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<span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums_and_collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums_and_collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Museums and collections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums_and_collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Work</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Work-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Work subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Full-length_plays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Full-length_plays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Full-length plays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Full-length_plays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-One-act_plays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#One-act_plays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>One-act plays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-One-act_plays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Other works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Editions_of_O'Neill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editions_of_O'Neill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Editions of O'Neill</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Editions_of_O'Neill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scholarly_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scholarly_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Scholarly works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scholarly_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Eugene O'Neill</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 86 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84" title="أوجين أونيل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوجين أونيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yucin_O%27Nil" title="Yucin O'Nil – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yucin O'Nil" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84" title="یوجین اونیل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یوجین اونیل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2" title="ইউজিন ওনিল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইউজিন ওনিল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%E2%80%99Neill" title="Eugene O’Neill – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Eugene O’Neill" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9E%E2%80%99%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BB" title="Юджын Гладстан О’Ніл – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Юджын Гладстан О’Ніл" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%9E%E2%80%99%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BB" title="Юджын О’Ніл – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Юджын О’Ніл" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%9E%27%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Юджийн О'Нийл – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Юджийн О'Нийл" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%E2%80%99Neill" title="Eugene O’Neill – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Eugene O’Neill" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9F%27_%CE%9D%CE%B7%CE%BB" title="Ευγένιος Ο' Νηλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ευγένιος Ο' Νηλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84" title="یوجین اونیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یوجین اونیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A7%84_%EC%98%A4%EB%8B%90" title="유진 오닐 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유진 오닐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%95%27%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%AC" title="Յուջին Օ'Նիլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յուջին Օ'Նիլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%93%27_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2" title="यूजेन ओ' नील – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यूजेन ओ' नील" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%95%27%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9C" title="יוג'ין או'ניל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוג'ין או'ניל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%93%27%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಯೂಗೀನ್ ಓ'ನೀಲ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಯೂಗೀನ್ ಓ'ನೀಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%9D%E2%80%99%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="იუჯინ ო’ნილი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იუჯინ ო’ნილი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%E2%80%99%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Юджин О’Нил – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Юджин О’Нил" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenius_O%27Neill" title="Eugenius O'Neill – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Eugenius O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%ABd%C5%BE%C4%ABns_O%27N%C4%ABls" title="Jūdžīns O'Nīls – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jūdžīns O'Nīls" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%E2%80%99Neill" title="Eugene O’Neill – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Eugene O’Neill" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D1%83%D1%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%27%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Јуџин О'Нил – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јуџин О'Нил" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%92_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BD" title="യൂജീൻ ഒ നീൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യൂജീൻ ഒ നീൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%9D%E2%80%99%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="იუჯინ ო’ნილი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იუჯინ ო’ნილი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84" title="اوجين اونيل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوجين اونيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84" title="یوجین اونیل – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="یوجین اونیل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ユージン・オニール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ユージン・オニール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%E2%80%99Neill" title="Eugene O’Neill – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Eugene O’Neill" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2" title="ਯੂਜੀਨ ਓਨੀਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯੂਜੀਨ ਓਨੀਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84" title="یوجین او نیل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یوجین او نیل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%E2%80%99Neill" title="Eugene O’Neill – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Eugene O’Neill" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%E2%80%99%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB,_%D0%AE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="О’Нил, Юджин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="О’Нил, Юджин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%E2%80%99Neill" title="Eugene O’Neill – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Eugene O’Neill" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D1%83%D1%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%E2%80%99%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Јуџин О’Нил – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јуџин О’Нил" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%E2%80%99Neill" title="Eugene O’Neill – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Eugene O’Neill" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D2%97%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%27%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Юҗин О'Нил – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Юҗин О'Нил" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%27%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Юҷин О'Нил – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Юҷин О'Нил" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%27%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BB" title="Юджин О'Ніл – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Юджин О'Ніл" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84" title="یوجین اونیل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یوجین اونیل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E9%87%91%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="尤金·奥尼尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="尤金·奥尼尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Eugene O'Neill" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E9%87%91%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="尤金·奥尼尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="尤金·奥尼尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q93157#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American playwright (1888–1953)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Eugene O'Neill (disambiguation)">Eugene O'Neill (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Eugene O'Neill</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:ONeill-Eugene-LOC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/ONeill-Eugene-LOC.jpg/220px-ONeill-Eugene-LOC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/ONeill-Eugene-LOC.jpg/330px-ONeill-Eugene-LOC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/ONeill-Eugene-LOC.jpg/440px-ONeill-Eugene-LOC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1888-10-16</span>)</span>October 16, 1888<br />New York City, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">November 27, 1953<span style="display:none">(1953-11-27)</span> (aged 65)<br /><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, Massachusetts, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Playwright</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Education</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable awards</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> (1936)<br /><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Drama" title="Pulitzer Prize for Drama">Pulitzer Prize for Drama</a> (1920, 1922, 1928, 1957)<br /><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Play" title="Tony Award for Best Play">Tony Award for Best Play</a> (1957)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Kathleen Jenkins</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1909; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1912)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Boulton" title="Agnes Boulton">Agnes Boulton</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1918; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1929)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Carlotta_Monterey" title="Carlotta Monterey">Carlotta Monterey</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1929)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill_Jr." title="Eugene O'Neill Jr.">Eugene Jr.</a></li><li>Shane</li><li><a href="/wiki/Oona_O%27Neill" title="Oona O'Neill">Oona</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/James_O%27Neill_(actor,_born_1847)" title="James O'Neill (actor, born 1847)">James O'Neill</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ella_O%27Neill" title="Ella O'Neill">Mary Ellen Quinlan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> (son in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Chaplin" title="Geraldine Chaplin">Geraldine Chaplin</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oona_Chaplin" title="Oona Chaplin">Oona Chaplin</a> (great-granddaughter)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eugene_O%27Neill_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Eugene_O%27Neill_signature.svg/150px-Eugene_O%27Neill_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Eugene_O%27Neill_signature.svg/225px-Eugene_O%27Neill_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Eugene_O%27Neill_signature.svg/300px-Eugene_O%27Neill_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="139" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Eugene Gladstone O'Neill</b> (October 16, 1888 – November 27, 1953) was an American playwright. His poetically titled plays were among the first to introduce into the U.S. the drama techniques of <a href="/wiki/Realism_(theatre)" title="Realism (theatre)">realism</a>, earlier associated with <a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Ibsen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/August_Strindberg" title="August Strindberg">Strindberg</a>. The tragedy <i><a href="/wiki/Long_Day%27s_Journey_into_Night" title="Long Day's Journey into Night">Long Day's Journey into Night</a></i> is often included on lists of the finest U.S. plays in the 20th century, alongside <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Williams" title="Tennessee Williams">Tennessee Williams</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/A_Streetcar_Named_Desire_(play)" class="mw-redirect" title="A Streetcar Named Desire (play)">A Streetcar Named Desire</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Death_of_a_Salesman" title="Death of a Salesman">Death of a Salesman</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was awarded the <a href="/wiki/1936_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1936 Nobel Prize in Literature">1936 Nobel Prize in Literature</a>. O'Neill is also the only playwright to win four <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Drama" title="Pulitzer Prize for Drama">Pulitzer Prizes for Drama</a>. </p><p>O'Neill's plays were among the first to include speeches in American English vernacular and involve characters on the fringes of society. They struggle to maintain their hopes and aspirations, ultimately sliding into disillusion and despair. Of his very few comedies, only one is well-known (<i><a href="/wiki/Ah,_Wilderness!" title="Ah, Wilderness!">Ah, Wilderness!</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nearly all of his other plays involve some degree of tragedy and personal pessimism. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_O%27Neill&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eugene_ONeill_birthplace_plaque_NYC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Eugene_ONeill_birthplace_plaque_NYC.jpg/170px-Eugene_ONeill_birthplace_plaque_NYC.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Eugene_ONeill_birthplace_plaque_NYC.jpg/255px-Eugene_ONeill_birthplace_plaque_NYC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Eugene_ONeill_birthplace_plaque_NYC.jpg/340px-Eugene_ONeill_birthplace_plaque_NYC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="271" /></a><figcaption>Birthplace plaque (1500 Broadway, northeast corner of 43rd and Broadway, New York City), presented by <a href="/wiki/Circle_in_the_Square_Theatre" title="Circle in the Square Theatre">Circle in the Square</a></figcaption></figure> <p>O'Neill was born on October 16, 1888, in a hotel, the Barrett House, on what was then Longacre Square (now <a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a>) in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt1957_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt1957-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A commemorative plaque was first dedicated there in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt1957_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt1957-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site is now occupied by <a href="/wiki/1500_Broadway" title="1500 Broadway">1500 Broadway</a>, which houses offices, shops and the <a href="/wiki/ABC_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Studios">ABC Studios</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Eugene_O%27Neill_as_a_child.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Portrait_of_Eugene_O%27Neill_as_a_child.jpg/170px-Portrait_of_Eugene_O%27Neill_as_a_child.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Portrait_of_Eugene_O%27Neill_as_a_child.jpg/255px-Portrait_of_Eugene_O%27Neill_as_a_child.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Portrait_of_Eugene_O%27Neill_as_a_child.jpg/340px-Portrait_of_Eugene_O%27Neill_as_a_child.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1168" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of O'Neill as a child, c. 1893</figcaption></figure> <p>He was the son of <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a> immigrant actor <a href="/wiki/James_O%27Neill_(actor,_born_1847)" title="James O'Neill (actor, born 1847)">James O'Neill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ella_O%27Neill" title="Ella O'Neill">Mary Ellen Quinlan</a>, who was also of Irish descent. His father suffered from alcoholism; his mother from an addiction to morphine, prescribed to relieve the pains of the difficult birth of Eugene, who was her third son.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because his father was often on tour with a theatrical company, accompanied by Eugene's mother, in 1895 O'Neill was sent to <a href="/wiki/College_of_Mount_Saint_Vincent" class="mw-redirect" title="College of Mount Saint Vincent">St. Aloysius Academy for Boys</a>, a Catholic boarding school in the <a href="/wiki/Riverdale,_Bronx" title="Riverdale, Bronx">Riverdale</a> section of the Bronx.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1900, he became a day student at the <a href="/wiki/De_La_Salle_Institute_(Manhattan)" title="De La Salle Institute (Manhattan)">De La Salle Institute</a> on <a href="/wiki/59th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="59th Street (Manhattan)">59th Street</a> in Manhattan.<sup id="cite_ref-Dowling_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dowling-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The O'Neill family reunited for summers at the <a href="/wiki/Monte_Cristo_Cottage" title="Monte Cristo Cottage">Monte Cristo Cottage</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_London,_Connecticut" title="New London, Connecticut">New London, Connecticut</a>. He also briefly attended <a href="/wiki/Betts_Academy" title="Betts Academy">Betts Academy</a> in Stamford.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> for one year. Accounts vary as to why he left. He may have been dropped for attending too few classes,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> been suspended for "conduct code violations",<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "for breaking a window",<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or according to a more concrete but possibly apocryphal account, because he threw "a beer bottle into the window of Professor <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>", the future president of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eugene_O%27Neill_as_a_boy_statue,_New_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Eugene_O%27Neill_as_a_boy_statue%2C_New_London.jpg/220px-Eugene_O%27Neill_as_a_boy_statue%2C_New_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/80/Eugene_O%27Neill_as_a_boy_statue%2C_New_London.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="309" /></a><figcaption>Statue of O'Neill as a boy, sitting and writing, overlooking the harbor of <a href="/wiki/New_London,_Connecticut" title="New London, Connecticut">New London, Connecticut</a></figcaption></figure> <p>O'Neill spent several years at sea, during which he suffered from depression, alcoholism and despair. Despite this, he had a deep love for the sea and it became a prominent theme in many of his plays, several of which are set on board ships like those on which he worked. O'Neill joined the Marine Transport Workers Union of the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World" title="Industrial Workers of the World">Industrial Workers of the World</a> (IWW), which was fighting for improved living conditions for the working class using quick 'on the job' direct action.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O'Neill's parents and elder brother Jamie (who <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">drank himself to death</a> at the age of 45) died within three years of one another, not long after he had begun to make his mark in the theater. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_O%27Neill&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his experience in 1912–13 at a <a href="/wiki/Sanatorium" title="Sanatorium">sanatorium</a> where he was recovering from <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, he decided to devote himself full-time to writing plays (the events immediately prior to going to the sanatorium are dramatized in his masterpiece, <i><a href="/wiki/Long_Day%27s_Journey_into_Night" title="Long Day's Journey into Night">Long Day's Journey into Night</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Dowling_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dowling-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O'Neill had previously been employed by the <i>New London Telegraph</i>, writing poetry as well as reporting. In the fall of 1914, he entered Harvard University to attend a course in dramatic technique given by <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Piece_Baker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Piece Baker (page does not exist)">George Piece Baker</a>, but left after one year.<sup id="cite_ref-Dowling_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dowling-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1910s O'Neill was a regular on the <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a> literary scene, where he also befriended many radicals, most notably <a href="/wiki/Communist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Communist Labor Party of America">Communist Labor Party of America</a> founder <a href="/wiki/John_Reed_(journalist)" title="John Reed (journalist)">John Reed</a>. O'Neill also had a brief romantic relationship with Reed's wife, writer <a href="/wiki/Louise_Bryant" title="Louise Bryant">Louise Bryant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O'Neill was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> in the 1981 film <i><a href="/wiki/Reds_(film)" title="Reds (film)">Reds</a></i>, about the life of John Reed; Louise Bryant was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Diane_Keaton" title="Diane Keaton">Diane Keaton</a>. His involvement with the <a href="/wiki/Provincetown_Players" title="Provincetown Players">Provincetown Players</a> began in mid-1916. Terry Carlin reported that O'Neill arrived for the summer in Provincetown with "a trunk full of plays", but this was an exaggeration.<sup id="cite_ref-Dowling_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dowling-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Susan_Glaspell" title="Susan Glaspell">Susan Glaspell</a> describes a reading of <i>Bound East for Cardiff</i> that took place in the living room of Glaspell and her husband <a href="/wiki/George_Cram_Cook" title="George Cram Cook">George Cram Cook</a>'s home on Commercial Street, adjacent to the wharf (pictured) that was used by the Players for their theater: "So Gene took <i>Bound East for Cardiff</i> out of his trunk, and Freddie Burt read it to us, Gene staying out in the dining-room while reading went on. He was not left alone in the dining-room when the reading had finished."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Provincetown Players performed many of O'Neill's early works in their theaters both in Provincetown and on MacDougal Street in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a>. Some of these early plays, such as <i>The Emperor Jones</i>, began downtown and then moved to Broadway.<sup id="cite_ref-Dowling_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dowling-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lewis_Wharf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lewis_Wharf.jpg/220px-Lewis_Wharf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lewis_Wharf.jpg/330px-Lewis_Wharf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lewis_Wharf.jpg/440px-Lewis_Wharf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="459" /></a><figcaption>O'Neill's first play, <i>Bound East for Cardiff</i>, premiered at this theatre on a wharf in <a href="/wiki/Provincetown,_Massachusetts" title="Provincetown, Massachusetts">Provincetown, Massachusetts</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In an early one-act play, <i>The Web</i>, written in 1913, O'Neill first explored the darker themes that he later thrived on. Here he focused on the brothel world and the lives of prostitutes, which also play a role in some fourteen of his later plays.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, he memorably included the birth of an infant into the world of prostitution. At the time, such themes constituted a huge innovation, as these sides of life had never before been presented with such success. </p><p>O'Neill's first published play, <i><a href="/wiki/Beyond_the_Horizon_(play)" title="Beyond the Horizon (play)">Beyond the Horizon</a></i>, opened on <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> in 1920 to great acclaim, and was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Drama" title="Pulitzer Prize for Drama">Pulitzer Prize for Drama</a>. His first major hit was <i><a href="/wiki/The_Emperor_Jones" title="The Emperor Jones">The Emperor Jones</a></i>, which ran on Broadway in 1920 and obliquely commented on the <a href="/wiki/U.S._occupation_of_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. occupation of Haiti">U.S. occupation of Haiti</a> that was a topic of debate in that year's presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His best-known plays include <i><a href="/wiki/Anna_Christie" title="Anna Christie">Anna Christie</a></i> (Pulitzer Prize 1922), <i><a href="/wiki/Desire_Under_the_Elms" title="Desire Under the Elms">Desire Under the Elms</a></i> (1924), <i><a href="/wiki/Strange_Interlude" title="Strange Interlude">Strange Interlude</a></i> (Pulitzer Prize 1928), <i><a href="/wiki/Mourning_Becomes_Electra" title="Mourning Becomes Electra">Mourning Becomes Electra</a></i> (1931), and his only well-known comedy, <i><a href="/wiki/Ah,_Wilderness!" title="Ah, Wilderness!">Ah, Wilderness!</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a wistful re-imagining of his youth as he wished it had been.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>O'Neill was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1936, O'Neill received the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> after he had been nominated that year by <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Sch%C3%BCck" title="Henrik Schück">Henrik Schück</a>, member of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Academy" title="Swedish Academy">Swedish Academy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O'Neill was profoundly influenced by the work of Swedish writer <a href="/wiki/August_Strindberg" title="August Strindberg">August Strindberg</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and upon receiving the Nobel Prize, dedicated much of his acceptance speech to describing Strindberg's influence on his work.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In conversation with <a href="/wiki/Russel_Crouse" title="Russel Crouse">Russel Crouse</a>, O'Neill said that "the Strindberg part of the speech is no 'telling tale' to please the Swedes with a polite gesture. It is absolutely sincere. [...] And it's absolutely true that I am proud of the opportunity to acknowledge my debt to Strindberg thus publicly to his people".<sup id="cite_ref-Törnqvist_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Törnqvist-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the speech was sent to <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, O'Neill read it to his friend <a href="/wiki/Sophus_Keith_Winther" title="Sophus Keith Winther">Sophus Keith Winther</a>. As he was reading, he suddenly interrupted himself with the comment: "I wish immortality were a fact, for then some day I would meet Strindberg". When Winther objected that "that would scarcely be enough to justify immortality", O'Neill answered quickly and firmly: "It would be enough for me".<sup id="cite_ref-Törnqvist_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Törnqvist-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a ten-year pause, O'Neill's now-renowned play <i><a href="/wiki/The_Iceman_Cometh" title="The Iceman Cometh">The Iceman Cometh</a></i> was produced in 1946. The following year's <i><a href="/wiki/A_Moon_for_the_Misbegotten" title="A Moon for the Misbegotten">A Moon for the Misbegotten</a></i> failed, and it was decades before coming to be considered as among his best works.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TIMEMagazine17Mar1924.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/TIMEMagazine17Mar1924.jpg/220px-TIMEMagazine17Mar1924.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/TIMEMagazine17Mar1924.jpg/330px-TIMEMagazine17Mar1924.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/TIMEMagazine17Mar1924.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> cover, March 17, 1924</figcaption></figure> <p>He was also part of the modern movement to partially revive the classical heroic <a href="/wiki/Mask" title="Mask">mask</a> from <a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_ancient_Greece" title="Theatre of ancient Greece">ancient Greek theatre</a> and Japanese <a href="/wiki/Noh" title="Noh">Noh</a> theatre in some of his plays, such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_God_Brown" title="The Great God Brown">The Great God Brown</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Laughed" title="Lazarus Laughed">Lazarus Laughed</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_life">Family life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_O%27Neill&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Family life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eugene_O%27Neill_1936.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Eugene_O%27Neill_1936.jpg/220px-Eugene_O%27Neill_1936.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Eugene_O%27Neill_1936.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>O'Neill in the mid-1930s. He received the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> in 1936</figcaption></figure> <p>O'Neill was married to Kathleen Jenkins from October 2, 1909, to 1912, during which time they had one son, <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene O'Neill, Jr.">Eugene O'Neill, Jr.</a> (1910–1950). In 1917, O'Neill met <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Boulton" title="Agnes Boulton">Agnes Boulton</a>, a successful writer of commercial fiction, and they married on April 12, 1918. They lived in a home owned by her parents in <a href="/wiki/Point_Pleasant,_New_Jersey" title="Point Pleasant, New Jersey">Point Pleasant, New Jersey</a>, after their marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The years of their marriage—during which the couple lived in <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a> and had two children, Shane and <a href="/wiki/Oona_O%27Neill" title="Oona O'Neill">Oona</a>—are described vividly in her 1958 memoir <i>Part of a Long Story</i>. They divorced on July 2, 1929, after O'Neill abandoned Boulton and the children, for the actress <a href="/wiki/Carlotta_Monterey" title="Carlotta Monterey">Carlotta Monterey</a> (born San Francisco, California, December 28, 1888; died <a href="/wiki/Westwood,_New_Jersey" title="Westwood, New Jersey">Westwood, New Jersey</a>, November 18, 1970). O'Neill and Carlotta married less than a month after he officially divorced his previous wife.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1929, O'Neill and Monterey moved to the <a href="/wiki/Loire_Valley" title="Loire Valley">Loire Valley</a> in central France, where they lived in the Château du Plessis in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Antoine-du-Rocher" title="Saint-Antoine-du-Rocher">Saint-Antoine-du-Rocher</a>, Indre-et-Loire. During the early 1930s they returned to the United States and lived in <a href="/wiki/Sea_Island,_Georgia" title="Sea Island, Georgia">Sea Island, Georgia</a>, at a house called Casa Genotta. He moved to <a href="/wiki/Danville,_California" title="Danville, California">Danville, California</a>, in 1937 and lived there until 1944. His house there, <i>Tao House</i>, is today the <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill_National_Historic_Site" title="Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site">Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site</a>. </p><p>In their first years together, Monterey organized O'Neill's life, enabling him to devote himself to writing. She later became addicted to <a href="/wiki/Potassium_bromide" title="Potassium bromide">potassium bromide</a>, and the marriage deteriorated, resulting in a number of separations, although they never divorced. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaplin_family_1961.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Chaplin_family_1961.jpg/300px-Chaplin_family_1961.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Chaplin_family_1961.jpg/450px-Chaplin_family_1961.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Chaplin_family_1961.jpg/600px-Chaplin_family_1961.jpg 2x" data-file-width="928" data-file-height="517" /></a><figcaption>The Chaplins and six of their eight children (Jane and <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Chaplin" title="Christopher Chaplin">Christopher</a> are absent) in 1961. From left to right: <a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Chaplin" title="Geraldine Chaplin">Geraldine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Chaplin" title="Eugene Chaplin">Eugene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Chaplin" title="Victoria Chaplin">Victoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Chaplin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oona_O%27Neill" title="Oona O'Neill">Oona O'Neill</a>, Annette, <a href="/wiki/Josephine_Chaplin" title="Josephine Chaplin">Josephine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Chaplin_(actor)" title="Michael Chaplin (actor)">Michael</a>.</figcaption></figure><p>In 1943, O'Neill disowned his daughter <a href="/wiki/Oona_O%27Neill" title="Oona O'Neill">Oona</a> for marrying the English actor, director, and producer <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> when she was 18 and Chaplin was 54. He never saw Oona again.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>He also had distant relationships with his sons. <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill_Jr." title="Eugene O'Neill Jr.">Eugene O'Neill Jr.</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Yale" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale">Yale</a> classicist, suffered from alcoholism and committed suicide in 1950 at the age of 40. Shane O'Neill became a heroin addict and moved into the family home in Bermuda, <i>Spithead,</i> with his new wife, where he supported himself by selling off the furnishings. He was disowned by his father before also committing suicide (by jumping out of a window) a number of years later. Oona ultimately inherited Spithead and the connected estate (subsequently known as the Chaplin Estate).<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1950 O'Neill joined <a href="/wiki/The_Lambs" title="The Lambs">The Lambs</a>, the famed theater club. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Child </th> <th>Date of birth </th> <th>Date of death </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill_Jr." title="Eugene O'Neill Jr.">Eugene O'Neill Jr.</a> </td> <td>May 5, 1910 </td> <td>September 25, 1950 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shane O'Neill </td> <td>October 30, 1919 </td> <td>June 23, 1977 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oona_O%27Neill" title="Oona O'Neill">Oona O'Neill</a> </td> <td>May 14, 1925 </td> <td>September 27, 1991 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Illness_and_death">Illness and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_O%27Neill&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Illness and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EugeneONeilGrave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/EugeneONeilGrave.jpg/220px-EugeneONeilGrave.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/EugeneONeilGrave.jpg/330px-EugeneONeilGrave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/EugeneONeilGrave.jpg/440px-EugeneONeilGrave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Grave of Eugene O'Neill</figcaption></figure> <p>After suffering from multiple health problems (including depression and alcoholism) over many years, O'Neill ultimately faced a severe <a href="/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's</a>-like tremor in his hands that made it impossible for him to write during the last 10 years of his life; he tried <a href="/wiki/Dictation_machine" title="Dictation machine">dictation</a> but found himself unable to compose that way.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> While at Tao House, O'Neill had intended to write a collection of works he called "the Cycle" chronicling American life spanning from 1755 to 1932. Only two of the eleven plays O'Neill proposed, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Touch_of_the_Poet" title="A Touch of the Poet">A Touch of the Poet</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/More_Stately_Mansions" title="More Stately Mansions">More Stately Mansions</a></i>, were completed.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As his health worsened, O'Neill lost inspiration for the project and wrote three largely autobiographical plays, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Iceman_Cometh" title="The Iceman Cometh">The Iceman Cometh</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Long_Day%27s_Journey_into_Night" title="Long Day's Journey into Night">Long Day's Journey into Night</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/A_Moon_for_the_Misbegotten" title="A Moon for the Misbegotten">A Moon for the Misbegotten</a></i>, which he completed in 1943, just before leaving Tao House and losing his ability to write. The book "<i>Love and Admiration and Respect": The O'Neill-Commins Correspondence</i>" includes an extended account written by Saxe Commins, O'Neill's publisher, in which he talks of "snatches of dialogue" between Carlotta and O'Neill over the disappearance of a group of manuscripts that O'Neill had brought with him from San Francisco. "When the table was cleared I learned the cause of the tension; the manuscripts were lost. They had disappeared mysteriously during the day and there was no clue to their whereabouts."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eugene_ONeill_stamp.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Eugene_ONeill_stamp.png" decoding="async" width="143" height="163" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="143" data-file-height="163" /></a><figcaption>O'Neill stamp issued in 1967</figcaption></figure> <p>O'Neill died at the Sheraton Hotel (now <a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Shelton_Hall_(Boston_University)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shelton Hall (Boston University)">Kilachand Hall</a>) on Bay State Road in Boston, on November 27, 1953, at age 65. As he was dying, he whispered: "I knew it. I knew it. Born in a hotel room and died in a hotel room."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is interred in the <a href="/wiki/Forest_Hills_Cemetery" title="Forest Hills Cemetery">Forest Hills Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Plain,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts">Jamaica Plain</a> neighborhood. </p><p>In 1956, Carlotta arranged for his autobiographical play <i><a href="/wiki/Long_Day%27s_Journey_into_Night" title="Long Day's Journey into Night">Long Day's Journey into Night</a></i> to be published, although his written instructions had stipulated that it not be made public until 25 years after his death. It was produced on stage to tremendous critical acclaim and won the Pulitzer Prize in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is widely considered his finest play. Other posthumously published works include <i><a href="/wiki/A_Touch_of_the_Poet" title="A Touch of the Poet">A Touch of the Poet</a></i> (1958) and <i><a href="/wiki/More_Stately_Mansions" title="More Stately Mansions">More Stately Mansions</a></i> (1967). </p><p>In 1967, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a> honored O'Neill with a <a href="/wiki/Prominent_Americans_series" title="Prominent Americans series">Prominent Americans series</a> (1965–1978) $1 postage stamp. </p><p>In 2000, a team of researchers studying O'Neill's autopsy report concluded that he died of <a href="/wiki/Cerebellar_cortical_atrophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerebellar cortical atrophy">cerebellar cortical atrophy</a>, a rare form of brain deterioration unrelated to either alcohol use or Parkinson's disease.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_O%27Neill&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a>'s 1981 film <i><a href="/wiki/Reds_(film)" title="Reds (film)">Reds</a></i>, O'Neill is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a>, who was nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor">Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor</a> for his performance. </p><p>George C. White founded the <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill_Theater_Center" title="Eugene O'Neill Theater Center">Eugene O'Neill Theatre Center</a> in Waterford, Connecticut in 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eugene O'Neill is a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Theater_Hall_of_Fame" title="American Theater Hall of Fame">American Theater Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O'Neill is referenced by <a href="/wiki/Upton_Sinclair" title="Upton Sinclair">Upton Sinclair</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cup_of_Fury_(book)" title="The Cup of Fury (book)">The Cup of Fury</a></i> (1956), Dianne Wiest's character in <i><a href="/wiki/Bullets_Over_Broadway" title="Bullets Over Broadway">Bullets Over Broadway</a></i> (1994), by <a href="/wiki/J.K._Simmons" class="mw-redirect" title="J.K. Simmons">J.K. Simmons</a>' character in <i><a href="/wiki/Whiplash_(2014_film)" title="Whiplash (2014 film)">Whiplash</a></i> (2014), by <a href="/wiki/Tony_Stark" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Stark">Tony Stark</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Avengers:_Age_of_Ultron" title="Avengers: Age of Ultron">Avengers: Age of Ultron</a></i> (2015), specifically <i>Long Day's Journey into Night</i>, and <i>Long Day's Journey into Night</i> is also referenced by <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Wilson" title="Patrick Wilson">Patrick Wilson's</a> character in <i><a href="/wiki/Purple_Violets" title="Purple Violets">Purple Violets</a></i> (2007). </p><p>O'Neill is referred to in <a href="/wiki/Moss_Hart" title="Moss Hart">Moss Hart</a>'s 1959 book <i><a href="/wiki/Act_One_(book)" title="Act One (book)">Act One</a></i>, later a Broadway play. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Museums_and_collections">Museums and collections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_O%27Neill&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Museums and collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O'Neill's home in New London, <a href="/wiki/Monte_Cristo_Cottage" title="Monte Cristo Cottage">Monte Cristo Cottage</a>, was made a National Historic Landmark in 1971. His home in Danville, California, near San Francisco, was preserved as the <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill_National_Historic_Site" title="Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site">Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site</a> in 1976. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_College" title="Connecticut College">Connecticut College</a> maintains the <a href="/wiki/Louis_Sheaffer" title="Louis Sheaffer">Louis Sheaffer</a> Collection, consisting of material collected by the O'Neill biographer. The principal collection of O'Neill papers is at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill_Theater_Center" title="Eugene O'Neill Theater Center">Eugene O'Neill Theater Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Waterford,_Connecticut" title="Waterford, Connecticut">Waterford, Connecticut</a>, fosters the development of new plays under his name. </p><p>There is also a theatre in New York City named after him located at 230 West 49th Street in midtown-Manhattan. The <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill_Theatre" title="Eugene O'Neill Theatre">Eugene O'Neill Theatre</a> has housed musicals and plays such as <i><a href="/wiki/Yentl_(play)" title="Yentl (play)">Yentl</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Annie_(musical)" title="Annie (musical)">Annie</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Grease_(musical)" title="Grease (musical)">Grease</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/M._Butterfly" title="M. Butterfly">M. Butterfly</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Spring_Awakening_(musical)" title="Spring Awakening (musical)">Spring Awakening</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Mormon_(musical)" title="The Book of Mormon (musical)">The Book of Mormon</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_O%27Neill&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Plays_by_Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Category:Plays by Eugene O'Neill">Category:Plays by Eugene O'Neill</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break" style="width: 50%;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Full-length_plays">Full-length plays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_O%27Neill&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Full-length plays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Bread and Butter</i>, 1914</li> <li><i>Servitude</i>, 1914</li> <li><i>The Personal Equation</i>, 1915</li> <li><i>Now I Ask You</i>, 1916</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beyond_the_Horizon_(play)" title="Beyond the Horizon (play)">Beyond the Horizon</a></i>, 1918 - Pulitzer Prize, 1920</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Straw_(Eugene_O%27Neill)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Straw (Eugene O'Neill)">The Straw</a></i>, 1919</li> <li><i>Chris Christophersen</i>, 1919</li> <li><i>Gold</i>, 1920</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anna_Christie" title="Anna Christie">Anna Christie</a></i>, 1920 - Pulitzer Prize, 1922</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Emperor_Jones" title="The Emperor Jones">The Emperor Jones</a></i>, 1920</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diff%27rent" title="Diff'rent">Diff'rent</a></i>, 1921</li> <li><i>The First Man</i>, 1922</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hairy_Ape" title="The Hairy Ape">The Hairy Ape</a></i>, 1922</li> <li><i>The Fountain</i>, 1923</li> <li><i>Marco Millions</i>, 1923–25</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_God%27s_Chillun_Got_Wings_(play)" title="All God's Chillun Got Wings (play)">All God's Chillun Got Wings</a></i>, 1924</li> <li><i>Welded</i>, 1924</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Desire_Under_the_Elms" title="Desire Under the Elms">Desire Under the Elms</a></i>, 1924</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Laughed" title="Lazarus Laughed">Lazarus Laughed</a></i>, 1925–26</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_God_Brown" title="The Great God Brown">The Great God Brown</a></i>, 1926</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Strange_Interlude" title="Strange Interlude">Strange Interlude</a></i>, 1928 - Pulitzer Prize</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dynamo_(play)" title="Dynamo (play)">Dynamo</a></i>, 1929</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mourning_Becomes_Electra" title="Mourning Becomes Electra">Mourning Becomes Electra</a></i>, 1931</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ah,_Wilderness!" title="Ah, Wilderness!">Ah, Wilderness!</a></i>, 1933</li> <li><i>Days Without End</i>, 1933</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/More_Stately_Mansions" title="More Stately Mansions">More Stately Mansions</a></i>, written 1937-1938, first performed 1967</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Iceman_Cometh" title="The Iceman Cometh">The Iceman Cometh</a></i>, written 1939, published 1940, first performed 1946</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Long_Day%27s_Journey_into_Night" title="Long Day's Journey into Night">Long Day's Journey into Night</a></i>, written 1941, first performed 1956; Pulitzer Prize 1957</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Moon_for_the_Misbegotten" title="A Moon for the Misbegotten">A Moon for the Misbegotten</a></i>, written 1941–1943, first performed 1947</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Touch_of_the_Poet" title="A Touch of the Poet">A Touch of the Poet</a></i>, completed in 1942, first performed 1958</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="One-act_plays">One-act plays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_O%27Neill&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: One-act plays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Glencairn Plays, all of which feature characters on the fictional ship <i>Glencairn</i>—filmed together as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Long_Voyage_Home" title="The Long Voyage Home">The Long Voyage Home</a></i>: </p> <ul><li><i>Bound East for Cardiff</i>, 1916</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Zone_(play)" title="In the Zone (play)">In the Zone</a></i>, 1917</li> <li><i>The Long Voyage Home</i>, 1917</li> <li><i>Moon of the Caribbees</i>, 1918</li></ul> <p>Other one-act plays include: </p> <ul><li><i>A Wife for a Life</i>, 1913</li> <li><i>The Web</i>, 1913</li> <li><i>Thirst</i>, 1913</li> <li><i>Recklessness</i>, 1913</li> <li><i>Warnings</i>, 1913</li> <li><i>Fog</i>, 1914</li> <li><i>Abortion</i>, 1914</li> <li><i>The Movie Man: A Comedy</i>, 1914<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Sniper</i>, 1915</li> <li><i>Before Breakfast</i>, 1916</li> <li><i>Ile</i>, 1917</li> <li><i>The Rope</i>, 1918</li> <li><i>Shell Shock</i>, 1918</li> <li><i>The Dreamy Kid</i>, 1918</li> <li><i>Where the Cross Is Made</i>, 1918</li> <li><i>Exorcism</i>, 1919<sup id="cite_ref-Ex_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ex-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hughie" title="Hughie">Hughie</a></i>, written 1941, first performed 1959</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_works">Other works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_O%27Neill&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Tomorrow</i>, 1917. A short-story published in <i>The Seven Arts</i>, Vol. II, No. 8 in June 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>S.O.S.</i>, 1918. A short-story based on his 1913 one-act play <i>Warnings</i>.</li> <li><i>The Ancient Mariner</i>, 1923, a dramatic arrangement of <a href="/wiki/The_Rime_of_the_Ancient_Mariner" title="The Rime of the Ancient Mariner">Coleridge's poem</a>.</li> <li><i>The Last Will and Testament of an Extremely Distinguished Dog</i>, 1940. Written to comfort Carlotta as their "child" Blemie was approaching his death in December 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Poems: 1912-1944</i>, published 1980.</li> <li><i>The Calms of Capricorn</i>, unfinished play, published in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Unfinished Plays</i>: Notes for <i>The Visit of Malatesta</i>, <i>The Last Conquest</i> and <i>Blind Alley Guy</i>, published in 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_O%27Neill&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Eugene_O%27Neill_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="The Eugene O'Neill Award">The Eugene O'Neill Award</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_O%27Neill&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harold Bloom (2007). Introduction. In: Bloom (Ed.), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LuFU9ud-228C">Tennessee Williams</a></i>, updated edition. Infobase Publishing. p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The New York Times</i>, August 25, 2003: "Next year Playwrights Theater will present an unproduced O'Neill comedy, <i>Now I Ask You</i>, a comic spin on Ibsen's <i>Hedda Gabler</i>."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Eugene O'Neill Foundation newsletter: "<i>Now I Ask You</i>, along with <i>The Movie Man</i>, ... is the only surviving comedy from O'Neill's early years."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt1957-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt1957_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt1957_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGelb1957" class="citation news cs1">Gelb, Arthur (October 17, 1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1957/10/17/archives/oneills-birthplace-is-marked-by-plaque-at-times-square-site-oneills.html">"O'Neill's Birthplace Is Marked By Plaque at Times Square Site"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. p. 35<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=O%27Neill%27s+Birthplace+Is+Marked+By+Plaque+at+Times+Square+Site&rft.pages=35&rft.date=1957-10-17&rft.aulast=Gelb&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1957%2F10%2F17%2Farchives%2Foneills-birthplace-is-marked-by-plaque-at-times-square-site-oneills.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimonson2012" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Simonson" title="Robert Simonson">Simonson, Robert</a> (July 23, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/article/ask-playbillcom-a-question-about-eugene-oneills-birthplace-in-a-broadway-hotel-com-195890">"Ask Playbill.com: A Question About Eugene O'Neill's Birthplace, in a Broadway Hotel"</a>. <i>Playbill</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Playbill&rft.atitle=Ask+Playbill.com%3A+A+Question+About+Eugene+O%27Neill%27s+Birthplace%2C+in+a+Broadway+Hotel&rft.date=2012-07-23&rft.aulast=Simonson&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.playbill.com%2Farticle%2Fask-playbillcom-a-question-about-eugene-oneills-birthplace-in-a-broadway-hotel-com-195890&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson2009" class="citation web cs1">Henderson, Kathy (April 21, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.broadway.com/buzz/5778/the-tragic-roots-of-eugene-oneills-desire-under-the-elms">"The Tragic Roots of Eugene O'Neill's Desire Under the Elms"</a>. Broadway.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Tragic+Roots+of+Eugene+O%27Neill%27s+Desire+Under+the+Elms&rft.pub=Broadway.com&rft.date=2009-04-21&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Kathy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.broadway.com%2Fbuzz%2F5778%2Fthe-tragic-roots-of-eugene-oneills-desire-under-the-elms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLondré2016" class="citation journal cs1">Londré, Felicia (2016). "Eugene O'neill: A Life in Four Acts by Robert M. Dowling, and: Eugene O'neill: The Contemporary Reviews ed. by Jackson R. Bryer and Robert M. Dowiling (review)". <i>Theatre History Studies</i>. <b>35</b>: 351–353. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fths.2016.0027">10.1353/ths.2016.0027</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:193596557">193596557</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theatre+History+Studies&rft.atitle=Eugene+O%27neill%3A+A+Life+in+Four+Acts+by+Robert+M.+Dowling%2C+and%3A+Eugene+O%27neill%3A+The+Contemporary+Reviews+ed.+by+Jackson+R.+Bryer+and+Robert+M.+Dowiling+%28review%29&rft.volume=35&rft.pages=351-353&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fths.2016.0027&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A193596557%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Londr%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Felicia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amsaw.org/amsaw-ithappenedinhistory-101604-oneill.html">"Eugene O'Neill"</a>. American Society of Authors and Writers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eugene+O%27Neill&rft.pub=American+Society+of+Authors+and+Writers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famsaw.org%2Famsaw-ithappenedinhistory-101604-oneill.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dowling-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dowling_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dowling_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dowling_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dowling_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dowling_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dowling, Robert M., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EOiuBAAAQBAJ&dq=Eugene+O%27Neill+%2B+De+La+Salle+Institute+%28Manhattan%29&pg=PA43"><i>Eugene O'Neill: A Life in Four Acts</i>, Yale University Press, 2014</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300170337" title="Special:BookSources/9780300170337">9780300170337</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stamfordhistory.org/pp_ed.htm">"Spelled Freedom"</a> From: Stamford Past & Present, 1641 – 1976 The Commemorative Publication of the Stamford Bicentennial Committee (Stamford Historical Society)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManheim1998" class="citation book cs1">Manheim, Michael, ed. (1998). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Eugene O'Neil</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 97.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Eugene+O%27Neil&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom2007" class="citation book cs1">Bloom, Steven F. (2007). <i>Student Companion to Eugene O'Neil</i>. Westport: Greenwood Press. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Student+Companion+to+Eugene+O%27Neil&rft.place=Westport&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Steven+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbotson2005" class="citation book cs1">Abbotson, Susan C.W. (2005). <i>Masterpieces of 20th-Century American Drama</i>. Westport: Greenwood Press. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Masterpieces+of+20th-Century+American+Drama&rft.place=Westport&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Abbotson&rft.aufirst=Susan+C.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Neill1959" class="citation book cs1">O'Neill, Eugene (1959). <a href="/wiki/Ah,_Wilderness!" title="Ah, Wilderness!"><i>Ah, Wilderness!</i></a>. Frankfurt am Main: Hirschgraben-Verlag. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ah%2C+Wilderness%21&rft.place=Frankfurt+am+Main&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Hirschgraben-Verlag&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick_Murfin2012" class="citation web cs1">Patrick Murfin (October 16, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://patrickmurfin.blogspot.com/2012/10/the-sailor-who-became-americas.html">"The Sailor Who Became "America's Shakespeare"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Heretic, Rebel, a Thing to Flout<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Sailor+Who+Became+%22America%27s+Shakespeare%22&rft.pub=Heretic%2C+Rebel%2C+a+Thing+to+Flout&rft.date=2012-10-16&rft.au=Patrick+Murfin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpatrickmurfin.blogspot.com%2F2012%2F10%2Fthe-sailor-who-became-americas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDearborn1996" class="citation book cs1">Dearborn, Mary V. (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/queenofbohemiali00dear"><i>Queen of Bohemia: The Life of Louise Bryant</i></a></span>. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/queenofbohemiali00dear/page/52">52</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-395-68396-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-395-68396-5"><bdi>978-0-395-68396-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Queen+of+Bohemia%3A+The+Life+of+Louise+Bryant&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Company&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-395-68396-5&rft.aulast=Dearborn&rft.aufirst=Mary+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fqueenofbohemiali00dear&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlaspell1941" class="citation book cs1">Glaspell, Susan (1941) [1927]. <i>The Road to the Temple</i> (2nd ed.). New York: Frederick A. Stokes. p. 255.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+the+Temple&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=255&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Frederick+A.+Stokes&rft.date=1941&rft.aulast=Glaspell&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Web by Eugene O'Neill."<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt20p57f7.5"><i>Sex for Sale: Six Progressive-Era Brothel Dramas</i></a>, by Katie N. Johnson, University of Iowa Press, IOWA CITY, 2015, pp. 15–29. <i>JSTOR</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRenda2001" class="citation book cs1">Renda, Mary (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/takinghaiti00mary"><i>Taking Haiti: Military Occupation and the Culture of U.S. Imperialism</i></a></span>. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/takinghaiti00mary/page/198">198–212</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8078-4938-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8078-4938-3"><bdi>0-8078-4938-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taking+Haiti%3A+Military+Occupation+and+the+Culture+of+U.S.+Imperialism&rft.place=Chapel+Hill&rft.pages=198-212&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8078-4938-3&rft.aulast=Renda&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftakinghaiti00mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Gelder2003" class="citation news cs1">van Gelder, Lawrence (August 25, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/25/theater/arts-briefing.html">"Arts Briefing"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Arts+Briefing&rft.date=2003-08-25&rft.aulast=van+Gelder&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F08%2F25%2Ftheater%2Farts-briefing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Eugene+O%27Neill&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DEugene%2BO%2527Neill%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show.php?id=8113">"Nomination Database"</a>. Nobelprize.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nomination+Database&rft.pub=Nobelprize.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnomination%2Farchive%2Fshow.php%3Fid%3D8113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Neill2013" class="citation book cs1">O'Neill, Eugene (February 20, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZsvCAgAAQBAJ&dq=o%27neill+%22profoundly+influenced%22+strindberg&pg=PA2"><i>The Emperor Jones</i></a>. Courier Corporation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-15960-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-15960-7"><bdi>978-0-486-15960-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Emperor+Jones&rft.pub=Courier+Corporation&rft.date=2013-02-20&rft.isbn=978-0-486-15960-7&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZsvCAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3Do%2527neill%2B%2522profoundly%2Binfluenced%2522%2Bstrindberg%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEugene_O'Neill1936" class="citation web cs1">Eugene O'Neill (December 10, 1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1936/oneill-speech.html">"Banquet Speech"</a>. The Nobel Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Banquet+Speech&rft.pub=The+Nobel+Foundation&rft.date=1936-12-10&rft.au=Eugene+O%27Neill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fliterature%2Flaureates%2F1936%2Foneill-speech.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Törnqvist-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Törnqvist_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Törnqvist_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTörnqvist2004" class="citation book cs1">Törnqvist, Egil (January 14, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g1whggReJx4C&dq=strindberg+o%27neill+immortality&pg=PA67"><i>Eugene O'Neill: A Playwright's Theatre</i></a>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1713-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1713-1"><bdi>978-0-7864-1713-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eugene+O%27Neill%3A+A+Playwright%27s+Theatre&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2004-01-14&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-1713-1&rft.aulast=T%C3%B6rnqvist&rft.aufirst=Egil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg1whggReJx4C%26dq%3Dstrindberg%2Bo%2527neill%2Bimmortality%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1984" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Susan Harris (1984). <i>Masks in Modern Drama</i>. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 66–70, 106–08, 131–36, index S124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-05095-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-05095-9"><bdi>0-520-05095-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Masks+in+Modern+Drama&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=66-70%2C+106-08%2C+131-36%2C+index+S124&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-520-05095-9&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Susan+Harris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cheslow, Jerry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/09/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-living-point-pleasant-nj-borough-with-variety-boating.html">"If You're Thinking of Living In/Point Pleasant, N.J.; A Borough With a Variety of Boating"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, November 9, 2003. Accessed January 25, 2015. "The most famous Point Pleasant resident was Eugene O'Neill, who married a local girl named Agnes Boulton and grumbled about being bored through the winter of 1918-19, as he lived rent free in a home owned by Agnes's parents."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1929/07/24/archives/eugene-oneill-wed-to-miss-monterey-playwright-married-in-paris-to.html">"Eugene O'Neill Wed to Miss Monterey"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. July 24, 1929. p. 9<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Eugene+O%27Neill+Wed+to+Miss+Monterey&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1929-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1929%2F07%2F24%2Farchives%2Feugene-oneill-wed-to-miss-monterey-playwright-married-in-paris-to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bermuda-online.org/seewark.htm">"Bermuda's Warwick Parish"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bermuda%27s+Warwick+Parish&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbermuda-online.org%2Fseewark.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlack1999" class="citation book cs1">Black, Stephen A. (1999). <i>Eugene O'Neill: Beyond Mourning and Tragedy</i>. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. pp. 394, 481. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-07676-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-07676-2"><bdi>0-300-07676-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eugene+O%27Neill%3A+Beyond+Mourning+and+Tragedy&rft.place=New+Haven+and+London&rft.pages=394%2C+481&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-300-07676-2&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Stephen+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheaffer1973" class="citation book cs1">Sheaffer, Louis (1973). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oneillsonartist00shea"><i>O'Neill: Son and Artist</i></a></span>. Little, Brown & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-316-78337-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-316-78337-4"><bdi>0-316-78337-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=O%27Neill%3A+Son+and+Artist&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+%26+Co.&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-316-78337-4&rft.aulast=Sheaffer&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foneillsonartist00shea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Long-Days-Journey-into-Night-play-by-ONeill">"Long Day's Journey into Night | play by O'Neill"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Long+Day%27s+Journey+into+Night+%7C+play+by+O%27Neill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FLong-Days-Journey-into-Night-play-by-ONeill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-apr-13-me-19213-story.html#:~:text=Nobel%20Prize%2Dwinning%20playwright%20Eugene,New%20England%20Journal%20of%20Medicine.">Los Angeles Times, 13 April 2000</a>. Retrieved September 10, 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theoneill.org">"Eugene O'Neill Theatre Center Website"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eugene+O%27Neill+Theatre+Center+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheoneill.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaterhalloffame.org/members.html#O">"Theater Hall of Fame members"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Theater+Hall+of+Fame+members&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaterhalloffame.org%2Fmembers.html%23O&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Title as in original typescript and title page of Modern Library edition</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ex-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ex_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chronicle.com/blogs/pageview/yale-u-library-acquires-lost-play-by-eugene-oneill/29541?sid=at">"Exorcism"</a>. <i>Yale U. Library Acquires Lost Play by Eugene O'Neill</i>. Chronicle of Higher Education. October 19, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yale+U.+Library+Acquires+Lost+Play+by+Eugene+O%27Neill&rft.atitle=Exorcism&rft.date=2011-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchronicle.com%2Fblogs%2Fpageview%2Fyale-u-library-acquires-lost-play-by-eugene-oneill%2F29541%3Fsid%3Dat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span> (The play, set in 1912, is based on O'Neill's suicide attempt from an overdose of barbiturates in a Manhattan rooming house. After its premiere in 1920, O'Neill canceled the production and, it had been thought, destroyed all copies.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/10/17/exorcism-eugene-oneill">"Exorcism"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i>. October 10, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Exorcism&rft.date=2011-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2011%2F10%2F17%2Fexorcism-eugene-oneill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Neill1917" class="citation book cs1">O'Neill, Eugene (1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commoncrowbooks.com/pages/books/z07534/james-oppenhiem-randolph-bourne-with-sherwood-anderson-john-butler-yeats-eugene-oneill-peter/the-seven-arts-vol-ii-no-8-june-1917"><i>The Seven Arts</i></a> (June 1917 ed.). New York: The Seven Arts Publishing Co<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Seven+Arts&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=June+1917&rft.pub=The+Seven+Arts+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1917&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commoncrowbooks.com%2Fpages%2Fbooks%2Fz07534%2Fjames-oppenhiem-randolph-bourne-with-sherwood-anderson-john-butler-yeats-eugene-oneill-peter%2Fthe-seven-arts-vol-ii-no-8-june-1917&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'NeillYorinks1999" class="citation book cs1">O'Neill, Eugene; Yorinks, Adrienne (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140223130954/http://www.eoneill.com/texts/blemie/contents.htm"><i>The Last Will and Testament of an Extremely Distinguished Dog</i></a> (First ed.). New York: Henry Holt and Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8050-6170-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8050-6170-3"><bdi>0-8050-6170-3</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eoneill.com/texts/blemie/contents.htm">the original</a> on February 23, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Will+and+Testament+of+an+Extremely+Distinguished+Dog&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Co&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8050-6170-3&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft.au=Yorinks%2C+Adrienne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eoneill.com%2Ftexts%2Fblemie%2Fcontents.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Black, Steven A. The Eugene O’Neill Review, vol. 19, no. 1/2, 1995, pp. 150–52. JSTOR, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/29784556">http://www.jstor.org/stable/29784556</a>. Accessed 29 Dec. 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilkins, Frederick C. The Eugene O’Neill Review, vol. 13, no. 1, 1989, pp. 77–80. JSTOR, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/29784342">http://www.jstor.org/stable/29784342</a>. Accessed 29 Dec. 2023.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_O%27Neill&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Editions_of_O'Neill"><span id="Editions_of_O.27Neill"></span>Editions of O'Neill</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_O%27Neill&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Editions of O'Neill"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'NeillBogard1988" class="citation book cs1">O'Neill, Eugene; Bogard, Travis (1988). <i>Complete Plays 1913–1920</i>. <a href="/wiki/The_Library_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="The Library of America">The Library of America</a>. Vol. 40. New York: Literary Classics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-940450-48-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-940450-48-8"><bdi>0-940450-48-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Complete+Plays+1913%E2%80%931920&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=The+Library+of+America&rft.pub=Literary+Classics&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-940450-48-8&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft.au=Bogard%2C+Travis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'NeillBogard1988" class="citation book cs1">O'Neill, Eugene; Bogard, Travis (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completeplays19200onei"><i>Complete Plays 1920–1931</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Library_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="The Library of America">The Library of America</a>. Vol. 41. New York: Literary Classics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-940450-49-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-940450-49-6"><bdi>0-940450-49-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Complete+Plays+1920%E2%80%931931&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=The+Library+of+America&rft.pub=Literary+Classics&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-940450-49-6&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft.au=Bogard%2C+Travis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompleteplays19200onei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'NeillBogard1988" class="citation book cs1">O'Neill, Eugene; Bogard, Travis (1988). <i>Complete Plays 1932–1943</i>. <a href="/wiki/The_Library_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="The Library of America">The Library of America</a>. Vol. 42. New York: Literary Classics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-940450-50-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-940450-50-X"><bdi>0-940450-50-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Complete+Plays+1932%E2%80%931943&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=The+Library+of+America&rft.pub=Literary+Classics&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-940450-50-X&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft.au=Bogard%2C+Travis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scholarly_works">Scholarly works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_O%27Neill&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Scholarly works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlack,_Stephen_A.2002" class="citation book cs1">Black, Stephen A. (2002). <i>Eugene O'Neill: Beyond Mourning and Tragedy</i>. Yale University press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-09399-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-09399-3"><bdi>0-300-09399-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eugene+O%27Neill%3A+Beyond+Mourning+and+Tragedy&rft.pub=Yale+University+press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-300-09399-3&rft.au=Black%2C+Stephen+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Bryan, George B. and <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Mieder" title="Wolfgang Mieder">Wolfgang Mieder</a>. 1995. <i>The Proverbial Eugene O'Neill. An Index to Proverbs in the Works of Eugene Gladstone O'Neill</i>. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark,_Barrett_H.1932" class="citation journal cs1">Clark, Barrett H. (November 1932). "Aeschylus and O'Neill". <i>The English Journal</i>. <b>XXI</b> (9): 699–710. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F804473">10.2307/804473</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/804473">804473</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+English+Journal&rft.atitle=Aeschylus+and+O%27Neill&rft.volume=XXI&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=699-710&rft.date=1932-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F804473&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F804473%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Clark%2C+Barrett+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark,_Barrett_H.1926" class="citation book cs1">Clark, Barrett H. (1926). <i>Eugene O'Neill: The Man and His Plays</i>. Dover Publications, Inc. New York.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eugene+O%27Neill%3A+The+Man+and+His+Plays&rft.pub=Dover+Publications%2C+Inc.+New+York&rft.date=1926&rft.au=Clark%2C+Barrett+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowling,_Robert_M.2014" class="citation book cs1">Dowling, Robert M. (2014). <i>Eugene O'Neill: A Life in Four Acts</i>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-17033-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-17033-7"><bdi>978-0-300-17033-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eugene+O%27Neill%3A+A+Life+in+Four+Acts&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-300-17033-7&rft.au=Dowling%2C+Robert+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFloyd,_Virginia1979" class="citation book cs1">Floyd, Virginia, ed. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eugeneoneill00ehis"><i>Eugene O'Neill: A World View</i></a>. Frederick Unger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8044-2204-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8044-2204-4"><bdi>0-8044-2204-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eugene+O%27Neill%3A+A+World+View&rft.pub=Frederick+Unger&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-8044-2204-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feugeneoneill00ehis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFloyd,_Virginia1985" class="citation book cs1">Floyd, Virginia (1985). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/playsofeugeneone0000floy"><i>The Plays of Eugene O'Neill: A New Assessment</i></a></span>. Frederick Unger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8044-2206-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8044-2206-0"><bdi>0-8044-2206-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Plays+of+Eugene+O%27Neill%3A+A+New+Assessment&rft.pub=Frederick+Unger&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-8044-2206-0&rft.au=Floyd%2C+Virginia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fplaysofeugeneone0000floy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelb,_ArthurGelb,_Barbara2000" class="citation book cs1">Gelb, Arthur; Gelb, Barbara (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oneilllifewithmo00gelb"><i>O'Neill: Life with Monte Christo</i></a>. Applause/Penguin Putnam. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-399-14912-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-399-14912-0"><bdi>0-399-14912-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=O%27Neill%3A+Life+with+Monte+Christo&rft.pub=Applause%2FPenguin+Putnam&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-399-14912-0&rft.au=Gelb%2C+Arthur&rft.au=Gelb%2C+Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foneilllifewithmo00gelb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelb,_ArthurGelb,_Barbara2016" class="citation book cs1">Gelb, Arthur; Gelb, Barbara (2016). <i>By Women Possessed: A Life of Eugene O'Neill</i>. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-399-15911-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-399-15911-4"><bdi>978-0-399-15911-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=By+Women+Possessed%3A+A+Life+of+Eugene+O%27Neill&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=G.+P.+Putnam%27s+Sons&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-399-15911-4&rft.au=Gelb%2C+Arthur&rft.au=Gelb%2C+Barbara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheaffer,_Louis2002" class="citation book cs1">Sheaffer, Louis (2002) [1968]. <i>O'Neill Volume I: Son and Playwright</i>. Cooper Square Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8154-1243-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8154-1243-6"><bdi>0-8154-1243-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=O%27Neill+Volume+I%3A+Son+and+Playwright&rft.pub=Cooper+Square+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-8154-1243-6&rft.au=Sheaffer%2C+Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheaffer,_Louis1999" class="citation book cs1">Sheaffer, Louis (1999) [1973]. <i>O'Neill Volume II: Son and Artist</i>. Cooper Square Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8154-1244-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8154-1244-4"><bdi>0-8154-1244-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=O%27Neill+Volume+II%3A+Son+and+Artist&rft.pub=Cooper+Square+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8154-1244-4&rft.au=Sheaffer%2C+Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTiusanen,_Timo1968" class="citation book cs1">Tiusanen, Timo (1968). <i>O'Neill's Scenic Images</i> (Ph.D. thesis, University of Helsinki). Princeton: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/68-20882">68-20882</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=O%27Neill%27s+Scenic+Images&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F68-20882&rft.au=Tiusanen%2C+Timo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWainscott,_Ronald_H.1988" class="citation book cs1">Wainscott, Ronald H. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stagingoneillexp00wain"><i>Staging O'Neill: The Experimental Years</i></a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-04152-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-04152-7"><bdi>0-300-04152-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Staging+O%27Neill%3A+The+Experimental+Years&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-300-04152-7&rft.au=Wainscott%2C+Ronald+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstagingoneillexp00wain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinther,_Sophus_Keith1934" class="citation book cs1">Winther, Sophus Keith (1934). <i>Eugene O'Neill: A Critical Study</i>. New York: Random House. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/900356">900356</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eugene+O%27Neill%3A+A+Critical+Study&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1934&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F900356&rft.au=Winther%2C+Sophus+Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+O%27Neill" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_O%27Neill&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Eugene O'Neill</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Eugene_O%27Neill" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Eugene O'Neill">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" class="extiw" title="q:Eugene O'Neill">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Eugene_O%27Neill" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Eugene O'Neill">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Collaborative_play_writing/Warnings" class="extiw" title="v:Collaborative play writing/Warnings">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <dl><dt>Digital collections</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/eugene-oneill">Works by Eugene O'Neill in eBook form</a> at <a href="/wiki/Standard_Ebooks" title="Standard Ebooks">Standard Ebooks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/1359">Works by Eugene O'Neill</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gutenberg.net.au/plusfifty-n-z.html#letterO">Works by Eugene O'Neill</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gutenberg.net.au">Project Gutenberg Australia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL28035A">Works by Eugene O'Neill</a> at <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93157#P648" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22O'Neill%2C%20Eugene%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Eugene%20O'Neill%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22O'Neill%2C%20Eugene%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Eugene%20O'Neill%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Eugene%20O'Neill%22%20OR%20description%3A%22O'Neill%2C%20Eugene%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Eugene%20O'Neill%22%20OR%20%22O'Neill%2C%20Eugene%22%20OR%20%22Eugene%20O'Neill%22%29%20OR%20%28%221888-1953%22%20AND%20%28%22O'Neill%22%20OR%20O'Neill%29%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Eugene O'Neill</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/1785">Works by Eugene O'Neill</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikilivres.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill">Works by Eugene O'Neill</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> (public domain in Canada)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Physical collections</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/fasearch/findingAid.cfm?eadID=00537">Eugene O'Neill Collection.</a> <a href="/wiki/Harry_Ransom_Center" title="Harry Ransom Center">Harry Ransom Center</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://hdl.handle.net/10079/fa/beinecke.eopapers" class="extiw" title="hdl:10079/fa/beinecke.eopapers">Eugene O'Neill Papers</a>. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.</li> <li><a href="https://hdl.handle.net/10079/fa/beinecke.oneilladd" class="extiw" title="hdl:10079/fa/beinecke.oneilladd">Eugene O'Neill Papers Addition</a>. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.nypl.org/the/21429">Carlotta O'Neill notebook of letters and photographs, 1927-1954</a>, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="New York Public Library for the Performing Arts">New York Public Library for the Performing Arts</a>. The notebook contains handwritten transcriptions by Carlotta O'Neill of letters and inscriptions to her from her husband, Eugene O'Neill, and photographs, mostly portraits of Eugene and Carlotta O'Neill.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aspace.wustl.edu/repositories/6/resources/459">Harley Hammerman Collection on Eugene O'Neill</a>. Julian Edison Department of Special Collections, Washington University in St. Louis.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aspace.conncoll.edu/repositories/2/resources/76">Louis Sheaffer Collection of Eugene O'Neill</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.conncoll.edu/library-information-technology/libraries/libraries-locations/linda-lear-center-for-special-collections-and-arc/">Linda Lear Center for Special Collections and Archives</a>, Connecticut College.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Analysis and editorials</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100414002519/http://www.bu.edu/today/node/9594">Haunted by Eugene O'Neill</a>—Article in <i>BU Today</i>, September 29, 2009</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mcnyblog.org/2012/11/27/eugene-oneill-the-sailor-the-sickness-the-stage/">Eugene O'Neill: the sailor, the sickness, the stage</a> from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mcnyblog.org/">Museum of the City of New York Collections blog</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cummingsstudyguides.net/Guides2/Iceman.html#Top">The Iceman Cometh: A Study Guide</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Seminal dissertations by scholars</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://eoneill.com/library/dissertations.htm">[1]</a></li> <li>Eugene O’Neill e Lars Norén: “A Swedish-American Kinship” by Anna Airoldi</li> <li>Postmodern Considerations of Nietzstchean Perspectivism in Selected Works of Eugene O'Neill by Eric Mathew Levin</li> <li>The Pipe Dreams and Primitivism: Eugene O'Neill and the Rhetoric of Ethnicity by Donald P. Gagnon</li> <li>The Discovery of the Self in Eugene O'Neill's <i>The Emperor Jones</i> and <i>The Iceman Cometh</i> and Joseph Conrad's <i>Heart of Darkness</i> and "To-morrow": A Comparative Study by Mohamed Amine Dekkiche</li> <li>"Darker Brother" in Stage-Center: Eugene O'Neill's Quest for Racial Equity in Three Decades (1913-1939) of American Drama by Shahed Ahmed</li></ul> <dl><dt>External entries</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/5463">Eugene O'Neill</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Broadway_Database" title="Internet Broadway Database">Internet Broadway Database</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93157#P1220" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobdb.com/CreditableEntity/3492">Eugene O'Neill</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Off-Broadway_Database" title="Internet Off-Broadway Database">Internet Off-Broadway Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0642156/">Eugene O'Neill</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.playbill.com/person/eugene-oneill-vault-0000013137">Eugene O'Neill</a> at <a href="/wiki/Playbill#Other_media" title="Playbill"><i>Playbill</i> Vault</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120411195833/http://www.playbillvault.com/Person/Detail/13137/Eugene-ONeill">archive</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Other sources</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eoneill.com/">Eugene O'Neill official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.casagenotta.com/">Casa Genotta official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/euon/">Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/oneill/">American Experience - Eugene O'Neill: A Documentary Film on PBS</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170201150557/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/oneill/">Archived</a> February 1, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/608">Eugene O'Neill</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93157#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF179;">Awards and achievements </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Warren_S._Stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Warren S. Stone">Warren S. Stone</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_covers_of_Time_magazine_(1920s)" title="List of covers of Time magazine (1920s)">Cover of <i>Time</i> magazine</a> </b><br />March 17, 1924 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Raymond Poincaré</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eugene_O&#039;Neill" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Zone_(play)" title="In the Zone (play)">In the Zone</a></i> (1917)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beyond_the_Horizon_(play)" title="Beyond the Horizon (play)">Beyond the Horizon</a></i> (1918)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Emperor_Jones" title="The Emperor Jones">The Emperor Jones</a></i> (1920)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anna_Christie" title="Anna Christie">Anna Christie</a></i> (1921)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diff%27rent" title="Diff'rent">Diff'rent</a></i> (1921)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hairy_Ape" title="The Hairy Ape">The Hairy Ape</a></i> (1922)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_God%27s_Chillun_Got_Wings_(play)" title="All God's Chillun Got Wings (play)">All God's Chillun Got Wings</a></i> (1924)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Desire_Under_the_Elms" title="Desire Under the Elms">Desire Under the Elms</a></i> (1925)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Laughed" title="Lazarus Laughed">Lazarus Laughed</a></i> (1925–26)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_God_Brown" title="The Great God Brown">The Great God Brown</a></i> (1926)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Strange_Interlude" title="Strange Interlude">Strange Interlude</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dynamo_(play)" title="Dynamo (play)">Dynamo</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mourning_Becomes_Electra" title="Mourning Becomes Electra">Mourning Becomes Electra</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ah,_Wilderness!" title="Ah, Wilderness!">Ah, Wilderness!</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/More_Stately_Mansions" title="More Stately Mansions">More Stately Mansions</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Iceman_Cometh" title="The Iceman Cometh">The Iceman Cometh</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hughie" title="Hughie">Hughie</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Long_Day%27s_Journey_into_Night" title="Long Day's Journey into Night">Long Day's Journey into Night</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Touch_of_the_Poet" title="A Touch of the Poet">A Touch of the Poet</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Moon_for_the_Misbegotten" title="A Moon for the Misbegotten">A Moon for the Misbegotten</a></i> (1943)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Anna Christie</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anna_Christie_(1923_film)" title="Anna Christie (1923 film)">Anna Christie</a></i> (1923 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anna_Christie_(1930_English-language_film)" title="Anna Christie (1930 English-language film)">Anna Christie</a></i> (1930 English-language film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anna_Christie_(1930_German-language_film)" title="Anna Christie (1930 German-language film)">Anna Christie</a></i> (1930 German-language film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Girl_in_Town" title="New Girl in Town">New Girl in Town</a></i> (1957 musical)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>The Emperor Jones</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Emperor_Jones_(1933_film)" title="The Emperor Jones (1933 film)">The Emperor Jones</a></i> (1933 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Emperor_Jones_(opera)" title="The Emperor Jones (opera)">The Emperor Jones</a></i> (1933 opera)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Emperor_Jones_(1953_TV_play)" title="The Emperor Jones (1953 TV play)">The Emperor Jones</a></i> (1953 TV play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Emperor_Jones_(1955_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Emperor Jones (1955 film)">The Emperor Jones</a></i> (1955 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Emperor_Jones_(1960_TV_play)" title="The Emperor Jones (1960 TV play)">The Emperor Jones</a></i> (1960 Australian TV play)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Mourning Becomes Electra</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mourning_Becomes_Electra_(film)" title="Mourning Becomes Electra (film)">Mourning Becomes Electra</a></i> (1947 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mourning_Becomes_Electra_(opera)" title="Mourning Becomes Electra (opera)">Mourning Becomes Electra</a></i> (1967 opera)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Ah, Wilderness!</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ah,_Wilderness!_(film)" title="Ah, Wilderness! (film)">Ah, Wilderness!</a></i> (1935 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summer_Holiday_(1948_film)" title="Summer Holiday (1948 film)">Summer Holiday</a></i> (1948 musical film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Take_Me_Along" title="Take Me Along">Take Me Along</a></i> (1959 musical)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>The Iceman Cometh</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Iceman_Cometh_(The_Play_of_the_Week)" title="The Iceman Cometh (The Play of the Week)">The Iceman Cometh</a></i> (1960 TV play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Iceman_Cometh_(1973_film)" title="The Iceman Cometh (1973 film)">The Iceman Cometh</a></i> (1973 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Long Day's Journey into Night</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Long_Day%27s_Journey_into_Night_(1962_film)" title="Long Day's Journey into Night (1962 film)">Long Day's Journey into Night</a></i> (1962 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Long_Day%27s_Journey_into_Night_(1973_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Day's Journey into Night (1973 film)">Long Day's Journey into Night</a></i> (1973 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Long_Day%27s_Journey_into_Night_(1996_film)" title="Long Day's Journey into Night (1996 film)">Long Day's Journey into Night</a></i> (1996 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Strange_Interlude_(film)" title="Strange Interlude (film)">Strange Interlude</a></i> (1932 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Constant_Woman" title="The Constant Woman">The Constant Woman</a></i> (1933 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Long_Voyage_Home" title="The Long Voyage Home">The Long Voyage Home</a></i> (1940 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hairy_Ape_(film)" title="The Hairy Ape (film)">The Hairy Ape</a></i> (1943 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Desire_Under_the_Elms_(film)" title="Desire Under the Elms (film)">Desire Under the Elms</a></i> (1958 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_O%27Neill_(actor,_born_1847)" title="James O'Neill (actor, born 1847)">James O'Neill</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_O%27Neill" title="Ella O'Neill">Ella O'Neill</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill_Jr." title="Eugene O'Neill Jr.">Eugene O'Neill Jr.</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Boulton" title="Agnes Boulton">Agnes Boulton</a> (second wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlotta_Monterey" title="Carlotta Monterey">Carlotta Monterey</a> (third wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oona_O%27Neill" title="Oona O'Neill">Oona O'Neill</a> (daughter)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill_National_Historic_Site" title="Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site">Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill_Award" title="Eugene O'Neill Award">Eugene O'Neill Award</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Face_of_a_Genius" title="The Face of a Genius">The Face of a Genius</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Cristo_Cottage" title="Monte Cristo Cottage">Monte Cristo Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reds_(film)" title="Reds (film)"><i>Reds</i></a> (1981 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Template:Nobel Prize in Literature"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Template talk:Nobel Prize in Literature"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Prize in Literature"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Literature" title="List of Nobel laureates in Literature">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1920</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1901_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1901 Nobel Prize in Literature">1901</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sully_Prudhomme" title="Sully Prudhomme">Sully Prudhomme</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1902_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1902 Nobel Prize in Literature">1902</a>: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Theodor Mommsen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1903_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1903 Nobel Prize in Literature">1903</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B8rnson" title="Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson">Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1904_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1904 Nobel Prize in Literature">1904</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral" title="Frédéric Mistral">Frédéric Mistral</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray">José Echegaray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1905_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1905 Nobel Prize in Literature">1905</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Sienkiewicz" title="Henryk Sienkiewicz">Henryk Sienkiewicz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1906_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1906 Nobel Prize in Literature">1906</a>: <a href="/wiki/Giosu%C3%A8_Carducci" title="Giosuè Carducci">Giosuè Carducci</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1907_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1907 Nobel Prize in Literature">1907</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1908_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1908 Nobel Prize in Literature">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Christoph_Eucken" title="Rudolf Christoph Eucken">Rudolf Eucken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1909_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1909 Nobel Prize in Literature">1909</a>: <a href="/wiki/Selma_Lagerl%C3%B6f" title="Selma Lagerlöf">Selma Lagerlöf</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1910_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1910 Nobel Prize in Literature">1910</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Heyse" title="Paul Heyse">Paul Heyse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1911_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1911 Nobel Prize in Literature">1911</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck" title="Maurice Maeterlinck">Maurice Maeterlinck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1912_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1912 Nobel Prize in Literature">1912</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Gerhart Hauptmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1913_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1913 Nobel Prize in Literature">1913</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1914_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1914 Nobel Prize in Literature">1914</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1915_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1915 Nobel Prize in Literature">1915</a>: <a href="/wiki/Romain_Rolland" title="Romain Rolland">Romain Rolland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1916_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1916 Nobel Prize in Literature">1916</a>: <a href="/wiki/Verner_von_Heidenstam" title="Verner von Heidenstam">Verner von Heidenstam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1917_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1917 Nobel Prize in Literature">1917</a>: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Adolph_Gjellerup" title="Karl Adolph Gjellerup">Karl Gjellerup</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Pontoppidan" title="Henrik Pontoppidan">Henrik Pontoppidan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1918_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1918 Nobel Prize in Literature">1918</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1919_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1919 Nobel Prize in Literature">1919</a>: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Spitteler" title="Carl Spitteler">Carl Spitteler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1920_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1920 Nobel Prize in Literature">1920</a>: <a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Knut Hamsun</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1921–1940</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1921_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1921 Nobel Prize in Literature">1921</a>: <a href="/wiki/Anatole_France" title="Anatole France">Anatole France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1922_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1922 Nobel Prize in Literature">1922</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Benavente" title="Jacinto Benavente">Jacinto Benavente</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1923_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1923 Nobel Prize in Literature">1923</a>: <a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1923_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1923 Nobel Prize in Literature">1924</a>: <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont">Władysław Reymont</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1925_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1925 Nobel Prize in Literature">1925</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1926_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1926 Nobel Prize in Literature">1926</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grazia_Deledda" title="Grazia Deledda">Grazia Deledda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1927_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1927 Nobel Prize in Literature">1927</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Henri Bergson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1928_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1928 Nobel Prize in Literature">1928</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Undset" title="Sigrid Undset">Sigrid Undset</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1929_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1929 Nobel Prize in Literature">1929</a>: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1930_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1930 Nobel Prize in Literature">1930</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Lewis" title="Sinclair Lewis">Sinclair Lewis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1931_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1931 Nobel Prize in Literature">1931</a>: <a href="/wiki/Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt" title="Erik Axel Karlfeldt">Erik Axel Karlfeldt</a> (<i>posthumously</i>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1932_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1932 Nobel Prize in Literature">1932</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Galsworthy" title="John Galsworthy">John Galsworthy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1933_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1933 Nobel Prize in Literature">1933</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Bunin" title="Ivan Bunin">Ivan Bunin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1934_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1934 Nobel Prize in Literature">1934</a>: <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Luigi Pirandello</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1935_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1935 Nobel Prize in Literature">1935</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1936_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1936 Nobel Prize in Literature">1936</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eugene O'Neill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1937_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1937 Nobel Prize in Literature">1937</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Martin_du_Gard" title="Roger Martin du Gard">Roger Martin du Gard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1938_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1938 Nobel Prize in Literature">1938</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1939_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1939 Nobel Prize in Literature">1939</a>: <a href="/wiki/Frans_Eemil_Sillanp%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Frans Eemil Sillanpää">Frans Eemil Sillanpää</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1940_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1940 Nobel Prize in Literature">1940</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1941–1960</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1941_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1941 Nobel Prize in Literature">1941</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1942_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1942 Nobel Prize in Literature">1942</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1943_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1943 Nobel Prize in Literature">1943</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1944_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1944 Nobel Prize in Literature">1944</a>: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_V._Jensen" title="Johannes V. Jensen">Johannes V. Jensen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1945_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1945 Nobel Prize in Literature">1945</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Mistral" title="Gabriela Mistral">Gabriela Mistral</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1946_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1946 Nobel Prize in Literature">1946</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hermann Hesse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1947_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1947 Nobel Prize in Literature">1947</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">André Gide</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1948_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1948 Nobel Prize in Literature">1948</a>: <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1949_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1949 Nobel Prize in Literature">1949</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1950_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1950 Nobel Prize in Literature">1950</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1951_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1951 Nobel Prize in Literature">1951</a>: <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4r_Lagerkvist" title="Pär Lagerkvist">Pär Lagerkvist</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1952_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1952 Nobel Prize in Literature">1952</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac" title="François Mauriac">François Mauriac</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1953_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1953 Nobel Prize in Literature">1953</a>: <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1954_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1954 Nobel Prize in Literature">1954</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1955_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1955 Nobel Prize in Literature">1955</a>: <a href="/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness">Halldór Laxness</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1956_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1956 Nobel Prize in Literature">1956</a>: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ram%C3%B3n_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Juan Ramón Jiménez">Juan Ramón Jiménez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1957_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1957 Nobel Prize in Literature">1957</a>: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1958_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1958 Nobel Prize in Literature">1958</a>: <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pasternak" title="Boris Pasternak">Boris Pasternak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1959_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1959 Nobel Prize in Literature">1959</a>: <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Quasimodo" title="Salvatore Quasimodo">Salvatore Quasimodo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1960_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1960 Nobel Prize in Literature">1960</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saint-John_Perse" title="Saint-John Perse">Saint-John Perse</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1961–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1961_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1961 Nobel Prize in Literature">1961</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Andri%C4%87" title="Ivo Andrić">Ivo Andrić</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1962_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1962 Nobel Prize in Literature">1962</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1963_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1963 Nobel Prize in Literature">1963</a>: <a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis" title="Giorgos Seferis">Giorgos Seferis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1964_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1964 Nobel Prize in Literature">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> (declined award)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1965_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1965 Nobel Prize in Literature">1965</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Sholokhov" title="Mikhail Sholokhov">Mikhail Sholokhov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1966_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1966 Nobel Prize in Literature">1966</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shmuel_Yosef_Agnon" title="Shmuel Yosef Agnon">Shmuel Yosef Agnon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs" title="Nelly Sachs">Nelly Sachs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1967_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1967 Nobel Prize in Literature">1967</a>: <a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias" title="Miguel Ángel Asturias">Miguel Ángel Asturias</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1968_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1968 Nobel Prize in Literature">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yasunari_Kawabata" title="Yasunari Kawabata">Yasunari Kawabata</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1969_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1969 Nobel Prize in Literature">1969</a>: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1970_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1970 Nobel Prize in Literature">1970</a>: <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1971_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1971 Nobel Prize in Literature">1971</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Neruda" title="Pablo Neruda">Pablo Neruda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1972_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1972 Nobel Prize in Literature">1972</a>: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll">Heinrich Böll</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1973_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1973 Nobel Prize in Literature">1973</a>: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_White" title="Patrick White">Patrick White</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1974_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1974 Nobel Prize in Literature">1974</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Eyvind Johnson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson">Harry Martinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1975_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1975 Nobel Prize in Literature">1975</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Montale" title="Eugenio Montale">Eugenio Montale</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1976_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1976 Nobel Prize in Literature">1976</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1977_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1977 Nobel Prize in Literature">1977</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Aleixandre" title="Vicente Aleixandre">Vicente Aleixandre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1978_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1978 Nobel Prize in Literature">1978</a>: <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer" title="Isaac Bashevis Singer">Isaac Bashevis Singer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1979_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1979 Nobel Prize in Literature">1979</a>: <a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis" title="Odysseas Elytis">Odysseas Elytis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1980_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1980 Nobel Prize in Literature">1980</a>: <a href="/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_Mi%C5%82osz" title="Czesław Miłosz">Czesław Miłosz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1981_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1981 Nobel Prize in Literature">1981</a>: <a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Elias Canetti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1982_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1982 Nobel Prize in Literature">1982</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Gabriel García Márquez">Gabriel García Márquez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1983_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1983 Nobel Prize in Literature">1983</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Golding" title="William Golding">William Golding</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1984_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1984 Nobel Prize in Literature">1984</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Seifert" title="Jaroslav Seifert">Jaroslav Seifert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1985_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1985 Nobel Prize in Literature">1985</a>: <a href="/wiki/Claude_Simon" title="Claude Simon">Claude Simon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1986_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1986 Nobel Prize in Literature">1986</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wole_Soyinka" title="Wole Soyinka">Wole Soyinka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1987_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1987 Nobel Prize in Literature">1987</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky">Joseph Brodsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1988_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1988 Nobel Prize in Literature">1988</a>: <a href="/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz">Naguib Mahfouz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1989_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1989 Nobel Prize in Literature">1989</a>: <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Jos%C3%A9_Cela" title="Camilo José Cela">Camilo José Cela</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1990_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1990 Nobel Prize in Literature">1990</a>: <a href="/wiki/Octavio_Paz" title="Octavio Paz">Octavio Paz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1991_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1991 Nobel Prize in Literature">1991</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nadine_Gordimer" title="Nadine Gordimer">Nadine Gordimer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1992_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1992 Nobel Prize in Literature">1992</a>: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Walcott" title="Derek Walcott">Derek Walcott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1993_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1993 Nobel Prize in Literature">1993</a>: <a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1994_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1994 Nobel Prize in Literature">1994</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kenzabur%C5%8D_%C5%8Ce" title="Kenzaburō Ōe">Kenzaburō Ōe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1995_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1995 Nobel Prize in Literature">1995</a>: <a href="/wiki/Seamus_Heaney" title="Seamus Heaney">Seamus Heaney</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1996_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1996 Nobel Prize in Literature">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wis%C5%82awa_Szymborska" title="Wisława Szymborska">Wisława Szymborska</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1997_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1997 Nobel Prize in Literature">1997</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dario_Fo" title="Dario Fo">Dario Fo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1998_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1998 Nobel Prize in Literature">1998</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramago" title="José Saramago">José Saramago</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1999_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1999 Nobel Prize in Literature">1999</a>: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2000_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2000 Nobel Prize in Literature">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian">Gao Xingjian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2001_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2001 Nobel Prize in Literature">2001</a>: <a href="/wiki/V._S._Naipaul" title="V. S. Naipaul">V. S. Naipaul</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2002 Nobel Prize in Literature">2002</a>: <a href="/wiki/Imre_Kert%C3%A9sz" title="Imre Kertész">Imre Kertész</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2003_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2003 Nobel Prize in Literature">2003</a>: <a href="/wiki/J._M._Coetzee" title="J. M. Coetzee">J. M. Coetzee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2004 Nobel Prize in Literature">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek" title="Elfriede Jelinek">Elfriede Jelinek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2005 Nobel Prize in Literature">2005</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2006 Nobel Prize in Literature">2006</a>: <a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Orhan Pamuk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2007 Nobel Prize in Literature">2007</a>: <a href="/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing">Doris Lessing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2008 Nobel Prize in Literature">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/J._M._G._Le_Cl%C3%A9zio" title="J. M. G. Le Clézio">J. M. G. Le Clézio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2009 Nobel Prize in Literature">2009</a>: <a href="/wiki/Herta_M%C3%BCller" title="Herta Müller">Herta Müller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2010 Nobel Prize in Literature">2010</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa" title="Mario Vargas Llosa">Mario Vargas Llosa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2011 Nobel Prize in Literature">2011</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Transtr%C3%B6mer" title="Tomas Tranströmer">Tomas Tranströmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2012 Nobel Prize in Literature">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mo_Yan" title="Mo Yan">Mo Yan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2013 Nobel Prize in Literature">2013</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alice_Munro" title="Alice Munro">Alice Munro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2014 Nobel Prize in Literature">2014</a>: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Modiano" title="Patrick Modiano">Patrick Modiano</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2015 Nobel Prize in Literature">2015</a>: <a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Alexievich" title="Svetlana Alexievich">Svetlana Alexievich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2016_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2016 Nobel Prize in Literature">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2017 Nobel Prize in Literature">2017</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kazuo_Ishiguro" title="Kazuo Ishiguro">Kazuo Ishiguro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2018 Nobel Prize in Literature">2018</a>: <a href="/wiki/Olga_Tokarczuk" title="Olga Tokarczuk">Olga Tokarczuk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2019 Nobel Prize in Literature">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2020 Nobel Prize in Literature">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Louise_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Louise Glück">Louise Glück</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2021 Nobel Prize in Literature">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abdulrazak_Gurnah" title="Abdulrazak Gurnah">Abdulrazak Gurnah</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2022 Nobel Prize in Literature">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Annie_Ernaux" title="Annie Ernaux">Annie Ernaux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2023 Nobel Prize in Literature">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jon_Fosse" title="Jon Fosse">Jon Fosse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2024_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2024 Nobel Prize in Literature">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Han_Kang" title="Han Kang">Han Kang</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1936_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1936_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1936 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1936_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:1936 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1936_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1936 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1936_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1936 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a> (Netherlands)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1936_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1936 Nobel Prize in Literature">1936</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eugene O'Neill</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas" title="Carlos Saavedra Lamas">Carlos Saavedra Lamas</a> (Argentina)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Francis_Hess" title="Victor Francis Hess">Victor Francis Hess</a> (Austria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">Carl David Anderson</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Henry Hallett Dale</a> (Great Britain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Otto Loewi</a> (Austria)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1931_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1931 Nobel Prize winners">1931</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1932_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1932 Nobel Prize winners">1932</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1933_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1933 Nobel Prize winners">1933</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1934_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1934 Nobel Prize winners">1934</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1935_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1935 Nobel Prize winners">1935</a></dd> <dd><b>1936 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1937_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1937 Nobel Prize winners">1937</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1938_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1938 Nobel Prize winners">1938</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1939_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1939 Nobel Prize winners">1939</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:1940_Nobel_Prize_winners&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:1940 Nobel Prize winners (page does not exist)">1940</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:1941_Nobel_Prize_winners&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:1941 Nobel Prize winners (page does not exist)">1941</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pulitzer_Prize_for_Drama:_Authors" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_DramaAuthors" title="Template:PulitzerPrize DramaAuthors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PulitzerPrize_DramaAuthors" title="Template talk:PulitzerPrize DramaAuthors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize_DramaAuthors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize DramaAuthors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pulitzer_Prize_for_Drama:_Authors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Drama" title="Pulitzer Prize for Drama">Pulitzer Prize for Drama</a>: Authors</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Lynch_Williams" title="Jesse Lynch Williams">Jesse Lynch Williams</a> (1918)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eugene O'Neill</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zona_Gale" title="Zona Gale">Zona Gale</a> (1921)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eugene O'Neill</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Davis" title="Owen Davis">Owen Davis</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatcher_Hughes" title="Hatcher Hughes">Hatcher Hughes</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Howard" title="Sidney Howard">Sidney Howard</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Kelly_(playwright)" title="George Kelly (playwright)">George Kelly</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Green_(playwright)" title="Paul Green (playwright)">Paul Green</a> (1927)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eugene O'Neill</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Rice" title="Elmer Rice">Elmer Rice</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Connelly" title="Marc Connelly">Marc Connelly</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Glaspell" title="Susan Glaspell">Susan Glaspell</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Kaufman" title="George S. Kaufman">George S. Kaufman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morrie_Ryskind" title="Morrie Ryskind">Morrie Ryskind</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ira_Gershwin" title="Ira Gershwin">Ira Gershwin</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Anderson" title="Maxwell Anderson">Maxwell Anderson</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Kingsley" title="Sidney Kingsley">Sidney Kingsley</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoe_Akins" title="Zoe Akins">Zoe Akins</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Sherwood" title="Robert E. Sherwood">Robert E. Sherwood</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moss_Hart" title="Moss Hart">Moss Hart</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_S._Kaufman" title="George S. Kaufman">George S. Kaufman</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornton_Wilder" title="Thornton Wilder">Thornton Wilder</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Sherwood" title="Robert E. Sherwood">Robert E. Sherwood</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Saroyan" title="William Saroyan">William Saroyan</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Sherwood" title="Robert E. Sherwood">Robert E. Sherwood</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornton_Wilder" title="Thornton Wilder">Thornton Wilder</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Chase_(playwright)" title="Mary Chase (playwright)">Mary Chase</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russel_Crouse" title="Russel Crouse">Russel Crouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Lindsay" title="Howard Lindsay">Howard Lindsay</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Williams" title="Tennessee Williams">Tennessee Williams</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Logan" title="Joshua Logan">Joshua Logan</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kramm" title="Joseph Kramm">Joseph Kramm</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Inge" title="William Inge">William Inge</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Patrick_(dramatist)" title="John Patrick (dramatist)">John Patrick</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Williams" title="Tennessee Williams">Tennessee Williams</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Hackett" title="Albert Hackett">Albert Hackett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frances_Goodrich" title="Frances Goodrich">Frances Goodrich</a> (1956)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eugene O'Neill</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketti_Frings" title="Ketti Frings">Ketti Frings</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_MacLeish" title="Archibald MacLeish">Archibald MacLeish</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Weidman" title="Jerome Weidman">Jerome Weidman</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Bock" title="Jerry Bock">Jerry Bock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Harnick" title="Sheldon Harnick">Sheldon Harnick</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tad_Mosel" title="Tad Mosel">Tad Mosel</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Loesser" title="Frank Loesser">Frank Loesser</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abe_Burrows" title="Abe Burrows">Abe Burrows</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_D._Gilroy" title="Frank D. Gilroy">Frank D. Gilroy</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Sackler" title="Howard Sackler">Howard Sackler</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gordone" title="Charles Gordone">Charles Gordone</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Zindel" title="Paul Zindel">Paul Zindel</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Miller_(playwright)" title="Jason Miller (playwright)">Jason Miller</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bennett_(theater)" title="Michael Bennett (theater)">Michael Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Dante" title="Nicholas Dante">Nicholas Dante</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Kirkwood_Jr." title="James Kirkwood Jr.">James Kirkwood Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Hamlisch" title="Marvin Hamlisch">Marvin Hamlisch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Kleban" title="Edward Kleban">Edward Kleban</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cristofer" title="Michael Cristofer">Michael Cristofer</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_L._Coburn" title="Donald L. Coburn">Donald L. Coburn</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Shepard" title="Sam Shepard">Sam Shepard</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanford_Wilson" title="Lanford Wilson">Lanford Wilson</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Henley" title="Beth Henley">Beth Henley</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fuller" title="Charles Fuller">Charles Fuller</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Norman" title="Marsha Norman">Marsha Norman</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mamet" title="David Mamet">David Mamet</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lapine" title="James Lapine">James Lapine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Wilson" title="August Wilson">August Wilson</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Uhry" title="Alfred Uhry">Alfred Uhry</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Wasserstein" title="Wendy Wasserstein">Wendy Wasserstein</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Wilson" title="August Wilson">August Wilson</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Simon" title="Neil Simon">Neil Simon</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schenkkan" title="Robert Schenkkan">Robert Schenkkan</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Kushner" title="Tony Kushner">Tony Kushner</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horton_Foote" title="Horton Foote">Horton Foote</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Larson" title="Jonathan Larson">Jonathan Larson</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Vogel" title="Paula Vogel">Paula Vogel</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Edson" title="Margaret Edson">Margaret Edson</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Margulies" title="Donald Margulies">Donald Margulies</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Auburn" title="David Auburn">David Auburn</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzan-Lori_Parks" title="Suzan-Lori Parks">Suzan-Lori Parks</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilo_Cruz" title="Nilo Cruz">Nilo Cruz</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Wright" title="Doug Wright">Doug Wright</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Patrick_Shanley" title="John Patrick Shanley">John Patrick Shanley</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lindsay-Abaire" title="David Lindsay-Abaire">David Lindsay-Abaire</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracy_Letts" title="Tracy Letts">Tracy Letts</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Nottage" title="Lynn Nottage">Lynn Nottage</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Kitt_(musician)" title="Tom Kitt (musician)">Tom Kitt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Yorkey" title="Brian Yorkey">Brian Yorkey</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Norris_(playwright)" title="Bruce Norris (playwright)">Bruce Norris</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiara_Alegr%C3%ADa_Hudes" title="Quiara Alegría Hudes">Quiara Alegría Hudes</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayad_Akhtar" title="Ayad Akhtar">Ayad Akhtar</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Baker" title="Annie Baker">Annie Baker</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Adly_Guirgis" title="Stephen Adly Guirgis">Stephen Adly Guirgis</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin-Manuel_Miranda" title="Lin-Manuel Miranda">Lin-Manuel Miranda</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Nottage" title="Lynn Nottage">Lynn Nottage</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyna_Majok" title="Martyna Majok">Martyna Majok</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Sibblies_Drury" title="Jackie Sibblies Drury">Jackie Sibblies Drury</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_R._Jackson" title="Michael R. Jackson">Michael R. Jackson</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katori_Hall" title="Katori Hall">Katori Hall</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ijames" title="James Ijames">James Ijames</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanaz_Toossi" title="Sanaz Toossi">Sanaz Toossi</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eboni_Booth" title="Eboni Booth">Eboni Booth</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="1110" /></a></span><br /><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1101" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93157#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121244715">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/24615441">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/41145/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwmQrYMYpwq7833c9mfMP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118590014">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79092602">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120267398">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120267398">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00451609">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="OʼNeill, Eugene"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV096235">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35398872">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000604273&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX837461">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/50027">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068379196">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90067368">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000077436&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000065403&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000035959">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=123454">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199620514">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/42gjlt5n5pt0nf0">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810625542405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/75621">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007266174305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058521586906706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01002373?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500524438">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/db0e11f5-6e03-4afb-8623-d81600a5a6ab">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/938980">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118590014.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118590014">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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