmte_verstorbene_liste_nach_fh.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHickley2018" class="citation web cs1">Hickley, Catherine (13 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2018/02/13/estate-of-nazi-propaganda-film-maker-leni-riefenstahl-donated-to-berlin-museums">"Estate of Nazi propaganda film-maker, Leni Riefenstahl, donated to Berlin museums"</a>. <i>The Art Newspaper</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Art+Newspaper&rft.atitle=Estate+of+Nazi+propaganda+film-maker%2C+Leni+Riefenstahl%2C+donated+to+Berlin+museums&rft.date=2018-02-13&rft.aulast=Hickley&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theartnewspaper.com%2F2018%2F02%2F13%2Festate-of-nazi-propaganda-film-maker-leni-riefenstahl-donated-to-berlin-museums&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENiven201853–55-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiven201853–55_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNiven2018">Niven 2018</a>, pp. 53–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowning2007" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Downing" title="Taylor Downing">Downing, Taylor</a> (28 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2007/apr/29/biography.features">"Leni: fully exposed"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Leni%3A+fully+exposed&rft.date=2007-04-28&rft.aulast=Downing&rft.aufirst=Taylor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2007%2Fapr%2F29%2Fbiography.features&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScheinberg1997" class="citation web cs1">Scheinberg, Robert (4 September 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/cultureshock/provocations/leni/3.html">"Award to German filmmaker spurs debate on her role as propagandist"</a>. <i>JTA News</i>. Jewish Telegraphic Agency<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2017</span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Without the Riefenstahls of the world in the 1930s, the Shoah might not have happened. I would consider her an unindicted co-conspirator.' (Rabbi Abraham Cooper, associate dean of the Simon Wiesenthal Center)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JTA+News&rft.atitle=Award+to+German+filmmaker+spurs+debate+on+her+role+as+propagandist&rft.date=1997-09-04&rft.aulast=Scheinberg&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fcultureshock%2Fprovocations%2Fleni%2F3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorld_Press_Review_2014-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorld_Press_Review_2014_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWorld_Press_Review_2014">World Press Review 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham1993" class="citation journal cs1">Graham, Cooper C. (1993). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Olympia' in America, 1938 : Leni Riefenstahl, Hollywood, and the Kristallnacht". <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Journal_of_Film,_Radio_and_Television" title="Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television">Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television</a></i>. <b>13</b> (4). London, England: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>: 433. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01439689300260351">10.1080/01439689300260351</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historical+Journal+of+Film%2C+Radio+and+Television&rft.atitle=%27Olympia%27+in+America%2C+1938+%3A+Leni+Riefenstahl%2C+Hollywood%2C+and+the+Kristallnacht&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=433&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01439689300260351&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Cooper+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris_1999-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris_1999_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris_1999">Morris 1999</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErickson">Erickson</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith_2003-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith_2003_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith_2003">Smith 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThurman_2007-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThurman_2007_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThurman_2007">Thurman 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGale20073276-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGale20073276_100-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGale20073276_100-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGale20073276_100-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGale2007">Gale 2007</a>, p. 3276.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEbert_Ebert-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEbert_Ebert_101-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEbert_Ebert_101-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEbert_Ebert">Ebert Ebert</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2000" class="citation news cs1">Davis, Simon (5 October 2000). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1369033/Jodie-Foster-film-about-Hitler-aide-angers-Jews.html">"Jodie Foster film about Hitler aide angers Jews"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Telegraph">Daily Telegraph</a></i>. London, England: <a href="/wiki/Telegraph_Media_Group" title="Telegraph Media Group">Telegraph Media Group</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1369033/Jodie-Foster-film-about-Hitler-aide-angers-Jews.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Jodie+Foster+film+about+Hitler+aide+angers+Jews&rft.date=2000-10-05&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2F1369033%2FJodie-Foster-film-about-Hitler-aide-angers-Jews.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJagernauth_2011-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJagernauth_2011_103-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJagernauth_2011_103-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJagernauth_2011">Jagernauth 2011</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarey2024" class="citation news cs1">Carey, Matthew (28 August 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2024/08/riefenstahl-venice-film-festival-documentary-director-andres-veiel-interview-1236070934/">"In 'Riefenstahl,' A German Director Takes Down Hitler's Favorite Filmmaker, Who Still Appeals To Hollywood — Venice Film Festival"</a>. <i>Deadline</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deadline&rft.atitle=In+%27Riefenstahl%2C%27+A+German+Director+Takes+Down+Hitler%27s+Favorite+Filmmaker%2C+Who+Still+Appeals+To+Hollywood+%E2%80%94+Venice+Film+Festival&rft.date=2024-08-28&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2024%2F08%2Friefenstahl-venice-film-festival-documentary-director-andres-veiel-interview-1236070934%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeb2024" class="citation web cs1">Deb, Deepshikha (30 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.highonfilms.com/mami-mumbai-film-festival-unveils-2024-official-lineup/">"MAMI Mumbai Film Festival Unveils 2024 Official Lineup"</a>. <i>High On Films</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=High+On+Films&rft.atitle=MAMI+Mumbai+Film+Festival+Unveils+2024+Official+Lineup&rft.date=2024-09-30&rft.aulast=Deb&rft.aufirst=Deepshikha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.highonfilms.com%2Fmami-mumbai-film-festival-unveils-2024-official-lineup%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESlovenské_Národné_Divadlo_2014-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlovenské_Národné_Divadlo_2014_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSlovenské_Národné_Divadlo_2014">Slovenské Národné Divadlo 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKit_2014-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKit_2014_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKit_2014">Kit 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035404/http://www.wearemovingstories.com/we-are-moving-stories-videos/2016/5/20/cannes-short-film-corner-leni-leni">"Cannes Short Film Corner – Leni"</a>. We are Moving Stories. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wearemovingstories.com/we-are-moving-stories-videos/2016/5/20/cannes-short-film-corner-leni-leni">the original</a> on 1 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cannes+Short+Film+Corner+%E2%80%93+Leni&rft.pub=We+are+Moving+Stories&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wearemovingstories.com%2Fwe-are-moving-stories-videos%2F2016%2F5%2F20%2Fcannes-short-film-corner-leni-leni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarndale" class="citation news cs1">Farndale, Nigel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/leni-riefenstahl-hitlers-muse-and-jaggers-friend-0shgfjr26">"Leni Riefenstahl: Hitler's muse (And Jagger's friend)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Leni+Riefenstahl%3A+Hitler%27s+muse+%28And+Jagger%27s+friend%29&rft.aulast=Farndale&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fleni-riefenstahl-hitlers-muse-and-jaggers-friend-0shgfjr26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFhooks1997" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bell_hooks" title="Bell hooks">hooks, bell</a> (1997). "Review: the feminazi mystique". <i><a href="/wiki/Transition_Magazine" title="Transition Magazine">Transition Magazine</a></i> (73). <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a> on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Hutchins_Center_for_African_and_African_American_Research" title="Hutchins Center for African and African American Research">Hutchins Center for African and African American Research</a> at Harvard University via <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>: 156–162. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2935451">10.2307/2935451</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2935451">2935451</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transition+Magazine&rft.atitle=Review%3A+the+feminazi+mystique&rft.issue=73&rft.pages=156-162&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2935451&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2935451%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=hooks&rft.aufirst=bell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books_2">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAitken2013" class="citation book cs1">Aitken, Ian (2013). <i>The Concise Routledge Encyclopedia of the Documentary Film</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415596428" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415596428"><bdi>978-0415596428</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Routledge+Encyclopedia+of+the+Documentary+Film&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0415596428&rft.aulast=Aitken&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew1999" class="citation book cs1">Andrew, Geoff (1999). <i>The Director's Vision: A Concise Guide to the Art of 250 Great Filmmakers</i>. A Cappella. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1556523663" title="Special:BookSources/978-1556523663"><bdi>978-1556523663</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Director%27s+Vision%3A+A+Concise+Guide+to+the+Art+of+250+Great+Filmmakers&rft.pub=A+Cappella&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1556523663&rft.aulast=Andrew&rft.aufirst=Geoff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBach2007" class="citation book cs1">Bach, Steven (2007). <i>Leni: The Life and Work of Leni Riefenstahl</i>. Little, Brown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-31686-111-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-31686-111-3"><bdi>978-0-31686-111-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leni%3A+The+Life+and+Work+of+Leni+Riefenstahl&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-31686-111-3&rft.aulast=Bach&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernstein2013" class="citation book cs1">Bernstein, Arnie (2013). <i>Swastika Nation: Fritz Kuhn and the Rise and Fall of the German-American Bund</i>. <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1250036445" title="Special:BookSources/978-1250036445"><bdi>978-1250036445</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Swastika+Nation%3A+Fritz+Kuhn+and+the+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+German-American+Bund&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1250036445&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Arnie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdmondson2007" class="citation book cs1">Edmondson, Jacqueline (2007). <i>Jesse Owens: A Biography</i>. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwood Publishing">Greenwood Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0313339882" title="Special:BookSources/978-0313339882"><bdi>978-0313339882</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesse+Owens%3A+A+Biography&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0313339882&rft.aulast=Edmondson&rft.aufirst=Jacqueline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGale2007" class="citation book cs1">Gale, Thomson (2007). <i>Video Sourcebook: A Guide to Programs Currently Available on Video in the Areas Of: Movies/Entertainment, General Interest/Education, Sports/Recreation, Fine Arts, Heal</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cengage_Learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Cengage Learning">Cengage Learning</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1414400990" title="Special:BookSources/978-1414400990"><bdi>978-1414400990</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Video+Sourcebook%3A+A+Guide+to+Programs+Currently+Available+on+Video+in+the+Areas+Of%3A+Movies%2FEntertainment%2C+General+Interest%2FEducation%2C+Sports%2FRecreation%2C+Fine+Arts%2C+Heal&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1414400990&rft.aulast=Gale&rft.aufirst=Thomson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeck-Rabi1984" class="citation book cs1">Heck-Rabi, Louise (1984). <i>Women Filmmakers: A Critical Reception</i>. <a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarecrow Press">Scarecrow Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0810816602" title="Special:BookSources/978-0810816602"><bdi>978-0810816602</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+Filmmakers%3A+A+Critical+Reception&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0810816602&rft.aulast=Heck-Rabi&rft.aufirst=Louise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinton2000" class="citation book cs1">Hinton, David (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/filmsofleniriefe00hint"><i>The Films of Leni Riefenstahl</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarecrow Press">Scarecrow Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1461635062" title="Special:BookSources/978-1461635062"><bdi>978-1461635062</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Films+of+Leni+Riefenstahl&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1461635062&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffilmsofleniriefe00hint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInfield1976" class="citation book cs1">Infield, Glenn (1976). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/leniriefenstahlf00infi"><i>Leni Riefenstahl: the Fallen Film Goddess</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Y._Crowell_Co." title="Thomas Y. Crowell Co.">Crowell</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0690011678" title="Special:BookSources/978-0690011678"><bdi>978-0690011678</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leni+Riefenstahl%3A+the+Fallen+Film+Goddess&rft.pub=Crowell&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0690011678&rft.aulast=Infield&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fleniriefenstahlf00infi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenrick2006" class="citation book cs1">Kenrick, Donald (2006). <i>The Final Chapter</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hertfordshire" title="University of Hertfordshire">University of Hertfordshire</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1902806495" title="Special:BookSources/978-1902806495"><bdi>978-1902806495</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Final+Chapter&rft.pub=University+of+Hertfordshire&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1902806495&rft.aulast=Kenrick&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangford2012" class="citation book cs1">Langford, Michelle (2012). <i>Directory of World Cinema: Germany</i>. Intellect Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1841504650" title="Special:BookSources/978-1841504650"><bdi>978-1841504650</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Directory+of+World+Cinema%3A+Germany&rft.pub=Intellect+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1841504650&rft.aulast=Langford&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiven2018" class="citation book cs1">Niven, Bill (2018). <i>Hitler and Film: The Führer's Hidden Passion</i>. <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300200362" title="Special:BookSources/9780300200362"><bdi>9780300200362</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler+and+Film%3A+The+F%C3%BChrer%27s+Hidden+Passion&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780300200362&rft.aulast=Niven&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhielO'SickeyPages2008" class="citation book cs1">Rhiel, Mary; O'Sickey, Ingeborg; Pages, Neil (2008). <i>Riefenstahl Screened: An Anthology of New Criticism</i>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1441104533" title="Special:BookSources/978-1441104533"><bdi>978-1441104533</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Riefenstahl+Screened%3A+An+Anthology+of+New+Criticism&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1441104533&rft.aulast=Rhiel&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.au=O%27Sickey%2C+Ingeborg&rft.au=Pages%2C+Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRother2003" class="citation book cs1">Rother, Rainer (2003). <i>Leni Riefenstahl: The Seduction of Genius</i>. <a href="/wiki/A%26C_Black" class="mw-redirect" title="A&C Black">A&C Black</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0826470232" title="Special:BookSources/978-0826470232"><bdi>978-0826470232</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leni+Riefenstahl%3A+The+Seduction+of+Genius&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0826470232&rft.aulast=Rother&rft.aufirst=Rainer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalkeld2011" class="citation book cs1">Salkeld, Audrey (2011). <i>A Portrait of Leni Riefenstahl</i>. <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1446475270" title="Special:BookSources/978-1446475270"><bdi>978-1446475270</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Portrait+of+Leni+Riefenstahl&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1446475270&rft.aulast=Salkeld&rft.aufirst=Audrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomlinson2012" class="citation book cs1">Tomlinson, Alan (2012). <i>National Identity and Global Sports Events: Culture, Politics, and Spectacle in the Olympics and the Football World Cup</i>. <a href="/wiki/SUNY_Press" title="SUNY Press">SUNY Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0791482483" title="Special:BookSources/978-0791482483"><bdi>978-0791482483</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+Identity+and+Global+Sports+Events%3A+Culture%2C+Politics%2C+and+Spectacle+in+the+Olympics+and+the+Football+World+Cup&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0791482483&rft.aulast=Tomlinson&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrimborn2008" class="citation book cs1">Trimborn, Jürgen (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/leniriefenstahll00trim"><i>Leni Riefenstahl: A Life</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Faber_%26_Faber" title="Faber & Faber">Faber & Faber</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0865479760" title="Special:BookSources/978-0865479760"><bdi>978-0865479760</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leni+Riefenstahl%3A+A+Life&rft.pub=Faber+%26+Faber&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0865479760&rft.aulast=Trimborn&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fleniriefenstahll00trim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrimborn2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Trimborn, Jürgen (2002). <i>Leni Riefenstahl: eine deutsche Karriere - Biographie</i> [<i>Leni Riefenstahl: a German career - Biography</i>] (in German). <a href="/wiki/Aufbau_Verlag" title="Aufbau Verlag">Aufbau Verlag</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-351-02536-X" title="Special:BookSources/3-351-02536-X"><bdi>3-351-02536-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leni+Riefenstahl%3A+eine+deutsche+Karriere+-+Biographie&rft.pub=Aufbau+Verlag&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=3-351-02536-X&rft.aulast=Trimborn&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journals">Journals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Journals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuruma_2007" class="citation journal cs1">Buruma, Ian (14 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2007/jun/14/fascinating-narcissism/">"Fascinating Narcissim"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a></i>. <b>54</b> (10)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Fascinating+Narcissim&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=10&rft.date=2007-06-14&rft.aulast=Buruma&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Farticles%2Farchives%2F2007%2Fjun%2F14%2Ffascinating-narcissism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Review_of_Books_1976" class="citation journal cs1">Sontag, Susan (6 February 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1975/feb/06/fascinating-fascism/">"Fascinating Fascism"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a></i>. <b>22</b> (1)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Fascinating+Fascism&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1976-02-06&rft.aulast=Sontag&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Farticles%2Farchives%2F1975%2Ffeb%2F06%2Ffascinating-fascism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor_2007" class="citation journal cs1">Taylor, Charles (19 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/ill-will/">"Ill Will"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=Ill+Will&rft.date=2007-04-19&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Farchive%2Fill-will%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magazines">Magazines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Magazines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorliss_2002" class="citation magazine cs1">Corliss, Richard (22 August 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,340279,00.html">"That Old Feeling: Leni's Triumph"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=That+Old+Feeling%3A+Leni%27s+Triumph&rft.date=2002-08-22&rft.aulast=Corliss&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Farts%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C340279%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowning2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Downing, Taylor (8 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historytoday.com/taylor-downing/olympics-film">"The Olympics on Film"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/History_Today" title="History Today">History Today</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Today&rft.atitle=The+Olympics+on+Film&rft.date=2012-08-08&rft.aulast=Downing&rft.aufirst=Taylor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historytoday.com%2Ftaylor-downing%2Folympics-film&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_Yorker_1994" class="citation magazine cs1">Ross, Harold Wallace; White, Katharine Sergeant Angell (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4JceAQAAMAAJ">"Moschino"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Moschino&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Harold+Wallace&rft.au=White%2C+Katharine+Sergeant+Angell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4JceAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThurman_2007" class="citation magazine cs1">Thurman, Judith (29 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/03/19/where-theres-a-will">"Where There's a Will: the Rise of Leni Riefenstahl"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Where+There%27s+a+Will%3A+the+Rise+of+Leni+Riefenstahl&rft.date=2007-03-29&rft.aulast=Thurman&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2007%2F03%2F19%2Fwhere-theres-a-will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Online">Online</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Online"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrime_File_News_2011" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201022053829/http://www.crimefilenews.com/2011/12/before-steven-speilberg-there-was-leni.html">"Before Steven Speilberg there Was Leni Riefenstahl!"</a>. Crime File News. 28 December 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crimefilenews.com/2011/12/before-steven-speilberg-there-was-leni.html">the original</a> on 22 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Before+Steven+Speilberg+there+Was+Leni+Riefenstahl%21&rft.pub=Crime+File+News&rft.date=2011-12-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crimefilenews.com%2F2011%2F12%2Fbefore-steven-speilberg-there-was-leni.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnolly_2002" class="citation web cs1">Connolly, Kate (18 August 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/aug/18/artsandhumanities.germany">"Gypsies' Fate Gaunts Film Muse of Hitler"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Gypsies%27+Fate+Gaunts+Film+Muse+of+Hitler&rft.date=2002-08-18&rft.aulast=Connolly&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2002%2Faug%2F18%2Fartsandhumanities.germany&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis_2003" class="citation web cs1">Davis, David (12 September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forward.com/news/8105/pro-nazi-filmmaker-leni-riefenstahl-101-dies/">"Pro-Nazi Filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl, 101, Dies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Forward" title="The Forward">The Forward</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Quentin+Tarantino%27s+%27Basterds%27+Is+a+Glorious+Mash-up&rft.date=2009-08-16&rft.aulast=Whipp&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2009-aug-16-ca-guide16-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeni+Riefenstahl" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Template:Leni Riefenstahl"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Template talk:Leni Riefenstahl"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Leni Riefenstahl"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leni_Riefenstahl" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leni Riefenstahl</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films directed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Light_(1932_film)" title="The Blue Light (1932 film)">The Blue Light</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Victory_of_Faith" title="The Victory of Faith">The Victory of Faith</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Triumph_of_the_Will" title="Triumph of the Will">Triumph of the Will</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tag_der_Freiheit:_Unsere_Wehrmacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag der Freiheit: Unsere Wehrmacht">Tag der Freiheit: Unsere Wehrmacht</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Olympia_(1938_film)" title="Olympia (1938 film)">Olympia</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiefland_(film)" title="Tiefland (film)">Tiefland</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Impressionen_unter_Wasser" title="Impressionen unter Wasser">Impressionen unter Wasser</a></i> (2002)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa-related books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_of_the_Nuba" title="The Last of the Nuba">The Last of the Nuba</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_People_of_Kau" title="The People of Kau">The People of Kau</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vanishing_Africa" title="Vanishing Africa">Vanishing Africa</a></i> (1982)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marine-related books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Coral_Gardens" title="Coral Gardens">Coral Gardens</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wonders_under_Water" title="Wonders under Water">Wonders under Water</a></i> (1990)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Memoirs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl%27s_Memoiren" title="Leni Riefenstahl's Memoiren">Leni Riefenstahl's Memoiren</a></i> (1987)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Fanck" title="Arnold Fanck">Arnold Fanck</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Horrible_Life_of_Leni_Riefenstahl" title="The Wonderful Horrible Life of Leni Riefenstahl">The Wonderful Horrible Life of Leni Riefenstahl</a></i> (1993 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl:_Her_Dream_of_Africa" title="Leni Riefenstahl: Her Dream of Africa">Leni Riefenstahl: Her Dream of Africa</a></i> (2000 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Race_(2016_film)" title="Race (2016 film)">Race</a></i> (2016 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Underwater_diving" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Underwater_diving" title="Template:Underwater diving"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Underwater_diving" title="Template talk:Underwater diving"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Underwater_diving" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Underwater diving"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Underwater_diving" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Underwater_diving" title="Underwater diving">Underwater diving</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diving_activities" title="Diving activities">Diving activities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_mode" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving mode">Diving modes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric pressure diving">Atmospheric pressure diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freediving" title="Freediving">Freediving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturation_diving" title="Saturation diving">Saturation diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving" title="Scuba diving">Scuba diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snorkeling" title="Snorkeling">Snorkeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_oriented_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Surface oriented diving">Surface oriented diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface-supplied_diving" title="Surface-supplied diving">Surface-supplied diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Unmanned diving">Unmanned diving</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Diving_equipment" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Diving_equipment" title="Diving equipment">Diving equipment</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cleaning_and_disinfection_of_personal_diving_equipment" title="Cleaning and disinfection of personal diving equipment">Cleaning and disinfection of personal diving equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_factors_in_diving_equipment_design" title="Human factors in diving equipment design">Human factors in diving equipment design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diving_equipment_manufacturers" title="List of diving equipment manufacturers">List of diving equipment manufacturers</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basic equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diving_mask" title="Diving mask">Diving mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snorkel_(swimming)" title="Snorkel (swimming)">Snorkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimfin" title="Swimfin">Swimfin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Breathing_gas" title="Breathing gas">Breathing gas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailout_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bailout gas">Bailout gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottom_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bottom gas">Bottom gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breathing_air" class="mw-redirect" title="Breathing air">Breathing air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Decompression gas">Decompression gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_gas_supply" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency gas supply">Emergency gas supply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliox" title="Heliox">Heliox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydreliox" title="Hydreliox">Hydreliox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrox_(breathing_gas)" title="Hydrox (breathing gas)">Hydrox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrox" title="Nitrox">Nitrox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">Oxygen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel gas">Travel gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimix_(breathing_gas)" title="Trimix (breathing gas)">Trimix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buoyancy and<br />trim equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avelo_diving_system" title="Avelo diving system">Avelo diving system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buoyancy_compensator_(diving)" title="Buoyancy compensator (diving)">Buoyancy compensator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_inflator" class="mw-redirect" title="Power inflator">Power inflator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dump_valve_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dump valve (diving)">Dump valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_buoyancy_pressure_vessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Variable buoyancy pressure vessel">Variable buoyancy pressure vessel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_weighting_system" title="Diving weighting system">Diving weighting system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankle_weights_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ankle weights (diving)">Ankle weights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_weights" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated weights">Integrated weights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trim_weights_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trim weights (diving)">Trim weights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weight_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Weight belt">Weight belt</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Decompression_equipment" title="Decompression equipment">Decompression<br />equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_buoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Decompression buoy">Decompression buoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_chamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Decompression chamber">Decompression chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_cylinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Decompression cylinder">Decompression cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_trapeze" class="mw-redirect" title="Decompression trapeze">Decompression trapeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dive_computer" title="Dive computer">Dive computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_bell" title="Diving bell">Diving bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_shot" title="Diving shot">Diving shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving stage">Diving stage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_upline" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey upline">Jersey upline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonline" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonline">Jonline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diving_suit" title="Diving suit">Diving suit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_diving_suit" title="Atmospheric diving suit">Atmospheric diving suit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JIM_suit" title="JIM suit">JIM suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newtsuit" title="Newtsuit">Newtsuit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_suit" title="Dry suit">Dry suit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sladen_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Sladen suit">Sladen suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_diving_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard diving suit">Standard diving suit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rash_vest" class="mw-redirect" title="Rash vest">Rash vest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetsuit" title="Wetsuit">Wetsuit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dive_skins" class="mw-redirect" title="Dive skins">Dive skins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot-water_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot-water suit">Hot-water suit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Helmets<br />and masks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fog" title="Anti-fog">Anti-fog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_helmet" title="Diving helmet">Diving helmet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free-flow_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-flow helmet">Free-flow helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightweight_demand_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Lightweight demand helmet">Lightweight demand helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orinasal_mask" title="Orinasal mask">Orinasal mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaim_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Reclaim helmet">Reclaim helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shallow_water_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Shallow water helmet">Shallow water helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_diving_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard diving helmet">Standard diving helmet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_mask" title="Diving mask">Diving mask</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Band_mask" class="mw-redirect" title="Band mask">Band mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-face_mask" class="mw-redirect" title="Full-face mask">Full-face mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_mask" class="mw-redirect" title="Half mask">Half mask</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instrumentation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bottom_timer" class="mw-redirect" title="Bottom timer">Bottom timer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depth_gauge" title="Depth gauge">Depth gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dive_computer" title="Dive computer">Dive computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dive_timer" class="mw-redirect" title="Dive timer">Dive timer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_watch" title="Diving watch">Diving watch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helium_release_valve" title="Helium release valve">Helium release valve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro-galvanic_oxygen_sensor" title="Electro-galvanic oxygen sensor">Electro-galvanic oxygen sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumofathometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pneumofathometer">Pneumofathometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submersible_pressure_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Submersible pressure gauge">Submersible pressure gauge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mobility<br />equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diver_propulsion_vehicle" title="Diver propulsion vehicle">Diver propulsion vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_bell" title="Diving bell">Diving bell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closed_bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Closed bell">Closed bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Wet bell">Wet bell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving stage">Diving stage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimfin" title="Swimfin">Swimfin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monofin" title="Monofin">Monofin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerSwim" title="PowerSwim">PowerSwim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towboard" title="Towboard">Towboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_sub" title="Wet sub">Wet sub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Safety<br />equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_air_source" title="Alternative air source">Alternative air source</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octopus_regulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Octopus regulator">Octopus regulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pony_bottle" title="Pony bottle">Pony bottle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_snap" title="Bolt snap">Bolt snap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddy line">Buddy line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dive_light" title="Dive light">Dive light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver%27s_cutting_tool" class="mw-redirect" title="Diver's cutting tool">Diver's cutting tool</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diver%27s_knife" class="mw-redirect" title="Diver's knife">Diver's knife</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver%27s_telephone" class="mw-redirect" title="Diver's telephone">Diver's telephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Through-water_communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Through-water communications">Through-water communications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_acoustic_communication" title="Underwater acoustic communication">Underwater acoustic communication</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_bell" title="Diving bell">Diving bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_safety_harness" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving safety harness">Diving safety harness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_gas_supply" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency gas supply">Emergency gas supply</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailout_block" class="mw-redirect" title="Bailout block">Bailout block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailout_bottle" title="Bailout bottle">Bailout bottle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifeline_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifeline (diving)">Lifeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Screw_gate_carabiner" class="mw-redirect" title="Screw gate carabiner">Screw gate carabiner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_locator_beacon" title="Emergency locator beacon">Emergency locator beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescue_tether" class="mw-redirect" title="Rescue tether">Rescue tether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Safety helmet">Safety helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark-proof_cage" class="mw-redirect" title="Shark-proof cage">Shark-proof cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snoopy_loop" class="mw-redirect" title="Snoopy loop">Snoopy loop</a></li> <li>Navigation equipment <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distance_line" title="Distance line">Distance line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_compass" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving compass">Diving compass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dive_reel" class="mw-redirect" title="Dive reel">Dive reel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_marker" title="Line marker">Line marker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_marker_buoy" title="Surface marker buoy">Surface marker buoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silt_screw" class="mw-redirect" title="Silt screw">Silt screw</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Underwater_breathing_apparatus" title="Underwater breathing apparatus">Underwater<br />breathing<br />apparatus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_diving_suit" title="Atmospheric diving suit">Atmospheric diving suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_cylinder" title="Diving cylinder">Diving cylinder</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burst_disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Burst disc">Burst disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_cylinder_valve" title="Scuba cylinder valve">Scuba cylinder valve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_helmet" title="Diving helmet">Diving helmet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reclaim_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Reclaim helmet">Reclaim helmet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_regulator" title="Diving regulator">Diving regulator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mechanism_of_diving_regulators" title="Mechanism of diving regulators">Mechanism of diving regulators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulator_malfunction" class="mw-redirect" title="Regulator malfunction">Regulator malfunction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regulator_freeze" class="mw-redirect" title="Regulator freeze">Regulator freeze</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-hose_regulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-hose regulator">Single-hose regulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin-hose_regulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin-hose regulator">Twin-hose regulator</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-face_diving_mask" title="Full-face diving mask">Full-face diving mask</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Open-circuit_scuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-circuit scuba">Open-circuit<br />scuba</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_set" title="Scuba set">Scuba set</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailout_bottle" title="Bailout bottle">Bailout bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_cylinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Decompression cylinder">Decompression cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_doubles" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent doubles">Independent doubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifolded_twin_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Manifolded twin set">Manifolded twin set</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_manifold" title="Scuba manifold">Scuba manifold</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pony_bottle" title="Pony bottle">Pony bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_configuration" class="mw-redirect" title="Scuba configuration">Scuba configuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidemount" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidemount">Sidemount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sling_cylinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Sling cylinder">Sling cylinder</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diving_rebreather" title="Diving rebreather">Diving rebreathers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_scrubber" title="Carbon dioxide scrubber">Carbon dioxide scrubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carleton_CDBA" class="mw-redirect" title="Carleton CDBA">Carleton CDBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearance_Divers_Life_Support_Equipment" title="Clearance Divers Life Support Equipment">Clearance Divers Life Support Equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryogenic_rebreather" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryogenic rebreather">Cryogenic rebreather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUMA" title="CUMA">CUMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSEA" class="mw-redirect" title="DSEA">DSEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%A4ger_Dolphin" class="mw-redirect" title="Dräger Dolphin">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halcyon_PVR-BASC" title="Halcyon PVR-BASC">Halcyon PVR-BASC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halcyon_RB80" title="Halcyon RB80">Halcyon RB80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDA71" title="IDA71">IDA71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interspiro_DCSC" title="Interspiro DCSC">Interspiro DCSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAR-5" class="mw-redirect" title="LAR-5">LAR-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAR-6" class="mw-redirect" title="LAR-6">LAR-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAR-V" class="mw-redirect" title="LAR-V">LAR-V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambertsen_Amphibious_Respiratory_Unit" title="Lambertsen Amphibious Respiratory Unit">LARU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_IV_Amphibian" title="Mark IV Amphibian">Mark IV Amphibian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porpoise_(scuba_gear)" title="Porpoise (scuba gear)">Porpoise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%A4ger_Ray" class="mw-redirect" title="Dräger Ray">Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siebe_Gorman_CDBA" title="Siebe Gorman CDBA">Siebe Gorman CDBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siebe_Gorman_Salvus" title="Siebe Gorman Salvus">Salvus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siva_(rebreather)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siva (rebreather)">Siva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Surface-supplied_diving_equipment" title="Surface-supplied diving equipment">Surface-supplied<br />diving equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_line" title="Air line">Air line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver%27s_umbilical" class="mw-redirect" title="Diver's umbilical">Diver's umbilical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_air_compressor" title="Diving air compressor">Diving air compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_panel" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas panel">Gas panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hookah_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hookah (diving)">Hookah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_replacement" class="mw-redirect" title="Scuba replacement">Scuba replacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snuba" title="Snuba">Snuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_diving_dress" title="Standard diving dress">Standard diving dress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_diving_equipment_manufacturers" title="List of diving equipment manufacturers"> Diving<br />equipment<br />manufacturers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP_Diving" title="AP Diving">AP Diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apeks" title="Apeks">Apeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Lung_America" title="Aqua Lung America">Aqua Lung America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Lung/La_Spirotechnique" title="Aqua Lung/La Spirotechnique">Aqua Lung/La Spirotechnique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beuchat" title="Beuchat">Beuchat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cavalero" title="René Cavalero">René Cavalero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cis-Lunar" title="Cis-Lunar">Cis-Lunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cressi-Sub" title="Cressi-Sub">Cressi-Sub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacor_(scuba_diving)" title="Dacor (scuba diving)">Dacor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DESCO" title="DESCO">DESCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dive_Xtras" title="Dive Xtras">Dive Xtras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divex" title="Divex">Divex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_Unlimited_International" title="Diving Unlimited International">Diving Unlimited International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%A4gerwerk" class="mw-redirect" title="Drägerwerk">Drägerwerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faber_Industrie_S.p.A." title="Faber Industrie S.p.A.">Faber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenzy" title="Fenzy">Fenzy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Fernez" title="Maurice Fernez">Maurice Fernez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Ferraro_(naval_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luigi Ferraro (naval officer)">Technisub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Gugen" title="Oscar Gugen">Oscar Gugen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinke_(diving_equipment_manufacturer)" title="Heinke (diving equipment manufacturer)">Heinke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HeinrichsWeikamp" title="HeinrichsWeikamp">HeinrichsWeikamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Outdoors" title="Johnson Outdoors">Johnson Outdoors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mares_(scuba_equipment)" title="Mares (scuba equipment)">Mares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morse_Diving" title="Morse Diving">Morse Diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemrod" title="Nemrod">Nemrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_Worldwide" title="Oceanic Worldwide">Oceanic Worldwide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porpoise_(scuba_gear)" title="Porpoise (scuba gear)">Porpoise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shearwater_Research" title="Shearwater Research">Shearwater Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siebe_Gorman" title="Siebe Gorman">Siebe Gorman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_Products" title="Submarine Products">Submarine Products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suunto" title="Suunto">Suunto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Diving_support_equipment" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Diving_support_equipment" title="Diving support equipment">Diving support equipment</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Access equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boarding_stirrup" class="mw-redirect" title="Boarding stirrup">Boarding stirrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver_lift" class="mw-redirect" title="Diver lift">Diver lift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_bell" title="Diving bell">Diving bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_ladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving ladder">Diving ladder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_platform_(scuba)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving platform (scuba)">Diving platform (scuba)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving stage">Diving stage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downline_(diving)" title="Downline (diving)">Downline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackstay" title="Jackstay">Jackstay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_and_recovery_system_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch and recovery system (diving)">Launch and recovery system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messenger_line" title="Messenger line">Messenger line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_pool" title="Moon pool">Moon pool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breathing gas<br />handling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diving_air_compressor#Filtration" title="Diving air compressor">Air filtration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activated_carbon" title="Activated carbon">Activated carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopcalite" title="Hopcalite">Hopcalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_sieve" title="Molecular sieve">Molecular sieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silica_gel" title="Silica gel">Silica gel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booster_pump" title="Booster pump">Booster pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_scrubber" title="Carbon dioxide scrubber">Carbon dioxide scrubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_filling_system" title="Cascade filling system">Cascade filling system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver%27s_pump" title="Diver's pump">Diver's pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_air_compressor" title="Diving air compressor">Diving air compressor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diving_air_filter" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving air filter">Diving air filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_separator" class="mw-redirect" title="Water separator">Water separator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_pressure_breathing_air_compressor" class="mw-redirect" title="High pressure breathing air compressor">High pressure breathing air compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_pressure_breathing_air_compressor" class="mw-redirect" title="Low pressure breathing air compressor">Low pressure breathing air compressor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_blending" title="Gas blending">Gas blending</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gas_blending_for_scuba_diving" title="Gas blending for scuba diving">Gas blending for scuba diving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_panel" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas panel">Gas panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_reclaim_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas reclaim system">Gas reclaim system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_storage_bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas storage bank">Gas storage bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gas_storage_quad" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas storage quad">Gas storage quad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_storage_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas storage tube">Gas storage tube</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helium_analyzer" title="Helium analyzer">Helium analyzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrox_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrox production">Nitrox production</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Membrane_gas_separation" title="Membrane gas separation">Membrane gas separation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_swing_adsorption" title="Pressure swing adsorption">Pressure swing adsorption</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_analyser" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygen analyser">Oxygen analyser</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electro-galvanic_oxygen_sensor" title="Electro-galvanic oxygen sensor">Electro-galvanic oxygen sensor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_compatibility" title="Oxygen compatibility">Oxygen compatibility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Decompression_equipment" title="Decompression equipment">Decompression<br />equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air-lock" class="mw-redirect" title="Air-lock">Air-lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Built-in_breathing_system" title="Built-in breathing system">Built-in breathing system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_tables" class="mw-redirect" title="Decompression tables">Decompression tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_bell" title="Diving bell">Diving bell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_cursor" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell cursor">Bell cursor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Closed bell">Closed bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clump_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Clump weight">Clump weight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_and_recovery_system_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch and recovery system (diving)">Launch and recovery system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Wet bell">Wet bell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_chamber" title="Diving chamber">Diving chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving stage">Diving stage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_Dive_Planner" title="Recreational Dive Planner">Recreational Dive Planner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturation_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturation system">Saturation system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dive_boat" title="Dive boat">Dive boat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_and_kayak_diving" title="Canoe and kayak diving">Canoe and kayak diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_rubber_raiding_craft" title="Combat rubber raiding craft">Combat rubber raiding craft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liveaboard" title="Liveaboard">Liveaboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subskimmer" title="Subskimmer">Subskimmer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_support_vessel" title="Diving support vessel">Diving support vessel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Challenger_(K07)" title="HMS Challenger (K07)">HMS Challenger (K07)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Underwaterhabitat" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Underwater_habitat" title="Underwater habitat">Underwater<br />habitat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_Reef_Base" title="Aquarius Reef Base">Aquarius Reef Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Shelf_Station_Two" title="Continental Shelf Station Two">Continental Shelf Station Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helgoland_Habitat" title="Helgoland Habitat">Helgoland Habitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Carpenter_Space_Analog_Station" title="Scott Carpenter Space Analog Station">Scott Carpenter Space Analog Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEALAB" title="SEALAB">SEALAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tektite_habitat" title="Tektite habitat">Tektite habitat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Remotely_operated_underwater_vehicle" title="Remotely operated underwater vehicle">Remotely operated<br />underwater vehicles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8A4-class_ROUV" title="8A4-class ROUV">8A4-class ROUV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABISMO" title="ABISMO">ABISMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantis_ROV_Team" title="Atlantis ROV Team">Atlantis ROV Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COTSBot" title="COTSBot">COTSBot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CURV" title="CURV">CURV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Drone" title="Deep Drone">Deep Drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89paulard" title="Épaulard">Épaulard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Explorer_ROV" title="Global Explorer ROV">Global Explorer ROV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldfish-class_ROUV" title="Goldfish-class ROUV">Goldfish-class ROUV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaik%C5%8D_ROV" title="Kaikō ROV">Kaikō ROV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%C5%9Fif_ROUV" title="Kaşif ROUV">Kaşif ROUV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-Term_Mine_Reconnaissance_System" title="Long-Term Mine Reconnaissance System">Long-Term Mine Reconnaissance System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini_Rover_ROV" title="Mini Rover ROV">Mini Rover ROV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenROV" title="OpenROV">OpenROV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROV_KIEL_6000" title="ROV KIEL 6000">ROV KIEL 6000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROV_PHOCA" title="ROV PHOCA">ROV PHOCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorpio_ROV" title="Scorpio ROV">Scorpio ROV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Dragon-class_ROV" title="Sea Dragon-class ROV">Sea Dragon-class ROV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seabed_tractor" title="Seabed tractor">Seabed tractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafox_drone" title="Seafox drone">Seafox drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaPerch" title="SeaPerch">SeaPerch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SJT-class_ROUV" title="SJT-class ROUV">SJT-class ROUV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T1200_Trenching_Unit" title="T1200 Trenching Unit">T1200 Trenching Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VideoRay_UROVs" title="VideoRay UROVs">VideoRay UROVs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Safety equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diver_down_flag" title="Diver down flag">Diver down flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_shot" title="Diving shot">Diving shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ENOS_Rescue-System" title="ENOS Rescue-System">ENOS Rescue-System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbaric_lifeboat" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperbaric lifeboat">Hyperbaric lifeboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbaric_stretcher" title="Hyperbaric stretcher">Hyperbaric stretcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackstay_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackstay (diving)">Jackstay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonline" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonline">Jonline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_gas_supply_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserve gas supply (diving)">Reserve gas supply</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diving_spread" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving spread">Diving spread</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_spread" class="mw-redirect" title="Air spread">Air spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturation_spread" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturation spread">Saturation spread</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_water_system_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot water system (diving)">Hot water system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar">Sonar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_acoustic_positioning_system" title="Underwater acoustic positioning system">Underwater acoustic positioning system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_acoustic_communication" title="Underwater acoustic communication">Underwater acoustic communication</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Freediving" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Freediving" title="Freediving">Freediving</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquathlon_(underwater_wrestling)" title="Aquathlon (underwater wrestling)">Aquathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apnoea_finswimming" class="mw-redirect" title="Apnoea finswimming">Apnoea finswimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freediving" title="Freediving">Freediving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haenyeo" title="Haenyeo">Haenyeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_hunting" title="Pearl hunting">Pearl hunting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ama_(diving)" title="Ama (diving)">Ama</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snorkeling" title="Snorkeling">Snorkeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearfishing" title="Spearfishing">Spearfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_football" title="Underwater football">Underwater football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_hockey" title="Underwater hockey">Underwater hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_rugby" title="Underwater rugby">Underwater rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_target_shooting" title="Underwater target shooting">Underwater target shooting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Deep" title="Nordic Deep">Nordic Deep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_Blue" title="Vertical Blue">Vertical Blue</a></li> <li>Disciplines <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constant_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Constant weight">Constant weight</a> (CWT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_weight_bi-fins" title="Constant weight bi-fins">Constant weight bi-fins</a> (CWTB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_weight_without_fins" title="Constant weight without fins">Constant weight without fins</a> (CNF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_apnea" title="Dynamic apnea">Dynamic apnea</a> (DYN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_apnea_without_fins" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamic apnea without fins">Dynamic apnea without fins</a> (DNF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_immersion" class="mw-redirect" title="Free immersion">Free immersion</a> (FIM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-limits_apnea" title="No-limits apnea">No-limits apnea</a> (NLT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Static_apnea" title="Static apnea">Static apnea</a> (STA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skandalopetra_diving" title="Skandalopetra diving">Skandalopetra diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_weight_apnea" class="mw-redirect" title="Variable weight apnea">Variable weight apnea</a> (VWT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_weight_apnea_without_fins" class="mw-redirect" title="Variable weight apnea without fins">Variable weight apnea without fins</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diving_mask" title="Diving mask">Diving mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_suit" title="Diving suit">Diving suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_sling" title="Hawaiian sling">Hawaiian sling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polespear" title="Polespear">Polespear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snorkel_(swimming)" title="Snorkel (swimming)">Snorkel (swimming)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speargun" title="Speargun">Speargun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimfin" title="Swimfin">Swimfins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monofin" title="Monofin">Monofin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_polo_cap" title="Water polo cap">Water polo cap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Freedivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Andollo" title="Deborah Andollo">Deborah Andollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Arrigoni" title="Simone Arrigoni">Simone Arrigoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peppo_Biscarini" title="Peppo Biscarini">Peppo Biscarini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Board" title="Michael Board">Michael Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Campbell" title="Sara Campbell">Sara Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derya_Can_G%C3%B6%C3%A7en" class="mw-redirect" title="Derya Can Göçen">Derya Can Göçen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goran_%C4%8Colak" title="Goran Čolak">Goran Čolak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Coste" title="Carlos Coste">Carlos Coste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Croft_(diver)" title="Robert Croft (diver)">Robert Croft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandy-Rae_Cruickshank" title="Mandy-Rae Cruickshank">Mandy-Rae Cruickshank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasemin_Dalk%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7" title="Yasemin Dalkılıç">Yasemin Dalkılıç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_D%27Imporzano" title="Leonardo D'Imporzano">Leonardo D'Imporzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavia_Eberhard" title="Flavia Eberhard">Flavia Eberhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eahika_Erc%C3%BCmen" title="Şahika Ercümen">Şahika Ercümen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Farrell_(freediver)" title="Emma Farrell (freediver)">Emma Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ferreras" title="Francisco Ferreras">Francisco Ferreras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Frolla" title="Pierre Frolla">Pierre Frolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavia_Eberhard" title="Flavia Eberhard">Flavia Eberhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehgan_Heaney-Grier" title="Mehgan Heaney-Grier">Mehgan Heaney-Grier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Kristoffersen" title="Elisabeth Kristoffersen">Elisabeth Kristoffersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Yevhenovych_Khvetkevych" class="mw-redirect" title="Andriy Yevhenovych Khvetkevych">Andriy Yevhenovych Khvetkevych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%AFc_Leferme" title="Loïc Leferme">Loïc Leferme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzo_Maiorca" title="Enzo Maiorca">Enzo Maiorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Mayol" title="Jacques Mayol">Jacques Mayol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Mestre" title="Audrey Mestre">Audrey Mestre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karol_Meyer" title="Karol Meyer">Karol Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Middleton_(free-diver)" title="Kate Middleton (free-diver)">Kate Middleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Mifsud" title="Stéphane Mifsud">Stéphane Mifsud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Molchanov" title="Alexey Molchanov">Alexey Molchanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Molchanova" title="Natalia Molchanova">Natalia Molchanova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Mullins_(freediver)" title="Dave Mullins (freediver)">Dave Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Musimu" title="Patrick Musimu">Patrick Musimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_N%C3%A9ry" title="Guillaume Néry">Guillaume Néry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Nitsch" title="Herbert Nitsch">Herbert Nitsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Pelizzari" title="Umberto Pelizzari">Umberto Pelizzari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liv_Philip" title="Liv Philip">Liv Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annelie_Pompe" title="Annelie Pompe">Annelie Pompe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stig_Severinsen" title="Stig Severinsen">Stig Severinsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Sietas" title="Tom Sietas">Tom Sietas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aharon_Solomons" title="Aharon Solomons">Aharon Solomons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_%C5%A0t%C4%9Bp%C3%A1nek_(free-diver)" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Štěpánek (free-diver)">Martin Štěpánek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Steyn" title="Walter Steyn">Walter Steyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanya_Streeter" title="Tanya Streeter">Tanya Streeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Trubridge" title="William Trubridge">William Trubridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devrim_Cenk_Ulusoy" title="Devrim Cenk Ulusoy">Devrim Cenk Ulusoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatma_Uruk" title="Fatma Uruk">Fatma Uruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danai_Varveri" title="Danai Varveri">Danai Varveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessia_Zecchini" title="Alessia Zecchini">Alessia Zecchini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nataliia_Zharkova" title="Nataliia Zharkova">Nataliia Zharkova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hazards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barotrauma" title="Barotrauma">Barotrauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drowning" title="Drowning">Drowning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freediving_blackout" title="Freediving blackout">Freediving blackout</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep-water_blackout" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep-water blackout">Deep-water blackout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freediving_blackout#Terminology" title="Freediving blackout">Shallow-water blackout</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypercapnia" title="Hypercapnia">Hypercapnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothermia" title="Hypothermia">Hypothermia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ama_(diving)" title="Ama (diving)">Ama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopus_wrestling" title="Octopus wrestling">Octopus wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_underwater_swimming" title="Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's underwater swimming">Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's underwater swimming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIDA_International" title="AIDA International">AIDA International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_Schools_International" title="Scuba Schools International">Scuba Schools International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Underwater_Federation" title="Australian Underwater Federation">Australian Underwater Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Freediving_Association" title="British Freediving Association">British Freediving Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Mondiale_des_Activit%C3%A9s_Subaquatiques" title="Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques">Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Fran%C3%A7aise_d%27%C3%89tudes_et_de_Sports_Sous-Marins" title="Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins">Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_Freediving_International" title="Performance Freediving International">Performance Freediving International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Professional_diving" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Professional_diving" title="Professional diving">Professional diving</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ama_(diving)" title="Ama (diving)">Ama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial diver">Commercial diver</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_offshore_diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial offshore diver">Commercial offshore diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazmat_diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazmat diver">Hazmat diver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divemaster" title="Divemaster">Divemaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_instructor" title="Diving instructor">Diving instructor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_safety_officer" title="Diving safety officer">Diving safety officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_superintendent" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving superintendent">Diving superintendent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_supervisor" title="Diving supervisor">Diving supervisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haenyeo" title="Haenyeo">Haenyeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Media diver">Media diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Police diver">Police diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_safety_diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Public safety diver">Public safety diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific diver">Scientific diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_archaeologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Underwater archaeologist">Underwater archaeologist</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Militarydiving" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_diving" title="Military diving">Military<br />diving</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_engineer_diver" title="Army engineer diver">Army engineer diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces_Divers" title="Canadian Armed Forces Divers">Canadian Armed Forces Divers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearance_diver" title="Clearance diver">Clearance diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frogman" title="Frogman">Frogman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minentaucher" title="Minentaucher">Minentaucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_ships_diver" title="Royal Navy ships diver">Royal Navy ships diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_divers" title="United States military divers">United States military divers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Navy_diver_(United_States_Navy)" title="Navy diver (United States Navy)">U.S. Navy diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_diver_(United_States_Navy)" title="Master diver (United States Navy)">U.S.Navy master diver</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Militarydivingunits" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_diving_units" title="List of military diving units">Military<br />diving<br />units</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clearance_Diving_Branch_(RAN)" title="Clearance Diving Branch (RAN)">Clearance Diving Branch (RAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commando_Hubert" class="mw-redirect" title="Commando Hubert">Commando Hubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Special_Operations_Force" title="Lithuanian Special Operations Force">Combat Divers Service (Lithuania)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comando_Raggruppamento_Subacquei_e_Incursori_Teseo_Tesei" title="Comando Raggruppamento Subacquei e Incursori Teseo Tesei">Comando Raggruppamento Subacquei e Incursori Teseo Tesei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decima_Flottiglia_MAS" title="Decima Flottiglia MAS">Decima Flottiglia MAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frogman_Corps_(Denmark)" title="Frogman Corps (Denmark)">Frogman Corps (Denmark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuerzas_Especiales" title="Fuerzas Especiales">Fuerzas Especiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukuryu" title="Fukuryu">Fukuryu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRUMEC" title="GRUMEC">GRUMEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grup_Gerak_Khas" class="mw-redirect" title="Grup Gerak Khas">Grup Gerak Khas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagdkommando" title="Jagdkommando">Jagdkommando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JW_Formoza" class="mw-redirect" title="JW Formoza">JW Formoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JW_GROM" class="mw-redirect" title="JW GROM">JW GROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JW_Komandos%C3%B3w" class="mw-redirect" title="JW Komandosów">JW Komandosów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kommando_Spezialkr%C3%A4fte_Marine" title="Kommando Spezialkräfte Marine">Kommando Spezialkräfte Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOPASKA" title="KOPASKA">KOPASKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MARCOS" title="MARCOS">MARCOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Commandos" title="Marine Commandos">Marine Commandos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinejegerkommandoen" title="Marinejegerkommandoen">Marinejegerkommandoen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Raider_Regiment" title="Marine Raider Regiment">Marine Raider Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minedykkerkommandoen" title="Minedykkerkommandoen">Minedykkerkommandoen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_Marine_Corps#Operational_Diving_Unit" title="Namibian Marine Corps">Namibian Marine Corps Operational Diving Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Diving_Unit_(Singapore)" title="Naval Diving Unit (Singapore)">Naval Diving Unit (Singapore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Service_Diving_Section" title="Naval Service Diving Section">Naval Service Diving Section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Special_Operations_Command" title="Naval Special Operations Command">Naval Special Operations Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operational_Diving_Division_(SA_Navy)" title="Operational Diving Division (SA Navy)">Operational Diving Division (SA Navy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">Royal Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_commando_frogmen" title="Russian commando frogmen">Russian commando frogmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sappers_Divers_Group" title="Sappers Divers Group">Sappers Divers Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shayetet_13" title="Shayetet 13">Shayetet 13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">Special Air Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service_Regiment" title="Special Air Service Regiment">Special Air Service Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Actions_Detachment" title="Special Actions Detachment">Special Actions Detachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Boat_Service" title="Special Boat Service">Special Boat Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Boat_Squadron_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Special Boat Squadron (Sri Lanka)">Special Boat Squadron (Sri Lanka)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_Command_(Turkey)" title="Special Forces Command (Turkey)">Special Forces Command (Turkey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_Group_(Belgium)" title="Special Forces Group (Belgium)">Special Forces Group (Belgium)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Battalion_(Croatia)" title="Special Operations Battalion (Croatia)">Special Operations Battalion (Croatia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Service_Group_(Navy)" title="Special Service Group (Navy)">Special Service Group (Navy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Warfare_Diving_and_Salvage" title="Special Warfare Diving and Salvage">Special Warfare Diving and Salvage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_Divers_Group" title="Tactical Divers Group">Tactical Divers Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Force_Reconnaissance" title="United States Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance">US Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Reconnaissance_Battalions" title="United States Marine Corps Reconnaissance Battalions">US Marine Corps Reconnaissance Battalions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_SEALs" title="United States Navy SEALs">US Navy SEALs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_Construction_Teams" title="Underwater Construction Teams">Underwater Construction Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_Demolition_Command" title="Underwater Demolition Command">Underwater Demolition Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_Demolition_Team" title="Underwater Demolition Team">Underwater Demolition Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_Offence_(Turkish_Armed_Forces)" title="Underwater Offence (Turkish Armed Forces)">Underwater Offence (Turkish Armed Forces)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNGERIN" title="UNGERIN">UNGERIN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Underwater_work" title="Underwater work">Underwater<br />work</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_offshore_diving" title="Commercial offshore diving">Commercial offshore diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dive_leader" title="Dive leader">Dive leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver_training" title="Diver training">Diver training</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_diver_training" title="Recreational diver training">Recreational diver training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazmat_diving" title="Hazmat diving">Hazmat diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbaric_welding" title="Hyperbaric welding">Hyperbaric welding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_construction" title="Marine construction">Marine construction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Offshore_construction" title="Offshore construction">Offshore construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_construction" title="Underwater construction">Underwater construction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_diving" title="Media diving">Media diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_hunting" title="Pearl hunting">Pearl hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_diving" title="Police diving">Police diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potable_water_diving" title="Potable water diving">Potable water diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_safety_diving" title="Public safety diving">Public safety diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_diving" title="Scientific diving">Scientific diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ships_husbandry" title="Ships husbandry">Ships husbandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sponge_diving" title="Sponge diving">Sponge diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_pipeline" title="Submarine pipeline">Submarine pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_archaeology" title="Underwater archaeology">Underwater archaeology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_shipwrecks" title="Archaeology of shipwrecks">Archaeology of shipwrecks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_cutting_and_welding" title="Underwater cutting and welding">Underwater cutting and welding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_demolition" title="Underwater demolition">Underwater demolition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_inspection" class="mw-redirect" title="Underwater inspection">Underwater inspection</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nondestructive_testing" title="Nondestructive testing">Nondestructive testing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_logging" title="Underwater logging">Underwater logging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_photography" title="Underwater photography">Underwater photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_search_and_recovery" title="Underwater search and recovery">Underwater search and recovery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_searches" title="Underwater searches">Underwater searches</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_videography" title="Underwater videography">Underwater videography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_survey" title="Underwater survey">Underwater survey</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Salvage_diving" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Salvage_diving" title="Salvage diving">Salvage diving</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS_Egypt" title="SS Egypt">SS <i>Egypt</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronan_(ship)" title="Kronan (ship)"><i>Kronan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Belle_(ship)" title="La Belle (ship)"><i>La Belle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Laurentic_(1908)" title="SS Laurentic (1908)">SS <i>Laurentic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Lusitania" title="RMS Lusitania">RMS <i>Lusitania</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_warship_Mars" title="Swedish warship Mars"><i>Mars</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Rose" title="Mary Rose"><i>Mary Rose</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Monitor" title="USS Monitor">USS <i>Monitor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Royal_George_(1756)" title="HMS Royal George (1756)">HMS <i>Royal George</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasa_(ship)" title="Vasa (ship)"><i>Vasa</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diving_contractor" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving contractor">Diving<br />contractors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compagnie_maritime_d%27expertises" title="Compagnie maritime d'expertises">COMEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helix_Energy_Solutions_Group" title="Helix Energy Solutions Group">Helix Energy Solutions Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Marine_Contractors_Association" title="International Marine Contractors Association">International Marine Contractors Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools and<br />equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrasive_waterjet" class="mw-redirect" title="Abrasive waterjet">Abrasive waterjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airlift_(dredging_device)" title="Airlift (dredging device)">Airlift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baited_remote_underwater_video" title="Baited remote underwater video">Baited remote underwater video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-water_surface_cleaning" title="In-water surface cleaning">In-water surface cleaning</a> <ul><li>Brush cart</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavitation_cleaning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cavitation cleaning (page does not exist)">Cavitation cleaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_washing" title="Pressure washing">Pressure washing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigging" title="Pigging">Pigging</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_stab" title="Hot stab">Hot stab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifting_bag" title="Lifting bag">Lifting bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remotely_operated_underwater_vehicle" title="Remotely operated underwater vehicle">Remotely operated underwater vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_lance" title="Thermal lance">Thermal lance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremie" title="Tremie">Tremie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_jetting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Water jetting (page does not exist)">Water jetting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Underwater<br />weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limpet_mine" title="Limpet mine">Limpet mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speargun" title="Speargun">Speargun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_sling" title="Hawaiian sling">Hawaiian sling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polespear" title="Polespear">Polespear</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Underwaterfirearm" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Underwater_firearm" title="Underwater firearm">Underwater<br />firearm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gyrojet" title="Gyrojet">Gyrojet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mk_1_Underwater_Defense_Gun" title="Mk 1 Underwater Defense Gun">Mk 1 Underwater Defense Gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powerhead_(firearm)" title="Powerhead (firearm)">Powerhead</a></li> <li>Underwater pistols <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_P11" title="Heckler & Koch P11">Heckler & Koch P11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPP-1_underwater_pistol" title="SPP-1 underwater pistol">SPP-1 underwater pistol</a></li></ul></li> <li>Underwater revolvers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AAI_underwater_revolver" title="AAI underwater revolver">AAI underwater revolver</a></li></ul></li> <li>Underwater rifles <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADS_amphibious_rifle" title="ADS amphibious rifle">ADS amphibious rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APS_underwater_rifle" title="APS underwater rifle">APS underwater rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASM-DT_amphibious_rifle" title="ASM-DT amphibious rifle">ASM-DT amphibious rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QBS-06" title="QBS-06">QBS-06</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Recreational_diving" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Recreational_diving" title="Recreational diving">Recreational diving</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_dive_sites" title="Recreational dive sites">Recreational dive sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_recreational_dive_sites" title="Index of recreational dive sites">Index of recreational dive sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wreck_diving_sites" title="List of wreck diving sites">List of wreck diving sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_recreational_dive_sites" title="Outline of recreational dive sites">Outline of recreational dive sites</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altitude_diving" title="Altitude diving">Altitude diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_diving" title="Cave diving">Cave diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_diving" title="Deep diving">Deep diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_diving" title="Ice diving">Ice diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muck_diving" title="Muck diving">Muck diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-water_diving" title="Open-water diving">Open-water diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebreather_diving" title="Rebreather diving">Rebreather diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidemount_diving" title="Sidemount diving">Sidemount diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_diving" title="Solo diving">Solo diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_diving" title="Technical diving">Technical diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_photography" title="Underwater photography">Underwater photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wreck_diving" title="Wreck diving">Wreck diving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diver_organisations" title="Diver organisations">Diver<br />organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Sub-Aqua_Club" title="British Sub-Aqua Club">British Sub-Aqua Club</a> (BSAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_Divers_Association_of_Australia" title="Cave Divers Association of Australia">Cave Divers Association of Australia</a> (CDAA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_Diving_Group" title="Cave Diving Group">Cave Diving Group</a> (CDG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comhairle_Fo-Thuinn" title="Comhairle Fo-Thuinn">Comhairle Fo-Thuinn</a> (CFT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Mondiale_des_Activit%C3%A9s_Subaquatiques" title="Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques">Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques</a> (CMAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federaci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_Actividades_Subacu%C3%A1ticas" title="Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas">Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas</a> (FEDAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Fran%C3%A7aise_d%27%C3%89tudes_et_de_Sports_Sous-Marins" title="Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins">Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins</a> (FFESSM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_for_Handicapped_Divers" title="International Association for Handicapped Divers">International Association for Handicapped Divers</a> (IAHD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintana_Roo_Speleological_Survey" title="Quintana Roo Speleological Survey">Quintana Roo Speleological Survey</a> (QRSS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodville_Karst_Plain_Project" title="Woodville Karst Plain Project">Woodville Karst Plain Project</a> (WKPP)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diving tourism<br />industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dive_center" title="Dive center">Dive center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_in_East_Timor" title="Diving in East Timor">Diving in East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_in_the_Maldives" title="Diving in the Maldives">Diving in the Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_recreational_diving" title="Environmental impact of recreational diving">Environmental impact of recreational diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving_tourism" title="Scuba diving tourism">Scuba diving tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Scuba diving in the Cayman Islands">Scuba diving in the Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_tourism" title="Shark tourism">Shark tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_ships_for_wreck_diving_sites" title="Sinking ships for wreck diving sites">Sinking ships for wreck diving sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_diving_on_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Underwater diving on Guam">Underwater diving on Guam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diving events<br />and festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversnight" title="Diversnight">Diversnight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_Bike_Race" title="Underwater Bike Race">Underwater Bike Race</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Diving_safety" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Diving_safety" title="Diving safety">Diving safety</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_factors_in_diving_equipment_design" title="Human factors in diving equipment design">Human factors in diving equipment design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_factors_in_diving_safety" title="Human factors in diving safety">Human factors in diving safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life-support_system" title="Life-support system">Life-support system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety-critical_system" title="Safety-critical system">Safety-critical system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving_fatalities" title="Scuba diving fatalities">Scuba diving fatalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_diving_emergency" title="Underwater diving emergency">Underwater diving emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_safety" title="Water safety">Water safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_surface_searches" title="Water surface searches">Water surface searches</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diving_hazards" title="Diving hazards">Diving<br />hazards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diving_hazards_and_precautions" title="List of diving hazards and precautions">List of diving hazards and precautions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazards_of_the_diving_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazards of the diving environment">Environmental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_current" title="Ocean current">Current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta-P_(hazard)" class="mw-redirect" title="Delta-P (hazard)">Delta-P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entanglement_(hazard)" class="mw-redirect" title="Entanglement (hazard)">Entanglement hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penetration_diving" title="Penetration diving">Overhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silt_out" title="Silt out">Silt out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wave_action" class="mw-redirect" title="Wave action">Wave action</a></li></ul></li> <li>Equipment <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freeflow" title="Freeflow">Freeflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diving_hazards_and_precautions#Use_of_breathing_equipment_in_an_underwater_environment" title="List of diving hazards and precautions">Use of breathing equipment in an underwater environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diving_hazards_and_precautions#Failure_of_diving_equipment_other_than_breathing_apparatus" title="List of diving hazards and precautions">Failure of diving equipment other than breathing apparatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_point_of_failure" title="Single point of failure">Single point of failure</a></li></ul></li> <li>Physiological <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_shock_response" title="Cold shock response">Cold shock response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_(diving)" title="Decompression (diving)">Decompression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_narcosis" title="Nitrogen narcosis">Nitrogen narcosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_toxicity" title="Oxygen toxicity">Oxygen toxicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasickness" class="mw-redirect" title="Seasickness">Seasickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncontrolled_decompression" title="Uncontrolled decompression">Uncontrolled decompression</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diving_hazards_and_precautions#Diver_behaviour_and_competence" title="List of diving hazards and precautions">Diver behaviour and competence</a> <ul><li>Lack of <a href="/wiki/Competence_(human_resources)" title="Competence (human resources)">competence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overconfidence_effect" title="Overconfidence effect">Overconfidence effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic" title="Panic">Panic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_loading" title="Task loading">Task loading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anxiety#Trait" title="Anxiety">Trait anxiety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willful_violation" title="Willful violation">Willful violation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Consequences" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consequences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barotrauma" title="Barotrauma">Barotrauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_sickness" title="Decompression sickness">Decompression sickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drowning" title="Drowning">Drowning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothermia" title="Hypothermia">Hypothermia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoxia_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypoxia (medical)">Hypoxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypercapnia" title="Hypercapnia">Hypercapnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperthermia" title="Hyperthermia">Hyperthermia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-freezing_cold_injury" title="Non-freezing cold injury">Non-freezing cold injury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diving_procedures" title="Diving procedures">Diving<br />procedures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascending_and_descending_(diving)" title="Ascending and descending (diving)">Ascending and descending</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_ascent" title="Emergency ascent">Emergency ascent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boat_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Boat diving">Boat diving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_and_kayak_diving" title="Canoe and kayak diving">Canoe and kayak diving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_diving" title="Buddy diving">Buddy diving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_check" title="Buddy check">buddy check</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_(diving)" title="Decompression (diving)">Decompression</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_practice" title="Decompression practice">Decompression practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyle_stop" title="Pyle stop">Pyle stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratio_decompression" title="Ratio decompression">Ratio decompression</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dive_briefing" title="Dive briefing">Dive briefing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dive_log" title="Dive log">Dive log</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dive_planning" title="Dive planning">Dive planning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_thirds_(diving)" title="Rule of thirds (diving)">Rule of thirds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_gas_planning" title="Scuba gas planning">Scuba gas planning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver_communications" title="Diver communications">Diver communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver_rescue" title="Diver rescue">Diver rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver_training" title="Diver training">Diver training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doing_It_Right_(scuba_diving)" title="Doing It Right (scuba diving)">Doing It Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drift_diving" title="Drift diving">Drift diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_blending_for_scuba_diving" title="Gas blending for scuba diving">Gas blending for scuba diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_diving" title="Night diving">Night diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebreather_diving" title="Rebreather diving">Rebreather diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_gas_management" title="Scuba gas management">Scuba gas management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_diving" title="Solo diving">Solo diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_diving" title="Wall diving">Wall diving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Risk_management" title="Risk management">Risk<br />management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Checklist" title="Checklist">Checklist</a></li> <li>Hazard identification and risk assessment <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_analysis" title="Hazard analysis">Hazard analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_safety_analysis" title="Job safety analysis">Job safety analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_assessment" title="Risk assessment">Risk assessment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbaric_evacuation_and_rescue" title="Hyperbaric evacuation and rescue">Hyperbaric evacuation and rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_control" title="Risk control">Risk control</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_hazard_controls" title="Hierarchy of hazard controls">Hierarchy of hazard controls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incident_pit" title="Incident pit">Incident pit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockout%E2%80%93tagout" title="Lockout–tagout">Lockout–tagout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permit_To_Work" class="mw-redirect" title="Permit To Work">Permit To Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redundancy_(engineering)" title="Redundancy (engineering)">Redundancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_data_sheet" title="Safety data sheet">Safety data sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situation_awareness" title="Situation awareness">Situation awareness</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diving_team" title="Diving team">Diving team</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bellman_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellman (diving)">Bellman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_operator" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamber operator">Chamber operator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver_medical_technician" class="mw-redirect" title="Diver medical technician">Diver medical technician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver%27s_attendant" class="mw-redirect" title="Diver's attendant">Diver's attendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_supervisor" title="Diving supervisor">Diving supervisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_systems_technician" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving systems technician">Diving systems technician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_man" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas man">Gas man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_support_technician" class="mw-redirect" title="Life support technician">Life support technician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand-by_diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Stand-by diver">Stand-by diver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment<br />safety</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breathing_gas_quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Breathing gas quality">Breathing gas quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testing_and_inspection_of_diving_cylinders" title="Testing and inspection of diving cylinders">Testing and inspection of diving cylinders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydrostatic_test" title="Hydrostatic test">Hydrostatic test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustained_load_cracking" title="Sustained load cracking">Sustained load cracking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_regulator" title="Diving regulator">Diving regulator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breathing_performance_of_regulators" title="Breathing performance of regulators">Breathing performance of regulators</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">Occupational<br />safety and<br />health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Diving_Contractors_International" title="Association of Diving Contractors International">Association of Diving Contractors International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Marine_Contractors_Association" title="International Marine Contractors Association">International Marine Contractors Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_practice" title="Code of practice">Code of practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contingency_plan" title="Contingency plan">Contingency plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_regulations" title="Diving regulations">Diving regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_response_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency response plan">Emergency response plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_safety_officer" title="Diving safety officer">Diving safety officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_superintendent" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving superintendent">Diving superintendent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_supervisor" title="Diving supervisor">Diving supervisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_manual" title="Operations manual">Operations manual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_operating_procedure" title="Standard operating procedure">Standard operating procedure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Diving_medicine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Diving_medicine" title="Diving medicine">Diving medicine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diving_disorders" title="Diving disorders">Diving<br />disorders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_signs_and_symptoms_of_diving_disorders" title="List of signs and symptoms of diving disorders">List of signs and symptoms of diving disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cramp" title="Cramp">Cramp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_sickness" title="Motion sickness">Motion sickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfer%27s_ear" title="Surfer's ear">Surfer's ear</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pressure<br />related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternobaric_vertigo" title="Alternobaric vertigo">Alternobaric vertigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barostriction" class="mw-redirect" title="Barostriction">Barostriction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barotrauma" title="Barotrauma">Barotrauma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_embolism" title="Air embolism">Air embolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerosinusitis" title="Aerosinusitis">Aerosinusitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barodontalgia" title="Barodontalgia">Barodontalgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dental_barotrauma" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental barotrauma">Dental barotrauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_ear_barotrauma" title="Middle ear barotrauma">Middle ear barotrauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_barotrauma" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonary barotrauma">Pulmonary barotrauma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compression_arthralgia" title="Compression arthralgia">Compression arthralgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_illness" title="Decompression illness">Decompression illness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysbarism" title="Dysbarism">Dysbarism</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oxygen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freediving_blackout" title="Freediving blackout">Freediving blackout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperoxia" title="Hyperoxia">Hyperoxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoxia_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypoxia (medical)">Hypoxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_toxicity" title="Oxygen toxicity">Oxygen toxicity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inert gases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avascular_necrosis" title="Avascular necrosis">Avascular necrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_sickness" title="Decompression sickness">Decompression sickness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dysbaric_osteonecrosis" title="Dysbaric osteonecrosis">Dysbaric osteonecrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_ear_decompression_sickness" title="Inner ear decompression sickness">Inner ear decompression sickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isobaric_counterdiffusion" title="Isobaric counterdiffusion">Isobaric counterdiffusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taravana" title="Taravana">Taravana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-pressure_nervous_syndrome" title="High-pressure nervous syndrome">High-pressure nervous syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_narcosis" title="Hydrogen narcosis">Hydrogen narcosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_narcosis" title="Nitrogen narcosis">Nitrogen narcosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Carbon dioxide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypercapnia" title="Hypercapnia">Hypercapnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocapnia" title="Hypocapnia">Hypocapnia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breathing gas<br />contaminants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide_poisoning" title="Carbon monoxide poisoning">Carbon monoxide poisoning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immersion<br />related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asphyxia" title="Asphyxia">Asphyxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drowning" title="Drowning">Drowning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothermia" title="Hypothermia">Hypothermia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersion_diuresis" class="mw-redirect" title="Immersion diuresis">Immersion diuresis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instinctive_drowning_response" title="Instinctive drowning response">Instinctive drowning response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laryngospasm" title="Laryngospasm">Laryngospasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_water_aspiration_syndrome" title="Salt water aspiration syndrome">Salt water aspiration syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimming-induced_pulmonary_edema" title="Swimming-induced pulmonary edema">Swimming-induced pulmonary edema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treatment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demand_valve_oxygen_therapy" title="Demand valve oxygen therapy">Demand valve oxygen therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_aid" title="First aid">First aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbaric_medicine" title="Hyperbaric medicine">Hyperbaric medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbaric_treatment_schedules" title="Hyperbaric treatment schedules">Hyperbaric treatment schedules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-water_recompression" title="In-water recompression">In-water recompression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_therapy" title="Oxygen therapy">Oxygen therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_recompression" class="mw-redirect" title="Therapeutic recompression">Therapeutic recompression</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diving_Medical_Examiner" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving Medical Examiner">Diving Medical Examiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_Medical_Practitioner" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving Medical Practitioner">Diving Medical Practitioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_Medical_Technician" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving Medical Technician">Diving Medical Technician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbaric_nursing" title="Hyperbaric nursing">Hyperbaric nursing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Screening</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atrial_septal_defect" title="Atrial septal defect">Atrial septal defect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_drugs_on_fitness_to_dive" class="mw-redirect" title="Effects of drugs on fitness to dive">Effects of drugs on fitness to dive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitness_to_dive" title="Fitness to dive">Fitness to dive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_fitness_to_dive" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological fitness to dive">Psychological fitness to dive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_researchers_in_diving_physiology_and_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of researchers in diving physiology and medicine">Researchers in<br />diving physiology<br />and medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_J._Bachrach" title="Arthur J. Bachrach">Arthur J. Bachrach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_R._Behnke" title="Albert R. Behnke">Albert R. Behnke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_B._Bennett" title="Peter B. Bennett">Peter B. Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bert" title="Paul Bert">Paul Bert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Bond" title="George F. Bond">George F. Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Robert Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alf_O._Brubakk" title="Alf O. Brubakk">Alf O. Brubakk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_A._B%C3%BChlmann" title="Albert A. Bühlmann">Albert A. Bühlmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Clarke_(scientist)" title="John R. Clarke (scientist)">John R. Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guybon_Chesney_Castell_Damant" title="Guybon Chesney Castell Damant">Guybon Chesney Castell Damant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_William_Donald" title="Kenneth William Donald">Kenneth William Donald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paul_Fife" title="William Paul Fife">William Paul Fife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Scott_Haldane" title="John Scott Haldane">John Scott Haldane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_William_Hamilton_Jr." title="Robert William Hamilton Jr.">Robert William Hamilton Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Valence_Hempleman" title="Henry Valence Hempleman">Henry Valence Hempleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Erskine_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonard Erskine Hill">Leonard Erskine Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Andrew_Hills" title="Brian Andrew Hills">Brian Andrew Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Hoppe-Seyler" title="Felix Hoppe-Seyler">Felix Hoppe-Seyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_J._Lambertsen" title="Christian J. Lambertsen">Christian J. Lambertsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Mitchell" title="Simon Mitchell">Simon Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Momsen" title="Charles Momsen">Charles Momsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_W._Pollock" title="Neal W. Pollock">Neal W. Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawlins_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Rawlins (Royal Navy officer)">John Rawlins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wesley_Shilling" title="Charles Wesley Shilling">Charles Wesley Shilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_D._Thalmann" title="Edward D. Thalmann">Edward D. Thalmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Triger" title="Jacques Triger">Jacques Triger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diving medical<br />research<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_Medical_Association" title="Aerospace Medical Association">Aerospace Medical Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divers_Alert_Network" title="Divers Alert Network">Divers Alert Network</a> (DAN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_Diseases_Research_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving Diseases Research Centre">Diving Diseases Research Centre</a> (DDRC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_Medical_Advisory_Council" title="Diving Medical Advisory Council">Diving Medical Advisory Council</a> (DMAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Diving_Technology_Committee" title="European Diving Technology Committee">European Diving Technology Committee</a> (EDTC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Underwater_and_Baromedical_Society" title="European Underwater and Baromedical Society">European Underwater and Baromedical Society</a> (EUBS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Diving_and_Hyperbaric_Medical_Technology" title="National Board of Diving and Hyperbaric Medical Technology">National Board of Diving and Hyperbaric Medical Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Submarine_Medical_Research_Laboratory" title="Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory">Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy_School_of_Underwater_Medicine" title="Royal Australian Navy School of Underwater Medicine">Royal Australian Navy School of Underwater Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubicon_Foundation" title="Rubicon Foundation">Rubicon Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_Underwater_Medicine_Society" title="South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society">South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society</a> (SPUMS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Underwater_and_Hyperbaric_Medical_Association" title="Southern African Underwater and Hyperbaric Medical Association">Southern African Underwater and Hyperbaric Medical Association</a> (SAUHMA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undersea_and_Hyperbaric_Medical_Society" title="Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society">Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society</a> (UHMS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Experimental_Diving_Unit" title="United States Navy Experimental Diving Unit">United States Navy Experimental Diving Unit</a> (NEDU)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Law</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liability_in_recreational_diving" title="Civil liability in recreational diving">Civil liability in recreational diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_regulations" title="Diving regulations">Diving regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duty_of_care" title="Duty of care">Duty of care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legislation_regulating_underwater_diving" title="List of legislation regulating underwater diving">List of legislation regulating underwater diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investigation_of_diving_accidents" title="Investigation of diving accidents">Investigation of diving accidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Protection_of_the_Underwater_Cultural_Heritage" title="Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage">Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History_of_underwater_diving" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_underwater_diving" title="History of underwater diving">History of underwater diving</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_decompression_research_and_development" title="History of decompression research and development">History of decompression research and development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_dive_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="History of dive computers">History of dive computers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Diving_Museum" title="History of Diving Museum">History of Diving Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_scuba_diving" title="History of scuba diving">History of scuba diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_researchers_in_underwater_diving" title="List of researchers in underwater diving">List of researchers in underwater diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyons_Maritime_Museum" title="Lyons Maritime Museum">Lyons Maritime Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_in_the_Sea_Museum" title="Man in the Sea Museum">Man in the Sea Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_atmospheric_diving_suits" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of atmospheric diving suits">Timeline of atmospheric diving suits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_diving_technology" title="Timeline of diving technology">Timeline of diving technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearling_in_Western_Australia" title="Pearling in Western Australia">Pearling in Western Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Navy_decompression_models_and_tables" title="US Navy decompression models and tables">US Navy decompression models and tables</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archeological<br />sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS_Commodore" title="SS Commodore">SS <i>Commodore</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Monitor" title="USS Monitor">USS <i>Monitor</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_Revenge" title="Queen Anne's Revenge">Queen Anne's Revenge</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Whydah_Gally" title="Whydah Gally">Whydah Gally</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Underwater art<br />and artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Diver" title="The Diver">The Diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_deCaires_Taylor" title="Jason deCaires Taylor">Jason deCaires Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engineers<br />and inventors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_de_Ayanz_y_Beaumont" title="Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont">Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Beebe" title="William Beebe">William Beebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Beuchat" title="Georges Beuchat">Georges Beuchat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Alfonso_Borelli" title="Giovanni Alfonso Borelli">Giovanni Alfonso Borelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph-Martin_Cabirol" title="Joseph-Martin Cabirol">Joseph-Martin Cabirol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Clarke_(scientist)" title="John R. Clarke (scientist)">John R. Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cousteau" title="Jacques Cousteau">Jacques Cousteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Anthony_Deane" title="Charles Anthony Deane">Charles Anthony Deane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Deane_(inventor)" title="John Deane (inventor)">John Deane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Corlieu" title="Louis de Corlieu">Louis de Corlieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Denayrouze" title="Auguste Denayrouze">Auguste Denayrouze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Eldred" title="Ted Eldred">Ted Eldred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fleuss" title="Henry Fleuss">Henry Fleuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Gagnan" title="Émile Gagnan">Émile Gagnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Heinrich_Klingert" title="Karl Heinrich Klingert">Karl Heinrich Klingert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kreeft_(diver)" title="Peter Kreeft (diver)">Peter Kreeft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_J._Lambertsen" title="Christian J. Lambertsen">Christian J. Lambertsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Le_Prieur" title="Yves Le Prieur">Yves Le Prieur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lethbridge" title="John Lethbridge">John Lethbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_William_Moir" title="Ernest William Moir">Ernest William Moir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Salim_Peress" title="Joseph Salim Peress">Joseph Salim Peress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Piccard" title="Auguste Piccard">Auguste Piccard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Savoie" title="Joe Savoie">Joe Savoie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Franklyn_Searle" title="Willard Franklyn Searle">Willard Franklyn Searle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Smith_(inventor)" title="Gordon Smith (inventor)">Gordon Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Siebe" title="Augustus Siebe">Augustus Siebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Marie_Touboulic" title="Pierre-Marie Touboulic">Pierre-Marie Touboulic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Triger" title="Jacques Triger">Jacques Triger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical<br />equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aqua-Lung" title="Aqua-Lung">Aqua-Lung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RV_Calypso" title="RV Calypso">RV <i>Calypso</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SP-350_Denise" title="SP-350 Denise">SP-350 <i>Denise</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_torch" title="Magnesium torch">Magnesium torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikonos" title="Nikonos">Nikonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porpoise_(scuba_gear)" title="Porpoise (scuba gear)">Porpoise regulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_diving_dress" title="Standard diving dress">Standard diving dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub_Marine_Explorer" title="Sub Marine Explorer">Sub Marine Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_scuba" title="Vintage scuba">Vintage scuba</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Diverpropulsionvehicles" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diver_propulsion_vehicle" title="Diver propulsion vehicle">Diver<br />propulsion<br />vehicles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_SEAL_Delivery_System" title="Advanced SEAL Delivery System">Advanced SEAL Delivery System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmos_CE2F_series" title="Cosmos CE2F series">Cosmos CE2F series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_Combat_Submersible" title="Dry Combat Submersible">Dry Combat Submersible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_torpedo" title="Human torpedo">Human torpedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorised_Submersible_Canoe" title="Motorised Submersible Canoe">Motorised Submersible Canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necker_Nymph" title="Necker Nymph">Necker Nymph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-2_Mala-class_swimmer_delivery_vehicle" title="R-2 Mala-class swimmer delivery vehicle">R-2 Mala-class swimmer delivery vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEAL_Delivery_Vehicle" title="SEAL Delivery Vehicle">SEAL Delivery Vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shallow_Water_Combat_Submersible" title="Shallow Water Combat Submersible">Shallow Water Combat Submersible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siluro_San_Bartolomeo" title="Siluro San Bartolomeo">Siluro San Bartolomeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfreighter" title="Welfreighter">Welfreighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_Nellie" title="Wet Nellie">Wet Nellie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military and<br />covert operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Alexandria_(1941)" title="Raid on Alexandria (1941)">Raid on Alexandria (1941)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_Rainbow_Warrior" title="Sinking of the Rainbow Warrior">Sinking of the <i>Rainbow Warrior</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scientific projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_cageless_shark-diving_expedition" title="1992 cageless shark-diving expedition">1992 cageless shark-diving expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_31" title="Mission 31">Mission 31</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Hass_Award" title="Hans Hass Award">Hans Hass Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Scuba_Diving_Hall_of_Fame" title="International Scuba Diving Hall of Fame">International Scuba Diving Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Diving_Chamber_Dive_Lectures" title="London Diving Chamber Dive Lectures">London Diving Chamber Dive Lectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOGI_Awards" title="NOGI Awards">NOGI Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_Divers_Hall_of_Fame" title="Women Divers Hall of Fame">Women Divers Hall of Fame</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dive_boat" title="Dive boat">Dive boat</a> incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_MV_Conception" title="Sinking of MV Conception">Sinking of MV <i>Conception</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diver rescues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpazat_cave_rescue" title="Alpazat cave rescue">Alpazat cave rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tham_Luang_cave_rescue" title="Tham Luang cave rescue">Tham Luang cave rescue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early diving</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Day_(carpenter)" title="John Day (carpenter)">John Day (carpenter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Spalding" title="Charles Spalding">Charles Spalding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Watson" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebenezer Watson">Ebenezer Watson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Freediving" title="Freediving">Freediving</a> fatalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Keenan" title="Stephen Keenan">Stephen Keenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%AFc_Leferme" title="Loïc Leferme">Loïc Leferme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Mestre" title="Audrey Mestre">Audrey Mestre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mevoli" title="Nicholas Mevoli">Nicholas Mevoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Molchanova" title="Natalia Molchanova">Natalia Molchanova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Offshore_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Offshore diving">Offshore<br />diving</a> incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byford_Dolphin#Diving_bell_accident" title="Byford Dolphin"><i>Byford Dolphin</i> diving bell accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drill_Master_diving_accident" title="Drill Master diving accident"><i>Drill Master</i> diving accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Canopus_diving_accident" title="Star Canopus diving accident"><i>Star Canopus</i> diving accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stena_Seaspread_diving_accident" title="Stena Seaspread diving accident"><i>Stena Seaspread</i> diving accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_One_diving_accident" class="mw-redirect" title="Venture One diving accident"><i>Venture One</i> diving accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waage_Drill_II_diving_accident" title="Waage Drill II diving accident"><i>Waage Drill II</i> diving accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildrake_diving_accident" title="Wildrake diving accident"><i>Wildrake</i> diving accident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Professional_diving" title="Professional diving">Professional<br />diving</a> fatalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Baldwin_(diver)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Baldwin (diver)">Roger Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bennett_(diver)" title="John Bennett (diver)">John Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_F._Guiel_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Victor F. Guiel Jr.">Victor F. Guiel Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_P._Hammerberg" title="Francis P. Hammerberg">Francis P. Hammerberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_M._Hoffman" class="mw-redirect" title="Craig M. Hoffman">Craig M. Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Henry_Michael_Holmes" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Henry Michael Holmes">Peter Henry Michael Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Sea_Link_accident" title="Johnson Sea Link accident">Johnson Sea Link accident</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Clayton_Link" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Clayton Link">Edwin Clayton Link</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Anthony_Prangley" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerard Anthony Prangley">Gerard Anthony Prangley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Per_Skipnes" class="mw-redirect" title="Per Skipnes">Per Skipnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_John_Smyth" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert John Smyth">Robert John Smyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_D._Stover" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert D. Stover">Albert D. Stover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Walker" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard A. Walker">Richard A. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothar_Michael_Ward" class="mw-redirect" title="Lothar Michael Ward">Lothar Michael Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Wendler" title="Joachim Wendler">Joachim Wendler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Bradley_Westell" title="Death of Bradley Westell">Bradley Westell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_Zetterstr%C3%B6m" title="Arne Zetterström">Arne Zetterström</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving_fatalities" title="Scuba diving fatalities">Scuba diving<br />fatalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1973_Mount_Gambier_cave_diving_accident" title="1973 Mount Gambier cave diving accident">1973 Mount Gambier cave diving accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Armbruster" title="Ricardo Armbruster">Ricardo Armbruster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Bridge" title="Allan Bridge">Allan Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bright_(diver)" title="David Bright (diver)">David Bright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berry_L._Cannon" title="Berry L. Cannon">Berry L. Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Coulson" title="Cotton Coulson">Cotton Coulson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A1udio_Coutinho" title="Cláudio Coutinho">Cláudio Coutinho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Yale_Dawson" title="E. Yale Dawson">E. Yale Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deon_Dreyer" title="Deon Dreyer">Deon Dreyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Dufek" title="Milan Dufek">Milan Dufek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheck_Exley" title="Sheck Exley">Sheck Exley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Fargues" title="Maurice Fargues">Maurice Fargues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Garfella_Palmer" title="Fernando Garfella Palmer">Fernando Garfella Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Garman" title="Guy Garman">Guy Garman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Irwin" title="Steve Irwin">Steve Irwin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Steve_Irwin" title="Death of Steve Irwin">death</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jones_(American_football,_born_1935)" title="Jim Jones (American football, born 1935)">Jim Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Henry Way Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artur_Koz%C5%82owski_(speleologist)" title="Artur Kozłowski (speleologist)">Artur Kozłowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Lipski" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuri Lipski">Yuri Lipski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirsty_MacColl" title="Kirsty MacColl">Kirsty MacColl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Linnea_Mills" title="Death of Linnea Mills">Linnea Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Milowka" title="Agnes Milowka">Agnes Milowka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Roubaix" title="François de Roubaix">François de Roubaix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Dive" title="The Last Dive">Chris and Chrissy Rouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Shaw" title="Dave Shaw">Dave Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_C._Skiles" title="Wesley C. Skiles">Wesley C. Skiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewey_Smith" title="Dewey Smith">Dewey Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Stewart_(filmmaker)" title="Rob Stewart (filmmaker)">Rob Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esbj%C3%B6rn_Svensson" title="Esbjörn Svensson">Esbjörn Svensson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Velek" title="Josef Velek">Josef Velek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Publications" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Publications</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/NOAA_Diving_Manual" title="NOAA Diving Manual">NOAA Diving Manual</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy_Diving_Manual" title="U.S. Navy Diving Manual">U.S. Navy Diving Manual</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Basic_Cave_Diving:_A_Blueprint_for_Survival" title="Basic Cave Diving: A Blueprint for Survival">Basic Cave Diving: A Blueprint for Survival</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underwater_Handbook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Underwater Handbook (page does not exist)">Underwater Handbook</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bennett_and_Elliott%27s_physiology_and_medicine_of_diving&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bennett and Elliott's physiology and medicine of diving (page does not exist)">Bennett and Elliott's physiology and medicine of diving</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedia_of_Recreational_Diving&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopedia of Recreational Diving (page does not exist)">Encyclopedia of Recreational Diving</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_new_science_of_skin_and_scuba_diving&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The new science of skin and scuba diving (page does not exist)">The new science of skin and scuba diving</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Professional_Diver%27s_Handbook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Professional Diver's Handbook (page does not exist)">Professional Diver's Handbook</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basic_Scuba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basic Scuba (page does not exist)">Basic Scuba</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards and<br />Codes of Practice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Practice_for_Scientific_Diving_(UNESCO)" class="mw-redirect" title="Code of Practice for Scientific Diving (UNESCO)">Code of Practice for Scientific Diving (UNESCO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_7876" title="DIN 7876">DIN 7876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMCA_Code_of_Practice_for_Offshore_Diving" class="mw-redirect" title="IMCA Code of Practice for Offshore Diving">IMCA Code of Practice for Offshore Diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_24801_Recreational_diving_services_%E2%80%94_Requirements_for_the_training_of_recreational_scuba_divers" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 24801 Recreational diving services — Requirements for the training of recreational scuba divers">ISO 24801 Recreational diving services — Requirements for the training of recreational scuba divers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General non-fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Darkness_Beckons" title="The Darkness Beckons">The Darkness Beckons</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goldfinder" title="Goldfinder">Goldfinder</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Dive" title="The Last Dive">The Last Dive</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Divers" title="Shadow Divers">Shadow Divers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Silent_World:_A_Story_of_Undersea_Discovery_and_Adventure" title="The Silent World: A Story of Undersea Discovery and Adventure">The Silent World: A Story of Undersea Discovery and Adventure</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Divers_Alert_Network_publications" title="List of Divers Alert Network publications">List of Divers Alert Network publications</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dive_guide_(publication)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dive guide (publication)">Dive guides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Training_and_registration" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Training and registration</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diver_training" title="Diver training">Diver<br />training</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Competence and assessment <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Competency-based_learning" title="Competency-based learning">Competency-based learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refresher_training_(diving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Refresher training (diving)">Refresher training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skill_assessment" title="Skill assessment">Skill assessment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver_training_standard" title="Diver training standard">Diver training standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_instructor" title="Diving instructor">Diving instructor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving school">Diving school</a></li> <li>Occupational diver training <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_diver_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial diver training">Commercial diver training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_diver_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Military diver training">Military diver training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_safety_diver_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Public safety diver training">Public safety diver training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_diver_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific diver training">Scientific diver training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_diver_training" title="Recreational diver training">Recreational diver training</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Introductory_diving" title="Introductory diving">Introductory diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_recreational_diving_training_standards" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO recreational diving training standards">ISO training standards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teaching_method" title="Teaching method">Teaching method</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muscle_memory" title="Muscle memory">Muscle memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overlearning" title="Overlearning">Overlearning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stress_exposure_training" title="Stress exposure training">Stress exposure training</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Skills" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Skills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combat_sidestroke" title="Combat sidestroke">Combat sidestroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver_navigation" title="Diver navigation">Diver navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diver_trim" title="Diver trim">Diver trim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear_clearing" title="Ear clearing">Ear clearing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frenzel_maneuver" title="Frenzel maneuver">Frenzel maneuver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valsalva_maneuver" title="Valsalva maneuver">Valsalva maneuver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finning_techniques" title="Finning techniques">Finning techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_skills" title="Scuba skills">Scuba skills</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_breathing" title="Buddy breathing">Buddy breathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_impact_diving" title="Low impact diving">Low impact diving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Reef_System" title="Diamond Reef System">Diamond Reef System</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface-supplied_diving_skills" title="Surface-supplied diving skills">Surface-supplied diving skills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_searches" title="Underwater searches">Underwater searches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recreational_scuba_certification_levels" title="Recreational scuba certification levels">Recreational<br />scuba<br />certification<br />levels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Core diving skills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Open_Water_Diver" title="Advanced Open Water Diver">Advanced Open Water Diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_diver" title="Autonomous diver">Autonomous diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMAS*_scuba_diver" title="CMAS* scuba diver">CMAS* scuba diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMAS**_scuba_diver" title="CMAS** scuba diver">CMAS** scuba diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introductory_diving" title="Introductory diving">Introductory diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Impact_Diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Impact Diver">Low Impact Diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Scuba_Diver" title="Master Scuba Diver">Master Scuba Diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Water_Diver" title="Open Water Diver">Open Water Diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervised_diver" title="Supervised diver">Supervised diver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leadership skills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dive_leader" title="Dive leader">Dive leader</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divemaster" title="Divemaster">Divemaster</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_instructor" title="Diving instructor">Diving instructor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Master_Instructor" class="mw-redirect" title="Master Instructor">Master Instructor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialist skills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rescue_Diver" title="Rescue Diver">Rescue Diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Solo diver">Solo diver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diver_training_organization" title="Diver training organization">Diver training<br />certification<br />and registration<br />organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Underwater_Federation" title="European Underwater Federation">European Underwater Federation</a> (EUF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Diving_Regulators_and_Certifiers_Forum" title="International Diving Regulators and Certifiers Forum">International Diving Regulators and Certifiers Forum</a> (IDRCF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Diving_Schools_Association" title="International Diving Schools Association">International Diving Schools Association</a> (IDSA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Marine_Contractors_Association" title="International Marine Contractors Association">International Marine Contractors Association</a> (IMCA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diver_certification_organizations" title="List of diver certification organizations">List of diver certification organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> (NOAA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_Archaeology_Society" title="Nautical Archaeology Society">Nautical Archaeology Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_diver_course_referral" title="Recreational diver course referral">Recreational diver course referral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Recreational_Scuba_Training_Council" title="World Recreational Scuba Training Council">World Recreational Scuba Training Council</a> (WRSTC)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commercial diver<br />certification<br />authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Diver_Accreditation_Scheme" title="Australian Diver Accreditation Scheme">Australian Diver Accreditation Scheme</a> (ADAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_diver_registration_in_South_Africa" title="Commercial diver registration in South Africa">Commercial diver registration in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divers_Institute_of_Technology" title="Divers Institute of Technology">Divers Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_and_Safety_Executive" title="Health and Safety Executive">Health and Safety Executive</a> (HSE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Employment_and_Labour" title="Department of Employment and Labour">Department of Employment and Labour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commercial diving<br />schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divers_Academy_International" title="Divers Academy International">Divers Academy International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Norway_University_of_Applied_Sciences#Norwegian_diver_school" title="Western Norway University of Applied Sciences">Norwegian diver school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Free-diving<br />certification<br />agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIDA_International" title="AIDA International">AIDA International</a> (AIDA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Mondiale_des_Activit%C3%A9s_Subaquatiques" title="Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques">Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques</a> (CMAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_Freediving_International" title="Performance Freediving International">Performance Freediving International</a> (PI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_Schools_International" title="Scuba Schools International">Scuba Schools International</a> (SSI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recreational<br />scuba<br />certification<br />agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Canadian_Underwater_Certifications" title="American Canadian Underwater Certifications">American Canadian Underwater Certifications</a> (ACUC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Nitrox_Divers_International" title="American Nitrox Divers International">American Nitrox Divers International</a> (ANDI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_nationale_des_moniteurs_de_plong%C3%A9e" title="Association nationale des moniteurs de plongée">Association nationale des moniteurs de plongée</a> (ANMP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Sub-Aqua_Club" title="British Sub-Aqua Club">British Sub-Aqua Club</a> (BSAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comhairle_Fo-Thuinn" title="Comhairle Fo-Thuinn">Comhairle Fo-Thuinn</a> (CFT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Mondiale_des_Activit%C3%A9s_Subaquatiques" title="Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques">Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques</a> (CMAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federaci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_Actividades_Subacu%C3%A1ticas" title="Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas">Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas</a> (FEDAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Fran%C3%A7aise_d%27%C3%89tudes_et_de_Sports_Sous-Marins" title="Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins">Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins</a> (FFESSM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federazione_Italiana_Attivit%C3%A0_Subacquee" title="Federazione Italiana Attività Subacquee">Federazione Italiana Attività Subacquee</a> (FIAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Underwater_Explorers" title="Global Underwater Explorers">Global Underwater Explorers</a> (GUE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_for_Handicapped_Divers" title="International Association for Handicapped Divers">International Association for Handicapped Divers</a> (IAHD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Nitrox_and_Technical_Divers" title="International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers">International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers</a> (IANTD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Life_Saving_Federation" title="International Life Saving Federation">International Life Saving Federation</a> (ILS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Diving_Federation" title="Israeli Diving Federation">Israeli Diving Federation</a> (TIDF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Scuba_Educators" title="National Academy of Scuba Educators">National Academy of Scuba Educators</a> (NASE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Underwater_Instructors" title="National Association of Underwater Instructors">National Association of Underwater Instructors</a> (NAUI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Onderwatersport_Bond" title="Nederlandse Onderwatersport Bond">Nederlandse Onderwatersport Bond</a> (NOB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Association_of_Diving_Instructors" title="Professional Association of Diving Instructors">Professional Association of Diving Instructors</a> (PADI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Diving_Instructors_Corporation" title="Professional Diving Instructors Corporation">Professional Diving Instructors Corporation</a> (PDIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Technical_and_Recreational_Diving" title="Professional Technical and Recreational Diving">Professional Technical and Recreational Diving</a> (ProTec)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebreather_Association_of_International_Divers" title="Rebreather Association of International Divers">Rebreather Association of International Divers</a> (RAID)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Aqua_Association" title="Sub-Aqua Association">Sub-Aqua Association</a> (SAA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_Diving_International" title="Scuba Diving International">Scuba Diving International</a> (SDI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_Educators_International" title="Scuba Educators International">Scuba Educators International</a> (SEI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Sub_Aqua_Club" title="Scottish Sub Aqua Club">Scottish Sub Aqua Club</a> (ScotSAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_Schools_International" title="Scuba Schools International">Scuba Schools International</a> (SSI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Underwater_Sports_Federation" title="Turkish Underwater Sports Federation">Türkiye Sualtı Sporları Federasyonu</a> (TSSF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Diving_Instructors" title="United Diving Instructors">United Diving Instructors</a> (UDI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/YMCA_SCUBA_Program" title="YMCA SCUBA Program">YMCA SCUBA Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scientific diver<br />certification<br />authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Underwater_Sciences" title="American Academy of Underwater Sciences">American Academy of Underwater Sciences</a> (AAUS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Mondiale_des_Activit%C3%A9s_Subaquatiques#Scientific_committee" title="Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques">CMAS Scientific Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical diver<br />certification<br />agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Nitrox_Divers_International" title="American Nitrox Divers International">American Nitrox Divers International</a> (ANDI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Sub-Aqua_Club" title="British Sub-Aqua Club">British Sub-Aqua Club</a> (BSAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Mondiale_des_Activit%C3%A9s_Subaquatiques" title="Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques">Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques</a> (CMAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_Science_and_Technology" title="Diving Science and Technology">Diving Science and Technology</a> (DSAT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federazione_Italiana_Attivit%C3%A0_Subacquee" title="Federazione Italiana Attività Subacquee">Federazione Italiana Attività Subacquee</a> (FIAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Nitrox_and_Technical_Divers" title="International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers">International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers</a> (IANTD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Association_of_Diving_Instructors" title="Professional Association of Diving Instructors">Professional Association of Diving Instructors</a> (PADI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Diving_Instructors_Corporation" title="Professional Diving Instructors Corporation">Professional Diving Instructors Corporation</a> (PDIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Technical_and_Recreational_Diving" title="Professional Technical and Recreational Diving">Professional Technical and Recreational Diving</a> (ProTec)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebreather_Association_of_International_Divers" title="Rebreather Association of International Divers">Rebreather Association of International Divers</a> (RAID)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimix_Scuba_Association" title="Trimix Scuba Association">Trimix Scuba Association</a> (TSA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_Schools_International" title="Scuba Schools International">Technical Extended Range</a> (TXR)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cavediving" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cave<br />diving</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_Divers_Association_of_Australia" title="Cave Divers Association of Australia">Cave Divers Association of Australia</a> (CDAA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_Diving_Group" title="Cave Diving Group">Cave Diving Group</a> (CDG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Underwater_Explorers" title="Global Underwater Explorers">Global Underwater Explorers</a> (GUE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Speleological_Society#Cave_Diving_Group" title="National Speleological Society">National Speleological Society#Cave Diving Group</a> (CDG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Underwater_Instructors" title="National Association of Underwater Instructors">National Association of Underwater Instructors</a> (NAUI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_Diving_International" title="Technical Diving International">Technical Diving International</a> (TDI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military diver<br />training centres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Diving_School" title="Defence Diving School">Defence Diving School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Support_Activity_Panama_City#Tenant_commands" title="Naval Support Activity Panama City">Navy Diving Salvage and Training Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_Escape_Training_Unit" title="Underwater Escape Training Unit">Underwater Escape Training Unit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military diver<br />training courses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Combatant_Diver_Course" title="United States Marine Corps Combatant Diver Course">United States Marine Corps Combatant Diver Course</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Underwater_sports" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Underwater_sports" title="Underwater sports">Underwater sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surface snorkeling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finswimming" title="Finswimming">Finswimming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Snorkeling/breath-hold</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spearfishing" title="Spearfishing">Spearfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_football" title="Underwater football">Underwater football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_hockey" title="Underwater hockey">Underwater hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_hockey_in_Australia" title="Underwater hockey in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_hockey_in_Turkey" title="Underwater hockey in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_rugby" title="Underwater rugby">Underwater rugby</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_rugby_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Underwater rugby in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_rugby_in_the_United_States" title="Underwater rugby in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_target_shooting" title="Underwater target shooting">Underwater target shooting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breath-hold</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquathlon_(underwater_wrestling)" title="Aquathlon (underwater wrestling)">Aquathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apnoea_finswimming" class="mw-redirect" title="Apnoea finswimming">Apnoea finswimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freediving" title="Freediving">Freediving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Open Circuit Scuba</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immersion_finswimming" class="mw-redirect" title="Immersion finswimming">Immersion finswimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_diving_(sport)" title="Sport diving (sport)">Sport diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_cycling" title="Underwater cycling">Underwater cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_orienteering" title="Underwater orienteering">Underwater orienteering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_photography_(sport)" title="Underwater photography (sport)">Underwater photography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rebreather</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_photography_(sport)" title="Underwater photography (sport)">Underwater photography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports governing<br />organisations<br /> and federations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>International <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIDA_International" title="AIDA International">AIDA International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Mondiale_des_Activit%C3%A9s_Subaquatiques" title="Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques">Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>National <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIDA_Hellas" title="AIDA Hellas">AIDA Hellas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Underwater_Federation" title="Australian Underwater Federation">Australian Underwater Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Freediving_Association" title="British Freediving Association">British Freediving Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Octopush_Association" title="British Octopush Association">British Octopush Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Underwater_Sports_Association" title="British Underwater Sports Association">British Underwater Sports Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comhairle_Fo-Thuinn" title="Comhairle Fo-Thuinn">Comhairle Fo-Thuinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federaci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_Actividades_Subacu%C3%A1ticas" title="Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas">Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_federation_of_underwater_studies_and_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="French federation of underwater studies and sports">Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Underwater_Sports_Federation" title="South African Underwater Sports Federation">South African Underwater Sports Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Underwater_Sports_Federation" title="Turkish Underwater Sports Federation">Türkiye Sualtı Sporları Federasyonu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_Society_of_America" title="Underwater Society of America">Underwater Society of America</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14th_CMAS_Underwater_Photography_World_Championship" title="14th CMAS Underwater Photography World Championship">14th CMAS Underwater Photography World Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_Hockey_World_Championships" title="Underwater Hockey World Championships">Underwater Hockey World Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_Orienteering_World_Championships" title="Underwater Orienteering World Championships">Underwater Orienteering World Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_Rugby_World_Championships" title="Underwater Rugby World Championships">Underwater Rugby World Championships</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Underwater_divers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_underwater_divers" title="Outline of underwater divers">Underwater divers</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pioneers<br />of diving</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Admetlla_i_L%C3%A1zaro" title="Eduard Admetlla i Lázaro">Eduard Admetlla i Lázaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquanaut" title="Aquanaut">Aquanaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Bonnin" title="Mary Bonnin">Mary Bonnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Behrens-Furniss" title="Amelia Behrens-Furniss">Amelia Behrens-Furniss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Cahill" title="James F. Cahill">James F. Cahill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cousteau" title="Jacques Cousteau">Jacques Cousteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Deans_(diver)" title="Billy Deans (diver)">Billy Deans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dottie_Frazier" title="Dottie Frazier">Dottie Frazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Hampton" title="Trevor Hampton">Trevor Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Hass" title="Hans Hass">Hans Hass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Rutkowski" title="Dick Rutkowski">Dick Rutkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teseo_Tesei" title="Teseo Tesei">Teseo Tesei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_Zetterstr%C3%B6m" title="Arne Zetterström">Arne Zetterström</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Underwater<br />scientists<br />archaeologists and<br />environmentalists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Arbuthnot" title="Michael Arbuthnot">Michael Arbuthnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ballard" title="Robert Ballard">Robert Ballard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bass_(archaeologist)" title="George Bass (archaeologist)">George Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mensun_Bound" title="Mensun Bound">Mensun Bound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Boutan" title="Louis Boutan">Louis Boutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Bozanic" title="Jeffrey Bozanic">Jeffrey Bozanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Bradner" title="Hugh Bradner">Hugh Bradner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Church" title="Cathy Church">Cathy Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenie_Clark" title="Eugenie Clark">Eugenie Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Delgado" title="James P. Delgado">James P. Delgado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Earle" title="Sylvia Earle">Sylvia Earle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Christopher_Fine" title="John Christopher Fine">John Christopher Fine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_R._Fischer" title="George R. Fischer">George R. Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Franz%C3%A9n" title="Anders Franzén">Anders Franzén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_Frost" title="Honor Frost">Honor Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Garfella_Palmer" title="Fernando Garfella Palmer">Fernando Garfella Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gibbins" title="David Gibbins">David Gibbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Jessop" title="Graham Jessop">Graham Jessop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swietenia_Puspa_Lestari" title="Swietenia Puspa Lestari">Swietenia Puspa Lestari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilar_Luna" title="Pilar Luna">Pilar Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Marx" title="Robert F. Marx">Robert F. Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Marguerite_McCann" title="Anna Marguerite McCann">Anna Marguerite McCann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innes_McCartney" title="Innes McCartney">Innes McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_T._Meide" title="Charles T. Meide">Charles T. Meide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_M._Newell" title="Mark M. Newell">Mark M. Newell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyuba_Ognenova-Marinova" title="Lyuba Ognenova-Marinova">Lyuba Ognenova-Marinova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Peter_Oleson" title="John Peter Oleson">John Peter Oleson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendel_L._Peterson" title="Mendel L. Peterson">Mendel L. Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Pyle" title="Richard Pyle">Richard Pyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Rechnitzer" title="Andreas Rechnitzer">Andreas Rechnitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Royal" title="William R. Royal">William R. Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Rule" title="Margaret Rule">Margaret Rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunter_Sch%C3%B6bel" title="Gunter Schöbel">Gunter Schöbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Schwabe" title="Stephanie Schwabe">Stephanie Schwabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myriam_Seco" title="Myriam Seco">Myriam Seco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Lee_Spence" title="E. Lee Spence">E. Lee Spence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_St%C3%A9nuit" title="Robert Sténuit">Robert Sténuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Throckmorton" title="Peter Throckmorton">Peter Throckmorton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristina_Zenato" title="Cristina Zenato">Cristina Zenato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scuba record<br />holders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Bernab%C3%A9" title="Pascal Bernabé">Pascal Bernabé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bowden_(diver)" title="Jim Bowden (diver)">Jim Bowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Ellyatt" title="Mark Ellyatt">Mark Ellyatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheck_Exley" title="Sheck Exley">Sheck Exley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuno_Gomes_(diver)" title="Nuno Gomes (diver)">Nuno Gomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Serpieri" title="Claudia Serpieri">Claudia Serpieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Starnawski" title="Krzysztof Starnawski">Krzysztof Starnawski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Underwater<br />filmmakers<br />and presenters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samir_Alhafith" title="Samir Alhafith">Samir Alhafith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Bravo" title="Ramón Bravo">Ramón Bravo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Cousteau" title="Jean-Michel Cousteau">Jean-Michel Cousteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richie_Kohler" title="Richie Kohler">Richie Kohler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Rose_(TV_presenter)" title="Paul Rose (TV presenter)">Paul Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Torbet" title="Andy Torbet">Andy Torbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Tors" title="Ivan Tors">Ivan Tors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wight" title="Andrew Wight">Andrew Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Underwater<br />photographers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Allan" title="Doug Allan">Doug Allan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamara_Benitez" title="Tamara Benitez">Tamara Benitez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Beuchat" title="Georges Beuchat">Georges Beuchat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Biddle" title="Adrian Biddle">Adrian Biddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bird" title="Jonathan Bird">Jonathan Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Cheng" title="Eric Cheng">Eric Cheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Coleman" title="Neville Coleman">Neville Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cousteau" title="Jacques Cousteau">Jacques Cousteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Craig" title="John D. Craig">John D. Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Cropp" title="Ben Cropp">Ben Cropp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Delemotte" title="Bernard Delemotte">Bernard Delemotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Doubilet" title="David Doubilet">David Doubilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candice_Farmer" title="Candice Farmer">Candice Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Christopher_Fine" title="John Christopher Fine">John Christopher Fine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Fox" title="Rodney Fox">Rodney Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ric_Frazier" title="Ric Frazier">Ric Frazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Frink" title="Stephen Frink">Stephen Frink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gimbel" title="Peter Gimbel">Peter Gimbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monty_Halls" title="Monty Halls">Monty Halls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Hass" title="Hans Hass">Hans Hass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Henry Way Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudie_Kuiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudie Kuiter">Rudie Kuiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._MacInnis" title="Joseph B. MacInnis">Joseph B. MacInnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Marden" title="Luis Marden">Luis Marden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Milowka" title="Agnes Milowka">Agnes Milowka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Monkman" title="Noel Monkman">Noel Monkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Oxford" title="Pete Oxford">Pete Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Parish" title="Steve Parish">Steve Parish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zale_Parry" title="Zale Parry">Zale Parry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Petit_(photographer)" title="Pierre Petit (photographer)">Pierre Petit</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leni Riefenstahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Scoones" title="Peter Scoones">Peter Scoones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Skerry" title="Brian Skerry">Brian Skerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_C._Skiles" title="Wesley C. Skiles">Wesley C. Skiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Lee_Spence" title="E. Lee Spence">E. Lee Spence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Tailliez" title="Philippe Tailliez">Philippe Tailliez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Taylor_(diver)" title="Ron Taylor (diver)">Ron Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Taylor_(diver)" title="Valerie Taylor (diver)">Valerie Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Tillman" title="Albert Tillman">Albert Tillman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Veltri" title="John Veltri">John Veltri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Waterman" title="Stan Waterman">Stan Waterman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Westmorland" title="Michele Westmorland">Michele Westmorland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ernest_Williamson" title="John Ernest Williamson">John Ernest Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Lamar_Worzel" title="J. Lamar Worzel">J. Lamar Worzel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Underwater<br />explorers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Caves <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Balcombe" title="Graham Balcombe">Graham Balcombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheck_Exley" title="Sheck Exley">Sheck Exley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyn_Farr" title="Martyn Farr">Martyn Farr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jochen_Hasenmayer" title="Jochen Hasenmayer">Jochen Hasenmayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Heinerth" title="Jill Heinerth">Jill Heinerth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarrod_Jablonski" title="Jarrod Jablonski">Jarrod Jablonski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hogarth_Main" title="William Hogarth Main">William Hogarth Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Mount" title="Tom Mount">Tom Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Sheppard_(cave_diver)" title="Jack Sheppard (cave diver)">Jack Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stone_(caver)" title="William Stone (caver)">Bill Stone</a></li></ul></li> <li>Reefs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a></li></ul></li> <li>Wrecks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leigh_Bishop" title="Leigh Bishop">Leigh Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chatterton" title="John Chatterton">John Chatterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Cussler" title="Clive Cussler">Clive Cussler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Nagle" title="Bill Nagle">Bill Nagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_van_Heest" title="Valerie van Heest">Valerie van Heest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelis_Zervoudis" title="Aristotelis Zervoudis">Aristotelis Zervoudis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aquanaut" title="Aquanaut">Aquanauts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Abercromby" title="Andrew Abercromby">Andrew Abercromby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Acaba" title="Joseph M. Acaba">Joseph M. Acaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_Anderson" title="Clayton Anderson">Clayton Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Arnold" title="Richard R. Arnold">Richard R. Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Au%C3%B1%C3%B3n-Chancellor" title="Serena Auñón-Chancellor">Serena Auñón-Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Barratt_(astronaut)" title="Michael Barratt (astronaut)">Michael Barratt (astronaut)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Barth" title="Robert A. Barth">Robert A. Barth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Behnken" title="Bob Behnken">Robert L. Behnken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph_Bresnik" title="Randolph Bresnik">Randolph Bresnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_J._Broderick" title="Timothy J. Broderick">Timothy J. Broderick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Brown_(aquanaut)" title="Justin Brown (aquanaut)">Justin Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berry_L._Cannon" title="Berry L. Cannon">Berry L. Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Carpenter" title="Scott Carpenter">Scott Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Chamitoff" title="Gregory Chamitoff">Gregory Chamitoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Chappell" title="Steve Chappell">Steve Chappell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Coleman" title="Catherine Coleman">Catherine Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Cook_(American_novelist)" title="Robin Cook (American novelist)">Robin Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_B._Cooper" title="Craig B. Cooper">Craig B. Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabien_Cousteau" title="Fabien Cousteau">Fabien Cousteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Cousteau" title="Philippe Cousteau">Philippe Cousteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Creamer" title="Timothy Creamer">Timothy Creamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Dory" title="Jonathan Dory">Jonathan Dory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Duque" title="Pedro Duque">Pedro Duque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Earle" title="Sylvia Earle">Sylvia Earle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanette_Epps" title="Jeanette Epps">Jeanette Epps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheck_Exley" title="Sheck Exley">Sheck Exley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Falco" title="Albert Falco">Albert Falco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_J._Feustel" title="Andrew J. Feustel">Andrew J. Feustel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fincke" title="Michael Fincke">Michael Fincke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satoshi_Furukawa" title="Satoshi Furukawa">Satoshi Furukawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_J._Garan_Jr." title="Ronald J. Garan Jr.">Ronald J. Garan Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_L._Gernhardt" title="Michael L. Gernhardt">Michael L. Gernhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_E._Gerty" title="Christopher E. Gerty">Christopher E. Gerty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gruber" title="David Gruber">David Gruber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hadfield" title="Chris Hadfield">Chris Hadfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hansen" title="Jeremy Hansen">Jeremy Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_M._Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="José M. Hernández">José M. Hernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Herrington" title="John Herrington">John Herrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hill_(flight_director)" title="Paul Hill (flight director)">Paul Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akihiko_Hoshide" title="Akihiko Hoshide">Akihiko Hoshide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hulsbeck" title="Mark Hulsbeck">Mark Hulsbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Hwang" title="Emma Hwang">Emma Hwang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norishige_Kanai" title="Norishige Kanai">Norishige Kanai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Kaufman" title="Les Kaufman">Les Kaufman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Kelly_(astronaut)" title="Scott Kelly (astronaut)">Scott Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Kohanowich" title="Karen Kohanowich">Karen Kohanowich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Kopra" title="Timothy Kopra">Timothy Kopra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Landucci" title="Dominic Landucci">Dominic Landucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Lindbergh" title="Jon Lindbergh">Jon Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kjell_N._Lindgren" title="Kjell N. Lindgren">Kjell N. Lindgren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_L%C3%B3pez-Alegr%C3%ADa" title="Michael López-Alegría">Michael López-Alegría</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._MacInnis" title="Joseph B. MacInnis">Joseph B. MacInnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Magnus" title="Sandra Magnus">Sandra Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Marshburn" title="Thomas Marshburn">Thomas Marshburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Maurer" title="Matthias Maurer">Matthias Maurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Megan_McArthur" title="K. Megan McArthur">K. Megan McArthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_McKinley_(physician)" title="Craig McKinley (physician)">Craig McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Meir" title="Jessica Meir">Jessica Meir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Melchior" title="Simone Melchior">Simone Melchior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Metcalf-Lindenburger" title="Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger">Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Mogensen" title="Andreas Mogensen">Andreas Mogensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Nyberg" title="Karen Nyberg">Karen Nyberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Olivas" title="John D. Olivas">John D. Olivas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takuya_Onishi" title="Takuya Onishi">Takuya Onishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Parmitano" title="Luca Parmitano">Luca Parmitano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Patrick" title="Nicholas Patrick">Nicholas Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Peake" title="Tim Peake">Tim Peake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pesquet" title="Thomas Pesquet">Thomas Pesquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Reagan" title="Marc Reagan">Marc Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrett_Reisman" title="Garrett Reisman">Garrett Reisman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Rubins" title="Kathleen Rubins">Kathleen Rubins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Rutkowski" title="Dick Rutkowski">Dick Rutkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_Ruttley" title="Tara Ruttley">Tara Ruttley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Saint-Jacques" title="David Saint-Jacques">David Saint-Jacques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Schmid_(flight_surgeon)" title="Josef Schmid (flight surgeon)">Josef Schmid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sheats" title="Robert Sheats">Robert Sheats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewey_Smith" title="Dewey Smith">Dewey Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Squyres" title="Steve Squyres">Steve Squyres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidemarie_Stefanyshyn-Piper" title="Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper">Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_St%C3%A9nuit" title="Robert Sténuit">Robert Sténuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Stevenin" title="Hervé Stevenin">Hervé Stevenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Stott" title="Nicole Stott">Nicole Stott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Talacek" title="James Talacek">James Talacek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_M._Tani" title="Daniel M. Tani">Daniel M. Tani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Thirsk" title="Robert Thirsk">Robert Thirsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Todd" title="Bill Todd">Bill Todd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_T._Vande_Hei" title="Mark T. Vande Hei">Mark T. Vande Hei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koichi_Wakata" title="Koichi Wakata">Koichi Wakata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_J._Walheim" title="Rex J. Walheim">Rex J. Walheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Walker" title="Shannon Walker">Shannon Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morgan_Wells" title="John Morgan Wells">John Morgan Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Wendler" title="Joachim Wendler">Joachim Wendler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_H._Wheelock" title="Douglas H. Wheelock">Douglas H. Wheelock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Whitson" title="Peggy Whitson">Peggy Whitson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dafydd_Williams" title="Dafydd Williams">Dafydd Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Williams_(astronaut)" title="Jeffrey Williams (astronaut)">Jeffrey Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunita_Williams" title="Sunita Williams">Sunita Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reid_Wiseman" title="Reid Wiseman">Reid Wiseman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimiya_Yui" title="Kimiya Yui">Kimiya Yui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writers and journalists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Barnette" title="Michael C. Barnette">Michael C. Barnette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Berge" title="Victor Berge">Victor Berge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Diol%C3%A9" title="Philippe Diolé">Philippe Diolé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Gentile" title="Gary Gentile">Gary Gentile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bret_Gilliam" title="Bret Gilliam">Bret Gilliam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Halstead" title="Bob Halstead">Bob Halstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Hauser" title="Hillary Hauser">Hillary Hauser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Jackson_(diver)" title="Trevor Jackson (diver)">Trevor Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Lewis_(diver)" title="Steve Lewis (diver)">Steve Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mattera" title="John Mattera">John Mattera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rescuers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Challen" title="Craig Challen">Craig Challen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Harris_(anaesthetist)" title="Richard Harris (anaesthetist)">Richard Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Stanton" title="Rick Stanton">Rick Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Volanthen" title="John Volanthen">John Volanthen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frogmen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Crabb" title="Lionel Crabb">Lionel Crabb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Edward_Fraser" title="Ian Edward Fraser">Ian Edward Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Knowles" title="Sydney Knowles">Sydney Knowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Joseph_Magennis" title="James Joseph Magennis">James Joseph Magennis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commercial salvors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Jessop" title="Keith Jessop">Keith Jessop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Science_of_underwater_diving" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Science_of_underwater_diving" title="Science of underwater diving">Science of underwater diving</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_researchers_in_underwater_diving" title="List of researchers in underwater diving">List of researchers in underwater diving</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diving_physics" title="Diving physics">Diving<br />physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metre_sea_water" title="Metre sea water">Metre sea water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_buoyancy" title="Neutral buoyancy">Neutral buoyancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_acoustics" title="Underwater acoustics">Underwater acoustics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modulated_ultrasound" title="Modulated ultrasound">Modulated ultrasound</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_vision" title="Underwater vision">Underwater vision</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_computer_vision" title="Underwater computer vision">Underwater computer vision</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diving_physiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving physiology">Diving<br />physiology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diving_reflex#Blood_shift" title="Diving reflex">Blood shift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_shock_response" title="Cold shock response">Cold shock response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_reflex" title="Diving reflex">Diving reflex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equivalent_narcotic_depth" title="Equivalent narcotic depth">Equivalent narcotic depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximum_operating_depth" title="Maximum operating depth">Maximum operating depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physiological_response_to_water_immersion" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiological response to water immersion">Physiological response to water immersion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_balance_of_the_underwater_diver" title="Thermal balance of the underwater diver">Thermal balance of the underwater diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_vision" title="Underwater vision">Underwater vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_of_breathing" title="Work of breathing">Work of breathing</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Decompressiontheory" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Decompression_theory" title="Decompression theory">Decompression<br />theory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Decompression models: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BChlmann_decompression_algorithm" title="Bühlmann decompression algorithm">Bühlmann decompression algorithm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haldane%27s_decompression_model" title="Haldane's decompression model">Haldane's decompression model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reduced_gradient_bubble_model" title="Reduced gradient bubble model">Reduced gradient bubble model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalmann_algorithm" title="Thalmann algorithm">Thalmann algorithm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermodynamic_model_of_decompression" title="Thermodynamic model of decompression">Thermodynamic model of decompression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varying_Permeability_Model" title="Varying Permeability Model">Varying Permeability Model</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equivalent_air_depth" title="Equivalent air depth">Equivalent air depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_window" title="Oxygen window">Oxygen window</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physiology_of_decompression" title="Physiology of decompression">Physiology of decompression</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Underwater_diving_environment" title="Underwater diving environment">Diving<br />environments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_exploration" title="Underwater exploration">Underwater exploration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep-sea_exploration" title="Deep-sea exploration">Deep-sea exploration</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diving_environments_by_type" title="List of diving environments by type">List of diving environments by type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altitude_diving" title="Altitude diving">Altitude diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benign_water_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Benign water diving">Benign water diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confined_water_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Confined water diving">Confined water diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_diving" title="Deep diving">Deep diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Inland diving">Inland diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inshore_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Inshore diving">Inshore diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muck_diving" title="Muck diving">Muck diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_diving" title="Night diving">Night diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-water_diving" title="Open-water diving">Open-water diving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black-water_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Black-water diving">Black-water diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-water_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue-water diving">Blue-water diving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penetration_diving" title="Penetration diving">Penetration diving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_diving" title="Cave diving">Cave diving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torricellian_chamber" title="Torricellian chamber">Torricellian chamber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_diving" title="Ice diving">Ice diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wreck_diving" title="Wreck diving">Wreck diving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_dive_sites" title="Recreational dive sites">Recreational dive sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_environment" title="Underwater environment">Underwater environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_diving_environment" title="Underwater diving environment">Underwater diving environment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impact</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_recreational_diving" title="Environmental impact of recreational diving">Environmental impact of recreational diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_impact_diving" title="Low impact diving">Low impact diving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathysphere" title="Bathysphere">Bathysphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_against_swimmer_incursions" title="Defense against swimmer incursions">Defense against swimmer incursions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diver_detection_sonar" title="Diver detection sonar">Diver detection sonar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offshore_survey" class="mw-redirect" title="Offshore survey">Offshore survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugged_compact_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugged compact camera">Rugged compact camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_domain_awareness" title="Underwater domain awareness">Underwater domain awareness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_vehicle" title="Underwater vehicle">Underwater vehicle</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deep-submergence_vehicle" title="Deep-submergence vehicle">Deep-submergence<br />vehicle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluminaut" title="Aluminaut"><i>Aluminaut</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSV_Alvin" title="DSV Alvin">DSV <i>Alvin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_submarine_NR-1" title="American submarine NR-1">American submarine NR-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathyscaphe" title="Bathyscaphe">Bathyscaphe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archim%C3%A8de" title="Archimède"><i>Archimède</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FNRS-2" title="FNRS-2">FNRS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FNRS-3" title="FNRS-3">FNRS-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Pole-class_bathyscaphe#Harmony_class_bathyscaphe" title="Sea Pole-class bathyscaphe"><i>Harmony</i> class bathyscaphe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Pole-class_bathyscaphe" title="Sea Pole-class bathyscaphe"><i>Sea Pole</i>-class bathyscaphe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathyscaphe_Trieste_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Bathyscaphe Trieste II"><i>Trieste II</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepsea_Challenger" title="Deepsea Challenger"><i>Deepsea Challenger</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ictineu_3" title="Ictineu 3"><i>Ictineu 3</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAGO_(German_research_submersible)" title="JAGO (German research submersible)"><i>JAGO</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaolong_(submersible)" title="Jiaolong (submersible)"><i>Jiaolong</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konsul-class_submersible" title="Konsul-class submersible"><i>Konsul</i>-class submersible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSV_Limiting_Factor" title="DSV Limiting Factor"><i>Limiting Factor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_submarine_Losharik" title="Russian submarine Losharik">Russian submarine <i>Losharik</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_(submersible)" title="Mir (submersible)"><i>Mir</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautile" title="Nautile"><i>Nautile</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisces-class_deep_submergence_vehicle" title="Pisces-class deep submergence vehicle"><i>Pisces</i>-class deep submergence vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSV_Sea_Cliff" title="DSV Sea Cliff">DSV <i>Sea Cliff</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSV_Shinkai" title="DSV Shinkai">DSV <i>Shinkai</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSV_Shinkai_2000" title="DSV Shinkai 2000">DSV <i>Shinkai 2000</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSV_Shinkai_6500" title="DSV Shinkai 6500">DSV <i>Shinkai 6500</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSV_Turtle" title="DSV Turtle">DSV <i>Turtle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSV-5_Nemo" title="DSV-5 Nemo">DSV-5 <i>Nemo</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Submarine_rescue" title="Submarine rescue">Submarine rescue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Submarine_Escape_and_Rescue_Liaison_Office" title="International Submarine Escape and Rescue Liaison Office">International Submarine Escape and Rescue Liaison Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_Escape_and_Rescue_system_(Royal_Swedish_Navy)" title="Submarine Escape and Rescue system (Royal Swedish Navy)">Submarine Escape and Rescue system (Royal Swedish Navy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCann_Rescue_Chamber" title="McCann Rescue Chamber">McCann Rescue Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_rescue_ship" title="Submarine rescue ship">Submarine rescue ship</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Deep-submergencerescue_vehicle" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deep-submergence_rescue_vehicle" title="Deep-submergence rescue vehicle">Deep-submergence<br />rescue vehicle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LR5" title="LR5">LR5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LR7" title="LR7">LR7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSM-1" title="MSM-1">MSM-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystic-class_deep-submergence_rescue_vehicle" title="Mystic-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle"><i>Mystic</i>-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DSRV-1_Mystic" title="DSRV-1 Mystic">DSRV-1 <i>Mystic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSRV-2_Avalon" title="DSRV-2 Avalon">DSRV-2 <i>Avalon</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Submarine_Rescue_System" title="NATO Submarine Rescue System">NATO Submarine Rescue System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priz-class_deep-submergence_rescue_vehicle" title="Priz-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle"><i>Priz</i>-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_deep_submergence_rescue_vehicle_AS-28" title="Russian deep submergence rescue vehicle AS-28">Russian deep submergence rescue vehicle AS-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_submarine_AS-34" title="Russian submarine AS-34">Russian submarine AS-34</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASRV_Remora" class="mw-redirect" title="ASRV Remora">ASRV <i>Remora</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SRV-300" title="SRV-300">SRV-300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_Rescue_Diving_Recompression_System" title="Submarine Rescue Diving Recompression System">Submarine Rescue Diving Recompression System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_7103_DSRV" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 7103 DSRV">Type 7103 DSRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URF_(Swedish_Navy)" title="URF (Swedish Navy)">URF (Swedish Navy)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Submarine_escape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Submarine escape (page does not exist)">Submarine escape</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Escape_trunk" title="Escape trunk">Escape trunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_escape_training_facility" title="Submarine escape training facility">Submarine escape training facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_Escape_Training_Facility_(Australia)" title="Submarine Escape Training Facility (Australia)">Submarine Escape Training Facility (Australia)</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Escape_set" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Escape_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Escape set">Escape set</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Davis_Submerged_Escape_Apparatus" title="Davis Submerged Escape Apparatus">Davis Submerged Escape Apparatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momsen_lung" title="Momsen lung">Momsen lung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steinke_hood" title="Steinke hood">Steinke hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_Escape_Immersion_Equipment" title="Submarine Escape Immersion Equipment">Submarine Escape Immersion Equipment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special<br />interest<br />groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_Reef_Society_of_British_Columbia" title="Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia">Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMAS_Europe" title="CMAS Europe">CMAS Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Reef_Alliance" title="Coral Reef Alliance">Coral Reef Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divers_Alert_Network" title="Divers Alert Network">Divers Alert Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Fins" title="Green Fins">Green Fins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_Lakes_Underwater_Preserve_Association" title="Finger Lakes Underwater Preserve Association">Finger Lakes Underwater Preserve Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karst_Underwater_Research" title="Karst Underwater Research">Karst Underwater Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_Archaeology_Program" title="Nautical Archaeology Program">Nautical Archaeology Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_Archaeology_Society" title="Nautical Archaeology Society">Nautical Archaeology Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Command_Sub_Aqua_Club" title="Naval Air Command Sub Aqua Club">Naval Air Command Sub Aqua Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PADI_AWARE" title="PADI AWARE">PADI AWARE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reef_Check" title="Reef Check">Reef Check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reef_Life_Survey" title="Reef Life Survey">Reef Life Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubicon_Foundation" title="Rubicon Foundation">Rubicon Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_Ontario_Shipwrecks" title="Save Ontario Shipwrecks">Save Ontario Shipwrecks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaKeys" title="SeaKeys">SeaKeys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Research_Society" title="Sea Research Society">Sea Research Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Underwater_Historical_Research" title="Society for Underwater Historical Research">Society for Underwater Historical Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Underwater_Technology" title="Society for Underwater Technology">Society for Underwater Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_Archaeology_Branch,_Naval_History_%26_Heritage_Command" title="Underwater Archaeology Branch, Naval History & Heritage Command">Underwater Archaeology Branch, Naval History & Heritage Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neutral buoyancy<br />facilities for<br />Astronaut training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_Buoyancy_Laboratory" title="Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory">Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_buoyancy_pool" title="Neutral buoyancy pool">Neutral buoyancy pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_buoyancy_simulation_as_a_training_aid" title="Neutral buoyancy simulation as a training aid">Neutral buoyancy simulation as a training aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_Buoyancy_Simulator" title="Neutral Buoyancy Simulator">Neutral Buoyancy Simulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Systems_Laboratory_(Maryland)" title="Space Systems Laboratory (Maryland)">Space Systems Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin_Cosmonaut_Training_Center" title="Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center">Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_Productions" title="Nautilus Productions">Nautilus Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helicopter_Aircrew_Breathing_Device" title="Helicopter Aircrew Breathing Device">Helicopter Aircrew Breathing Device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving_therapy" title="Scuba diving therapy">Scuba diving therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seabed_mining" title="Seabed mining">Seabed mining</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Underwater_diving" title="Category:Underwater diving">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Underwater_diving" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Underwater diving">Commons</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_underwater_diving_terminology" title="Glossary of underwater diving terminology">Glossary</a></b></li> <li><b>Indexes: <a href="/wiki/Index_of_recreational_dive_sites" title="Index of recreational dive sites">Dive sites</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Index_of_underwater_divers" title="Index of underwater divers">Divers</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Index_of_underwater_diving" title="Index of underwater diving">Diving</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_underwater_diving" title="Outline of underwater diving">Outline</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Underwater_diving" title="Portal:Underwater diving">Portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55415#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55415#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55415#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121302719">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/44304468">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/27906/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdcD7fqkDKM3rD4T43bBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118600761">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Riefenstahl, Leni"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n78083380">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11921941k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11921941k">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00454197">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Riefenstahl, Leni <1902-2003>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/LO1V087426">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an49785723">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo2002104868&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX841601">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1639118">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069387281">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90095076">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000143250&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000003725&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=75554">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201104945">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/pm1344k72qjb1np">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810586666605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007267004005171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514013306706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14488296">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01028468?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500094684">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/d1ed9d97-8827-495c-95c6-6f7d832ab0c1">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/218144">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/24552">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/4996">Photographers' Identities</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bmlo.de/r1734">BMLO</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/958087">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118600761.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118600761">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032344082">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10582623">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&oldid=1260160610">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leni_Riefenstahl&oldid=1260160610</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Category:Leni Riefenstahl">Leni Riefenstahl</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1902_births" title="Category:1902 births">1902 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2003_deaths" title="Category:2003 deaths">2003 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_German_actresses" title="Category:20th-century German actresses">20th-century German actresses</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_German_women_photographers" title="Category:20th-century German women photographers">20th-century German women 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