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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Three_Kingdoms_to_the_Sui_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Three Kingdoms to the Sui dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Three_Kingdoms_to_the_Sui_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tang_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tang_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Tang dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tang_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battles_with_Arab_Caliphate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battles_with_Arab_Caliphate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Battles with Arab Caliphate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battles_with_Arab_Caliphate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkic_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkic_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Turkic rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkic_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mongol_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mongol_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Mongol rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mongol_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qing_conquest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qing_conquest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Qing conquest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qing_conquest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dungan_Revolt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dungan_Revolt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Dungan Revolt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dungan_Revolt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qing_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qing_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Qing rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qing_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_of_China_(1913–1933)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_China_(1913–1933)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Republic of China (1913–1933)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_China_(1913–1933)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_East_Turkestan_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_East_Turkestan_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>First East Turkestan Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_East_Turkestan_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Kashgar_(1933)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Kashgar_(1933)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12.1</span> <span>Battle of Kashgar (1933)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Kashgar_(1933)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Kashgar_(1934)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Kashgar_(1934)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12.2</span> <span>Battle of Kashgar (1934)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Kashgar_(1934)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_of_China_(1934–1949)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_China_(1934–1949)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13</span> <span>Republic of China (1934–1949)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_China_(1934–1949)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People's_Republic_of_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People's_Republic_of_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14</span> <span>People's Republic of China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People's_Republic_of_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kashgar_Sunday_Market" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kashgar_Sunday_Market"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Kashgar Sunday Market</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kashgar_Sunday_Market-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_economic_zone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_economic_zone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Special economic zone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_economic_zone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kashgar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 80 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaxgar_(Stadt)" title="Kaxgar (Stadt) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kaxgar (Stadt)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%BA%D8%B1" title="كاشغر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كاشغر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qa%C5%9Fqar" title="Qaşqar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qaşqar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="کاشقار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کاشقار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC" title="কাশগড় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাশগড়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar-chh%C4%AB" title="Kashgar-chhī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kashgar-chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ҡашғар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡашғар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кашгар – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кашгар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кашгар – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кашгар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaixgar" title="Kaixgar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kaixgar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashi_(kapital_sa_prepektura)" title="Kashi (kapital sa prepektura) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kashi (kapital sa prepektura)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1gar" title="Kašgar – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kašgar" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Kashgar" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kashgar" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaxgar_(Stadt)" title="Kaxgar (Stadt) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kaxgar (Stadt)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaxgar" title="Kaxgar – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaxgar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%81" title="Κασγκάρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κασγκάρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasgar" title="Kasgar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kasgar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%9Dgar" title="Kaŝgar – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kaŝgar" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kashgar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%BA%D8%B1" title="کاشغر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاشغر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kachgar" title="Kachgar – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kachgar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasjgar" title="Kasjgar – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kasjgar" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Kashgar" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%88%EA%B0%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%8B%9C" title="카슈가르시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카슈가르시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Կաշգար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կաշգար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="काश्गर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="काश्गर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kashgar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kashgar" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A8" title="קאשגאר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קאשגאר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ქაშგარი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქაშგარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Қашқар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қашқар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кашкар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кашкар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kashgar" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2" title="ຄາສກາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄາສກາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casgarium" title="Casgarium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Casgarium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1gara" title="Kašgara – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kašgara" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1garas" title="Kašgaras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kašgaras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasgar_(telep%C3%BCl%C3%A9s)" title="Kasgar (település) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kasgar (település)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kashgar" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="काश्गर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="काश्गर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="كاشجر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاشجر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%BA%D8%B1" title="کاشغر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کاشغر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kashgar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кашгар – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кашгар" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasjgar_(stad)" title="Kasjgar (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kasjgar (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="काशगर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="काशगर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AB%E5%B8%82" title="カシュガル市 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カシュガル市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar_(Kashgar)" title="Kashgar (Kashgar) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kashgar (Kashgar)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B6%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%B0" title="କାଶଗର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କାଶଗର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qashqar_(shahar)" title="Qashqar (shahar) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qashqar (shahar)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਕਾਸ਼ਗ਼ਾਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਸ਼ਗ਼ਾਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%BA%D8%B1" title="کاشغر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کاشغر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%BA%D8%B1" title="کاشغر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کاشغر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaszgar" title="Kaszgar – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kaszgar" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casgar" title="Casgar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Casgar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaxgar" title="Kaxgar – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kaxgar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кашгар – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кашгар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="श्रीक्रीराति – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="श्रीक्रीराति" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kash" title="Kash – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kash" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kashgar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1gar_(mesto)" title="Kašgar (mesto) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kašgar (mesto)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1gar" title="Kašgar – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kašgar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кашгар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кашгар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1gar" title="Kašgar – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kašgar" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kashgar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kashgar" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="கஷ்கர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கஷ்கர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кашгар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кашгар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="คัชการ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คัชการ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D2%9A%D0%BE%D1%88%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Шаҳристони Қошғар – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Шаҳристони Қошғар" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%9Fgar" title="Kaşgar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kaşgar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кашгар – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кашгар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%BA%D8%B1" title="کاشغر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کاشغر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%95%D8%B4%D9%82%DB%95%D8%B1_%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="قەشقەر شەھىرى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قەشقەر شەھىرى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar_(th%C3%A0nh_ph%E1%BB%91_c%E1%BA%A5p_huy%E1%BB%87n)" title="Kashgar (thành phố cấp huyện) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kashgar (thành phố cấp huyện)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kashgar" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80%E5%B8%82" title="喀什市 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="喀什市" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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.geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kashgar&params=39.4681_N_75.9938_E_type:adm3rd_region:CN-65_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°28′05″N</span> <span class="longitude">75°59′38″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.4681°N 75.9938°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.4681; 75.9938</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">County-level city in Xinjiang, China</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the county-level city. For the prefecture, see <a href="/wiki/Kashgar_Prefecture" title="Kashgar Prefecture">Kashgar Prefecture</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Kashgar" title="Special:EditPage/Kashgar">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Kashgar%22">"Kashgar"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Kashgar%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Kashgar%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Kashgar%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Kashgar%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Kashgar%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">County-level city in Xinjiang, China</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Kashgar</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">قەشقەر شەھرى</span>‎</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">喀什市</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>)</span></li></ul></div></div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Kashi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">County-level city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:171px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Afaq_Khoja_Mausoleum_(2017,_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Afaq Khoja Mausoleum, a rectangular building with a dome in the middle, a large gate in the front, and four minaret towers on each corner." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Afaq_Khoja_Mausoleum_%282017%2C_crop%29.jpg/288px-Afaq_Khoja_Mausoleum_%282017%2C_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Afaq_Khoja_Mausoleum_%282017%2C_crop%29.jpg/432px-Afaq_Khoja_Mausoleum_%282017%2C_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Afaq_Khoja_Mausoleum_%282017%2C_crop%29.jpg/576px-Afaq_Khoja_Mausoleum_%282017%2C_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Afaq_Khoja_Mausoleum" title="Afaq Khoja Mausoleum">Afaq Khoja Mausoleum</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style="height:100px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Town_Kashgar_Xinjiang_China_%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86_%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80_%E8%80%81%E9%95%87_-_panoramio_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Street scene in a renovated part of Kashgar Old City. The renovated homes are reinforced with mud bricks and are of a reddish brown colour." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Old_Town_Kashgar_Xinjiang_China_%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86_%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80_%E8%80%81%E9%95%87_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/134px-Old_Town_Kashgar_Xinjiang_China_%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86_%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80_%E8%80%81%E9%95%87_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Old_Town_Kashgar_Xinjiang_China_%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86_%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80_%E8%80%81%E9%95%87_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/201px-Old_Town_Kashgar_Xinjiang_China_%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86_%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80_%E8%80%81%E9%95%87_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Old_Town_Kashgar_Xinjiang_China_%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86_%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80_%E8%80%81%E9%95%87_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/268px-Old_Town_Kashgar_Xinjiang_China_%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86_%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80_%E8%80%81%E9%95%87_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Kashgar Old City</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div style="height:100px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:H%C3%ABytgah_Mosque,_Kashi_(20230923100109).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Id Kah Mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/H%C3%ABytgah_Mosque%2C_Kashi_%2820230923100109%29.jpg/150px-H%C3%ABytgah_Mosque%2C_Kashi_%2820230923100109%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/H%C3%ABytgah_Mosque%2C_Kashi_%2820230923100109%29.jpg/225px-H%C3%ABytgah_Mosque%2C_Kashi_%2820230923100109%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/H%C3%ABytgah_Mosque%2C_Kashi_%2820230923100109%29.jpg/300px-H%C3%ABytgah_Mosque%2C_Kashi_%2820230923100109%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4990" data-file-height="3327" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Id_Kah_Mosque" title="Id Kah Mosque">Id Kah Mosque</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:163px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kashgar,_China_Bebop_Drone_2015-09-13T194555%2B0000_18F943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Kashgar%2C_China_Bebop_Drone_2015-09-13T194555%2B0000_18F943.jpg/288px-Kashgar%2C_China_Bebop_Drone_2015-09-13T194555%2B0000_18F943.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Kashgar%2C_China_Bebop_Drone_2015-09-13T194555%2B0000_18F943.jpg/432px-Kashgar%2C_China_Bebop_Drone_2015-09-13T194555%2B0000_18F943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Kashgar%2C_China_Bebop_Drone_2015-09-13T194555%2B0000_18F943.jpg/576px-Kashgar%2C_China_Bebop_Drone_2015-09-13T194555%2B0000_18F943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1088" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Skyline of Kashgar</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kashi_mcp.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Kashgar (red) within Kashgar Prefecture"><img alt="Location of Kashgar (red) within Kashgar Prefecture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Kashi_mcp.png/250px-Kashi_mcp.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Kashi_mcp.png/375px-Kashi_mcp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Kashi_mcp.png 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="418" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Kashgar (red) within Kashgar Prefecture</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Xinjiang_rel_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kashgar is located in Xinjiang"><img alt="Kashgar is located in Xinjiang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/China_Xinjiang_rel_location_map.svg/300px-China_Xinjiang_rel_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/China_Xinjiang_rel_location_map.svg/450px-China_Xinjiang_rel_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/China_Xinjiang_rel_location_map.svg/600px-China_Xinjiang_rel_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2220" data-file-height="1939" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.341%;left:11.889%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kashgar"><img alt="Kashgar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Kashgar</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Kashgar's city center in Xinjiang</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Xinjiang</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kashgar is located in China"><img alt="Kashgar is located in China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg/300px-China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg/450px-China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg/600px-China_edcp_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1968" data-file-height="1567" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.136%;left:6.688%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kashgar"><img alt="Kashgar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Kashgar</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Kashgar (China)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of China</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates (Kashgar municipal government): <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kashgar&params=39.4681_N_75.9938_E_type:adm3rd_region:CN-65_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°28′05″N</span> <span class="longitude">75°59′38″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.4681°N 75.9938°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.4681; 75.9938</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefectures of China">Prefecture</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kashgar_Prefecture" title="Kashgar Prefecture">Kashgar</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Municipal seat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96steng_Boyi_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Östeng Boyi Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Östeng Boyi Subdistrict</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2018)<sup id="cite_ref-demographia_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demographia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">County-level city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,056.8 km<sup>2</sup> (408.0 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">130 km<sup>2</sup> (50 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,818 km<sup>2</sup> (1,088 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,270 m (4,170 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">County-level city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">782,662</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">740/km<sup>2</sup> (1,900/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">920,000<sup id="cite_ref-demographia_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demographia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">Major ethnic groups</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>85.8% <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a></li><li>13.5% <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zones</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B08:00" title="UTC+08:00">UTC+08:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_China" title="Time in China">CST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B06:00" title="UTC+06:00">UTC+06:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Time" title="Xinjiang Time">XJT</a>, <i>de facto</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_code_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal code of China">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">844000</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0998</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_regional_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross regional product">GDP</a> (Nominal)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">2019</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> </span>– Total</th><td class="infobox-data">CN¥22.8 billion<br />US$3.3 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> </span>– Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">CN¥34,748<br />US$5,028</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> </span>– Growth</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6.2%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xjks.gov.cn/">www<wbr />.xjks<wbr />.gov<wbr />.cn</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Kashgar</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kashgar_(Chinese_and_Uighur)2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Kashgar_%28Chinese_and_Uighur%292.png/125px-Kashgar_%28Chinese_and_Uighur%292.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Kashgar_%28Chinese_and_Uighur%292.png/188px-Kashgar_%28Chinese_and_Uighur%292.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Kashgar_%28Chinese_and_Uighur%292.png/250px-Kashgar_%28Chinese_and_Uighur%292.png 2x" data-file-width="1069" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Kashgar" in <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Arabic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Arabic alphabet">Uyghur Arabic</a> (top) and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a> (bottom)</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Uyghur name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1074196468">.mw-parser-output .font-uig{font-family:"UKIJ Tuz","UKIJ Nasq","UKIJ Basma","UKIJ_Mac Basma","UKIJ Zilwa","UKIJ Esliye","UKIJ Tuz Basma","UKIJ Tuz Kitab","UKIJ Tuz Gezit","UKIJ Tuz Qara","UKIJ Tuz Qara","UKIJ Tuz Tor","UKIJ Kesme","UKIJ Kesme Tuz","UKIJ Qara","UKIJ Basma Aq","UKIJ Basma Qara","UKIJ Basma Tuz","UKIJ Putuk","UKIJ Tuz Xet","UKIJ Tom Xet","UKIJ Tuz Jurnal","UKIJ Arabic","UKIJ CJK","UKIJ Ekran","UKIJ_Mac Ekran","UKIJ Teng","UKIJ Tor","UKIJ Tuz Tom","UKIJ Mono Keng","UKIJ Mono Tar","UKIJ Nokia","UKIJ SimSun","UKIJ Yanfon","UKIJ Qolyazma","UKIJ Saet","UKIJ Nasq Zilwa","UKIJ Sulus","UKIJ Sulus Tom","UKIJ 3D","UKIJ Diwani","UKIJ Diwani Yantu","UKIJ Diwani Tom","UKIJ Esliye Tom","UKIJ Esliye Qara","UKIJ Jelliy","UKIJ Kufi","UKIJ Kufi Tar","UKIJ Kufi Uz","UKIJ Kufi Yay","UKIJ Merdane","UKIJ Ruqi","UKIJ Mejnuntal","UKIJ Junun","UKIJ Moy Qelem","UKIJ Chiwer Kesme","UKIJ Orxun-Yensey","UKIJ Elipbe","UKIJ Qolyazma Tez","UKIJ Qolyazma Tuz","UKIJ Qolyazma Yantu","UKIJ Ruqi Tuz",FZWWBBOT_Unicode,FZWWHQHTOT_Unicode,"Scheherazade New",Scheherazade,Lateef,LateefGR,"Microsoft Uighur","Noto Naskh Arabic","Times New Roman",Arial,"Microsoft Sans Serif";font-feature-settings:"cv50"1}</style><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;">قەشقەر</span>‎</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Latin_alphabet" title="Uyghur Latin alphabet">Latin Yëziqi</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ug-Latn">Qeshqer</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_New_Script" title="Uyghur New Script">Yengi Yeziⱪ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ug-Latn">Ⱪǝxⱪǝr</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet">Siril Yëziqi</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug-Cyrl" style="font-style: normal;">Қәшқәр</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Uyghur <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:IPA">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ug-Latn"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ug-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[qæʃqær]</a></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:喀什">喀什</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Kāshí</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Kāshí</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo" style="font-style: normal;">ㄎㄚ   ㄕˊ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Kashyr</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Kʻa<sup>1</sup>-shih<sup>2</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Kashíh</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Mandarin" title="Yale romanization of Mandarin">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Kāshŕ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Phonetic_Symbols_II" title="Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II">MPS2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Kāshŕ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[kʰá.ʂɻ̩̌]</a></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Alternative Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">喀什噶尔</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">喀什噶爾</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">PRC</a>:</span> Kāshígá'ěr<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">ROC</a>:</span> Kàshígé'ěr</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">PRC</a>:</span> Kāshígá'ěr<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">ROC</a>:</span> Kàshígé'ěr</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo" style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">PRC</a>:</span> ㄎㄚ   ㄕˊ   ㄍㄚˊ   ㄦˇ<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">ROC</a>:</span> ㄎㄚˋ   ㄕˊ   ㄍㄜˊ   ㄦˇ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">PRC</a>:</span> Kashyrgar'eel<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">ROC</a>:</span> Kahshyrger'eel</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">PRC</a>:</span> Kʻa<sup>1</sup>-shih<sup>2</sup>-ka<sup>2</sup>-êrh<sup>3</sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">ROC</a>:</span> Kʻa<sup>4</sup>-shih<sup>2</sup>-ko<sup>2</sup>-êrh<sup>3</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">PRC</a>:</span> Kashíhgá'ěr<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">ROC</a>:</span> Kàshíhgé'ěr</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Mandarin" title="Yale romanization of Mandarin">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">PRC</a>:</span> Kāshŕgáěr<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">ROC</a>:</span> Kàshŕgéěr</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Phonetic_Symbols_II" title="Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II">MPS2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">PRC</a>:</span> Kāshŕgáěr<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">ROC</a>:</span> Kàshŕgéěr</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">PRC</a>:</span> <span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[kʰá.ʂɻ̩̌.kǎ.àɚ]</a></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">ROC</a>:</span> <span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[kʰâ.ʂɻ̩̌.kɤ̌.àɚ]</a></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Historical Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">疏勒</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Shūlè</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shūlè</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo" style="font-style: normal;">ㄕㄨ   ㄌㄜˋ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shuleh</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shu<sup>1</sup>-lê<sup>4</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shulè</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Mandarin" title="Yale romanization of Mandarin">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shūlè</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Phonetic_Symbols_II" title="Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II">MPS2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shūlè</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ʂú.lɤ̂]</a></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Second historical Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">疏附</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Shūfù</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shūfù</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo" style="font-style: normal;">ㄕㄨ   ㄈㄨˋ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shufuh</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shu<sup>1</sup>-fu<sup>4</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shufù</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Mandarin" title="Yale romanization of Mandarin">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shūfù</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Phonetic_Symbols_II" title="Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II">MPS2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shūfù</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ʂú.fû]</a></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kashgar</b> (<a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a>: <span lang="ug" dir="rtl">قەشقەر</span>) or <b>Kashi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">喀什</span>) is a city in the <a href="/wiki/Tarim_Basin" title="Tarim Basin">Tarim Basin</a> region of southern <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>, China. It is one of the westernmost cities of China, located near the country's border with <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>. For over 2,000 years, Kashgar was a strategically important <a href="/wiki/Oasis" title="Oasis">oasis</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a> between China, the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. It is <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_continuously_inhabited_cities" title="List of oldest continuously inhabited cities">one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world</a> and has a population of 711,300 people (as of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>). Kashgar's urban area covers 15 km<sup>2</sup> (5.8 sq mi), although its administrative area extends over 555 km<sup>2</sup> (214 sq mi). </p><p>At the convergence point of widely varying cultures and empires, Kashgar has been under the rule of the Chinese, Turkic, Mongol and Tibetan empires. The city has also been the site of a number of battles between various groups of people on the steppes. </p><p>Now administered as a <a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">county-level city</a>, Kashgar is the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">administrative centre</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kashgar_Prefecture" title="Kashgar Prefecture">Kashgar Prefecture</a>, which has an area of 162,000 km<sup>2</sup> (63,000 sq mi) and a population of approximately 4 million as of 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kashgar was declared a <a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special Economic Zone</a> in 2010; it is the only city in western China with this designation. Kashgar also forms a terminus of the <a href="/wiki/Karakoram_Highway" title="Karakoram Highway">Karakoram Highway</a>, the reconstruction of which is considered a major part of the multibillion-dollar <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Pakistan_Economic_Corridor" title="China–Pakistan Economic Corridor">China–Pakistan Economic Corridor</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest recorded names of the city are <i>Shufu</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">疏附</span></span>) and <i>Shule</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">疏勒</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shufu originally referred to Kashgar's <a href="/wiki/Old_town" title="Old town">old city</a> inhabited by the Uyghurs, while Shule referred to the new city built by <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> settlers, located 6 miles (9.7 km) from the old one.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDillon20145_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDillon20145-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shule may have been an attempt by the Chinese to transcribe the <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> name for Kashgar, <span title="Sanskrit-language text"><i lang="sa">Śrīkrīrāti</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">fortunate hospitality</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The origin of the name <i>Kashgar</i> is not known for certain and is the subject of academic debate. The Roman geographer <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> (90–168), in his work <i>Geography</i>, refers to the city as <i>Kasi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Buddhist scholar <a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Xuanzang</a> meanwhile recorded the name <i>Kasha</i> after passing through the city in 644.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name <i>Kashgar</i> did not appear in Chinese records (as <span lang="zh-Hant">喀什噶爾</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Kàshígé'ěr</span></i>) until the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> (960–1279), but it was likely to have been used orally long before then.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDillon20147_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDillon20147-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Aurel_Stein" title="Aurel Stein">Aurel Stein</a> (1862–1943) argued that the name Kashgar came into use in 716, sometime after the raids on the city by <a href="/wiki/Qutayba_ibn_Muslim" title="Qutayba ibn Muslim">Qutayba ibn Muslim</a>, the then Arab governor of <a href="/wiki/Khurasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khurasan">Khurasan</a>. However, Stein's contemporary, the Scottish historian <a href="/wiki/H._A._R._Gibb" title="H. A. R. Gibb">H. A. R. Gibb</a> (1895–1971), argued that Qutayba never made it as far as Kashgar, and Stein was likely conflating Kashgar with another city.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The English name <i>Kashgar</i> is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> name (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Кашгар</span></span>), which itself is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> name <span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">Kâšğar</i></span> (<span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">کاشغر</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/H._W._Bailey" class="mw-redirect" title="H. W. Bailey">H. W. Bailey</a> (1899–1996), an English scholar who specialised in the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a>, proposed that <span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">Kâš</i></span> may have been the indigenous name of the city, with the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Iranian_languages" title="Eastern Iranian languages">Eastern Iranian</a> suffix -<span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">ğar</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">mountain</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) being attached later on.<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archaic English spellings of Kashgar include <i>Cascar</i><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Cashgar</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> name <i>Kashi</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">喀什</span></span>) is a shortened form of the longer and less-frequently used <i>Kashiga'er</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">喀什噶尔</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-collins_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collins-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-official_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chinese government's official spelling for Kashgar in the <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur language</a> is <span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><i lang="ug-Latn">Qeshqer</i></span> (<span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">قەشقەر</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The historical spelling <span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><i lang="ug-Latn">Kashgher</i></span> (<span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">كاشغەر</span></span>) is still used by some Uyghurs today. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b> with: pre-Han history. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Kashgar" title="History of Kashgar">History of Kashgar</a></div> <p>Kashgar is located at the convergence point of widely varying cultures and empires, it has been under the rule of the historically Chinese, Turkic, Mongol, and Tibetan empires. The city has also been the site of a number of battles between various groups of people on the steppes.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Han_dynasty">Han dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Han dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Shule_Kingdom" title="Shule Kingdom">Shule Kingdom</a></div> <p>The earliest mention of Kashgar occurs when a Chinese <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> envoy travelled the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Silk_Road" title="Northern Silk Road">Northern Silk Road</a> to explore lands to the west.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another early mention of Kashgar is during the <a href="/wiki/Former_Han" class="mw-redirect" title="Former Han">Former Han</a> (also known as the <a href="/wiki/Western_Han_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Han dynasty">Western Han dynasty</a>), when in 76 BCE the Chinese conquered the <a href="/wiki/Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a>, Yutian (<a href="/wiki/Hotan" title="Hotan">Khotan</a>), Sulei (Kashgar) and a group of states in the <a href="/wiki/Tarim_Basin" title="Tarim Basin">Tarim Basin</a> almost up to the foot of the <a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan" title="Tian Shan">Tian Shan</a> range.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> speaks of <a href="/wiki/Scythia" title="Scythia">Scythia</a> beyond the <a href="/wiki/Imaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Imaus">Imaus</a>, which is in a "Kasia Regio", probably exhibiting the name from which Kashgar and Kashgaria (often applied to the district) are formed.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The country's people practised <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> before the coming of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Han" title="Book of Han">Book of Han</a></i>, which covers the period between 125 BCE and 23 CE, it is recorded that there were 1,510 households, 18,647 people and 2,000 persons able to bear arms. By the time covered by the <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Later_Han" title="Book of the Later Han">Book of the Later Han</a></i> (roughly 25 to 170 CE), it had grown to 21,000 households and had 3,000 men able to bear arms.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:70%; float:right; clear:right; margin-left:1em;"> <caption><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kashgar" title="History of Kashgar">History of Kashgar</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>City Name </th> <th style="width: 100px">Dynasty </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFD350;">≈ 2nd cent.<br />BC </td> <td rowspan="24," style="text-align: center;">Shule </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Shule_Kingdom" title="Shule Kingdom">Shule Kingdom</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>≈ 177 BC </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>60 BC </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Western Han dynasty</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1st cent.<br />AD </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Xiongnu, <a href="/wiki/Yuezhi" title="Yuezhi">Yuezhi</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>74 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Han_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Han Dynasty">Eastern Han dynasty</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>107 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Xiongnu#Northern_Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Northern Xiongnu</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Shule_County-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Millward2007_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Millward2007-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 23">: 23 </span></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>127 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Eastern Han dynasty </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Shule_County-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Millward2007_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Millward2007-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 23">: 23 </span></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>150 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Millward2007_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Millward2007-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 23">: 23 </span></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>323 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Kucha" title="Kucha">Kucha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rouran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rouran">Rouran</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>384 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Former_Qin" title="Former Qin">Former Qin</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>≈450 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Hephthalite_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hephthalite Empire">Hephthalite Empire</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Millward2007_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Millward2007-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 30">: 30 </span></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>492 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Tiele_people" title="Tiele people">Gaoche</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Shule_County-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>≈504 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Hephthalite_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hephthalite Empire">Hephthalite Empire</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Shule_County-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>≈552 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/First_Turkic_Khaganate" title="First Turkic Khaganate">First Turkic Khaganate</a>, </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Shule_County-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Millward2007_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Millward2007-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 30">: 30 </span></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>≈583 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Western Turkic Khaganate">Western Turkic Khanate</a>, </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Shule_County-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>648 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Shule_County-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>651 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Western Turkic Khaganate">Western Turkic Khanate</a>, </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Shule_County-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>658 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Shule_County-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>670 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Empire" title="Tibetan Empire">Tibetan Empire</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Shule_County-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>679 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Tang dynasty </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Shule_County-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>686 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Empire" title="Tibetan Empire">Tibetan Empire</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Shule_County-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>692 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Tang dynasty </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Shule_County-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>790 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Tibetan Empire </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Shule_County-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>791 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uyghur Khaganate</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Shule_County-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>840 </td> <td rowspan="20," style="text-align: center;">Kashgar </td> <td rowspan="2," style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Kara-Khanid_Khanate" title="Kara-Khanid Khanate">Karakhanid Khanate</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFD350;">893 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFD350;">1041 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Eastern Karakhanid </td></tr> <tr> <td>1134 </td> <td rowspan="2," style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Kara-Khitan_Khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Kara-Khitan Khanate">Karakhitai Khanate</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Western_Liao_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Liao dynasty">Western Liao dynasty</a>) </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFD350;">1215 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1218 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Shule_County-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1266 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFD350;">1348 </td> <td rowspan="2," style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Moghulistan" title="Moghulistan">Moghulistan</a><br />(Eastern Chagatay) </td> <td rowspan="2"><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Shule_County-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1387 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1392 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Timurid_dynasty" title="Timurid dynasty">Timurid dynasty</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1432 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Chagatay </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1466 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Dughlats" title="Dughlats">Dughlats</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1514 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Shule_County-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1697 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1759 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Shule_County-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFD350;">1865 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Yettishar" title="Yettishar">Emirate of Kashgaria</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Shule_County-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1877 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Qing dynasty </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Shule_County-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1913 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFD350;">1933 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/First_East_Turkestan_Republic" title="First East Turkestan Republic">Turkic Islamic Republic of East Turkestan</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1934 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Republic of China </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1949 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Kashgar / Kashi </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFD350; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> Capital of an independent political entity </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <i>Book of the Later Han</i> provides a wealth of detail on developments in the region: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In the period of Emperor Wu [140–87 BC], the Western Regions were under the control of the Interior [China]. They numbered thirty-six kingdoms. The Imperial Government established a Colonel [in charge of] Envoys there to direct and protect these countries. Emperor Xuan [73–49 BC] changed this title [in 59 BC] to Protector-General. </p><p>Emperor Yuan [40–33 BC] installed two Wuji Colonels to take charge of the agricultural garrisons on the frontiers of the king of Nearer Jushi [Turpan]. </p><p>During the time of Emperor Ai [6 BCE – 1 CE] and Emperor Ping [1 – 5 CE], the principalities of the Western Regions split up and formed fifty-five kingdoms. Wang Mang, after he usurped the Throne [in 9 CE], demoted and changed their kings and marquises. Following this, the Western Regions became resentful and rebelled. They, therefore, broke off all relations with the Interior [China] and, all together, submitted to the Xiongnu again. </p><p>The Xiongnu collected oppressively heavy taxes and the kingdoms were not able to support their demands. In the middle of the Jianwu period [AD 25–56], they each [Shanshan and Yarkand in 38 and 18 kingdoms in 45], sent envoys to ask if they could submit to the Interior [China] and to express their desire for a Protector-General. Emperor Guangwu, decided that because the Empire was not yet settled [after a long period of civil war], he had no time for outside affairs and [therefore] finally refused his consent [in 45 CE]. </p><p>In the meantime, the Xiongnu became weaker. The king of Suoju [Yarkand], named Xian, wiped out several kingdoms. After Xian's death [c. 62 CE], they began to attack and fight each other. Xiao Yuan [Tura], Jingjue [Cadota], Ronglu [Niya] and Qiemo [Cherchen] were annexed by Shanshan [the Lop Nur region]. Qule [south of Keriya] and Pishan [modern Pishan or Guma] were conquered and fully occupied by Yutian [Khotan]. Yuli [Fukang], Danhuan, Guhu [Dawan Cheng] and Wutanzili were destroyed by Jushi [Turpan and Jimasa]; said kingdoms were subsequently reestablished in later years. </p><p> During the Yongping period [58 – 75 CE], the Northern Xiongnu forced several countries to help them plunder the commanderies and districts of Hexi. The gates of the towns stayed shut in broad daylight."<sup id="cite_ref-Hill2009_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill2009-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup></p></blockquote> <p>More particularly, in reference to Kashgar itself, is the following record: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In the sixteenth Yongping year of Emperor Ming 73, Jian, the king of Qiuci (<a href="/wiki/Kucha" title="Kucha">Kucha</a>), attacked and killed Cheng, the king of Shule (Kashgar). Then he appointed the Qiuci (Kucha) Marquis of the Left, Douti, King of Shule (Kashgar). In winter 73 CE, the Han sent the Major <a href="/wiki/Ban_Chao" title="Ban Chao">Ban Chao</a> who captured and bound Douti. He appointed Zhong, the son of the elder brother of Cheng, to be king of Shule (Kashgar). Zhong later rebelled. (Ban) Chao attacked and beheaded him.<sup id="cite_ref-Hill2009_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill2009-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 43">: 43 </span></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Kushans">The Kushans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Kushans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kushanmap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Kushanmap.jpg/220px-Kushanmap.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Kushanmap.jpg/330px-Kushanmap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Kushanmap.jpg/440px-Kushanmap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1119" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>Kashgar in the <a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a> under <a href="/wiki/Kanishka" title="Kanishka">Kanishka</a> the Great</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Book of the Later Han</i> also gives the only extant historical record of <a href="/wiki/Yuezhi" title="Yuezhi">Yuezhi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan</a> involvement in the Kashgar oasis: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>During the Yuanchu period (114–120) in the reign of Emperor, the king of Shule (Kashgar), exiled his maternal uncle Chenpan to the Yuezhi (Kushans) for some offense. The king of the Yuezhi became very fond of him. Later, Anguo died without leaving a son. His mother directed the government of the kingdom. She agreed with the people of the country to put Yifu (lit. "posthumous child"), who was the son of a full younger brother of Chenpan on the throne as king of Shule (Kashgar). Chenpan heard of this and appealed to the <a href="/wiki/Yuezhi" title="Yuezhi">Yuezhi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan</a>) king, saying: "Anguo had no son. His relative (Yifu) is weak. If one wants to put on the throne a member of (Anguo's) mother's family, I am Yifu's paternal uncle, it is I who should be king." </p><p>The Yuezhi (Kushans) then sent soldiers to escort him back to Shule (Kashgar). The people had previously respected and been fond of Chenpan. Besides, they dreaded the Yuezhi (Kushans). They immediately took the seal and ribbon from Yifu and went to Chenpan, and made him king. Yifu was given the title of Marquis of the town of Pangao [90 li, or 37 km, from Shule]. </p><p>Then Suoju (Yarkand) continued to resist Yutian (Khotan), and put themselves under Shule (Kashgar). Thus Shule (Kashgar), became powerful and a rival to Qiuci (Kucha) and Yutian (Khotan)."<sup id="cite_ref-Hill2009_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill2009-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 43">: 43 </span></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>However, it was not very long before the Chinese began to reassert their authority in the region: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In the second Yongjian year (127), during Emperor Shun's reign, Chenpan sent an envoy to respectfully present offerings. The Emperor bestowed on Chenpan the title of Great Commandant-in-Chief for the Han. Chenxun, who was the son of his elder brother, was appointed Temporary Major of the Kingdom. In the fifth year (130), Chenpan sent his son to serve the Emperor and, along with envoys from Dayuan (Ferghana) and Suoju (Yarkand), brought tribute and offerings.<sup id="cite_ref-Hill2009_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill2009-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 43">: 43 </span></sup></p></blockquote> <p>From an earlier part of the same text comes the following addition: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In the first Yangjia year (132), Xu You sent the king of Shule (Kashgar), Chenpan, who with 20,000 men, attacked and defeated Yutian (Khotan). He beheaded several hundred people, and released his soldiers to plunder freely. He replaced the king [of Jumi] by installing Chengguo from the family of [the previous king] Xing, and then he returned.<sup id="cite_ref-Hill2009_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill2009-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 15">: 15 </span></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The first passage continues: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In the second Yangjia year (133), Chenpan again made offerings (including) a lion and zebu cattle. </p><p>Then, during Emperor Ling's reign, in the first Jianning year [168], the king of Shule (Kashgar) and Commandant-in-Chief for the Han (i.e. presumably Chenpan), was killed while hunting by the youngest of his paternal uncles, Hede. Hede named himself king. </p><p> In the third year (170), Meng Tuo, the Inspector of Liangzhou, sent the Provincial Officer Ren She, commanding five hundred soldiers from Dunhuang, with the Wuji Major Cao Kuan, and Chief Clerk of the Western Regions, Zhang Yan, brought troops from Yanqi (<a href="/wiki/Karashahr" class="mw-redirect" title="Karashahr">Karashahr</a>), Qiuci (Kucha), and the Nearer and Further States of Jushi (Turpan and Jimasa), altogether numbering more than 30,000, to punish Shule (Kashgar). They attacked the town of Zhenzhong [Arach − near Maralbashi] but, having stayed for more than forty days without being able to subdue it, they withdrew. Following this, the kings of Shule (Kashgar) killed one another repeatedly while the Imperial Government was unable to prevent it.<sup id="cite_ref-Hill2009_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill2009-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 43, 45">: 43, 45 </span></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Three_Kingdoms_to_the_Sui_dynasty">Three Kingdoms to the Sui dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Three Kingdoms to the Sui dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mural_with_Ban_Chao_%26_King_Yule_(Zhong)_of_Kashgar,_73_CE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Mural_with_Ban_Chao_%26_King_Yule_%28Zhong%29_of_Kashgar%2C_73_CE.jpg/170px-Mural_with_Ban_Chao_%26_King_Yule_%28Zhong%29_of_Kashgar%2C_73_CE.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Mural_with_Ban_Chao_%26_King_Yule_%28Zhong%29_of_Kashgar%2C_73_CE.jpg/255px-Mural_with_Ban_Chao_%26_King_Yule_%28Zhong%29_of_Kashgar%2C_73_CE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Mural_with_Ban_Chao_%26_King_Yule_%28Zhong%29_of_Kashgar%2C_73_CE.jpg/340px-Mural_with_Ban_Chao_%26_King_Yule_%28Zhong%29_of_Kashgar%2C_73_CE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="914" /></a><figcaption>Relief with <a href="/wiki/Ban_Chao" title="Ban Chao">Ban Chao</a> and King Yule (Zhong) of Kashgar in 73 <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a></figcaption></figure> <p>These centuries are marked by a general silence in sources on Kashgar and the Tarim Basin.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Weil%C3%BCe" title="Weilüe">Weilüe</a></i>, composed in the second third of the 3rd century, mentions a number of states as dependencies of Kashgar: the kingdom of Zhenzhong (Arach?), the kingdom of Suoju (Yarkand), the kingdom of Jieshi, the kingdom of Qusha, the kingdom of Xiye (Khargalik), the kingdom of Yinai (Tashkurghan), the kingdom of Manli (modern Karasul), the kingdom of Yire (Mazar − also known as Tágh Nák and Tokanak), the kingdom of Yuling, the kingdom of Juandu ('Tax Control' − near modern Irkeshtam), the kingdom of Xiuxiu ('Excellent Rest Stop' − near Karakavak), and the kingdom of Qin.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>However, much of the information on the Western Regions contained in the <i>Weilüe</i> seems to have ended roughly about (170), near the end of Han power. So, we cannot be sure that this is a reference to the state of affairs during the Cao Wei (220–265), or whether it refers to the situation before the civil war during the Later Han when China lost touch with most foreign countries and came to be divided into three separate kingdoms.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Chapter 30 of the <i><a href="/wiki/Records_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" title="Records of the Three Kingdoms">Records of the Three Kingdoms</a></i> says that after the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Wei Dynasty</a> (220) the states of the Western Regions did not arrive as before, except for the larger ones such as <a href="/wiki/Kucha" title="Kucha">Kucha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khotan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khotan">Khotan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kangju" title="Kangju">Kangju</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wusun" title="Wusun">Wusun</a>, Kashgar, <a href="/wiki/Yuezhi" title="Yuezhi">Yuezhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanshan" title="Shanshan">Shanshan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a>, who are said to have come to present tribute every year, as in Han times.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silk_Road_1992.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Silk_Road_1992.jpg/240px-Silk_Road_1992.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Silk_Road_1992.jpg/360px-Silk_Road_1992.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Silk_Road_1992.jpg/480px-Silk_Road_1992.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3599" data-file-height="2399" /></a><figcaption>Camels traversing the old <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a> in 1992</figcaption></figure> <p>In 270, four states from the Western Regions were said to have presented tribute: <a href="/wiki/Karashahr" class="mw-redirect" title="Karashahr">Karashahr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanshan" title="Shanshan">Shanshan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kucha" title="Kucha">Kucha</a>. Some wooden documents from <a href="/wiki/Niya_(Tarim_Basin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niya (Tarim Basin)">Niya</a> seem to indicate that contacts were also maintained with Kashgar and Khotan around this time.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 422, according to the <i>Songshu</i>, ch. 98, the king of Shanshan, Bilong, came to the court and "the thirty-six states in the Western Regions" all swore their allegiance and presented tribute. It must be assumed that these 36 states included Kashgar.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The "Songji" of the <a href="/wiki/Zizhi_Tongjian" title="Zizhi Tongjian">Zizhi Tongjian</a> records that in the 5th month of 435, nine states: Kucha, Kashgar, Wusun, Yueban, Tashkurghan, Shanshan, Karashahr, Turpan and Sute all came to the Wei court.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 439, Shanshan, Kashgar and Karashahr sent envoys to present tribute.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The kingdoms of Kucha, Kashgar, Wusun, Yueban, Tashkurghan, Shanshan, Karashahr, Turpan and Sute all began sending envoys to present tribute in the Taiyuan reign period (435–440).<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 453 Kashgar sent envoys to present tribute, and again in 455.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An embassy sent during the reign of Wencheng Di (452–466) from the king of Kashgar presented a supposed sacred relic of the Buddha; a dress which was incombustible. </p><p>In 507, Kashgar sent envoys in both the 9th and 10th months.<sup id="cite_ref-Weishu_ch8_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weishu_ch8-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 512, Kashgar sent envoys in the 1st and 5th months.<sup id="cite_ref-Weishu_ch8_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weishu_ch8-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early in the 6th century Kashgar is included among the many territories controlled by the Yeda or <a href="/wiki/Hephthalite" class="mw-redirect" title="Hephthalite">Hephthalite</a> Huns, but their empire collapsed at the onslaught of the Western Turks between 563 and 567 who then probably gained control over Kashgar and most of the states in the <a href="/wiki/Tarim_Basin" title="Tarim Basin">Tarim Basin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tang_dynasty">Tang dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Tang dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Kashgar" title="Special:EditPage/Kashgar">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Tang_campaigns_against_the_Western_Turks" title="Tang campaigns against the Western Turks">Tang campaigns against the Western Turks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tang_campaign_against_the_oasis_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Tang campaign against the oasis states">oasis states</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Western_Turks" title="Conquest of the Western Turks">Conquest of the Western Turks</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D%E7%96%86%E5%9F%9F%EF%BC%88%E7%B9%81%EF%BC%89.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D%E7%96%86%E5%9F%9F%EF%BC%88%E7%B9%81%EF%BC%89.png/220px-%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D%E7%96%86%E5%9F%9F%EF%BC%88%E7%B9%81%EF%BC%89.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D%E7%96%86%E5%9F%9F%EF%BC%88%E7%B9%81%EF%BC%89.png/330px-%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D%E7%96%86%E5%9F%9F%EF%BC%88%E7%B9%81%EF%BC%89.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D%E7%96%86%E5%9F%9F%EF%BC%88%E7%B9%81%EF%BC%89.png/440px-%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D%E7%96%86%E5%9F%9F%EF%BC%88%E7%B9%81%EF%BC%89.png 2x" data-file-width="1752" data-file-height="1245" /></a><figcaption>The Tang dynasty at its greatest extent, controlling large parts of Central Asia</figcaption></figure> <p>The founding of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> in 618 saw the beginning of a prolonged struggle between China and the Western Turks for control of the Tarim Basin. In 635, the <i><a href="/wiki/Old_Book_of_Tang" title="Old Book of Tang">Tang Annals</a></i> reported an emissary from the king of Kashgar to the Tang capital. In 639 there was a second emissary bringing products of Kashgar as a token of submission to the Tang state.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Buddhist scholar <a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Xuanzang</a> passed through Kashgar (which he referred to as <i>Kasha</i>) in 644 on his return journey from <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> to China. The Buddhist religion, then beginning to decay in India, was active in Kashgar. Xuanzang recorded that they flattened their babies heads, tattooed their bodies and had green eyes. He reported that Kashgar had abundant crops, fruits and flowers, wove fine woolen stuffs and rugs. Their writing system had been adapted from Indian script but their language was different from that of other countries. The inhabitants were sincere Buddhist adherents and there were some hundreds of monasteries with more than 10,000 followers, all members of the <a href="/wiki/Sarvastivadin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarvastivadin">Sarvastivadin</a> School.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>At around the same era, <a href="/wiki/Nestorian_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Nestorian Christians">Nestorian Christians</a> were establishing bishoprics at <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merv" title="Merv">Merv</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a>, whence they subsequently proceeded to Kashgar, and finally to <a href="/wiki/China_proper" title="China proper">China proper</a> itself. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kashgar-casco-viejo-d08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Kashgar-casco-viejo-d08.jpg/200px-Kashgar-casco-viejo-d08.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Kashgar-casco-viejo-d08.jpg/300px-Kashgar-casco-viejo-d08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Kashgar-casco-viejo-d08.jpg/400px-Kashgar-casco-viejo-d08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Mosque entrance in Kashgar Old City</figcaption></figure> <p>In 646, the Turkic Kagan asked for the hand of a Tang Chinese princess, and in return the Emperor promised Kucha, Khotan, Kashgar, Karashahr and Sarikol as a marriage gift, but this did not happen as planned. </p><p>In a series of campaigns between 652 and 658, with the help of the Uyghurs, the Chinese finally <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Western_Turks" title="Conquest of the Western Turks">defeated the Western Turk tribes</a> and took control of all their domains, including the Tarim Basin kingdoms. <a href="/wiki/Karakhoja" class="mw-redirect" title="Karakhoja">Karakhoja</a> was <a href="/wiki/Tang_campaign_against_Karakhoja" title="Tang campaign against Karakhoja">annexed in 640</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karashahr" class="mw-redirect" title="Karashahr">Karashahr</a> during campaigns <a href="/wiki/Tang_campaigns_against_Karasahr" title="Tang campaigns against Karasahr">in 644</a> and 648, and <a href="/wiki/Tang_campaign_against_Kucha" title="Tang campaign against Kucha">Kucha fell</a> in 648. </p><p>In 662 a rebellion broke out in the Western Regions and a Chinese army sent to control it was defeated by the <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibetans</a> south of Kashgar. </p><p>After another defeat of the Tang Chinese forces in 670, the Tibetans gained control of the whole region and completely subjugated Kashgar in 676-8 and retained possession of it until 692, when the Tang dynasty regained control of all their former territories, and retained it for the next fifty years. </p><p>In 722 Kashgar sent 4,000 troops to assist the Chinese to force the "Tibetans out of "Little Bolu" or <a href="/wiki/Gilgit,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilgit, Pakistan">Gilgit</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 728, the king of Kashgar was awarded a brevet by the Chinese emperor. </p><p>In 739, the <i>Tangshu</i> relates that the governor of the Chinese garrison in Kashgar, with the help of Ferghana, was interfering in the affairs of the <a href="/wiki/Turgesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Turgesh">Turgesh</a> tribes as far as <a href="/wiki/Taraz" title="Taraz">Talas</a>. </p><p>In 751 the Chinese were defeated by an Arab army in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talas" title="Battle of Talas">Battle of Talas</a>. The <a href="/wiki/An_Lushan_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="An Lushan Rebellion">An Lushan Rebellion</a> led to the decline of Tang influence in Central Asia due to the fact that the Tang dynasty was forced to withdraw its troops from the region to fight An Lushan. The Tibetans cut all communication between China and the West in 766.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Soon after the Chinese pilgrim monk <a href="/wiki/Wukong_(monk)" title="Wukong (monk)">Wukong</a> passed through Kashgar in 753. He again reached Kashgar on his return trip from India in 786 and mentions a Chinese deputy governor as well as the local king.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battles_with_Arab_Caliphate">Battles with Arab Caliphate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Battles with Arab Caliphate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks collapsible"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:88%; line-height:200%;"><span style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal; padding-left:28px;">Part of a <a href="/wiki/Category:Islamism_templates" title="Category:Islamism templates">series</a> on</span><br /><span style="font-size:200%;"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China" title="Islam in China">Islam in China</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.4em 0 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Xi%27an" title="Great Mosque of Xi'an"><img alt="Top of the Great Mosque of Xi'an" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Xian_Great_Mosque_07_%285458567815%29.jpg/210px-Xian_Great_Mosque_07_%285458567815%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Xian_Great_Mosque_07_%285458567815%29.jpg/315px-Xian_Great_Mosque_07_%285458567815%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Xian_Great_Mosque_07_%285458567815%29.jpg/420px-Xian_Great_Mosque_07_%285458567815%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_China" title="History of Islam in China">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="hlist"> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;margin-top:0.3em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;"> By <a href="/wiki/Dynasties_of_China" title="Dynasties of China">dynasty</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_during_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Islam during the Tang dynasty">Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_during_the_Song_dynasty" title="Islam during the Song dynasty">Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_during_the_Yuan_dynasty" title="Islam during the Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_during_the_Ming_dynasty" title="Islam during the Ming dynasty">Ming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_during_the_Qing_dynasty" title="Islam during the Qing dynasty">Qing</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;"> Rebellions and revolts</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jahriyya_revolt" title="Jahriyya revolt">Jahriyya revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panthay_Rebellion" title="Panthay Rebellion">Panthay Rebellion <span style="font-size:85%;">(1856–1873)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungan_Revolt_(1862%E2%80%931877)" title="Dungan Revolt (1862–1877)">First Dungan Revolt <span style="font-size:85%;">(1862–1877)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungan_Revolt_(1895%E2%80%931896)" title="Dungan Revolt (1895–1896)">Second Dungan Revolt <span style="font-size:85%;">(1895–1896)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afaqi_Khoja_revolts" title="Afaqi Khoja revolts">Afaqi Khoja revolts</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;"> Post-dynastic China</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China_(1912%E2%80%93present)" title="Islam in China (1912–present)">1912–<span style="font-size:85%;">present</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Muslims_in_the_Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Chinese Muslims in the Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia_in_China" title="Islamophobia in China">Islamophobia</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Major figures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afaq_Khoja" title="Afaq Khoja">Afaq Khoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_Wenxiu" title="Du Wenxiu">Du Wenxiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Dahai" title="Hu Dahai">Hu Dahai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Songshan" title="Hu Songshan">Hu Songshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasim_Tuet" title="Kasim Tuet">Kasim Tuet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhi_(scholar)" title="Liu Zhi (scholar)">Liu Zhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Anliang" title="Ma Anliang">Ma Anliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Bufang" title="Ma Bufang">Ma Bufang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Buqing" title="Ma Buqing">Ma Buqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Fuxiang" title="Ma Fuxiang">Ma Fuxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Gui_(general)" title="Ma Gui (general)">Ma Gui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Hualong" title="Ma Hualong">Ma Hualong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Laichi" title="Ma Laichi">Ma Laichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Mingxin" title="Ma Mingxin">Ma Mingxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Qixi" title="Ma Qixi">Ma Qixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Wanfu" title="Ma Wanfu">Ma Wanfu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Yize" title="Ma Yize">Ma Yize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Zhu" title="Ma Zhu">Ma Zhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajall_Shams_al-Din_Omar" title="Ajall Shams al-Din Omar">Shams al-Din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_fei-erh" title="Su fei-erh">Su fei-erh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeheidie%27erding" title="Yeheidie'erding">Yeheidie'erding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Ma_Dexin" title="Yusuf Ma Dexin">Yusuf Ma Dexin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Daiyu" title="Wang Daiyu">Wang Daiyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chengzhi" title="Zhang Chengzhi">Zhang Chengzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zheng_He" title="Zheng He">Zheng He</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Culture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Islamic_architecture" title="Chinese Islamic architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Islamic_cuisine" title="Chinese Islamic cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Uyghur_cuisine" title="Uyghur cuisine">Uyghur</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Kitab" title="Han Kitab">Han Kitab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_China" title="List of mosques in China">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongbei_(Islamic_architecture)" title="Gongbei (Islamic architecture)">Shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sini_(script)" title="Sini (script)">Sini script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhuan" title="Menhuan">Sufi orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Arabic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Arabic alphabet">Uyghur Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao%27erjing" title="Xiao'erjing">Xiao'erjing</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Association_of_China" title="Islamic Association of China">Islamic Association of China</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Cities</li><li>Regions</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Hong_Kong" title="Islam in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kashgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxia_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Linxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Macau" title="Islam in Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Sichuan" title="Islam in Sichuan">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xunhua_Salar_Autonomous_County" title="Xunhua Salar Autonomous County">Xunhua</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_China" title="Ahmadiyya in China">Ahmadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonan_people" title="Bonan people">Bonans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongxiang_people" title="Dongxiang people">Dongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Turk_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ili Turk people">Ili Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_China" title="Kazakhs in China">Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_China" title="Kyrgyz in China">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salar_people" title="Salar people">Salar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Tajiks" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Tajiks">Tajiks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Tatars" title="Chinese Tatars">Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Muslims" title="Tibetan Muslims">Tibetans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utsul" class="mw-redirect" title="Utsul">Utsul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks_in_China" title="Uzbeks in China">Uzbeks</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #21643d;padding-top:0.2em;border-bottom:1px solid #21643d;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a> • <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam_in_China" title="Template:Islam in China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islam_in_China" title="Template talk:Islam in China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islam_in_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islam in China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 711, the Arabs invaded Kashgar.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is alleged that <a href="/wiki/Qutayba_ibn_Muslim" title="Qutayba ibn Muslim">Qutayba ibn Muslim</a> in 712-715 had conquered Xinjiang.<sup id="cite_ref-Dillon2014_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dillon2014-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Broomhall1910_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Broomhall1910-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the Muslim religion from the very commencement sustained checks, it nevertheless made its weight felt upon the independent states of Turkestan to the north and east, and thus acquired a steadily growing influence. It was not, however, till the 10th century that Islam was established at Kashgar,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under the <a href="/wiki/Kara-Khanid_Khanate" title="Kara-Khanid Khanate">Kara-Khanid Khanate</a>. </p><p>The fall of Kashgar to Qutayba ibn Muslim is claimed as the <a href="/wiki/Islamicisation_and_Turkicisation_of_Xinjiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamicisation and Turkicisation of Xinjiang">start of Islam in the region</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Setmariam_Nasar" title="Mustafa Setmariam Nasar">Mustafa Setmariam Nasar</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by an article from Al-Qaeda branch <a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front" title="Al-Nusra Front">Al-Nusra Front</a>'s English language "Al-Risalah magazine" (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مجلة الرسالة</span></span>), second issue (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">العدد الثاني</span></span>), translated from English into Turkish by the "Doğu Türkistan Haber Ajansı" (East Turkestan News Agency) and titled Al Risale: "Türkistan Dağları" 1. Bölüm (The Message : "Turkistan Mountains" Part 2.)<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkic_rule">Turkic rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Turkic rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the 10th-century text <i><a href="/wiki/Hudud_al-%27alam" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudud al-'alam">Hudud al-'alam</a></i> "the chiefs of Kashghar in the days of old were from the <a href="/wiki/Karluks" title="Karluks">Qarluq</a>, or from the <a href="/wiki/Yagma" title="Yagma">Yaghma</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-anthology_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anthology-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Karluks, Yaghmas and other tribes such as the <a href="/wiki/Chigils" title="Chigils">Chigils</a> formed the <a href="/wiki/Karakhanids" class="mw-redirect" title="Karakhanids">Karakhanids</a>. The Karakhanid <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Satuq_Bughra_Khan" title="Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan">Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan</a> converted to Islam in the 10th century and captured Kashgar. Kashgar was the capital of the Karakhanid state for a time but later the capital was moved to <a href="/wiki/Balasaghun" class="mw-redirect" title="Balasaghun">Balasaghun</a>. During the latter part of the 10th century, the Muslim Karakhanids began a struggle against the Buddhist <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Khotan" title="Kingdom of Khotan">Kingdom of Khotan</a>, and the Khotanese defeated the Karakhanids and captured Kashgar in 970.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chinese sources recorded the king of Khotan offering to send them a dancing elephant captured from Kashgar.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in 1006, the Karakhanids of Kashgar under Yusuf Kadr Khan conquered <a href="/wiki/Khotan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khotan">Khotan</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Karakhanid Khanate however was beset with internal strife, and the khanate split into two, the Eastern and Western Karakhanid Khanates, with Kashgar falling within the domain of the Eastern Karakhanid state.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1089, the Western Karakhanids fell under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Seljuks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuks">Seljuks</a>, but the Eastern Karakhanids was for the most part independent.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Both the Karakhanid states were defeated in the 12th century by the <a href="/wiki/Kara-Khitan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kara-Khitan">Kara-Khitans</a> who captured Balasaghun, however Karakhanid rule continued in Kashgar under the <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a> of the Kara-Khitans.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kara-Khitan rulers followed a policy of religious tolerance, Islamic religious life continued uninterrupted and Kashgar was also a <a href="/wiki/Nestorian_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nestorian Christianity">Nestorian</a> <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_see" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan see">metropolitan see</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-khitay_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khitay-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last Karakhanid of Kashgar was killed in a revolt in 1211 by the city's notables. <a href="/wiki/Kuchlug" title="Kuchlug">Kuchlug</a>, a usurper of the throne of the Kara-Khitans, then attacked Kashgar which finally surrendered in 1214.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mongol_rule">Mongol rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mongol rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Kashgar" title="Special:EditPage/Kashgar">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moghulistan" title="Moghulistan">Moghulistan</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Kara-Khitai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kara-Khitai">Kara-Khitai</a> in their turn were swept away in 1219 by <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a>. After his death, Kashgar came under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khans" class="mw-redirect" title="Chagatai Khans">Chagatai Khans</a>. <a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a> visited the city, which he calls <i>Cascar</i>, about 1273-4 and recorded the presence of numerous <a href="/wiki/Nestorian_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Nestorian Christians">Nestorian Christians</a>, who had their own churches. Later In the 14th century, a Chagataid khan <a href="/wiki/Tughluq_Timur" class="mw-redirect" title="Tughluq Timur">Tughluq Timur</a> converted to Islam, and Islamic tradition began to reassert its ascendancy. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kashgar_road_scene,_1870s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Kashgar_road_scene%2C_1870s.jpg/310px-Kashgar_road_scene%2C_1870s.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Kashgar_road_scene%2C_1870s.jpg/465px-Kashgar_road_scene%2C_1870s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Kashgar_road_scene%2C_1870s.jpg/620px-Kashgar_road_scene%2C_1870s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1734" data-file-height="858" /></a><figcaption>Kashgar road scene, 1870s</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1389–1390 <a href="/wiki/Tamerlane" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamerlane">Tamerlane</a> ravaged Kashgar, <a href="/wiki/Andijan" title="Andijan">Andijan</a> and the intervening country. Kashgar endured a troubled time, and in 1514, on the invasion of the Khan <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Said_Khan" title="Sultan Said Khan">Sultan Said</a>, was destroyed by <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ababakar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirza Ababakar">Mirza Ababakar</a>, who with the aid of ten thousand men built a new fort with massive defences higher up on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Tuman_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuman river">Tuman river</a>. The dynasty of the Chagatai Khans collapsed in 1572 with the division of the country among rival factions; soon after, two powerful <a href="/wiki/Khoja_(Turkestan)" title="Khoja (Turkestan)">Khoja</a> factions, the White and Black Mountaineers (<a href="/wiki/Ak_Tagh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ak Tagh">Ak Taghliq</a> or Afaqi, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kara_Taghliq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kara Taghliq (page does not exist)">Kara Taghliq</a> or Ishaqi), arose whose differences and war-making gestures, with the intermittent episode of the <a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirats</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dzungaria" title="Dzungaria">Dzungaria</a>, make up much of recorded history in Kashgar until 1759. The <a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a> conquered Kashgar and set up the Khoja as their puppet rulers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qing_conquest">Qing conquest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Qing conquest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Kashgar" title="Special:EditPage/Kashgar">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Altishahr" title="Altishahr">Altishahr</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xinjiang_1759_-_16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Xinjiang_1759_-_16.jpg/220px-Xinjiang_1759_-_16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Xinjiang_1759_-_16.jpg/330px-Xinjiang_1759_-_16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Xinjiang_1759_-_16.jpg/440px-Xinjiang_1759_-_16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4527" data-file-height="3519" /></a><figcaption>Kashgar, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1759</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%BD%E6%9D%A5%E6%9C%9D%E5%9B%BE_Kashgar_(%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE)_delegates_in_Peking_in_1761.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%BD%E6%9D%A5%E6%9C%9D%E5%9B%BE_Kashgar_%28%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE%29_delegates_in_Peking_in_1761.jpg/220px-%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%BD%E6%9D%A5%E6%9C%9D%E5%9B%BE_Kashgar_%28%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE%29_delegates_in_Peking_in_1761.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%BD%E6%9D%A5%E6%9C%9D%E5%9B%BE_Kashgar_%28%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE%29_delegates_in_Peking_in_1761.jpg/330px-%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%BD%E6%9D%A5%E6%9C%9D%E5%9B%BE_Kashgar_%28%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE%29_delegates_in_Peking_in_1761.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%BD%E6%9D%A5%E6%9C%9D%E5%9B%BE_Kashgar_%28%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE%29_delegates_in_Peking_in_1761.jpg/440px-%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%BD%E6%9D%A5%E6%9C%9D%E5%9B%BE_Kashgar_%28%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE%29_delegates_in_Peking_in_1761.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1044" data-file-height="980" /></a><figcaption>Kashgar (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">喀什喀爾</span></span>) delegates in Peking (<a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>) in 1761. From <i><a href="/wiki/Ten_Thousand_Nations_Coming_to_Pay_Tribute" title="Ten Thousand Nations Coming to Pay Tribute">Ten Thousand Nations Coming to Pay Tribute</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> defeated the Dzungar Khanate during the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Great_Campaigns" title="Ten Great Campaigns">Ten Great Campaigns</a> and took control of Kashgar in 1759. The conquerors consolidated their authority by settling other ethnics emigrants in the vicinity of a <a href="/wiki/Manchu" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchu">Manchu</a> garrison. </p><p>Rumours flew around Central Asia that the Qing planned to launch expeditions towards <a href="/wiki/Transoxiana" title="Transoxiana">Transoxiana</a> and Samarkand, the chiefs of which sought assistance from the <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghan</a> king <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shah_Abdali" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Shah Abdali">Ahmed Shah Abdali</a>. The alleged expedition never happened so Ahmad Shah withdrew his forces from Kokand. He also dispatched an ambassador to <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> to discuss the situation of the <a href="/wiki/Khoja_(Turkestan)" title="Khoja (Turkestan)">Afaqi Khojas</a>, but the representative was not well received, and Ahmed Shah was too busy fighting off the <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a> to attempt to enforce his demands through arms. </p><p>The Qing continued to hold Kashgar with occasional interruptions during the <a href="/wiki/Afaqi_Khoja_revolts" title="Afaqi Khoja revolts">Afaqi Khoja revolts</a>. One of the most serious of these occurred in 1827, when the city was taken by <a href="/wiki/Jahanghir_Khoja" class="mw-redirect" title="Jahanghir Khoja">Jahanghir Khoja</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chang-lung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chang-lung (page does not exist)">Chang-lung</a>, however, the Qing general of Ili, regained possession of Kashgar and the other rebellious cities in 1828. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Kokand_Khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokand Khanate">Kokand Khanate</a> raided Kashgar several times. A revolt in 1829 under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahommed_Ali_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahommed Ali Khan (page does not exist)">Mahommed Ali Khan</a> and Yusuf, brother of Jahanghir resulted in the concession of several important trade privileges to the Muslims of the district of <a href="/wiki/Altishahr" title="Altishahr">Altishahr</a> (the "six cities"), as it was then called. </p><p>The area enjoyed relative calm until 1846 under the rule of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zahir-ud-din&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zahir-ud-din (page does not exist)">Zahir-ud-din</a>, the local Uyghur governor, but in that year a new <a href="/wiki/Khoja_(Turkestan)" title="Khoja (Turkestan)">Khoja</a> revolt under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kath_Tora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kath Tora (page does not exist)">Kath Tora</a> led to his accession as the authoritarian ruler of the city. However, his reign was brief—at the end of seventy-five days, on the approach of the Chinese, he fled back to <a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Kokand" title="Khanate of Kokand">Khokand</a> amid the jeers of the inhabitants. The last of the Khoja revolts (1857) was of about equal duration, and took place under <a href="/wiki/Wali_Khan_(khoja)" title="Wali Khan (khoja)">Wali-Khan</a>, who murdered the well-known traveller <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Schlagintweit" title="Adolf Schlagintweit">Adolf Schlagintweit</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dungan_Revolt">Dungan Revolt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Dungan Revolt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YakubBey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/YakubBey.jpg/200px-YakubBey.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/YakubBey.jpg/300px-YakubBey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/YakubBey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="334" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yakub_Beg,_Emir_of_Yettishar" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakub Beg, Emir of Yettishar">Yakub Beg, Emir of Yettishar</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Dungan_Revolt_(1862%E2%80%931877)" title="Dungan Revolt (1862–1877)">Dungan Revolt (1862–1877)</a> involved insurrection among various Muslim ethnic groups. It broke out in 1862 in <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a> then spread rapidly to <a href="/wiki/Dzungaria" title="Dzungaria">Dzungaria</a> and through the line of towns in the <a href="/wiki/Tarim_Basin" title="Tarim Basin">Tarim Basin</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dungan_people" title="Dungan people">Dungan</a> troops based in <a href="/wiki/Yarkent_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Yarkent County">Yarkand</a> rose and in August 1864 massacred some seven thousand Chinese and their Manchu commander. The inhabitants of Kashgar, rising in their turn against their masters, invoked the aid of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sadik_Beg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sadik Beg (page does not exist)">Sadik Beg</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a> chief, who was reinforced by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buzurg_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buzurg Khan (page does not exist)">Buzurg Khan</a>, the heir of <a href="/wiki/Jahanghir_Khoja" class="mw-redirect" title="Jahanghir Khoja">Jahanghir Khoja</a>, and his general <a href="/wiki/Yakub_Beg_of_Yettishar" title="Yakub Beg of Yettishar">Yakub Beg</a>. The latter men were dispatched at Sadik's request by the <a href="/wiki/Alimqul" title="Alimqul">ruler of Khokand</a> to raise what troops they could to aid his Muslim friends in Kashgar.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Sadik Beg soon repented of having asked for a Khoja, and eventually marched against Kashgar, which by this time had succumbed to Buzurg Khan and Yakub Beg, but was defeated and driven back to Khokand. Buzurg Khan delivered himself up to indolence and debauchery, but Yakub Beg, with singular energy and perseverance, seized control of Kashgar, <a href="/wiki/Yangihissar" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangihissar">Yangihissar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yarkent_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Yarkent County">Yarkand</a>, and four other towns, Buzurg Khan proving himself totally unfit for the post of ruler. Yakub Beg subsequently proclaimed himself emir of <a href="/wiki/Yettishar" title="Yettishar">Yettishar</a> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">the Seven Cities</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>With the overthrow of Chinese rule in 1865 by Yakub Beg, the manufacturing industries of Kashgar supposedly declined.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Yakub Beg entered into relations with the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empires</a>, and signed respective treaties with each. However, he failed to receive meaningful assistance from the two <a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">great powers</a> when he was in need of their support against the Qing.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kashgar and the other cities of the Tarim Basin remained under Yakub Beg's rule until May 1877, when he died in <a href="/wiki/Korla" title="Korla">Korla</a>. Thereafter Kashgaria was reconquered by the forces of the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a> general <a href="/wiki/Zuo_Zongtang" title="Zuo Zongtang">Zuo Zongtang</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Qing_reconquest_of_Xinjiang" title="Qing reconquest of Xinjiang">Qing reconquest of Xinjiang</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qing_rule">Qing rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Qing rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There were eras in Xinjiang's history where intermarriage was common, and "laxity" set upon Uyghur women led them to marry Chinese men in the period after Yakub Beg's rule ended. It is also believed by Uyghurs that some Uyghurs have Han Chinese ancestry from historical intermarriage, such as those living in <a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even though Muslim women are forbidden to marry non-Muslims in Islamic law, from 1880 to 1949 it was frequently violated in Xinjiang when Chinese men married Uyghur women. Because they were viewed as "outcast", Islamic cemeteries banned the Uyghur wives of Chinese men from being buried within them. Uyghur women got around this problem by giving shrines donations and buying a grave in other towns. Besides Chinese men, other men such as <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Badakhshan" title="Badakhshan">Badakhshanis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pamiri_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamiri people">Pamiris</a>) intermarried with local Uyghur women.<sup id="cite_ref-Bellér-Hann2008_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bellér-Hann2008-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 84">: 84 </span></sup> The local society accepted the Uyghur women and Chinese men's mixed offspring as their own people despite the marriages being in violation of Islamic law. </p><p>An anti-Russian uproar broke out when Russian customs officials, 3 Cossacks and a Russian courier invited local Uyghur prostitutes to a party in January 1902 in Kashgar. There was a general <a href="/wiki/Anti-Russian_sentiment" title="Anti-Russian sentiment">anti-Russian sentiment</a>, but the inflamed local Uyghur populace started a brawl with the Russians on the pretense of protecting their women. Even though morality was not strict in Kashgar, the local population confronted with the Russians before they were dispersed by guards, and the Chinese then sought to end tensions by preventing the Russians from building up a pretext to invade.<sup id="cite_ref-NightingaleSkrine2013_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NightingaleSkrine2013-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 124">: 124 </span></sup> </p><p>After the riot, the Russians sent troops to Sarikol in Tashkurghan and demanded that the Sarikol postal services be placed under Russian supervision. The locals of Sarikol believed that the Russians would seize the entire district from the Chinese and send more soldiers - even after the Russians tried to negotiate with the Begs of Sarikol and sway them to their side (they failed since the Sarikoli officials and authorities demanded in a petition to the Amban of Yarkand that they be evacuated to Yarkand to avoid being harassed by the Russians and objected to the Russian presence in Sarikol). The <a href="/wiki/Tajiks_of_Xinjiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajiks of Xinjiang">Sarikolis</a> did not believe the Russian claim that they would leave them alone and only involved themselves in the mail service.<sup id="cite_ref-NightingaleSkrine2013_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NightingaleSkrine2013-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 125">: 125 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1902, a <a href="/wiki/1902_Turkestan_earthquake" title="1902 Turkestan earthquake">magnitude 7.7 earthquake</a> caused up to 10,000 fatalities,<sup id="cite_ref-kepu_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kepu-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including 667 in Kashgar.<sup id="cite_ref-Wines_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wines-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ren02_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ren02-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earthquake was followed by a major <a href="/wiki/Aftershock" title="Aftershock">aftershock</a> a few days later, measuring M<sub>s</sub>  6.8.<sup id="cite_ref-centennial_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-centennial-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British Empire had a consulate from 1890 to 1948 in Kashgar. Though a British consulate, it was staffed and funded by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Political_Department" title="Indian Political Department">Indian Political Department</a> of <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a>. The consulate was not fully recognised by the Qing until 1908. It was upgraded to a consulate-general in 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic_of_China_(1913–1933)"><span id="Republic_of_China_.281913.E2.80.931933.29"></span>Republic of China (1913–1933)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Republic of China (1913–1933)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_City_of_Kashgar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/The_City_of_Kashgar.jpg/220px-The_City_of_Kashgar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/The_City_of_Kashgar.jpg/330px-The_City_of_Kashgar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/The_City_of_Kashgar.jpg/440px-The_City_of_Kashgar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4184" data-file-height="2776" /></a><figcaption>Kashgar in 1915</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kashgari_Musicians.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Kashgari_Musicians.jpg/220px-Kashgari_Musicians.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Kashgari_Musicians.jpg/330px-Kashgari_Musicians.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Kashgari_Musicians.jpg/440px-Kashgari_Musicians.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4196" data-file-height="2752" /></a><figcaption>Uyghur musicians in Kashgar, 1915</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_East_Turkestan_Republic">First East Turkestan Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: First East Turkestan Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kashgar was the scene of continual battles from 1933 to 1934. <a href="/wiki/Ma_Shaowu" title="Ma Shaowu">Ma Shaowu</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Chinese Muslim</a>, was the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tao-yin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tao-yin (page does not exist)">Tao-yin</a> of Kashgar, and he fought against Uyghur rebels. He was joined by another Chinese Muslim general, <a href="/wiki/Ma_Zhancang" title="Ma Zhancang">Ma Zhancang</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Battle_of_Kashgar_(1933)"><span id="Battle_of_Kashgar_.281933.29"></span>Battle of Kashgar (1933)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Battle of Kashgar (1933)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kashgar_(1933)" title="Battle of Kashgar (1933)">Battle of Kashgar (1933)</a></div> <p>Uyghur and Kyrgyz forces, led by the Bughra brothers and <a href="/wiki/Tawfiq_Bay" title="Tawfiq Bay">Tawfiq Bay</a>, attempted to take the New City of Kashgar from Chinese Muslim troops under General <a href="/wiki/Ma_Zhancang" title="Ma Zhancang">Ma Zhancang</a>. They were defeated.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Tawfiq Bey, a Syrian Arab traveller, who held the title <i>Sayyid</i> (descendant of <a href="/wiki/Muhammed" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammed">Muhammed</a>) and arrived at Kashgar on 26 August 1933, was shot in the stomach by the Chinese Muslim troops in September. Previously Ma Zhancang arranged to have the Uyghur leader <a href="/wiki/Timur_Beg" title="Timur Beg">Timur Beg</a> killed and beheaded on 9 August 1933, displaying his head outside of <a href="/wiki/Id_Kah_Mosque" title="Id Kah Mosque">Id Kah Mosque</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> troops commanded by Brigadier Yang were absorbed into <a href="/wiki/Ma_Zhancang" title="Ma Zhancang">Ma Zhancang</a>'s army. A number of Han Chinese officers were spotted wearing the green uniforms of Ma Zhancang's unit of the 36th division; presumably they had converted to Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Battle_of_Kashgar_(1934)"><span id="Battle_of_Kashgar_.281934.29"></span>Battle of Kashgar (1934)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Battle of Kashgar (1934)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kashgar_(1934)" title="Battle of Kashgar (1934)">Battle of Kashgar (1934)</a></div> <p>The 36th division General <a href="/wiki/Ma_Fuyuan" title="Ma Fuyuan">Ma Fuyuan</a> led a <a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Chinese Muslim</a> army to storm Kashgar on 6 February 1934, attacking the <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Uyghur people">Uyghur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a> rebels of the <a href="/wiki/First_East_Turkestan_Republic" title="First East Turkestan Republic">First East Turkestan Republic</a>. He freed another 36th division general, <a href="/wiki/Ma_Zhancang" title="Ma Zhancang">Ma Zhancang</a>, who was trapped with his <a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Chinese Muslim</a> and Han Chinese troops in Kashgar New City by the <a href="/wiki/Uighurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Uighurs">Uyghurs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a> since 22 May 1933. In January 1934, Ma Zhancang's Chinese Muslim troops repulsed six Uyghur attacks, launched by <a href="/wiki/Hoja-Niyaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoja-Niyaz">Khoja Niyaz</a>, who arrived at the city on 13 January 1934, inflicting massive casualties on the Uyghur forces.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2,000 to 8,000 Uyghur civilians in Kashgar Old City were massacred by Tungans in February 1934, in revenge for the <a href="/wiki/Kizil_massacre" title="Kizil massacre">Kizil massacre</a>, after retreating of Uyghur forces from the city to <a href="/wiki/Yengisar_County" title="Yengisar County">Yengi Hisar</a>. The Chinese Muslim and 36th division Chief General <a href="/wiki/Ma_Zhongying" title="Ma Zhongying">Ma Zhongying</a>, who arrived at Kashgar on 7 April 1934, gave a speech at <a href="/wiki/Id_Kah_Mosque" title="Id Kah Mosque">Id Kah Mosque</a> in April, reminding the Uyghurs to be loyal to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> government at <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>. Several British citizens at the British consulate were killed or wounded by the 36th division on 16 March 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic_of_China_(1934–1949)"><span id="Republic_of_China_.281934.E2.80.931949.29"></span>Republic of China (1934–1949)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Republic of China (1934–1949)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People's_Republic_of_China"><span id="People.27s_Republic_of_China"></span>People's Republic of China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: People's Republic of China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-POV plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-POV" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutrality</a> of this section is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV_dispute" title="Wikipedia:NPOV dispute">disputed</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Kashgar##" title="Talk:Kashgar">talk page</a>. Please do not remove this message until <a href="/wiki/Template:POV#When_to_remove" title="Template:POV">conditions to do so are met</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kashgar_(23968353536).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Kashgar_%2823968353536%29.jpg/220px-Kashgar_%2823968353536%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Kashgar_%2823968353536%29.jpg/330px-Kashgar_%2823968353536%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Kashgar_%2823968353536%29.jpg/440px-Kashgar_%2823968353536%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Park_(Kashgar)" title="People's Park (Kashgar)">People's Park</a> in the centre of Kashgar, during celebrations of the 60th anniversary of the establishment of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region</figcaption></figure> <p>On 31 October 1981, an incident occurred in the city due to a dispute between Uyghurs and Han Chinese in which three were killed. The incident was quelled by an army unit.<sup id="cite_ref-terzani_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-terzani-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1986, the Chinese government designated Kashgar a "city of historical and cultural significance".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Kashgar and surrounding regions have been the site of Uyghur unrest since the 1990s. In 2008, two Uyghur men <a href="/wiki/2008_Kashgar_attack" title="2008 Kashgar attack">carried out a vehicular, IED and knife attack</a> against police officers.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, development of Kashgar's old town accelerated after the revelations of the deadly role of faulty architecture during the <a href="/wiki/2008_Sichuan_earthquake" title="2008 Sichuan earthquake">2008 Sichuan earthquake</a>. Many of the old houses in the old town were built without regulation, and as a result, officials found them to be overcrowded and non-compliant with fire and earthquake codes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> When the plan started, 42 per cent of the city's residents lived in the old town. As the plan was undertaken, residents have been removed from their homes in order to demolish large sections of the old city and replace these areas with new developments.<sup id="cite_ref-Fan_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fan-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> issued a <a href="/wiki/Resolution_(law)" title="Resolution (law)">resolution</a> in 2011 calling for "culture-sensitive methods of renovation."<sup id="cite_ref-europarl.europa.eu_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-europarl.europa.eu-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The International Scientific Committee on Earthen Architectural Heritage (ISCEAH) has expressed concern over the demolition and reconstruction of historic buildings. ISCEAH has, additionally, urged the implementation of techniques utilised elsewhere in the world to address earthquake vulnerability.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/July_2009_%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi_riots" title="July 2009 Ürümqi riots">July 2009 Ürümqi riots</a>, the government focused on local economic development in an attempt to ameliorate ethnic tensions in the greater Xinjiang region.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kashgar was made into a <a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zone_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Special economic zone of the People's Republic of China">Special Economic Zone</a> in 2010, the first such zone in China's far west. In 2011, a <a href="/wiki/2011_Kashgar_attacks" title="2011 Kashgar attacks">series of attacks</a> including bombings by the <a href="/wiki/Turkistan_Islamic_Party" title="Turkistan Islamic Party">Turkistan Islamic Party</a> killed dozens of people.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By May 2012, two-thirds of the old city had been demolished. According to the Chinese government, demolition and rebuilding was necessary because houses in the old city were "extremely vulnerable to earthquakes and fire"; the <a href="/wiki/2003_Bachu_earthquake" title="2003 Bachu earthquake">2003 Bachu earthquake</a> had destroyed thousands of buildings in the region. Some critics disputed the vulnerability of old city buildings to earthquakes and said the rebuilding was done partially in order to fulfill the political goal of eroding Uyghur culture. Over the last two decades, similar demolition of historic architecture followed by their replacement by more commercialized properties have also been ongoing in the rest of China, often with inadequate consultation of local residents.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Human_Rights_Project" title="Uyghur Human Rights Project">Uyghur Human Rights Project</a> have called the destruction of the old city part of a campaign of <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">cultural genocide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2014, the Imam of the Id Kah Mosque, Juma Tayir, <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Juma_Tayir" title="Assassination of Juma Tayir">was assassinated in Kashgar</a> by Uyghur extremists.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 October 2014, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aqqash_Township&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aqqash Township (page does not exist)">Aqqash Township</a> (Akekashi) was transferred from <a href="/wiki/Shufu_County" title="Shufu County">Shufu County</a> to Kashgar.<sup id="cite_ref-xzqhkonaxahar_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xzqhkonaxahar-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kashgar features a <a href="/wiki/Desert_climate" title="Desert climate">desert climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>BWk</i>) with hot summers and cold winters, with large temperature differences between those two seasons: The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −4.8 °C (23.4 °F) in January to 25.6 °C (78.1 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 12.28 °C (54.1 °F). Spring is long and arrives quickly, while autumn is somewhat brief in comparison. Kashgar is one of the driest cities on the planet, averaging only 71.4 mm (2.81 in) of precipitation per year. The city's wettest month, May, only sees on average 11.2 mm (0.44 in) of rain. Because of the extremely arid conditions, snowfall is rare, despite the cold winters. Records have been as low as −24.4 °C (−12 °F) in January and up to 40.1 °C (104.2 °F) in July. The frost-free period averages 215 days. With monthly per cent possible sunshine ranging from 50 per cent in March to 70 per cent in September, the city receives 2,726 hours of bright sunshine annually. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Kashgar, elevation 1,386 m (4,547 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951-present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2<br />(84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1<br />(93.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5<br />(94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.2<br />(100.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF0900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.1<br />(104.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.2<br />(102.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0900; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.1<br />(104.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(32.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7<br />(87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1<br />(35.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.2<br />(22.6) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4<br />(32.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.8<br />(27.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.9<br />(14.2) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.7<br />(23.5) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(43.7) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.9<br />(19.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.7<br />(44.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−24.4<br />(−11.9) </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−21.8<br />(−7.2) </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10<br />(14) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.6<br />(25.5) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.8<br />(25.2) </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.1<br />(12.0) </td> <td style="background: #7373FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−21.4<br />(−6.5) </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−24.4<br />(−11.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(0.13) </td> <td style="background: #F4FFF4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(0.24) </td> <td style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7<br />(0.22) </td> <td style="background: #F5FFF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(0.25) </td> <td style="background: #EAFFEA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(0.55) </td> <td style="background: #F0FFF0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(0.37) </td> <td style="background: #EEFFEE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(0.43) </td> <td style="background: #EEFFEE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(0.45) </td> <td style="background: #F2FFF2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(0.31) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(0.19) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(0.11) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7<br />(0.11) </td> <td style="background: #F4FFF4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">85.2<br />(3.36) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2 </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7 </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">36.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #4B4BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #3B3BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">49 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">159.3 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">168.6 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">201.3 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">233.2 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA01; color:#000000;" class="notheme">281.3 </td> <td style="background: #F4F41A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">316.8 </td> <td style="background: #F4F41A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">328.2 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">303.6 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">265.4 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">250.4 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">201.4 </td> <td style="background: #C5C505; color:#000000;" class="notheme">153.1 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,862.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF53; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF68; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF6C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">64 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a><sup id="cite_ref-cma_graphical_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cma_graphical-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CMA_old_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMA_old-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kashgar includes 8 <a href="/wiki/Subdistrict_(China)" title="Subdistrict (China)">subdistricts</a> (<span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">كوچا باشقارمىسى</span></span> / <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">街道</span></span>), 2 <a href="/wiki/Town_(China)" title="Town (China)">towns</a> (<span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">بازىرى</span></span> / <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">镇</span></span>), and 9 <a href="/wiki/Township_(China)" title="Township (China)">townships</a> (<span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">يېزىسى</span></span> / <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">乡</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-xzqhkashgar_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xzqhkashgar-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-statskashgar_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statskashgar-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-govkashgar_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govkashgar-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" align="center" style="width:50%; border="> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Simplified Chinese </th> <th>Hanyu Pinyin </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a> (<a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Arabic_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Uyghur Arabic script">UEY</a>) </th> <th>Uyghur Latin (<a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Latin_alphabet" title="Uyghur Latin alphabet">ULY</a>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Administrative_division_codes_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China">Administrative division code</a> </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"><b>Subdistricts</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chasa_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chasa Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Chasa Subdistrict</a><br />(Qiasa Subdistrict) </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">恰萨街道</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Qiàsà Jiēdào</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">چاسا كوچا باشقارمىسى</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><i lang="ug-Latn">Chasa kocha bashqarmisi</i></span> </td> <td>653101001 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yawagh_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yawagh Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Yawagh Subdistrict</a><br />(Yawage Subdistrict) </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">亚瓦格街道</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Yàwǎgé Jiēdào</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ياۋاغ كوچا باشقارمىسى</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><i lang="ug-Latn">Yawagh kocha bashqarmisi</i></span> </td> <td>653101002 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96steng_Boyi_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Östeng Boyi Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Östeng Boyi Subdistrict</a><br />(Wusitangboyi Subdistrict) </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">吾斯塘博依街道</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Wúsītángbóyī Jiēdào</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ئۆستەڭ بويى كوچا باشقارمىسى</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><i lang="ug-Latn">Östeng boyi kocha bashqarmisi</i></span> </td> <td>653101003 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qum_Derwaza_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qum Derwaza Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Qum Derwaza Subdistrict</a><br />(Kumudai'erwazha Subdistrict) </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">库木代尔瓦扎街道</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Kùmùdài'ěrwǎzhā Jiēdào</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">قۇم دەرۋازا كوچا باشقارمىسى</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><i lang="ug-Latn">Qum derwaza kocha bashqarmisi</i></span> </td> <td>653101004 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gherbiz_Yurt_Avenue_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gherbiz Yurt Avenue Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Gherbiz Yurt Avenue Subdistrict</a><br />(Xiyu Dadao Subdistrict) </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">西域大道街道</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Xīyùdàdào Jiēdào</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">غەربىي يۇرت يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><i lang="ug-Latn">Gherbiy yurt yoli kocha bashqarmisi</i></span> </td> <td>653101005 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sherqiy_K%C3%B6l_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sherqiy Köl Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Sherqiy Köl Subdistrict</a><br />(Donghu Subdistrict) </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">东湖街道</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Dōnghú Jiēdào</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">شەرقىي كۆل كوچا باشقارمىسى</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><i lang="ug-Latn">Sherqiy köl kocha bashqarmisi</i></span> </td> <td>653101006 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merhaba_Avenue_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merhaba Avenue Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Merhaba Avenue Subdistrict</a><br />(Yingbin Dadao Subdistrict) </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">迎宾大道街道</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Yíngbīndàdào Jiēdào</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">مەرھابا يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><i lang="ug-Latn">Merhaba yoli kocha bashqarmisi</i></span> </td> <td>653101007 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gherbiz_Baghcha_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gherbiz Baghcha Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Gherbiz Baghcha Subdistrict</a><br />(Xigongyuan Subdistrict) </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">西公园街道</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Xīgōngyuán Jiēdào</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">غەربىي باغچا كوچا باشقارمىسى</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><i lang="ug-Latn">Gherbiy baghcha kocha bashqarmisi</i></span> </td> <td>653101008 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"><b>Towns</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nezerbagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nezerbagh (page does not exist)">Nezerbagh Town</a><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(Naize'er Bage Town<sup id="cite_ref-GNISnezerbagh_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GNISnezerbagh-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">乃则尔巴格镇</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Nǎizé'ěrbāgé Zhèn</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">نەزەرباغ بازىرى</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><i lang="ug-Latn">Nezerbagh baziri</i></span> </td> <td>653101100 </td> <td>formerly Nezerbagh Township (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">乃则尔巴格乡</span></span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamalbagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shamalbagh (page does not exist)">Shamalbagh Town</a><br />(Xiamalebage Town) </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">夏马勒巴格镇</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Xiāmǎlèbāgé Zhèn</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">شامالباغ بازىرى</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><i lang="ug-Latn">Shamalbagh baziri</i></span> </td> <td>653101101 </td> <td>formerly Shamalbagh Township (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">夏马勒巴格乡</span></span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"><b>Townships</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%B6letbagh_Township&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Döletbagh Township (page does not exist)">Döletbagh Township</a><br />(Duolaitebage Township) </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">多来特巴格乡</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Duōláitèbāgé Xiāng</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">دۆلەتباغ يېزىسى</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><i lang="ug-Latn">Döletbagh yëzisi</i></span> </td> <td>653101202 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qoghan_Township&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qoghan Township (page does not exist)">Qoghan Township</a><br />(Haohan Township) </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">浩罕乡</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Hàohǎn Xiāng</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">قوغان يېزىسى</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><i lang="ug-Latn">Qoghan yëzisi</i></span> </td> <td>653101203 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semen_Township&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semen Township (page does not exist)">Semen Township</a><br />(Seman Township) </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">色满乡</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Sèmǎn Xiāng</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">سەمەن يېزىسى</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><i lang="ug-Latn">Semen yëzisi</i></span> </td> <td>653101204 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xangdi_Township&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xangdi Township (page does not exist)">Xangdi Township</a><br />(Huangdi Township) </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">荒地乡</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Huāngdì Xiāng</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">خاڭدى يېزىسى</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><i lang="ug-Latn">Xangdi yëzisi</i></span> </td> <td>653101205 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paxtekle_Township&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paxtekle Township (page does not exist)">Paxtekle Township</a><br />(Pahataikeli Township) </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">帕哈太克里乡</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Pàhātàikèlǐ Xiāng</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">پاختەكلە يېزىسى</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><i lang="ug-Latn">Paxtekle yëzisi</i></span> </td> <td>653101206 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beshk%C3%ABrem_Township&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beshkërem Township (page does not exist)">Beshkërem Township</a><br />(Baishikeranmu Township) </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">伯什克然木乡</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Bóshíkèránmù Xiāng</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">بەشكېرەم يېزىسى</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><i lang="ug-Latn">Beshkërem yëzisi</i></span> </td> <td>653101207 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Awat,_Kashgar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Awat, Kashgar (page does not exist)">Awat Township</a><br />(Awati Township) </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">阿瓦提乡</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Āwǎtí Xiāng</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ئاۋات يېزىسى</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><i lang="ug-Latn">Awat yëzisi</i></span> </td> <td>653101208 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C3%ABngi%27%C3%B6steng,_Kashgar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yëngi'östeng, Kashgar (page does not exist)">Yëngi'östeng Township</a><br />(Yingwusitan Township) </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">英吾斯坦乡</span></span><br />(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">英吾斯塘乡</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Yīngwúsītǎn Xiāng</i></span><br />(<span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Yīngwúsītáng Xiāng</i></span>) </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">يېڭىئۆستەڭ يېزىسى</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><i lang="ug-Latn">Yëngi'östeng yëzisi</i></span> </td> <td>653101209 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aqqash_Township&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aqqash Township (page does not exist)">Aqqash Township</a><br />(Akekashi Township) </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">阿克喀什乡</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Ākèkāshí Xiāng</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ئاققاش يېزىسى</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><i lang="ug-Latn">Aqqash yëzisi</i></span> </td> <td>653101210 </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:none"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Ethnic breakdown of Kashgar (2018)</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Nationality</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percentage</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Uyghur people">Uyghurs</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:85.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">85.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:13.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">13.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:gold; width:0.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:turquoise; width:0.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:grey; width:0.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.3%</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="5" style="padding:5px; text-align:left;">Source:<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>Kashgar is predominantly populated by <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslim</a> <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a>. Compared to <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>'s capital and largest city, Kashgar is less industrial and has significantly fewer <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> residents. In 1998, the urban population of Kashgar was recorded as 311,141, with 81 per cent Uyghurs and 18 per cent Han Chinese.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999, 81.24 per cent of the population of Kashgar (Kashi) city was Uyghur and 17.87 per cent of the population was Han Chinese.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2000 census, the population of the city of Kashgar was given as 340,640. In the 2010 census, this number increased to 506,640. Some of the increase is due to boundary changes and the number may include some rural population.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2015 census, 534,848 of the 628,302 residents of the county were <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghur</a>, 88,583 were <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> and 66,131 were from other ethnic groups.<sup id="cite_ref-xjtj.gov.cn_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xjtj.gov.cn-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kashgar_Sunday_Market">Kashgar Sunday Market</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Kashgar Sunday Market"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:September_20_2015_Sunday_Market_Kashgar_Xinjiang_China_%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86_%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80_%E6%B4%BB%E7%95%9C%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/September_20_2015_Sunday_Market_Kashgar_Xinjiang_China_%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86_%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80_%E6%B4%BB%E7%95%9C%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-September_20_2015_Sunday_Market_Kashgar_Xinjiang_China_%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86_%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80_%E6%B4%BB%E7%95%9C%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/September_20_2015_Sunday_Market_Kashgar_Xinjiang_China_%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86_%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80_%E6%B4%BB%E7%95%9C%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-September_20_2015_Sunday_Market_Kashgar_Xinjiang_China_%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86_%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80_%E6%B4%BB%E7%95%9C%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/September_20_2015_Sunday_Market_Kashgar_Xinjiang_China_%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86_%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80_%E6%B4%BB%E7%95%9C%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-September_20_2015_Sunday_Market_Kashgar_Xinjiang_China_%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86_%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80_%E6%B4%BB%E7%95%9C%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Entrance to the Kashgar Sunday Market</figcaption></figure> <p>The Kashgar Sunday Market (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">中西亚市场</span>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'Central–Western Asia market'; <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a>: <span lang="ug" dir="rtl">يەكشەنبە بازار</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Sunday bazaar') is the largest market in <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> and an important part of the city's local economy. It is held every Sunday and boasts an attendance of a hundred thousand at peak hours. It is a meeting place of Kashgar's farmers, ranchers, artisans, and merchants, most of whom arrive by donkey cart. Farmers from the surrounding fertile lands come to the market to sell a wide variety of fruits and vegetables. Ranchers parade their livestock and offer their horses for test rides. Artisans sell their handmade crafts such as knives, pans, teapots, and jewellery boxes. Traditional carpets and clothing are also popular among tourists. A hot commodity at the market is <a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">saffron</a> from <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, which is worth three times more than the local value of gold.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_economic_zone">Special economic zone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Special economic zone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chinese government designated Kashgar as the sixth <a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">special economic zone of China</a> in May 2010, in hopes that it would encourage foreign investment in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critics, however, questioned the government's decision to choose Kashgar, citing the city's undesirable location and the predominance of agriculture in the local economy rather than heavy industry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChouDing2015118_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChouDing2015118-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, scholars Bill Chou and Xuejie Ding note that Kashgar is unattractive to both domestic and foreign investors because it is thousands of kilometres away from China's major commercial hubs and borders developing countries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChouDing2015118_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChouDing2015118-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wider Kashgar Prefecture is also one of Xinjiang's poorest and least developed prefecture-level divisions, having the third-lowest GDP per capita among them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChouDing2015120_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChouDing2015120-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_sites">Notable sites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notable sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Id_Kah_Mosque_(39712811190).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Id Kah Mosque"><img alt="Id Kah Mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Id_Kah_Mosque_%2839712811190%29.jpg/180px-Id_Kah_Mosque_%2839712811190%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Id_Kah_Mosque_%2839712811190%29.jpg/270px-Id_Kah_Mosque_%2839712811190%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Id_Kah_Mosque_%2839712811190%29.jpg/360px-Id_Kah_Mosque_%2839712811190%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Id_Kah_Mosque" title="Id Kah Mosque">Id Kah Mosque</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abakh_Hoja_Mazar_(40929679044).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Afaq Khoja Mausoleum"><img alt="Afaq Khoja Mausoleum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Abakh_Hoja_Mazar_%2840929679044%29.jpg/180px-Abakh_Hoja_Mazar_%2840929679044%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Abakh_Hoja_Mazar_%2840929679044%29.jpg/270px-Abakh_Hoja_Mazar_%2840929679044%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Abakh_Hoja_Mazar_%2840929679044%29.jpg/360px-Abakh_Hoja_Mazar_%2840929679044%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Afaq_Khoja_Mausoleum" title="Afaq Khoja Mausoleum">Afaq Khoja Mausoleum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mao_statue_in_Kashgar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue of Mao Zedong in People's Park"><img alt="Statue of Mao Zedong in People's Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mao_statue_in_Kashgar.jpg/180px-Mao_statue_in_Kashgar.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mao_statue_in_Kashgar.jpg/270px-Mao_statue_in_Kashgar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mao_statue_in_Kashgar.jpg/360px-Mao_statue_in_Kashgar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Statue of <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> in <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Park_(Kashgar)" title="People's Park (Kashgar)">People's Park</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:September_20_2015_Sunday_Market_Kashgar_Xinjiang_China_%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86_%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80_%E6%B4%BB%E7%95%9C%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4_-_panoramio_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kashgar Sunday Market"><img alt="Kashgar Sunday Market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/September_20_2015_Sunday_Market_Kashgar_Xinjiang_China_%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86_%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80_%E6%B4%BB%E7%95%9C%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/180px-September_20_2015_Sunday_Market_Kashgar_Xinjiang_China_%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86_%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80_%E6%B4%BB%E7%95%9C%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/September_20_2015_Sunday_Market_Kashgar_Xinjiang_China_%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86_%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80_%E6%B4%BB%E7%95%9C%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/270px-September_20_2015_Sunday_Market_Kashgar_Xinjiang_China_%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86_%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80_%E6%B4%BB%E7%95%9C%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/September_20_2015_Sunday_Market_Kashgar_Xinjiang_China_%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86_%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80_%E6%B4%BB%E7%95%9C%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/360px-September_20_2015_Sunday_Market_Kashgar_Xinjiang_China_%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86_%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80_%E6%B4%BB%E7%95%9C%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kashgar Sunday Market</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <ul><li>Kashgar Old City, before its demolition and reconstruction, had been described as "the best-preserved example of a traditional Islamic city to be found anywhere in <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was estimated to attract more than one million tourists annually.<sup id="cite_ref-WinesNYT_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WinesNYT-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Id_Kah_Mosque" title="Id Kah Mosque">Id Kah Mosque</a>, the largest mosque in China, is located in the heart of the city.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afaq_Khoja_Mausoleum" title="Afaq Khoja Mausoleum">Afaq Khoja Mausoleum</a> is the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Afaq_Khoja" title="Afaq Khoja">Afaq Khoja</a> and one of the holiest Muslim sites in Xinjiang. Built in the 17th century, the tiled mausoleum 5 km (3.1 mi) northeast of the city centre also contains the tombs of five generations of his family. Abakh was a powerful ruler, controlling <a href="/wiki/Khotan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khotan">Khotan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yarkent_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Yarkent County">Yarkand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korla" title="Korla">Korla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kucha" title="Kucha">Kucha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aksu,_Xinjiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Aksu, Xinjiang">Aksu</a> as well as Kashgar. Among some Uyghur Muslims, he was considered a great saint (Aulia).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Park_(Kashgar)" title="People's Park (Kashgar)">People's Park</a> is the main public park in Kashgar, located in the city's centre. <ul><li>The 18 m (59 ft) tall statue of <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> in People's Park is one of the few large-scale statues of Mao remaining in China.</li></ul></li> <li>The Kashgar Sunday Market is renowned as the biggest market in central Asia; a pivotal trading point along the Silk Road where goods have been traded for more than 2,000 years. The market is open every day but Sunday is the largest.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kashgarairport2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Kashgarairport2.JPG/220px-Kashgarairport2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Kashgarairport2.JPG/330px-Kashgarairport2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Kashgarairport2.JPG/440px-Kashgarairport2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3260" data-file-height="1984" /></a><figcaption>Kashgar Airport</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kashgar_Railway_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Kashgar_Railway_Station.jpg/220px-Kashgar_Railway_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Kashgar_Railway_Station.jpg/330px-Kashgar_Railway_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Kashgar_Railway_Station.jpg/440px-Kashgar_Railway_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1089" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kashgar_railway_station" title="Kashgar railway station">Kashgar railway station</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kashi_Laining_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashi Laining International Airport">Kashi Laining International Airport</a> serves mainly domestic flights, the majority of them from <a href="/wiki/Urumqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Urumqi">Urumqi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kashgar has the westernmost railway station in China.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is connected to the rest of China's rail network via the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Xinjiang_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Xinjiang Railway">Southern Xinjiang Railway</a>, which was built in December 1999. <a href="/wiki/Kashgar%E2%80%93Hotan_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashgar–Hotan Railway">Kashgar–Hotan Railway</a> opened for passenger traffic in June 2011, and connected Kashgar with cities in the southern <a href="/wiki/Tarim_Basin" title="Tarim Basin">Tarim Basin</a> including <a href="/wiki/Shache" class="mw-redirect" title="Shache">Shache (Yarkand)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kargilik_Town" title="Kargilik Town">Yecheng (Kargilik)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hotan" title="Hotan">Hotan</a>. Travel time to <a href="/wiki/Urumqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Urumqi">Urumqi</a> from Kashgar is approximately 25 hours, while travel time to Hotan is approximately ten hours. </p><p>The investigation work of a further extension of the railway line to <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> has begun. In November 2009, Pakistan and China agreed to set up a joint venture to do a feasibility study of the proposed rail link via the <a href="/wiki/Khunjerab_Pass" title="Khunjerab Pass">Khunjerab Pass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Proposals for a rail connection to <a href="/wiki/Osh" title="Osh">Osh</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> have also been discussed at various levels since at least 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, a <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a> railway from Kashgar via Tajikistan and Afghanistan to Iran and beyond was proposed.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Karakorum_highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Karakorum highway">Karakorum highway</a> (KKH) links <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> with Kashgar over the <a href="/wiki/Khunjerab_Pass" title="Khunjerab Pass">Khunjerab Pass</a>. The <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Pakistan_Economic_Corridor" title="China–Pakistan Economic Corridor">China–Pakistan Economic Corridor</a> is a multibillion-dollar project that will upgrade transport links between China and Pakistan, including the upgrades to the Karakorum highway. Bus routes exist for passenger travel south into Pakistan. <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> is also accessible from Kashgar, via the <a href="/wiki/Torugart_Pass" title="Torugart Pass">Torugart Pass</a> or the Irkeshtam Pass; as of summer 2007, daily bus service connects Kashgar with <a href="/wiki/Bishkek" title="Bishkek">Bishkek</a>'s Western Bus Terminal.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kashgar is also located on <a href="/wiki/China_National_Highways" class="mw-redirect" title="China National Highways">China National Highways</a> <a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_314" title="China National Highway 314">G314</a> (which runs to <a href="/wiki/Khunjerab_Pass" title="Khunjerab Pass">Khunjerab Pass</a> on the Sino−Pakistani border, and, in the opposite direction, towards <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a>), and <a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_315" title="China National Highway 315">G315</a>, which runs to <a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining">Xining</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a> from Kashgar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_China" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in China">List of twin towns and sister cities in China</a></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca City</a>, Malaysia, from February 2012<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gilgit" title="Gilgit">Gilgit</a>, Pakistan, from May 2009</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_al-Kashgari" title="Mahmud al-Kashgari">Mahmud al-Kashgari</a>, 11th-century scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdurehim_Heyt" title="Abdurehim Heyt">Abdurehim Heyt</a>, Uyghur folk singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nury_Turkel" title="Nury Turkel">Nury Turkel</a>, Uyghur American human rights advocate</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road_transmission_of_Buddhism" title="Silk Road transmission of Buddhism">Silk Road transmission of Buddhism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Capital of the Shule Kingdom.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">During the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Han_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Han dynasty">Eastern Han dynasty</a>, Shule was administered by the <a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_the_Western_Regions" title="Protectorate of the Western Regions">Protectorate of the Western Regions</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-demographia-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-demographia_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-demographia_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCox2018" class="citation book cs1">Cox, W (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf"><i>Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. St. Louis: Demographia. p. 22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180503021711/http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 3 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Demographia+World+Urban+Areas.+14th+Annual+Edition&rft.place=St.+Louis&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Demographia&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=W&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.demographia.com%2Fdb-worldua.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/xinjiang/admin/">Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071109214144/http://www.xinjiang.gov.cn/10018/10008/00017/2005/22694.htm">"The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"</a>. <i>Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xinjiang.gov.cn/10018/10008/00017/2005/22694.htm">the original</a> on 9 November 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Xinjiang+Uygur+Autonomous+Region+Government&rft.atitle=The+Working-Calendar+for+The+Xinjiang+Uygur+Autonomous+Region+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinjiang.gov.cn%2F10018%2F10008%2F00017%2F2005%2F22694.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210118100121/http://xjks.gov.cn/2020/11/25/ksjj/5700.html">"喀什市概况（2020"</a> (in Chinese). 25 November 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xjks.gov.cn/2020/11/25/ksjj/5700.html">the original</a> on 18 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80%E5%B8%82%E6%A6%82%E5%86%B5%EF%BC%882020&rft.date=2020-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xjks.gov.cn%2F2020%2F11%2F25%2Fksjj%2F5700.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanley_W._Toops2012" class="citation book cs1">Stanley W. Toops (August 2012). Susan M. Walcott; Corey Johnson (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OkAVAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA65"><i>Eurasian Corridors of Interconnection: From the South China to the Caspian Sea</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 65–66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-07875-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-07875-1"><bdi>978-1-135-07875-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eurasian+Corridors+of+Interconnection%3A+From+the+South+China+to+the+Caspian+Sea&rft.pages=65-66&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012-08&rft.isbn=978-1-135-07875-1&rft.au=Stanley+W.+Toops&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOkAVAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDillon2014" class="citation book cs1">Dillon, Michael (25 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315762111/xinjiang-expansion-chinese-communist-power-michael-dillon"><i>Xinjiang and the Expansion of Chinese Communist Power: Kashgar in the Early Twentieth Century</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 5–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315762111">10.4324/9781315762111</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-76211-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-76211-1"><bdi>978-1-315-76211-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Xinjiang+and+the+Expansion+of+Chinese+Communist+Power%3A+Kashgar+in+the+Early+Twentieth+Century&rft.pages=5-6&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014-07-25&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315762111&rft.isbn=978-1-315-76211-1&rft.aulast=Dillon&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fbooks%2Fmono%2F10.4324%2F9781315762111%2Fxinjiang-expansion-chinese-communist-power-michael-dillon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDillon20145-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDillon20145_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDillon2014">Dillon 2014</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill2011" class="citation web cs1">Hill, John E. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/hhshu/notes21.html">"Section 21: The Kingdom of Shule (Kashgar)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160404221102/https://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/hhshu/notes21.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Section+21%3A+The+Kingdom+of+Shule+%28Kashgar%29&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdepts.washington.edu%2Fsilkroad%2Ftexts%2Fhhshu%2Fnotes21.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_la_Vaissière2009" class="citation book cs1">de la Vaissière, Étienne (2009). "The Triple System of Orography in Ptolemy's Xinjiang". In Sundermann, Werner; Hintze, Almut; de Blois, François (eds.). <i>Exegisti monumenta: Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams</i>. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. p. 530. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-447-05937-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-447-05937-4"><bdi>978-3-447-05937-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Triple+System+of+Orography+in+Ptolemy%27s+Xinjiang&rft.btitle=Exegisti+monumenta%3A+Festschrift+in+Honour+of+Nicholas+Sims-Williams&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pages=530&rft.pub=Harrassowitz&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3-447-05937-4&rft.aulast=de+la+Vaissi%C3%A8re&rft.aufirst=%C3%89tienne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWriggins2020" class="citation book cs1">Wriggins, Sally (11 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=803rDwAAQBAJ"><i>Xuanzang: A Buddhist Pilgrim On The Silk Road</i></a>. Routledge. p. 205. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-01109-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-000-01109-8"><bdi>978-1-000-01109-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Xuanzang%3A+A+Buddhist+Pilgrim+On+The+Silk+Road&rft.pages=205&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020-06-11&rft.isbn=978-1-000-01109-8&rft.aulast=Wriggins&rft.aufirst=Sally&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D803rDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDillon20147-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDillon20147_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDillon2014">Dillon 2014</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViczianyDi_Castro2019" class="citation book cs1">Vicziany, Marika; Di Castro, Angelo Andrea (2019). "The Kashgar Oasis: Reassessing the Historical Record". In Betts, Alison V.G.; Vicziany, Marika; Jia, Peter; Di Castro, Angelo Andrea (eds.). <i>The Cultures of Ancient Xinjiang, Western China: Crossroads of the Silk Roads</i>. Archaeopress. p. 113. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctvwh8c04">10.2307/j.ctvwh8c04</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvwh8c04">j.ctvwh8c04</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:216681386">216681386</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Kashgar+Oasis%3A+Reassessing+the+Historical+Record&rft.btitle=The+Cultures+of+Ancient+Xinjiang%2C+Western+China%3A+Crossroads+of+the+Silk+Roads&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=Archaeopress&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A216681386%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctvwh8c04%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctvwh8c04&rft.aulast=Vicziany&rft.aufirst=Marika&rft.au=Di+Castro%2C+Angelo+Andrea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iranica-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kashgar-kasgar-town-in-xinjiang">"Kashgar"</a>. Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation. 15 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kashgar&rft.pub=Encyclopaedia+Iranica+Foundation&rft.date=2009-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fkashgar-kasgar-town-in-xinjiang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E.g., René Grousset, <i>The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8135-1304-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8135-1304-9">0-8135-1304-9</a>, p. 360; "Cascar" is the spelling used in most accounts of the travels of <a href="/wiki/Bento_de_G%C3%B3is" title="Bento de Góis">Bento de Góis</a>, starting with the main primary source: <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Trigault" title="Nicolas Trigault">Trigault, Nicolas</a> S. J. "China in the Sixteenth Century: The Journals of Mathew Ricci: 1583–1610". English translation by <a href="/wiki/Louis_J._Gallagher" title="Louis J. Gallagher">Louis J. Gallagher</a>, S.J. (New York: Random House, Inc. 1953). Cascar (Kashgar) is discussed extensively in, Book Five, Chapter 11, "Cathay and China: The Extraordinary Odyssey of a Jesuit Lay Brother" and Chapter 12, "Cathay and China Proved to Be Identical."(pp. 499–521 in 1953 edition). The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iLsWAAAAQAAJ">full Latin text</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160430030642/https://books.google.com/books?id=iLsWAAAAQAAJ">Archived</a> 30 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> of the original work, <i><a href="/wiki/De_Christiana_expeditione_apud_Sinas" title="De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas">De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas</a></i>, is available on <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGützlaff1852" class="citation book cs1">Gützlaff, Karl Friedrich A. (1852). George Thomas Staunton (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8Z4BAAAAQAAJ&q=cashgar&pg=PA231"><i>The life of Taou-kwang, late emperor of China: with memoirs of the court of Peking</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+life+of+Taou-kwang%2C+late+emperor+of+China%3A+with+memoirs+of+the+court+of+Peking&rft.date=1852&rft.aulast=G%C3%BCtzlaff&rft.aufirst=Karl+Friedrich+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8Z4BAAAAQAAJ%26q%3Dcashgar%26pg%3DPA231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-collins-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-collins_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/collinsworldatla00harp"><i>Collins World Atlas Illustrated Edition</i></a> (3rd ed.). <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. 2007. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/collinsworldatla00harp/page/80">80</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-723168-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-723168-3"><bdi>978-0-00-723168-3</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>. <q>Kashi (Kashgar)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collins+World+Atlas+Illustrated+Edition&rft.pages=80&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-00-723168-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcollinsworldatla00harp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-official-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-official_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"> <bdi lang="zh">中国地名录</bdi>. Beijing: <a href="/wiki/SinoMaps_Press" title="SinoMaps Press">SinoMaps Press</a>. 1997. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/7-5031-1718-4" title="Special:BookSources/7-5031-1718-4"><bdi>7-5031-1718-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E5%BD%95&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=SinoMaps+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=7-5031-1718-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldatlastradel00worl"><i>World Atlas Trade & Logistics Edition</i></a>. World Trade Press. 2008. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldatlastradel00worl/page/84">84</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-885073-44-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-885073-44-0"><bdi>978-1-885073-44-0</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>. <q>Kashi</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Atlas+Trade+%26+Logistics+Edition&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=World+Trade+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-885073-44-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldatlastradel00worl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF国家测绘局地名研究所1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">国家测绘局地名研究所 (1997). <bdi lang="zh">中国地名录</bdi> [<i>Gazetteer of China</i>]. Beijing: <a href="/wiki/SinoMaps_Press" title="SinoMaps Press">SinoMaps Press</a>. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/7-5031-1718-4" title="Special:BookSources/7-5031-1718-4"><bdi>7-5031-1718-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E5%BD%95&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=SinoMaps+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=7-5031-1718-4&rft.au=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%B5%8B%E7%BB%98%E5%B1%80%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://silkroadresearch.blog/china/kashgar/">"Kashgar"</a>. Silk Road Research. 26 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kashgar&rft.pub=Silk+Road+Research&rft.date=2018-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsilkroadresearch.blog%2Fchina%2Fkashgar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=18006">"<i>Silk Road, North China</i>, C. Michael Hogan, the Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170628202642/http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=18006">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Silk+Road%2C+North+China%2C+C.+Michael+Hogan%2C+the+Megalithic+Portal%2C+ed.+A.+Burnham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.megalithic.co.uk%2Farticle.php%3Fsid%3D18006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Triple System of Orography in Ptolemy's Xinjiang", pp. 530–531. Étienne de la Vaissière.(2009) <i>Exegisti monumenta: Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams</i>. Eds W. Sundermann, A. Hintze and F. de Blois Harrassowitz Verlag Wiesbaden. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-447-05937-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-447-05937-4">978-3-447-05937-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History_of_Shule_County-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Shule_County_25-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://120.205.8.219/xjdixianzhi(yilun)/shulexianzhi/f34f1ae3-678a-45ed-821a-b9aa9579c7d0.html"><bdi lang="zh">《疏勒县志》"第二节历史沿革"</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E7%96%8F%E5%8B%92%E5%8E%BF%E5%BF%97%E3%80%8B%22%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%8A%82+%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%B2%BF%E9%9D%A9%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F120.205.8.219%2Fxjdixianzhi%28yilun%29%2Fshulexianzhi%2Ff34f1ae3-678a-45ed-821a-b9aa9579c7d0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Millward2007-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Millward2007_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Millward2007_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Millward2007_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Millward2007_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Millward2007_26-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Millward2007" class="citation cs2">James Millward (2007), <i>Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eurasian+Crossroads%3A+A+History+of+Xinjiang&rft.date=2007&rft.au=James+Millward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hill2009-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hill2009_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hill2009_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hill2009_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hill2009_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hill2009_27-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hill2009_27-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill2009" class="citation book cs1">Hill, John E. (2009). <i>Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE</i>. BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4392-2134-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4392-2134-1"><bdi>978-1-4392-2134-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Through+the+Jade+Gate+to+Rome%3A+A+Study+of+the+Silk+Routes+during+the+Later+Han+Dynasty%2C+1st+to+2nd+Centuries+CE&rft.pub=BookSurge%2C+Charleston%2C+South+Carolina&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4392-2134-1&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Weishu</i>, ch. 4A</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Weishu</i>, ch. 102, Chapter on the Western Regions</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Weishu</i>, ch. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weishu_ch8-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weishu_ch8_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weishu_ch8_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Weishu</i>, ch. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrudy_RingNoelle_WatsonPaul_Schellinger2012" class="citation book cs1">Trudy Ring; Noelle Watson; Paul Schellinger, eds. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=voerPYsAB5wC&pg=PT798"><i>Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places</i></a>. Routledge. p. 598. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-884964-04-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-884964-04-6"><bdi>978-1-884964-04-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asia+and+Oceania%3A+International+Dictionary+of+Historic+Places&rft.pages=598&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-884964-04-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvoerPYsAB5wC%26pg%3DPT798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dillon2014-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dillon2014_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Dillon2014" class="citation book cs1">Michael Dillon (1 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/routledge-studies-in-the-modern-history-of-asia-michael-dillon-xinjiang-and-the-/"><i>Xinjiang and the Expansion of Chinese Communist Power: Kashgar in the Early Twentieth Century</i></a>. Routledge. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/routledge-studies-in-the-modern-history-of-asia-michael-dillon-xinjiang-and-the-/page/7/">7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-64721-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-64721-8"><bdi>978-1-317-64721-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Xinjiang+and+the+Expansion+of+Chinese+Communist+Power%3A+Kashgar+in+the+Early+Twentieth+Century&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014-08-01&rft.isbn=978-1-317-64721-8&rft.au=Michael+Dillon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froutledge-studies-in-the-modern-history-of-asia-michael-dillon-xinjiang-and-the-%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Broomhall1910-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Broomhall1910_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall_Broomhall1910" class="citation book cs1">Marshall Broomhall (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ObcNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA17"><i>Islam in China: A Neglected Problem</i></a>. Morgan & Scott, Limited. pp. 17–.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+in+China%3A+A+Neglected+Problem&rft.pages=17-&rft.pub=Morgan+%26+Scott%2C+Limited&rft.date=1910&rft.au=Marshall+Broomhall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DObcNAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208031156/https://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200106/kashgar-china.s.western.doorway.htm">"Saudi Aramco World: Kashgar: China's Western Doorway"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200106/kashgar-china.s.western.doorway.htm">the original</a> on 8 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+Aramco+World%3A+Kashgar%3A+China%27s+Western+Doorway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.saudiaramcoworld.com%2Fissue%2F200106%2Fkashgar-china.s.western.doorway.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMustafa_Setmariam_Nasar_(aliases_Abu_Musab_al-Suri_and_Umar_Abd_al-Hakim)1999" class="citation web cs1">Mustafa Setmariam Nasar (aliases Abu Musab al-Suri and Umar Abd al-Hakim) (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/MuslimsInCentralAsiaAndTheComingBattleOfIslam/MuslimsInCentralAsiaAndTheComingBattleOfIslam_djvu.txt">"Muslims in Central Asia and The Coming Battle of Islam"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160119223112/https://archive.org/stream/MuslimsInCentralAsiaAndTheComingBattleOfIslam/MuslimsInCentralAsiaAndTheComingBattleOfIslam_djvu.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Muslims+in+Central+Asia+and+The+Coming+Battle+of+Islam&rft.date=1999&rft.au=Mustafa+Setmariam+Nasar+%28aliases+Abu+Musab+al-Suri+and+Umar+Abd+al-Hakim%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FMuslimsInCentralAsiaAndTheComingBattleOfIslam%2FMuslimsInCentralAsiaAndTheComingBattleOfIslam_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">*<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073513/http://www.doguturkistanbulteni.com/2015/10/29/al-risale-turkistan-daglari-2-bolum/">"Al Risale: "Türkistan Dağları " 2. Bölüm"</a>. <i>Doğu Türkistan Bülteni Haber Ajansı</i>. Translated by Bahar Yeşil. 29 October 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doguturkistanbulteni.com/2015/10/29/al-risale-turkistan-daglari-2-bolum/">the original</a> on 4 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Do%C4%9Fu+T%C3%BCrkistan+B%C3%BClteni+Haber+Ajans%C4%B1&rft.atitle=Al+Risale%3A+%22T%C3%BCrkistan+Da%C4%9Flar%C4%B1+%22+2.+B%C3%B6l%C3%BCm&rft.date=2015-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doguturkistanbulteni.com%2F2015%2F10%2F29%2Fal-risale-turkistan-daglari-2-bolum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islahhaber.net/el-risale-dergisi-nden-turkistan-daglari--2--bolum--49745.html">"El Risale Dergisi'nden Türkistan Dağları -2. Bölüm-"</a>. <i>ISLAH HABER "Özgür Ümmetin Habercisi"</i>. Translated by Bahar Yeşil. 30 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160617164346/http://www.islahhaber.net/el-risale-dergisi-nden-turkistan-daglari--2--bolum--49745.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ISLAH+HABER+%22%C3%96zg%C3%BCr+%C3%9Cmmetin+Habercisi%22&rft.atitle=El+Risale+Dergisi%27nden+T%C3%BCrkistan+Da%C4%9Flar%C4%B1+-2.+B%C3%B6l%C3%BCm-&rft.date=2015-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islahhaber.net%2Fel-risale-dergisi-nden-turkistan-daglari--2--bolum--49745.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZelin2015" class="citation web cs1">Zelin, Aaron Y. (25 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jihadology.net/2015/10/25/new-issue-of-the-magazine-al-risalah-2/">"New issue of the magazine: "al-Risālah #2"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>JIHADOLOGY: A clearinghouse for jihādī primary source material, original analysis, and translation service</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170110111323/http://jihadology.net/2015/10/25/new-issue-of-the-magazine-al-risalah-2/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JIHADOLOGY%3A+A+clearinghouse+for+jih%C4%81d%C4%AB+primary+source+material%2C+original+analysis%2C+and+translation+service&rft.atitle=New+issue+of+the+magazine%3A+%22al-Ris%C4%81lah+%232%22&rft.date=2015-10-25&rft.aulast=Zelin&rft.aufirst=Aaron+Y.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjihadology.net%2F2015%2F10%2F25%2Fnew-issue-of-the-magazine-al-risalah-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-anthology-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-anthology_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott_Cameron_Levi,_Ron_Sela2010" class="citation book cs1">Scott Cameron Levi, Ron Sela (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SAX5ohFkcVgC&pg=PA30">"Chapter 4, Discourse on the Country of the Yaghma and its Towns"</a>. <i>Islamic Central Asia: An Anthology of Historical Sources</i>. Indiana University Press. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35385-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35385-6"><bdi>978-0-253-35385-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+4%2C+Discourse+on+the+Country+of+the+Yaghma+and+its+Towns&rft.btitle=Islamic+Central+Asia%3A+An+Anthology+of+Historical+Sources&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-253-35385-6&rft.au=Scott+Cameron+Levi%2C+Ron+Sela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSAX5ohFkcVgC%26pg%3DPA30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValerie_Hansen2012" class="citation book cs1">Valerie Hansen (11 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0LYDf02jgdAC&pg=PA227"><i>The Silk Road: A New History</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 227–228. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515931-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515931-8"><bdi>978-0-19-515931-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Silk+Road%3A+A+New+History&rft.pages=227-228&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012-10-11&rft.isbn=978-0-19-515931-8&rft.au=Valerie+Hansen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0LYDf02jgdAC%26pg%3DPA227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFE._Yarshater1983" class="citation book cs1">E. Yarshater, ed. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ko_RafMSGLkC&pg=PA271">"Chapter 7, The Iranian Settlements to the East of the Pamirs"</a>. <i>The Cambridge History of Iran</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 271. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-20092-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-20092-9"><bdi>978-0-521-20092-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+7%2C+The+Iranian+Settlements+to+the+East+of+the+Pamirs&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Iran&rft.pages=271&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-521-20092-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKo_RafMSGLkC%26pg%3DPA271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidovich1998" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol">Davidovich, E. 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(eds.), <i>History of Civilisations of Central Asia</i>, vol. 4 part I, UNESCO Publishing, pp. 119–144, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/92-3-103467-7" title="Special:BookSources/92-3-103467-7"><bdi>92-3-103467-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+6+The+Karakhanids&rft.btitle=History+of+Civilisations+of+Central+Asia&rft.pages=119-144&rft.pub=UNESCO+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=92-3-103467-7&rft.aulast=Davidovich&rft.aufirst=E.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolden1990" class="citation cs2">Golden, Peter. B. 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Cambridge University Press. pp. 80–81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-84226-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-84226-3"><bdi>0-521-84226-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Empire+of+the+Qara+Khitai+in+Eurasian+History%3A+Between+China+and+the+Islamic+World&rft.pages=80-81&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-521-84226-3&rft.au=Biran%2C+Michal.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbert_Allen_Giles1898" class="citation book cs1">Herbert Allen Giles (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/achinesebiograp01gilegoog"><i>A Chinese biographical dictionary, Volume 2</i></a>. 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BRILL. pp. 309–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-25678-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-25678-1"><bdi>978-90-04-25678-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Symbolic+Resistance%3A+Uyghur+Identities+and+Uyghur-Han+Relations+in+Contemporary+Xinjiang&rft.pages=309-&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2013-09-09&rft.isbn=978-90-04-25678-1&rft.au=Joanne+N.+Smith+Finley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLQBBAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bellér-Hann2008-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bellér-Hann2008_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIldikó_Bellér-Hann2008" class="citation book cs1">Ildikó Bellér-Hann (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cF4lMj8skvoC&pg=PA83"><i>Community Matters in Xinjiang, 1880–1949: Towards a Historical Anthropology of the Uyghur</i></a>. 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Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-57609-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-57609-6"><bdi>978-1-136-57609-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Macartney+at+Kashgar%3A+New+Light+on+British%2C+Chinese+and+Russian+Activities+in+Sinkiang%2C+1890%E2%80%931918&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-11-05&rft.isbn=978-1-136-57609-6&rft.au=Pamela+Nightingale&rft.au=C.P.+Skrine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlTn-AQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kepu-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kepu_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kepu.net.cn/english/quake/ruins/rns12.html">"Earthquake Ruins in Atushi (1902)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences">Chinese Academy of Sciences</a>. kepu.net.cn<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"British consuls in Kashgar". <i>Asian Affairs</i>. <b>22</b> (1): 20–34. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03068379108730402">10.1080/03068379108730402</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Affairs&rft.atitle=British+consuls+in+Kashgar&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=20-34&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03068379108730402&rft.aulast=Everest-Phillips&rft.aufirst=Max&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_D._W._Forbes1986" class="citation book cs1">Andrew D. W. Forbes (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IAs9AAAAIAAJ&q=brigadier+yang+ma+daughter&pg=PA95"><i>Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: a political history of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949</i></a>. Cambridge, England: CUP Archive. p. 288. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-25514-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-25514-7"><bdi>0-521-25514-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warlords+and+Muslims+in+Chinese+Central+Asia%3A+a+political+history+of+Republican+Sinkiang+1911%E2%80%931949&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&rft.pages=288&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-521-25514-7&rft.au=Andrew+D.+W.+Forbes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIAs9AAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dbrigadier%2Byang%2Bma%2Bdaughter%26pg%3DPA95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAP1934" class="citation news cs1">AP (1 February 1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=H34SAAAAIBAJ&pg=4906,16349&dq=tungan&hl=en">"REPULSE REBELS AFTER SIX DAYS"</a>. <i>Spokane Daily Chronicle</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spokane+Daily+Chronicle&rft.atitle=REPULSE+REBELS+AFTER+SIX+DAYS&rft.date=1934-02-01&rft.au=AP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DH34SAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4906%2C16349%26dq%3Dtungan%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAP1934" class="citation news cs1">AP (17 March 1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rlEtAAAAIBAJ&pg=2598,5980247&dq=tungan&hl=en">"TUNGAN RAIDERS MASSACRE 2,000"</a>. <i>The Miami News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Miami+News&rft.atitle=TUNGAN+RAIDERS+MASSACRE+2%2C000&rft.date=1934-03-17&rft.au=AP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DrlEtAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2598%2C5980247%26dq%3Dtungan%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssociated_Press_Cable1934" class="citation news cs1">Associated Press Cable (17 March 1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vy0rAAAAIBAJ&pg=6105,2241969&dq=tungan&hl=en">"TUNGANS SACK KASHGAR CITY, SLAYING 2,000"</a>. <i>The Montreal Gazette</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Montreal+Gazette&rft.atitle=TUNGANS+SACK+KASHGAR+CITY%2C+SLAYING+2%2C000&rft.date=1934-03-17&rft.au=Associated+Press+Cable&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3Dvy0rAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6105%2C2241969%26dq%3Dtungan%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Associated_Press1934" class="citation news cs1">The Associated Press (17 March 1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0915F73A59167A93C5A81788D85F408385F9">"British Officials and 2,000 Natives Slain At Kashgar, on Western Border of China"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222185832/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0915F73A59167A93C5A81788D85F408385F9">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=British+Officials+and+2%2C000+Natives+Slain+At+Kashgar%2C+on+Western+Border+of+China&rft.date=1934-03-17&rft.au=The+Associated+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DFB0915F73A59167A93C5A81788D85F408385F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAP1934" class="citation news cs1">AP (17 March 1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PyYiAAAAIBAJ&pg=4719,6427362&dq=tungan&hl=en">"2000 Killed In Massacre"</a>. <i>San Jose News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Jose+News&rft.atitle=2000+Killed+In+Massacre&rft.date=1934-03-17&rft.au=AP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DPyYiAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4719%2C6427362%26dq%3Dtungan%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-terzani-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-terzani_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTiziano_Terzani1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tiziano_Terzani" title="Tiziano Terzani">Tiziano Terzani</a> (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/forbiddendoor00terz"><i>The Forbidden Door</i></a>. Asia 2000 Ltd. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/forbiddendoor00terz/page/224">224</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-962-7160-01-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-962-7160-01-4"><bdi>978-962-7160-01-4</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>. <q>A similar incident occurred in the center of Kashgar on October 31, 1981. A group of Uighur workers wanted to dig a trench in the pavement in front of a state shop run by Hans. The initial discussion became a quarrel and a Han ended up shooting and killing one of the Uighurs with a shotgun. Thousands of Uighurs joined in. For hours the city was in chaos, and two Hans were killed. An Army unit had to be called in to quell the violence and separate the two communities.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Forbidden+Door&rft.pages=224&rft.pub=Asia+2000+Ltd&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-962-7160-01-4&rft.au=Tiziano+Terzani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fforbiddendoor00terz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/chinauighurs-1949-present/">"33. China/Uighurs (1949–present)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Central_Arkansas" title="University of Central Arkansas">University of Central Arkansas</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190505173454/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/chinauighurs-1949-present/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2020</span>. <q>Two individuals were killed in ethnic violence in Kashgar on October 30, 1981.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Central+Arkansas&rft.atitle=33.+China%2FUighurs+%281949%E2%80%93present%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuca.edu%2Fpoliticalscience%2Fdadm-project%2Fasiapacific-region%2Fchinauighurs-1949-present%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7542167.stm">"China confident of safe Olympics"</a>. 5 August 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=China+confident+of+safe+Olympics&rft.date=2008-08-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F7542167.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fan-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fan_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFan,_Maureen2009" class="citation news cs1">Fan, Maureen (24 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/23/AR2009032302935.html">"An Ancient Culture, Bulldozed Away"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180922121631/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/23/AR2009032302935.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=An+Ancient+Culture%2C+Bulldozed+Away&rft.date=2009-03-24&rft.au=Fan%2C+Maureen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2009%2F03%2F23%2FAR2009032302935.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-europarl.europa.eu-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-europarl.europa.eu_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=MOTION&reference=P7-RC-2011-0168&language=EN">"JOINT MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION"</a>. <i>European Parliament</i>. 9 March 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110914042734/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=MOTION&reference=P7-RC-2011-0168&language=EN">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Parliament&rft.atitle=JOINT+MOTION+FOR+A+RESOLUTION&rft.date=2011-03-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fsides%2FgetDoc.do%3Ftype%3DMOTION%26reference%3DP7-RC-2011-0168%26language%3DEN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ICOMOS-ISCEAH (2009). "Heritage in the Aftermath of the Sichuan Earthquake". In Christoph Machat, Michael Petzet and John Ziesemer (Eds.), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.international.icomos.org/risk/world_report/2008-2010/H@R_2008-2010_final.pdf">"Heritage at Risk: ICOMOS World Report 2008–2010 on Monuments and Sites in Danger"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110623171530/http://www.international.icomos.org/risk/world_report/2008-2010/H@R_2008-2010_final.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 23 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heritage+at+Risk%3A+ICOMOS+World+Report+2008%E2%80%932010+on+Monuments+and+Sites+in+Danger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.international.icomos.org%2Frisk%2Fworld_report%2F2008-2010%2FH%40R_2008-2010_final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span> Berlin: hendrik Bäßler verlag, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161009114358/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/15/world/asia/15kashgar.html?pagewanted=all">"Aid Fuels Change of Fortunes on Silk Road - The New York Times"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 9 October 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/15/world/asia/15kashgar.html?pagewanted=all">the original</a> on 9 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Aid+Fuels+Change+of+Fortunes+on+Silk+Road+-+The+New+York+Times&rft.date=2016-10-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F11%2F15%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F15kashgar.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-14834042">"Islamic militant group 'behind Xinjiang attacks'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 8 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Islamic+militant+group+%27behind+Xinjiang+attacks%27&rft.date=2011-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-pacific-14834042&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevin2014" class="citation news cs1">Levin, Dan (5 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/06/world/asia/china-remodels-an-ancient-silk-road-city-and-an-ethnic-rift-widens.html">"China Remodels an Ancient Silk Road City, and an Ethnic Rift Widens"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405082443/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/06/world/asia/china-remodels-an-ancient-silk-road-city-and-an-ethnic-rift-widens.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=China+Remodels+an+Ancient+Silk+Road+City%2C+and+an+Ethnic+Rift+Widens&rft.date=2014-03-05&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F03%2F06%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fchina-remodels-an-ancient-silk-road-city-and-an-ethnic-rift-widens.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammer2010" class="citation news cs1">Hammer, Joshua (March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/demolishing-kashgars-history-7324895/">"Demolishing Kashgar's History"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Magazine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.atitle=Demolishing+Kashgar%27s+History&rft.date=2010-03&rft.aulast=Hammer&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fhistory%2Fdemolishing-kashgars-history-7324895%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLipes2020" class="citation news cs1">Lipes, Joshua (5 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/destruction-06052020164031.html">"Kashgar's Old City Destruction Emblematic of Beijing's Cultural Campaign Against Uyghurs: Report"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Asia" title="Radio Free Asia">Radio Free Asia</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200606083152/https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/destruction-06052020164031.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Asia&rft.atitle=Kashgar%27s+Old+City+Destruction+Emblematic+of+Beijing%27s+Cultural+Campaign+Against+Uyghurs%3A+Report&rft.date=2020-06-05&rft.aulast=Lipes&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfa.org%2Fenglish%2Fnews%2Fuyghur%2Fdestruction-06052020164031.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartina2014" class="citation news cs1">Martina, Michael (1 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-xinjiang/imams-killing-in-china-may-be-aimed-at-making-muslim-uighurs-choose-sides-idUSKBN0G13QY20140801/">"Imams' killing in China may be aimed at making Muslim Uighurs choose sides"</a>. <i>Reuters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Imams%27+killing+in+China+may+be+aimed+at+making+Muslim+Uighurs+choose+sides&rft.date=2014-08-01&rft.aulast=Martina&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-china-xinjiang%2Fimams-killing-in-china-may-be-aimed-at-making-muslim-uighurs-choose-sides-idUSKBN0G13QY20140801%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xzqhkonaxahar-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xzqhkonaxahar_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/xj/21330.html"><bdi lang="zh">疏附县历史沿革</bdi></a>. <i>XZQH.org</i>. 14 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191108185411/http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/xj/21330.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2020</span>. <q><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">2014年，自治区政府（新政函[2014]8号）同意撤销乌帕尔乡，设立乌帕尔镇。2014年10月21日，自治区政府（新政函[2014]194号）同意将疏附县阿克喀什乡划归喀什市管辖。</span></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=XZQH.org&rft.atitle=%E7%96%8F%E9%99%84%E5%8E%BF%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%B2%BF%E9%9D%A9&rft.date=2014-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xzqh.org%2Fhtml%2Fshow%2Fxj%2F21330.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cma_graphical-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cma_graphical_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html"><bdi lang="zh">中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BD%91+%E2%80%93+WeatherBk+Data&rft.pub=China+Meteorological+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.cma.cn%2Fdata%2FweatherBk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps">"Experience Template" <bdi lang="zh">中国气象数据网</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Experience+Template+%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BD%91&rft.pub=China+Meteorological+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexperience.arcgis.com%2Ftemplate%2Fe724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55%2Fpage%2F%25E7%25BA%25AF%25E8%25A1%25A8%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E7%25BB%259F%25E8%25AE%25A1-%28%25E5%25AF%25B9%25E6%25AF%25948110%25E5%258F%2598%25E5%258C%2596%29%2F%3Forg%3DUQmaps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CMA_old-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CMA_old_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3"><bdi lang="zh">中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3">the original</a> on 21 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E9%9D%A2%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E7%AB%99%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%80%BC%E6%9C%88%E5%80%BC%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%9B%86%EF%BC%881971%EF%BC%8D2000%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89&rft.pub=China+Meteorological+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold-cdc.cma.gov.cn%2Fshuju%2Fsearch1.jsp%3Fdsid%3DSURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES%26tpcat%3DSURF%26type%3Dtable%26pageid%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xzqhkashgar-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xzqhkashgar_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/xj/21334.html"><bdi lang="zh">喀什市历史沿革</bdi></a>. <i>XZQH.org</i>. 27 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191104053433/http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/xj/21334.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2020</span>. <q><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">2013年3月，自治区政府（新政函[2013]35号）同意将疏附县阿瓦提乡划归喀什市管辖。2013年，自治区政府（新政函[2013]207号）批准同意将疏附县英吾斯坦乡划归喀什市管辖（11月20日正式实施）。阿瓦提乡面积87.2平方千米，人口3.42万人；英吾斯坦乡面积109.16平方千米，人口3.98万人。 2014年10月21日，自治区政府（新政函[2014]194号）同意将疏附县阿克喀什乡划归喀什市管辖。阿克喀什乡面积约266平方千米，人口1万余人。至此，全市辖4个街道、2个镇、9个乡：恰萨街道、亚瓦格街道、吾斯塘博依街道、库木代尔瓦扎街道、乃则尔巴格镇、夏马勒巴格镇、多来特巴格乡、浩罕乡、色满乡、荒地乡、帕哈太克里乡、伯什克然木乡、阿瓦提乡、英吾斯坦乡、阿克喀什乡。2015年4月3日，自治区政府批复同意设立西域大道街道（新政函[2015]87号）、东湖街道（新政函[2015]88号）。调整后，全市辖6个街道、2个镇、9个乡。</span></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=XZQH.org&rft.atitle=%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80%E5%B8%82%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%B2%BF%E9%9D%A9&rft.date=2015-05-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xzqh.org%2Fhtml%2Fshow%2Fxj%2F21334.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-statskashgar-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-statskashgar_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2019/65/31/653101.html"><bdi lang="zh">2019年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：喀什市</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China">National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China</a>. 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200407101158/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2019/65/31/653101.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2020</span>. <q><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">统计用区划代码名称 653101001000 恰萨街道 653101002000 亚瓦格街道 653101003000 吾斯塘博依街道 653101004000 库木代尔瓦扎街道 653101005000 西域大道街道 653101006000 东湖街道 653101007000 迎宾大道街道 653101008000 西公园街道 653101100000 乃则尔巴格镇 653101101000 夏马勒巴格镇 653101202000 多来特巴格乡 653101203000 浩罕乡 653101204000 色满乡 653101205000 荒地乡 653101206000 帕哈太克里乡 653101207000 伯什克然木乡 653101208000 阿瓦提乡 653101209000 英吾斯坦乡 653101210000 阿克喀什乡</span></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2019%E5%B9%B4%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E7%94%A8%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E5%92%8C%E5%9F%8E%E4%B9%A1%E5%88%92%E5%88%86%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%EF%BC%9A%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80%E5%B8%82&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.date=2019&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjsj%2Ftjbz%2Ftjyqhdmhcxhfdm%2F2019%2F65%2F31%2F653101.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-govkashgar-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-govkashgar_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201028134946/http://xjks.gov.cn/2018/10/12/ksjj/568.html"><bdi lang="zh">喀什市概况（2017）</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). Kashgar City People's Government. 12 October 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xjks.gov.cn/2018/10/12/ksjj/568.html">the original</a> on 28 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2020</span>. <q><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">喀什市面积1056.8平方千米，人口62.79万（2016年），辖8个街道、2个镇、9个乡。</span></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80%E5%B8%82%E6%A6%82%E5%86%B5%EF%BC%882017%EF%BC%89&rft.pub=Kashgar+City+People%27s+Government&rft.date=2018-10-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xjks.gov.cn%2F2018%2F10%2F12%2Fksjj%2F568.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEset_SulaimanJoshua_Lipes2015" class="citation web cs1">Eset Sulaiman; Joshua Lipes (14 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/knives-09142015143756.html">"Authorities in Xinjiang Require Special Permits to Buy Kitchen Knives"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Asia" title="Radio Free Asia">Radio Free Asia</a></i>. Translated by Eset Sulaiman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170524202150/http://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/knives-09142015143756.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2020</span>. <q>A Uyghur officer from the Nezerbagh township police station on the outskirts of Kashgar also refused to comment on the notice, but acknowledged that a special regulation is currently in place in the region to control the purchase and sale of tools with blades on them, as well as how the items are used.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Asia&rft.atitle=Authorities+in+Xinjiang+Require+Special+Permits+to+Buy+Kitchen+Knives&rft.date=2015-09-14&rft.au=Eset+Sulaiman&rft.au=Joshua+Lipes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfa.org%2Fenglish%2Fnews%2Fuyghur%2Fknives-09142015143756.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShohret_HoshurJoshua_Lipes2020" class="citation web cs1">Shohret Hoshur; Joshua Lipes (9 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/furniture-01092020165529.html">"Uyghurs in Xinjiang Ordered to Replace Traditional Décor With Sinicized Furniture"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Asia" title="Radio Free Asia">Radio Free Asia</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200305090709/https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/furniture-01092020165529.html/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2020</span>. <q>After receiving information about the implementation of the Sanxin Huodong campaign in Kashgar (in Chinese, Kashi) city's Nezerbagh township, RFA's Uyghur Service contacted a government employee there who refused to comment on the situation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Asia&rft.atitle=Uyghurs+in+Xinjiang+Ordered+to+Replace+Traditional+D%C3%A9cor+With+Sinicized+Furniture&rft.date=2020-01-09&rft.au=Shohret+Hoshur&rft.au=Joshua+Lipes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfa.org%2Fenglish%2Fnews%2Fuyghur%2Ffurniture-01092020165529.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GNISnezerbagh-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GNISnezerbagh_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/detaillinksearch.asp?G_NAME=32FA8826D9993774E0440003BA962ED3&Diacritics=DC">Naize'er Bage (Approved – N)</a> at <a href="/wiki/GEOnet_Names_Server" title="GEOnet Names Server">GEOnet Names Server</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency" title="National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency">United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uyghur.xjkunlun.gov.cn/zd/fhj/35292.htm"><bdi lang="ug">«گۈلنى ۋاسىتە قىلىپ» گۈزەل تۇرمۇش بەرپا قىلىش</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tianshannet" title="Tianshannet">Tianshannet</a></i> (in Uyghur). 28 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2020</span>. <q><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">قەشقەر شەھىرى نەزەرباغ بازىرىنىڭ</span></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tianshannet&rft.atitle=%C2%AB%DA%AF%DB%88%D9%84%D9%86%D9%89+%DB%8B%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%89%D8%AA%DB%95+%D9%82%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D9%BE%C2%BB+%DA%AF%DB%88%D8%B2%DB%95%D9%84+%D8%AA%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%87%D8%B4+%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%BE%D8%A7+%D9%82%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B4&rft.date=2019-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuyghur.xjkunlun.gov.cn%2Fzd%2Ffhj%2F35292.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uyghur.people.com.cn/165019/15442086.html"><bdi lang="ug">شامالباغ بازىرىدا ئىنقىلابىي ناخشا ئېيتىش مۇسابىقىسى ئۆتكۈزۈلدى(1)</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="ug">خەلق تورى</bdi> [<i>people.com.cn Uyghur</i>] (in Uyghur). 15 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2020</span>. <q><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">قەشقەر شەھىرىنىڭ شامالباغ بازىرى</span></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89%D8%AF%D8%A7+%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%86%D9%82%D9%89%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%89%D9%8A+%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%A7+%D8%A6%DB%90%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%89%D8%B4+%D9%85%DB%87%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%89%D9%82%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89+%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%AA%D9%83%DB%88%D8%B2%DB%88%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%89%281%29&rft.date=2014-08-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuyghur.people.com.cn%2F165019%2F15442086.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uyghur.people.com.cn/165019/15442086.html"><bdi lang="ug">قەشقەر شەھىرى نامراتلىقتىن قۇتۇلدۇرۇش ئۆتكىلىگە ھۇجۇم قىلىش جېڭىگە ياخشى ئاساس سالدى</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="ug">خەلق تورى</bdi> [<i>people.com.cn Uyghur</i>] (in Uyghur). 23 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2020</span>. <q><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">قەشقەر شەھىرى سەمەن يېزىسى</span></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%82%DB%95%D8%B4%D9%82%DB%95%D8%B1+%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89+%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%89%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%86+%D9%82%DB%87%D8%AA%DB%87%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%87%D8%B1%DB%87%D8%B4+%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%DA%AF%DB%95+%DA%BE%DB%87%D8%AC%DB%87%D9%85+%D9%82%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B4+%D8%AC%DB%90%DA%AD%D9%89%DA%AF%DB%95+%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B4%D9%89+%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3+%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%89&rft.date=2016-12-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuyghur.people.com.cn%2F165019%2F15442086.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xjks.gov.cn/2019/11/27/zjfpqk/3058.html"><bdi lang="zh">喀什市2019年涉农资金统筹整合使用实施方案</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). Kashgar City People's Government. 27 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2020</span>. <q><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">建设2703人林果业技术服务队（其中英吾斯塘乡620名、阿瓦提乡464名、伯什克然木乡845名、浩罕乡160名、阿克喀什乡275名、荒地乡40名、帕哈太克里乡199名、色满乡50名、乃则尔巴格镇50名），{...}英吾斯塘乡38台农机设备337万元其中8村玉米收割机2台</span></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80%E5%B8%822019%E5%B9%B4%E6%B6%89%E5%86%9C%E8%B5%84%E9%87%91%E7%BB%9F%E7%AD%B9%E6%95%B4%E5%90%88%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%AE%9E%E6%96%BD%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88&rft.pub=Kashgar+City+People%27s+Government&rft.date=2019-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xjks.gov.cn%2F2019%2F11%2F27%2Fzjfpqk%2F3058.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101062133/http://tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn/tjj/rkjyu/202006/3b1eef1049114b0c9cf9e81bf18433ef.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">3–7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数</bdi></a> [3–7 Population by Nationality by Prefecture, State, City and County (City)]. <i>tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn</i> (in Chinese). Statistical Bureau of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. 10 June 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn/tjj/rkjyu/202006/3b1eef1049114b0c9cf9e81bf18433ef.shtml">the original</a> on 1 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn&rft.atitle=3%E2%80%937+%E5%90%84%E5%9C%B0%E3%80%81%E5%B7%9E%E3%80%81%E5%B8%82%E3%80%81%E5%8E%BF%28%E5%B8%82%29%E5%88%86%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%95%B0&rft.date=2020-06-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftjj.xinjiang.gov.cn%2Ftjj%2Frkjyu%2F202006%2F3b1eef1049114b0c9cf9e81bf18433ef.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanley_W._Toops2004" class="citation book cs1">Stanley W. Toops (15 March 2004). "The Demography of Xinjiang". In S. Frederick Starr (ed.). <i>Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland</i>. Routledge. pp. 256–257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-1318-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-1318-9"><bdi>978-0-7656-1318-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Demography+of+Xinjiang&rft.btitle=Xinjiang%3A+China%27s+Muslim+Borderland&rft.pages=256-257&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004-03-15&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-1318-9&rft.au=Stanley+W.+Toops&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris_Rossabi2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Morris_Rossabi" title="Morris Rossabi">Morris Rossabi</a>, ed. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/handle/1773/44961/9780295804057.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y"><i>Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington_Press" title="University of Washington Press">University of Washington Press</a>. p. 179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-295-98390-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-295-98390-6"><bdi>0-295-98390-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200107163017/https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/handle/1773/44961/9780295804057.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 7 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Governing+China%27s+Multiethnic+Frontiers&rft.pages=179&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-295-98390-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.lib.washington.edu%2Fresearchworks%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1773%2F44961%2F9780295804057.pdf%3Fsequence%3D2%26isAllowed%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citypopulation.de/php/china-xinjiang-admin.php?adm2id=653101">"KĀSHÍ SHÌ (County-level City)"</a>. <i>City Population</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171203224542/http://www.citypopulation.de/php/china-xinjiang-admin.php?adm2id=653101">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+Population&rft.atitle=K%C4%80SH%C3%8D+SH%C3%8C+%28County-level+City%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fphp%2Fchina-xinjiang-admin.php%3Fadm2id%3D653101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xjtj.gov.cn-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xjtj.gov.cn_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xjtj.gov.cn/sjcx/tjnj_3415/2016xjtjnj/rkjy/201707/t20170714_539450.html"><bdi lang="zh">3–7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Bureau of Statistics. 15 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011101904/http://www.xjtj.gov.cn/sjcx/tjnj_3415/2016xjtjnj/rkjy/201707/t20170714_539450.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3%E2%80%937+%E5%90%84%E5%9C%B0%E3%80%81%E5%B7%9E%E3%80%81%E5%B8%82%E3%80%81%E5%8E%BF%28%E5%B8%82%29%E5%88%86%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%95%B0&rft.pub=Xinjiang+Uygur+Autonomous+Region+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2017-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xjtj.gov.cn%2Fsjcx%2Ftjnj_3415%2F2016xjtjnj%2Frkjy%2F201707%2Ft20170714_539450.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeffmanLewisAtiyah2003" class="citation book cs1">Leffman, David; Lewis, Simon; Atiyah, Jeremy (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dA_QbQiZkB4C"><i>China</i></a>. Rough Guides. p. 1103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84353-019-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84353-019-0"><bdi>978-1-84353-019-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China&rft.pages=1103&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-84353-019-0&rft.aulast=Leffman&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Lewis%2C+Simon&rft.au=Atiyah%2C+Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdA_QbQiZkB4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZheng2020" class="citation news cs1">Zheng, William (5 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3096195/chinese-academics-divided-idea-turn-kashgar-municipality-under">"Chinese academics divided on idea to turn Kashgar into a municipality under Beijing's control"</a>. <i>South China Morning Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805150223/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3096195/chinese-academics-divided-idea-turn-kashgar-municipality-under">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Chinese+academics+divided+on+idea+to+turn+Kashgar+into+a+municipality+under+Beijing%27s+control&rft.date=2020-08-05&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fchina%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F3096195%2Fchinese-academics-divided-idea-turn-kashgar-municipality-under&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChouDing2015118-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChouDing2015118_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChouDing2015118_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChouDing2015">Chou & Ding 2015</a>, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChouDing2015120-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChouDing2015120_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChouDing2015">Chou & Ding 2015</a>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Michell, in the 2008 book <i>Kashgar: Oasis City on China's Old Silk Road</i>, quoted by Michael Wines in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 27 May 2009. ("<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/28/world/asia/28kashgar.html">To Protect an Ancient City, China Moves to Raze It</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171203232014/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/28/world/asia/28kashgar.html">Archived</a> 2017-12-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WinesNYT-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WinesNYT_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Wines, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/28/world/asia/28kashgar.html">To Protect an Ancient City, China Moves to Raze It</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171203232014/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/28/world/asia/28kashgar.html">Archived</a> 3 December 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, 27 May 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kashgarguide.com/kashgar-attraction/kashgar-sunday-market">"Kashgar Sunday Market"</a>. <i>Kashgar Guide</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130525140420/http://www.kashgarguide.com/kashgar-attraction/kashgar-sunday-market">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kashgar+Guide&rft.atitle=Kashgar+Sunday+Market&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kashgarguide.com%2Fkashgar-attraction%2Fkashgar-sunday-market&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061003092708/http://www.gbcc.org.uk/iss21_1.htm">"Issue 21 – Analysis – Fear and Loathing split Xinjiang's would-be Las Vegas"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gbcc.org.uk/iss21_1.htm">the original</a> on 3 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Issue+21+%E2%80%93+Analysis+%E2%80%93+Fear+and+Loathing+split+Xinjiang%27s+would-be+Las+Vegas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gbcc.org.uk%2Fiss21_1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fallingrain.com/world/CH/13/Kashi.html">"Kashi, China Page"</a>. <i>Falling Rain Genomics, Inc</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100309025540/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/CH/13/Kashi.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Falling+Rain+Genomics%2C+Inc.&rft.atitle=Kashi%2C+China+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fallingrain.com%2Fworld%2FCH%2F13%2FKashi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurasianet.org/resource/kyrgyzstan/hypermail/200111/0063.html">"Kyrgyzstan Daily Digest"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090207181103/http://www.eurasianet.org/resource/kyrgyzstan/hypermail/200111/0063.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kyrgyzstan+Daily+Digest&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurasianet.org%2Fresource%2Fkyrgyzstan%2Fhypermail%2F200111%2F0063.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Railway_Gazette_International" title="Railway Gazette International">Railway Gazette International</a> May 2012, p76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bus schedule posted in Bishkek's Western Bus Terminal-correct September 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019190922/http://www.nst.com.my/latest/malacca-ties-up-with-sister-city-kashgar-1.46312">"Malacca ties up with sister city Kashgar"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Straits_Times" title="New Straits Times">New Straits Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nst.com.my/latest/malacca-ties-up-with-sister-city-kashgar-1.46312">the original</a> on 19 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malacca+ties+up+with+sister+city+Kashgar&rft.pub=New+Straits+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nst.com.my%2Flatest%2Fmalacca-ties-up-with-sister-city-kashgar-1.46312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Boulger, Demetrius Charles <i>The Life of Yakoob Beg, Athalik Ghazi and Badaulet, Ameer of Kashgar</i> (London: W.H. Allen & Co.) 1878</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChouDing2015" class="citation journal cs1">Chou, Bill; Ding, Xuejie (1 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12140-015-9235-5">"A Comparative Analysis of Shenzhen and Kashgar in Development as Special Economic Zones"</a>. <i>East Asia</i>. <b>32</b> (2): 117–136. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12140-015-9235-5">10.1007/s12140-015-9235-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1874-6284">1874-6284</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:255516254">255516254</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=East+Asia&rft.atitle=A+Comparative+Analysis+of+Shenzhen+and+Kashgar+in+Development+as+Special+Economic+Zones&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=117-136&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A255516254%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1874-6284&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12140-015-9235-5&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.au=Ding%2C+Xuejie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs12140-015-9235-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Gordon, T. E. 1876. <i>The Roof of the World: Being the Narrative of a Journey over the high plateau of Tibet to the Russian Frontier and the Oxus sources on Pamir.</i> Edinburgh. Edmonston and Douglas. Reprint: Ch'eng Wen Publishing Company. Taipei. 1971.</li> <li>Hill, John E. 2004. "The Peoples of the West from the Weilüe" by <a href="/wiki/Yu_Huan" title="Yu Huan">Yu Huan</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/weilue/weilue.html"><i>A Third Century Chinese Account Composed between 239 and 265 CE</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171223070446/http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/weilue/weilue.html">Archived</a> 23 December 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Draft annotated English translation.</li> <li>Hulsewé, A. F. P. and Loewe, M. A. N. 1979. <i>China in Central Asia: The Early Stage 125 BC − AD 23: an annotated translation of chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty</i>. E. J. Brill, Leiden.</li> <li>Kim, Hodong <i>Holy war in China. The Muslim Rebellion and State in Chinese Central Asia, 1864–1877</i> (Stanford University Press) 2004</li> <li>Puri, B. N. <i>Buddhism in Central Asia</i>, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited, Delhi, 1987. (2000 reprint).</li> <li>Shaw, Robert. 1871. Visits to High Tartary, Yarkand and Kashgar. Reprint with introduction by Peter Hopkirk, Oxford University Press, 1984. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-583830-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-583830-0">0-19-583830-0</a>.</li> <li>Stein, Aurel M. 1907. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/toyobunko/"><i>Ancient Khotan: Detailed report of archaeological explorations in Chinese Turkestan</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050204010757/http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/toyobunko/">Archived</a> 4 February 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 2 vols. Clarendon Press. Oxford.</li> <li>Stein, Aurel M. 1921. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/toyobunko/"><i>Serindia: Detailed report of explorations in Central Asia and westernmost China</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050204010757/http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/toyobunko/">Archived</a> 4 February 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 5 vols. London & Oxford. Clarendon Press. Reprint: Delhi. Motilal Banarsidass. 1980.</li> <li>Tamm, Eric Enno. <i>The Horse That Leaps Through Clouds: A Tale of Espionage, the Silk Road and the Rise of Modern China.</i> Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 2010. See also <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://horsethatleaps.com/chapter-6/">http://horsethatleaps.com/chapter-6/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100806130748/http://horsethatleaps.com/chapter-6/">Archived</a> 6 August 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Yu, Taishan. 2004. <i>A History of the Relationships between the Western and Eastern Han, Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Western Regions</i>. Sino-Platonic Papers No. 131 March 2004. Dept. of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashgar&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80_-_%D9%82%DB%95%D8%B4%D9%82%DB%95%D8%B1" class="extiw" title="commons:喀什 - قەشقەر"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">喀什 - قەشقەر</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Kashgar#Q170521" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Kashgar">Kashgar</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackEliot1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Black, Charles Edward Drummond; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Eliot_(diplomat)" title="Charles Eliot (diplomat)">Eliot, Charles Norton Edgcumbe</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Kashgar"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Kashgar">"Kashgar" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). pp. 685–686.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kashgar&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=685-686&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Charles+Edward+Drummond&rft.au=Eliot%2C+Charles+Norton+Edgcumbe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKashgar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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href="/wiki/Afanasievo_culture" title="Afanasievo culture">Afanasievo culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sintashta_culture" title="Sintashta culture">Sintashta culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vakhsh_culture" title="Vakhsh culture">Vakhsh culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bactria%E2%80%93Margiana_Archaeological_Complex" title="Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex">Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saka" title="Saka">Saka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronovo_culture" title="Andronovo culture">Andronovo culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagar_culture" title="Tagar culture">Tagar culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyuk_culture" title="Uyuk culture">Uyuk culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazyryk_culture" title="Pazyryk culture">Pazyryk culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massagetae" title="Massagetae">Massagetae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Median Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian Empire">Macedonian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Greco-Bactrian Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiyi_Circuit" title="Guiyi Circuit">Guiyi Circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuezhi" title="Yuezhi">Yuezhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushano-Sasanian_Kingdom" title="Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom">Kushano-Sasanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidarites" title="Kidarites">Kidarites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchon_Huns" title="Alchon Huns">Alchon Huns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hephthalites" title="Hephthalites">Hephthalites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharians" title="Tocharians">Tocharians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Ushrusana" title="Principality of Ushrusana">Ustrushana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Khuttal" title="Principality of Khuttal">Khuttal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferghana_Kingdom" title="Ferghana Kingdom">Ferghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Turkic_Khaganate" title="First Turkic Khaganate">First Turkic Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Western Turkic Khaganate">Western Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Protectorate_General_to_Pacify_the_West" title="Protectorate General to Pacify the West">Anxi Protectorate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhshids_of_Sogdia" title="Ikhshids of Sogdia">Ikhshids of Sogdia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokhara_Yabghus" title="Tokhara Yabghus">Tokhara Yabghus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turk_Shahis" title="Turk Shahis">Turk Shahis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Yabgu_State" title="Oghuz Yabgu State">Oghuz Yabgus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Second Turkic Khaganate">Second Turkic Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uyghur Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahirid_dynasty" title="Tahirid dynasty">Tahirid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffarid_dynasty" title="Saffarid dynasty">Saffarid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanids" class="mw-redirect" title="Samanids">Samanids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27munids" title="Ma'munids">Ma'munids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farighunids" title="Farighunids">Farighunids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seljuq_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Seljuq Empire">Great Seljuq Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghurid_dynasty" title="Ghurid dynasty">Ghurid Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Khwarazmian Empire">Khwarazmian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_dynasty" title="Sufi dynasty">Sufi dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kart_dynasty" title="Kart dynasty">Kart dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Fergana" title="Principality of Fergana">Principality of Fergana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Bukhara" title="Khanate of Bukhara">Khanate of Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Khiva" title="Khanate of Khiva">Khanate of Khiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Turkestan" title="Chinese Turkestan">Chinese Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Turkestan" title="Russian Turkestan">Russian Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Central_Asia" title="Soviet Central Asia">Soviet Central Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Central_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Central Asia">Chinese Central Asia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_art" title="Central Asian art">Central Asian art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road_transmission_of_art" title="Silk Road transmission of art">Silk Road transmission of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road_transmission_of_Buddhism" title="Silk Road transmission of Buddhism">Silk Road transmission of Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serindian_art" title="Serindian art">Serindian art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaeology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Russia" title="Southern Russia">Southern Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sintashta" title="Sintashta">Sintashta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arzhan_culture" title="Arzhan culture">Arzhan kurgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazyryk_burials" title="Pazyryk burials">Pazyryk burials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salbyk_kurgan" title="Salbyk kurgan">Salbyk kurgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippovka_kurgans" title="Filippovka kurgans">Filippovka kurgans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_China" title="Western China">Western China</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulay%C3%AFq" title="Bulayïq">Bulayïq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kucha" title="Kucha">Kucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizil_Caves" title="Kizil Caves">Kizil Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizilgaha_caves" title="Kizilgaha caves">Kizilgaha caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumtura_Caves" title="Kumtura Caves">Kumtura Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subashi_Temple" title="Subashi Temple">Subashi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang">Dunhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miran_(Xinjiang)" title="Miran (Xinjiang)">Miran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niya_ruins" title="Niya ruins">Niya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawak_Stupa" title="Rawak Stupa">Rawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogao_Caves" title="Mogao Caves">Mogao Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk">Tumshuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezeklik_Caves" title="Bezeklik Caves">Bezeklik Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhuang_Caves" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunhuang Caves">Dunhuang Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loulan_Kingdom" title="Loulan Kingdom">Loulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Khotan" title="Kingdom of Khotan">Khotan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kashgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beshbalik" title="Beshbalik">Beshbalik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noin-Ula_burial_site" title="Noin-Ula burial site">Noin-Ula burial site</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Begash" title="Begash">Begash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issyk_kurgan" title="Issyk kurgan">Issyk kurgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jankent" title="Jankent">Jankent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karsakpay_inscription" title="Karsakpay inscription">Karsakpay inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerderi" title="Kerderi">Kerderi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnyi_Yar_(Kazakhstan)" title="Krasnyi Yar (Kazakhstan)">Krasnyi Yar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merke_Turkic_Sanctuaries" title="Merke Turkic Sanctuaries">Merke Turkic Sanctuaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otrar" title="Otrar">Otrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroglyphs_of_Arpa-Uzen" title="Petroglyphs of Arpa-Uzen">Petroglyphs of Arpa-Uzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrovka_settlement" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrovka settlement">Petrovka settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boralday_(archaeological_site)" title="Boralday (archaeological site)">Boralday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawran_(Kazakhstan)" title="Sawran (Kazakhstan)">Sawran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilikty" title="Shilikty">Shilikty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppe_Geoglyphs" title="Steppe Geoglyphs">Steppe Geoglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumbe_(ancient_settlement)" title="Sumbe (ancient settlement)">Sumbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talapty_Settlement" title="Talapty Settlement">Talapty Settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkistan_(city)" title="Turkistan (city)">Turkistan (city)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urpek" title="Urpek">Urpek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Khoja_Ahmed_Yasawi" title="Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi">Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araltobe_kurgan" title="Araltobe kurgan">Araltobe kurgan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aigyr-Zhal_2" title="Aigyr-Zhal 2">Aigyr-Zhal 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balasagun" title="Balasagun">Balasagun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burana_Tower" title="Burana Tower">Burana Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issyk-Kul" title="Issyk-Kul">Issyk-Kul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koshoy_Korgon" title="Koshoy Korgon">Koshoy Korgon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manas_Ordo" title="Manas Ordo">Manas Ordo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navekat" title="Navekat">Navekat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zg%C3%B6n" title="Özgön">Özgön</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakh_Fazil" title="Shakh Fazil">Shakh Fazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suyab" title="Suyab">Suyab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tash_Rabat" title="Tash Rabat">Tash Rabat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrasiyab_(Samarkand)" title="Afrasiyab (Samarkand)">Afrasiyab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akchakhan-Kala" title="Akchakhan-Kala">Akchakhan-Kala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhsikath" title="Akhsikath">Akhsikath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Pap" title="Ancient Pap">Ancient Pap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayaz-Kala" title="Ayaz-Kala">Ayaz-Kala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balalyk_Tepe" title="Balalyk Tepe">Balalyk Tepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burchmulla" class="mw-redirect" title="Burchmulla">Burchmulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalverzin_Tepe" title="Dalverzin Tepe">Dalverzin Tepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_castles_of_ancient_Khorezm" title="Desert castles of ancient Khorezm">Desert castles of ancient Khorezm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayaz_Tepe" title="Fayaz Tepe">Fayaz Tepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guldursun-Kala" title="Guldursun-Kala">Guldursun-Kala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazorasp" title="Hazorasp">Hazorasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itchan_Kala" title="Itchan Kala">Itchan Kala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafir-kala_(Uzbekistan)" title="Kafir-kala (Uzbekistan)">Kafir-kala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampir_Tepe" title="Kampir Tepe">Kampir Tepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Tepe" title="Kara Tepe">Kara Tepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalchayan" title="Khalchayan">Khalchayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khiva" title="Khiva">Khiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koi_Krylgan_Kala" title="Koi Krylgan Kala">Koi Krylgan Kala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koktepe" title="Koktepe">Koktepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyzyl-Kala" title="Kyzyl-Kala">Kyzyl-Kala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obi-Rakhmat_Grotto" title="Obi-Rakhmat Grotto">Obi-Rakhmat Grotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poykent" class="mw-redirect" title="Poykent">Poykent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarmishsay" title="Sarmishsay">Sarmishsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrukhiya" title="Shahrukhiya">Shahrukhiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siypantosh_Rock_Paintings" title="Siypantosh Rock Paintings">Siypantosh Rock Paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavka_Kurgan" title="Tavka Kurgan">Tavka Kurgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toprak-Kala" title="Toprak-Kala">Toprak-Kala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varakhsha" title="Varakhsha">Varakhsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarautsoy_Rock_Paintings" title="Zarautsoy Rock Paintings">Zarautsoy Rock Paintings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunjikat_(archeological_site)" title="Bunjikat (archeological site)">Bunjikat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penjikent" class="mw-redirect" title="Penjikent">Penjikent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajina_tepe" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajina tepe">Ajina tepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyropolis" title="Cyropolis">Cyropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafir-kala_(Tajikistan)" title="Kafir-kala (Tajikistan)">Kafir-kala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarazm" title="Sarazm">Sarazm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht-i_Kuwad" title="Takht-i Kuwad">Takht-i Kuwad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht-i_Sangin" title="Takht-i Sangin">Takht-i Sangin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalai_Kafirnigan" title="Kalai Kafirnigan">Kalai Kafirnigan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Dzhebel" title="Cave of Dzhebel">Cave of Dzhebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abiward" title="Abiward">Abiward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altyndepe" title="Altyndepe">Altyndepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anau_culture" title="Anau culture">Anau culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anau,_Turkmenistan" title="Anau, Turkmenistan">Anau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dev-Kesken" class="mw-redirect" title="Dev-Kesken">Dev-Kesken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonur_Depe" title="Gonur Depe">Gonur Depe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeitun" title="Jeitun">Jeitun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konye-Urgench" title="Konye-Urgench">Konye-Urgench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutlug_Timur_Minaret" title="Kutlug Timur Minaret">Kutlug Timur Minaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merv" title="Merv">Merv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monjukli_Depe" title="Monjukli Depe">Monjukli Depe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namazga-Tepe" title="Namazga-Tepe">Namazga-Tepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisa,_Turkmenistan" title="Nisa, Turkmenistan">Nisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolok" title="Togolok">Togolok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulug_Depe" title="Ulug Depe">Ulug Depe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tepe_Fullol" title="Tepe Fullol">Tepe Fullol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ai-Khanoum" title="Ai-Khanoum">Ai-Khanoum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilberjin_Tepe" title="Dilberjin Tepe">Dilberjin Tepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadda,_Afghanistan" title="Hadda, Afghanistan">Hadda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapa_Shotor" title="Tapa Shotor">Tapa Shotor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakhil-i-Ghoundi_Stupa" title="Chakhil-i-Ghoundi Stupa">Chakhil-i-Ghoundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotorak_monastery" title="Shotorak monastery">Shotorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paitava" title="Paitava">Paitava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimaran" title="Bimaran">Bimaran</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tapa-i_Kafariha_Monastery" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tapa-i Kafariha Monastery">Tapa-i Kafariha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mes_Aynak" title="Mes Aynak">Mes Aynak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fondukistan_monastery" title="Fondukistan monastery">Fondukistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khair_Khaneh" title="Khair Khaneh">Khair Khaneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapa_Sardar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapa Sardar">Tapa Sardar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepe_Narenj" class="mw-redirect" title="Tepe Narenj">Tepe Narenj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht-e_Rostam" title="Takht-e Rostam">Takht-e Rostam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepe_Fullol" title="Tepe Fullol">Tepe Fullol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tillya_Tepe" title="Tillya Tepe">Tillya Tepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemshi_Tepe" title="Yemshi Tepe">Yemshi Tepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Prophthasia" title="Alexandria Prophthasia">Alexandria Prophthasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aq_Kupruk" title="Aq Kupruk">Aq Kupruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asqalan,_Afghanistan" title="Asqalan, Afghanistan">Asqalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bactria%E2%80%93Margiana_Archaeological_Complex" title="Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex">Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhas_of_Bamiyan" title="Buddhas of Bamiyan">Buddhas of Bamiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakhil-i-Ghoundi_Stupa" title="Chakhil-i-Ghoundi Stupa">Chakhil-i-Ghoundi Stupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darra-e_Kur" title="Darra-e Kur">Darra-e Kur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasht-e_Nawar" title="Dasht-e Nawar">Dasht-e Nawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dokhtar-i-Noshirwan" title="Dokhtar-i-Noshirwan">Dokhtar-i-Noshirwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firozkoh" title="Firozkoh">Firozkoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawhar_Shad_Mausoleum" title="Gawhar Shad Mausoleum">Gawhar Shad Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Piyada" title="Haji Piyada">Haji Piyada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khair_Khaneh" title="Khair Khaneh">Khair Khaneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundigak" title="Mundigak">Mundigak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musalla_Complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Musalla Complex">Musalla Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagara_(ancient_city)" title="Nagara (ancient city)">Nagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qala-i-Jangi" title="Qala-i-Jangi">Qala-i-Jangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rag-i-Bibi" title="Rag-i-Bibi">Rag-i-Bibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surkh_Kotal" title="Surkh Kotal">Surkh Kotal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandian_complex" title="Bandian complex">Bandian complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Khajeh" title="Mount Khajeh">Mount Khajeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahr-e_Sukhteh" title="Shahr-e Sukhteh">Shahr-e Sukhteh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artifacts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sokh_snakes" title="Sokh snakes">Sokh snakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlat_plaques" title="Orlat plaques">Orlat plaques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hephthalite_silver_bowl" title="Hephthalite silver bowl">Hephthalite silver bowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilek_silver_bowl" title="Chilek silver bowl">Chilek silver bowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardez_Ganesha" title="Gardez Ganesha">Gardez Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogao_Christian_painting" title="Mogao Christian painting">Mogao Christian painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murals_from_the_Christian_temple_at_Qocho" title="Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho">Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penjikent_murals" title="Penjikent murals">Penjikent murals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampul_tapestry" title="Sampul tapestry">Sampul tapestry</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_Da%C4%93n%C4%81s" title="Sogdian Daēnās">Sogdian Daēnās</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxus_Treasure" title="Oxus Treasure">Oxus Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimaran_Casket" class="mw-redirect" title="Bimaran Casket">Bimaran Casket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhas_of_Bamiyan" title="Buddhas of Bamiyan">Buddhas of Bamiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul_hoard" title="Kabul hoard">Kabul hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_Inscription_of_Laghman" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic Inscription of Laghman">Aramaic Inscription of Laghman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandahar_Aramaic_inscription" title="Kandahar Aramaic inscription">Kandahar Aramaic inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pul-i-Darunteh_Aramaic_inscription" title="Pul-i-Darunteh Aramaic inscription">Pul-i-Darunteh Aramaic inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandahar_Bilingual_Rock_Inscription" title="Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription">Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandahar_Greek_Edicts_of_Ashoka" title="Kandahar Greek Edicts of Ashoka">Kandahar Greek Edicts of Ashoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrasiab_murals" title="Afrasiab murals">Afrasiab murals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_seal_(BM_119999)" title="Stamp seal (BM 119999)">Stamp seal (BM 119999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Khingila" title="Seal of Khingila">Seal of Khingila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Ice_Maiden" title="Siberian Ice Maiden">Siberian Ice Maiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ai-Khanoum_plaque" title="Ai-Khanoum plaque">Ai-Khanoum plaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saksanokhur_gold_buckle" title="Saksanokhur gold buckle">Saksanokhur gold buckle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boar_hunter_(Hermitage_Museum)" title="Boar hunter (Hermitage Museum)">Boar hunter (Hermitage Museum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Collection_of_Peter_the_Great" title="Siberian Collection of Peter the Great">Siberian Collection of Peter the Great</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County-level_divisions_of_Xinjiang_Uyghur_Autonomous_Region" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Xinjiang" title="Template:Xinjiang"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Xinjiang" title="Template talk:Xinjiang"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Xinjiang" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Xinjiang"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County-level_divisions_of_Xinjiang_Uyghur_Autonomous_Region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Xinjiang" title="List of administrative divisions of Xinjiang">County-level divisions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghur</a> <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous Region</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Former_capitals_of_Chinese_provinces" title="Former capitals of Chinese provinces">capital</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tianshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianshan District">Tianshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saybag_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Saybag District">Saybag District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinshi_District,_%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinshi District, Ürümqi">Xinshi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuimogou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuimogou District">Shuimogou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toutunhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Toutunhe District">Toutunhe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabancheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dabancheng District">Dabancheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Midong District">Midong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi_County" title="Ürümqi County">Ürümqi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karamay_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Karamay District">Karamay District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dushanzi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dushanzi District">Dushanzi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baijiantan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Baijiantan District">Baijiantan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orku_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Orku District">Orku District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaochang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaochang District">Gaochang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toksun_County" title="Toksun County">Toksun County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanshan_County" title="Shanshan County">Shanshan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Kumul / Hami</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yizhou_District,_Hami" title="Yizhou District, Hami">Yizhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiwu_County" title="Yiwu County">Yiwu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barkol_Kazakh_Autonomous_County" title="Barkol Kazakh Autonomous County">Barkol Kazakh County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial<br />autonomous prefecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ili_Kazakh" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Ili_Kazakh_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture">Ili Kazakh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yining" title="Yining">Yining</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorgas">Korgas</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuytun" title="Kuytun">Kuytun</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yining_County" title="Yining County">Yining County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huocheng_County" title="Huocheng County">Huocheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongliu_County" title="Gongliu County">Gongliu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyuan_County" title="Xinyuan County">Xinyuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaosu_County" title="Zhaosu County">Zhaosu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekes_County" title="Tekes County">Tekes County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilka_County" title="Nilka County">Nilka County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qapqal_Xibe_Autonomous_County" title="Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County">Qapqal Xibe County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Tacheng_Prefecture" title="Tacheng Prefecture">Tacheng</a><sup>1</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tacheng" title="Tacheng">Tacheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wusu" title="Wusu">Usu</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawan,_Xinjiang" title="Shawan, Xinjiang">Shawan</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emin_County" title="Emin County">Emin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yumin_County" title="Yumin County">Yumin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toli_County" title="Toli County">Toli County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoboksar_Mongol_Autonomous_County" title="Hoboksar Mongol Autonomous County">Hoboksar Mongol County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Altay_Prefecture" title="Altay Prefecture">Altay</a><sup>1</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altay_City" title="Altay City">Altay</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinggil_County" title="Qinggil County">Qinghe County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeminay_County" title="Jeminay County">Jeminay County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyun_County" title="Fuyun County">Fuyun County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burqin_County" title="Burqin County">Burqin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuhai_County" title="Fuhai County">Fuhai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habahe_County" title="Habahe County">Habahe County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefectures of China">Prefectures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Aksu_Prefecture" title="Aksu Prefecture">Aksu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_City" title="Aksu City">Aksu</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuqa,_Xinjiang" title="Kuqa, Xinjiang">Kuqa</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsu_County" title="Onsu County">Onsu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xayar_County" title="Xayar County">Xayar County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicheng_County" title="Baicheng County">Baicheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awat_County" title="Awat County">Awat County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpin_County" title="Kalpin County">Kalpin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinhe_County,_Xinjiang" title="Xinhe County, Xinjiang">Xinhe County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uqturpan_County" title="Uqturpan County">Wushi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Kashgar_Prefecture" title="Kashgar Prefecture">Kashgar / Kashi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kashgar / Kashi</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maralbexi_County" title="Maralbexi County">Maralbexi / Bachu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poskam_County,_Xinjiang" title="Poskam County, Xinjiang">Poskam / Zepu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payzawat_County" title="Payzawat County">Payzawat / Jiashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargilik_County" title="Kargilik County">Kargilik / Yecheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yopurga_County" title="Yopurga County">Yopurga / Yuepuhu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shule_County" title="Shule County">Yengixahar / Shule County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makit_County" title="Makit County">Makit / Maigaiti County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yengisar_County" title="Yengisar County">Yengisar / Yingjisha County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarkant_County" title="Yarkant County">Yarkant / Shache County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shufu_County" title="Shufu County">Konaxahar / Shufu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxkorgan_Tajik_Autonomous_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County">Taxkorgan Tajik County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Hotan_Prefecture" title="Hotan Prefecture">Hotan / Hetian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hotan" title="Hotan">Hotan</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotan_County" title="Hotan County">Hotan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lop_County" title="Lop County">Lop / Luopu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niya_County" title="Niya County">Niya / Minfeng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pishan_County" title="Pishan County">Gumar / Pishan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qira_County" title="Qira County">Qira / Cele County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yutian_County,_Xinjiang" title="Yutian County, Xinjiang">Keriya / Yutian County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakax_County" title="Karakax County">Karakax / Moyu County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_prefecture" title="Autonomous prefecture">Autonomous<br />prefectures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Changji_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Changji Hui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changji" title="Changji">Changji</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukang" title="Fukang">Fukang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitai_County" title="Qitai County">Qitai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manas_County" title="Manas County">Manas County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimsar_County" title="Jimsar County">Jimsar County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutubi_County" title="Hutubi County">Hutubi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mori_Kazakh_Autonomous_County" title="Mori Kazakh Autonomous County">Mori County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Bortala_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bortala Mongol</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bole,_Xinjiang" title="Bole, Xinjiang">Bole</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alashankou" title="Alashankou">Alashankou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinghe_County" title="Jinghe County">Jinghe County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenquan_County" title="Wenquan County">Wenquan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Bayingolin_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bayingholin Mongol</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korla" title="Korla">Korla</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejing_County" title="Hejing County">Hejing County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuli_County" title="Yuli County">Yuli County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoxud_County" title="Hoxud County">Hoxud County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiemo_County" title="Qiemo County">Qiemo County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohu_County" title="Bohu County">Bohu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luntai_County" title="Luntai County">Luntai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruoqiang_County" title="Ruoqiang County">Ruoqiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanqi_Hui_Autonomous_County" title="Yanqi Hui Autonomous County">Yanqi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Kizilsu_Kyrgyz_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture">Kizilsu Kyrgyz</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artush" title="Artush">Artush</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akqi_County" title="Akqi County">Akqi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulugqat_County" title="Ulugqat County">Ulugqat County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akto_County" title="Akto County">Akto County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Production_and_Construction_Corps" title="Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps">XPCC</a> administered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="County-level_cities" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">County-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang">Aral</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyang,_Xinjiang" title="Baiyang, Xinjiang">Baiyang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitun,_Xinjiang" title="Beitun, Xinjiang">Beitun</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huyanghe" title="Huyanghe">Huyanghe</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala">Kokdala</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang">Kunyu</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi">Shihezi</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe">Shuanghe</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City">Tiemenguan</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk">Tumxuk</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu">Wujiaqu</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxing,_Xinjiang" title="Xinxing, Xinjiang">Xinxing</a> city</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> <span class="wrap">Tacheng and Altay are prefectures within and under the administration of the Ili Prefecture.</span></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Ethnic minority autonomous areas</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Dong_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Dong autonomy in the People's Republic of China">Dong</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Hui_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Hui autonomy in the People's Republic of China">Hui</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Korean_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Korean autonomy in the People's Republic of China">Korean</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Manchu_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Manchu autonomy in the People's Republic of China">Manchu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Miao_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Miao autonomy in the People's Republic of China">Miao</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Mongol_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Mongol autonomy in the People's Republic of China">Mongol</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Tibetan_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Tibetan autonomy in the People's Republic of China">Tibetan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Tujia_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Tujia autonomy in the People's Republic of China">Tujia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Xinjiang" title="Template:Xinjiang">Uyghur</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Yao_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Yao autonomy in the People's Republic of China">Yao</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Yi_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Yi autonomy in the People's Republic of China">Yi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Zhuang_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Zhuang autonomy in the People's Republic of China">Zhuang</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Other_ethnic_minorities_autonomy_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Other ethnic minorities autonomy in the People's Republic of China">Others</a></dd></dl> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Largest_cities_in_XinjiangSource:_China_Urban_Construction_Statistical_Yearbook_2018_Urban_Population_and_Urban_Temporary_Population" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Most_populous_cities_in_Xinjiang" title="Template:Most populous cities in Xinjiang"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Most_populous_cities_in_Xinjiang" title="Template talk:Most populous cities in Xinjiang"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Most_populous_cities_in_Xinjiang" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Most populous cities in Xinjiang"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Largest_cities_in_XinjiangSource:_China_Urban_Construction_Statistical_Yearbook_2018_Urban_Population_and_Urban_Temporary_Population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Largest cities in Xinjiang<br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;font-size:90%;">Source: <i>China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018</i> Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Xinjiang" title="List of cities in Xinjiang">Name</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Xinjiang" title="List of cities in Xinjiang">Name</a> </th> <th>Pop.</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Urumqi_Skyline_July_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ürümqi"><img alt="Ürümqi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Urumqi_Skyline_July_2019.jpg/120px-Urumqi_Skyline_July_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Urumqi_Skyline_July_2019.jpg/180px-Urumqi_Skyline_July_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Urumqi_Skyline_July_2019.jpg/240px-Urumqi_Skyline_July_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4240" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%AD%94%E9%9B%80%E6%B2%B3%E6%9A%AE%E8%89%B2_2016_%E5%88%98%E7%A5%96%E8%B5%9B_-_panoramio_(20).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Korla"><img alt="Korla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%E5%AD%94%E9%9B%80%E6%B2%B3%E6%9A%AE%E8%89%B2_2016_%E5%88%98%E7%A5%96%E8%B5%9B_-_panoramio_%2820%29.jpg/120px-%E5%AD%94%E9%9B%80%E6%B2%B3%E6%9A%AE%E8%89%B2_2016_%E5%88%98%E7%A5%96%E8%B5%9B_-_panoramio_%2820%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%E5%AD%94%E9%9B%80%E6%B2%B3%E6%9A%AE%E8%89%B2_2016_%E5%88%98%E7%A5%96%E8%B5%9B_-_panoramio_%2820%29.jpg/180px-%E5%AD%94%E9%9B%80%E6%B2%B3%E6%9A%AE%E8%89%B2_2016_%E5%88%98%E7%A5%96%E8%B5%9B_-_panoramio_%2820%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%E5%AD%94%E9%9B%80%E6%B2%B3%E6%9A%AE%E8%89%B2_2016_%E5%88%98%E7%A5%96%E8%B5%9B_-_panoramio_%2820%29.jpg/240px-%E5%AD%94%E9%9B%80%E6%B2%B3%E6%9A%AE%E8%89%B2_2016_%E5%88%98%E7%A5%96%E8%B5%9B_-_panoramio_%2820%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Korla" title="Korla">Korla</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,864,700</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bole,_Xinjiang" title="Bole, Xinjiang">Bole</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">204,400 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%8B%8F%E6%AD%A5%E8%A1%8C%E8%A1%97.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aksu"><img alt="Aksu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%8B%8F%E6%AD%A5%E8%A1%8C%E8%A1%97.jpg/120px-%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%8B%8F%E6%AD%A5%E8%A1%8C%E8%A1%97.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%8B%8F%E6%AD%A5%E8%A1%8C%E8%A1%97.jpg/180px-%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%8B%8F%E6%AD%A5%E8%A1%8C%E8%A1%97.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%8B%8F%E6%AD%A5%E8%A1%8C%E8%A1%97.jpg/240px-%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%8B%8F%E6%AD%A5%E8%A1%8C%E8%A1%97.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1281" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Aksu_City" title="Aksu City">Aksu</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karamay_river.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karamay"><img alt="Karamay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Karamay_river.jpg/120px-Karamay_river.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Karamay_river.jpg/180px-Karamay_river.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Karamay_river.jpg/240px-Karamay_river.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Korla" title="Korla">Korla</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">489,900</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu">Wujiaqu</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">187,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Aksu_City" title="Aksu City">Aksu</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">460,900</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kuytun" title="Kuytun">Kuytun</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">174,700 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">452,500</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Fukang" title="Fukang">Fukang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">109,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yining" title="Yining">Yining</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">372,600</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Wusu" title="Wusu">Wusu</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">100,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Changji" title="Changji">Changji</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">361,700</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tacheng" title="Tacheng">Tacheng</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">97,600 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi">Shihezi</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">338,200</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang">Aral</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">96,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kashgar</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">330,000</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">86,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">245,700</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Beitun,_Xinjiang" title="Beitun, Xinjiang">Beitun</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">79,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hotan" title="Hotan">Hotan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">217,900</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Artush" title="Artush">Artush</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">78,300 </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metropolitan_cities_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Template:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Template talk:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metropolitan_cities_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_population" title="List of cities in China by population">Metropolitan cities of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Major_metropolitan_regions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Megalopolises_in_China" title="Megalopolises in China">Major metropolitan regions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jing-Jin-Ji" title="Jing-Jin-Ji">Jing-Jin-Ji (BJ-TJ-HE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong%E2%80%93Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Macau_Greater_Bay_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area">Greater Bay Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Delta" title="Yangtze Delta">Yangtze Delta (SH-JS-ZJ)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhongyuan_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhongyuan Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Zhongyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chengyu_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chengyu Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Chengyu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross-Strait_Western_Coastal_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cross-Strait Western Coastal Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Cross-Strait Western Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guanzhong_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guanzhong Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Guanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid-Southern_Liaoning_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid-Southern Liaoning Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Mid-Southern Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_Peninsula_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shandong Peninsula Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Shandong Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangtze_River_Midstream_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yangtze River Midstream Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Yangtze River Midstream (Yangtze River Valley)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Major_cities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major cities</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Central_City" class="mw-redirect" title="National Central City">National Central Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a><sup>b2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a><sup>a2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a><sup>a2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Central_City" class="mw-redirect" title="National Central City">Regional Central Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a><sup>b</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a><sup>b2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a><sup>b</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provincial capitals<br />(<a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang">Guiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou">Haikou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining">Xining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taibei</a></i><sup>5</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous regional capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparatively large cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prefecture-level_cities_by_province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a> by province</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shijiazhuang*</li> <li>Tangshan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li>Handan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Taiyuan*</li> <li>Datong*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hohhot*</li> <li>Baotou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanqab" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shenyang*</li> <li>Dalian*</li> <li>Anshan*</li> <li>Fushun*</li> <li>Benxi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changchun*</li> <li>Jilin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyuan" title="Songyuan">Songyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicheng" title="Baicheng">Baicheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Harbin*</li> <li>Qiqihar*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Heilongjiang" title="Yichun, Heilongjiang">Yīchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanjing*</li> <li>Wuxi*</li> <li>Xuzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li>Suzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Tàizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hangzhou*</li> <li>Ningbo*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Tāizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hefei*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li>Huainan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyang" title="Fuyang">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Sùzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Bozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Fuzhou*</li> <li>Xiamen*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanchang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang" title="Pingxiang">Pingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yíchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fǔzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jinan*</li> <li>Qingdao*</li> <li>Zibo*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiwu" title="Laiwu">Laiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Zhengzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li>Luoyang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wuhan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan" title="Shiyan">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingmen" title="Jingmen">Jingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changsha*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guangzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></li> <li>Shenzhen*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanning*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Guangxi" title="Yulin, Guangxi">Yùlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise" title="Baise">Baise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a><sup>1</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Haikou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansha" title="Sansha">Sansha</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Danzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chengdu*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guiyang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunyi" title="Zunyi">Zunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongren" title="Tongren">Tongren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kunming*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuxi" title="Yuxi">Yuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Yunnan" title="Baoshan, Yunnan">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang" title="Lijiang">Lijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_City" title="Pu'er City">Pu'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincang" title="Lincang">Lincang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lhasa*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Xi'an*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yúlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lanzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayuguan_City" title="Jiayuguan City">Jiayuguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchang" title="Jinchang">Jinchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wuwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Gansu" title="Qingyang, Gansu">Qingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxi" title="Dingxi">Dingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Longnan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Xining*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yinchuan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong,_Ningxia" title="Wuzhong, Ningxia">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Guyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ürümqi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i><sup>5</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>(none)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_cities_(partly_shown_below)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">Other cities</a> (partly shown below)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefectures of China">Prefecture-level capitals</a><br />(County-level)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ulanhot" title="Ulanhot">Ulanhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilinhot" title="Xilinhot">Xilinhot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiagedaqi_District" title="Jiagedaqi District">Jiagedaqi</a><sup>3</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enshi_City" title="Enshi City">Enshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jishou" title="Jishou">Jishou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>：<a href="/wiki/Xichang" title="Xichang">Xichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangding" title="Kangding">Kangding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barkam" title="Barkam">Barkam</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xingyi,_Guizhou" title="Xingyi, Guizhou">Xingyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaili_City" title="Kaili City">Kaili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duyun" title="Duyun">Duyun</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chuxiong_City" title="Chuxiong City">Chuxiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzi_City" title="Mengzi City">Mengzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshan_City" title="Wenshan City">Wenshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinghong" title="Jinghong">Jinghong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_City" title="Dali City">Dali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangshi" title="Mangshi">Mangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangri-La,_Yunnan" title="Shangri-La, Yunnan">Shangri-La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushui" title="Lushui">Lushui</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>: <a href="/wiki/Linxia_City" title="Linxia City">Linxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezuo" title="Hezuo">Hezuo</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yushu_City,_Qinghai" title="Yushu City, Qinghai">Yushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delingha" title="Delingha">Delingha</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>: <a href="/wiki/Changji" title="Changji">Changji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bole,_Xinjiang" title="Bole, Xinjiang">Bole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korla" title="Korla">Korla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yining" title="Yining">Yining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artush" title="Artush">Artush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_City" title="Aksu City">Aksu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kashgar</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotan" title="Hotan">Hotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacheng" title="Tacheng">Tacheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_City" title="Altay City">Altay</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Province-governed cities<br />(Sub-prefecture-level)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao">Xiantao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei">Qiánjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen">Tianmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia">Shennongjia</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a><sup>1</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Wuzhishan_City" title="Wuzhishan City">Wuzhishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qionghai" title="Qionghai">Qionghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenchang" title="Wenchang">Wenchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning">Wanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongfang,_Hainan" title="Dongfang, Hainan">Dongfang</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> - <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Production_and_Construction_Corps" title="Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps">XPCC(Bingtuan) cities</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi">Shihezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang">Aral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk">Tumxuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu">Wujiaqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitun_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Beitun City">Beitun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City">Tiemenguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe">Shuanghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala">Kokdala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang">Kunyu</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefectures of China">Former Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaohu" title="Chaohu">Chaohu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yumen_City" title="Yumen City">Yumen</a>，<a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongchuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongchuan District">Dongchuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shashi District">Shashi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fuling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuling District">Fuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanzhou District">Wanxian</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Meihekou" title="Meihekou">Meihekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Sub-prefecture-level cities</a><br />(Prefecture-governed)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qian%27an,_Hebei" title="Qian'an, Hebei">Qian'an, Hebei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzhouli" title="Manzhouli">Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erenhot" title="Erenhot">Erenhot, Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golmud" title="Golmud">Golmud, Qinghai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="County-level_cities_by_province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">County-level cities</a> by province</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinji" title="Xinji">Xinji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou,_Hebei" title="Jinzhou, Hebei">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinle,_Hebei" title="Xinle, Hebei">Xinle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunhua" title="Zunhua">Zunhua</a></li> <li>Qian'an*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu%27an" title="Wu'an">Wu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangong" title="Nangong">Nangong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahe,_Hebei" title="Shahe, Hebei">Shahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuozhou" title="Zhuozhou">Zhuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingzhou" title="Dingzhou">Dingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguo" title="Anguo">Anguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaobeidian" title="Gaobeidian">Gaobeidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botou" title="Botou">Botou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renqiu" title="Renqiu">Renqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanghua" title="Huanghua">Huanghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejian" title="Hejian">Hejian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhou,_Hebei" title="Bazhou, Hebei">Bazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhe,_Hebei" title="Sanhe, Hebei">Sanhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_City" title="Shenzhou City">Shenzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujiao" title="Gujiao">Gujiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucheng_District,_Changzhi" title="Lucheng District, Changzhi">Lucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoping" title="Gaoping">Gaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiexiu" title="Jiexiu">Jiexiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongji,_Shanxi" title="Yongji, Shanxi">Yongji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejin" title="Hejin">Hejin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanping" title="Yuanping">Yuanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houma,_Shanxi" title="Houma, Shanxi">Houma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huozhou" title="Huozhou">Huozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaoyi" title="Xiaoyi">Xiaoyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenyang" title="Fenyang">Fenyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holingol" title="Holingol">Holingol</a></li> <li>Manzhouli*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakeshi" title="Yakeshi">Yakeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalantun" title="Zalantun">Zhalantun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergun_City" title="Ergun City">Ergun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genhe" title="Genhe">Genhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengzhen" title="Fengzhen">Fengzhen</a></li> <li>Ulanhot*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arxan" title="Arxan">Arxan</a></li> <li>Erenhot*</li> <li>Xilinhot*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinmin,_Liaoning" title="Xinmin, Liaoning">Xinmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wafangdian" title="Wafangdian">Wafangdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuanghe" title="Zhuanghe">Zhuanghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haicheng,_Liaoning" title="Haicheng, Liaoning">Haicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donggang,_Liaoning" title="Donggang, Liaoning">Donggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Liaoning" title="Fengcheng, Liaoning">Fengcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linghai" title="Linghai">Linghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beizhen" title="Beizhen">Beizhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaizhou" title="Gaizhou">Gaizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashiqiao" title="Dashiqiao">Dashiqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengta" title="Dengta">Dengta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaobingshan" title="Diaobingshan">Diaobingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Liaoning" title="Kaiyuan, Liaoning">Kaiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beipiao" title="Beipiao">Beipiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingyuan" title="Lingyuan">Lingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingcheng" title="Xingcheng">Xingcheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yushu,_Jilin" title="Yushu, Jilin">Yushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehui" title="Dehui">Dehui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaohe,_Jilin" title="Jiaohe, Jilin">Jiaohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huadian,_Jilin" title="Huadian, Jilin">Huadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulan" title="Shulan">Shulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panshi" title="Panshi">Panshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangliao" title="Shuangliao">Shuangliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meihekou" title="Meihekou">Meihekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an,_Jilin" title="Ji'an, Jilin">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linjiang" title="Linjiang">Linjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu,_Jilin" title="Fuyu, Jilin">Fuyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taonan" title="Taonan">Taonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da%27an,_Jilin" title="Da'an, Jilin">Da'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanji" title="Yanji">Yanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumen,_Jilin" title="Tumen, Jilin">Tumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhua" title="Dunhua">Dunhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunchun" title="Hunchun">Hunchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjing,_Jilin" title="Longjing, Jilin">Longjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helong" title="Helong">Helong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shangzhi" title="Shangzhi">Shangzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuchang District">Wuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehe" title="Nehe">Nehe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulin" title="Hulin">Hulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishan" title="Mishan">Mishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieli" title="Tieli">Tieli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongjiang,_Heilongjiang" title="Tongjiang, Heilongjiang">Tongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujin_City" title="Fujin City">Fujin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyuan,_Heilongjiang" title="Fuyuan, Heilongjiang">Fuyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suifenhe" title="Suifenhe">Suifenhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailin" title="Hailin">Hailin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ning%27an" title="Ning'an">Ning'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muling" title="Muling">Muling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongning,_Heilongjiang" title="Dongning, Heilongjiang">Dongning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bei%27an" title="Bei'an">Bei'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wudalianchi" title="Wudalianchi">Wudalianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anda,_Heilongjiang" title="Anda, Heilongjiang">Anda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaodong" title="Zhaodong">Zhaodong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailun" title="Hailun">Hailun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyin" title="Jiangyin">Jiangyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yixing" title="Yixing">Yixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Jiangsu" title="Xinyi, Jiangsu">Xinyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizhou" title="Pizhou">Pizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liyang" title="Liyang">Liyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changshu" title="Changshu">Changshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiagang" title="Zhangjiagang">Zhangjiagang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunshan" title="Kunshan">Kunshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taicang" title="Taicang">Taicang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qidong,_Jiangsu" title="Qidong, Jiangsu">Qidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugao" title="Rugao">Rugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haimen" class="mw-redirect" title="Haimen">Haimen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongtai" title="Dongtai">Dongtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yizheng" title="Yizheng">Yizheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoyou" title="Gaoyou">Gaoyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danyang,_Jiangsu" title="Danyang, Jiangsu">Danyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhong" title="Yangzhong">Yangzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurong,_Jiangsu" title="Jurong, Jiangsu">Jurong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingjiang" title="Jingjiang">Jingjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taixing" title="Taixing">Taixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinghua,_Jiangsu" title="Xinghua, Jiangsu">Xinghua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiande" title="Jiande">Jiande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lin'an District">Lin'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuyao" title="Yuyao">Yuyao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cixi,_Zhejiang" title="Cixi, Zhejiang">Cixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenghua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenghua District">Fenghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rui%27an" title="Rui'an">Rui'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueqing" title="Yueqing">Yueqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haining" title="Haining">Haining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinghu" title="Pinghu">Pinghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongxiang" title="Tongxiang">Tongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuji" title="Zhuji">Zhuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shengzhou" title="Shengzhou">Shengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanxi,_Zhejiang" title="Lanxi, Zhejiang">Lanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiwu" title="Yiwu">Yiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongyang" title="Dongyang">Dongyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongkang,_Zhejiang" title="Yongkang, Zhejiang">Yongkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangshan" title="Jiangshan">Jiangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenling" title="Wenling">Wenling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linhai" title="Linhai">Linhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longquan" title="Longquan">Longquan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaohu" title="Chaohu">Chaohu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieshou" title="Jieshou">Jieshou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongcheng,_Anhui" title="Tongcheng, Anhui">Tongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianchang" title="Tianchang">Tianchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingguang" title="Mingguang">Mingguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningguo" title="Ningguo">Ningguo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuqing" title="Fuqing">Fuqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changle_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changle District">Changle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong%27an" title="Yong'an">Yong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishi,_Fujian" title="Shishi, Fujian">Shishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinjiang,_Fujian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinjiang, Fujian">Jinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan%27an,_Fujian" title="Nan'an, Fujian">Nan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhai_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhai City">Longhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaowu" title="Shaowu">Shaowu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyishan,_Fujian" title="Wuyishan, Fujian">Wuyishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jian%27ou" title="Jian'ou">Jian'ou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangping" title="Zhangping">Zhangping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu%27an" title="Fu'an">Fu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuding" title="Fuding">Fuding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leping" title="Leping">Leping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruichang" title="Ruichang">Ruichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongqingcheng" title="Gongqingcheng">Gongqingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushan_City" title="Lushan City">Lushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guixi" title="Guixi">Guixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruijin" title="Ruijin">Ruijin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinggangshan_City" title="Jinggangshan City">Jinggangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Jiangxi" title="Fengcheng, Jiangxi">Fengcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangshu" title="Zhangshu">Zhangshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao%27an" title="Gao'an">Gao'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexing,_Jiangxi" title="Dexing, Jiangxi">Dexing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhangqiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangqiu District">Zhangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_City" title="Jiaozhou City">Jiaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimo_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimo District">Jimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdu" title="Pingdu">Pingdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laixi" title="Laixi">Laixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengzhou" title="Tengzhou">Tengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longkou" title="Longkou">Longkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiyang" title="Laiyang">Laiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laizhou" title="Laizhou">Laizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penglai,_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai, Shandong">Penglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoyuan,_Shandong" title="Zhaoyuan, Shandong">Zhaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixia,_Shandong" title="Qixia, Shandong">Qixia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiyang" title="Haiyang">Haiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhou" title="Qingzhou">Qingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhucheng" title="Zhucheng">Zhucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shouguang" title="Shouguang">Shouguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqiu" title="Anqiu">Anqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaomi" title="Gaomi">Gaomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changyi,_Shandong" title="Changyi, Shandong">Changyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qufu" title="Qufu">Qufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoucheng" title="Zoucheng">Zoucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xintai" title="Xintai">Xintai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feicheng" title="Feicheng">Feicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongcheng,_Shandong" title="Rongcheng, Shandong">Rongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushan,_Shandong" title="Rushan, Shandong">Rushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoling" title="Laoling">Laoling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucheng,_Shandong" title="Yucheng, Shandong">Yucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linqing" title="Linqing">Linqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gongyi" title="Gongyi">Gongyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingyang" title="Xingyang">Xingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinmi" title="Xinmi">Xinmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzheng" title="Xinzheng">Xinzheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengfeng" title="Dengfeng">Dengfeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanshi">Yanshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Henan" title="Wugang, Henan">Wugang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruzhou" title="Ruzhou">Ruzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linzhou,_Henan" title="Linzhou, Henan">Linzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihui" title="Weihui">Weihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huixian" title="Huixian">Huixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinyang" title="Qinyang">Qinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzhou" title="Mengzhou">Mengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhou,_Henan" title="Yuzhou, Henan">Yuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changge" title="Changge">Changge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yima,_Henan" title="Yima, Henan">Yima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingbao_City" title="Lingbao City">Lingbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengzhou" title="Dengzhou">Dengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongcheng" title="Yongcheng">Yongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_City" title="Xiangcheng City">Xiangcheng</a></li> <li>Jiyuan*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daye" title="Daye">Daye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danjiangkou" title="Danjiangkou">Danjiangkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidu" title="Yidu">Yidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangyang" title="Dangyang">Dangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhijiang,_Hubei" title="Zhijiang, Hubei">Zhijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laohekou" title="Laohekou">Laohekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaoyang" title="Zaoyang">Zaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yicheng,_Hubei" title="Yicheng, Hubei">Yicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongxiang" title="Zhongxiang">Zhongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingcheng" title="Yingcheng">Yingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anlu" title="Anlu">Anlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanchuan" title="Hanchuan">Hanchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishou" title="Shishou">Shishou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghu" title="Honghu">Honghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songzi" title="Songzi">Songzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macheng" title="Macheng">Macheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxue" title="Wuxue">Wuxue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibi,_Hubei" title="Chibi, Hubei">Chibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangshui" title="Guangshui">Guangshui</a></li> <li>Enshi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichuan,_Hubei" title="Lichuan, Hubei">Lichuan</a></li> <li>Xiantao*</li> <li>Qianjiang*</li> <li>Tianmen*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang">Liuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liling" title="Liling">Liling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxiang" title="Xiangxiang">Xiangxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoshan" title="Shaoshan">Shaoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiyang" title="Leiyang">Leiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changning,_Hunan" title="Changning, Hunan">Changning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Hunan" title="Wugang, Hunan">Wugang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miluo_City" title="Miluo City">Miluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxiang,_Hunan" title="Linxiang, Hunan">Linxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinshi_City" title="Jinshi City">Jinshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanjiang" title="Yuanjiang">Yuanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zixing" title="Zixing">Zixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongjiang" title="Hongjiang">Hongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengshuijiang" title="Lengshuijiang">Lengshuijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyuan" title="Lianyuan">Lianyuan</a></li> <li>Jishou*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lechang" title="Lechang">Lechang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanxiong" title="Nanxiong">Nanxiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taishan,_Guangdong" title="Taishan, Guangdong">Taishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiping" title="Kaiping">Kaiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangdong" title="Heshan, Guangdong">Heshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enping" title="Enping">Enping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianjiang,_Guangdong" title="Lianjiang, Guangdong">Lianjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leizhou" title="Leizhou">Leizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchuan,_Guangdong" title="Wuchuan, Guangdong">Wuchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaozhou" title="Gaozhou">Gaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huazhou,_Guangdong" title="Huazhou, Guangdong">Huazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Guangdong" title="Xinyi, Guangdong">Xinyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihui" title="Sihui">Sihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingning,_Guangdong" title="Xingning, Guangdong">Xingning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufeng,_Guangdong" title="Lufeng, Guangdong">Lufeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangchun" title="Yangchun">Yangchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingde" title="Yingde">Yingde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianzhou" title="Lianzhou">Lianzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puning" title="Puning">Puning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoding" title="Luoding">Luoding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cenxi" title="Cenxi">Cenxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongxing,_Guangxi" title="Dongxing, Guangxi">Dongxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiping" title="Guiping">Guiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiliu" title="Beiliu">Beiliu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingxi,_Guangxi" title="Jingxi, Guangxi">Jingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Prefecture_(Guangxi)" title="Yi Prefecture (Guangxi)">Yizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangxi" title="Heshan, Guangxi">Heshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang,_Guangxi" title="Pingxiang, Guangxi">Pingxiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wuzhishan*</li> <li>Qionghai*</li> <li>Wenchang*</li> <li>Wanning*</li> <li>Dongfang*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dujiangyan_City" title="Dujiangyan City">Dujiangyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengzhou" title="Pengzhou">Pengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qionglai_City" title="Qionglai City">Qionglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzhou" title="Chongzhou">Chongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianyang,_Sichuan" title="Jianyang, Sichuan">Jianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanghan" title="Guanghan">Guanghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifang" title="Shifang">Shifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianzhu" title="Mianzhu">Mianzhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyou" title="Jiangyou">Jiangyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emeishan_City" title="Emeishan City">Emeishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langzhong" title="Langzhong">Langzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaying" title="Huaying">Huaying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanyuan" title="Wanyuan">Wanyuan</a></li> <li>Barkam*</li> <li>Kangding*</li> <li>Xichang*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhen" title="Qingzhen">Qingzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chishui_City" title="Chishui City">Chishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renhuai" title="Renhuai">Renhuai</a></li> <li>Xingyi*</li> <li>Kaili*</li> <li>Duyun*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuquan,_Guizhou" title="Fuquan, Guizhou">Fuquan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anning,_Yunnan" title="Anning, Yunnan">Anning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanwei" title="Xuanwei">Xuanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengchong" title="Tengchong">Tengchong</a></li> <li>Chuxiong*</li> <li>Mengzi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gejiu" title="Gejiu">Gejiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Yunnan" title="Kaiyuan, Yunnan">Kaiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_City" title="Mile City">Mile</a></li> <li>Wenshan*</li> <li>Jinghong*</li> <li>Dali*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruili" title="Ruili">Ruili</a></li> <li>Mangshi*</li> <li>Lushui*</li> <li>Shangri-La*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(none)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xingping" title="Xingping">Xingping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancheng" title="Hancheng">Hancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayin" title="Huayin">Huayin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yumen_City" title="Yumen City">Yumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang">Dunhuang</a></li> <li>Linxia*</li> <li>Hezuo*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yushu*</li> <li>Golmud*</li> <li>Delingha*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingwu" title="Lingwu">Lingwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingtongxia" title="Qingtongxia">Qingtongxia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changji*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukang" title="Fukang">Fukang</a></li> <li>Bole*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alashankou" title="Alashankou">Alashankou</a></li> <li>Korla*</li> <li>Aksu*</li> <li>Artush*</li> <li>Kashgar*</li> <li>Hotan*</li> <li>Yining*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuytun" title="Kuytun">Kuytun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorgas">Korgas</a></li> <li>Tacheng*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wusu" title="Wusu">Wusu</a></li> <li>Altay*</li> <li>Shihezi*</li> <li>Aral*</li> <li>Tumxuk*</li> <li>Wujiaqu*</li> <li>Beitun*</li> <li>Tiemenguan*</li> <li>Shuanghe*</li> <li>Kokdala*</li> <li>Kunyu*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i><sup>5</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>(none)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Notes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">Notes</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">* Indicates this city has already occurred above.<br /> <p><sup>a</sup><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipalities</a>. <sup>b</sup><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities as provincial capitals</a>. <sup>c</sup><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Separate state-planning cities</a>. <sup>1</sup><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special economic-zone cities</a>. <sup>2</sup><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Open coastal cities</a>.<br /> <sup>3</sup>Prefecture capital status established by Heilongjiang Province and not recognized by Ministry of Civil Affairs. Disputed by <a href="/wiki/Oroqen_Autonomous_Banner" title="Oroqen Autonomous Banner">Oroqen Autonomous Banner</a>, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia as part of it.<br /> <sup>4</sup>Only administers islands and waters in South China Sea and have no urban core comparable to typical cities in China.<br /> <sup>5</sup>The claimed province of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a> no longer have any internal division announced by Ministry of Civil Affairs of PRC, due to lack of actual jurisdiction. See <a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan">Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan</a> instead.<br /> </p> All provincial capitals are listed first in prefecture-level cities by province.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Economic_Development_Zones_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Template:Special economic zones of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Template talk:Special economic zones of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Special economic zones of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Economic_Development_Zones_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Economic_and_Technological_Development_Zones" title="National Economic and Technological Development Zones">Economic Development Zones</a> of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special Economic Zones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan Province</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kashgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lujiazui_skyline,_Pudong,_Shanghai.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Lujiazui skyline, Pudong, Shanghai"><img alt="Lujiazui skyline, Pudong, Shanghai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Lujiazui_skyline%2C_Pudong%2C_Shanghai.JPG/80px-Lujiazui_skyline%2C_Pudong%2C_Shanghai.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Lujiazui_skyline%2C_Pudong%2C_Shanghai.JPG/120px-Lujiazui_skyline%2C_Pudong%2C_Shanghai.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Lujiazui_skyline%2C_Pudong%2C_Shanghai.JPG/160px-Lujiazui_skyline%2C_Pudong%2C_Shanghai.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Open Coastal Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170521#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170521#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170521#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/158276862">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1209902/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJthbcj4Td8FhMTVdWRdwC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4395054-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80110337">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119476450">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119476450">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628346">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007557228705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027434214">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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[\"CITEREFHill2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIldikó_Bellér-Hann2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJames_Millward2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoanne_N._Smith_Finley2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeffmanLewisAtiyah2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevin2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLipes2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarshall_Broomhall1910\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartina2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichael_Dillon2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorris_Rossabi2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMustafa_Setmariam_Nasar_(aliases_Abu_Musab_al-Suri_and_Umar_Abd_al-Hakim)1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPamela_NightingaleC.P._Skrine2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRen2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott_Cameron_Levi,_Ron_Sela2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShohret_HoshurJoshua_Lipes2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSinor1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStanley_W._Toops2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStanley_W._Toops2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Associated_Press1934\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTiziano_Terzani1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrudy_RingNoelle_WatsonPaul_Schellinger2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFValerie_Hansen2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFViczianyDi_Castro2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWines2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWriggins2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZelin2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZheng2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_la_Vaissière2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF国家测绘局地名研究所1997\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bar box\"] = 1,\n [\"Bar percent\"] = 5,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 6,\n [\"Central Asian history\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 29,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 17,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 36,\n [\"Cn\"] = 25,\n [\"Color box\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 14,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 3,\n [\"Empty section\"] = 2,\n [\"EngvarB\"] = 1,\n [\"Expand-section\"] = 1,\n [\"Flagdeco\"] = 2,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"GEOnet2\"] = 1,\n [\"Gallery\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-cmn\"] = 5,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 3,\n [\"Increase\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox Chinese\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox settlement\"] = 1,\n [\"Islam and China\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 67,\n [\"Lang-zh\"] = 3,\n [\"Langx\"] = 2,\n [\"Linktext\"] = 1,\n [\"Literally\"] = 3,\n [\"M\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 5,\n [\"Mdash\"] = 1,\n [\"Metropolitan cities of the People's Republic of China\"] = 1,\n [\"More citations needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Most populous cities in Xinjiang\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Native name list\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 3,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"POV section\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"Refn\"] = 2,\n [\"Rp\"] = 14,\n [\"SEZ\"] = 1,\n [\"Script/Arabic\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 3,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 5,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 16,\n [\"Transliteration\"] = 44,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 1,\n [\"Unreferenced section\"] = 3,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Weather box\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 7,\n [\"Wikivoyage\"] = 1,\n [\"Xinjiang\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","440","28.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","260","16.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","100","6.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","100","6.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","100","6.5"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","80","5.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","60","3.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","60","3.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","40","2.6"],["format","40","2.6"],["[others]","260","16.9"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7b4fbf584f-9sr9q","timestamp":"20241218033516","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Kashgar","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kashgar","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q170521","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q170521","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-09-19T09:53:17Z","dateModified":"2024-11-02T21:39:02Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fb\/Afaq_Khoja_Mausoleum_%282017%2C_crop%29.jpg","headline":"city in Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang, China"}</script> </body> </html>