Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes alleviate necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal mice by regulating intestinal epithelial cells autophagy

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These findings also enhance our understanding of the role of the autophagy mechanism in NEC, offering potential aven …"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg">  <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/opensearch.xml" title="PubMed search">  <noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/core/no-script.css"> </noscript> <meta name="citation_title" content="Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes alleviate necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal mice by regulating intestinal epithelial cells autophagy"> <meta name="citation_authors" content="Zhu L;He L;Duan W;Yang B;Li N;"> <meta name="citation_date" content="06/26/2024"> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="World J Stem Cells"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="World journal of stem cells"> <meta name="citation_pmid" content="38948093"> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38948093/"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="16"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="6"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.4252/wjsc.v16.i6.728"> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1948-0210"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38948093/" /> </head> <body > <noscript> <div class="no-script-banner" id="no-script-banner"> <div class="warning-message"> <div class="warning-message-text"> This site needs JavaScript to work properly. 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usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="6ZBLIfHmWzHhyfY3n8NMiMAyNVSFEB5DLKv9BjCSCvmWveGrHj3015PhXEzSGgb2"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="6ZBLIfHmWzHhyfY3n8NMiMAyNVSFEB5DLKv9BjCSCvmWveGrHj3015PhXEzSGgb2"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="6ZBLIfHmWzHhyfY3n8NMiMAyNVSFEB5DLKv9BjCSCvmWveGrHj3015PhXEzSGgb2"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="6ZBLIfHmWzHhyfY3n8NMiMAyNVSFEB5DLKv9BjCSCvmWveGrHj3015PhXEzSGgb2"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> 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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22World+J+Stem+Cells%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="World J Stem Cells"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"World J Stem Cells"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"World J Stem Cells"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2024 Jun 26;16(6):728-738.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i6.728. </span> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes alleviate necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal mice by regulating intestinal epithelial cells autophagy </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Zhu+L&cauthor_id=38948093" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Lin Zhu">Lin Zhu</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, Hubei Province, China." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=He+L&cauthor_id=38948093" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Lu He">Lu He</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, Hubei Province, China." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Duan+W&cauthor_id=38948093" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Wu Duan">Wu Duan</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Yang+B&cauthor_id=38948093" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Bo Yang">Bo Yang</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, Hubei Province, China." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Li+N&cauthor_id=38948093" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ning Li">Ning Li</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Physical Education, Heze University, Heze 274015, Shandong Province, China. hzlqlm@163.com." href="#full-view-affiliation-5" 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Department of Internal Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-3" id="full-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-4" id="full-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, Hubei Province, China.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-5" id="full-view-affiliation-5" ><sup class="key">5</sup> Department of Physical Education, Heze University, Heze 274015, Shandong Province, China. hzlqlm@163.com.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">38948093</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC11212546&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11212546/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC11212546 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.4252/wjsc.v16.i6.728&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v16.i6.728" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i6.728 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <h1 class="heading-title"> Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes alleviate necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal mice by regulating intestinal epithelial cells autophagy </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Lin Zhu</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> World J Stem Cells<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <time class="citation-year" datetime="2024">2024</time><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/38948093/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title">Show details</span> </button> <div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"> <button class="trigger 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data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Lin Zhu">Lin Zhu</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, Hubei Province, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=He+L&cauthor_id=38948093" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Lu He">Lu He</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, Hubei Province, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Duan+W&cauthor_id=38948093" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Wu Duan">Wu Duan</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Yang+B&cauthor_id=38948093" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Bo Yang">Bo Yang</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, Hubei Province, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Li+N&cauthor_id=38948093" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ning Li">Ning Li</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Physical Education, Heze University, Heze 274015, Shandong Province, China. hzlqlm@163.com." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, Hubei Province, China.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2" id="short-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3" id="short-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-4" id="short-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, Hubei Province, China.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-5" id="short-view-affiliation-5" ><sup class="key">5</sup> Department of Physical Education, Heze University, Heze 274015, Shandong Province, China. hzlqlm@163.com.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">38948093</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC11212546&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11212546/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC11212546 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.4252/wjsc.v16.i6.728&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v16.i6.728" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i6.728 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/38948093/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/38948093/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Background: </strong> Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disease that affects premature infants. Although mounting evidence supports the therapeutic effect of exosomes on NEC, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Aim: </strong> To investigate the mechanisms underlying the regulation of inflammatory response and intestinal barrier function by umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSCs) exosomes, as well as their potential in alleviating NEC in neonatal mice. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Methods: </strong> NEC was induced in 5-d-old C57BL/6 pups through hypoxia and gavage feeding of formula containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS), after which the mice received human UCMSC exosomes (hUCMSC-exos). The control mice were allowed to breastfeed with their dams. Ileal tissues were collected from the mice and analyzed by histopathology and immunoblotting. Colon tissues were collected from NEC neonates and analyzed by immunofluorescence. Molecular biology and cell culture approaches were employed to study the related mechanisms in intestinal epithelial cells. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Results: </strong> We found that autophagy is overactivated in intestinal epithelial cells during NEC, resulting in reduced expression of tight junction proteins and an increased inflammatory response. The ability of hUCMSC-exos to ameliorate NEC in a mouse model was dependent on decreased intestinal autophagy. We also showed that hUCMSC-exos alleviate the inflammatory response and increase migration ability in intestinal epithelial cells induced by LPS. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Conclusion: </strong> These results contribute to a better understanding of the protective mechanisms of hUCMSC-exos against NEC and provide a new theoretical and experimental foundation for NEC treatment. These findings also enhance our understanding of the role of the autophagy mechanism in NEC, offering potential avenues for identifying new therapeutic targets. </p> </div> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Keywords: </strong> Autophagy; Exosomes; Intestinal barrier function; Intestinal epithelial cell; Necrotizing enterocolitis; Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell. </p> </div> <p class="copyright" id="copyright"> ©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. </p> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="conflict-of-interest" id="conflict-of-interest"> <h2 class="title"> Conflict of interest statement </h2> <div class="statement"> <p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.</p> </div> </div> <div class="figures" id="figures"> <h2 class="title"> Figures </h2> <div class="figures-list" id="slides-container" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="0" data-label-slug="figure-1"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c3aa/11212546/c3fa5610d7e9/WJSC-16-728-g001.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-0" role="button" data-image-width="771" data-image-height="1114" data-image-alt="Figure 1" data-pmc-id="PMC11212546" data-figure-id="F1"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-0" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c3aa/11212546/49d0e4336726/WJSC-16-728-g001.gif" alt="Figure 1" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="771"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1114"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Intestinal epithelial cells autophagy increases… </b></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Intestinal epithelial cells autophagy increases and tight junction protein expression decreases in necrotizing… </b></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 1 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>Intestinal epithelial cells autophagy increases and tight junction protein expression decreases in necrotizing enterocolitis neonates.</b> Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes reduce autophagy and increase tight junction protein expression in the small intestine tissue of necrotizing enterocolitis mice. A-G: Exosomes particle size analysis (nanoparticle tracking analysis method) analyzes the size of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (hUCMSCs-exos) vesicles (A); morphology of isolated exosomes using transmission electron microscopy (B); expression levels of TSG101, CD81, CD63, and calnexin in hUCMSCs-exos were detected by western blot (C); expression of the intestinal epithelial cell-specific protein ZO-1 in neonatal colon tissue (green fluorescence) (D and E); expression of the autophagy protein LC3 in intestinal epithelial cells in neonatal colon tissue (red fluorescence), scale bar, 100 μm (F and G); H and I: Hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining of LC3 and p62 in mouse distal ileum. Scale bar = 500 μm; J: Inflammatory factor levels in mice serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; K: Western blot detects autophagy (LC3, p62) and tight junction (ZO-1, claudin-1) protein expression in mouse distal ileum tissue. Data was expressed as mean ± SEM of three or six independent experiments. <sup>b</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> control group, <sup>c</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group, <sup>d</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs</i> necrotizing enterocolitis, <sup>e</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> necrotizing enterocolitis. NEC: Necrotizing enterocolitis; Ctr: Control; IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="1" data-label-slug="figure-2"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c3aa/11212546/383f9c819888/WJSC-16-728-g002.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-1" role="button" data-image-width="771" data-image-height="1068" data-image-alt="Figure 2" data-pmc-id="PMC11212546" data-figure-id="F2"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-1" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c3aa/11212546/b262893f0ee7/WJSC-16-728-g002.gif" alt="Figure 2" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="771"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1068"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 2 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem… </b></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 2 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced autophagy in intestinal epithelial… </b></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 2 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced autophagy in intestinal epithelial cells.</b> A: The expression of p62 and LC3 in each cell group was determined by western blotting; B: IEC-18 cells were infected with Ad-mRFP-GFP-LC3 for 48 h and photographed with the confocal microscopy. Representative mRFP-LC3, GFP-LC3 and merge images were shown. The number of GFP-LC3 dots and mRFP-LC3 dots per cell were counted to quantify the number of autophagosomes (yellow dots) and autolysosomes (red dots) per cell; C: The ultrastructure of IEC-18 cells was presented by transmission electron microscopy, with red arrows indicating degradative autophagic vacuoles. The scale bar represents 1 μm. Data was expressed as mean ± SEM of three or six independent experiments. <sup>b</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> control group, <sup>c</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>d</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs</i> lipopolysaccharide, <sup>e</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> lipopolysaccharide. LPS: Lipopolysaccharide.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="2" data-label-slug="figure-3"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c3aa/11212546/a566e7173b20/WJSC-16-728-g003.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-2" role="button" data-image-width="771" data-image-height="1076" data-image-alt="Figure 3" data-pmc-id="PMC11212546" data-figure-id="F3"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-2" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c3aa/11212546/954dbe8676fc/WJSC-16-728-g003.gif" alt="Figure 3" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="771"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1076"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 3 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem… </b></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 3 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes attenuate inflammation and injury induced by… </b></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 3 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes attenuate inflammation and injury induced by lipopolysaccharide and enhance the migration ability of intestinal epithelial cells by regulating autophagy.</b> A: The expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, claudin-1 and E-cadherin) and cell proliferation proteins in each cell group was determined by western blotting; B: Migration ability of IEC-18 was detected by wound healing assay; C: Inflammatory factor levels in cell supernatants were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data was expressed as mean ± SEM of three or six independent experiments. <sup>a</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs</i> control group, <sup>b</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> control group, <sup>c</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>d</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs</i> lipopolysaccharide, <sup>e</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> lipopolysaccharide, <sup>f</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> lipopolysaccharide; <sup>g</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> Rap. LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; Ctr: Control; IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor.</div> </figcaption> </figure> </div>  <div class="pswp figures-dialog" id="figures-dialog" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" data-image-gallery-uid="article-figures" aria-label="Figures Dialog">  <div class="pswp__bg"></div>  <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">  <div class="pswp__container"> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> </div>  <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden"> <div class="pswp__top-bar">  <div class="pswp__counter"></div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" title="Share"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>   <div class="pswp__preloader"> <div class="pswp__preloader__icn"> <div class="pswp__preloader__cut"> <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap"> <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div> </div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)"> </button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)"> </button> <div class="pswp__caption"> <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-dialog-caption"> <div class="figure-caption-link-container"> <a class="figure-caption-link" href="#">See this image and copyright information in PMC</a> </div> <div class="figure-caption-center" data-expand-title="click to show full caption" data-collapse-title="click to hide full caption"> </div> <button class="figure-caption-toggle-btn" aria-label="show full caption" data-expand-text="show full caption" data-collapse-text="hide full caption">  </button> </div> </div> <div class="similar-articles" id="similar"> <h2 class="title"> Similar articles </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="similar-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/36385400/" ref="article_id=36385400&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="36385400" data-ga-label=""> Comparison and Investigation of Exosomes from Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells and Human Breast Milk in Alleviating Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Hu X, Zhang R, Liang H, An J, Yang Y, Huo J, Chen Z, Quan W, Jiang L, Li C, Li J, Li F, Xu Y, Zhu X.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Hu X, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2023 Apr;19(3):754-766. doi: 10.1007/s12015-022-10470-5. 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Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes alleviate necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal mice by regulating intestinal epithelial cells autophagy - PubMed