CINXE.COM

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class="feature-img-attribution cell small-12"> <div class="caption">Vignette on page 1 of Volume 6 from <em>Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire des insectes</em> by René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur.</div> <div class="attribution">via <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.24788615">JSTOR</a> </div> </div> <div class="article-share cell small-12"> <div class="article-share-container-compact article-top"> <span><span><svg id="share-icon" width="11" height="11" viewBox="0 0 11 11" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M5.49994 0L9.90971 4.43359L8.93744 5.41111L6.1875 2.64632V8.23515H4.8125V2.64619L2.06244 5.41111L1.09016 4.43359L5.49994 0Z"/> <path d="M1.375 7.54394V9.61758H9.625V7.54394H11V11H0V7.54394H1.375Z"/> </svg></span> Share</span> <div class="share-options"> <a href="javascript:navigator.clipboard.writeText('https%3A%2F%2Fdaily.jstor.org%2Finsects-in-the-mail%2F')" onClick="this.innerHTML=this.innerHTML.replace('Copy link', 'Link copied')"><span 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https%3A%2F%2Fdaily.jstor.org%2Finsects-in-the-mail%2F"><span class="icon"><i class="fab fa-whatsapp"></i></span>WhatsApp</a> <a class="article-share__link article-share__link--email" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="mailto:?subject=Insects%20in%20the%20Mail&body=The%20efficiency%20of%20the%20postal%20system%20and%20generosity%20of%20local%20experts%20played%20important%20roles%20in%20the%20advancement%20of%20entomology%20in%20eighteenth-century%20France.%0D%0A%0D%0A%20Read%20More: https%3A%2F%2Fdaily.jstor.org%2Finsects-in-the-mail%2F"><span class="icon"><i class="fas fa-envelope"></i></span>Email</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-meta cell small-12"> <div class="article-authors byline"><span>By: </span> <a href="https://daily.jstor.org/daily-author/danny-robb/">Danny Robb</a> </div> <div class="article-date"> <time class="timestamp timestamp--published" datetime="2024-12-28T08:48:50-05:00">December 28, 2024</time> <time class="timestamp--updated" datetime="2024-12-27T13:06:45-05:00">December 27, 2024</time> </div> <div class="article-reading-time"> <i class="fas fa-clock"></i> 3 minutes </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="main-grid grid-x grid-margin-x"> <main class="main-content cell small-12 medium-8" id="main"> <article id="post-320834" class="post-320834 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-plantsanimals category-science tag-france tag-insects daily_article_types-quick-reads do-drop-cap"> <div class="entry-content"> <div class="j-icon"> The <span class="jcitation"></span> icon indicates free access to the linked research on JSTOR. </div> <p>In 1733, French scientist Ferchault de Réaumur received a strange package in the mail. It contained a few stalks of asparagus and a collection of leaves. But, among the plants, Réaumur found what he had requested: beetles and bugs in various stages of development. A lawyer named Gilles-Augustin Bazin had assembled the package, one of many he sent to his friend in Paris. Historian Mary Terrall uses this relationship to show how <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40962591?mag=insects-in-the-mail" class="jcitation" >Réaumur created a correspondence network dedicated to the study of insects</a>. She argues that scientists like Réaumur often depended on non-specialists like Bazin to do important field work. In many ways, this story looks like an early form of <a href="https://daily.jstor.org/a-scientific-look-at-citizen-science/">citizen science.</a></p><p class="membership-incontent-banner"><a href="https://about.jstor.org/mailings/teaching/?utm_campaign=T+L_opt-ins&utm_source=JSTORDaily_banner&utm_medium=digital_ad "><img decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-305864 show-for-large" src="https://daily.jstor.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/teaching_resources_in_text_1588.jpg" alt="JSTOR Teaching Resources" width="800" height="196"><img class="hide-for-large" src="https://daily.jstor.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/teaching_resources_in_text_mobile_800.jpg" alt="JSTOR Teaching Resources" /></a></p> <p>Terrall explains that the Postmaster General of France was a big fan of science, and Réaumur benefited from this interest—packages like Bazin’s arrived “expeditiously and free of charge.” This enabled Réaumur to openly advertise for people to send him insects, alive or dead, without worrying about shipping costs. Terrall quotes Réaumur instructing his readers to place the insects “in little boxes with the necessary food for the journey.”</p> <p>As he did with Bazin, Réaumur developed a consistent exchange with Joseph de Seytres, marquis de Caumont in Provence. Terrall’s analysis of their letters reveals a fascinating dynamic. Caumont himself didn’t usually go out collecting insects; instead, he relied on a local man referred to as M Alphons.</p> <aside class="pull-quote center"> <div class="pull-quote__text tweetable">Scientists in Paris collected distant specimens, and local people increased their own understanding of insects that directly affected their livelihoods.</div> </aside> <p>A retiree in a small town, Alphons was an ideal citizen scientist. He impressed both Caumont and Réaumur with his scientific instincts, and they relied heavily on his local connections. Terrall writes that Alphons “enlisted the help of peasants with their own even more local knowledge” to collect cicadas and other insects. <span>Terrall believes this was a mutually beneficial arrangement. Scientists in Paris collected distant specimens, and local people increased their own understanding of <a href="https://daily.jstor.org/the-long-lost-locust/">insects that directly affected their livelihoods</a>.</span></p> <p>It took trial and error to perfect their methods. In one letter, Alphons described how a peasant brought him a basket of soil containing cicada nymphs. He sent the entire basket of soil along to Caumont, afraid that taking the nymphs out would kill them.</p> <p>Caumont extracted the nymphs and sent them to Réaumur with Alphons’s letter. Then Réaumur wrote detailed instructions for Alphons on preparing specimens, and Caumont sent the basket back, filled with the necessary materials.</p> <div class="daily_email_signup weekly-digest "> <h4>Weekly Newsletter</h4> <div class="wpcf7 no-js" id="wpcf7-f50708-p320834-o2" lang="en-US" dir="ltr" data-wpcf7-id="50708"> <div class="screen-reader-response"><p role="status" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true"></p> <ul></ul></div> <form action="/insects-in-the-mail/#wpcf7-f50708-p320834-o2" method="post" class="wpcf7-form init" aria-label="Contact form" novalidate="novalidate" data-status="init"> <div style="display: none;"> <input type="hidden" name="_wpcf7" value="50708" /> <input type="hidden" name="_wpcf7_version" value="6.0.1" /> <input type="hidden" name="_wpcf7_locale" value="en_US" /> <input type="hidden" name="_wpcf7_unit_tag" value="wpcf7-f50708-p320834-o2" /> <input type="hidden" name="_wpcf7_container_post" value="320834" /> <input type="hidden" name="_wpcf7_posted_data_hash" value="" /> </div> <p class="info-text"><br /> Get your fix of JSTOR Daily’s best stories in your inbox each Thursday. </p> <div class="flex-wrapper"> <p><span class="wpcf7-form-control-wrap" data-name="your-email"><input size="40" maxlength="400" class="wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-email wpcf7-validates-as-required wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-email" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" placeholder="Your Email" value="" type="email" name="your-email" /></span><input class="wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-submit has-spinner button" type="submit" value="Subscribe" /> </p> </div> <div> <p><input type="hidden" class="wpcf7-redirect" name="wpcf7-redirect" value="/thank-you-weekly-newsletters/" /><input type="hidden" class="form-name" name="form-name" value="newsletter_signup_weekly_digest" /> </p> </div> <p class="email-additional"><br /> <a href="https://about.jstor.org/privacy/" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a>   <a href="http://www.jstor.org/contact-us/" target="_blank">Contact Us</a><br /> You may unsubscribe at any time by clicking on the provided link on any marketing message. </p><p style="display: none !important;" class="akismet-fields-container" data-prefix="_wpcf7_ak_"><label>Δ<textarea name="_wpcf7_ak_hp_textarea" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="100"></textarea></label><input type="hidden" id="ak_js_2" name="_wpcf7_ak_js" value="39"/><script>document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() );</script></p><input type='hidden' class='wpcf7-pum' value='{"closepopup":true,"closedelay":2,"openpopup":false,"openpopup_id":0}' /><div class="wpcf7-response-output" aria-hidden="true"></div> </form> </div> </div> <p>Generally this preparation meant killing creatures and preserving them in bottles filled with alcohol and water. Live insects were welcome, and Réaumur tried to raise many himself, though it was difficult and wasn’t particularly fruitful. Regardless, Réaumur believed that <a href="https://daily.jstor.org/the-metamorphosis-of-a-17th-century-insect-artist/">working with dead insects</a> enabled observations that would have been difficult or impossible if the insect was alive.</p> <p>Terrall quotes Réaumur describing one such discovery: “While I was examining one of these muscles, and meanwhile pulled it gently with a pin and moved it a bit from its place to let it then fall back, it happened that I caused a cicada that had been dead for several months to sing.”</p> <hr /> <p><a href="https://bit.ly/30jM88p">Support JSTOR Daily! 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