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duration</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: sleep duration"> <meta name="keywords" content="sleep duration"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="sleep duration"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1812</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: sleep duration</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1812</span> Relationship of Sleep Duration with Obesity and Dietary Intake</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Ahmad%20Hosseini">Seyed Ahmad Hosseini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makan%20Cheraghpour"> Makan Cheraghpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Shirali"> Saeed Shirali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roya%20Rafie"> Roya Rafie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matin%20Ghanavati"> Matin Ghanavati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arezoo%20Amjadi"> Arezoo Amjadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meysam%20Alipour"> Meysam Alipour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: There is a mutual relationship between sleep duration and obesity. We studied the relationship between sleep duration with obesity and dietary Intake. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 444 male students in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science. Dietary intake was analyzed by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Anthropometric indices were analyzed. Participants were being asked about their sleep duration and they were categorized into three groups according to their responses (less than six hours, between six and eight hours, and more than eight hours). Results: Macronutrient, micronutrient, and antioxidant intake did not show significant difference between three groups. Moreover, we did not observe any significant difference between anthropometric indices (weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and percentage body fat). Conclusions: Our study results show no significant relationship between sleep duration, nutrition pattern, and obesity. Further study is recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20duration" title="sleep duration">sleep duration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dietary%20intake" title=" dietary intake"> dietary intake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-sectional" title=" cross-sectional"> cross-sectional</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58463/relationship-of-sleep-duration-with-obesity-and-dietary-intake" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1811</span> Effects of Extract from Lactuca sativa on Sleep in Pentobarbital-Induced Sleep and Caffeine-Induced Sleep Disturbance in Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hae%20Dun%20Kim">Hae Dun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joo%20Hyun%20Jang"> Joo Hyun Jang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geu%20Rim%20Seo"> Geu Rim Seo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung%20Soo%20Ra"> Kyung Soo Ra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Joo%20Suh"> Hyung Joo Suh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lactuca sativa (lettuce) has been known for its medical property to relieve anxiety and nervous. This study was implemented to investigate sleep-promoting effects of the lettuce alcohol extract (LAE). Caffeine is widely used psychoactive substance known to induced wakefulness and insomnia to its consumers. In the present study, the sedative-hypnotic activity of the LAE was studied using the method of pentobarbital-induced sleep in the mouse model. The LAE was administrated to mice 30 min before the pentobarbital injection. The LAE prolonged the pentobarbital-induced sleep duration and decreased sleep latency. The effects of LAE were comparable to those of induced by diazepam. Another study was performed to examine whether LAE ameliorates caffeine-induced sleep disturbance in mice. Additionally, caffeine (10 mg/kg, p.o) delayed sleep onset and reduced sleep duration of mice. Conversely, LAE treatment (80 or 160 mg/kg, p.o), especially at 160 mg/kg, normalized the sleep disturbance induced by caffeine. LAE supplementation can counter the sleep disturbance induced by caffeine. These results suggest that LAE possess significant sedative-hypnotic activity, which supports the popular use of lettuce for treatment of insomnia and provide the basis for new drug discovery. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that the lettuce extract may be preferable for the treatment of insomnia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caffeine" title="caffeine">caffeine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lactuca%20sativa" title=" Lactuca sativa"> Lactuca sativa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20duration" title=" sleep duration"> sleep duration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20latency" title=" sleep latency"> sleep latency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49766/effects-of-extract-from-lactuca-sativa-on-sleep-in-pentobarbital-induced-sleep-and-caffeine-induced-sleep-disturbance-in-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1810</span> Combat Capability Improvement Using Sleep Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriela%20Kloudova">Gabriela Kloudova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miloslav%20Stehlik"> Miloslav Stehlik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Sos"> Peter Sos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The quality of sleep can affect combat performance where the vigilance, accuracy and reaction time are a decisive factor. In the present study, airborne and special units are measured on duty using actigraphy fingerprint scoring algorithm and QEEG (quantitative EEG). Actigraphic variables of interest will be: mean nightly sleep duration, mean napping duration, mean 24-h sleep duration, mean sleep latency, mean sleep maintenance efficiency, mean sleep fragmentation index, mean sleep onset time, mean sleep offset time and mean midpoint time. In an attempt to determine the individual somnotype of each subject, the data like sleep pattern, chronotype (morning and evening lateness), biological need for sleep (daytime and anytime sleepability) and trototype (daytime and anytime wakeability) will be extracted. Subsequently, a series of recommendations will be included in the training plan based on daily routine, timing of the day and night activities, duration of sleep and the number of sleeping blocks in a defined time. The aim of these modifications in the training plan is to reduce day-time sleepiness, improve vigilance, attention, accuracy, speed of the conducted tasks and to optimize energy supplies. Regular improvement of the training supposed to have long-term neurobiological consequences including neuronal activity changes measured by QEEG. Subsequently, that should enhance cognitive functioning in subjects assessed by the digital cognitive test batteries and improve their overall performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20quality" title="sleep quality">sleep quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combat%20performance" title=" combat performance"> combat performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actigraph" title=" actigraph"> actigraph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=somnotype" title=" somnotype"> somnotype</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107198/combat-capability-improvement-using-sleep-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107198.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1809</span> Association of Sleep Duration and Insomnia with Body Mass Index Among Brazilian Adults</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giovana%20Longo-Silva">Giovana Longo-Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Risia%20Cristina%20Egito%20de%20Menezes"> Risia Cristina Egito de Menezes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renan%20Serenini"> Renan Serenini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%C3%A1rcia%20de%20Oliveira%20Lima"> Márcia de Oliveira Lima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J%C3%BAlia%20Souza%20de%20Melo"> Júlia Souza de Melo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Larissa%20de%20Lima%20Soares"> Larissa de Lima Soares</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Sleep duration and quality have been increasingly recognized as important factors affecting overall health and well-being, including their potential impact on body weight and composition. Previous research has shown inconsistent results regarding the association between sleep patterns and body mass index (BMI), particularly among diverse populations such as Brazilian adults. Understanding these relationships is crucial for developing targeted interventions to address obesity and related health issues. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between sleep duration, insomnia, and BMI among Brazilian adults using data from a large national survey focused on chronic nutrition and sleep habits. Materials and Methods: The study included 2050 participants from a population-based virtual survey. BMI was calculated using self-reported weight and height measurements. Participants also reported usual bedtime and wake time on weekdays and weekends and whether they experienced symptoms of insomnia. The average sleep duration across the entire week was calculated as follows: [(5×sleep duration on weekdays) + (2×sleep duration on weekends)]/7. Linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between sleep duration, insomnia, and BMI, adjusting for potential confounding factors, including age, sex, marital status, physical exercise duration, and diet quality. Results: After adjusting for confounding variables, the study found that BMI decreased by 0.19 kg/m² for each additional hour of sleep duration (95% CI = -0.37, -0.02; P = 0.03). Conversely, individuals with insomnia had a higher BMI, with an increase of 0.75 kg/m² (95% CI = 0.28, 1.22; P = 0.002) compared to those without insomnia. Conclusions: The findings suggest a significant association between sleep duration, insomnia, and BMI among Brazilian adults. Longer sleep duration was associated with lower BMI, while insomnia was associated with higher BMI. These results underscore the importance of considering sleep patterns in strategies aimed at preventing and managing obesity in this population. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and potential interventions targeting sleep-related factors to promote healthier body weight outcomes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep" title="sleep">sleep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronobiology" title=" chronobiology"> chronobiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrition" title=" nutrition"> nutrition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186449/association-of-sleep-duration-and-insomnia-with-body-mass-index-among-brazilian-adults" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">44</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1808</span> Dry Needling Treatment in 38 Cases of Chronic Sleep Disturbance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Gao">P. Gao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Q.%20Li"> Z. Q. Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20G.%20Jin"> Y. G. Jin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the past 10 years, computers and cellphones have become one of the most important factors in our lives, and one which has a tremendously negative impact on our muscles. Muscle tension may be one of the causes of sleep disturbance. Tension in the shoulders and neck can affect blood circulation to the muscles. This research uses a dry needling treatment to reduce muscle tension in order to determine if the strain in the head and shoulders can influence sleep duration. All 38 patients taking part in the testing suffered from tinnitus and have been experiencing disturbed sleep for at least one to five years. Even after undergoing drug therapy treatments and traditional acupuncture therapies, their sleep disturbances have not shown any improvement. After five to 10 dry needling treatments, 24 of the patients reported an improvement in their sleep duration. Five patients considered themselves to be completely recovered, while 12 patients experienced no improvement. This study investigated these pathogenic and therapeutic problems. The standard treatment for sleep disturbances is drug-based therapy; the results of most standard treatments are unfortunately negative. The result of this clinical research has demonstrated that: The possible cause of sleep disturbance for a lot of patients is the result of tensions in the neck and shoulder muscles. Blood circulation to those muscles is also influenced by the duration of sleep. Hypertonic neck and shoulder muscles are considered to impact sleeping patterns and lead to disturbed sleep. Poor posture, often adopted while speaking on the phone, is one of the main causes of hypertonic neck and shoulder muscle problems. The dry needling treatment specifically focuses on the release of muscle tension. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20needling" title="dry needling">dry needling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20tension" title=" muscle tension"> muscle tension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20duration" title=" sleep duration"> sleep duration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertonic%20muscles" title=" hypertonic muscles"> hypertonic muscles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51661/dry-needling-treatment-in-38-cases-of-chronic-sleep-disturbance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1807</span> The Moderating Roles of Bedtime Activities and Anxiety and Depression in the Relationship between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Sleep Problems in Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lian%20Tong">Lian Tong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20Ye"> Yan Ye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiong%20Yan"> Qiong Yan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often experience sleep problems, but the comorbidity mechanism has not been sufficiently studied. This study aimed to determine the comorbidity of ADHD and sleep problems as well as the moderating effects of bedtime activities and depression/anxiety symptoms on the relationship between ADHD and sleep problems. Methods: We recruited 934 primary students from third to fifth grade and their parents by stratified random sampling from three primary schools in Shanghai, China. This study used parent-reported versions of the ADHD Rating Scale-IV, Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire, and Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist. We used hierarchical linear regression analysis to clarify the moderating effects of bedtime activities and depression/anxiety symptoms. Results: We found that children with more ADHD symptoms had shorter sleep durations and more sleep problems on weekdays. Screen time before bedtime strengthened the relationship between ADHD and sleep-disordered breathing. Children with more screen time were more likely to have sleep onset delay, while those with less screen time had more sleep onset problems with increasing ADHD symptoms. The high bedtime eating group experienced more night waking with increasing ADHD symptoms compared with the low bedtime eating group. Anxiety/depression exacerbated total sleep problems and further interacted with ADHD symptoms to predict sleep length and sleep duration problems. Conclusions: Bedtime activities and emotional problems had important moderating effects on the relationship between ADHD and sleep problems. These findings indicate that appropriate bedtime management and emotional management may reduce sleep problems and improve sleep duration for children with ADHD symptoms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADHD" title="ADHD">ADHD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20problems" title=" sleep problems"> sleep problems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety%2Fdepression" title=" anxiety/depression"> anxiety/depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bedtime%20activities" title=" bedtime activities"> bedtime activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87744/the-moderating-roles-of-bedtime-activities-and-anxiety-and-depression-in-the-relationship-between-attention-deficithyperactivity-disorder-and-sleep-problems-in-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87744.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">204</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1806</span> Development of Sleep Quality Index Using Heart Rate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongjoo%20Kim">Dongjoo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang-Sik%20Son"> Chang-Sik Son</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Won-Seok%20Kang"> Won-Seok Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adequate sleep affects various parts of one’s overall physical and mental life. As one of the methods in determining the appropriate amount of sleep, this research presents a heart rate based sleep quality index. In order to evaluate sleep quality using the heart rate, sleep data from 280 subjects taken over one month are used. Their sleep data are categorized by a three-part heart rate range. After categorizing, some features are extracted, and the statistical significances are verified for these features. The results show that some features of this sleep quality index model have statistical significance. Thus, this heart rate based sleep quality index may be a useful discriminator of sleep. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep" title="sleep">sleep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20quality" title=" sleep quality"> sleep quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heart%20rate" title=" heart rate"> heart rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20analysis" title=" statistical analysis"> statistical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52817/development-of-sleep-quality-index-using-heart-rate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1805</span> Clinical and Sleep Features in an Australian Population Diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadie%20Khorramnia">Sadie Khorramnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asha%20%20Bonney"> Asha Bonney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kate%20%20Galloway"> Kate Galloway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20%20Kyoong"> Andrew Kyoong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sleep plays a pivotal role in the registration and consolidation of memory. Multiple observational studies have demonstrated that self-reported sleep duration and sleep quality are associated with cognitive performance. Montreal Cognitive Assessment questionnaire is a screening tool to assess mild cognitive (MCI) impairment with a 90% diagnostic sensitivity. In our current study, we used MOCA to identify MCI in patients who underwent sleep study in our sleep department. We then looked at the clinical risk factors and sleep-related parameters in subjects found to have mild cognitive impairment but without a diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing. Clinical risk factors, including physician, diagnosed hypertension, diabetes, and depression and sleep-related parameters, measured during sleep study, including percentage time of each sleep stage, total sleep time, awakenings, sleep efficiency, apnoea hypopnoea index, and oxygen saturation, were evaluated. A total of 90 subjects who underwent sleep study between March 2019 and October 2019 were included. Currently, there is no pharmacotherapy available for MCI; therefore, identifying the risk factors and attempting to reverse or mitigate their effect is pivotal in slowing down the rate of cognitive deterioration. Further characterization of sleep parameters in this group of patients could open up opportunities for potentially beneficial interventions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apnoea%20hypopnea%20index" title="apnoea hypopnea index">apnoea hypopnea index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mild%20cognitive%20impairment" title=" mild cognitive impairment"> mild cognitive impairment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20architecture" title=" sleep architecture"> sleep architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20study" title=" sleep study "> sleep study </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134882/clinical-and-sleep-features-in-an-australian-population-diagnosed-with-mild-cognitive-impairment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134882.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1804</span> Sleep Ecology, Sleep Regulation and Behavior Problems in Maltreated Preschoolers: A Scoping Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabrina%20Servot">Sabrina Servot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Annick%20St-Amand"> Annick St-Amand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michel%20Rousseau"> Michel Rousseau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valerie%20Simard"> Valerie Simard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evelyne%20Touchette"> Evelyne Touchette</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Child maltreatment has a profound impact on children’s development. In its victims, internalizing and externalizing problems are highly prevalent, and sleep problems are common. Furthermore, the environment they live in is often disorganized, lacking routine and consistency. In non-maltreated children, several studies documented the important role of sleep regulation and sleep ecology. A poor sleep ecology (e.g., lack of sleep hygiene and bedtime routine, inappropriate sleeping location) may lead to sleep regulation problems (e.g., short sleep duration, nocturnal awakenings), and sleep regulation problems may increase the risk of behavior problems. Therefore, this scoping review aims to map evidence about sleep ecology and sleep regulation and the associations between sleep ecology, sleep regulation, and behavior problems in maltreated preschoolers. Literature from 1993 was searched in PsycInfo, Pubmed, Medline, Eric, and Proquest Dissertations and Theses. Articles and thesis were comprehensively reviewed based upon inclusion/exclusion criteria: 1) it concerns maltreated children aged 1-5 years, and 2) it addresses at least one of the following: sleep ecology, sleep regulation, and/or their associations with behavior problems in maltreated preschoolers. From the 650 studies screened, nine of them were included. Data were charted according to study characteristics, nature of variable documented, measures, analyses performed, and results of each study, then synthesized in a narrative summary. The main results show all included articles were quantitative. Foster children samples were used in four studies, children experienced different types of maltreatment in six studies, while one was specifically about sexually abused children. Regarding sleep ecology, only one study describing maltreated preschoolers’ sleep ecology was found, while seven studies documented sleep regulation. Among these seven studies, 17 different sleep variables (e.g., parasomnia, dyssomnia, total 24-h sleep duration) were used, each study documenting from one to nine of them. Actigraphic measures were employed in three studies, the others used parent-reported questionnaires or sleep diaries. Maltreated children’s sleep was described and/or compared to non-maltreated children’s sleep, or an intervention group, showing mild differences. As for associations between sleep regulation and behavior problems, five studies investigated it and performed correlational or linear regression analyses between sleep and behavior problems, revealing some significant associations. No study was found about associations between sleep ecology and sleep regulation, between sleep ecology and behavior problems, or between these three variables. In conclusion, literature about sleep ecology, sleep regulation, and their associations with behavior problems are far more scarce in maltreated preschoolers than in non-maltreated ones. At present, there is especially a paucity of research about sleep ecology and the association between sleep ecology and sleep regulation in maltreated preschoolers, while studies on non-maltreated children showed sleep ecology plays a major role in sleep regulation. In addition, as sleep regulation is measured in many different ways among the studies, it is difficult to compare their findings. Finally, it seems necessary that research fill these gaps, as recommendations could be made to clinicians working with maltreated preschoolers regarding the use of sleep ecology and sleep regulation as intervention tools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maltreated%20preschoolers" title="maltreated preschoolers">maltreated preschoolers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20ecology" title=" sleep ecology"> sleep ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20regulation" title=" sleep regulation"> sleep regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior%20problems" title=" behavior problems"> behavior problems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131448/sleep-ecology-sleep-regulation-and-behavior-problems-in-maltreated-preschoolers-a-scoping-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131448.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1803</span> Research Progress on the Correlation between Tinnitus and Sleep Behaviors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiajia%20Peng">Jiajia Peng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tinnitus is one of the common symptoms of ear diseases and is characterized by an abnormal perception of sound without external stimulation. Tinnitus is agony and seriously affects the life of the general population by approximately 1%. Sleep disturbance is a common problem in patients with tinnitus. Lack of sleep will lead to the accumulation of metabolites in the brain and cannot be cleared in time. These substances enhance sympathetic nerve reactivity in the auditory system, resulting in tinnitus occurrence or aggravation. Then, tinnitus may aggravate sleep disturbance, thus forming a vicious circle. Through a systematic review of the relevant literature, we summarize the research on tinnitus and sleep. Although the results suggest that tinnitus is often accompanied by sleep disturbance, the impact of unfavorable sleep habits on tinnitus is not clear. In particular, the relationships between sleep behaviors and other chronic diseases have been revealed. To reduce the incidence rate of tinnitus, clinicians should pay attention to the relevance between different sleep behaviors and tinnitus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tinnitus" title="tinnitus">tinnitus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep" title=" sleep"> sleep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20factor" title=" sleep factor"> sleep factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20behavior" title=" sleep behavior"> sleep behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144947/research-progress-on-the-correlation-between-tinnitus-and-sleep-behaviors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1802</span> Sleep Tracking AI Application in Smart-Watches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumaiya%20Amir%20Khan">Sumaiya Amir Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shayma%20Al-Sharif"> Shayma Al-Sharif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samiha%20Mazher"> Samiha Mazher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neha%20Intikhab%20Khan"> Neha Intikhab Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of sleep-tracking AI applications in smart-watches. It focuses on comparing the sleep analyses of two different smartwatch brands, Samsung and Fitbit, and measuring sleep at three different stages – REM (Rapid-Eye-Movement), NREM (Non-Rapid-Eye-Movement), and deep sleep. The methodology involves the participation of different users and analyzing their sleep data. The results reveal that although light sleep is the longest stage, deep sleep is higher than average in the participants. The study also suggests that light sleep is not uniform, and getting higher levels of deep sleep can prevent debilitating health conditions. Based on the findings, it is recommended that individuals should aim to achieve higher levels of deep sleep to maintain good health. Overall, this research contributes to the growing literature on the effectiveness of sleep-tracking AI applications and their potential to improve sleep quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20tracking" title="sleep tracking">sleep tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifestyle" title=" lifestyle"> lifestyle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accuracy" title=" accuracy"> accuracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health" title=" health"> health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AI" title=" AI"> AI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AI%20features" title=" AI features"> AI features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ML" title=" ML"> ML</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167689/sleep-tracking-ai-application-in-smart-watches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167689.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1801</span> The Clinical Characteristics and Their Relationship with Sleep Disorders in Patients with Parkinson Disease Accompanied with Cognitive Impairment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peng%20Guo">Peng Guo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and changes of video-polysomnography (v-PSG) in Parkinson disease (PD) patients accompanied with cognitive impairment. Methods Three hundred and ninety-four patients with PD were enrolled in Beijing Tiantan Hospital, according to CI level, the patients were divided into PD without cognitive impairment (PD-NCI), PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), and PD with dementia (PDD) group. Collect patient's demographic data, including gender, onset age, education level and duration. The cognitive function of PD patients was evaluated by Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scale, and the overall cognitive function and cognitive domains of the three groups were compared.Using v-PSG to assess the sleep status of patients. Correlation analysis of MoCA Scale and v-PSG results in PD-CI group. Results 1. In 394 cases of PD, 94 cases (23.86%) in PD-NCI group , 177 cases(44.92%) in PD-MCI group , 123 cases (31.22%) in PDD group. 2.There was no significant difference in gender, age of onset, education level and duration in PD-NCI group, PD-MCI group and PDD group （P＞0.05）. 3. The total score of MoCA scale in PD-NCI group, PD-MCI group and PDD group decreased one by one. In PD-NCI group, PD-MCI group and PDD group, the scores of each cognitive domain in MoCA scale decreased significantly（P<0.05）. 4.Compared with the PD-MCI group, PDD group had lower total sleep time, lower sleep efficiency （P<0.05）. Compared with PD-NCI group, PDD group had lower total sleep time and lower sleep efficiency （P<0.05）.5. The sleep efficiency of PD-CI patients is positively correlated with the total score of MoCA scale, visual spatial function, executive function, delayed recall and attention score（P<0.05). Conclusions The incidence of CI in PD patients was high; The cognitive function and cognitive domains of PD-CI patients were significantly impaired; In patients with PD-CI, total sleep time decreased, sleep efficiency decreased, and it was related to overall cognitive function and partial cognitive impairment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parkinson%20disease" title="Parkinson disease">Parkinson disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20impairment" title=" cognitive impairment"> cognitive impairment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20characteristics" title=" clinical characteristics"> clinical characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20disorders" title=" sleep disorders"> sleep disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=video-polysomnography" title=" video-polysomnography"> video-polysomnography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188416/the-clinical-characteristics-and-their-relationship-with-sleep-disorders-in-patients-with-parkinson-disease-accompanied-with-cognitive-impairment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188416.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">30</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1800</span> A Systematic Review on Assessing the Prevalence, Types, and Predictors of Sleep Disturbances in Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Botchway">E. Botchway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Godfrey"> C. Godfrey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Anderson"> V. Anderson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Catroppa"> C. Catroppa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Sleep disturbances are common after childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI). This systematic review aimed to assess the prevalence, types, and predictors of sleep disturbances in childhood TBI. Methods: Medline, Pubmed, PsychInfo, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched. Out of the 547 articles assessed, 15 met selection criteria for this review. Results: Sleep disturbances were common in children and adolescents with TBI, irrespective of injury severity. Excessive daytime sleepiness and insomnia were the most common sleep disturbances reported. Sleep disturbance was predicted by sex, injury severity, pre-existing sleep disturbances, younger age, pain, and high body mass index. Conclusions: Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent in childhood TBI, regardless of the injury severity. Routine assessment of sleep in survivors of childhood TBI is recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traumatic%20brain%20injury" title="traumatic brain injury">traumatic brain injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20diatiurbances" title=" sleep diatiurbances"> sleep diatiurbances</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=childhood" title=" childhood"> childhood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systematic%20review" title=" systematic review"> systematic review</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77833/a-systematic-review-on-assessing-the-prevalence-types-and-predictors-of-sleep-disturbances-in-childhood-traumatic-brain-injury" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77833.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1799</span> An Exploration of Lighting Quality on Sleep Quality of Children in Elementary Schools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Boubekri">Mohamed Boubekri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristen%20%20Bub"> Kristen Bub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaewook%20Lee"> Jaewook Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kate%20Kurry"> Kate Kurry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we explored the impact of light, particularly daylight on sleep time and quality of elementary school children. Sleep actigraphy was used to measure objectively sleep time and sleep efficiency. Our data show a good correlation between light levels and sleep. In some cases, differences of up to 36 minutes were found between students in low light levels and those in high light level classrooms. We recommend, therefore, that classroom design need to pay attention to the daily daylight exposures elementary school children are receiving. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light" title="light">light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=daylight" title=" daylight"> daylight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actigraphy" title=" actigraphy"> actigraphy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep" title=" sleep"> sleep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circadian%20rhythm" title=" circadian rhythm"> circadian rhythm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20architecture" title=" sustainable architecture"> sustainable architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elementary%20school" title=" elementary school"> elementary school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116236/an-exploration-of-lighting-quality-on-sleep-quality-of-children-in-elementary-schools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116236.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1798</span> The Relationship between Sleep Traits and Tinnitus in UK Biobank: A Population-Based Cohort Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiajia%20Peng">Jiajia Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yijun%20Dong"> Yijun Dong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianjun%20Ren"> Jianjun Ren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Zhao"> Yu Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: Understanding the association between sleep traits and tinnitus could help prevent and provide appropriate interventions against tinnitus. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the relationship between different sleep patterns and tinnitus. Design: A cross-sectional analysis using baseline data (2006–2010, n=168,064) by logistic regressions was conducted to evaluate the association between sleep traits (including the overall health sleep score and five sleep behaviors), and the occurrence (yes/no), frequency (constant/transient), and severity (upsetting/not upsetting) of tinnitus. Further, a prospective analysis of participants without tinnitus at baseline (n=9,581) was performed, who had been followed up for seven years (2012–2019) to assess the association between new-onset tinnitus and sleep characteristics. Moreover, a subgroup analysis was also carried out to estimate the differences in sex by dividing the participants into male and female groups. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted by excluding ear-related diseases to avoid their confounding effects on tinnitus (n=102,159). Results: In the cross-sectional analysis, participants with “current tinnitus” (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04–1.22, p=0.004) had a higher risk of having a poor overall healthy sleep score and unhealthy sleep behaviors such as short sleep durations (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04–1.14, p<0.001), late chronotypes (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05–1.13, p<0.001), and sleeplessness (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.11–1.22, p<0.001) than those participants who “did not have current tinnitus.” However, this trend was not obvious between “constant tinnitus” and “transient tinnitus.” When considering the severity of tinnitus, the risk of “upsetting tinnitus” was obviously higher if participants had lower overall healthy sleep scores (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.13–1.53, p<0.001). Additionally, short sleep duration (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.12–1.33, p<0.001), late chronotypes (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04–1.22, p=0.003), and sleeplessness (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.29–1.59, p<0.001) showed positive correlations with “upsetting tinnitus.” In the prospective analysis, sleeplessness presented a consistently significant association with “upsetting tinnitus” (RR: 2.28, P=0.001). Consistent results were observed in the sex subgroup analysis, where a much more pronounced trend was identified in females compared with males. The results of the sensitivity analysis were consistent with those of the cross-sectional and prospective analyses. Conclusions: Different types of sleep disturbance may be associated with the occurrence and severity of tinnitus; therefore, precise interventions for different types of sleep disturbance, particularly sleeplessness, may help in the prevention and treatment of tinnitus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tinnitus" title="tinnitus">tinnitus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep" title=" sleep"> sleep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20behaviors" title=" sleep behaviors"> sleep behaviors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20disturbance" title=" sleep disturbance"> sleep disturbance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156913/the-relationship-between-sleep-traits-and-tinnitus-in-uk-biobank-a-population-based-cohort-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1797</span> The Role of Dentists in the Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Parmenter">David Parmenter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brian%20Millar"> Brian Millar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Obstructive sleep apnoea is a common condition which is generally under-diagnosed. Poorly managed obstructive sleep apnoea carries serious health risks and can greatly impact on the sufferer's quality of life. This publication covers the aetiology, symptoms, and treatment of sleep apnoea. The treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea is an emerging field, and the useful role of the Dental Team is relatively unknown, therefor this paper will highlight the role of the dental team in its treatment. The concept of mandibular advancement appliances, along with the clinical and laboratory stages for constructing them, are documented. It is the hope of the author that this publication will educate healthcare professionals on the role of dental practitioners in the multidisciplinary team for treating sleep apnoea. Objective: Individuals should be more aware of the demographic of patients at risk of sleep apnoea, how it is diagnosed and which group of sleep apnoea patients are suitable to refer for mandibular appliance therapy. Individuals should also be aware of what a mandibular advancement appliance is and how it helps treat obstructive sleep apnoea. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20apnoea" title="sleep apnoea">sleep apnoea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=snoring" title=" snoring"> snoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20appliances" title=" sleep appliances"> sleep appliances</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mandibular%20advancement%20appliance" title=" mandibular advancement appliance"> mandibular advancement appliance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157775/the-role-of-dentists-in-the-management-of-obstructive-sleep-apnoea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1796</span> Associations between Sleep Problems and Disordered Eating in Japanese Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takaharu%20Hirai">Takaharu Hirai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuta%20Mitobe"> Yuta Mitobe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiromi%20Hirai"> Hiromi Hirai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Eating disorders (ED) are serious psychiatric disorders that affect individuals, especially adolescents. It has been suggested that nonclinical ED-like characteristics are related to sleep problems. However, studies exploring the association between potential ED and sleep disorders have primarily been conducted in Europe and the United States. We conducted a survey of Japanese adolescents to investigate this claim. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 398 school-aged adolescents, aged 12–18 years old, matched for gender ratio, responded to a self-administered questionnaire survey. We used the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) to measure potential ED and sleep problems, respectively. In this study, participants with an EAT-26 total score of 0–19 points were classified as non-ED, while those with scores of 20 points or higher were classified as potential ED. Result: Of the 398 participants, 17 (4.3%) had an EAT-26 total score of 20 or higher. Among boys, the rate was 6 of 199 participants (3%), and among girls, the rate was 11 of 182 participants (6%). There were 89 participants (22.4%) with an AIS score of 6 points or higher, of which 36 (17.6%) were boys, and 53 (27.5%) were girls. Adolescents with potential ED had significantly higher rates of daytime sleep problems than those without ED. Further, while examining the types of sleep problems, adolescents with potential ED had greater problems with a sense of well-being and physical and mental functioning during the day. In contrast, no significant associations were found between potential ED and sleep initiation, awakenings during the night, early morning awakening, total sleep duration, or overall quality of sleep. Finally, nocturnal and daytime sleep scores were significantly associated with dieting, bulimia, and oral control EAT-26 sub-scores. Discussion: While Japanese adolescents with possible ED do not experience nighttime sleep problems, they do experience problems related to well-being and mental and physical functioning, which are indicators of daytime sleep problems. This may assist with early detection of disordered eating in adolescents. The study suggested that professionals working towards adolescent mental health issues need an approach that comprehensively integrates both sleep problems and potential ED. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescents" title="adolescents">adolescents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential%20eating%20disorders" title=" potential eating disorders"> potential eating disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20problems" title=" sleep problems"> sleep problems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eating%20attitudes%20test-26" title=" eating attitudes test-26"> eating attitudes test-26</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142858/associations-between-sleep-problems-and-disordered-eating-in-japanese-adolescents-a-cross-sectional-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142858.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1795</span> Insufficient Sleep as a Risk Factor for Substance Use Among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Depressive Symptoms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aaron%20Kim">Aaron Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nydia%20Hernandez"> Nydia Hernandez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite the known deficits in sleep duration among adolescents and the increasing prevalence of substance use behaviors among this group, relatively little is known about how insufficient sleep is related to various substance use behaviors and the underlying mechanisms. Informed by the literature suggesting the predictive role of insufficient sleep for substance use and depressive symptoms, we hypothesized that adolescents who lack sufficient sleep during school nights would report a higher level of depressive symptoms and substance use than their counterparts with sufficient sleep. We also hypothesized that depressive symptoms would explain the association of insufficient sleep with substance use, suggesting that mental health plays an important role as a mechanism between insufficient sleep and substance use. This study used the data drawn from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System Data, which includes a nationally representative sample of U.S. high school students (N=13,677, 49.4% Female, 9th-12th graders). Self-report measures of insufficient sleep (sleeping<7 h on an average school night), depressive symptoms (yes/no), any past 30-day use of cigarette (yes/no), e-cigarette (yes/no), alcohol (yes/no), and marijuana (yes/no). Among the total sample, 47.9% of students reported that they did not have sufficient sleep on school nights, indicating sleeping less than 7 hours. Regarding depressive symptoms, 36.7% of students reported feeling sad or hopeless almost every day for two weeks or more in a row during the past 12 months. Also, the percentages of students who reported one or more times of cigarette use, e-cigarette use, alcohol use, and marijuana use in the past month were 5.32%, 30.11%, 26.83%, and 21.65%, respectively. For bivariate associations among these study variables, insufficient sleep was positively associated with other variables: depressive symptoms (r=.08, p<.001), cigarette use (r=.03, p<.001), e-cigarette use (r=.04, p<.001), alcohol use (r=.07, p<.001), and marijuana use (r=.08, p<.001). After controlling for students’ characteristics (i.e., age, gender, race/ethnicity, grades), sleeping less than 7 hours on school nights (vs. sleeping more than 7 hours) was significantly associated with the past 30-day use of alcohol and marijuana, whereas cigarette and e-cigarette uses were not. That is, the students who reported having an insufficient sleep on school nights had higher odds of alcohol (Odds Ratio [OR]=1.15, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=1.014-1.301) and marijuana use (OR=1.36, 95% CI=1.132-1.543). In a subsequent analysis including depressive symptoms together with insufficient sleep, the association of insufficient sleep with alcohol use (OR=1.13, 95% CI=1.011-1.297) and marijuana use (OR=1.33, 95% CI=1.130-1.521) were attenuated and explained by depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms significantly increased the odds of alcohol use by 32.2% (OR=1.32, 95% CI=1.131-1.557) and marijuana use by 202.1% (OR=2.02, 95% CI=1.672-2.502). These findings together suggest that insufficient sleep may contribute to increased risks of substance uses among adolescents. The current study also shows that psychological disorders of adolescents play important roles in understanding the association between insufficient sleep and substance use, suggesting insufficient sleep is related to substance use indirectly through depressive symptoms. This study indicates the importance of sleep deprivation among adolescents and screening for insufficient sleep in preventing/intervening in substance use. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescents" title="adolescents">adolescents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depressive%20symptoms" title=" depressive symptoms"> depressive symptoms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep" title=" sleep"> sleep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=substance%20use" title=" substance use"> substance use</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156404/insufficient-sleep-as-a-risk-factor-for-substance-use-among-adolescents-the-mediating-role-of-depressive-symptoms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156404.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1794</span> Effects of Low Sleep Efficiency and Sleep Deprivation on Driver Physical Fatigue</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen-Yu%20%20Tsai">Chen-Yu Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Te%20%20Liu"> Wen-Te Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen-Chen%20%20Lo"> Chen-Chen Lo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang%20%20Lo"> Kang Lo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yin-Tzu%20%20Lin"> Yin-Tzu Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Driving drowsiness related to insufficient or disordered sleep accounts for a major percentage of vehicular accidents. Sleep deprivation is the primary reason related to low sleep efficiency. Nevertheless, the mechanism of sleep deprivation induces driving fatigue to remain unclear. Objective: The objective of this study is to associate the relationship between insufficient sleep efficiency and driving fatigue. Methodologies: The physical condition while driving was obtained from the questionnaires to classify the state of driving fatigue. Sleep efficiency was quantified as the polysomnography (PSG), and the sleep stages were sentenced by the reregistered Technologist during examination in a hospital in New Taipei City (Taiwan). The independent T-test was used to investigate the correlation between sleep efficiency, sleep stages ratio, and driving drowsiness. Results: There were 880 subjects recruited in this study, who had been done polysomnography for evaluating severity for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) as well as completed the driver condition questionnaire. Four-hundred-eighty-four subjects (55%) were classified as fatigue group, and 396 subjects (45%) were served as the control group. The ratio of stage three sleep (N3) (0.032 ± 0.056) in fatigue group were significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.01). The significantly higher value of snoring index (242.14 ± 205.51 /hours) was observed in the fatigue group (p < 0.01). Conclusion: We observe the considerable correlation between deep sleep reduce and driving drowsiness. To avoid drowsy driving, the sleep deprivation, and the snoring events during the sleeping time should be monitored and alleviated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driving%20drowsiness" title="driving drowsiness">driving drowsiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20deprivation" title=" sleep deprivation"> sleep deprivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stage%20three%20sleep" title=" stage three sleep"> stage three sleep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=snoring%20index" title=" snoring index"> snoring index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110120/effects-of-low-sleep-efficiency-and-sleep-deprivation-on-driver-physical-fatigue" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110120.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1793</span> Disease Trajectories in Relation to Poor Sleep Health in the UK Biobank</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiajia%20Peng">Jiajia Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianqing%20Qiu"> Jianqing Qiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianjun%20Ren"> Jianjun Ren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Zhao"> Yu Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Insufficient sleep has been focused on as a public health epidemic. However, a comprehensive analysis of disease trajectory associated with unhealthy sleep habits is still unclear currently. Objective: This study sought to comprehensively clarify the disease's trajectory in relation to the overall poor sleep pattern and unhealthy sleep behaviors separately. Methods: 410,682 participants with available information on sleep behaviors were collected from the UK Biobank at the baseline visit (2006-2010). These participants were classified as having high- and low risk of each sleep behavior and were followed from 2006 to 2020 to identify the increased risks of diseases. We used Cox regression to estimate the associations of high-risk sleep behaviors with the elevated risks of diseases, and further established diseases trajectory using significant diseases. The low-risk unhealthy sleep behaviors were defined as the reference. Thereafter, we also examined the trajectory of diseases linked with the overall poor sleep pattern by combining all of these unhealthy sleep behaviors. To visualize the disease's trajectory, network analysis was used for presenting these trajectories. Results: During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, we noted 12 medical conditions in relation to unhealthy sleep behaviors and the overall poor sleep pattern among 410,682 participants with a median age of 58.0 years. The majority of participants had unhealthy sleep behaviors; in particular, 75.62% with frequent sleeplessness, and 72.12% had abnormal sleep durations. Besides, a total of 16,032 individuals with an overall poor sleep pattern were identified. In general, three major disease clusters were associated with overall poor sleep status and unhealthy sleep behaviors according to the disease trajectory and network analysis, mainly in the digestive, musculoskeletal and connective tissue, and cardiometabolic systems. Of note, two circularity disease pairs (I25→I20 and I48→I50) showed the highest risks following these unhealthy sleep habits. Additionally, significant differences in disease trajectories were observed in relation to sex and sleep medication among individuals with poor sleep status. Conclusions: We identified the major disease clusters and high-risk diseases following participants with overall poor sleep health and unhealthy sleep behaviors, respectively. It may suggest the need to investigate the potential interventions targeting these key pathways. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep" title="sleep">sleep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poor%20sleep" title=" poor sleep"> poor sleep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unhealthy%20sleep%20behaviors" title=" unhealthy sleep behaviors"> unhealthy sleep behaviors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease%20trajectory" title=" disease trajectory"> disease trajectory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UK%20Biobank" title=" UK Biobank"> UK Biobank</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156915/disease-trajectories-in-relation-to-poor-sleep-health-in-the-uk-biobank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1792</span> Diagnosis and Treatment of Sleep Disorders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Anis%20Fakhrey%20Mosaad">Andrew Anis Fakhrey Mosaad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: There are many different types of sleep disorders, each with serious implications for a person's health and a large financial burden on society. Method: This review offers a framework based on the International Classification of Sleep Disorders to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders. Differentiating between primary and secondary insomnia is covered, along with pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapy options. Common abnormalities of the circadian rhythm are mentioned along with their therapies, such as light therapy and chronotherapy. This article discusses the identification and management of periodic limb movement disorder and restless legs syndrome. The therapy of upper airway resistance syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea are the main topics of discussion. Conclusion: The range of narcolepsy symptoms and results, as well as diagnostic procedures and treatment, are discussed. The causes, outcomes, and treatments of many types of insomnias, such as sleep terrors, somnambulism, and rapid eye movement (REM) behavior sleep disorders, are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title="diagnosis">diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treatment" title=" treatment"> treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20disorders" title=" sleep disorders"> sleep disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insomnia" title=" insomnia"> insomnia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184598/diagnosis-and-treatment-of-sleep-disorders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184598.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1791</span> The Influence of Training and Competition on Cortisol Levels and Sleep in Elite Female Athletes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shannon%20O%E2%80%99Donnell">Shannon O’Donnell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20Driller"> Matthew Driller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gregory%20Jacobson"> Gregory Jacobson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steve%20Bird"> Steve Bird</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stress hormone levels in a competition vs. training setting are yet to be evaluated in elite female athletes. The effect that these levels of stress have on subsequent sleep quality and quantity is also yet to be investigated. The aim of the current study was to evaluate different psychophysiological stress markers in competition and training environments and the subsequent effect on sleep indices in an elite female athlete population. The study involved 10 elite female netball athletes (mean ± SD; age = 23 ± 6 yrs) providing multiple salivary hormone measures and having their sleep monitored on two occasions; a match day, and a training day. The training and match were performed at the same time of day and were matched for intensity and duration. Saliva samples were collected immediately pre (5:00 pm) and post session (7:15 pm), and at 10:00 pm and were analysed for cortisol concentrations. Sleep monitoring was performed using wrist actigraphy to assess total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE%) and sleep latency (SL). Cortisol levels were significantly higher (p < 0.01) immediately post the match vs post training (mean ± SD; 0.925 ± 0.341 μg/dL and 0.239 ± 0.284 μg/dL, respectively) and at 10:00pm (0.143 ± 0.085 μg/dL and 0.072 ± 0.064 μg/dL, respectively, p < 0.01). The difference between trials was associated with a very large effect (ES: 2.23) immediately post (7:15 pm) and a large effect (ES: 1.02) at 10:00 pm. There was a significant reduction in TST (mean ± SD; -117.9 ± 111.9 minutes, p < 0.01, ES: -1.89) and SE% (-7.7 ± 8.5%, p < 0.02, ES: -0.79) on the night following the netball match compared to the training session. Although not significant (p > 0.05), there was an increase in SL following the netball match v the training session (67.0 ± 51.9 minutes and 38.5 ± 29.3 minutes, respectively), which was associated with a moderate effect (ES: 0.80). The current study reports that cortisol levels are significantly higher and subsequent sleep quantity and quality is significantly reduced in elite female athletes following a match compared to a training session. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cortisol" title="cortisol">cortisol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=netball" title=" netball"> netball</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recovery" title=" recovery"> recovery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70144/the-influence-of-training-and-competition-on-cortisol-levels-and-sleep-in-elite-female-athletes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70144.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1790</span> Operating Model of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients in North Karelia Central Hospital </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Korpinen">L. Korpinen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Kava"> T. Kava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Salmi"> I. Salmi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to describe the operating model of obstructive sleep apnea. Due to the large number of patients, the role of nurses in the diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea was important. Pulmonary physicians met only a minority of the patients. The sleep apnea study in 2018 included about 800 patients, of which about 28% were normal and 180 patients were classified as severe (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] over 30). The operating model has proven to be workable and appropriate. The patients understand well that they may not be referred to a pulmonary doctor. However, specialized medical follow-up on professional drivers continues every year. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep" title="sleep">sleep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apnea%20patient" title=" apnea patient"> apnea patient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operating%20model" title=" operating model"> operating model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospital" title=" hospital"> hospital</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111322/operating-model-of-obstructive-sleep-apnea-patients-in-north-karelia-central-hospital" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111322.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1789</span> Relationship between Depression, Stress, and Life Satisfaction among Students </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rexa%20Pasha">Rexa Pasha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between depression, stress and life satisfaction with sleep disturbance among Islamic Azad University Ahvaz Branch students. Samples in the study included 230 students who were selected by stratified random sampling. For data collection, the Beck Depression Inventory, stress, life satisfaction and quality of sleep (PSQI) was used. Which all have acceptable reliability and validity. This study was correlation and Data analysis using Pearson correlation and multivariate regression significance level (p<o/o5). Results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between depression and stress with sleep disturbance and between life satisfaction and sleep disturbance of students, a significant negative correlation was observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title="depression">depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20satisfaction" title=" life satisfaction"> life satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20disorder" title=" sleep disorder"> sleep disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20disturbane" title=" sleep disturbane"> sleep disturbane</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41483/relationship-between-depression-stress-and-life-satisfaction-among-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1788</span> Assessment of Sleep Disorders in Moroccan Women with Gynecological Cancer: Cross-Sectional Study </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amina%20Aquil">Amina Aquil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdeljalil%20El%20Got"> Abdeljalil El Got</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Sleep quality is one of the most important indicators related to the quality of life of patients suffering from cancer. Many factors could affect this quality of sleep and then be considered as associated predictors. Methods: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of sleep disorders and the associated factors with impaired sleep quality in Moroccan women with gynecological cancer. A cross-sectional study was carried out within the oncology department of the Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, on Moroccan women who had undergone radical surgery for gynecological cancer (n=100). Translated and validated Arabic versions of the following international scales were used: Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Rosenberg's self-esteem scale (RSES), and Body image scale (BIS). Results: 78% of participants were considered poor sleepers. Most of the patients exhibited very poor subjective quality, low sleep latency, a short period of sleep, and a low rate of usual sleep efficiency. The vast majority of these patients were in poor shape during the day and did not use sleep medication. Waking up in the middle of the night or early in the morning and getting up to use the bathroom were the main reasons for poor sleep quality. PSQI scores were positively correlated with anxiety, depression, body image dissatisfaction, and lower self-esteem (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Sleep quality and its predictors require a systematic evaluation and adequate management to prevent sleep disturbances and mental distress as well as to improve the quality of life of these patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20image" title="body image">body image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gynecological%20cancer" title=" gynecological cancer"> gynecological cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self%20esteem" title=" self esteem"> self esteem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20quality" title=" sleep quality"> sleep quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131135/assessment-of-sleep-disorders-in-moroccan-women-with-gynecological-cancer-cross-sectional-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131135.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1787</span> The Relationship between Walking and Sleep Quality among Taiwanese High School Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lu%20Ruei%20Tsen">Lu Ruei Tsen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Among Taiwanese high school students today, as academic stress increases during adolescence, it has become a major factor contributing to poor sleep, resulting in adverse impacts on mental health and academic performance. This study investigates the relationship between walking and sleep quality among Taiwanese high school students by utilizing Apple Watches for data collection. Addressing concerns over adolescents' sleep patterns due to academic stress and digital distractions, this research fills a gap in understanding the specific demographic within the Taiwanese context. Employing a quantitative approach, data were collected from 23 participants aged 15 to 18, focusing on their walking habits tracked by Apple Watches and sleep quality measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The findings suggest a positive correlation between walking and sleep quality, particularly among females. However, unexpected results, such as disparities in sleep quality among different age groups, highlight the complexity of factors influencing sleep patterns. While limitations exist, including potential confounding variables and sample size, this study provides valuable insights for future research. Recommendations for further research include exploring gender differences and conducting longitudinal studies across diverse demographics. Overall, this research indicates that encouraging adolescents to be more physically active, like walking, can enhance sleep quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20quality" title="sleep quality">sleep quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSQI" title=" PSQI"> PSQI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=walking" title=" walking"> walking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wearable%20device" title=" wearable device"> wearable device</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191305/the-relationship-between-walking-and-sleep-quality-among-taiwanese-high-school-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191305.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">29</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1786</span> The Relationship Between Sleep Characteristics and Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peng%20Guo">Peng Guo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: This study investigates the clinical characteristics of sleep disorders (SD) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their relationship with cognitive impairment. Methods: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of AD, 460 AD patients were consecutively included in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from January 2016 to April 2022. Demographic data, including gender, age, age of onset, course of disease, years of education and body mass index, were collected. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) scale was used to evaluate the overall sleep status. AD patients with PSQI ≥7 was divided into AD with SD (AD-SD) group, and those with PSQI < 7 were divided into AD with no SD (AD-nSD) group. The overall cognitive function of AD patients was evaluated by the scales of Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), memory was evaluated by the AVLT-immediate recall, AVLT-delayed recall and CFT-delayed memory scales, the language was evaluated by BNT scale, visuospatial ability was evaluated by CFT-imitation, executive function was evaluated by Stroop-A, Stroop-B and Stroop-C scales, attention was evaluated by TMT-A, TMT-B, and SDMT scales. The correlation between cognitive function and PSQI score in AD-SD group was analyzed. Results: Among the 460 AD patients, 173 cases (37.61%) had SD. There was no significant difference in gender, age, age of onset, course of disease, years of education and body mass index between AD-SD and AD-nSD groups (P>0.05). The factors with significant difference in PSQI scale between AD-SD and AD-nSD groups include sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, use of sleeping medication and daytime dysfunction (P<0.05). Compared with AD-nSD group, the total scores of MMSE, MoCA, AVLT-immediate recall and CFT-imitation scales in AD-SD group were significantly lower（P＜0.01，P＜0.01，P＜0.01，P＜0.05）. In AD-SD group, subjective sleep quality was significantly and negatively correlated with the scores of MMSE, MoCA, AVLT-immediate recall and CFT-imitation scales (r=-0.277，P=0.000; r=-0.216，P=0.004; r=-0.253，P=0.001; r=-0.239, P=0.004), daytime dysfunction was significantly and negatively correlated with the score of AVLT-immediate recall scale (r=-0.160，P=0.043). Conclusion The incidence of AD-SD is 37.61%. AD-SD patients have worse subjective sleep quality, longer time to fall asleep, shorter sleep time, lower sleep efficiency, severer nighttime SD, more use of sleep medicine, and severer daytime dysfunction. The overall cognitive function, immediate recall and visuospatial ability of AD-SD patients are significantly impaired and are closely correlated with the decline of subjective sleep quality. The impairment of immediate recall is highly correlated with daytime dysfunction in AD-SD patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alzheimer%27s%20disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20disorders" title=" sleep disorders"> sleep disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20impairment" title=" cognitive impairment"> cognitive impairment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation" title=" correlation"> correlation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188413/the-relationship-between-sleep-characteristics-and-cognitive-impairment-in-patients-with-alzheimers-disease" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188413.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">31</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1785</span> Sleep Quality and Burnout, Mental and Physical Health of Polish Healthcare Workers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maciej%20Bialorudzki">Maciej Bialorudzki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zbigniew%20Izdebski"> Zbigniew Izdebski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alicja%20Kozakiewicz"> Alicja Kozakiewicz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanna%20Mazur"> Joanna Mazur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The quality of sleep is extremely important for physical and mental health, especially among professional groups exposed to the suffering of the people they serve. The aim of the study is to assess sleep quality and various aspects of physical and mental health. A nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted in the first quarter of 2022 included 2227 healthcare professionals from 114 Polish hospitals and specialized outpatient clinics. The following distribution for each professional group was obtained (22% doctors; 52.6% nurses; 7.3% paramedics; 10.1% other medical professionals; 7.9% other non-medical professionals). The mean age of the respondents was 46.24 (SD=11.53). The Jenkins Sleep Scale with four items (JSS-4) was used to assess sleep quality, yielding a mean value of 5.35 (SD=5.20) in the study group and 13.7% of subjects with poor sleep quality using the cutoff point of the mean JSS-4 sum score as >11. More often, women than men reported poorer sleep quality (14,8% vs. 9,1% p=0,002). Respondents with poor sleep quality were more likely to report occupational burnout as measured by the BAT-12 (43.1% vs. 12.9% p<0.001) and high levels of stress as measured by the PSS-4 (72.5% vs. 27.5% p<0.001). In addition, those who declare experiencing a traumatic event compared to those who have not experienced it has an almost two times higher risk of poorer sleep quality (OR:1.958; 95% CI:1.509-2.542; p<0.001). In contrast, those with occupational burnout had more than five times the risk of those without occupational burnout (OR:5.092; 95% CI: 3.763-6.889; p<0.001). Sleep quality remains an important predictor of stress levels, job burnout, and quality of life assessment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20sleep" title="quality of sleep">quality of sleep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20staff" title=" medical staff"> medical staff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health" title=" mental health"> mental health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20health" title=" physical health"> physical health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20burnout" title=" occupational burnout"> occupational burnout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160877/sleep-quality-and-burnout-mental-and-physical-health-of-polish-healthcare-workers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160877.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1784</span> An Evaluation Study of Sleep and Sleep-Related Factors in Clinic Clients with Sleep Difficulties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi-Feng%20Lai">Chi-Feng Lai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Chun%20Liao%20Liao"> Wen-Chun Liao Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many people are bothered by sleep difficulties in Taiwan’s society. However, majority of patients get medical treatments without a comprehensive sleep assessment. It is still a big challenge to formulate a comprehensive assessment of sleep difficulties in clinical settings, even though many assessment tools have existed in literature. This study tries to implement reliable and effective ‘comprehensive sleep assessment scales’ in a medical center and to explore differences in sleep-related factors between clinic clients with or without sleep difficulty complaints. The comprehensive sleep assessment (CSA) scales were composed of 5 dimensions: ‘personal factors’, ‘physiological factors’, ‘psychological factors’, ‘social factors’ and ‘environmental factors, and were first evaluated by expert validity and 20 participants with test-retest reliability. The Content Validity Index (CVI) of the CSA was 0.94 and the alpha of the consistency reliability ranged 0.996-1.000. Clients who visited sleep clinic due to sleep difficulties (n=32, 16 males and 16 females, ages 43.66 ±14.214) and gender-and age- matched healthy subjects without sleep difficulties (n=96, 47 males and 49 females, ages 41.99 ±13.69) were randomly recruited at a ratio of 1:3 (with sleep difficulties vs. without sleep difficulties) to compare their sleep and the CSA factors. Results show that all clinic clients with sleep difficulties did have poor sleep quality (PSQI>5) and mild to moderate daytime sleepiness (ESS >11). Personal factors of long working hours (χ2= 10.315, p=0.001), shift workers (χ2= 8.964, p=0.003), night shift (χ2=9.395, p=0.004) and perceived stress (χ2=9.503, p=0.002) were disruptors of sleep difficulties. Physiological factors from physical examination including breathing by mouth, low soft palate, high narrow palate, Edward Angle, tongue hypertrophy, and occlusion of the worn surface were observed in clinic clients. Psychological factors including higher perceived stress (χ2=32.542, p=0.000), anxiety and depression (χ2=32.868, p=0.000); social factors including lack of leisure activities (χ2=39.857, p=0.000), more drinking habits (χ2=1.798, p=0.018), irregular amount and frequency in meals (χ2=5.086, p=0.024), excessive dinner (χ2=21.511, p=0.000), being incapable of getting up on time due to previous poor night sleep (χ2=4.444, p=0.035); and environmental factors including lights (χ2=7.683, p=0.006), noise (χ2=5.086, p=0.024), low or high bedroom temperature (χ2=4.595, p=0.032) were existed in clients. In conclusion, the CSA scales can work as valid and reliable instruments for evaluating sleep-related factors. Findings of this study provide important reference for assessing clinic clients with sleep difficulties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comprehensive%20sleep%20assessment" title="comprehensive sleep assessment">comprehensive sleep assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep-related%20factors" title=" sleep-related factors"> sleep-related factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20difficulties" title=" sleep difficulties"> sleep difficulties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85642/an-evaluation-study-of-sleep-and-sleep-related-factors-in-clinic-clients-with-sleep-difficulties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1783</span> A Survey of the Sleep-Disturbed Bedroom Environmental Factors and the Occupants Bedroom Windows or Door Opening Behaviors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chenxi%20Liao">Chenxi Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mizuho%20Akimoto"> Mizuho Akimoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariya%20Bivolarova"> Mariya Bivolarova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sekhar%20Chandra"> Sekhar Chandra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaojun%20Fan"> Xiaojun Fan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Lan"> Li Lan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jelle%20Laverge"> Jelle Laverge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pawel%20Wargocki"> Pawel Wargocki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The bedroom environment plays an important role in maintaining good sleep quality, which is vital for humans health and next-day performance. A survey of the sleep-disturbed bedroom environmental factors and the occupants’ bedroom windows (BW) or bedroom door (BD) opening behaviors was launched in the capital region of Denmark in 2020 by an online questionnaire. People were asked if they were disturbed by too warm temperature, too cool temperature, noise, or stuffy air during sleep. Also, they reported their BW or the BD opening behaviors in the morning, afternoon, evening, and during sleep. A total of 512 responses were received. Too warm temperature was reported the most among the four sleep-disturbed factors, following too cool temperature, noise, and stuffy air. Whether or not opening BW or the BD was commonly used to improve or change the bedroom environment. The respondents who were disturbed by too warm temperature during sleep opened BW for a longer time in the morning compared to those who were never disturbed by it (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.01-1.62). Those who were disturbed by too cool temperatures tended to open BW less frequently in the morning (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.97-1.57). They preferred keeping BW open in the whole day if they realized stuffy air disturbing their sleep, although only a few of them still opened BW during sleep. Those who were disturbed by too cool temperature (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63-0.92) and noise (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66-0.96) were more likely to sleep with the BD open in a lesser frequency. Opening BW, increasing ventilation rates, could relieve disturbing by stuffy air during sleep, but induced other sleep-disturbed factors such as too cool in winter and noise. Also, opening BW only when people were not sleep was not sufficient to exempt disturbing by stuffy air during sleep. Using mechanical ventilation in bedrooms is necessary to ensure good air quality and meanwhile to avoid thermal discomfort and noise during sleep. Future studies are required to figure out the required flow rate of fresh air of mechanical ventilation during sleep. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bedroom%20environmental" title="bedroom environmental">bedroom environmental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survey" title=" survey"> survey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupants%20behaviors" title=" occupants behaviors"> occupants behaviors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=windows" title=" windows"> windows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=door" title=" door"> door</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129305/a-survey-of-the-sleep-disturbed-bedroom-environmental-factors-and-the-occupants-bedroom-windows-or-door-opening-behaviors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129305.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">204</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20duration&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20duration&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20duration&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20duration&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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