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Vanth (moon) - Wikipedia

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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occultations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Occultations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Occultations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orbit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orbit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Orbit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orbit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physical_characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Physical characteristics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Physical_characteristics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Physical characteristics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Physical_characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Size,_mass,_and_density" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Size,_mass,_and_density"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Size, mass, and density</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Size,_mass,_and_density-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surface" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surface"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Surface</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surface-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Light_curve,_rotation,_and_shape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Light_curve,_rotation,_and_shape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Light curve, rotation, and shape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Light_curve,_rotation,_and_shape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanth_(sat%C3%A8l%C2%B7lit)" title="Vanth (satèl·lit) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vanth (satèl·lit)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanth_(m%C4%9Bs%C3%ADc)" title="Vanth (měsíc) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vanth (měsíc)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanth_(Mond)" title="Vanth (Mond) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vanth (Mond)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B8_(%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%85%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82)" title="Βανθ (δορυφόρος) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βανθ (δορυφόρος)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanth_(sat%C3%A9lite)" title="Vanth (satélite) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vanth (satélite)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanth_(satelitea)" title="Vanth (satelitea) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Vanth (satelitea)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanth_(lune)" title="Vanth (lune) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vanth (lune)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanth" title="Vanth – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Vanth" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanth_(l%C3%BAa)" title="Vanth (lúa) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vanth (lúa)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EC%8A%A4_(%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1)" title="반스 (위성) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="반스 (위성)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanth_(astronomia)" title="Vanth (astronomia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vanth (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Вант – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Вант" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanth_(maan)" title="Vanth (maan) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vanth (maan)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9_(%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F)" title="ヴァンス (衛星) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴァンス (衛星)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanth_(m%C3%A5ne)" title="Vanth (måne) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vanth (måne)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orcusm%C3%A5nen_Vanth" title="Orcusmånen Vanth – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Orcusmånen Vanth" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanth_(ksi%C4%99%C5%BCyc)" title="Vanth (księżyc) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Vanth (księżyc)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanth" title="Vanth – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vanth" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanth_(satelit)" title="Vanth (satelit) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vanth (satelit)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Вант (спутник) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вант (спутник)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanth" title="Vanth – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vanth" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanth" title="Vanth – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vanth" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanth" title="Vanth – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vanth" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanth_(uydu)" title="Vanth (uydu) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vanth (uydu)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_(%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Вант (супутник) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вант (супутник)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanth" title="Vanth – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vanth" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A1%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="亡卫一 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="亡卫一" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A1%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="亡卫一 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亡卫一" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q603083#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vanth_(moon)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Vanth_(moon)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Moon of Orcus</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Vanth</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Orcus-Vanth_orbit.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Orcus-Vanth_orbit.gif/290px-Orcus-Vanth_orbit.gif" decoding="async" width="290" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Orcus-Vanth_orbit.gif/435px-Orcus-Vanth_orbit.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Orcus-Vanth_orbit.gif 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Vanth (smaller object) orbiting Orcus, imaged by the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#E0CCFF">Discovery<sup id="cite_ref-IAUC8812_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IAUC8812-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planet_discoverers" title="List of minor planet discoverers">Discovered&#160;by</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Brown" title="Michael E. Brown">Michael E. Brown</a></li><li>Terry-Ann Suer<sup id="cite_ref-Suer_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;">Discovery&#160;date</th><td class="infobox-data">13 November 2005</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#E0CCFF">Designations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Designation</div></th><td class="infobox-data">(90482) Orcus I<sup id="cite_ref-MPC69496_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPC69496-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 350">&#58;&#8202;350&#8202;</span></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="&#39;v&#39; in &#39;vie&#39;">v</span><span title="/æ/: &#39;a&#39; in &#39;bad&#39;">æ</span><span title="&#39;n&#39; in &#39;nigh&#39;">n</span><span title="/θ/: &#39;th&#39; in &#39;thigh&#39;">θ</span></span>/</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_designation_in_astronomy" title="Provisional designation in astronomy">Alternative names</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">S/2005 (90482) 1<sup id="cite_ref-jpldata_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpldata-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_adjectivals_and_demonyms_of_astronomical_bodies" title="List of adjectivals and demonyms of astronomical bodies">Adjectives</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Vanthian</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#E0CCFF"><a href="/wiki/Osculating_orbit" title="Osculating orbit">Orbital characteristics</a><sup id="cite_ref-Grundy2019_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grundy2019-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 67">&#58;&#8202;67&#8202;</span></sup></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)" title="Epoch (astronomy)">Epoch</a> 21.5 September 2006 (<a href="/wiki/Julian_day" title="Julian day">JD</a> 2454000.0)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes" title="Semi-major and semi-minor axes">Semi-major axis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006899980000000000♠"></span>8<span style="margin-left:.25em;">999</span>.8<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>9.1&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kilometre" title="Kilometre">km</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">Eccentricity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6996910000000000000♠"></span>0.000<span style="margin-left:.25em;">91</span><span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.000<span style="margin-left:.25em;">53</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Orbital period (sidereal)</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005824182905600000♠"></span>9.539<span style="margin-left:.25em;">154</span><span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.000<span style="margin-left:.25em;">020</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Day" title="Day">d</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000183311931336964♠"></span>105.03<a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">°</a><span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.18<a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">°</a></span> (to <a href="/wiki/Celestial_equator" title="Celestial equator">celestial equator</a>)<br /><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000158022110475566♠"></span>90.54°<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.17°</span> (to <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic" title="Ecliptic">ecliptic</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-i-ecliptic_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i-ecliptic-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Longitude_of_the_ascending_node" title="Longitude of the ascending node">Longitude&#160;of ascending&#160;node</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999933576616891769♠"></span>53.49°<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.33°</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Argument_of_periapsis" title="Argument of periapsis">Argument&#160;of periapsis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000479110332964964♠"></span>274.51°</span><sup id="cite_ref-arg-peri_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arg-peri-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">Satellite&#160;of</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Orcus_(dwarf_planet)" title="Orcus (dwarf planet)">Orcus</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#E0CCFF"><span class="anchor" id="Infobox_Physical_characteristics"></span>Physical characteristics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Mean_radius_(astronomy)" title="Mean radius (astronomy)">Mean diameter</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005442500000000000♠"></span>442.5<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>10.2&#160;km</span> (<a href="/wiki/Occultation" title="Occultation">occultation</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Sickafoose2019_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sickafoose2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 663">&#58;&#8202;663&#8202;</span></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005475000000000000♠"></span>475<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>75&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kilometre" title="Kilometre">km</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Thermal_radiation" title="Thermal radiation">thermal</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2018_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2018-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 1">&#58;&#8202;1&#8202;</span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brown2023_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2">&#58;&#8202;2&#8202;</span></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">Mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7019870000000000000♠"></span>(8.7<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.8)<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>19</sup>&#160;kg</span><sup id="cite_ref-Brown2023_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 4">&#58;&#8202;4&#8202;</span></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Mean <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">density</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003190000000000000♠"></span>1.9<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.3&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup></span> (occultation)<sup id="cite_ref-occ-density_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-occ-density-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003150000000000000♠"></span>1.5<span style="margin-left:0.3em;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:right;">+1.0<br />−0.5</span></span>&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup></span> (thermal)<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2023_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 4">&#58;&#8202;4&#8202;</span></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Synodic_rotation_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Synodic rotation period">Synodic rotation period</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Synchronous_rotation" class="mw-redirect" title="Synchronous rotation">synchronous</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ortiz2011_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ortiz2011-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 6">&#58;&#8202;6&#8202;</span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rabinowitz2014_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rabinowitz2014-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Albedo" title="Albedo">Albedo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998800000000000000♠"></span>0.08<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.02</span><sup id="cite_ref-Brown2018_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2018-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">Temperature</a></th><td class="infobox-data">&lt;44 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sickafoose2019_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sickafoose2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 663">&#58;&#8202;663&#8202;</span></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Spectral type</div></th><td class="infobox-data">moderately <a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object#Colors" title="Trans-Neptunian object">red</a><sup id="cite_ref-Brown2010_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2010-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2702">&#58;&#8202;2702&#8202;</span></sup><br />V–I = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000103000000000000♠"></span>1.03<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.05</span><sup id="cite_ref-Brown2010_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2010-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2702">&#58;&#8202;2702&#8202;</span></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">Apparent magnitude</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">21.8<sup id="cite_ref-Grundy-tnbs_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grundy-tnbs-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_magnitude#Solar_System_bodies_(H)" title="Absolute magnitude">Absolute magnitude&#160;<i>(H)</i></a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000488000000000000♠"></span>4.88<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.05</span><sup id="cite_ref-Brown2010_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2010-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2702">&#58;&#8202;2702&#8202;</span></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Vanth</b> (formal designation <b>(90482) Orcus I</b>; <a href="/wiki/Provisional_designation" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisional designation">provisional designation</a> <b>S/2005 (90482) 1</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">natural satellite</a> or moon of the large <a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">trans-Neptunian</a> <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">dwarf planet</a> <a href="/wiki/Orcus_(dwarf_planet)" title="Orcus (dwarf planet)">Orcus</a>. It was discovered by <a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Brown" title="Michael E. Brown">Michael Brown</a> and Terry-Ann Suer using images taken by the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> on 13 November 2005. The moon has a diameter of 443&#160;km (275&#160;mi), making it about half the size of Orcus and the third-largest moon of a trans-Neptunian object. Vanth is massive enough that it shifts the <a href="/wiki/Barycenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Barycenter">barycenter</a> of the Orcus–Vanth system outside of Orcus, forming a <a href="/wiki/Binary_system" title="Binary system">binary system</a> in which the two bodies revolve around the barycenter, much like the <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a>–<a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a> system. It is hypothesized that both systems formed similarly, most likely by a <a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">giant impact</a> early in the Solar System's history.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2023_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Compared to Orcus, Vanth has a darker and slightly redder surface that supposedly lacks exposed water ice, resembling primordial <a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt_object" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuiper belt object">Kuiper belt objects</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2010_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2010-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2702">&#58;&#8202;2702&#8202;</span></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discovery">Discovery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanth_(moon)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Discovery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vanth was discovered in <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> images taken on 13 November 2005, during <a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Brown" title="Michael E. Brown">Michael Brown</a>'s survey for <a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">satellites</a> around large <a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_objects" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-Neptunian objects">trans-Neptunian objects</a> (TNOs) using Hubble<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s high-resolution <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Camera_for_Surveys" title="Advanced Camera for Surveys">Advanced Camera for Surveys</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IAUC8812_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IAUC8812-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HST10545_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HST10545-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> After Brown's Hubble survey concluded in late 2006, he and his colleague Terry-Ann Suer reported their newly discovered TNO satellites to the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bureau_for_Astronomical_Telegrams" title="Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams">Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams</a>, which announced their discovery of Vanth alongside three other TNO satellites on 22 February 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-HST10545_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HST10545-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IAUC8812_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IAUC8812-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Brown continued observing the Orcus–Vanth system with Hubble in October–December 2006 and November–December 2007 to better determine the moon's orbit.<sup id="cite_ref-HST10860_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HST10860-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HST11169_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HST11169-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Grundy-tnbs_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grundy-tnbs-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanth_(moon)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before Vanth was named, it had the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_designation" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisional designation">provisional designation</a> <span class="nowrap">S/2005 (90482) 1</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-jpldata_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpldata-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 23 March 2009, Brown asked readers of his <a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">blog</a> to suggest possible names for the satellite, with the best one to be submitted to the <a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">International Astronomical Union</a> (IAU) on 5 April.<sup id="cite_ref-MBP-Mar09_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBP-Mar09-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The name <a href="/wiki/Vanth" title="Vanth">Vanth</a>, the winged <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Etruscan mythology">Etruscan</a> <a href="/wiki/Psychopomp" title="Psychopomp">psychopomp</a> who guides the souls of the dead to the underworld, was first suggested by <a href="/wiki/Sonya_Taaffe" title="Sonya Taaffe">Sonya Taaffe</a>—a fiction writer—and became the most popular name among the large pool of suggestions.<sup id="cite_ref-MBP-Apr09_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBP-Apr09-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Taaffe_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taaffe-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vanth and <a href="/wiki/Persipnei" title="Persipnei">Persipnei</a> were among the few names that both matched the Etruscan origin and <a href="/wiki/Chthonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Chthonic">chthonic</a> theme of Orcus's name, though Brown ultimately chose Vanth because its relationship to Orcus in Etruscan mythology strongly parallels the relationship between <a href="/wiki/Pluto_(mythology)" title="Pluto (mythology)">Pluto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charon" title="Charon">Charon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MBP-Apr09_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBP-Apr09-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In Etruscan <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconography</a>, Vanth is frequently portrayed in the company of <a href="/wiki/Charun" title="Charun">Charun</a> (the Etruscan counterpart of the Greek Charon), which alludes to the similar properties of the <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> and Orcus systems (the latter being nicknamed the "anti-Pluto" because the <a href="/wiki/Orbital_resonance" title="Orbital resonance">orbital resonance</a> with <a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a> keeps it on the opposite side of the Sun from Pluto).<sup id="cite_ref-MBP-Apr09_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBP-Apr09-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Brown quoted Taaffe as saying that if Vanth "accompanies dead souls from the moment of death to the underworld itself, then of course her face is turned always toward Orcus", a reference to the likely synchronous orbit of Vanth about Orcus.<sup id="cite_ref-MBP-Apr09_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBP-Apr09-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Taaffe_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taaffe-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The submission for Vanth's name was assessed and approved by the IAU's Committee for Small Body Nomenclature,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> in agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_naming_conventions#Minor_planets" title="Astronomical naming conventions">naming procedures</a> for minor planets and satellites.<sup id="cite_ref-CSBN-MPnames_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSBN-MPnames-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The official naming citation was announced by the <a href="/wiki/Minor_Planet_Center" title="Minor Planet Center">Minor Planet Center</a> in a notice published on 30 March 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-MPC69496_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPC69496-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 350">&#58;&#8202;350&#8202;</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Observability">Observability</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanth_(moon)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Observability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual">Visual</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanth_(moon)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Visual"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From Earth, Vanth appears very close to Orcus with an <a href="/wiki/Angular_separation" class="mw-redirect" title="Angular separation">angular separation</a> of up to 0.25 <a href="/wiki/Arcsecond" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcsecond">arcseconds</a>. For this reason, Vanth can only be visually resolved in high-resolution imaging, which requires the use of large-<a href="/wiki/Aperture" title="Aperture">aperture</a> <a href="/wiki/Space_telescope" title="Space telescope">space telescopes</a> or <a href="/wiki/Observatory#Ground-based_observatories" title="Observatory">ground-based telescopes</a> aided by <a href="/wiki/Adaptive_optics" title="Adaptive optics">adaptive optics</a> or <a href="/wiki/Interferometry" title="Interferometry">interferometry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carry2011_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carry2011-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2">&#58;&#8202;2&#8202;</span></sup> In visible light, Vanth's <a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">apparent magnitude</a> is about 22, which is 2.61 <a href="/wiki/Magnitude_(astronomy)" title="Magnitude (astronomy)">magnitudes</a> fainter than Orcus or about 9% of Orcus's brightness.<sup id="cite_ref-Grundy-tnbs_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grundy-tnbs-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Carry2011_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carry2011-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 5">&#58;&#8202;5&#8202;</span></sup> Orcus and Vanth will gradually brighten as the system draws closer to the Sun until perihelion in 2142.<sup id="cite_ref-Grundy-tnbs_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grundy-tnbs-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Occultations">Occultations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanth_(moon)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Occultations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Stellar_occultation" class="mw-redirect" title="Stellar occultation">Stellar occultations</a> are a useful way of directly measuring an object's position, size, and shape, and can be predicted when the object's orbital trajectory is well-known.<sup id="cite_ref-Sickafoose2019_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sickafoose2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 657">&#58;&#8202;657&#8202;</span></sup> The first successful detection of a stellar occultation by Vanth was made by a single observatory in Hokkaido, Japan on 1 March 2014, which detected the occultation lasting 3 seconds.<sup id="cite_ref-RASNZ_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RASNZ-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JOA2017-3_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JOA2017-3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 16">&#58;&#8202;16&#8202;</span></sup> Because this was only a single detection of the occulted star's <a href="/wiki/Chord_(astronomy)" title="Chord (astronomy)">chord</a> across Vanth, the occultation did not provide a meaningful constraint on Vanth's diameter and shape.<sup id="cite_ref-Sickafoose2019_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sickafoose2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 665">&#58;&#8202;665&#8202;</span></sup> On 7 March 2017, another stellar occultation by Vanth was observed in the Americas and the Pacific Ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-Sickafoose2019_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sickafoose2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 657">&#58;&#8202;657&#8202;</span></sup> Of the five observatories that participated in observing the 2017 occultation by Vanth, two of them made positive detections.<sup id="cite_ref-Sickafoose2019_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sickafoose2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 660">&#58;&#8202;660&#8202;</span></sup> The remaining observatories that did not detect the occultation, alongside the fact that the occulted star was a <a href="/wiki/Double_star" title="Double star">double star</a>, tightly constrained the range of Vanth's possible diameters to 432–453&#160;km (268–281&#160;mi), with the assumption that Vanth had a spherical shape.<sup id="cite_ref-Sickafoose2019_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sickafoose2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 663">&#58;&#8202;663&#8202;</span></sup> The 2017 occultation showed no signs of an <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">atmosphere</a> on Vanth, which places an upper bound <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">pressure</a> of 1–4&#160;<a href="/wiki/Bar_(unit)" title="Bar (unit)">microbars</a> for a potential atmosphere. The 2017 occultation also showed no signs of <a href="/wiki/Ring_system" title="Ring system">rings</a> within 10,000&#160;km (6,200&#160;mi) from Vanth or beyond 8,010&#160;km (4,980&#160;mi) from Orcus.<sup id="cite_ref-Sickafoose2019_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sickafoose2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 657">&#58;&#8202;657&#8202;</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orbit">Orbit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanth_(moon)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Orbit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orcus_Vanth_orbit.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Orcus_Vanth_orbit.png/220px-Orcus_Vanth_orbit.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Orcus_Vanth_orbit.png/330px-Orcus_Vanth_orbit.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Orcus_Vanth_orbit.png/440px-Orcus_Vanth_orbit.png 2x" data-file-width="1734" data-file-height="1656" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of Vanth's orbit as viewed face-on from Earth. Vanth appears to revolve counterclockwise because its orbital north pole is pointed toward Earth's line of sight.</figcaption></figure> <p>Vanth forms a <a href="/wiki/Binary_system" title="Binary system">binary system</a> with Orcus, in which the two bodies revolve around the <a href="/wiki/Barycenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Barycenter">barycenter</a> between them. Orcus and Vanth are separated 9,000&#160;km (5,600&#160;mi) apart from each other's centers and revolve around their barycenter in nearly <a href="/wiki/Circular_orbit" title="Circular orbit">circular orbits</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">period</a> of 9.54&#160;days.<sup id="cite_ref-Grundy2019_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grundy2019-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 67">&#58;&#8202;67&#8202;</span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brown2023_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Vanth is less massive than Orcus, so it is the secondary component of the binary system and it orbits farther out from the barycenter at an orbital radius of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006777000000000000♠"></span>7,770&#160;km</span> (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006777313152000000♠"></span>4,830&#160;mi</span>; 86.3% of the Orcus–Vanth separation distance). The more massive primary component, Orcus, orbits closer to the barycenter at an orbital radius of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006123000000000000♠"></span>1,230&#160;km</span> (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006122310144000000♠"></span>760&#160;mi</span>; 13.7% of the separation distance).<sup id="cite_ref-barycenter_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barycenter-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brown2023_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 4">&#58;&#8202;4&#8202;</span></sup> </p><p>Vanth's orbit is <a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">inclined</a> perpendicularly (90°) with respect to the <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic" title="Ecliptic">plane of the Solar System</a>. During the time Vanth was observed (2005–2023), the north pole of its orbit was pointed towards Earth such that Vanth's orbit appeared face-on or pole-on from Earth's perspective.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2010_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2010-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 2700–2701">&#58;&#8202;2700–2701&#8202;</span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brown2023_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 4">&#58;&#8202;4&#8202;</span></sup> The perspective of Vanth's orbital plane shifts very slowly as the Orcus–Vanth system travels along its 247-year orbit around the Sun.<sup id="cite_ref-jpldata_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpldata-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Because of this slow shift in perspective, astronomers were not able determine Vanth's actual orbital inclination until 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-Grundy2019_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grundy2019-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 67">&#58;&#8202;67&#8202;</span></sup> Vanth's orbit will eventually shift from a face-on to an edge-on perspective by the year 2082, after which the Orcus–Vanth system begins its season of mutual events where Orcus and Vanth take turns <a href="/wiki/Eclipse" title="Eclipse">eclipsing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Planetary_transits_and_occultations" title="Planetary transits and occultations">transiting</a> each other.<sup id="cite_ref-Grundy2019_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grundy2019-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 67">&#58;&#8202;67&#8202;</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanth_(moon)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The circular orbits and relative component sizes of the Orcus–Vanth system bear similarities to the Pluto–Charon binary system, which led astronomers to suspect that these two systems formed and evolved similarly.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2010_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2010-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2705">&#58;&#8202;2705&#8202;</span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brown2023_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 5">&#58;&#8202;5&#8202;</span></sup> As hypothesized for Charon, Vanth is believed to be a captured fragment of a large body that <a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">impacted</a> Orcus likely before the outward <a href="/wiki/Planetary_migration" title="Planetary migration">migration</a> of Neptune 700 million years after the <a href="/wiki/Formation_of_the_Solar_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Formation of the Solar System">formation of the Solar System</a> (about 4 billion years ago).<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2023_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 5">&#58;&#8202;5&#8202;</span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Arakawa2019_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arakawa2019-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 805">&#58;&#8202;805&#8202;</span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fluid_dynamics" title="Fluid dynamics">Hydrodynamic</a> simulations by researchers Sota Arakawa et al. in 2019 suggested that an impactor traveling close to Orcus's <a href="/wiki/Escape_velocity" title="Escape velocity">escape velocity</a> should impact Orcus at an oblique angle greater than 45° for it to leave a large, intact fragment in orbit around Orcus.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2023_10-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 5">&#58;&#8202;5&#8202;</span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Arakawa2019_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arakawa2019-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 804">&#58;&#8202;804&#8202;</span></sup> This fragment, which would become Vanth, would initially have an eccentric orbit close to Orcus.<sup id="cite_ref-Arakawa2019_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arakawa2019-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 804">&#58;&#8202;804&#8202;</span></sup> Arakawa et al.'s simulations predicted that both Orcus and Vanth should remain molten for at least 10,000 years for <a href="/wiki/Tidal_force" title="Tidal force">tidal interactions</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tidal_locking" title="Tidal locking">tidally lock</a> both components and expand and circularize Vanth's orbit before the present day.<sup id="cite_ref-Arakawa2019_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arakawa2019-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 804, 806">&#58;&#8202;804, 806&#8202;</span></sup> Earlier calculations by Michael Brown et al. in 2010 suggested that it took 150–400 million years for both components of the Orcus–Vanth system to migrate out to their current separation distance and become tidally locked.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2010_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2010-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2704">&#58;&#8202;2704&#8202;</span></sup> </p><p>An impact origin of the Orcus and Vanth system would imply that both components should have similar densities, surface compositions, and colors.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2010_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2010-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2702">&#58;&#8202;2702&#8202;</span></sup> While Vanth does have a similar density to Orcus (albeit with large uncertainty),<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2023_10-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 5">&#58;&#8202;5&#8202;</span></sup> Vanth appears redder and tentative spectroscopic studies have suggested that it has low amounts of exposed water ice, which may make it resemble primordial <a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt_object" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuiper belt object">Kuiper belt objects</a> more than Orcus, whose surface has a neutral (gray) color and is abundant in exposed water ice by contrast.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2010_14-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2010-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2702">&#58;&#8202;2702&#8202;</span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Carry2011_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carry2011-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 5">&#58;&#8202;5&#8202;</span></sup> While the uncertain nature of Orcus and Vanth's compositional difference does not necessarily refute the impact hypothesis, it does lend plausibility to alternative hypotheses for Vanth's origin, such as the <a href="/wiki/Gravitational_capture" title="Gravitational capture">gravitational capture</a> of a Kuiper belt object.<sup id="cite_ref-Carry2011_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carry2011-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 5">&#58;&#8202;5&#8202;</span></sup> However, these alternative hypotheses have since fallen out of favor as Vanth's physical properties and formation mechanisms of dwarf planet satellites became better understood.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2018_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2018-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 1">&#58;&#8202;1&#8202;</span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brown2023_10-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_characteristics">Physical characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanth_(moon)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Physical characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Size,_mass,_and_density"><span id="Size.2C_mass.2C_and_density"></span>Size, mass, and density</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanth_(moon)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Size, mass, and density"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Binary_dwarf_planets_scale_comparison.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Binary_dwarf_planets_scale_comparison.png/440px-Binary_dwarf_planets_scale_comparison.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Binary_dwarf_planets_scale_comparison.png/660px-Binary_dwarf_planets_scale_comparison.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Binary_dwarf_planets_scale_comparison.png/880px-Binary_dwarf_planets_scale_comparison.png 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of the three largest binary trans-Neptunian dwarf planets and their satellites with true colors, diameters, and distances to scale. Each system's barycenter position marked is in red crosshairs.</figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vanth_(moon)&amp;action=edit">&#91;update&#93;</a></sup>, the most accurate estimate for Vanth's diameter is 443&#160;±&#160;10&#160;km (275&#160;±&#160;6&#160;mi), determined from a stellar occultation in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-Sickafoose2019_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sickafoose2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 663, 665">&#58;&#8202;663,&#8202;665&#8202;</span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brown2023_10-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2">&#58;&#8202;2&#8202;</span></sup> This estimate is consistent with the previous estimate of 475&#160;±&#160;75&#160;km (295&#160;±&#160;47&#160;mi) from <a href="/wiki/Thermal_radiation" title="Thermal radiation">thermal emission</a> measurements by the <a href="/wiki/Atacama_Large_Millimeter_Array" title="Atacama Large Millimeter Array">Atacama Large Millimeter Array</a> (ALMA) in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-Sickafoose2019_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sickafoose2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 664">&#58;&#8202;664&#8202;</span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brown2018_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2018-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2">&#58;&#8202;2&#8202;</span></sup> Both estimates show that Vanth is roughly half of Orcus's diameter and is the third-largest known moon of a trans-Neptunian object, after Charon and <a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" title="Dysnomia (moon)">Dysnomia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2018_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2018-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 3">&#58;&#8202;3&#8202;</span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brown2023_10-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2">&#58;&#8202;2&#8202;</span></sup> </p><p>Vanth is massive enough that it gravitationally forces Orcus into orbit around the system's barycenter. High-resolution imaging by ALMA resolved Orcus's barycentric orbital motion in 2016, which showed that the barycenter lay <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999136999999999999♠"></span>13.7%<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>1.3%</span> along the separation distance from Orcus to Vanth.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2023_10-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 4">&#58;&#8202;4&#8202;</span></sup> This indicates Vanth has a mass of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7019870000000000000♠"></span>(8.7<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.8)<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>19</sup>&#160;kg</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-barycenter_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barycenter-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brown2023_10-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 4">&#58;&#8202;4&#8202;</span></sup> Of all known planet and dwarf planet <a href="/wiki/Satellite_system_(astronomy)" title="Satellite system (astronomy)">satellite systems</a>, Vanth is the most massive satellite relative to its primary: the ratio of Vanth's mass to Orcus's mass is <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999160000000000000♠"></span>16%<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>2%</span>, which is greater than the Pluto–Charon binary's mass ratio of 12%.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2023_10-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 5">&#58;&#8202;5&#8202;</span></sup> </p><p>Vanth appears to have a similar density as Orcus, despite there being large uncertainties in current estimates for Vanth's density.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2023_10-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 5">&#58;&#8202;5&#8202;</span></sup> According to ALMA measurements for Vanth's diameter and mass, Vanth's density is <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003150000000000000♠"></span>1.5<span style="margin-left:0.3em;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:right;">+0.5<br />−1.0</span></span>&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2023_10-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 4">&#58;&#8202;4&#8202;</span></sup> Using the occultation estimate for Vanth's diameter instead of ALMA yields a higher density of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003190000000000000♠"></span>1.9<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.3&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-occ-density_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-occ-density-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> If Vanth's density is indeed similar to Orcus's, this would support an impact origin for the system.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2023_10-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 5">&#58;&#8202;5&#8202;</span></sup> Nevertheless, additional observations of the Orcus–Vanth system are needed to refine Vanth's mass and density before any conclusions could be made about Vanth's origin and interior structure.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2023_10-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 5">&#58;&#8202;5&#8202;</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surface">Surface</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanth_(moon)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Surface"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Visible and <a href="/wiki/Near-infrared" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-infrared">near-infrared</a> Hubble observations of Vanth from 2007–2008 showed that the moon's surface appears moderately red, being increasingly more reflective over longer and redder <a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">wavelengths</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2010_14-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2010-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2702">&#58;&#8202;2702&#8202;</span></sup> Vanth's surface is expected to be devoid of <a href="/wiki/Volatile_(astrogeology)" title="Volatile (astrogeology)">volatile ices</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">methane</a>, since Vanth is too small for its gravity to prevent gases from <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_escape" title="Atmospheric escape">escaping into space</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Delsanti2010_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delsanti2010-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 8">&#58;&#8202;8&#8202;</span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Near-infrared" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-infrared">Near-infrared</a> <a href="/wiki/Spectroscopy" title="Spectroscopy">spectroscopy</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Very_Large_Telescope" title="Very Large Telescope">Very Large Telescope</a> in 2010 confirmed Vanth's reddish color but did not conclusively detect signs of water ice in Vanth's spectrum due to the low resolution of the observations.<sup id="cite_ref-Carry2011_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carry2011-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 5">&#58;&#8202;5&#8202;</span></sup> Nevertheless, Vanth's reddish spectrum appears consistent with a low water ice abundance on its surface, which suggests that its surface composition may be similar to those of <a href="/wiki/Tholin" title="Tholin">tholin</a>-covered Kuiper belt objects.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2010_14-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2010-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2702">&#58;&#8202;2702&#8202;</span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Carry2011_25-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carry2011-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 5">&#58;&#8202;5&#8202;</span></sup> Vanth's reddish color and apparent lack of exposed water ice hinted that it should have a dark surface with a <a href="/wiki/Geometric_albedo" title="Geometric albedo">geometric albedo</a> lower than that of Orcus;<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2010_14-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2010-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2704">&#58;&#8202;2704&#8202;</span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ortiz2011_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ortiz2011-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 6">&#58;&#8202;6&#8202;</span></sup> this was confirmed in ALMA observations from 2016, which determined a geometric albedo of 0.08 for Vanth based on its thermal emission.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2018_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2018-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 3">&#58;&#8202;3&#8202;</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Light_curve,_rotation,_and_shape"><span id="Light_curve.2C_rotation.2C_and_shape"></span>Light curve, rotation, and shape</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanth_(moon)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Light curve, rotation, and shape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the pole-on perspective of the Orcus–Vanth system from Earth, a large portion of the components' surfaces stay in view as they rotate, resulting in minuscule changes in brightness that make it difficult for astronomers to study the system's <a href="/wiki/Light_curve" title="Light curve">light curve</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2010_14-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2010-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2704">&#58;&#8202;2704&#8202;</span></sup> In addition, Orcus and Vanth orbit so close to each other that most telescopes on Earth cannot resolve them individually, so the light curves from each component are combined as a single light curve.<sup id="cite_ref-Ortiz2011_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ortiz2011-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2">&#58;&#8202;2&#8202;</span></sup> Continuous <a href="/wiki/Photometry_(astronomy)" title="Photometry (astronomy)">photometric</a> observations of the unresolved Orcus–Vanth system in 2009–2010 showed that its overall brightness varies with a small light curve <a href="/wiki/Amplitude" title="Amplitude">amplitude</a> of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998600000000000000♠"></span>0.06<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.04</span> magnitudes and a period of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000969999999999999♠"></span>9.7<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.3</span> days.<sup id="cite_ref-Ortiz2011_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ortiz2011-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 3">&#58;&#8202;3&#8202;</span></sup> This roughly coincides with Vanth's 9.54-day orbital period, which indicates there is <a href="/wiki/Tidal_locking" title="Tidal locking">synchronous rotation</a> in one or both of the system's components.<sup id="cite_ref-Ortiz2011_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ortiz2011-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 3">&#58;&#8202;3&#8202;</span></sup> At least one of these synchronously rotating components must have either an elongated shape or surface albedo variations to cause these brightness variations.<sup id="cite_ref-Ortiz2011_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ortiz2011-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 3">&#58;&#8202;3&#8202;</span></sup> Researchers <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Ortiz_Moreno" title="José Luis Ortiz Moreno">José Luis Ortiz</a> et al. suggested in 2011 that at least Vanth must be synchronously rotating according to the Orcus–Vanth system's light curve,<sup id="cite_ref-Ortiz2011_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ortiz2011-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 3">&#58;&#8202;3&#8202;</span></sup> whereas <a href="/wiki/David_L._Rabinowitz" title="David L. Rabinowitz">David Rabinowitz</a> and Yasi Owainati argued in 2014 that the system's variability should most likely come from both components, meaning the Orcus–Vanth system should be doubly synchronous.<sup id="cite_ref-Rabinowitz2014_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rabinowitz2014-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>No individually-resolved light curve for Vanth has been measured yet, so its shape is unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-Sickafoose2019_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sickafoose2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 663">&#58;&#8202;663&#8202;</span></sup> Vanth's diameter lies close to the ~400&#160;km (250&#160;mi) threshold for <a href="/wiki/Hydrostatic_equilibrium" title="Hydrostatic equilibrium">hydrostatic equilibrium</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn" title="Moons of Saturn">moons of Saturn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Uranus" title="Moons of Uranus">Uranus</a>, so Vanth would probably not be massive enough to gravitationally compress itself into a sphere, especially in the cold temperatures of the Kuiper belt (below 44&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>; −229&#160;<a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">°C</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Sickafoose2019_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sickafoose2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 663">&#58;&#8202;663&#8202;</span></sup> where ice and rock are more rigid.<sup id="cite_ref-Lineweaver2009_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lineweaver2009-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 75">&#58;&#8202;75&#8202;</span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tancredi2010_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tancredi2010-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 176">&#58;&#8202;176&#8202;</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanth_(moon)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-i-ecliptic-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-i-ecliptic_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Given Vanth's orbit pole <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic_latitude" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecliptic latitude">ecliptic latitude</a> of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="3002057522203923059♠"></span>−0.54°<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.17°</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-Grundy2019_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grundy2019-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 67">&#58;&#8202;67&#8202;</span></sup> subtracting this angle from the ecliptic north pole of +90° gives the inclination with respect to the ecliptic: <i>i</i> = +90° – (–0.54°) = +90.54°.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arg-peri-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-arg-peri_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grundy et al. (2019) only give the <a href="/wiki/Longitude_of_periapsis" title="Longitude of periapsis">longitude of periapsis</a> for Vanth's orbit, which is <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000572467994654141♠"></span>328°<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>51°</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Grundy2019_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grundy2019-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 67">&#58;&#8202;67&#8202;</span></sup> The longitude of periapsis is the sum of the <a href="/wiki/Ascending_node" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascending node">ascending node</a> and <a href="/wiki/Argument_of_periapsis" title="Argument of periapsis">argument of periapsis</a>, so subtracting Vanth's ascending node of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999933576616891769♠"></span>53.49°<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.33°</span> from its longitude of periapsis gives <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000479110332964964♠"></span>274.51°</span> for its argument of periapsis.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-occ-density-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-occ-density_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-occ-density_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown and Butler (2023) did not calculate Vanth's density for its occultation-derived diameter of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005442500000000000♠"></span>442.5<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>10.2&#160;km</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2023_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2">&#58;&#8202;2&#8202;</span></sup> Using correct units, dividing Vanth's estimated mass of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7019870000000000000♠"></span>(8.7<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.8)<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>19</sup>&#160;kg</span> by the spherical volume of the occultation-derived diameter gives a density of approximately <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003190000000000000♠"></span>1.9<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.3&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In his blog posts, Michael Brown wrote Vanth's provisional designation as <span class="nowrap">S/1 90482 (2005)</span>, which is a not a standard way of writing satellite provisional designations.<sup id="cite_ref-MBP-Mar09_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBP-Mar09-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MBP-Apr09_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBP-Apr09-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The IAU's Committee for Small Body Nomenclature is now known as the Working Group Small Body Nomenclature.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-barycenter-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-barycenter_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-barycenter_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">In a <a href="/wiki/Barycenter#Two-body_problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Barycenter">two-body binary system</a>, the ratio of the primary body's (Orcus) orbital radius (<i>r</i><sub>1</sub>) from the barycenter to the system's separation distance (<i>a</i>) is equivalent to the ratio of the secondary's (Vanth) mass (<i>m</i><sub>2</sub>) to the system's total mass (<i>m</i><sub>1</sub>&#160;+&#160;<i>m</i><sub>2</sub>): <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {r_{1}}{a}}={\frac {m_{2}}{m_{1}+m_{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi>a</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {r_{1}}{a}}={\frac {m_{2}}{m_{1}+m_{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c5a704c57f02f78fdfc3e57e3f9f4f80b735829b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:15.903ex; height:5.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {r_{1}}{a}}={\frac {m_{2}}{m_{1}+m_{2}}}}"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanth_(moon)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IAUC8812-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IAUC8812_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IAUC8812_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IAUC8812_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGreen2007" class="citation journal cs1">Green, Daniel W. E. (22 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/08800/08812.html#Item1">"Satellites of 2003 AZ_84, (50000), (55637), and (90482)"</a>. <i>IAU Circular</i>. <b>8812</b>. Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams: 1. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007IAUC.8812....1B">2007IAUC.8812....1B</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719205520/http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/08800/08812.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=IAU+Circular&amp;rft.atitle=Satellites+of+2003+AZ_84%2C+%2850000%29%2C+%2855637%29%2C+and+%2890482%29&amp;rft.volume=8812&amp;rft.pages=1&amp;rft.date=2007-02-22&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007IAUC.8812....1B&amp;rft.aulast=Green&amp;rft.aufirst=Daniel+W.+E.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbat.eps.harvard.edu%2Fiauc%2F08800%2F08812.html%23Item1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVanth+%28moon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suer-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Suer_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuer" class="citation web cs1">Suer, Terry-Ann. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/view/terryannsuer/publications">"Publications"</a>. <i>sites.google.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=sites.google.com&amp;rft.atitle=Publications&amp;rft.aulast=Suer&amp;rft.aufirst=Terry-Ann&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fview%2Fterryannsuer%2Fpublications&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVanth+%28moon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MPC69496-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MPC69496_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPC69496_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minorplanetcenter.org/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/2010/MPC_20100330.pdf">"M. P. 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Robert (27 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/astmoons/am-90482.html">"(90482) Orcus <i>and</i> Vanth"</a>. <i>Asteroids with Satellites Database</i>. Johnston's Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Asteroids+with+Satellites+Database&amp;rft.atitle=%2890482%29+Orcus+and+Vanth&amp;rft.date=2019-05-27&amp;rft.aulast=Johnston&amp;rft.aufirst=Wm.+Robert&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johnstonsarchive.net%2Fastro%2Fastmoons%2Fam-90482.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVanth+%28moon%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLakdawalla2018" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Emily_Lakdawalla" title="Emily Lakdawalla">Lakdawalla, Emily</a> (25 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.planetary.org/articles/0202-big-moons-dysnomia-vanth">"Some big moons in the Kuiper belt"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Planetary_Society" title="The Planetary Society">The Planetary Society</a>.</cite><span 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.navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dwarf_planets" title="Template:Dwarf planets"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dwarf_planets" title="Template talk:Dwarf planets"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dwarf_planets" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dwarf planets"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dwarf_planets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">Dwarf planets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_possible_dwarf_planets" title="List of possible dwarf planets">List of possible dwarf planets</a></li> <li>Former dwarf planets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(moon)" title="Phoebe (moon)">Phoebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(moon)" title="Triton (moon)">Triton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">Vesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Pallas" title="2 Pallas">Pallas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoplanet" title="Mesoplanet">Mesoplanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planemo" class="mw-redirect" title="Planemo">Planemo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Consensus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Ceres" title="Geology of Ceres">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)#Atmosphere" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Atmosphere</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Orcus_(dwarf_planet)" title="Orcus (dwarf planet)">Orcus</a></b> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Moon</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Pluto" title="Geology of Pluto">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Pluto" title="Atmosphere of Pluto">Atmosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Pluto" title="Moons of Pluto">Moons</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Haumea" title="Haumea">Haumea</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Haumea" title="Moons of Haumea">Moons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea#Ring" title="Haumea">Ring</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Makemake" title="Makemake">Makemake</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S/2015_(136472)_1" title="S/2015 (136472) 1">Moon</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Quaoar" title="Quaoar">Quaoar</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weywot" title="Weywot">Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaoar#Rings" title="Quaoar">Rings</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" title="Dysnomia (moon)">Moon</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gonggong_(dwarf_planet)" title="Gonggong (dwarf planet)">Gonggong</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiangliu_(moon)" title="Xiangliu (moon)">Moon</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sedna_(dwarf_planet)" title="Sedna (dwarf planet)">Sedna</a></b></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_(22381131691)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/110px-Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/165px-Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="836" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/110px-Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/165px-Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/220px-Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="8000" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Candidate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_Hygiea" title="10 Hygiea">Hygiea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/704_Interamnia" title="704 Interamnia">Interamnia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Centaur_(small_Solar_System_body)" title="Centaur (small Solar System body)">Centaurs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10199_Chariklo" title="10199 Chariklo">Chariklo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2060_Chiron" title="2060 Chiron">Chiron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5145_Pholus" title="5145 Pholus">Pholus</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(44594)_1999_OX3" title="(44594) 1999 OX3">1999 OX<sub>3</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(501214)_2013_TC146" class="mw-redirect" title="(501214) 2013 TC146">2013 TC<sub>146</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(523727)_2014_NW65" title="(523727) 2014 NW65">2014 NW<sub>65</sub></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plutino" title="Plutino">Plutinos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/38628_Huya" title="38628 Huya">Huya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28978_Ixion" title="28978 Ixion">Ixion</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(469372)_2001_QF298" title="(469372) 2001 QF298">2001 QF<sub>298</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(84719)_2002_VR128" title="(84719) 2002 VR128">2002 VR<sub>128</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(612533)_2002_XV93" title="(612533) 2002 XV93">2002 XV<sub>93</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(208996)_2003_AZ84" title="(208996) 2003 AZ84">2003 AZ<sub>84</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(455502)_2003_UZ413" title="(455502) 2003 UZ413">2003 UZ<sub>413</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(84922)_2003_VS2" title="(84922) 2003 VS2">2003 VS<sub>2</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(470308)_2007_JH43" title="(470308) 2007 JH43">2007 JH<sub>43</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_OF69" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 OF69">2017 OF<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">69</span></span></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Resonant_trans-Neptunian_object#1:2_resonance_(&quot;twotinos&quot;,_period_~330_years)" title="Resonant trans-Neptunian object">Twotinos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(119979)_2002_WC19" title="(119979) 2002 WC19">2002 WC<sub>19</sub></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classical_Kuiper_belt_object" title="Classical Kuiper belt object">Cubewanos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/19521_Chaos" title="19521 Chaos">Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/120347_Salacia" title="120347 Salacia">Salacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/174567_Varda" title="174567 Varda">Varda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20000_Varuna" title="20000 Varuna">Varuna</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(35671)_1998_SN165" title="(35671) 1998 SN165">1998 SN<sub>165</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(55565)_2002_AW197" title="(55565) 2002 AW197">2002 AW<sub>197</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_CY248" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 CY248">2002 CY<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">248</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(119951)_2002_KX14" title="(119951) 2002 KX14">2002 KX<sub>14</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(307261)_2002_MS4" title="(307261) 2002 MS4">2002 MS<sub>4</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(55637)_2002_UX25" title="(55637) 2002 UX25">2002 UX<sub>25</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(307616)_2003_QW90" class="mw-redirect" title="(307616) 2003 QW90">2003 QW<sub>90</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(90568)_2004_GV9" title="(90568) 2004 GV9">2004 GV<sub>9</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(444030)_2004_NT33" title="(444030) 2004 NT33">2004 NT<sub>33</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(175113)_2004_PF115" title="(175113) 2004 PF115">2004 PF<sub>115</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(120348)_2004_TY364" title="(120348) 2004 TY364">2004 TY<sub>364</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(144897)_2004_UX10" title="(144897) 2004 UX10">2004 UX<sub>10</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(145452)_2005_RN43" title="(145452) 2005 RN43">2005 RN<sub>43</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(202421)_2005_UQ513" title="(202421) 2005 UQ513">2005 UQ<sub>513</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_FX86" title="2010 FX86">2010 FX<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">86</span></span></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other KBOs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(469306)_1999_CD158" title="(469306) 1999 CD158">1999 CD<sub>158</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(26375)_1999_DE9" title="(26375) 1999 DE9">1999 DE<sub>9</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(82075)_2000_YW134" title="(82075) 2000 YW134">2000 YW<sub>134</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(78799)_2002_XW93" title="(78799) 2002 XW93">2002 XW<sub>93</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(574372)_2010_JO179" title="(574372) 2010 JO179">2010 JO<sub>179</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(523645)_2010_VK201" title="(523645) 2010 VK201">2010 VK<sub>201</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_FW62" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 FW62">2011 FW<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">62</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(471288)_2011_GM27" title="(471288) 2011 GM27">2011 GM<sub>27</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(523671)_2013_FZ27" title="(523671) 2013 FZ27">2013 FZ<sub>27</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(472271)_2014_UM33" title="(472271) 2014 UM33">2014 UM<sub>33</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(495603)_2015_AM281" title="(495603) 2015 AM281">2015 AM<sub>281</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(523794)_2015_RR245" title="(523794) 2015 RR245">2015 RR<sub>245</sub></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scattered_disc" title="Scattered disc">Scattered disc<br />objects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/229762_G%C7%83k%C3%BAn%C7%81%CA%BCh%C3%B2md%C3%ADm%C3%A0" title="229762 Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà">Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/471143_Dziewanna" title="471143 Dziewanna">Dziewanna</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(26181)_1996_GQ21" class="mw-redirect" title="(26181) 1996 GQ21">1996 GQ<sub>21</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(15874)_1996_TL66" title="(15874) 1996 TL66">1996 TL<sub>66</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(42301)_2001_UR163" title="(42301) 2001 UR163">2001 UR<sub>163</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(84522)_2002_TC302" title="(84522) 2002 TC302">2002 TC<sub>302</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(230965)_2004_XA192" title="(230965) 2004 XA192">2004 XA<sub>192</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(303775)_2005_QU182" title="(303775) 2005 QU182">2005 QU<sub>182</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(145451)_2005_RM43" title="(145451) 2005 RM43">2005 RM<sub>43</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_QH181" title="2006 QH181">2006 QH<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">181</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(470599)_2008_OG19" title="(470599) 2008 OG19">2008 OG<sub>19</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_KZ39" title="2010 KZ39">2010 KZ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">39</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(523639)_2010_RE64" title="(523639) 2010 RE64">2010 RE<sub>64</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(589683)_2010_RF43" title="(589683) 2010 RF43">2010 RF<sub>43</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_JO179" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 JO179">2010 JO<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">179</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_TJ" title="2010 TJ">2010 TJ</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(445473)_2010_VZ98" title="(445473) 2010 VZ98">2010 VZ<sub>98</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(532037)_2013_FY27" title="(532037) 2013 FY27">2013 FY<sub>27</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(543354)_2014_AN55" title="(543354) 2014 AN55">2014 AN<sub>55</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(523692)_2014_EZ51" title="(523692) 2014 EZ51">2014 EZ<sub>51</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_UZ224" title="2014 UZ224">2014 UZ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">224</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(523759)_2014_WK509" title="(523759) 2014 WK509">2014 WK<sub>509</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015_KH162" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 KH162">2015 KH<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">162</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015_RR245" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 RR245">2015 RR<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">245</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_FO161" title="2017 FO161">2017 FO<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">161</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_AG37" title="2018 AG37">2018 AG<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">37</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_VG18" title="2018 VG18">2018 VG<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">18</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_DR15" title="2021 DR15">2021 DR<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">15</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_LL37" title="2021 LL37">2021 LL<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">37</span></span></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Detached_object" title="Detached object">Detached objects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(120132)_2003_FY128" title="(120132) 2003 FY128">2003 FY<sub>128</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(612584)_2003_QX113" title="(612584) 2003 QX113">2003 QX<sub>113</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(612911)_2004_XR190" title="(612911) 2004 XR190">2004 XR<sub>190</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(145480)_2005_TB190" title="(145480) 2005 TB190">2005 TB<sub>190</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(278361)_2007_JJ43" title="(278361) 2007 JJ43">2007 JJ<sub>43</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(528381)_2008_ST291" title="(528381) 2008 ST291">2008 ST<sub>291</sub></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sednoid" title="Sednoid">Sednoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_VP113" title="2012 VP113">2012 VP<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">113</span></span></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Dwarf_planets" title="Category:Dwarf planets">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Moons_of_likely_dwarf_planets" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Moons_of_dwarf_planets" title="Template:Moons of dwarf planets"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Moons_of_dwarf_planets" title="Template talk:Moons of dwarf planets"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Moons_of_dwarf_planets" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Moons of dwarf planets"><abbr title="Edit this 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title="Moons of Haumea">Haumea</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Makemake" title="Makemake">Makemake</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/225088_Gonggong" class="mw-redirect" title="225088 Gonggong">Gonggong</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align: center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styx_(moon)" title="Styx (moon)">Styx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nix_(moon)" title="Nix (moon)">Nix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerberos_(moon)" title="Kerberos (moon)">Kerberos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(moon)" title="Hydra (moon)">Hydra</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Haumea" class="mw-redirect" title="Rings of Haumea">ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namaka_(moon)" title="Namaka (moon)">Namaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi%CA%BBiaka_(moon)" title="Hiʻiaka (moon)">Hiʻiaka</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" title="Dysnomia (moon)">Dysnomia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S/2015_(136472)_1" title="S/2015 (136472) 1">S/2015 (136472) 1</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiangliu_(moon)" title="Xiangliu (moon)">Xiangliu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/50000_Quaoar" class="mw-redirect" title="50000 Quaoar">Quaoar</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/90482_Orcus" class="mw-redirect" title="90482 Orcus">Orcus</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/120347_Salacia" title="120347 Salacia">Salacia</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/174567_Varda" title="174567 Varda">Varda</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_FY27" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 FY27">2013 FY<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">27</span></span></a></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align: center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/50000_Quaoar#Rings" class="mw-redirect" title="50000 Quaoar">rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weywot" title="Weywot">Weywot</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vanth</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actaea_(moon)" title="Actaea (moon)">Actaea</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilmar%C3%AB" title="Ilmarë">Ilmarë</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S/2018_(532037)_1" class="mw-redirect" title="S/2018 (532037) 1"><span class="nowrap">2013 FY<sub>27</sub></span> I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Trans-Neptunian_objects" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Trans-Neptunian_objects_navbox" title="Template:Trans-Neptunian objects navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Trans-Neptunian_objects_navbox" title="Template talk:Trans-Neptunian objects navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trans-Neptunian_objects_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Trans-Neptunian objects navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Trans-Neptunian_objects" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">Trans-Neptunian objects</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal; text-align:center;">TNO classes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Kuiper_belt_object" title="Classical Kuiper belt object">Cubewanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_disc" title="Scattered disc">Scattered-disc objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detached_object" title="Detached object">Detached objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resonant_trans-Neptunian_object" title="Resonant trans-Neptunian object">Resonant objects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neptune_trojan" title="Neptune trojan">Neptune trojans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutino" title="Plutino">Plutinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resonant_trans-Neptunian_object#1:2_resonance_(&quot;twotinos&quot;,_period_~330_years)" title="Resonant trans-Neptunian object">Twotinos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor-planet_moon#Trans-Neptunian_objects" title="Minor-planet moon">TNO moons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">Dwarf planets</a> <span class="nowrap">(moons)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orcus_(dwarf_planet)" title="Orcus (dwarf planet)">Orcus</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vanth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styx_(moon)" title="Styx (moon)">Styx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nix_(moon)" title="Nix (moon)">Nix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerberos_(moon)" title="Kerberos (moon)">Kerberos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(moon)" title="Hydra (moon)">Hydra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea" title="Haumea">Haumea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Namaka_(moon)" title="Namaka (moon)">Namaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi%CA%BBiaka_(moon)" title="Hiʻiaka (moon)">Hiʻiaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea#Ring" title="Haumea">Ring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaoar" title="Quaoar">Quaoar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weywot_(moon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Weywot (moon)">Weywot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50000_Quaoar#Rings" class="mw-redirect" title="50000 Quaoar">Rings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makemake" title="Makemake">Makemake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S/2015_(136472)_1" title="S/2015 (136472) 1">MK2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonggong_(dwarf_planet)" title="Gonggong (dwarf planet)">Gonggong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiangliu_(moon)" title="Xiangliu (moon)">Xiangliu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" title="Dysnomia (moon)">Dysnomia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedna_(dwarf_planet)" title="Sedna (dwarf planet)">Sedna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sednoid" title="Sednoid">Sednoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/90377_Sedna" class="mw-redirect" title="90377 Sedna">90377 Sedna</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_VP113" title="2012 VP113">2012 VP<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">113</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/541132_Lele%C4%81k%C5%ABhonua" title="541132 Leleākūhonua">541132 Leleākūhonua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐z2b79 Cached time: 20241123164847 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.168 seconds Real time usage: 1.313 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 26817/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 256797/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 32132/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 22/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 160155/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.556/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 10194557/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1121.170 1 -total 29.51% 330.822 78 Template:Rp 27.99% 313.816 78 Template:R/superscript 25.56% 286.523 3 Template:Reflist 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