CINXE.COM

December 1 - Wikipedia

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>December 1 - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"b5072b58-f46c-46aa-9109-0d4e88ab2fb1","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"December_1","wgTitle":"December 1","wgCurRevisionId":1280728629,"wgRevisionId":1280728629,"wgArticleId":8357,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)","CS1 maint: untitled periodical","CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)","CS1 uses Russian-language script (ru)","CS1 Icelandic-language sources (is)","CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)","CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)","CS1 Croatian-language sources (hr)","Wikipedia pending changes protected pages","Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Commons link from Wikidata","Days of December"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"December_1","wgRelevantArticleId":8357,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgStableRevisionId":1280728629,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2297","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.20"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="December 1 - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_1"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_1"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-December_1 rootpage-December_1 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=December+1" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=December+1" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=December+1" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=December+1" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-1600" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-1600"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pre-1600</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-1600-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1601–1900" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1601–1900"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1601–1900</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1601–1900-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1901–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1901–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1901–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1901–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Births-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Births subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-1600_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-1600_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pre-1600</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-1600_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1601–1900_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1601–1900_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>1601–1900</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1601–1900_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1901–present_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1901–present_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>1901–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1901–present_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Deaths subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-1600_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-1600_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Pre-1600</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-1600_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1601–1900_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1601–1900_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>1601–1900</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1601–1900_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1901–present_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1901–present_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>1901–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1901–present_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holidays_and_observances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holidays_and_observances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Holidays and observances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holidays_and_observances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">December 1</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 197 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-197" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">197 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Desember" title="1 Desember – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1 Desember" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._Dezember" title="1. Dezember – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1. Dezember" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D2%A5%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%A5_1_%D0%BA%D3%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Јаҥар айдыҥ 1 кӱни – Southern Altai" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Јаҥар айдыҥ 1 кӱни" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Southern Altai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_December" title="1 December – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1 December" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juovl%C3%A2m%C3%A1%C3%A1nu_1." title="Juovlâmáánu 1. – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Juovlâmáánu 1." data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%A4%D1%85%D1%8B%D0%BD%D2%B7%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B7%D0%B0_1" title="Ԥхынҷкәынмза 1 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ԥхынҷкәынмза 1" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="1 ديسمبر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1 ديسمبر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_d%27aviento" title="1 d&#039;aviento – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1 d&#039;aviento" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%D4%B4%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80" title="1 Դեկտեմբեր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1 Դեկտեմբեր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%C3%A9r_de_d%C3%A8cembro" title="1ér de dècembro – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1ér de dècembro" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%B0" title="১ ডিচেম্বৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="১ ডিচেম্বৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_d%27avientu" title="1 d&#039;avientu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1 d&#039;avientu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_jasypak%C3%B5i" title="1 jasypakõi – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="1 jasypakõi" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe&#039;ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80" title="1 Декабр – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="1 Декабр" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_dekabr" title="1 dekabr – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1 dekabr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1_%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="۱ دسامبر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱ دسامبر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_D%C3%A9s%C3%A9mber" title="1 Désémber – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1 Désémber" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0" title="১ ডিসেম্বর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১ ডিসেম্বর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Disimbir" title="1 Disimbir – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="1 Disimbir" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_goe%CC%8Dh_1_ji%CC%8Dt" title="12 goe̍h 1 ji̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="12 goe̍h 1 ji̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Desember" title="1 Desember – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1 Desember" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C" title="1 декабрь – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1 декабрь" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="1 снежня – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1 снежня" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="1 сьнежня – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1 сьнежня" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0" title="1 दिसंबर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="1 दिसंबर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desyembre_1" title="Desyembre 1 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Desyembre 1" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8" title="1 декември – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1 декември" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9F%E0%BE%B3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%A1%E0%BC%A2%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%A1%E0%BD%89%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B" title="ཟླ་༡༢ཚེས་༡ཉིན་ – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཟླ་༡༢ཚེས་༡ཉིན་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._decembar" title="1. decembar – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1. decembar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Kerzu" title="1 Kerzu – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1 Kerzu" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_de_desembre" title="1 de desembre – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1 de desembre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2,_1" title="Раштав, 1 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Раштав, 1" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disyembre_1" title="Disyembre 1 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Disyembre 1" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._prosinec" title="1. prosinec – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1. prosinec" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvita_1" title="Zvita 1 – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Zvita 1" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_di_dicembre" title="1 di dicembre – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="1 di dicembre" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Rhagfyr" title="1 Rhagfyr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1 Rhagfyr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._december" title="1. december – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1. december" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%D8%AF%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="1 دجنبر – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1 دجنبر" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juovlam%C3%A1nu_1." title="Juovlamánu 1. – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Juovlamánu 1." data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._Dezember" title="1. Dezember – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1. Dezember" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%90%DE%AC%DE%89%DE%B0%DE%84%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA_1" title="ޑިސެމްބަރު 1 – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޑިސެމްބަރު 1" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._detsember" title="1. detsember – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1. detsember" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%CE%94%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="1 Δεκεμβρίου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1 Δεκεμβρίου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_ed_dis%C3%A8mber" title="1 ed disèmber – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1 ed disèmber" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_1_%D1%87%D0%B8" title="Ацамковонь 1 чи – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ацамковонь 1 чи" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_de_diciembre" title="1 de diciembre – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1 de diciembre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-a_de_decembro" title="1-a de decembro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1-a de decembro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_diziembri" title="1 diziembri – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="1 diziembri" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abenduaren_1" title="Abenduaren 1 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Abenduaren 1" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1_%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="۱ دسامبر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱ دسامبر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_December" title="1 December – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1 December" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._desember" title="1. desember – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1. desember" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1er_d%C3%A9cembre" title="1er décembre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1er décembre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_desimber" title="1 desimber – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1 desimber" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%E2%81%BF_di_Dicembar" title="1ⁿ di Dicembar – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1ⁿ di Dicembar" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Nollaig" title="1 Nollaig – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1 Nollaig" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Mee_ny_Nollick" title="1 Mee ny Nollick – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1 Mee ny Nollick" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_K%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_ay" title="1 Kırım ay – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="1 Kırım ay" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_an_D%C3%B9bhlachd" title="1 an Dùbhlachd – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1 an Dùbhlachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_de_decembro" title="1 de decembro – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1 de decembro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B0%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_1" title="ОагӀой 1 – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ОагӀой 1" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E6%9C%881%E8%99%9F" title="12月1號 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="12月1號" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%B0_%E0%AB%A7" title="ડિસેમ્બર ૧ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ડિસેમ્બર ૧" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-ngie%CC%8Dt_1-ngit" title="12-ngie̍t 1-ngit – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="12-ngie̍t 1-ngit" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_1" title="Бар сарин 1 – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Бар сарин 1" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%EC%9B%94_1%EC%9D%BC" title="12월 1일 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="12월 1일" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_1" title="Դեկտեմբերի 1 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դեկտեմբերի 1" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0" title="१ दिसम्बर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१ दिसम्बर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._decembra" title="1. decembra – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1. decembra" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._prosinca" title="1. prosinca – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1. prosinca" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Desember" title="1 Desember – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="1 Desember" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1ma_di_decembro" title="1ma di decembro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1ma di decembro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96nwa_iri_na_ab%E1%BB%A5%E1%BB%8D_1" title="Önwa iri na abụọ 1 – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Önwa iri na abụọ 1" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disiembre_1" title="Disiembre 1 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Disiembre 1" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A7%A7" title="ডিসেম্বর ১ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ডিসেম্বর ১" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Desember" title="1 Desember – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1 Desember" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_de_decembre" title="1 de decembre – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1 de decembre" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_decembre" title="1 decembre – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="1 decembre" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B" title="1 декабры – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1 декабры" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._desember" title="1. desember – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1. desember" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%C2%BA_dicembre" title="1º dicembre – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1º dicembre" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%D7%91%D7%93%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A8" title="1 בדצמבר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1 בדצמבר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Dh%C3%A9s%C3%A8mber" title="1 Dhésèmber – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1 Dhésèmber" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B3%A7" title="ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ ೧ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ ೧" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disiembri_1" title="Disiembri 1 – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Disiembri 1" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="1 დეკემბერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1 დეკემბერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8E%D8%B3%D9%8E%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8E%D8%B1_1" title="دَسَمبَر 1 – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="دَسَمبَر 1" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_g%C3%B2dnika" title="1 gòdnika – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1 gòdnika" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%9B%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="1 желтоқсан – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1 желтоқсан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Desemba" title="1 Desemba – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1 Desemba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A6%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D1%82%D3%A7%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8C_1-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ӧшым тӧлысь 1-ӧд лун – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ӧшым тӧлысь 1-ӧд лун" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-e_ke_santoleaksat" title="1-e ke santoleaksat – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1-e ke santoleaksat" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1e_desanm" title="1e desanm – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1e desanm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%C3%AA_kan%C3%BBna_p%C3%AA%C5%9F%C3%AEn" title="1ê kanûna pêşîn – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1ê kanûna pêşîn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2" title="1 ທັນວາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="1 ທັນວາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Decembris" title="1 Decembris – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1 Decembris" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._decembris" title="1. decembris – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1. decembris" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._Dezember" title="1. Dezember – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1. Dezember" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruod%C5%BEio_1" title="Gruodžio 1 – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gruodžio 1" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%C2%BA_dex%C3%A9nbre" title="1º dexénbre – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1º dexénbre" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_december" title="1 december – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1 december" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._talvikuudu" title="1. talvikuudu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1. talvikuudu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/01_12" title="01 12 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="01 12" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_1." title="December 1. – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="December 1." data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0" title="१ दिसम्बर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१ दिसम्बर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8" title="1 декември – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1 декември" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Desambra" title="1 Desambra – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1 Desambra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC_1" title="ഡിസംബർ 1 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡിസംബർ 1" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A5%A7" title="डिसेंबर १ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डिसेंबर १" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%97%E1%83%90" title="1 ქირსეთუთა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1 ქირსეთუთა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="1 ديسمبر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1 ديسمبر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1_%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="۱ دسامبر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱ دسامبر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Disember" title="1 Disember – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1 Disember" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_ngu%C5%8Fk_1_h%C3%B4%CC%A4" title="12 nguŏk 1 hô̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="12 nguŏk 1 hô̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_1" title="12 сарын 1 – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="12 сарын 1" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81_%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%87%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC" title="၁ ဒီဇင်ဘာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁ ဒီဇင်ဘာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_metztli_diciembre" title="1 metztli diciembre – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1 metztli diciembre" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_december" title="1 december – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1 december" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_december" title="1 december – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1 december" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A5%A7" title="डिसेम्बर १ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="डिसेम्बर १" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E6%9C%881%E6%97%A5" title="12月1日 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="12月1日" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%27e_dicembre" title="1 &#039;e dicembre – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1 &#039;e dicembre" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C" title="1 декабрь – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1 декабрь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._Deetsember" title="1. Deetsember – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1. Deetsember" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._desember" title="1. desember – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1. desember" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._desember" title="1. desember – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1. desember" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_D%C3%A9zembre" title="1 Dézembre – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1 Dézembre" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1r_de_decembre" title="1r de decembre – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1r de decembre" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="1 теле – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1 теле" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7_%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%B0" title="୧ ଡିସେମ୍ବର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧ ଡିସେମ୍ବର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-dekabr" title="1-dekabr – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1-dekabr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0" title="1 ਦਸੰਬਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1 ਦਸੰਬਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disyembre_1" title="Disyembre 1 – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Disyembre 1" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="1 دسمبر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1 دسمبر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_di_des%C3%A8mber" title="1 di desèmber – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="1 di desèmber" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1_%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="۱ ډيسمبر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="۱ ډيسمبر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._Dezember" title="1. Dezember – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1. Dezember" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_grudnia" title="1 grudnia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1 grudnia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_de_dezembro" title="1 de dezembro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1 de dezembro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-dekabr" title="1-dekabr – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1-dekabr" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_decembrie" title="1 decembrie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1 decembrie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%C3%B1iqin_qhapaq_raymi_killapi" title="1 ñiqin qhapaq raymi killapi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1 ñiqin qhapaq raymi killapi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="1. децембер – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1. децембер" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F" title="1 декабря – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1 декабря" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8B_1" title="Ахсынньы 1 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ахсынньы 1" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0" title="१ दिसम्बर – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१ दिसम्बर" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_December" title="1 December – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="1 December" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._Dezember" title="1. Dezember – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1. Dezember" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manthole_1" title="Manthole 1 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Manthole 1" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_dhjetor" title="1 dhjetor – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1 dhjetor" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%C2%BA_di_dic%C3%A8mmiru" title="1º di dicèmmiru – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1º di dicèmmiru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A_1" title="දෙසැම්බර් 1 – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දෙසැම්බර් 1" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_1" title="December 1 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="December 1" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%DA%8A%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="1 ڊسمبر – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1 ڊسمبر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%C3%ADNgong%C3%B3ni" title="1 íNgongóni – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="1 íNgongóni" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._december" title="1. december – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1. december" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._december" title="1. december – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1. december" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_grud%C5%84a" title="1 grudńa – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1 grudńa" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%85" title="١ی کانوونی یەکەم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١ی کانوونی یەکەم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1. децембар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1. децембар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._12." title="1. 12. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1. 12." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_D%C3%A9s%C3%A9mber" title="1 Désémber – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1 Désémber" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._joulukuuta" title="1. joulukuuta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1. joulukuuta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_december" title="1 december – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1 december" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disyembre_1" title="Disyembre 1 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Disyembre 1" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_1" title="திசம்பர் 1 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திசம்பர் 1" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_du%C7%A7ember" title="1 duǧember – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="1 duǧember" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C" title="1 декабрь – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1 декабрь" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%82%85%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%95%E1%82%83%E1%82%87_1" title="တီႇသႅမ်ႇပႃႇ 1 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="တီႇသႅမ်ႇပႃႇ 1" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_1" title="డిసెంబర్ 1 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="డిసెంబర్ 1" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1" title="1 ธันวาคม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="1 ธันวาคม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80" title="1 декабр – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="1 декабр" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Aral%C4%B1k" title="1 Aralık – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1 Aralık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_dekabr" title="1 dekabr – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1 dekabr" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80" title="1 толсур – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="1 толсур" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="1 грудня – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1 грудня" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="1 دسمبر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1 دسمبر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_nyied_1_hauh" title="12 nyied 1 hauh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="12 nyied 1 hauh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%C2%B0_de_disenbre" title="1° de disenbre – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1° de disenbre" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_th%C3%A1ng_12" title="1 tháng 12 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1 tháng 12" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekul_1" title="Dekul 1 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Dekul 1" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1._joulukuu_p%C3%A4iv" title="1. joulukuu päiv – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1. joulukuu päiv" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%C3%AE_d%27_decimbe" title="1î d&#039; decimbe – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1î d&#039; decimbe" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%9B%86%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%88%E4%B8%80%E6%97%A5" title="公曆十二月一日 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="公曆十二月一日" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_december" title="1 december – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1 december" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disyembre_1" title="Disyembre 1 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Disyembre 1" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E6%9C%881%E5%8F%B7" title="12月1号 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="12月1号" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%D7%98%D7%9F_%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="1טן דעצעמבער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1טן דעצעמבער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_December" title="1 December – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="1 December" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E6%9C%881%E8%99%9F" title="12月1號 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="12月1號" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Kanun" title="1 Kanun – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1 Kanun" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_december" title="1 december – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1 december" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groud%C4%97_1" title="Groudė 1 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Groudė 1" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E6%9C%881%E6%97%A5" title="12月1日 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="12月1日" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Dekabr" title="1 Dekabr – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1 Dekabr" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8A%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%94" title="1 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="1 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2297#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:December_1" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/December_1"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/December_1"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/December_1" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/December_1" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;oldid=1280728629" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&amp;page=December_1&amp;id=1280728629&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDecember_1"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDecember_1"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=December_1&amp;action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/December_1" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:December_1" hreflang="en"><span>Wikinews</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/December_1" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2297" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-indicator-fr-review-status" class="mw-indicator"><indicator name="fr-review-status" class="mw-fr-review-status-indicator" id="mw-fr-revision-toggle"><span class="cdx-fr-css-icon-review--status--stable"></span><b>Checked</b></indicator></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-autoreview" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#pending" title="All edits by unregistered and new users are subject to review prior to becoming visible to unregistered users"><img alt="Page protected with pending changes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Pending-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Pending-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Pending-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Pending-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Pending-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Pending-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div id="mw-fr-revision-messages"><div id="mw-fr-revision-details" class="mw-fr-revision-details-dialog" style="display:none;"><div tabindex="0"></div><div class="cdx-dialog cdx-dialog--horizontal-actions"><header class="cdx-dialog__header cdx-dialog__header--default"><div class="cdx-dialog__header__title-group"><h2 class="cdx-dialog__header__title">Page version status</h2><p class="cdx-dialog__header__subtitle">This is an accepted version of this page</p></div><button class="cdx-button cdx-button--action-default cdx-button--weight-quiet&#10;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;cdx-button--size-medium cdx-button--icon-only cdx-dialog__header__close-button" aria-label="Close" onclick="document.getElementById(&quot;mw-fr-revision-details&quot;).style.display = &quot;none&quot;;" type="submit"><span class="cdx-icon cdx-icon--medium&#10;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;cdx-fr-css-icon--close"></span></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">latest accepted revision</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&amp;type=review&amp;page=December_1">reviewed</a> on <i>16 March 2025</i>.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256396092">.mw-parser-output .calendar-purple{color:var(--color-base,#202122);background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .calendar-lightpurple{color:var(--color-base,#202122);background-color:#d8e0ff}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .calendar-purple{background-color:#2a2a5c}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .calendar-lightpurple{background-color:#202040}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .calendar-purple{background-color:#2a2a5c}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .calendar-lightpurple{background-color:#202040}}</style> </p> <table class="toccolours floatright" style="text-align:center;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr class="calendar-purple" style=""> <td><a href="/wiki/November" title="November">&lt;&lt;</a> </td> <th colspan="5" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/December" title="December">December</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/January" title="January">&gt;&gt;</a> </td></tr> <tr class="calendar-purple" style="border: none;"> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Sunday">Su </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Monday">Mo </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Tuesday">Tu </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Wednesday">We </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Thursday">Th </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Friday">Fr </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Saturday">Sa </th></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>1</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>2</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>3</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_4" title="December 4"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>4</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>5</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>6</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>7</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>8</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>9</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">10</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">11</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">12</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">13</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">14</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">15</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">16</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">17</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">18</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">19</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">20</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">21</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">22</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">23</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">24</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">25</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">26</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">27</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">28</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_29" title="December 29">29</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">30</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">31</a> </td> <td colspan="3">&#160; </td></tr> <tr class="calendar-purple" style=""> <td colspan="7"><b><a href="/wiki/2025" title="2025">2025</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334533">.mw-parser-output .datetableheader{background-color:#eaecf0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .datetableheader{background-color:#363636;color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .datetableheader{background-color:#363636;color:white}}</style> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:right; margin-left:1em; text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr class="datetableheader"> <td><b>December 1 in recent years</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;&#160;<a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/2024_December_1" title="Portal:Current events/2024 December 1">2024 (Sunday)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;&#160;<a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/2023_December_1" title="Portal:Current events/2023 December 1">2023 (Friday)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;&#160;<a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/2022_December_1" title="Portal:Current events/2022 December 1">2022 (Thursday)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;&#160;<a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/2021_December_1" title="Portal:Current events/2021 December 1">2021 (Wednesday)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;&#160;<a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/2020_December_1" title="Portal:Current events/2020 December 1">2020 (Tuesday)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;&#160;<a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/2019_December_1" title="Portal:Current events/2019 December 1">2019 (Sunday)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;&#160;<a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/2018_December_1" title="Portal:Current events/2018 December 1">2018 (Saturday)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;&#160;<a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/2017_December_1" title="Portal:Current events/2017 December 1">2017 (Friday)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;&#160;<a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/2016_December_1" title="Portal:Current events/2016 December 1">2016 (Thursday)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;&#160;<a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events/2015_December_1" title="Portal:Current events/2015 December 1">2015 (Tuesday)</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Day of the year</div><p><b>December 1</b> is the 335th day of the year&#32;(336th in <a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">leap years</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>&#59;&#32; 30 days remain until the end of the year. </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-1600">Pre-1600</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-1600"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/800" title="800">800</a> &#8211; A council is convened in the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Vatican</a>, at which <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> is to judge the accusations against <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Pope Leo III</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1420" title="1420">1420</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" title="Henry V of England">Henry V of England</a> enters <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> alongside his father-in-law King <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France" title="Charles VI of France">Charles VI of France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1577" title="1577">1577</a> &#8211; Courtiers <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hatton" title="Christopher Hatton">Christopher Hatton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Heneage" title="Thomas Heneage">Thomas Heneage</a> are <a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">knighted</a> by Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1601–1900"><span id="1601.E2.80.931900"></span>1601–1900</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: 1601–1900"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a> &#8211; End of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">Iberian Union</a>: Portugal acclaims as King <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_IV_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="João IV of Portugal">João IV of Portugal</a>, ending 59 years of <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> of the crowns of Portugal and Spain and the end of the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Dynasty">Philippine Dynasty</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a> &#8211; Diarist <a href="/wiki/John_Evelyn" title="John Evelyn">John Evelyn</a> records skating on the frozen lake in <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Park" title="St James&#39;s Park">St James's Park</a>, London, watched by <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Braganza" title="Catherine of Braganza">Queen Catherine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1768" title="1768">1768</a> &#8211; The former <a href="/wiki/Slave_ship" title="Slave ship">slave ship</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Fredensborg_(slave_ship)" title="Fredensborg (slave ship)">Fredensborg</a></i> sinks off <a href="/wiki/Trom%C3%B8ya" title="Tromøya">Tromøya</a> in Norway.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1821" title="1821">1821</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_de_C%C3%A1ceres" title="José Núñez de Cáceres">José Núñez de Cáceres</a> wins the independence of the Dominican Republic from Spain and names the new territory the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Spanish_Haiti" title="Republic of Spanish Haiti">Republic of Spanish Haiti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1822" title="1822">1822</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Pedro_I_of_Brazil" title="Pedro I of Brazil">Pedro I</a> is crowned <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor of Brazil">Emperor of Brazil</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1824" title="1824">1824</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">United States presidential election</a>: Since no candidate received a majority of the total <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">electoral college</a> votes in the election, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> is given the task of deciding the winner in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1828" title="1828">1828</a> &#8211; Argentine general <a href="/wiki/Juan_Lavalle" title="Juan Lavalle">Juan Lavalle</a> makes a coup against governor <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Dorrego" title="Manuel Dorrego">Manuel Dorrego</a>, beginning the <a href="/wiki/Decembrist_revolution_(Argentina)" title="Decembrist revolution (Argentina)">Decembrist revolution</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1834" title="1834">1834</a> &#8211; Slavery is abolished in the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Slavery_Abolition_Act_1833" title="Slavery Abolition Act 1833">Slavery Abolition Act 1833</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>: In his second <a href="/wiki/1862_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1862 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address</a>, President <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> reaffirms the necessity of ending slavery as ordered ten weeks earlier in the <a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Shaw_University" title="Shaw University">Shaw University</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Historically_black_university" class="mw-redirect" title="Historically black university">historically black university</a> in the southern United States, is founded in <a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, North Carolina</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a> &#8211; President <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Rutherford B. Hayes</a> gets the first telephone installed in the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a> &#8211; Nicaragua sells canal rights to U.S. for $5 million. The canal agreement fails in March 1901. Great Britain rejects amended treaty<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1901–present"><span id="1901.E2.80.93present"></span>1901–present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: 1901–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a> &#8211; The <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires_Underground" title="Buenos Aires Underground">Buenos Aires Metro</a>, the first underground railway system in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a> and in Latin America, begins operation.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1913 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, having obtained <a href="/wiki/Self_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Self rule">self rule</a> from <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> after the <a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a>, is annexed by Greece.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a> <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Transylvania_with_Romania" title="Union of Transylvania with Romania">unites</a> with <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a>, following the incorporation of <a href="/wiki/Bessarabia" title="Bessarabia">Bessarabia</a> (<a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">March 27</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Bukovina" title="Bukovina">Bukovina</a> (<a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a>) and thus concluding the <a href="/wiki/Great_Union" title="Great Union">Great Union</a>.</li> <li>1918 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iceland" title="Kingdom of Iceland">Iceland</a> becomes a <a href="/wiki/Danish%E2%80%93Icelandic_Act_of_Union" title="Danish–Icelandic Act of Union">sovereign state</a>, yet remains a part of the Danish kingdom.</li> <li>1918 &#8211; The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a>) is proclaimed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Astor" class="mw-redirect" title="Nancy Astor">Lady Astor</a> becomes the first female <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> (MP) to take her seat in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons of the United Kingdom</a>. (She had been elected to that position on November 28.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a> &#8211; The <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a>'s first United States–based franchise, the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Bruins" title="Boston Bruins">Boston Bruins</a>, plays their first game in league play at home, at the still-extant <a href="/wiki/Matthews_Arena" title="Matthews Arena">Boston Arena</a> indoor hockey facility.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1924 &#8211; A Soviet-backed communist <a href="/wiki/1924_Estonian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1924 Estonian coup d&#39;état attempt">1924 Estonian coup d'état attempt</a> fails in <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Kirov" title="Sergei Kirov">Sergei Kirov</a> is <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Sergei_Kirov" class="mw-redirect" title="Assassination of Sergei Kirov">assassinated</a>, paving way for the repressive <a href="/wiki/Great_Purge" title="Great Purge">Great Purge</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vinnytsia_massacre" title="Vinnytsia massacre">Vinnytsia massacre</a> by <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>: A day after the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a> in <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cajander_III_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Cajander III Cabinet">Cajander III Cabinet</a> resigns and is replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Ryti_I_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryti I Cabinet">Ryti I Cabinet</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Finland" title="Parliament of Finland">Finnish Parliament</a> move from <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kauhajoki" title="Kauhajoki">Kauhajoki</a> to escape the <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Helsinki_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Helsinki in World War II">Soviet airstrikes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1939 &#8211; The Soviet Union establishes the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Democratic_Republic" title="Finnish Democratic Republic">Finnish Democratic Republic</a> puppet state in <a href="/wiki/Zelenogorsk,_Saint_Petersburg" title="Zelenogorsk, Saint Petersburg">Terijoki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a> &#8211; World War II: Emperor <a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Hirohito</a> of Japan gives his tacit approval to the decision of the imperial council to initiate war against the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1941 &#8211; World War II: <a href="/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">Fiorello La Guardia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a> and Director of the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Civilian_Defense" title="Office of Civilian Defense">Office of Civilian Defense</a>, signs <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Administrative_Order_9" class="extiw" title="s:Administrative Order 9">Administrative Order 9</a>, creating the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Air_Patrol" title="Civil Air Patrol">Civil Air Patrol</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a> &#8211; The <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a></i> reports the news of <a href="/wiki/Christine_Jorgensen" title="Christine Jorgensen">Christine Jorgensen</a>, the first notable case of <a href="/wiki/Gender-affirming_surgery" title="Gender-affirming surgery">sex reassignment surgery</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">American Civil Rights Movement</a>: In <a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery, Alabama</a>, seamstress <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a> refuses to give up her bus seat to a white man and is arrested for violating the city's <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial segregation</a> laws, an incident which leads to that city's <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_bus_boycott" title="Montgomery bus boycott">bus boycott</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a> &#8211; The <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a> attains self-rule within the <a href="/wiki/French_Union" title="French Union">French Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1958 &#8211; The <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Angels_School_fire" title="Our Lady of the Angels School fire">Our Lady of the Angels School fire</a> in Chicago kills 92 children and three nuns.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>: Opening date for signature of the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty_System" title="Antarctic Treaty System">Antarctic Treaty</a>, which sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and bans military activity on the continent.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba">Patrice Lumumba</a> is arrested by <a href="/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko">Mobutu Sese Seko</a>'s men on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Sankuru_River" title="Sankuru River">Sankuru River</a>, for inciting the army to rebellion.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a>, became the 16th state of India.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>: U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> and his top-ranking advisers meet to discuss plans to bomb <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a> &#8211; Vietnam War: The first <a href="/wiki/Draft_lottery_(1969)" class="mw-redirect" title="Draft lottery (1969)">draft lottery</a> in the United States is held since <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">Cambodian Civil War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a> rebels intensify assaults on <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodian</a> government positions, forcing their retreat from Kompong Thmar and nearby Ba Ray.</li> <li>1971 &#8211; Purge of <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Spring" title="Croatian Spring">Croatian Spring</a> leaders starts in <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> at the meeting of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">League of Communists</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evo_estate" title="Karađorđevo estate">Karađorđevo estate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> gains self-government from Australia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/TWA_Flight_514" title="TWA Flight 514">TWA Flight 514</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_727" title="Boeing 727">Boeing 727</a>, crashes northwest of <a href="/wiki/Dulles_International_Airport" title="Dulles International Airport">Dulles International Airport</a>, killing all 92 people on board.</li> <li>1974 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Orient_Airlines_Flight_6231" title="Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 6231">Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 6231</a>, another Boeing 727, crashes northwest of <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Inex-Adria_Aviopromet_Flight_1308" title="Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 1308">Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 1308</a>, a <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">McDonnell Douglas MD-80</a>, crashes in <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a>, killing all 180 people on board.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> conducts the <a href="/wiki/Controlled_Impact_Demonstration" title="Controlled Impact Demonstration">Controlled Impact Demonstration</a>, wherein an airliner is deliberately crashed in order to test technologies and gather data to help improve survivability of crashes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/World_AIDS_Day" title="World AIDS Day">World AIDS Day</a> is proclaimed worldwide by the <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">UN member states</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hewitt_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hewitt-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1988 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a>, is named as the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister of Pakistan</a>, becoming the first female leader to lead a Muslim nation.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/1989_Philippine_coup_attempt" title="1989 Philippine coup attempt">Philippine coup attempt</a>: The right-wing military rebel <a href="/wiki/Reform_the_Armed_Forces_Movement" title="Reform the Armed Forces Movement">Reform the Armed Forces Movement</a> attempts to oust <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">Philippine President</a> <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> in a failed bloody <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d&#39;état">coup d'état</a>.</li> <li>1989 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>: <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a>'s parliament abolishes the constitutional provision granting the Communist Party the leading role in the state.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Channel_Tunnel" title="Channel Tunnel">Channel Tunnel</a> sections started from the United Kingdom and France meet beneath the seabed.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> &#8211; Cold War: <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukrainian</a> voters overwhelmingly approve a <a href="/wiki/1991_Ukrainian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Ukrainian independence referendum">referendum for independence</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a> &#8211; In the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ranvir_Sena" title="Ranvir Sena">Ranvir Sena</a> attacks the <a href="/wiki/Central_Organising_Committee,_Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)_Party_Unity" title="Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Party Unity">CPI (ML) Party Unity</a> stronghold Lakshmanpur-Bathe, killing 63 lower caste people.</li> <li>1997 &#8211; Fourteen-year-old Michael Carneal <a href="/wiki/1997_Heath_High_School_shooting" title="1997 Heath High School shooting">opens fire</a> at a group of students in Heath High School in <a href="/wiki/West_Paducah,_Kentucky" title="West Paducah, Kentucky">West Paducah, Kentucky</a>, killing three and injuring five.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Fox" title="Vicente Fox">Vicente Fox Quesada</a> is inaugurated as the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Mexico" title="President of Mexico">president of Mexico</a>, marking the first peaceful transfer of executive federal power to an opposing political party following a free and democratic election in Mexico's history.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a> &#8211; The <a href="/wiki/United_Russia" title="United Russia">United Russia</a> political party was founded.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a> &#8211; As a result of the merger of the <a href="/wiki/Perm_Oblast" title="Perm Oblast">Perm Oblast</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Komi-Permyak_Autonomous_Okrug" title="Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug">Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug</a>, a new <a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">subject</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian Federation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Perm_Krai" title="Perm Krai">Perm Krai</a>, was created.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a> &#8211; The <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_South_Africa" title="Same-sex marriage in South Africa">law on same-sex marriage</a> comes into force in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, legalizing same-sex marriage for the first time on the <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">African continent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a> &#8211; The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a> entered into force in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a> &#8211; The <a href="/wiki/Almaty_Metro" title="Almaty Metro">Alma-Ata Metro</a> was opened.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a> &#8211; The Oulu Police informed the public about the first offence of the <a href="/wiki/Oulu_child_sexual_exploitation_scandal" title="Oulu child sexual exploitation scandal">much larger child sexual exploitation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Arsenal_Women_11%E2%80%931_Bristol_City_Women" title="Arsenal Women 11–1 Bristol City Women">Arsenal Women 11–1 Bristol City Women</a> breaks the record for most goals scored in a <a href="/wiki/FA_Women%27s_Super_League" class="mw-redirect" title="FA Women&#39;s Super League">FA Women's Super League</a> match, with <a href="/wiki/Vivianne_Miedema" title="Vivianne Miedema">Vivianne Miedema</a> involved in ten of the eleven Arsenal goals.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>2019 &#8211; The <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">outbreak of coronavirus infection</a> began in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a> &#8211; The <a href="/wiki/Arecibo_Telescope" title="Arecibo Telescope">Arecibo Telescope</a> collapsed.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-1600_2">Pre-1600</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Pre-1600"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/624" title="624">624</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Hasan ibn Ali</a>, the second Shia Imam (d. 670)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-al-islam.org_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-islam.org-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1081" title="1081">1081</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Louis_VI_of_France" title="Louis VI of France">Louis VI</a>, French king (d. 1137)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1083" title="1083">1083</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Anna_Komnene" title="Anna Komnene">Anna Komnene</a>, Byzantine physician and scholar (d. 1153)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1415" title="1415">1415</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Jan_D%C5%82ugosz" title="Jan Długosz">Jan Długosz</a>, Polish historian (d. 1480)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1438" title="1438">1438</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Peter_II,_Duke_of_Bourbon" title="Peter II, Duke of Bourbon">Peter II, Duke of Bourbon</a>, son of Charles I (d. 1503)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1443" title="1443">1443</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Magdalena_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Magdalena of France">Magdalena of France</a>, French princess (d. 1495)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1521" title="1521">1521</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Takeda_Shingen" title="Takeda Shingen">Takeda Shingen</a>, Japanese daimyō (d. 1573)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1525" title="1525">1525</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Tade%C3%A1%C5%A1_H%C3%A1jek" title="Tadeáš Hájek">Tadeáš Hájek</a>, Czech physician and astronomer (d. 1600)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1530" title="1530">1530</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Bernardino_Realino" title="Bernardino Realino">Bernardino Realino</a>, Italian Jesuit (d. 1616)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1561" title="1561">1561</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Hedwig_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel_(1561%E2%80%931631)" title="Sophia Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1561–1631)">Sophie Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a>, Duchess consort of Pomerania-Wolgast (d. 1631)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Nicolas-Claude_Fabri_de_Peiresc" title="Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc">Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc</a>, French astronomer and historian (d. 1637)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1601–1900_2"><span id="1601.E2.80.931900_2"></span>1601–1900</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: 1601–1900"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1690" title="1690">1690</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Philip_Yorke,_1st_Earl_of_Hardwicke" title="Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke">Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke</a>, English lawyer and politician, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor of the United Kingdom</a> (d. 1764)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1709" title="1709">1709</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Franz_Xaver_Richter" title="Franz Xaver Richter">Franz Xaver Richter</a>, Czech composer, violinist, and conductor (d. 1789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1716" title="1716">1716</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Maurice_Falconet" title="Étienne Maurice Falconet">Étienne Maurice Falconet</a>, French sculptor (d. 1791)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1743" title="1743">1743</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth">Martin Heinrich Klaproth</a>, German chemist and academic (d. 1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1761" title="1761">1761</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Marie_Tussaud" title="Marie Tussaud">Marie Tussaud</a>, French-English sculptor, founded <a href="/wiki/Madame_Tussauds" title="Madame Tussauds">Madame Tussauds Wax Museum</a> (d. 1850)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792" title="1792">1792</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Lobachevsky" title="Nikolai Lobachevsky">Nikolai Lobachevsky</a>, Russian mathematician and geometer (d. 1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1800" title="1800">1800</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Mih%C3%A1ly_V%C3%B6r%C3%B6smarty" title="Mihály Vörösmarty">Mihály Vörösmarty</a>, Hungarian poet (d. 1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1805" title="1805">1805</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/9th_Dalai_Lama" title="9th Dalai Lama">9th Dalai Lama</a>, Tibetan Buddhist spiritual leader (d. 1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_of_Denmark" title="Alexandra of Denmark">Alexandra of Denmark</a> (d. 1925)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1846" title="1846">1846</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Ledi_Sayadaw" title="Ledi Sayadaw">Ledi Sayadaw</a>, Burmese monk and philosopher (d. 1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1847" title="1847">1847</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Julia_A._Moore" title="Julia A. Moore">Julia A. Moore</a>, American poet (d. 1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1855" title="1855">1855</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/John_Evans_(Australian_politician)" title="John Evans (Australian politician)">John Evans</a>, English-Australian politician, 21st <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Tasmania" title="Premier of Tasmania">Premier of Tasmania</a> (d. 1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Eligiusz_Niewiadomski" title="Eligiusz Niewiadomski">Eligiusz Niewiadomski</a>, Polish painter and critic (d. 1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Archie_MacLaren" title="Archie MacLaren">Archie MacLaren</a>, English cricketer (d. 1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cadbury" title="Henry Cadbury">Henry Cadbury</a>, American historian, scholar, and academic (d. 1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Karl_Schmidt-Rottluff" title="Karl Schmidt-Rottluff">Karl Schmidt-Rottluff</a>, German painter and etcher (d. 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Rex_Stout" title="Rex Stout">Rex Stout</a>, American detective novelist (d. 1975)</li> <li>1886 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Zhu_De" title="Zhu De">Zhu De</a>, Chinese general and politician, 1st <a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Chairman of the People&#39;s Republic of China">Vice Chairman of the People's Republic of China</a> (d. 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Afr%C3%A2nio_Pomp%C3%ADlio_Gastos_do_Amaral" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrânio Pompílio Gastos do Amaral">Afrânio Pompílio Gastos do Amaral</a>, Brazilian herpetologist (d. 1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Henry_Williamson" title="Henry Williamson">Henry Williamson</a>, English farmer, soldier, and author (d. 1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Georgy_Zhukov" title="Georgy Zhukov">Georgy Zhukov</a>, Russian general and politician, 2nd <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(Soviet_Union)" title="Minister of Defence (Soviet Union)">Minister of Defence for the Soviet Union</a> (d. 1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1898" title="1898">1898</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Garson" title="Stuart Garson">Stuart Garson</a>, Canadian lawyer and politician, 12th <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Manitoba" title="Premier of Manitoba">Premier of Manitoba</a> (d. 1977)</li> <li>1898 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ritchard" title="Cyril Ritchard">Cyril Ritchard</a>, Australian-American actor and singer (d. 1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Karna_Maria_Birmingham" title="Karna Maria Birmingham">Karna Maria Birmingham</a>, Australian artist, illustrator and print maker (d. 1987)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1901–present_2"><span id="1901.E2.80.93present_2"></span>1901–present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: 1901–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Ilona_Feh%C3%A9r" title="Ilona Fehér">Ilona Fehér</a>, Hungarian-Israeli violinist and educator (d. 1988)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Voznesensky" title="Nikolai Voznesensky">Nikolai Voznesensky</a>, Soviet <a href="/wiki/Planned_economy" title="Planned economy">economic planner</a>, member of the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> (d. 1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Alex_Wilson_(Canadian_sprinter)" title="Alex Wilson (Canadian sprinter)">Alex Wilson</a>, Canadian sprinter and coach (d. 1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Alicia_Markova" title="Alicia Markova">Alicia Markova</a>, English ballerina and choreographer (d. 2004)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Walter_Alston" title="Walter Alston">Walter Alston</a>, American baseball player and manager (d. 1984)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1911 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Griffith" title="Calvin Griffith">Calvin Griffith</a>, Canadian-American businessman (d. 1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Billy_Raimondi" title="Billy Raimondi">Billy Raimondi</a>, American baseball player (d. 2010)<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1912 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Minoru_Yamasaki" title="Minoru Yamasaki">Minoru Yamasaki</a>, American architect, designed the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center</a> (d. 1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Mary_Martin" title="Mary Martin">Mary Martin</a>, American actress and singer (d. 1990)<sup id="cite_ref-UPI_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPI-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Wan_Li" title="Wan Li">Wan Li</a>, Chinese educator and politician, 4th <a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of vice premiers of the People&#39;s Republic of China">Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China</a> (d. 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hayward_(tenor)" title="Thomas Hayward (tenor)">Thomas Hayward</a>, American tenor and actor (d. 1995)</li> <li>1917 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Marty_Marion" title="Marty Marion">Marty Marion</a>, American baseball player and manager (d. 2011)<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Peter_Baptist_Tadamaro_Ishigami" title="Peter Baptist Tadamaro Ishigami">Peter Baptist Tadamaro Ishigami</a>, Japanese priest, 1st <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Naha" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Naha">Bishop of Naha</a> (d. 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Vernon_McGarity" title="Vernon McGarity">Vernon McGarity</a>, American sergeant, <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> recipient (d. 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_Bobrov" title="Vsevolod Bobrov">Vsevolod Bobrov</a>, Russian ice hockey player, footballer, and manager (d. 1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Dick_Shawn" title="Dick Shawn">Dick Shawn</a>, American actor (d. 1987)</li> <li>1923 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Stansfield_Turner" title="Stansfield Turner">Stansfield Turner</a>, American admiral and academic, 12th <a href="/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligence" title="Director of Central Intelligence">Director of Central Intelligence</a> (d. 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Masao_Horiba" title="Masao Horiba">Masao Horiba</a>, Japanese businessman, founded <a href="/wiki/Horiba" title="Horiba">Horiba</a> (d. 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Martin Rodbell</a>, American biochemist and endocrinologist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. 1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Mother_Antonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother Antonia">Mother Antonia</a>, American-Mexican nun and activist (d. 2013)<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1926 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Allyn_Ann_McLerie" title="Allyn Ann McLerie">Allyn Ann McLerie</a>, Canadian-American actress, singer, and dancer (d. 2018)<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1926 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Keith_Michell" title="Keith Michell">Keith Michell</a>, Australian actor (d. 2015)</li> <li>1926 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Symonds" title="Robert Symonds">Robert Symonds</a>, American actor (d. 2007)</li> <li>1926 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Colin_Tennant,_3rd_Baron_Glenconner" title="Colin Tennant, 3rd Baron Glenconner">Colin Tennant, 3rd Baron Glenconner</a>, Scottish businessman (d. 2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Micheline_Bernardini" title="Micheline Bernardini">Micheline Bernardini</a>, French dancer and model</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Emily_McLaughlin" title="Emily McLaughlin">Emily McLaughlin</a>, American actress (d. 1991)</li> <li>1928 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Malachi_Throne" title="Malachi Throne">Malachi Throne</a>, American actor (d. 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/David_Doyle_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Doyle (actor)">David Doyle</a>, American actor (d. 1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Marie_Bashir" title="Marie Bashir">Marie Bashir</a>, Australian psychiatrist, academic, and politician, 37th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_South_Wales" title="Governor of New South Wales">Governor of New South Wales</a></li> <li>1930 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Hoffmann" title="Joachim Hoffmann">Joachim Hoffmann</a>, German historian and author (d. 2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Lyons" title="Jimmy Lyons">Jimmy Lyons</a>, American saxophonist (d. 1986)</li> <li>1931 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Jim_Nesbitt" title="Jim Nesbitt">Jim Nesbitt</a>, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2007)</li> <li>1931 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/George_Maxwell_Richards" title="George Maxwell Richards">George Maxwell Richards</a>, Trinidadian politician, 4th <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Trinidad and Tobago">President of Trinidad and Tobago</a> (d. 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Lou_Rawls" title="Lou Rawls">Lou Rawls</a>, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (d. 2006)<sup id="cite_ref-UPI_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPI-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1933 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Violette_Verdy" title="Violette Verdy">Violette Verdy</a>, French ballerina (d. 2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Billy_Paul" title="Billy Paul">Billy Paul</a>, American soul singer (d. 2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Sola_Sierra" title="Sola Sierra">Sola Sierra</a>, Chilean human rights activist (d. 1999)<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Igor_Rodionov" title="Igor Rodionov">Igor Rodionov</a>, Russian general and politician, 3rd <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Russia)">Russian Minister of Defence</a> (d. 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Muriel_Costa-Greenspon" title="Muriel Costa-Greenspon">Muriel Costa-Greenspon</a>, American soprano and actress (d. 2005)</li> <li>1937 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Crosse" title="Gordon Crosse">Gordon Crosse</a>, English composer and academic (d. 2021)</li> <li>1937 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Vaira_V%C4%AB%C4%B7e-Freiberga" title="Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga">Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga</a>, Latvian psychologist and politician, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Latvia" title="President of Latvia">President of Latvia</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Nelson" title="Sandy Nelson">Sandy Nelson</a>, American rock and roll drummer (d. 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Lee_Trevino" title="Lee Trevino">Lee Trevino</a>, American golfer and sportscaster<sup id="cite_ref-AP_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Mike_Denness" title="Mike Denness">Mike Denness</a>, Scottish cricketer and referee (d. 2013)<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1940 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lawson_(engineer)" title="Jerry Lawson (engineer)">Jerry Lawson</a>, American electronic engineer and inventor (d. 2011)</li> <li>1940 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a>, American comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2005)<sup id="cite_ref-UPI_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPI-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1940 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Tasso_Wild" title="Tasso Wild">Tasso Wild</a>, German footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Kamel_Amr" title="Mohamed Kamel Amr">Mohamed Kamel Amr</a>, Egyptian politician, <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Egypt)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Egypt)">Egyptian Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li>1942 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/John_Crowley_(author)" title="John Crowley (author)">John Crowley</a>, American author and academic</li> <li>1942 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Ross_Edwards_(cricketer)" title="Ross Edwards (cricketer)">Ross Edwards</a>, Australian cricketer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Moore_(runner)" title="Kenny Moore (runner)">Kenny Moore</a>, American runner and journalist (d. 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Eric_Bloom" title="Eric Bloom">Eric Bloom</a>, American singer-songwriter and guitarist<sup id="cite_ref-AP_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1944 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/John_Densmore" title="John Densmore">John Densmore</a>, American drummer and songwriter<sup id="cite_ref-AP_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1944 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Hagee" title="Michael Hagee">Michael Hagee</a>, American general</li> <li>1944 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Tahar_Ben_Jelloun" title="Tahar Ben Jelloun">Tahar Ben Jelloun</a>, Moroccan author and poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/%C3%81sta_B._%C3%9Eorsteinsd%C3%B3ttir" title="Ásta B. Þorsteinsdóttir">Ásta B. Þorsteinsdóttir</a>, Icelandic politician<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1945 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Lyle_Bien" title="Lyle Bien">Lyle Bien</a>, American vice admiral in the United States Navy<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1945 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Bette_Midler" title="Bette Midler">Bette Midler</a>, American singer-songwriter, actress and producer<sup id="cite_ref-AP_55-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Katz" title="Jonathan Katz">Jonathan Katz</a>, American comedian and actor</li> <li>1946 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Kemal_Kurspahi%C4%87" title="Kemal Kurspahić">Kemal Kurspahić</a>, Bosnian journalist and author (d. 2021)</li> <li>1946 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_O%27Sullivan" title="Gilbert O&#39;Sullivan">Gilbert O'Sullivan</a>, Irish singer-songwriter and pianist<sup id="cite_ref-AP_55-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Alain_Bashung" title="Alain Bashung">Alain Bashung</a>, French singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2009)</li> <li>1947 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Bob_Fulton" title="Bob Fulton">Bob Fulton</a>, English-Australian rugby league player, coach, and sportscaster (d. 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/George_Foster_(baseball)" title="George Foster (baseball)">George Foster</a>, American baseball player and radio host</li> <li>1948 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Sarfraz_Nawaz" title="Sarfraz Nawaz">Sarfraz Nawaz</a>, Pakistani cricketer and politician</li> <li>1948 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/John_Roskelley" title="John Roskelley">John Roskelley</a>, American mountaineer and author</li> <li>1948 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Neil_Warnock" title="Neil Warnock">Neil Warnock</a>, English footballer and manager</li> <li>1948 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/N._T._Wright" title="N. T. Wright">N. T. Wright</a>, English bishop and scholar</li> <li>1948 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Ibrahim_Yakowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Ibrahim Yakowa">Patrick Ibrahim Yakowa</a>, Nigerian civil servant and politician, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Kaduna_State" title="Governor of Kaduna State">Governor of Kaduna State</a> (d. 2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Jan_Brett" title="Jan Brett">Jan Brett</a>, American author and illustrator</li> <li>1949 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Escobar" title="Pablo Escobar">Pablo Escobar</a>, Colombian drug lord and narcoterrorist (d. 1993)</li> <li>1949 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Pi%C3%B1era" title="Sebastián Piñera">Sebastián Piñera</a>, Chilean businessman and politician, 35th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Chile" title="President of Chile">President of Chile</a> (d. 2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Manju_Bansal" title="Manju Bansal">Manju Bansal</a>, Indian biologist and academic</li> <li>1950 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Ross_Hannaford" title="Ross Hannaford">Ross Hannaford</a>, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2016)</li> <li>1950 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Richard_Keith_(actor)" title="Richard Keith (actor)">Richard Keith</a>, American actor and drummer</li> <li>1950 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Gary_Panter" title="Gary Panter">Gary Panter</a>, American illustrator and painter</li> <li>1950 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Filippos_Petsalnikos" title="Filippos Petsalnikos">Filippos Petsalnikos</a>, Greek lawyer and politician, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice,_Transparency_and_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Justice, Transparency and Human Rights">Greek Minister of Justice</a> (d. 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Panayotov_Aleksandrov" title="Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov">Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov</a>, Bulgarian cosmonaut<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1951 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Obba_Babatund%C3%A9" title="Obba Babatundé">Obba Babatundé</a>, American actor, director, and producer</li> <li>1951 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Doug_Mulray" title="Doug Mulray">Doug Mulray</a>, Australian radio and television host (d. 2023)</li> <li>1951 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Jaco_Pastorius" title="Jaco Pastorius">Jaco Pastorius</a>, American bass player, songwriter, and producer (d. 1987)</li> <li>1951 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Nozipho_Schroeder" title="Nozipho Schroeder">Nozipho Schroeder</a>, South African lawn bowler<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1951 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Treat_Williams" title="Treat Williams">Treat Williams</a>, American actor (d. 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-AP_55-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Poliakoff" title="Stephen Poliakoff">Stephen Poliakoff</a>, English director, producer, and playwright</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Alan_Dedicoat" title="Alan Dedicoat">Alan Dedicoat</a>, English journalist</li> <li>1954 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Judith_Hackitt" title="Judith Hackitt">Judith Hackitt</a>, English chemist and engineer</li> <li>1954 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Van_der_Elst" title="François Van der Elst">François Van der Elst</a>, Belgian footballer (d. 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Veikko_Aaltonen" title="Veikko Aaltonen">Veikko Aaltonen</a>, Finnish actor, director, and screenwriter</li> <li>1955 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Ver%C3%B3nica_Forqu%C3%A9" title="Verónica Forqué">Verónica Forqué</a>, Spanish actress (d. 2021)</li> <li>1955 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Udit_Narayan" title="Udit Narayan">Udit Narayan</a>, Indian playback singer</li> <li>1955 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Pat_Spillane" title="Pat Spillane">Pat Spillane</a>, Irish footballer and sportscaster</li> <li>1955 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Karen_Tumulty" title="Karen Tumulty">Karen Tumulty</a>, American journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Julee_Cruise" title="Julee Cruise">Julee Cruise</a>, American singer-songwriter, musician, and actress (d. 2022)<sup id="cite_ref-Genzlinger_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genzlinger-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Chris_Poland" title="Chris Poland">Chris Poland</a>, American guitarist and songwriter</li> <li>1957 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Deep_Roy" title="Deep Roy">Deep Roy</a>, Kenyan-British actor<sup id="cite_ref-UPI_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPI-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1957 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Vesta_Williams" title="Vesta Williams">Vesta Williams</a>, American singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Javier_Aguirre" title="Javier Aguirre">Javier Aguirre</a>, Mexican footballer and manager</li> <li>1958 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Candace_Bushnell" title="Candace Bushnell">Candace Bushnell</a>, American journalist and author</li> <li>1958 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Cova" title="Alberto Cova">Alberto Cova</a>, Italian runner</li> <li>1958 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Gary_Peters_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gary Peters (politician)">Gary Peters</a>, American politician</li> <li>1958 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Charlene_Tilton" title="Charlene Tilton">Charlene Tilton</a>, American actress and singer<sup id="cite_ref-AP_55-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Billy_Childish" title="Billy Childish">Billy Childish</a>, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and painter</li> <li>1959 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Wally_Lewis" title="Wally Lewis">Wally Lewis</a>, Australian rugby league player, coach, and sportscaster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Carol_Alt" title="Carol Alt">Carol Alt</a>, American model and actress<sup id="cite_ref-AP_55-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1960 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Shirin_M._Rai" title="Shirin M. Rai">Shirin M. Rai</a>, Indian-English political scientist and academic</li> <li>1960 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Jane_Turner" title="Jane Turner">Jane Turner</a>, Australian actress and producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Safra_Catz" title="Safra Catz">Safra Catz</a>, Israeli-American businesswoman and boss of Oracle<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1961 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Raymond_E._Goldstein" title="Raymond E. Goldstein">Raymond E. Goldstein</a>, American biophysicist and academic</li> <li>1961 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Northam" title="Jeremy Northam">Jeremy Northam</a>, English actor<sup id="cite_ref-AP_55-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Sylvie_Daigle" title="Sylvie Daigle">Sylvie Daigle</a>, Canadian speed skater</li> <li>1962 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Pamela_McGee" title="Pamela McGee">Pamela McGee</a>, American basketball player and coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Marco_Greco" title="Marco Greco">Marco Greco</a>, Brazilian race car driver</li> <li>1963 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Lambert" title="Nathalie Lambert">Nathalie Lambert</a>, Canadian speed skater</li> <li>1963 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Arjuna_Ranatunga" title="Arjuna Ranatunga">Arjuna Ranatunga</a>, Sri Lankan cricketer and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Schillaci" title="Salvatore Schillaci">Salvatore Schillaci</a>, Italian footballer (d. 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1964 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Jo_Walton" title="Jo Walton">Jo Walton</a>, Welsh-Canadian author and poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Henry_Honiball" title="Henry Honiball">Henry Honiball</a>, South African rugby player</li> <li>1965 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Magnifico_(musician)" title="Magnifico (musician)">Magnifico</a>, Slovenian singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Adamson" title="Andrew Adamson">Andrew Adamson</a>, New Zealand director, producer, and screenwriter</li> <li>1966 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Katherine_LaNasa" title="Katherine LaNasa">Katherine LaNasa</a>, American actress, ballet dancer, and choreographer<sup id="cite_ref-AP_55-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1966 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Larry_Walker" title="Larry Walker">Larry Walker</a>, Canadian baseball player and coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Nestor_Carbonell" class="mw-redirect" title="Nestor Carbonell">Nestor Carbonell</a>, American actor<sup id="cite_ref-AP_55-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1967 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Reggie_Sanders" title="Reggie Sanders">Reggie Sanders</a>, American baseball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Justin_Chadwick" title="Justin Chadwick">Justin Chadwick</a>, English actor and director</li> <li>1968 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Fitzgerald" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarah Fitzgerald">Sarah Fitzgerald</a>, Australian squash player</li> <li>1968 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Anders_Holmertz" title="Anders Holmertz">Anders Holmertz</a>, Swedish swimmer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Richard_Carrier" title="Richard Carrier">Richard Carrier</a>, American author and blogger</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Golden_Brooks" title="Golden Brooks">Golden Brooks</a>, American actress<sup id="cite_ref-AP_55-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1970 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Coulton" title="Jonathan Coulton">Jonathan Coulton</a>, American singer-songwriter and guitarist</li> <li>1970 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Kirk_Rueter" title="Kirk Rueter">Kirk Rueter</a>, American baseball player</li> <li>1970 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Silverman" title="Sarah Silverman">Sarah Silverman</a>, American comedian, actress, and singer<sup id="cite_ref-AP_55-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1970 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Tisha_Waller" title="Tisha Waller">Tisha Waller</a>, American high jumper and educator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Christian_Pescatori" title="Christian Pescatori">Christian Pescatori</a>, Italian race car driver</li> <li>1971 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Mika_Pohjola" title="Mika Pohjola">Mika Pohjola</a>, Finnish-American pianist and composer</li> <li>1971 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/John_Schlimm" title="John Schlimm">John Schlimm</a>, American author and educator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Stanton_Barrett" title="Stanton Barrett">Stanton Barrett</a>, American race car driver and stuntman</li> <li>1972 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Bart_Millard" title="Bart Millard">Bart Millard</a>, American singer-songwriter<sup id="cite_ref-AP_55-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Steve_Gibb" title="Steve Gibb">Steve Gibb</a>, English singer-songwriter and guitarist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Costinha" title="Costinha">Costinha</a>, Portuguese footballer and manager</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Matt_Fraction" title="Matt Fraction">Matt Fraction</a>, American author</li> <li>1975 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_%22Ikey%22_Owens" title="Isaiah &quot;Ikey&quot; Owens">Isaiah "Ikey" Owens</a>, American keyboard player and producer (d. 2014)</li> <li>1975 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Schie" title="Thomas Schie">Thomas Schie</a>, Norwegian racing driver and sportscaster</li> <li>1975 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Farah_Shah" title="Farah Shah">Farah Shah</a>, Pakistani actress and host</li> <li>1975 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Skou" title="Sophia Skou">Sophia Skou</a>, Danish swimmer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Tomasz_Adamek" title="Tomasz Adamek">Tomasz Adamek</a>, Polish boxer</li> <li>1976 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Laura_Ling" title="Laura Ling">Laura Ling</a>, American journalist and author</li> <li>1976 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Dean_O%27Gorman" title="Dean O&#39;Gorman">Dean O'Gorman</a>, New Zealand actor, artist, and photographer<sup id="cite_ref-UPI_49-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPI-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1976 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Shepard" title="Matthew Shepard">Matthew Shepard</a>, American <a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">hate crime</a> victim (d. 1998)<sup id="cite_ref-UPI_49-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPI-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1976 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Evangelos_Sklavos" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelos Sklavos">Evangelos Sklavos</a>, Greek basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Brad_Delson" title="Brad Delson">Brad Delson</a>, American guitarist and producer<sup id="cite_ref-AP_55-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1977 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Guillemin" title="Sophie Guillemin">Sophie Guillemin</a>, French actress</li> <li>1977 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Lee_McKenzie" title="Lee McKenzie">Lee McKenzie</a>, Scottish journalist</li> <li>1977 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Nate_Torrence" title="Nate Torrence">Nate Torrence</a>, American actor and comedian<sup id="cite_ref-AP_55-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Mat_Kearney" title="Mat Kearney">Mat Kearney</a>, American musician<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Brown_Trafton" title="Stephanie Brown Trafton">Stephanie Brown Trafton</a>, American discus thrower</li> <li>1979 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Malone" title="Ryan Malone">Ryan Malone</a>, American ice hockey player</li> <li>1979 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Richard_James_(sprinter,_born_1979)" title="Richard James (sprinter, born 1979)">Richard James</a>, Jamaican sprinter<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Iftikhar_Anjum" title="Iftikhar Anjum">Iftikhar Anjum</a>, Pakistani cricketer</li> <li>1980 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Kaif" title="Mohammad Kaif">Mohammad Kaif</a>, Indian cricketer and politician</li> <li>1980 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Mubarak_Hassan_Shami" title="Mubarak Hassan Shami">Mubarak Hassan Shami</a>, Kenyan-Qatari runner</li> <li>1980 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Gianna_Terzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gianna Terzi">Gianna Terzi</a>, Greek singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Park_Hyo-shin" title="Park Hyo-shin">Park Hyo-shin</a>, South Korean singer-songwriter and actor</li> <li>1981 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Luke_McPharlin" title="Luke McPharlin">Luke McPharlin</a>, Australian footballer</li> <li>1981 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/I_Made_Wirawan" title="I Made Wirawan">I Made Wirawan</a>, Indonesian footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Riz_Ahmed" title="Riz Ahmed">Riz Ahmed</a>, English actor and rapper<sup id="cite_ref-AP_55-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1982 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Christos_Kalantzis" title="Christos Kalantzis">Christos Kalantzis</a>, Greek footballer</li> <li>1982 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Christos_Melissis" title="Christos Melissis">Christos Melissis</a>, Greek footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Michael_Davis" title="Charles Michael Davis">Charles Michael Davis</a>, American actor<sup id="cite_ref-UPI_49-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPI-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1984 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Yolandi_Visser" title="Yolandi Visser">Yolandi Visser</a>, South African rapper and actress<sup id="cite_ref-UPI_49-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPI-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Philip_DeFranco" title="Philip DeFranco">Philip DeFranco</a>, American media host and YouTube personality<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1985 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Ilfenesh_Hadera" title="Ilfenesh Hadera">Ilfenesh Hadera</a>, American actress<sup id="cite_ref-AP_55-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1985 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Janelle_Mon%C3%A1e" title="Janelle Monáe">Janelle Monáe</a>, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress<sup id="cite_ref-AP_55-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1985 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Emiliano_Viviano" title="Emiliano Viviano">Emiliano Viviano</a>, Italian footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/DeSean_Jackson" title="DeSean Jackson">DeSean Jackson</a>, American football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Simon_Dawkins" title="Simon Dawkins">Simon Dawkins</a>, English footballer</li> <li>1987 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Tabarie_Henry" title="Tabarie Henry">Tabarie Henry</a>, Virgin Islander sprinter</li> <li>1987 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Vance_Joy" title="Vance Joy">Vance Joy</a>, Australian singer-songwriter</li> <li>1987 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Brett_Williams_(footballer,_born_1987)" title="Brett Williams (footballer, born 1987)">Brett Williams</a>, English footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Tyler_Joseph" title="Tyler Joseph">Tyler Joseph</a>, American musician and singer<sup id="cite_ref-AP_55-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1988 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%AB_Kravitz" title="Zoë Kravitz">Zoë Kravitz</a>, American actress, singer, and model<sup id="cite_ref-AP_55-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1988 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Dan_Mavraides" title="Dan Mavraides">Dan Mavraides</a>, Greek-American basketball player</li> <li>1988 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Raffl" title="Michael Raffl">Michael Raffl</a>, Austrian ice hockey player<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Sotel%C3%BAm" title="Sotelúm">Sotelúm</a>, Mexican trumpet player, composer, and producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Tatar" title="Tomáš Tatar">Tomáš Tatar</a>, Slovak ice hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Rakeem_Christmas" title="Rakeem Christmas">Rakeem Christmas</a>, American basketball player<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1991 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Hilda_Melander" title="Hilda Melander">Hilda Melander</a>, Swedish tennis player<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1991 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yang" title="Sun Yang">Sun Yang</a>, Chinese swimmer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Masahudu_Alhassan" title="Masahudu Alhassan">Masahudu Alhassan</a>, Ghanaian footballer</li> <li>1992 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Javier_B%C3%A1ez" title="Javier Báez">Javier Báez</a>, Puerto Rican baseball player<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1992 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Linos_Chrysikopoulos" title="Linos Chrysikopoulos">Linos Chrysikopoulos</a>, Greek basketball player</li> <li>1992 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Gary_Payton_II" title="Gary Payton II">Gary Payton II</a>, American basketball player<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1992 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Marco_van_Ginkel" title="Marco van Ginkel">Marco van Ginkel</a>, Dutch footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Reena_P%C3%A4rnat" title="Reena Pärnat">Reena Pärnat</a>, Estonian archer</li> <li>1993 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Beau_Webster" title="Beau Webster">Beau Webster</a>, Australian cricketer<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Seedy_Njie" title="Seedy Njie">Seedy Njie</a>, English footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Agn%C4%97_%C4%8Cepelyt%C4%97" title="Agnė Čepelytė">Agnė Čepelytė</a>, Lithuanian tennis player<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1995 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Jenna_Fife" title="Jenna Fife">Jenna Fife</a>, Scottish footballer<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1995 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/James_Wilson_(footballer,_born_1995)" title="James Wilson (footballer, born 1995)">James Wilson</a>, English footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Sada_Williams" title="Sada Williams">Sada Williams</a>, Barbadian sprinter<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Jung_Chae-yeon" title="Jung Chae-yeon">Jung Chae-yeon</a>, South Korean actress and singer<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Nico_Schlotterbeck" title="Nico Schlotterbeck">Nico Schlotterbeck</a>, German footballer<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Carole_Monnet" title="Carole Monnet">Carole Monnet</a>, French tennis player<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-1600_3">Pre-1600</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Pre-1600"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/217" title="217">217</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Judah_ha-Nasi" title="Judah ha-Nasi">Yehudah HaNasi</a>, '<a href="/wiki/Nasi_(Hebrew_title)" title="Nasi (Hebrew title)">Nasi</a>', <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a> and editor of the <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> (b. 135)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/660" title="660">660</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Saint_Eligius" title="Saint Eligius">Eligius</a>, Frankish bishop and saint (b. 588)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/948" title="948">948</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Gao_Conghui" title="Gao Conghui">Gao Conghui</a>, Chinese governor and prince (b. 891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/969" title="969">969</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Morotada" title="Fujiwara no Morotada">Fujiwara no Morotada</a>, Japanese statesman (b. 920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1018" title="1018">1018</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Thietmar_of_Merseburg" title="Thietmar of Merseburg">Thietmar of Merseburg</a>, German bishop (b. 975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1135" title="1135">1135</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I</a>, king of England (b. 1068)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1241" title="1241">1241</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_England" title="Isabella of England">Isabella of England</a>, Holy Roman Empress (b. 1214)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1255" title="1255">1255</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_III_of_Alamut" title="Muhammad III of Alamut">Muhammad III of Alamut</a>, Nizari Ismaili Imam<sup id="cite_ref-Daftary1992p422_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daftary1992p422-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1335" title="1335">1335</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_Bahadur_Khan" title="Abu Sa&#39;id Bahadur Khan">Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan</a>, Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate (b. 1305)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1374" title="1374">1374</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Eriksson" title="Magnus Eriksson">Magnus Eriksson</a>, king of Sweden (b. 1316)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1433" title="1433">1433</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Komatsu" title="Emperor Go-Komatsu">Go-Komatsu</a>, emperor of Japan (b. 1377)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1455" title="1455">1455</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ghiberti" title="Lorenzo Ghiberti">Lorenzo Ghiberti</a>, Italian goldsmith and sculptor (b. 1378)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1521" title="1521">1521</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_X" title="Pope Leo X">Leo X</a>, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1475)<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1530" title="1530">1530</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Austria,_Duchess_of_Savoy" title="Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy">Margaret of Austria</a>, duchess of Savoy (b. 1480)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Morone" title="Giovanni Morone">Giovanni Morone</a>, Italian cardinal (b. 1509)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1581" title="1581">1581</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Briant" title="Alexander Briant">Alexander Briant</a>, English Roman Catholic priest, martyr and saint (b. 1556)</li> <li>1581 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Campion" title="Edmund Campion">Edmund Campion</a>, English Roman Catholic priest, martyr, and saint (b. 1540)</li> <li>1581 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Sherwin" title="Ralph Sherwin">Ralph Sherwin</a>, English Roman Catholic priest, martyr, and saint (b. 1550)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1601–1900_3"><span id="1601.E2.80.931900_3"></span>1601–1900</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: 1601–1900"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1633" title="1633">1633</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Isabella_Clara_Eugenia" title="Isabella Clara Eugenia">Isabella Clara Eugenia</a>, infanta of Spain (b. 1566)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Vasconcelos" title="Miguel de Vasconcelos">Miguel de Vasconcelos</a>, Portuguese politician, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Portugal">Prime Minister of Portugal</a> (b. 1590)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Pierre_d%27Hozier" title="Pierre d&#39;Hozier">Pierre d'Hozier</a>, French genealogist and historian (b. 1592)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_F._Maraldi" title="Giacomo F. Maraldi">Giacomo F. Maraldi</a>, French-Italian astronomer and mathematician (b. 1665)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1750" title="1750">1750</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gabriel_Doppelmayr" title="Johann Gabriel Doppelmayr">Johann Gabriel Doppelmayr</a>, German mathematician, astronomer, and cartographer (b. 1671)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1755" title="1755">1755</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Greene_(composer)" title="Maurice Greene (composer)">Maurice Greene</a>, English organist and composer (b. 1696)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1767" title="1767">1767</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Henry_Erskine,_10th_Earl_of_Buchan" title="Henry Erskine, 10th Earl of Buchan">Henry Erskine, 10th Earl of Buchan</a>, Scottish politician (b. 1710)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1825" title="1825">1825</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Alexander I</a>, emperor and autocrat of Russia (b. 1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Emanuel_Fr%C3%B6hlich" title="Abraham Emanuel Fröhlich">Abraham Emanuel Fröhlich</a>, Swiss pastor, poet, and educator (b. 1796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/George_Everest" title="George Everest">George Everest</a>, Welsh geographer and surveyor (b. 1790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gray_Round" title="Charles Gray Round">Charles Gray Round</a>, English lawyer and politician (b. 1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/William_Swainson_(lawyer)" title="William Swainson (lawyer)">William Swainson</a>, English-New Zealand lawyer and politician, <a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_(New_Zealand)" title="Attorney-General (New Zealand)">Attorney-General of the Crown Colony of New Zealand</a> (b. 1809)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1901–present_3"><span id="1901.E2.80.93present_3"></span>1901–present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: 1901–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Juhan_Liiv" title="Juhan Liiv">Juhan Liiv</a>, Estonian poet and author (b. 1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Thayer_Mahan" title="Alfred Thayer Mahan">Alfred Thayer Mahan</a>, American captain and historian (b. 1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Foucauld" title="Charles de Foucauld">Charles de Foucauld</a>, French priest and martyr (b. 1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Virginie_Loveling" title="Virginie Loveling">Virginie Loveling</a>, Belgian author and poet (b. 1836)<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Eustasio_Rivera" title="José Eustasio Rivera">José Eustasio Rivera</a>, Colombian-American lawyer and poet (b. 1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Pekka_Halonen" title="Pekka Halonen">Pekka Halonen</a>, Finnish painter (b. 1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kirov" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergey Kirov">Sergey Kirov</a>, Russian engineer and politician (b. 1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Schmidt" title="Bernhard Schmidt">Bernhard Schmidt</a>, Estonian-German optician, invented the <a href="/wiki/Schmidt_camera" title="Schmidt camera">Schmidt camera</a> (b. 1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Leon_Wachholz" title="Leon Wachholz">Leon Wachholz</a>, Polish scientist and medical examiner (b. 1867)<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Damrong_Rajanubhab" title="Damrong Rajanubhab">Damrong Rajanubhab</a>, Thai historian and educator (b. 1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kerins" title="Charlie Kerins">Charlie Kerins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Irish Republican</a> executed by hanging (b. 1918)<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a>, English magician, poet, and mountaineer (b. 1875)</li> <li>1947 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/G._H._Hardy" title="G. H. Hardy">G. H. Hardy</a>, English mathematician and theorist (b. 1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Ernest_John_Moeran" title="Ernest John Moeran">Ernest John Moeran</a>, English pianist and composer (b. 1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Fred_Rose_(songwriter)" title="Fred Rose (songwriter)">Fred Rose</a>, American pianist, composer, and publisher (b. 1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Peratrovich" title="Elizabeth Peratrovich">Elizabeth Peratrovich</a>, American civil rights activist (b. 1911)<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/J._B._S._Haldane" title="J. B. S. Haldane">J. B. S. Haldane</a>, English-Indian geneticist and biologist (b. 1892)</li> <li>1964 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Vasilakos" title="Charilaos Vasilakos">Charilaos Vasilakos</a>, Greek runner (b. 1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Bretan" title="Nicolae Bretan">Nicolae Bretan</a>, Romanian opera singer, composer, and conductor (b. 1887)</li> <li>1968 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Dar%C3%ADo_Moreno" title="Darío Moreno">Darío Moreno</a>, Turkish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (b. 1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a>, Israeli politician, 1st <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Minister of Israel</a> (b. 1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Nellie_Fox" title="Nellie Fox">Nellie Fox</a>, American baseball player and coach (b. 1927)</li> <li>1975 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Maserati" title="Ernesto Maserati">Ernesto Maserati</a>, Italian race car driver and engineer (b. 1898)</li> <li>1975 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Anna_Roosevelt_Halsted" title="Anna Roosevelt Halsted">Anna Roosevelt Halsted</a>, American journalist (b. 1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Russ_Manning" title="Russ Manning">Russ Manning</a>, American author and illustrator (b. 1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Roelof_Frankot" title="Roelof Frankot">Roelof Frankot</a>, Dutch painter and photographer (b. 1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Frank_McCarthy_(producer)" title="Frank McCarthy (producer)">Frank McCarthy</a>, American general and film producer (b. 1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/James_Baldwin" title="James Baldwin">James Baldwin</a>, American novelist, poet, and critic (b. 1924)</li> <li>1987 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Punch_Imlach" title="Punch Imlach">Punch Imlach</a>, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager (b. 1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/J._Vernon_McGee" title="J. Vernon McGee">J. Vernon McGee</a>, American pastor and theologian (b. 1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Alvin_Ailey" title="Alvin Ailey">Alvin Ailey</a>, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Carla_Lehmann" title="Carla Lehmann">Carla Lehmann</a>, Canadian-English actress (b. 1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Pat_O%27Callaghan" title="Pat O&#39;Callaghan">Pat O'Callaghan</a>, Irish athlete (b. 1906)<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1991 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/George_Stigler" title="George Stigler">George Stigler</a>, American economist and academic, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (b. 1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Ray_Gillen" title="Ray Gillen">Ray Gillen</a>, American singer-songwriter (b. 1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Hopper_Levett" title="Hopper Levett">Hopper Levett</a>, English cricketer (b. 1908)</li> <li>1995 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Colin_Tapley" title="Colin Tapley">Colin Tapley</a>, New Zealand-English actor (b. 1907)</li> <li>1995 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Maxwell_R._Thurman" title="Maxwell R. Thurman">Maxwell R. Thurman</a>, American general (b. 1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bronfman" title="Peter Bronfman">Peter Bronfman</a>, Canadian businessman (b. 1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Michel_B%C3%A9langer" title="Michel Bélanger">Michel Bélanger</a>, Canadian banker and businessman (b. 1929)</li> <li>1997 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Grappelli" title="Stéphane Grappelli">Stéphane Grappelli</a>, French violinist (b. 1908)</li> <li>1997 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Endicott_Peabody" title="Endicott Peabody">Endicott Peabody</a>, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, 62nd <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governor of Massachusetts</a> (b. 1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Janet_Lewis" title="Janet Lewis">Janet Lewis</a>, American poet and novelist (b. 1899)<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Ellis_R._Dungan" title="Ellis R. Dungan">Ellis R. Dungan</a>, American director and producer (b. 1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Edward_L._Beach_Jr." title="Edward L. Beach Jr.">Edward L. Beach Jr.</a>, American captain and author (b. 1918)</li> <li>2002 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Dave_McNally" title="Dave McNally">Dave McNally</a>, American baseball player (b. 1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Clark_Kerr" title="Clark Kerr">Clark Kerr</a>, American economist and academic (b. 1911)</li> <li>2003 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Monti" title="Eugenio Monti">Eugenio Monti</a>, Italian bobsledder (b. 1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Prince_Bernhard_of_Lippe-Biesterfeld" title="Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld">Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld</a> (b. 1911)<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>2004 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Bill_Brown_(goalkeeper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Brown (goalkeeper)">Bill Brown</a>, Scottish footballer (b. 1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Gust_Avrakotos" title="Gust Avrakotos">Gust Avrakotos</a>, American <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> officer (b. 1938)</li> <li>2005 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Mary_Hayley_Bell" title="Mary Hayley Bell">Mary Hayley Bell</a>, English actress and playwright (b. 1911)</li> <li>2005 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Freeman_V._Horner" title="Freeman V. Horner">Freeman V. Horner</a>, American soldier, <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> recipient (b. 1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Claude_Jade" title="Claude Jade">Claude Jade</a>, French actress (b. 1948)</li> <li>2006 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Trigger" title="Bruce Trigger">Bruce Trigger</a>, Canadian archaeologist, anthropologist, and historian (b. 1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Ken_McGregor" title="Ken McGregor">Ken McGregor</a>, Australian tennis player and footballer (b. 1929)</li> <li>2007 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Anton_Rodgers" title="Anton Rodgers">Anton Rodgers</a>, British actor (b. 1933)<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>2007 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Rojnica" title="Ivo Rojnica">Ivo Rojnica</a>, Croatian-Argentine war crimes suspect, businessman, diplomat, and intelligence agent (b. 1915)<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Paul_Benedict" title="Paul Benedict">Paul Benedict</a>, American actor (b. 1938)</li> <li>2008 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Wirthlin" title="Joseph B. Wirthlin">Joseph B. Wirthlin</a>, American businessman and religious leader (b. 1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Adriaan_Blaauw" title="Adriaan Blaauw">Adriaan Blaauw</a>, Dutch astronomer and academic (b. 1914)</li> <li>2010 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Hillard_Elkins" title="Hillard Elkins">Hillard Elkins</a>, American actor and producer (b. 1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Christa_Wolf" title="Christa Wolf">Christa Wolf</a>, German author and critic (b. 1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Jovan_Belcher" title="Jovan Belcher">Jovan Belcher</a>, American football player (b. 1987)</li> <li>2012 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Chaskalson" title="Arthur Chaskalson">Arthur Chaskalson</a>, South African lawyer and judge, 18th <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_South_Africa" title="Chief Justice of South Africa">Chief Justice of South Africa</a> (b. 1931)</li> <li>2012 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Rick_Majerus" title="Rick Majerus">Rick Majerus</a>, American basketball player and coach (b. 1948)</li> <li>2012 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Ed_Price_(Florida_politician)" title="Ed Price (Florida politician)">Ed Price</a>, American soldier, pilot, and politician (b. 1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Richard_Coughlan" title="Richard Coughlan">Richard Coughlan</a>, English drummer (b. 1947)</li> <li>2013 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Stirling_Colgate" title="Stirling Colgate">Stirling Colgate</a>, American physicist and academic (b. 1925)</li> <li>2013 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Edward_Heffron" title="Edward Heffron">Edward Heffron</a>, American soldier (b. 1923)</li> <li>2013 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Martin_Sharp" title="Martin Sharp">Martin Sharp</a>, Australian cartoonist and songwriter (b. 1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Mario_Abramovich" title="Mario Abramovich">Mario Abramovich</a>, Argentinian violinist and composer (b. 1926)</li> <li>2014 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Trichopoulos" title="Dimitrios Trichopoulos">Dimitrios Trichopoulos</a>, Greek epidemiologist, oncologist, and academic (b. 1938)</li> <li>2014 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Wood" title="Rocky Wood">Rocky Wood</a>, New Zealand-Australian author (b. 1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Rob_Blokzijl" title="Rob Blokzijl">Rob Blokzijl</a>, Dutch physicist and computer scientist (b. 1943)</li> <li>2015 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Engelberger" title="Joseph Engelberger">Joseph Engelberger</a>, American physicist and engineer (b. 1925)</li> <li>2015 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kurtzke" title="John F. Kurtzke">John F. Kurtzke</a>, American neurologist and academic (b. 1926)</li> <li>2015 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Jim_Loscutoff" title="Jim Loscutoff">Jim Loscutoff</a>, American basketball player (b. 1930)</li> <li>2015 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Obst" title="Trevor Obst">Trevor Obst</a>, Australian footballer and coach (b. 1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Vivian_Lynn" title="Vivian Lynn">Vivian Lynn</a>, New Zealand artist (b. 1931)<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>2018 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Ken_Berry" title="Ken Berry">Ken Berry</a>, American actor, dancer, and singer (b. 1933)<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Paula_Tilbrook" title="Paula Tilbrook">Paula Tilbrook</a>, English actress (b. 1930)<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Arnie_Robinson" title="Arnie Robinson">Arnie Robinson</a>, American athlete (b. 1948)<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Gaylord_Perry" title="Gaylord Perry">Gaylord Perry</a>, American baseball player and coach (b. 1938)<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O&#39;Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a>, first female U.S. Supreme Court Justice (1981–2006) (b. 1930)<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Terry_Griffiths" title="Terry Griffiths">Terry Griffiths</a>, Welsh snooker player and coach (b. 1947)<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>2024 &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Ian_Redpath" title="Ian Redpath">Ian Redpath</a>, Australian cricketer and coach (b. 1941)<sup id="cite_ref-k405_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k405-99"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Holidays_and_observances">Holidays and observances</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Holidays and observances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Days_of_Military_Honour" title="Days of Military Honour">Battle of the Sinop Day</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>)</li> <li>Christian <a href="/wiki/Feast_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast day">feast day</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Briant" title="Alexander Briant">Alexander Briant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansanus" title="Ansanus">Ansanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Blessed</a> <a href="/wiki/Bruna_Pellesi" title="Bruna Pellesi">Bruna Pellesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castritian" title="Castritian">Castritian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Foucauld" title="Charles de Foucauld">Charles de Foucauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Campion" title="Edmund Campion">Edmund Campion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Eligius" title="Saint Eligius">Eligius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evasius" title="Evasius">Evasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Grwst" title="Saint Grwst">Grwst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ferrar" title="Nicholas Ferrar">Nicholas Ferrar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Episcopal_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)">Episcopal Church</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Sherwin" title="Ralph Sherwin">Ralph Sherwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursicinus_of_Brescia" title="Ursicinus of Brescia">Ursicinus of Brescia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)" title="December 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)">December 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damrong_Rajanubhab_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Damrong Rajanubhab Day">Damrong Rajanubhab Day</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>)</li> <li>Earliest day on which <a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_Day_(Ghana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Farmers&#39; Day (Ghana)">Farmer's Day</a> can fall, while December 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Friday in December. (<a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>)</li> <li>Earliest day on which <a href="/wiki/Good_Neighborliness_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Good Neighborliness Day">Good Neighborliness Day</a> can fall, while December 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Sunday in December. (<a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>)</li> <li>Earliest day on which <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Cultural_Day" title="Sindhi Cultural Day">Sindhi Cultural Day</a> can fall, while December 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Sunday in December. (<a href="/wiki/Sindhi_diaspora" title="Sindhi diaspora">Sindhi diaspora</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_President_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="First President Day">First President Day</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Democracy_Day" title="Freedom and Democracy Day">Freedom and Democracy Day</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Union_Day" title="Great Union Day">Great Union Day</a>, celebrates the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Transylvania_with_Romania" title="Union of Transylvania with Romania">union of Transylvania with Romania</a> in 1918 (<a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Abolition_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Abolition Day">Military Abolition Day</a> (<a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_(Myanmar)" title="National Day (Myanmar)">National Day (Myanmar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Day_(Central_African_Republic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic Day (Central African Republic)">Republic Day (Central African Republic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_of_Independence_Day_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Restoration of Independence Day (Portugal)">Restoration of Independence Day (Portugal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks_Day" title="Rosa Parks Day">Rosa Parks Day</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-governance_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-governance Day">Self-governance Day</a> or <i>Fullveldisdagurinn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teachers%27_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Teachers&#39; Day">Teachers' Day</a> (<a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_AIDS_Day" title="World AIDS Day">World AIDS Day</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Hewitt_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hewitt-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and its related observances: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Day_Without_Art" title="Day Without Art">Day Without Art</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hewitt_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hewitt-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRiché1993" class="citation book cs1">Riché, Pierre (1993). <i>The Carolingians: a family who forged Europe</i>. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p.&#160;121. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780812213423" title="Special:BookSources/9780812213423"><bdi>9780812213423</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Carolingians%3A+a+family+who+forged+Europe&amp;rft.place=Philadelphia&amp;rft.pages=121&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.isbn=9780812213423&amp;rft.aulast=Rich%C3%A9&amp;rft.aufirst=Pierre&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJesse_D._Hurlbut1990" class="citation book cs1">Jesse D. Hurlbut (1990). <i>Ceremonial Entries in Burgundy: Philip the Good and Charles the Bold (1419-1477)</i>. Indiana University. p.&#160;315.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Ceremonial+Entries+in+Burgundy%3A+Philip+the+Good+and+Charles+the+Bold+%281419-1477%29&amp;rft.pages=315&amp;rft.pub=Indiana+University&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.au=Jesse+D.+Hurlbut&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFoss1999" class="citation book cs1">Foss, Edward (1999). <i>Biographia juridica&#160;: a biographical dictionary of the judges of England from the conquest to the present time, 1066-1870</i>. Union, N.J: Lawbook Exchange. p.&#160;331. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781886363861" title="Special:BookSources/9781886363861"><bdi>9781886363861</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Biographia+juridica+%3A+a+biographical+dictionary+of+the+judges+of+England+from+the+conquest+to+the+present+time%2C+1066-1870&amp;rft.place=Union%2C+N.J&amp;rft.pages=331&amp;rft.pub=Lawbook+Exchange&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.isbn=9781886363861&amp;rft.aulast=Foss&amp;rft.aufirst=Edward&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHicks2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Hicks, Michael (January 2008). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/12921">"Heneage, Sir Thomas (<i>b</i>. in or before 1532, <i>d</i>. 1595)"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online&#160;ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F12921">10.1093/ref:odnb/12921</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Heneage%2C+Sir+Thomas+%28b.+in+or+before+1532%2C+d.+1595%29&amp;rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&amp;rft.edition=online&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2008-01&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F12921&amp;rft.aulast=Hicks&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F12921&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span>&#x20;<span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHumphreys2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Humphreys, Julian (December 2012). Attar, Rob (ed.). "Milestones". <i>BBC History magazine</i>. Northampton: BBC. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">10–</span>11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+History+magazine&amp;rft.atitle=Milestones&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E10-%3C%2Fspan%3E11&amp;rft.date=2012-12&amp;rft.aulast=Humphreys&amp;rft.aufirst=Julian&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTorres-SaillantHernández1998" class="citation book cs1">Torres-Saillant, Silvio; Hernández, Ramona (1998). <i>The Dominican Americans</i>. Westport: Greenwood Press. p.&#160;11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-31329-839-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-31329-839-4"><bdi>978-0-31329-839-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Dominican+Americans&amp;rft.place=Westport&amp;rft.pages=11&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-31329-839-4&amp;rft.aulast=Torres-Saillant&amp;rft.aufirst=Silvio&amp;rft.au=Hern%C3%A1ndez%2C+Ramona&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/electoral-college/1824">"1824 Electoral College Results"</a>. <i>archives.gov</i>. National Archives and Records Administration. 5 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=archives.gov&amp;rft.atitle=1824+Electoral+College+Results&amp;rft.date=2019-11-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Felectoral-college%2F1824&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLincoln,_Abraham" class="citation web cs1">Lincoln, Abraham. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/second-annual-message-9">"Second Annual Message"</a>. <i>presidency.ucsb.edu</i>. The American Presidency Project<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=presidency.ucsb.edu&amp;rft.atitle=Second+Annual+Message&amp;rft.au=Lincoln%2C+Abraham&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fdocuments%2Fsecond-annual-message-9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wwUvsDqrWj4C&amp;dq=First+Telephone+Installed+in+the+White+House+by+President+Rutherford+B.+Hayes+december+1+1878&amp;pg=PA214">First Whitehouse telephone is installed</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://books.rediff.com/book/ISBN:1430305010">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLegrand1987" class="citation book cs1">Legrand, Jacques (1987). <i>Chronicle of the 20th Century</i>. Ecam Publication. p.&#160;22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-942191-01-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-942191-01-3"><bdi>0-942191-01-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Chronicle+of+the+20th+Century&amp;rft.pages=22&amp;rft.pub=Ecam+Publication&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft.isbn=0-942191-01-3&amp;rft.aulast=Legrand&amp;rft.aufirst=Jacques&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.lanacion.com.ar/historia-argentina/historia/el-primer-subte/">El primer subte</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150419212655/http://blogs.lanacion.com.ar/historia-argentina/historia/el-primer-subte/">Archived</a> 2015-04-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – <a href="/wiki/La_Naci%C3%B3n" title="La Nación">La Nación</a>, 22 December 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhl.com/news/nhl-hockey-came-to-the-u-s-on-dec-1-1924/c-395417">"NHL hockey came to the U.S. on Dec. 1, 1924"</a>. <i>nhl.com</i>. National Hockey League. December 1, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 4,</span> 2016</span>. <q>The National Hockey League celebrates another historic anniversary...remembering the first NHL game played in the United States, as the Boston Bruins hosted the Montreal Maroons, both expansion teams, at the Boston Arena on Dec. 1, 1924.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=nhl.com&amp;rft.atitle=NHL+hockey+came+to+the+U.S.+on+Dec.+1%2C+1924&amp;rft.date=2008-12-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhl.com%2Fnews%2Fnhl-hockey-came-to-the-u-s-on-dec-1-1924%2Fc-395417&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFERR2024" class="citation web cs1">ERR, ERR News | (2024-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.err.ee/1609534957/history-the-1924-december-coup-attempt-in-estonia">"History: The 1924 December coup attempt in Estonia"</a>. <i>ERR</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-12-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ERR&amp;rft.atitle=History%3A+The+1924+December+coup+attempt+in+Estonia&amp;rft.date=2024-12-01&amp;rft.aulast=ERR&amp;rft.aufirst=ERR+News+%7C&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.err.ee%2F1609534957%2Fhistory-the-1924-december-coup-attempt-in-estonia&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Who Killed Kirov? The Kremlin's Greatest Mystery<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/k/knight-kirov.html">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130429163320/http://web.eduskunta.fi/Resource.phx/pubman/templates/1.htx?id=559">"Eduskunnan viettää muistojuhlaa Kauhajoella 2.–3.12.2006"</a> &#91;The Parliament will celebrate a commemorative party at Kauhajoki on December 2-3, 2006&#93; (in Finnish). <a href="/wiki/Eduskunta" class="mw-redirect" title="Eduskunta">Eduskunta</a>. December 2, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.eduskunta.fi/Resource.phx/pubman/templates/1.htx?id=559">the original</a> on April 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Eduskunnan+viett%C3%A4%C3%A4+muistojuhlaa+Kauhajoella+2.%E2%80%933.12.2006&amp;rft.pub=Eduskunta&amp;rft.date=2006-12-02&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.eduskunta.fi%2FResource.phx%2Fpubman%2Ftemplates%2F1.htx%3Fid%3D559&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJussila1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jussila, Osmo (1985). <i>Terijoen hallitus</i> (in Finnish). Porvoo, Helsinki: <a href="/wiki/Werner_S%C3%B6derstr%C3%B6m_Osakeyhti%C3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö">WSOY</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/951-0-12686-1" title="Special:BookSources/951-0-12686-1"><bdi>951-0-12686-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Terijoen+hallitus&amp;rft.place=Porvoo%2C+Helsinki&amp;rft.pub=WSOY&amp;rft.date=1985&amp;rft.isbn=951-0-12686-1&amp;rft.aulast=Jussila&amp;rft.aufirst=Osmo&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><i>Chinese Historians: The Journal of the Chinese Historians in the United States, Inc</i>. <b><span class="nowrap">5–</span>6</b>. Chinese Historians in the United States, Incorporated: 49. 1992.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Chinese+Historians%3A+The+Journal+of+the+Chinese+Historians+in+the+United+States%2C+Inc.&amp;rft.volume=5%E2%80%936&amp;rft.pages=49&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_untitled_periodical" title="Category:CS1 maint: untitled periodical">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKalck2005" class="citation book cs1">Kalck, Pierre (2005). <i>Historical dictionary of the Central African Republic</i>. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press. p.&#160;198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810849136" title="Special:BookSources/9780810849136"><bdi>9780810849136</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Historical+dictionary+of+the+Central+African+Republic&amp;rft.place=Lanham%2C+Md&amp;rft.pages=198&amp;rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=9780810849136&amp;rft.aulast=Kalck&amp;rft.aufirst=Pierre&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrice Lumumba is Captured in the Congo<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2011/jan/17/patrice-lumumba-50th-anniversary-assassination">[3]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/congolese-activistpatrice-lumumba-briefly-arrested">[4]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt21pxknd">[5]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nagaland.gov.in/pages/nagaland-profile">Nagaland</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRamet2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sabrina_P._Ramet" title="Sabrina P. Ramet">Ramet, Sabrina P.</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC"><i>The Three Yugoslavias: State-building and Legitimation, 1918–2005</i></a>. Bloomington: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>. p.&#160;257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34656-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34656-8"><bdi>978-0-253-34656-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Three+Yugoslavias%3A+State-building+and+Legitimation%2C+1918%E2%80%932005&amp;rft.place=Bloomington&amp;rft.pages=257&amp;rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-253-34656-8&amp;rft.aulast=Ramet&amp;rft.aufirst=Sabrina+P.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFTw3lEqi2-oC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hewitt-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hewitt_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hewitt_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hewitt_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cooperhewitt.org/2019/12/02/a-day-without-art-at-thirty/">"Day Without Art at Thirty"</a>. <i>Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum</i>. 2 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Cooper+Hewitt%2C+Smithsonian+Design+Museum&amp;rft.atitle=Day+Without+Art+at+Thirty&amp;rft.date=2019-12-02&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cooperhewitt.org%2F2019%2F12%2F02%2Fa-day-without-art-at-thirty%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-12-02-mn-942-story.html">"Bhutto Named Prime Minister of Pakistan&#160;: First Woman to Head a Muslim Nation to Take Oath Today in Transition to Democratic Rule"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. 1988-12-02. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221201231614/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-12-02-mn-942-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-12-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Bhutto+Named+Prime+Minister+of+Pakistan+%3A+First+Woman+to+Head+a+Muslim+Nation+to+Take+Oath+Today+in+Transition+to+Democratic+Rule&amp;rft.date=1988-12-02&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1988-12-02-mn-942-story.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/1/newsid_2516000/2516473.stm">"1990: Tunnel links UK and Europe"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 1 December 1990<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=1990%3A+Tunnel+links+UK+and+Europe&amp;rft.date=1990-12-01&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fdecember%2F1%2Fnewsid_2516000%2F2516473.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPhilpott" class="citation news cs1">Philpott, Amber. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wkyt.com/content/news/Remembering-a-deadly-Kentucky-high-school-shooting-20-years-later-461092173.html">"Remembering a deadly Kentucky high school shooting 20 years later"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Remembering+a+deadly+Kentucky+high+school+shooting+20+years+later&amp;rft.aulast=Philpott&amp;rft.aufirst=Amber&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wkyt.com%2Fcontent%2Fnews%2FRemembering-a-deadly-Kentucky-high-school-shooting-20-years-later-461092173.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150527125603/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/01/opinion/a-historic-transition-in-mexico.html">"A Historic Transition in Mexico"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. New York. December 1, 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/01/opinion/a-historic-transition-in-mexico.html">the original</a> on 2015-05-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=A+Historic+Transition+in+Mexico&amp;rft.date=2000-12-01&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F12%2F01%2Fopinion%2Fa-historic-transition-in-mexico.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190702135305/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2000-12-03-0012030496-story.html">"MEXICO HAS PEACEFUL TRANSFER OF POWER"</a>. <i>The Chicago Tribune</i>. Illinois. December 3, 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2000-12-03-0012030496-story.html">the original</a> on 2019-07-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Chicago+Tribune&amp;rft.atitle=MEXICO+HAS+PEACEFUL+TRANSFER+OF+POWER&amp;rft.date=2000-12-03&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fct-xpm-2000-12-03-0012030496-story.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307074011/http://transport.kaketoustroeno.ru/a_transport%26gosudarstvennaya-duma%266.htm">"Государственная дума&#160;:: Фракции"</a> &#91;State Duma&#160;:: Factions&#93; (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transport.kaketoustroeno.ru/a_transport%26gosudarstvennaya-duma%266.htm">the original</a> on 2016-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0+%3A%3A+%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftransport.kaketoustroeno.ru%2Fa_transport%2526gosudarstvennaya-duma%25266.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928165157/https://rg.ru/2004/03/26/perm-dok.html">"Федеральный закон об образовании Пермского края"</a> &#91;Federal Law on Formation of the Perm Territory&#93; (in Russian). Rossiyskaya Gazeta. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rg.ru/2004/03/26/perm-dok.html">the original</a> on 2020-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D0%BE%D0%B1+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F&amp;rft.pub=Rossiyskaya+Gazeta&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frg.ru%2F2004%2F03%2F26%2Fperm-dok.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/fact-sheet/gay-marriage-around-the-world/">"Same-Sex Marriage Around the World"</a>. Pew Research Center. 17 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170630034000/http://www.pewforum.org/2015/06/26/gay-marriage-around-the-world-2013/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Same-Sex+Marriage+Around+the+World&amp;rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&amp;rft.date=2019-05-17&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2Ffact-sheet%2Fgay-marriage-around-the-world%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:C:2008:115:TOC">eur-lex.europa.eu: " Official Journal of the European Union</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&amp;q=n2:1725-2423">1725-2423</a> C 115 Volume 51, 9 May 2008, retrieved 1 June 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zakon.kz/site_main_news/4460872-v-almaty-otkrylsja-metropoliten.html"><bdi lang="ru">В Алматы открылся Метрополитен</bdi></a> &#91;Opening of the Almaty Metro&#93;. <i>zakon.kz</i> (in Russian). 1 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=zakon.kz&amp;rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD&amp;rft.date=2011-12-01&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zakon.kz%2Fsite_main_news%2F4460872-v-almaty-otkrylsja-metropoliten.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160409042455/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/urban/single-view/view/phase-2-funded-as-almaty-metro-opens.html">"Almaty metro opens and Phase 2 funded"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Railway_Gazette_International" title="Railway Gazette International">Railway Gazette International</a></i>. 2 December 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/urban/single-view/view/phase-2-funded-as-almaty-metro-opens.html">the original</a> on 2016-04-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Railway+Gazette+International&amp;rft.atitle=Almaty+metro+opens+and+Phase+2+funded&amp;rft.date=2011-12-02&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaygazette.com%2Fnews%2Furban%2Fsingle-view%2Fview%2Fphase-2-funded-as-almaty-metro-opens.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPetri_Turunen2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petri Turunen (1 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.is.fi/oulun-seutu/art-2000005918251.html">"Uutta tietoa lapseen kohdistuneista seksuaalirikoksista Oulussa: 7 miestä tunsivat toisensa"</a> &#91;New Information on Sexual Crimes against a Child in Oulu: 7 men knew each other&#93;. <i><a href="/wiki/Ilta-Sanomat" title="Ilta-Sanomat">Ilta-Sanomat</a></i> (in Finnish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2019</span>. <q>On Saturday afternoon, the police released a bulletin, the contents of which shocked many Finns.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Ilta-Sanomat&amp;rft.atitle=Uutta+tietoa+lapseen+kohdistuneista+seksuaalirikoksista+Oulussa%3A+7+miest%C3%A4+tunsivat+toisensa&amp;rft.date=2018-12-01&amp;rft.au=Petri+Turunen&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.is.fi%2Foulun-seutu%2Fart-2000005918251.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWrack2019" class="citation news cs1">Wrack, Suzanne (4 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/dec/04/vivianne-miedema-arsenal-six-goals-netherlands-forward">"Vivianne Miedema: Arsenal's six-goal headline stealer who hates limelight"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Vivianne+Miedema%3A+Arsenal%27s+six-goal+headline+stealer+who+hates+limelight&amp;rft.date=2019-12-04&amp;rft.aulast=Wrack&amp;rft.aufirst=Suzanne&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffootball%2F2019%2Fdec%2F04%2Fvivianne-miedema-arsenal-six-goals-netherlands-forward&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCohen2020" class="citation journal cs1">Cohen, Jon (January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/content/article/wuhan-seafood-market-may-not-be-source-novel-virus-spreading-globally">"Wuhan seafood market may not be source of novel virus spreading globally"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.abb0611">10.1126/science.abb0611</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:214574620">214574620</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Science&amp;rft.atitle=Wuhan+seafood+market+may+not+be+source+of+novel+virus+spreading+globally&amp;rft.date=2020-01&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.abb0611&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A214574620%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Cohen&amp;rft.aufirst=Jon&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.org%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2Fwuhan-seafood-market-may-not-be-source-novel-virus-spreading-globally&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/01/arecibo-radio-telescope-collapses-puerto-rico">"Giant Arecibo radio telescope collapses in Puerto Rico"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 1 December 2020. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Giant+Arecibo+radio+telescope+collapses+in+Puerto+Rico&amp;rft.date=2020-12-01&amp;rft.issn=0261-3077&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fdec%2F01%2Farecibo-radio-telescope-collapses-puerto-rico&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWangHorbyHaydenGao2020" class="citation journal cs1">Wang, Chen; Horby, Peter W.; Hayden, Frederick G.; Gao, George F. (February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7135038">"A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern"</a>. <i>Lancet</i>. <b>395</b> (10223): <span class="nowrap">470–</span>473. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2820%2930185-9">10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7135038">7135038</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31986257">31986257</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Lancet&amp;rft.atitle=A+novel+coronavirus+outbreak+of+global+health+concern&amp;rft.volume=395&amp;rft.issue=10223&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E470-%3C%2Fspan%3E473&amp;rft.date=2020-02&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7135038%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31986257&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2820%2930185-9&amp;rft.aulast=Wang&amp;rft.aufirst=Chen&amp;rft.au=Horby%2C+Peter+W.&amp;rft.au=Hayden%2C+Frederick+G.&amp;rft.au=Gao%2C+George+F.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7135038&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShabbar1997" class="citation book cs1">Shabbar, S.M.R. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.al-islam.org/story-of-the-holy-kaaba-and-its-people-shabbar/second-imam-al-hasan"><i>Story of the Holy Ka'aba</i></a>. Muhammadi Trust of Great Britain. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131030105818/http://www.al-islam.org/story-of-the-holy-kaaba-and-its-people-shabbar/second-imam-al-hasan">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Story+of+the+Holy+Ka%27aba&amp;rft.pub=Muhammadi+Trust+of+Great+Britain&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.aulast=Shabbar&amp;rft.aufirst=S.M.R.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-islam.org%2Fstory-of-the-holy-kaaba-and-its-people-shabbar%2Fsecond-imam-al-hasan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-al-islam.org-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-al-islam.org_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.al-islam.org/masoom/bios/2ndimam.html">Shaykh Mufid. <i>Kitab Al Irshad.</i> p.279-289</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081227032908/http://www.al-islam.org/masoom/bios/2ndimam.html">Archived</a> 27 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGarland2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lynda_Garland" title="Lynda Garland">Garland, Lynda</a> (2016). <i>Byzantine Women: Varieties of Experience 800-1200</i>. London: Routledge. p.&#160;125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-13825-951-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-13825-951-5"><bdi>978-1-13825-951-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Byzantine+Women%3A+Varieties+of+Experience+800-1200&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=125&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-13825-951-5&amp;rft.aulast=Garland&amp;rft.aufirst=Lynda&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavies1982" class="citation book cs1">Davies, Norman (1982). <i>God's Playground: A History of Poland in Two Volumes</i>. Vol.&#160;1. Oxford: Clarendon. p.&#160;5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19821-943-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19821-943-9"><bdi>978-0-19821-943-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=God%27s+Playground%3A+A+History+of+Poland+in+Two+Volumes&amp;rft.place=Oxford&amp;rft.pages=5&amp;rft.pub=Clarendon&amp;rft.date=1982&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19821-943-9&amp;rft.aulast=Davies&amp;rft.aufirst=Norman&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNafziger2002" class="citation book cs1">Nafziger, George F. (2002). <i>Historical Dictionary of the Napoleonic Era</i>. New York: Scarecrow. p.&#160;281. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-81084-092-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-81084-092-8"><bdi>978-0-81084-092-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Napoleonic+Era&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=281&amp;rft.pub=Scarecrow&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-81084-092-8&amp;rft.aulast=Nafziger&amp;rft.aufirst=George+F.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/queen-alexandra-wife-of-edward-vii">"Queen Alexandra, wife of Edward VII"</a>. <i>Westminster Abbey</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Westminster+Abbey&amp;rft.atitle=Queen+Alexandra%2C+wife+of+Edward+VII&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminster-abbey.org%2Fabbey-commemorations%2Froyals%2Fqueen-alexandra-wife-of-edward-vii&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCHANNEL2020" class="citation web cs1">CHANNEL, THE VIOLIN (2020-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mobile.theviolinchannel.com/violin-pedagogue-ilona-feher-born-on-this-day-1901/">"ON THIS DAY | Violin Pedagogue Ilona Fehér Was Born On This Day in 1901"</a>. <i>World's Leading Classical Music Platform</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-12-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=World%27s+Leading+Classical+Music+Platform&amp;rft.atitle=ON+THIS+DAY+%7C+Violin+Pedagogue+Ilona+Feh%C3%A9r+Was+Born+On+This+Day+in+1901&amp;rft.date=2020-12-01&amp;rft.aulast=CHANNEL&amp;rft.aufirst=THE+VIOLIN&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmobile.theviolinchannel.com%2Fviolin-pedagogue-ilona-feher-born-on-this-day-1901%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/dame-alicia-markova-674993.html">"Dame Alicia Markova Ballerina of steely muscle and evangelical, unsnobbish zeal"</a>. <i>Independent</i>. 3 December 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Independent&amp;rft.atitle=Dame+Alicia+Markova+Ballerina+of+steely+muscle+and+evangelical%2C+unsnobbish+zeal&amp;rft.date=2004-12-03&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Fdame-alicia-markova-674993.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/player/walter-alston-110193">"Walter Alston"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Walter+Alston&amp;rft.pub=Major+League+Baseball&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fplayer%2Fwalter-alston-110193&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcGreehanLove2010" class="citation web cs1">McGreehan, Mike; Love, William (November 4, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2010/11/04/oakland-oaks-legend-billy-raimondi-dies-at-97/">"Oakland Oaks legend Billy Raimondi dies at 97"</a>. <i>East Bay Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=East+Bay+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Oakland+Oaks+legend+Billy+Raimondi+dies+at+97&amp;rft.date=2010-11-04&amp;rft.aulast=McGreehan&amp;rft.aufirst=Mike&amp;rft.au=Love%2C+William&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eastbaytimes.com%2F2010%2F11%2F04%2Foakland-oaks-legend-billy-raimondi-dies-at-97%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UPI-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UPI_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPI_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPI_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPI_49-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPI_49-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPI_49-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPI_49-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPI_49-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2022/12/01/Famous-birthdays-for-Dec-1-Riz-Ahmed-Sarah-Silverman/1701669769863/">"Famous birthdays for Dec. 1: Riz Ahmed, Sarah Silverman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/UPI" class="mw-redirect" title="UPI">UPI</a>. 1 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Famous+birthdays+for+Dec.+1%3A+Riz+Ahmed%2C+Sarah+Silverman&amp;rft.pub=UPI&amp;rft.date=2022-12-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FEntertainment_News%2F2022%2F12%2F01%2FFamous-birthdays-for-Dec-1-Riz-Ahmed-Sarah-Silverman%2F1701669769863%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein2011" class="citation web cs1">Goldstein, Richard (16 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/17/sports/baseball/17marion.html">"Marty Marion, Cardinals' Slick-Fielding Shortstop, Dies at 93"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Marty+Marion%2C+Cardinals%27+Slick-Fielding+Shortstop%2C+Dies+at+93&amp;rft.date=2011-03-16&amp;rft.aulast=Goldstein&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F03%2F17%2Fsports%2Fbaseball%2F17marion.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/10399707/Mother-Antonia-Brenner.html">"Mother Antonia Brenner"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. 2013-10-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&amp;rft.atitle=Mother+Antonia+Brenner&amp;rft.date=2013-10-23&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2F10399707%2FMother-Antonia-Brenner.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://masterworksbroadway.com/artist/allyn-ann-mclerie/">"Allyn Ann McLerie"</a>. <i>The Official Masterworks Broadway Site</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Official+Masterworks+Broadway+Site&amp;rft.atitle=Allyn+Ann+McLerie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmasterworksbroadway.com%2Fartist%2Fallyn-ann-mclerie%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/1999/jul/07/guardianobituaries">"Sola Sierra"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Sola+Sierra&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F1999%2Fjul%2F07%2Fguardianobituaries&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/explore/100women/profiles/vaira-vike-freiberga">"Vaira Vike-Freiberga"</a>. <i>Britannica Presents 100 Women Trailblazers</i>. 25 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Britannica+Presents+100+Women+Trailblazers&amp;rft.atitle=Vaira+Vike-Freiberga&amp;rft.date=2020-02-25&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fexplore%2F100women%2Fprofiles%2Fvaira-vike-freiberga&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AP-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AP_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_55-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_55-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_55-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_55-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_55-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_55-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_55-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_55-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_55-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_55-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_55-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_55-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_55-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_55-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_55-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_55-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_55-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_55-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_55-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRose2022" class="citation web cs1">Rose, Mike (1 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2022/12/todays-famous-birthdays-list-for-december-1-2022-includes-celebrities-zoe-kravitz-janelle-monae.html">"Today's famous birthdays list for December 1, 2022 includes celebrities Zoe Kravitz, Janelle Monae"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Plain_Dealer" title="The Plain Dealer">The Plain Dealer</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Plain+Dealer&amp;rft.atitle=Today%27s+famous+birthdays+list+for+December+1%2C+2022+includes+celebrities+Zoe+Kravitz%2C+Janelle+Monae&amp;rft.date=2022-12-01&amp;rft.aulast=Rose&amp;rft.aufirst=Mike&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cleveland.com%2Fentertainment%2F2022%2F12%2Ftodays-famous-birthdays-list-for-december-1-2022-includes-celebrities-zoe-kravitz-janelle-monae.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-mike-denness-obe-cricketer-1578561">"Obituary: Mike Denness OBE, cricketer"</a>. <i>www.scotsman.com</i>. 20 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.scotsman.com&amp;rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Mike+Denness+OBE%2C+cricketer&amp;rft.date=2013-04-20&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotsman.com%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Fobituary-mike-denness-obe-cricketer-1578561&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231015044941/https://www.althingi.is/altext/cv/is/?nfaerslunr=666">"Þingmenn: Alþingismannatal - Æviágrip þingmanna frá 1845 - Ásta B. Þorsteinsdóttir"</a> (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: <a href="/wiki/Althing" title="Althing">Althing</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.althingi.is/altext/cv/is/?nfaerslunr=666">the original</a> on 15 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%C3%9Eingmenn%3A+Al%C3%BEingismannatal+-+%C3%86vi%C3%A1grip+%C3%BEingmanna+fr%C3%A1+1845+-+%C3%81sta+B.+%C3%9Eorsteinsd%C3%B3ttir&amp;rft.place=Reykjav%C3%ADk%2C+Iceland&amp;rft.pub=Althing&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.althingi.is%2Faltext%2Fcv%2Fis%2F%3Fnfaerslunr%3D666&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sdexcellence.org/Lyle_Bien_1997">"Legacy Lyle Bien"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Hall_of_Fame" title="South Dakota Hall of Fame">South Dakota Hall of Fame</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=South+Dakota+Hall+of+Fame&amp;rft.atitle=Legacy+Lyle+Bien&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsdexcellence.org%2FLyle_Bien_1997&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBurgess2016" class="citation book cs1">Burgess, Colin (2016). <i>Interkosmos: The Eastern Bloc's Early Space Program</i>. Cham: Springer Praxis Books. p.&#160;239. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783319241630" title="Special:BookSources/9783319241630"><bdi>9783319241630</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Interkosmos%3A+The+Eastern+Bloc%27s+Early+Space+Program&amp;rft.place=Cham&amp;rft.pages=239&amp;rft.pub=Springer+Praxis+Books&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.isbn=9783319241630&amp;rft.aulast=Burgess&amp;rft.aufirst=Colin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417025303/https://results.gc2018.com/en/lawn-bowls/athlete-profile-n6013657-nozipho-schroeder.htm">"Lawn Bowls | Athlete Profile: Nozipho SCHROEDER - Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games"</a>. <i>results.gc2018.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://results.gc2018.com/en/lawn-bowls/athlete-profile-n6013657-nozipho-schroeder.htm">the original</a> on 17 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=results.gc2018.com&amp;rft.atitle=Lawn+Bowls+%7C+Athlete+Profile%3A+Nozipho+SCHROEDER+-+Gold+Coast+2018+Commonwealth+Games&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresults.gc2018.com%2Fen%2Flawn-bowls%2Fathlete-profile-n6013657-nozipho-schroeder.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Genzlinger-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Genzlinger_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGenzlinger2022" class="citation news cs1">Genzlinger, Neil (June 10, 2022). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/10/arts/music/julee-cruise-dead.html">"Julee Cruise, Vocalist of 'Twin Peaks' Fame, Dies at 65"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Julee+Cruise%2C+Vocalist+of+%27Twin+Peaks%27+Fame%2C+Dies+at+65&amp;rft.date=2022-06-10&amp;rft.aulast=Genzlinger&amp;rft.aufirst=Neil&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F06%2F10%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fjulee-cruise-dead.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWebster2021" class="citation web cs1">Webster, Sophie (2021-07-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techtimes.com/articles/262414/20210705/getting-know-safra-catz-oracle-ceo-newest-board-member-walt.htm">"Getting to Know Safra A. Catz: Oracle CEO, Newest Board Member of The Walt Disney, and Things We Did Not Know"</a>. <i>Tech Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-12-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Tech+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Getting+to+Know+Safra+A.+Catz%3A+Oracle+CEO%2C+Newest+Board+Member+of+The+Walt+Disney%2C+and+Things+We+Did+Not+Know&amp;rft.date=2021-07-05&amp;rft.aulast=Webster&amp;rft.aufirst=Sophie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.techtimes.com%2Farticles%2F262414%2F20210705%2Fgetting-know-safra-catz-oracle-ceo-newest-board-member-walt.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/italy-world-cup-hero-salvatore-toto-schillaci-dies-aged-59-13217240">"Italy World Cup hero Salvatore 'Toto' Schillaci dies, aged 59"</a>. <i>Sky News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Sky+News&amp;rft.atitle=Italy+World+Cup+hero+Salvatore+%27Toto%27+Schillaci+dies%2C+aged+59&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fitaly-world-cup-hero-salvatore-toto-schillaci-dies-aged-59-13217240&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mat-kearney-mn0000862343/biography">"Mat Kearney Biography, Songs, &amp; Albums"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=AllMusic&amp;rft.atitle=Mat+Kearney+Biography%2C+Songs%2C+%26+Albums&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fmat-kearney-mn0000862343%2Fbiography&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldathletics.org/athletes/jamaica/richard-james-14202067">"Richard JAMES"</a>. <i>worldathletics.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=worldathletics.org&amp;rft.atitle=Richard+JAMES&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldathletics.org%2Fathletes%2Fjamaica%2Frichard-james-14202067&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.instagram.com/phillydefranco/p/DDCfz-HpfeV/?img_index=1">https://www.instagram.com/phillydefranco/p/DDCfz-HpfeV/?img_index=1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhl.com/player/michael-raffl-8477290">"Michael Raffl"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Michael+Raffl&amp;rft.pub=National+Hockey+League&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhl.com%2Fplayer%2Fmichael-raffl-8477290&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nba.com/stats/player/1626176/career">"Rakeem Christmas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Rakeem+Christmas&amp;rft.pub=National+Basketball+Association&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nba.com%2Fstats%2Fplayer%2F1626176%2Fcareer&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billiejeankingcup.com/en/players/player.aspx?id=800265384">"Billie Jean King Cup Player Profile: Hilda Melander"</a>. <i>www.billiejeankingcup.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.billiejeankingcup.com&amp;rft.atitle=Billie+Jean+King+Cup+Player+Profile%3A+Hilda+Melander&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billiejeankingcup.com%2Fen%2Fplayers%2Fplayer.aspx%3Fid%3D800265384&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.milb.com/milb/player/595879">"Javier Baez | MiLB"</a>. <i>m.milb.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=m.milb.com&amp;rft.atitle=Javier+Baez+%7C+MiLB&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm.milb.com%2Fmilb%2Fplayer%2F595879&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nba.com/player/1627780/gary-payton-ii">"Gary Payton II"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Gary+Payton+II&amp;rft.pub=National+Basketball+Association&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nba.com%2Fplayer%2F1627780%2Fgary-payton-ii&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espncricinfo.com/australia/content/player/381329.html">CricInfo</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billiejeankingcup.com/en/players/player.aspx?id=800329166">"Billie Jean King Cup Player Profile: Agnė Čepelytė"</a>. <i>www.billiejeankingcup.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.billiejeankingcup.com&amp;rft.atitle=Billie+Jean+King+Cup+Player+Profile%3A+Agn%C4%97+%C4%8Cepelyt%C4%97&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billiejeankingcup.com%2Fen%2Fplayers%2Fplayer.aspx%3Fid%3D800329166&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scottishfa.co.uk/players/?pid=152472&amp;lid=2">"Jenna Fife | Scotland | Scottish FA"</a>. <i>www.scottishfa.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.scottishfa.co.uk&amp;rft.atitle=Jenna+Fife+%7C+Scotland+%7C+Scottish+FA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scottishfa.co.uk%2Fplayers%2F%3Fpid%3D152472%26lid%3D2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldathletics.org/athletes/barbados/sada-williams-14592846">"Sada WILLIAMS | Profile"</a>. <i>worldathletics.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=worldathletics.org&amp;rft.atitle=Sada+WILLIAMS+%7C+Profile&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldathletics.org%2Fathletes%2Fbarbados%2Fsada-williams-14592846&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.news.nate.com/view/20211202n03213">"정채연, 25번째 생일에 케이크 선물 엄청 받았네.."많은 사랑 받은 하루"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>헤럴드POP</i> (in Korean). 2 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=%ED%97%A4%EB%9F%B4%EB%93%9CPOP&amp;rft.atitle=%EC%A0%95%EC%B1%84%EC%97%B0%2C+25%EB%B2%88%EC%A7%B8+%EC%83%9D%EC%9D%BC%EC%97%90+%EC%BC%80%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC+%EC%84%A0%EB%AC%BC+%EC%97%84%EC%B2%AD+%EB%B0%9B%EC%95%98%EB%84%A4..%22%EB%A7%8E%EC%9D%80+%EC%82%AC%EB%9E%91+%EB%B0%9B%EC%9D%80+%ED%95%98%EB%A3%A8%22&amp;rft.date=2021-12-02&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.news.nate.com%2Fview%2F20211202n03213&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/player/nico-schlotterbeck">"Nico Schlotterbeck | SC Freiburg | Player Profile | Bundesliga"</a>. <i>bundesliga.com - the official Bundesliga website</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=bundesliga.com+-+the+official+Bundesliga+website&amp;rft.atitle=Nico+Schlotterbeck+%7C+SC+Freiburg+%7C+Player+Profile+%7C+Bundesliga&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundesliga.com%2Fen%2Fbundesliga%2Fplayer%2Fnico-schlotterbeck&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/players/overview/wta325991.html">"Wimbledon Player Profile: Carole Monnet"</a>. <i>www.wimbledon.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.wimbledon.com&amp;rft.atitle=Wimbledon+Player+Profile%3A+Carole+Monnet&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wimbledon.com%2Fen_GB%2Fplayers%2Foverview%2Fwta325991.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daftary1992p422-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Daftary1992p422_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDaftary1992" class="citation book cs1">Daftary, Farhad (1992). <i>The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines</i>. Cambridge University Press. p.&#160;422. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-42974-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-42974-0"><bdi>978-0-521-42974-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Isma%27ilis%3A+Their+History+and+Doctrines&amp;rft.pages=422&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-42974-0&amp;rft.aulast=Daftary&amp;rft.aufirst=Farhad&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leo-X">"Leo X | pope"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&amp;rft.atitle=Leo+X+%7C+pope&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FLeo-X&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVan_Gemert2011" class="citation book cs1">Van Gemert, Lia (2011). <i>Women's Writing from the Low Countries 1200-1875: A Bilingual Anthology</i>. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. p.&#160;559. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-08964-129-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-08964-129-8"><bdi>978-9-08964-129-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Women%27s+Writing+from+the+Low+Countries+1200-1875%3A+A+Bilingual+Anthology&amp;rft.place=Amsterdam&amp;rft.pages=559&amp;rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=978-9-08964-129-8&amp;rft.aulast=Van+Gemert&amp;rft.aufirst=Lia&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://krakowianie1939-56.mhk.pl/pl/archiwum,1,wachholz,3663.chtm">"Archiwum ofiar terroru nazistowskiego i komunistycznego w Krakowie 1939 - 1956"</a> &#91;Archive of victims of Nazi and communist terror in Krakow 1939 - 1956&#93; (in Polish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Dec 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Archiwum+ofiar+terroru+nazistowskiego+i+komunistycznego+w+Krakowie+1939+-+1956&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkrakowianie1939-56.mhk.pl%2Fpl%2Farchiwum%2C1%2Cwachholz%2C3663.chtm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://republicansinnfein.org/2013/12/21/1215/">"Charlie Kerins commemorated in Tralee"</a>. <i>Irish Republican Information Service</i>. 20 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Irish+Republican+Information+Service&amp;rft.atitle=Charlie+Kerins+commemorated+in+Tralee&amp;rft.date=2013-12-20&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepublicansinnfein.org%2F2013%2F12%2F21%2F1215%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeingroff" class="citation web cs1">Weingroff, Richard F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://highways.dot.gov/highway-history/general-highway-history/who-elizabeth-peratrovich-story-behind-countrys-first-anti">"Who Is Elizabeth Peratrovich? The Story Behind the Country's First Anti-Discrimination Law"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Highway_Administration" title="Federal Highway Administration">Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)</a></i>. U.S. Federal Highway Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Federal+Highway+Administration+%28FHWA%29&amp;rft.atitle=Who+Is+Elizabeth+Peratrovich%3F+The+Story+Behind+the+Country%27s+First+Anti-Discrimination+Law&amp;rft.aulast=Weingroff&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard+F.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhighways.dot.gov%2Fhighway-history%2Fgeneral-highway-history%2Fwho-elizabeth-peratrovich-story-behind-countrys-first-anti&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olympic.org/patrick-o-callaghan">"Patrick O'Callaghan"</a>. International Olympic Committee<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Patrick+O%27Callaghan&amp;rft.pub=International+Olympic+Committee&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fpatrick-o-callaghan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTobit-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobert_McG._Thomas_Jr.1998" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_McG._Thomas_Jr." title="Robert McG. Thomas Jr.">Robert McG. Thomas Jr.</a> (5 December 1998). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/05/arts/janet-lewis-99-poet-of-spirit-and-keeper-of-the-hearth-dies.html">"Janet Lewis, 99, Poet of Spirit and Keeper of the Hearth, Dies"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. p.&#160;C 16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Janet+Lewis%2C+99%2C+Poet+of+Spirit+and+Keeper+of+the+Hearth%2C+Dies&amp;rft.pages=C+16&amp;rft.date=1998-12-05&amp;rft.au=Robert+McG.+Thomas+Jr.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F12%2F05%2Farts%2Fjanet-lewis-99-poet-of-spirit-and-keeper-of-the-hearth-dies.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavis,_Dick1998" class="citation news cs1">Davis, Dick (December 15, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-janet-lewis-1191516.html">"Obituary: Janet Lewis"</a>. <i>The Independent</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 11,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Independent&amp;rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Janet+Lewis&amp;rft.date=1998-12-15&amp;rft.au=Davis%2C+Dick&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fobituary-janet-lewis-1191516.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bernhard-prince-of-the-Netherlands-prince-of-Lippe-Biesterfeld">"Bernhard, prince of the Netherlands, prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld | prince of the Netherlands"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&amp;rft.atitle=Bernhard%2C+prince+of+the+Netherlands%2C+prince+of+Lippe-Biesterfeld+%7C+prince+of+the+Netherlands&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FBernhard-prince-of-the-Netherlands-prince-of-Lippe-Biesterfeld&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2007/dec/04/guardianobituaries.television">"Anton Rodgers | Television industry"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Anton+Rodgers+%7C+Television+industry&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2007%2Fdec%2F04%2Fguardianobituaries.television&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrozović1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Brozović, Dalibor (1999). <i>Hrvatska enciklopedija</i> (in Croatian). Vol.&#160;1. Zagreb, Croatia: Leksikografski zavod "Miroslav Krleža". p.&#160;400. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-53603-629-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-53603-629-5"><bdi>978-9-53603-629-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Hrvatska+enciklopedija&amp;rft.place=Zagreb%2C+Croatia&amp;rft.pages=400&amp;rft.pub=Leksikografski+zavod+%22Miroslav+Krle%C5%BEa%22&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.isbn=978-9-53603-629-5&amp;rft.aulast=Brozovi%C4%87&amp;rft.aufirst=Dalibor&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/1412">"Vivian Lynn"</a>. <i>collections.tepapa.govt.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=collections.tepapa.govt.nz&amp;rft.atitle=Vivian+Lynn&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollections.tepapa.govt.nz%2Fagent%2F1412&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarnes2018" class="citation web cs1">Barnes, Mike (December 1, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/ken-berry-dead-f-troop-mamas-family-star-was-85-999739">"Ken Berry, Star of 'F Troop' and 'Mama's Family,' Dies at 85"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&amp;rft.atitle=Ken+Berry%2C+Star+of+%27F+Troop%27+and+%27Mama%27s+Family%2C%27+Dies+at+85&amp;rft.date=2018-12-01&amp;rft.aulast=Barnes&amp;rft.aufirst=Mike&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fken-berry-dead-f-troop-mamas-family-star-was-85-999739&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestage.co.uk/obituaries-archive/obituaries/paula-tilbrook">"Obituary: Paula Tilbrook"</a>. <i>The Stage</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Stage&amp;rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Paula+Tilbrook&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestage.co.uk%2Fobituaries-archive%2Fobituaries%2Fpaula-tilbrook&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sports/sports-columnists/story/2020-12-01/arnie-robinson-olympics-long-jump-gold-montreal-died-san-diego-aztecs-mesa-college">"Column: Arnie Robinson dies at 72; Olympic long jump gold medalist, San Diego mainstay"</a>. <i>San Diego Union-Tribune</i>. December 1, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=San+Diego+Union-Tribune&amp;rft.atitle=Column%3A+Arnie+Robinson+dies+at+72%3B+Olympic+long+jump+gold+medalist%2C+San+Diego+mainstay&amp;rft.date=2020-12-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandiegouniontribune.com%2Fsports%2Fsports-columnists%2Fstory%2F2020-12-01%2Farnie-robinson-olympics-long-jump-gold-montreal-died-san-diego-aztecs-mesa-college&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEvansGjerdeHeijmansMallon" class="citation web cs1">Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; <a href="/wiki/Bill_Mallon" title="Bill Mallon">Mallon, Bill</a>; et&#160;al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200417174749/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ro/arnie-robinson-1.html">"Arnie Robinson"</a>. <i>Olympics at Sports-Reference.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/Sports_Reference" title="Sports Reference">Sports Reference LLC</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ro/arnie-robinson-1.html">the original</a> on 2020-04-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Olympics+at+Sports-Reference.com&amp;rft.atitle=Arnie+Robinson&amp;rft.aulast=Evans&amp;rft.aufirst=Hilary&amp;rft.au=Gjerde%2C+Arild&amp;rft.au=Heijmans%2C+Jeroen&amp;rft.au=Mallon%2C+Bill&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sports-reference.com%2Folympics%2Fathletes%2Fro%2Farnie-robinson-1.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/gaylord-perry-died-baseball-hall-famer-pitcher-dead-age-84/">"Gaylord Perry, two-time Cy Young winner and master of the spitball, dies at 84"</a>. <i>CBSNews.com</i>. December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=CBSNews.com&amp;rft.atitle=Gaylord+Perry%2C+two-time+Cy+Young+winner+and+master+of+the+spitball%2C+dies+at+84&amp;rft.date=2022-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fgaylord-perry-died-baseball-hall-famer-pitcher-dead-age-84%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/sandra-day-oconnor-former-supreme-court-justice-dead-93">"Sandra Day O'Connor, former Supreme Court Justice, dead at 93"</a>. <i>FoxNews.com</i>. December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=FoxNews.com&amp;rft.atitle=Sandra+Day+O%27Connor%2C+former+Supreme+Court+Justice%2C+dead+at+93&amp;rft.date=2023-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fsandra-day-oconnor-former-supreme-court-justice-dead-93&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skysports.com/more-sports/snooker/news/12040/13265097/terry-griffiths-former-world-snooker-champion-dies-after-lengthy-battle-with-dementia">"Terry Griffiths: Former world snooker champion dies after lengthy battle with dementia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports" title="Sky Sports">Sky Sports</a></i>. December 2, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Sky+Sports&amp;rft.atitle=Terry+Griffiths%3A+Former+world+snooker+champion+dies+after+lengthy+battle+with+dementia&amp;rft.date=2024-12-02&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skysports.com%2Fmore-sports%2Fsnooker%2Fnews%2F12040%2F13265097%2Fterry-griffiths-former-world-snooker-champion-dies-after-lengthy-battle-with-dementia&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-k405-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-k405_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/australia/tributes-as-australian-cricket-hall-of-famer-ian-redpath-passes-away-aged-83/news-story/44be6336ec49583e3f5bf976126132a9">"Tributes as Australian Cricket Hall of Famer Ian Redpath passes away, aged 83"</a>. <i>foxsports.com.au</i>. 1 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=foxsports.com.au&amp;rft.atitle=Tributes+as+Australian+Cricket+Hall+of+Famer+Ian+Redpath+passes+away%2C+aged+83&amp;rft.date=2024-12-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxsports.com.au%2Fcricket%2Faustralia%2Ftributes-as-australian-cricket-hall-of-famer-ian-redpath-passes-away-aged-83%2Fnews-story%2F44be6336ec49583e3f5bf976126132a9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/December_1" class="extiw" title="commons:December 1"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">December 1</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/1">BBC: On This Day</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/learning.blogs.nytimes.com/on-this-day/december-1"><i>The New York Times</i>: On This Day</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.onthisday.com/events/december/1">Historical Events on December 1</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Months_and_days_of_the_year389" style="width:auto;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Months" title="Template:Months"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Months" title="Template talk:Months"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Months" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Months"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Months_and_days_of_the_year389" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Months and days of the year</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Today:</b> <a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a>, <a href="/wiki/2025" title="2025">2025</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;action=purge"><span title="Purge this page">[refresh&#93;</span></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/January" title="January">January</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_3" title="January 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_15" title="January 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_19" title="January 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">31</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/February" title="February">February</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_29" title="February 29">29</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/March" title="March">March</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_9" title="March 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_16" title="March 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_21" title="March 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_22" title="March 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_30" title="March 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">31</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/April" title="April">April</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_26" title="April 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">30</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/May" title="May">May</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_3" title="May 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_11" title="May 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_23" title="May 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">31</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/June" title="June">June</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6" title="June 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_19" title="June 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">30</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/July" title="July">July</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">31</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/August" title="August">August</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_21" title="August 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_31" title="August 31">31</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/September" title="September">September</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_9" title="September 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_15" title="September 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_19" title="September 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">30</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/October" title="October">October</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_17" title="October 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_22" title="October 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">31</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/November" title="November">November</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_22" title="November 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">30</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/December" title="December">December</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_4" title="December 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_29" title="December 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">31</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Related: <a href="/wiki/List_of_non-standard_dates" title="List of non-standard dates">List of non-standard dates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&amp;type=1x1&amp;usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;oldid=1280728629">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;oldid=1280728629</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Days_of_December" title="Category:Days of December">Days of December</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_ODNB" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Finnish-language_sources_(fi)" title="Category:CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)">CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_untitled_periodical" title="Category:CS1 maint: untitled periodical">CS1 maint: untitled periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)">CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Russian-language_script_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 uses Russian-language script (ru)">CS1 uses Russian-language script (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Icelandic-language_sources_(is)" title="Category:CS1 Icelandic-language sources (is)">CS1 Icelandic-language sources (is)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Korean-language_sources_(ko)" title="Category:CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)">CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Polish-language_sources_(pl)" title="Category:CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)">CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Croatian-language_sources_(hr)" title="Category:CS1 Croatian-language sources (hr)">CS1 Croatian-language sources (hr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_pending_changes_protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia pending changes protected pages">Wikipedia pending changes protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_move-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons link from Wikidata">Commons link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 March 2025, at 04:02<span class="anonymous-show">&#160;(UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=December_1&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">December 1</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>197 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-f644c8c66-xns8t","wgBackendResponseTime":488,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.468","walltime":"1.879","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7124,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":207210,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6454,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":13,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":330184,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1484.640 1 -total"," 62.88% 933.483 1 Template:Reflist"," 21.86% 324.582 58 Template:Cite_web"," 14.25% 211.621 16 Template:Cite_book"," 7.37% 109.462 1 Template:Pp-pc1"," 7.30% 108.428 1 Template:Months"," 7.06% 104.869 1 Template:Navbox"," 6.95% 103.186 1 Template:Day"," 6.28% 93.235 1 Template:ISSN"," 6.21% 92.198 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.788","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6543563,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-748fc965c8-pssmd","timestamp":"20250320000559","ttl":86056,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"December 1","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/December_1","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2297","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2297","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-11-04T03:21:42Z","headline":"day of the year"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10