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auto rickshaw</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: electric auto rickshaw"> <meta name="keywords" content="electric auto rickshaw"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="electric auto rickshaw"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1706</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: electric auto rickshaw</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1706</span> Design of an Energy Efficient Electric Auto Rickshaw</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Asghar">Muhammad Asghar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aamer%20Iqbal%20Bhatti"> Aamer Iqbal Bhatti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qadeer%20Ahmed"> Qadeer Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahir%20Izhar"> Tahir Izhar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Three wheeler auto Rickshaw, often termed as ‘auto rickshaw’ is very common in Pakistan and is considered as the most affordable means of transportation to the local people. Problems caused by the gasoline engine on the environment and people, the researchers and the automotive industry have turned to the hybrid electric vehicles and electrical powered vehicle. The research in this paper explains the design of energy efficient Electric auto Rickshaw. An electric auto rickshaw is being developed at Center for Energy Research and Development, (Lahore), which is running on the roads of Lahore city. Energy storage capacity of batteries is at least 25 times heavier than fossil fuel and having volume 10 times in comparison to fuel, resulting an increase of the Rickshaw weight. A set of specifications is derived according to the mobility requirements of the electric auto rickshaw. The design choices considering the power-train and component selection are explained in detail. It was concluded that electric auto rickshaw has many advantages and benefits over the conventional auto rickshaw. It is cleaner and much more energy efficient but limited to the distance it can travel before recharging of battery. In addition, a brief future view of the battery technology is given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20auto%20rickshaw" title="conventional auto rickshaw">conventional auto rickshaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20auto%20rickshaw" title=" electric auto rickshaw"> electric auto rickshaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20combustion%20engine" title=" internal combustion engine"> internal combustion engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54016/design-of-an-energy-efficient-electric-auto-rickshaw" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54016.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1705</span> GPS Devices to Increase Efficiency of Indian Auto-Rickshaw Segment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanchay%20Vaidya">Sanchay Vaidya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sourabh%20Gupta"> Sourabh Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gouresh%20Singhal"> Gouresh Singhal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are various modes of transport in metro cities in India, auto-rickshaws being one of them. Auto-rickshaws provide connectivity to all the places in the city offering last mile connectivity. Among all the modes of transport, the auto-rickshaw industry is the most unorganized and inefficient. Although unions exist in different cities they aren’t good enough to cope up with the upcoming advancements in the field of technology. An introduction of simple technology in this field may do wonder and help increase the revenues. This paper aims to organize this segment under a single umbrella using GPS devices and mobile phones. The paper includes surveys of about 300 auto-rickshaw drivers and 1000 plus commuters across 6 metro cities in India. Carrying out research and analysis provides a base for the development of this model and implementation of this innovative technique, which is discussed in this paper in detail with ample emphasis given on the implementation of this model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auto-rickshaws" title="auto-rickshaws">auto-rickshaws</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20model" title=" business model"> business model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPS%20device" title=" GPS device"> GPS device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20application" title=" mobile application"> mobile application</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6574/gps-devices-to-increase-efficiency-of-indian-auto-rickshaw-segment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6574.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1704</span> Hybridization and Dynamic Performance Analysis of Three-Wheeler Electric Auto Rickshaw</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Asghar">Muhammad Asghar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20I.%20Bhatti"> A. I. Bhatti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Izhar"> T. Izhar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The three-wheeled auto-rickshaw with a two or four-stroke Gasoline, Liquid Petrolium Gas (LPG) or Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) engine is a petite, highly maneuverable vehicle and best suited for the small and heavily-congested roads and is an affordable means of transportation in Pakistan cities. However due to in-efficient engine design, it is a main cause of air-pollution in the shape of white smoke (CO2) (greenhouse gases) at the tail pipe. Due to the environmental pollution, a huge number of battery powered vehicles have been imported from all over the world to fulfill the need of country. Effect of degree of hybridization on fuel economy and acceleration performance has been discussed in this paper. From mild to full hybridization stages have been examined. Optimal level of hybridization ranges depending on the total driving power of vehicle are suggested. The degree of hybridization is varied and fuel economy is seen accordingly by using Advisor (NREL) software. The novel vehicle drive-train is modeled and simulated in the Advisor software. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advisor" title="advisor">advisor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybridization" title=" hybridization"> hybridization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20economy" title=" fuel economy"> fuel economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Three-Wheeled%20Rickshaw" title=" Three-Wheeled Rickshaw"> Three-Wheeled Rickshaw</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22037/hybridization-and-dynamic-performance-analysis-of-three-wheeler-electric-auto-rickshaw" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">567</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1703</span> Auto Rickshaw Impacts with Pedestrians: A Computational Analysis of Post-Collision Kinematics and Injury Mechanics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20J.%20Al-Graitti">A. J. Al-Graitti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20A.%20Khalid"> G. A. Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Berthelson"> P. Berthelson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mason-Jones"> A. Mason-Jones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Prabhu"> R. Prabhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20D.%20Jones"> M. D. Jones</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Motor vehicle related pedestrian road traffic collisions are a major road safety challenge, since they are a leading cause of death and serious injury worldwide, contributing to a third of the global disease burden. The auto rickshaw, which is a common form of urban transport in many developing countries, plays a major transport role, both as a vehicle for hire and for private use. The most common auto rickshaws are quite unlike ‘typical’ four-wheel motor vehicle, being typically characterised by three wheels, a non-tilting sheet-metal body or open frame construction, a canvas roof and side curtains, a small drivers’ cabin, handlebar controls and a passenger space at the rear. Given the propensity, in developing countries, for auto rickshaws to be used in mixed cityscapes, where pedestrians and vehicles share the roadway, the potential for auto rickshaw impacts with pedestrians is relatively high. Whilst auto rickshaws are used in some Western countries, their limited number and spatial separation from pedestrian walkways, as a result of city planning, has not resulted in significant accident statistics. Thus, auto rickshaws have not been subject to the vehicle impact related pedestrian crash kinematic analyses and/or injury mechanics assessment, typically associated with motor vehicle development in Western Europe, North America and Japan. This study presents a parametric analysis of auto rickshaw related pedestrian impacts by computational simulation, using a Finite Element model of an auto rickshaw and an LS-DYNA 50<sup>th</sup> percentile male Hybrid III Anthropometric Test Device (dummy). Parametric variables include auto rickshaw impact velocity, auto rickshaw impact region (front, centre or offset) and relative pedestrian impact position (front, side and rear). The output data of each impact simulation was correlated against reported injury metrics, Head Injury Criterion (front, side and rear), Neck injury Criterion (front, side and rear), Abbreviated Injury Scale and reported risk level and adds greater understanding to the issue of auto rickshaw related pedestrian injury risk. The parametric analyses suggest that pedestrians are subject to a relatively high risk of injury during impacts with an auto rickshaw at velocities of 20 km/h or greater, which during some of the impact simulations may even risk fatalities. The present study provides valuable evidence for informing a series of recommendations and guidelines for making the auto rickshaw safer during collisions with pedestrians. Whilst it is acknowledged that the present research findings are based in the field of safety engineering and may over represent injury risk, compared to “Real World” accidents, many of the simulated interactions produced injury response values significantly greater than current threshold curves and thus, justify their inclusion in the study. To reduce the injury risk level and increase the safety of the auto rickshaw, there should be a reduction in the velocity of the auto rickshaw and, or, consideration of engineering solutions, such as retro fitting injury mitigation technologies to those auto rickshaw contact regions which are the subject of the greatest risk of producing pedestrian injury. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auto%20rickshaw" title="auto rickshaw">auto rickshaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injury%20risk%20level" title=" injury risk level"> injury risk level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LS-DYNA" title=" LS-DYNA"> LS-DYNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedestrian%20impact" title=" pedestrian impact"> pedestrian impact</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74993/auto-rickshaw-impacts-with-pedestrians-a-computational-analysis-of-post-collision-kinematics-and-injury-mechanics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1702</span> A Method of the Semantic on Image Auto-Annotation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Huo">Lin Huo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xianwei%20Liu"> Xianwei Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingxiong%20Zhou"> Jingxiong Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, due to the existence of semantic gap between image visual features and human concepts, the semantic of image auto-annotation has become an important topic. Firstly, by extract low-level visual features of the image, and the corresponding Hash method, mapping the feature into the corresponding Hash coding, eventually, transformed that into a group of binary string and store it, image auto-annotation by search is a popular method, we can use it to design and implement a method of image semantic auto-annotation. Finally, Through the test based on the Corel image set, and the results show that, this method is effective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20auto-annotation" title="image auto-annotation">image auto-annotation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20correlograms" title=" color correlograms"> color correlograms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hash%20code" title=" Hash code"> Hash code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20retrieval" title=" image retrieval"> image retrieval</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15628/a-method-of-the-semantic-on-image-auto-annotation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">497</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1701</span> Internet of Things-Based Electric Vehicle Charging Notification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nagarjuna%20Pitty">Nagarjuna Pitty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is believed invention “Advanced Method and Process Quick Electric Vehicle Charging” is an Electric Vehicles (EVs) are quickly turning into the heralds of vehicle innovation. This study endeavors to address the inquiries of how module charging process correspondence has been performed between the EV and Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE). The energy utilization of gas-powered motors is higher than that of electric engines. An invention is related to an Advanced Method and Process Quick Electric Vehicle Charging. In this research paper, readings on the electric vehicle charging approaches will be checked, and the module charging phases will be described comprehensively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric" title="electric">electric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle" title=" vehicle"> vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charging" title=" charging"> charging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=notification" title=" notification"> notification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title=" IoT"> IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply" title=" supply"> supply</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equipment" title=" equipment"> equipment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166037/internet-of-things-based-electric-vehicle-charging-notification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1700</span> A Comparison Between the Internal Combustion Engine and Electric Motor in the Automobile</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jack%20Mason">Jack Mason</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Pourmovhed"> Ahmad Pourmovhed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the internal combustion engine when compared to different types of electric vehicles. The Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)'s overall cost, environmental impact, and usability will all be compared to different types of Electric Vehicles (EVs) including Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs). Also, the ways to solve the issues of the problems each vehicle presents will be discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interal%20combustion%20engine" title="interal combustion engine">interal combustion engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery%20electric%20vehicle" title=" battery electric vehicle"> battery electric vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20cell%20electric%20vehicle" title=" fuel cell electric vehicle"> fuel cell electric vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emissions" title=" emissions"> emissions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143248/a-comparison-between-the-internal-combustion-engine-and-electric-motor-in-the-automobile" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143248.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1699</span> Parking Space Detection and Trajectory Tracking Control for Vehicle Auto-Parking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiuh-Jer%20Huang">Shiuh-Jer Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Sheng%20Hsu"> Yu-Sheng Hsu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> On-board available parking space detecting system, parking trajectory planning and tracking control mechanism are the key components of vehicle backward auto-parking system. Firstly, pair of ultrasonic sensors is installed on each side of vehicle body surface to detect the relative distance between ego-car and surrounding obstacle. The dimension of a found empty space can be calculated based on vehicle speed and the time history of ultrasonic sensor detecting information. This result can be used for constructing the 2D vehicle environmental map and available parking type judgment. Finally, the auto-parking controller executes the on-line optimal parking trajectory planning based on this 2D environmental map, and monitors the real-time vehicle parking trajectory tracking control. This low cost auto-parking system was tested on a model car. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20auto-parking" title="vehicle auto-parking">vehicle auto-parking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parking%20space%20detection" title=" parking space detection"> parking space detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parking%20path%20tracking%20control" title=" parking path tracking control"> parking path tracking control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20fuzzy%20controller" title=" intelligent fuzzy controller"> intelligent fuzzy controller</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78571/parking-space-detection-and-trajectory-tracking-control-for-vehicle-auto-parking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1698</span> Production of Sr-Ferrite Sub-Micron Powder by Conventional and Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Methods </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ghobeiti-Hasab">M. Ghobeiti-Hasab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Magnetic powder of Sr-ferrite was prepared by conventional and sol-gel auto-combustion methods. In conventional method, strontium carbonate and ferric oxide powders were mixed together and then mixture was calcined. In sol-gel auto-combustion method, a solution containing strontium nitrate, ferric nitrate and citric acid was heated until the combustion took place automatically; then, as-burnt powder was calcined. Thermal behavior, phase identification, morphology and magnetic properties of powders obtained by these two methods were compared by DTA, XRD, SEM, and VSM techniques. According to the results of DTA analysis, formation temperature of Sr-ferrite obtained by conventional and sol-gel auto-combustion methods were 1300 °C and 1000 °C, respectively. XRD results confirmed the formation of pure Sr-ferrite at the mentioned temperatures. Plate and hexagonal-shape particles of Sr-ferrite were observed using SEM. The Sr-ferrite powder obtained by sol-gel auto-combustion method had saturation magnetization of 66.03 emu/g and coercivity of 5731 Oe in comparison with values of 58.20 emu/g and 4378 Oe obtained by conventional method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sr-ferrite" title="Sr-ferrite">Sr-ferrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel" title=" sol-gel"> sol-gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20properties" title=" magnetic properties"> magnetic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcination" title=" calcination"> calcination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19970/production-of-sr-ferrite-sub-micron-powder-by-conventional-and-sol-gel-auto-combustion-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19970.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1697</span> Evaluating the Effect of Splitting Wind Farms on Power Output</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazanin%20Naderi">Nazanin Naderi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milton%20Smith"> Milton Smith</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since worldwide demand for renewable energy is increasing rapidly because of the climate problem and the limitation of fossil fuels, technologies of alternative energy sources have been developed and the electric power network now includes renewable energy resources such as wind energy. Because of the huge advantages that wind energy has, like reduction in natural gas use, price pressure, emissions of greenhouse gases and other atmospheric pollutants, electric sector water consumption and many other contributions to the nation’s economy like job creation it has got too much attention these days from different parts of the world especially in the United States which is trying to provide 20% of the nation’s energy from wind by 2030. This study is trying to evaluate the effect of splitting wind farms on power output. We are trying to find if we can get more output by installing wind turbines in different sites rather than installing all wind turbines in one site. Five potential sites in Texas have been selected as a case study and two years wind data has been gathered for these sites. Wind data are analyzed and effect of correlation between sites on power output has been evaluated. Standard deviation and autocorrelation effect has also been considered for this study. The paper has been organized as follows: After the introduction the second section gives a brief overview of wind analysis. The third section addresses the case study and evaluates correlation between sites, auto correlation of sites and standard deviation of power output. In section four we describe the results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auto%20correlation" title="auto correlation">auto correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation%20between%20sites" title=" correlation between sites"> correlation between sites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=splitting%20wind%20farms" title=" splitting wind farms"> splitting wind farms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20output" title=" power output"> power output</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20deviation" title=" standard deviation "> standard deviation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30007/evaluating-the-effect-of-splitting-wind-farms-on-power-output" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30007.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">586</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1696</span> Advanced Simulation of Power Consumption of Electric Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilya%20Kavalchuk">Ilya Kavalchuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayrettin%20Arisoy"> Hayrettin Arisoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alex%20Stojcevski"> Alex Stojcevski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aman%20Maun%20Than%20Oo"> Aman Maun Than Oo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electric vehicles are one of the most complicated electric devices to simulate due to the significant number of different processes involved in electrical structure of it. There are concurrent processes of energy consumption and generation with different onboard systems, which make simulation tasks more complicated to perform. More accurate simulation on energy consumption can provide a better understanding of all energy management for electric transport. As a result of all those processes, electric transport can allow for a more sustainable future and become more convenient in relation to the distance range and recharging time. This paper discusses the problems of energy consumption simulations for electric vehicles using different software packages to provide ideas on how to make this process more precise, which can help engineers create better energy management strategies for electric vehicles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicles" title="electric vehicles">electric vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EV" title=" EV"> EV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20consumption" title=" power consumption"> power consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20management" title=" power management"> power management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17216/advanced-simulation-of-power-consumption-of-electric-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">515</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1695</span> Reactive Power Control with Plug-In Electric Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20Dastori">Mostafa Dastori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sirus%20Mohammadi"> Sirus Mohammadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) potentially have the capability to fulfill the energy storage needs of the electric grid, the degradation on the battery during this operation makes it less preferable by the auto manufacturers and consumers. On the other hand, the on-board chargers can also supply energy storage system applications such as reactive power compensation, voltage regulation, and power factor correction without the need of engaging the battery with the grid and thereby preserving its lifetime. It presents the design motives of single-phase on-board chargers in detail and makes a classiﬁcation of the chargers based on their future vehicle-to-grid usage. The pros and cons of each different ac–dc topology are discussed to shed light on their suit- ability for reactive power support. This paper also presents and analyzes the differences between charging-only operation and capacitive reactive power operation that results in increased demand from the dc-link capacitor (more charge/discharge cycles and in- creased second harmonic ripple current). Moreover, battery state of charge is spared from losses during reactive power operation, but converter output power must be limited below its rated power rating to have the same stress on the dc-link capacitor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20storage%20system" title="energy storage system">energy storage system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery%20unit" title=" battery unit"> battery unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost" title=" cost"> cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20sizing" title=" optimal sizing"> optimal sizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plug-in%20electric%20vehicles%20%28PEVs%29" title=" plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs)"> plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20grid" title=" smart grid"> smart grid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44195/reactive-power-control-with-plug-in-electric-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44195.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1694</span> Localising Gauss’s Law and the Electric Charge Induction on a Conducting Sphere</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sirapat%20Lookrak">Sirapat Lookrak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anol%20Paisal"> Anol Paisal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Space debris has numerous manifestations, including ferro-metalize and non-ferrous. The electric field will induce negative charges to split from positive charges inside the space debris. In this research, we focus only on conducting materials. The assumption is that the electric charge density of a conducting surface is proportional to the electric field on that surface due to Gauss's Law. We are trying to find the induced charge density from an external electric field perpendicular to a conducting spherical surface. An object is a sphere on which the external electric field is not uniform. The electric field is, therefore, considered locally. The localised spherical surface is a tangent plane, so the Gaussian surface is a very small cylinder, and every point on a spherical surface has its own cylinder. The electric field from a circular electrode has been calculated in near-field and far-field approximation and shown Explanation Touchless maneuvering space debris orbit properties. The electric charge density calculation from a near-field and far-field approximation is done. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near-field%20approximation" title="near-field approximation">near-field approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=far-field%20approximation" title=" far-field approximation"> far-field approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=localized%20Gauss%E2%80%99s%20law" title=" localized Gauss’s law"> localized Gauss’s law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20charge%20density" title=" electric charge density"> electric charge density</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150159/localising-gausss-law-and-the-electric-charge-induction-on-a-conducting-sphere" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150159.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1693</span> Electric Propulsion System Development for High Floor Trolley Bus </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asep%20Andi%20Suryandi">Asep Andi Suryandi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katri%20Yulianto"> Katri Yulianto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dewi%20Rianti%20Mandasari"> Dewi Rianti Mandasari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of environmentally friendly vehicles increasingly attracted the attention of almost all countries in the world, including Indonesia. There are various types of environmentally friendly vehicles, such as: electric vehicles, hybrid, and fuel gas. The Electric vehicle has been developed in Indonesia, a private or public vehicle. But many electric vehicles had been developed using the battery as a power source, while the battery technology for electric vehicles still constraints in capacity, dimensions of the battery itself and charging system. Trolley bus is one of the electric buses with the main power source of the network catenary / overhead line with trolley pole as the point of contact. This paper will discuss the design and manufacture electrical system in Trolleybus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trolley%20bus" title="trolley bus">trolley bus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20propulsion%20system" title=" electric propulsion system"> electric propulsion system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title=" design"> design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manufacture" title=" manufacture"> manufacture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicle" title=" electric vehicle"> electric vehicle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71367/electric-propulsion-system-development-for-high-floor-trolley-bus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71367.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1692</span> Customers' Perception towards the Service Marketing Mix and Frequency of Use of Mercedes Benz Automobile Service, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pranee%20Tridhoskul">Pranee Tridhoskul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper is aimed to examine a relationship between the service marketing mix and customers’ frequency of use of service at Mercedes Benz Auto Repair Centres under Thonburi Group, Thailand. Based on 2,267 customers who used the service of Thonburi Group’s Auto Repair Centres as the population, the sampling of this research was a total of 340 samples, by use of Probability Sampling Technique. Systematic Random Sampling was applied by use of questionnaire in collecting the data at Thonburi Group’s Auto Repair Centres. Mean and Pearson’s basic statistical correlations were utilized in analyzing the data. The study discovered a medium level of customers’ perception towards product and service of Thonburi Group’s Auto Repair Centres, price, place or distribution channel and promotion. People who provided service were perceived also at a medium level, whereas the physical evidence and service process were perceived at a high level. Furthermore, there appeared a correlation between the physical evidence and service process, and customers’ frequency of use of automobile service per year. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20marketing%20mix" title="service marketing mix">service marketing mix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior" title=" behavior"> behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mercedes%20Auto%20Service%20Centre" title=" Mercedes Auto Service Centre"> Mercedes Auto Service Centre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20of%20use" title=" frequency of use"> frequency of use</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8130/customers-perception-towards-the-service-marketing-mix-and-frequency-of-use-of-mercedes-benz-automobile-service-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8130.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1691</span> Mechanic and Thermal Analysis on an 83 kW Electric Motorcycle: A First-Principles Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mart%C3%ADn%20Felipe%20Garc%C3%ADa%20Romero">Martín Felipe García Romero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nancy%20Mondrag%C3%B3n%20Escamilla"> Nancy Mondragón Escamilla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismael%20Araujo%20Vargas"> Ismael Araujo Vargas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viviana%20Basurto%20Rios"> Viviana Basurto Rios</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20Cano%20Pulido"> Kevin Cano Pulido</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20Enrique%20Vel%C3%A1zquez%20Elisondo"> Pedro Enrique Velázquez Elisondo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a preliminary prototype of an 83 kW all-electric motorbike since, nowadays, electric motorbikes have advanced drastically in their technology in such a way that lately, there has been a boom in the field of competition of medium power electric vehicles. The field of electric vehicle racing mainly pursues the aim of obtaining an optimal performance of all the motorbike components in order to obtain a safe racing vehicle fast enough while looking for the stability of all the systems onboard. A general description of the project is given up to date, detailing the parts of the system, integration, numerical estimations, and a rearrangement proposal of the actual prototype with the aim to mechanically and thermally improve the vehicle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20motorcycle" title="electric motorcycle">electric motorcycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20analysis" title=" thermal analysis"> thermal analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanic%20analysis" title=" mechanic analysis"> mechanic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicle" title=" electric vehicle"> electric vehicle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157620/mechanic-and-thermal-analysis-on-an-83-kw-electric-motorcycle-a-first-principles-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157620.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1690</span> Modelling and Technical Assessment of Multi-Motor for Electric Vehicle Drivetrains by Using Electric Differential</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Abdel-Monem">Mohamed Abdel-Monem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gamal%20Sowilam"> Gamal Sowilam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Hegazy"> Omar Hegazy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a technical assessment of an electric vehicle with two independent rear-wheel motor and an improved traction control system. The electric differential and the control strategy have been implemented to assure that in a straight trajectory, the two rear-wheels run exactly at the same speed, considering the same/different road conditions under the left and right side of the wheels. In case of turning to right/left, the difference between the two rear-wheels speeds assures a vehicle trajectory without sliding, thanks to a harmony between the electric differential and the control strategy. The present article demonstrates a complete model and analysis of a traction control system, considering four different traction scenarios, for two independent rear-wheels motors for electric vehicles. Furthermore, the vehicle model, including wheel dynamics, load forces, electric differential, and control strategy, is designed and verified by using MATLAB/Simulink environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicle" title="electric vehicle">electric vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20saving" title=" energy saving"> energy saving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-motor" title=" multi-motor"> multi-motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20differential" title=" electric differential"> electric differential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20and%20control" title=" simulation and control"> simulation and control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90576/modelling-and-technical-assessment-of-multi-motor-for-electric-vehicle-drivetrains-by-using-electric-differential" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90576.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1689</span> Auto-Tuning of CNC Parameters According to the Machining Mode Selection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jenq-Shyong%20Chen">Jenq-Shyong Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben-Fong%20Yu"> Ben-Fong Yu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> CNC(computer numerical control) machining centers have been widely used for machining different metal components for various industries. For a specific CNC machine, its everyday job is assigned to cut different products with quite different attributes such as material type, workpiece weight, geometry, tooling, and cutting conditions. Theoretically, the dynamic characteristics of the CNC machine should be properly tuned match each machining job in order to get the optimal machining performance. However, most of the CNC machines are set with only a standard set of CNC parameters. In this study, we have developed an auto-tuning system which can automatically change the CNC parameters and in hence change the machine dynamic characteristics according to the selection of machining modes which are set by the mixed combination of three machine performance indexes: the HO (high surface quality) index, HP (high precision) index and HS (high speed) index. The acceleration, jerk, corner error tolerance, oscillation and dynamic bandwidth of machine’s feed axes have been changed according to the selection of the machine performance indexes. The proposed auto-tuning system of the CNC parameters has been implemented on a PC-based CNC controller and a three-axis machining center. The measured experimental result have shown the promising of our proposed auto-tuning system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auto-tuning" title="auto-tuning">auto-tuning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNC%20parameters" title=" CNC parameters"> CNC parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machining%20mode" title=" machining mode"> machining mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20speed" title=" high speed"> high speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20accuracy" title=" high accuracy"> high accuracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20surface%20quality" title=" high surface quality"> high surface quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26213/auto-tuning-of-cnc-parameters-according-to-the-machining-mode-selection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26213.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1688</span> The LIP’s Electric Propulsion Development for Chinese Spacecraft</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Tianping">Zhang Tianping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jia%20Yanhui"> Jia Yanhui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Juan"> Li Juan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Le"> Yang Le</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Hao"> Yang Hao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Wei"> Yang Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun%20Xiaojing"> Sun Xiaojing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shi%20Kai"> Shi Kai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Xingda"> Li Xingda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun%20Yunkui"> Sun Yunkui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lanzhou Institute of Physics (LIP) is the major supplier of electric propulsion subsystems for Chinese satellite platforms. The development statuses of these electric propulsion subsystems were summarized including the LIPS-200 ion electric propulsion subsystem (IEPS) for DFH-3B platform, the LIPS-300 IEPS for DFH-5 and DFH-4SP platform, the LIPS-200+ IEPS for DFH-4E platform and near-earth asteroid exploration spacecraft, the LIPS-100 IEPS for small satellite platform, the LHT-100 hall electric propulsion subsystem (HEPS) for flight test on XY-2 satellite, the LHT-140 HEPS for large LEO spacecraft, the LIPS-400 IEPS for deep space exploration mission and other EPS for other Chinese spacecraft. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20electric%20propulsion" title="ion electric propulsion">ion electric propulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hall%20electric%20propulsion" title=" hall electric propulsion"> hall electric propulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite%20platform" title=" satellite platform"> satellite platform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LIP" title=" LIP"> LIP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39136/the-lips-electric-propulsion-development-for-chinese-spacecraft" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39136.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">728</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1687</span> Disaggregate Travel Behavior and Transit Shift Analysis for a Transit Deficient Metropolitan City </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sultan%20Ahmad%20Azizi">Sultan Ahmad Azizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaurang%20J.%20Joshi"> Gaurang J. Joshi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban transportation has come to lime light in recent times due to deteriorating travel quality. The economic growth of India has boosted significant rise in private vehicle ownership in cities, whereas public transport systems have largely been ignored in metropolitan cities. Even though there is latent demand for public transport systems like organized bus services, most of the metropolitan cities have unsustainably low share of public transport. Unfortunately, Indian metropolitan cities have failed to maintain balance in mode share of various travel modes in absence of timely introduction of mass transit system of required capacity and quality. As a result, personalized travel modes like two wheelers have become principal modes of travel, which cause significant environmental, safety and health hazard to the citizens. Of late, the policy makers have realized the need to improve public transport system in metro cities for sustaining the development. However, the challenge to the transit planning authorities is to design a transit system for cities that may attract people to switch over from their existing and rather convenient mode of travel to the transit system under the influence of household socio-economic characteristics and the given travel pattern. In this context, the fast-growing industrial city of Surat is taken up as a case for the study of likely shift to bus transit. Deterioration of public transport system of bus after 1998, has led to tremendous growth in two-wheeler traffic on city roads. The inadequate and poor service quality of present bus transit has failed to attract the riders and correct the mode use balance in the city. The disaggregate travel behavior for trip generations and the travel mode choice has been studied for the West Adajan residential sector of city. Mode specific utility functions are calibrated under multi-nominal logit environment for two-wheeler, cars and auto rickshaws with respect to bus transit using SPSS. Estimation of shift to bus transit is carried indicate an average 30% of auto rickshaw users and nearly 5% of 2W users are likely to shift to bus transit if service quality is improved. However, car users are not expected to shift to bus transit system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bus%20transit" title="bus transit">bus transit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disaggregate%20travel%20nehavior" title=" disaggregate travel nehavior"> disaggregate travel nehavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mode%20choice%20Behavior" title=" mode choice Behavior"> mode choice Behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20transport" title=" public transport "> public transport </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124466/disaggregate-travel-behavior-and-transit-shift-analysis-for-a-transit-deficient-metropolitan-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1686</span> Self-Tuning Robot Control Based on Subspace Identification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathias%20Marquardt">Mathias Marquardt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20D%C3%BCnow"> Peter Dünow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandra%20Ba%C3%9Fler"> Sandra Baßler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper describes the use of subspace based identification methods for auto tuning of a state space control system. The plant is an unstable but self balancing transport robot. Because of the unstable character of the process it has to be identified from closed loop input-output data. Based on the identified model a state space controller combined with an observer is calculated. The subspace identification algorithm and the controller design procedure is combined to a auto tuning method. The capability of the approach was verified in a simulation experiments under different process conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auto%20tuning" title="auto tuning">auto tuning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=balanced%20robot" title=" balanced robot"> balanced robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=closed%20loop%20identification" title=" closed loop identification"> closed loop identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subspace%20identification" title=" subspace identification"> subspace identification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49108/self-tuning-robot-control-based-on-subspace-identification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49108.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1685</span> Magnetic Properties of Sr-Ferrite Nano-Powder Synthesized by Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Method </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ghobeiti-Hasab">M. Ghobeiti-Hasab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Shariati"> Z. Shariati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, strontium ferrite (SrO.6Fe2O3) was synthesized by the sol-gel auto-combustion process. The thermal behavior of powder obtained from self-propagating combustion of initial gel was evaluated by simultaneous differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermo gravimetric (TG), from room temperature to 1200°C. The as-burnt powder was calcined at various temperatures from 700-900°C to achieve the single-phase Sr-ferrite. Phase composition, morphology and magnetic properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) techniques. Results showed that the single-phase and nano-sized hexagonal strontium ferrite particles were formed at calcination temperature of 800°C with crystallite size of 27 nm and coercivity of 6238 Oe. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hard%20magnet" title="hard magnet">hard magnet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sr-ferrite" title=" Sr-ferrite"> Sr-ferrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel%20auto-combustion" title=" sol-gel auto-combustion"> sol-gel auto-combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-powder" title=" nano-powder"> nano-powder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13710/magnetic-properties-of-sr-ferrite-nano-powder-synthesized-by-sol-gel-auto-combustion-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13710.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1684</span> Volume Density of Power of Multivector Electric Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aldan%20A.%20Sapargaliyev">Aldan A. Sapargaliyev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yerbol%20A.%20Sapargaliyev"> Yerbol A. Sapargaliyev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since the invention, the electric machine (EM) can be defined as oEM – one-vector electric machine, as it works due to one-vector inductive coupling with use of one-vector electromagnet. The disadvantages of oEM are large size and limited efficiency at low and medium power applications. This paper describes multi-vector electric machine (mEM) based on multi-vector inductive coupling, which is characterized by the increased surface area of the inductive coupling per EM volume, with a reduced share of inefficient and energy-consuming part of the winding, in comparison with oEM’s. Particularly, it is considered, calculated and compared the performance of three different electrical motors and their power at the same volumes and rotor frequencies. It is also presented the result of calculation of correlation between power density and volume for oEM and mEM. The method of multi-vector inductive coupling enables mEM to possess 1.5-4.0 greater density of power per volume and significantly higher efficiency, in comparison with today’s oEM, especially in low and medium power applications. mEM has distinct advantages, when used in transport vehicles such as electric cars and aircrafts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20machine" title="electric machine">electric machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20motor" title=" electric motor"> electric motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnet" title=" electromagnet"> electromagnet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency%20of%20electric%20motor" title=" efficiency of electric motor"> efficiency of electric motor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67282/volume-density-of-power-of-multivector-electric-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1683</span> Impact of Iron Doping on Induction Heating during Spark Plasma Sintering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hua%20Tan">Hua Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Salamon"> David Salamon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, γ-Al2O3 powders doped with various amounts of iron were sintered via SPS process. Two heating modes – auto and manual mode were applied to observe the role of electrical induction on heating. Temperature, electric current, and pulse pattern were experimented with grade iron γ-Al2O3 powders. Phase transformation of γ to α -Al2O3 serves as a direct indicator of internal temperature, independently on measured outside temperature. That pulsing in SPS is also able to induce internal heating due to its strong electromagnetic field when dopants are conductive metals (e.g., iron) is proofed during SPS. Density and microstructure were investigated to explain the mechanism of induction heating. In addition, the role of electric pulsing and strong electromagnetic field on internal heating (induction heating) were compared and discussed. Internal heating by iron doping within electrically nonconductive samples is able to decrease sintering temperature and save energy, furthermore it is one explanation for unique features of this material fabrication technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma%20sintering" title="spark plasma sintering">spark plasma sintering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20heating" title=" induction heating"> induction heating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alumina" title=" alumina"> alumina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54836/impact-of-iron-doping-on-induction-heating-during-spark-plasma-sintering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54836.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1682</span> Design and Simulation on Technology Capabilities in Developing countries, Design and Engineering Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Abedi">S. Abedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Soroush"> M. R. Soroush</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mousakhani"> M. Mousakhani </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to studies in the field of technology capabilities we identify the most important indicators to evaluate the level of "Design and Engineering" capabilities. Since the technology development correlates with the level of technology capabilities trying to promote its key importance. In this research by using FDM, the right combination of D&E capabilities indicators according to the auto industry is presented. Finally, with modeling evaluation of D&E capabilities by using FIS and check its reliability, five levels were determined to evaluate the D&E capabilities. We have analyzed 80 companies in auto industry and determined D&E capabilities of each level. Field of company activity indicators has been divided into four categories, Suspension group, Electrical group, Engine groups and trims group. The results show that half of the surveyed companies had D&E capabilities in Level 1 and 2 or in other words very low and low level of D&E. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20countries" title="developing countries">developing countries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D%26E%20capabilities" title=" D&E capabilities"> D&E capabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20capabilities" title=" technology capabilities"> technology capabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auto%20industry" title=" auto industry"> auto industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26002/design-and-simulation-on-technology-capabilities-in-developing-countries-design-and-engineering-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26002.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">535</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1681</span> Experimental Validation of a Mathematical Model for Sizing End-of-Production-Line Test Benches for Electric Motors of Electric Vehicle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emiliano%20Lustrissimi">Emiliano Lustrissimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bonifacio%20Bianco"> Bonifacio Bianco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sebastiano%20Caravaggi"> Sebastiano Caravaggi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonio%20Rosato"> Antonio Rosato</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A mathematical framework has been designed to enhance the configuration of an end-of-production-line (EOL) test bench. This system can be used to assess the performance of electric motors or axles intended for electric vehicles. The model has been developed to predict the behaviour of EOL test benches and electric motors/axles under various boundary conditions, eliminating the need for extensive physical testing and reducing the corresponding power consumption. The suggested model is versatile, capable of being utilized across various types of electric motors or axles, and adaptable to accommodate varying power ratings of electric motors or axles. The maximum performance to be guaranteed by the EMs according to the car maker's specifications are taken as inputs in the model. Then, the required performance of each main EOL test bench component is calculated, and the corresponding systems available on the market are selected based on manufacturers’ catalogues. In this study, an EOL test bench has been designed according to the proposed model outputs for testing a low-power (about 22 kW) electric axle. The performance of the designed EOL test bench has been measured and used to validate the proposed model and assess both the consistency of the constraints as well as the accuracy of predictions in terms of electric demands. The comparison between experimental and predicted data exhibited a reasonable agreement, allowing to demonstrate that, despite some discrepancies, the model gives an accurate representation of the EOL test benches' performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20motors" title="electric motors">electric motors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicles" title=" electric vehicles"> electric vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=end-of-production-line%20test%20bench" title=" end-of-production-line test bench"> end-of-production-line test bench</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20model" title=" mathematical model"> mathematical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20tests" title=" field tests"> field tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185756/experimental-validation-of-a-mathematical-model-for-sizing-end-of-production-line-test-benches-for-electric-motors-of-electric-vehicle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185756.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">50</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1680</span> Karachi Electric Power Technical and Financial Performance Evaluation after Privatization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fawad%20Azeem">Fawad Azeem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the comparative analysis of Karachi Electric before and after privatization. Technical as well as financial analysis has been done based on the available KE’s stats for last decade. Karachi Electric has evolved as a better entity in terms of its financial and technical achievements. On the other hand, human resources have been seriously affected due to mass firing of employees from the organizations. Study and analysis show that transparent and unbiased privatization practices on institutions like KE that were in serious trouble can upsurge the standards of the institution. Further, for the betterment of the social circle privatization must not affect the employment opportunities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karachi%20Electric" title="Karachi Electric">Karachi Electric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power" title=" power"> power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=privatization" title=" privatization"> privatization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63939/karachi-electric-power-technical-and-financial-performance-evaluation-after-privatization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1679</span> New Series Input Parallel Output LLC DC/DC Converter with the Input Voltage Balancing Capacitor for the Electric System of Electric Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang%20Hyun%20Yi">Kang Hyun Yi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a new parallel output LLC DC/DC converter for electric vehicle. The electric vehicle has two batteries. One is a high voltage battery for the powertrain of the vehicle and the other is a low voltage battery for the vehicle electric system. The low voltage is charged from the high voltage battery and the high voltage input and the high current output DC/DC converter is needed. Therefore, the new LLC converter with the input voltage compensation is proposed for the high voltage input and the low voltage output DC/DC converter. The proposed circuit has two LLC converters with the series input voltage from the battery for the powertrain and the parallel output low battery voltage for the vehicle electric system because the battery voltage for the powertrain and the electric power for the vehicle become high. Also, the input series voltage compensation capacitor is used for balancing the input current in the two LLC converters. The proposed converter has an equal electric stress of the semiconductor parts and the reactive components, high efficiency and good heat dissipation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicle" title="electric vehicle">electric vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LLC%20DC%2FDC%20converter" title=" LLC DC/DC converter"> LLC DC/DC converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=input%20voltage%20balancing" title=" input voltage balancing"> input voltage balancing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20output" title=" parallel output"> parallel output</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31896/new-series-input-parallel-output-llc-dcdc-converter-with-the-input-voltage-balancing-capacitor-for-the-electric-system-of-electric-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31896.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1051</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1678</span> Weak Electric Fields Enhance Growth and Nutritional Quality of Kale</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=So-Ra%20Lee">So-Ra Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myung-Min%20Oh"> Myung-Min Oh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Generally, plants growing on the earth are under the influence of natural electric fields and may even require exposure of the electric field to survive. Electric signals have been observed within plants and seem to play an important role on various metabolic processes, but their role is not fully understood. In this study, we attempted to explore the response of plants under external electric fields in kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala). The plants were hydroponically grown for 28 days in a plant factory. Electric currents at 10, 50 and 100 mA were supplied to nutrient solution for 3 weeks. Additionally, some of the plants were cultivated in a Faraday cage to remove the natural electric field. Kale plants exposed to electric fields had higher fresh weight than the control and plants in Faraday cage. Absence of electric field caused a significant decrease in shoot dry weight and root growth. Leaf area also showed a similar response with shoot fresh weight. Supplying weak electric stimulation enhanced nutritional quality including total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. This work provides basic information on the effects of electric fields on plants and is a meaningful attempt for developing a new economical technology to increase crop productivity and quality by applying an electric field. This work was supported by Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (IPET) through Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Research Center Support Program, funded by Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) (717001-07-02-HD240). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroculture" title="electroculture">electroculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20signal" title=" electric signal"> electric signal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=faraday%20cage" title=" faraday cage"> faraday cage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20field" title=" electric field"> electric field</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93267/weak-electric-fields-enhance-growth-and-nutritional-quality-of-kale" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1677</span> Employment Opportunities in Automobile Sector-Indian Scenario</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20Sarathe">A. K. Sarathe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20P.%20Patidar"> N. P. Patidar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Indian automobile sector is comprised of independent manufacturers and joint ventures with their foreign counterpart companies by making use of the Foreign Direct Investment policy of the Government of India. These manufacturers started capturing the hearts of Indian customers with their choice of technological and innovative product features, with quality and reliability. This transformed the automobile scene from a “sellers market to buyers market”. The potential benefits from the auto sector have been recognized by the planners, managers, and administrators of both the sectors –government and private. Generation of employment for the readily available technical workforce has been achieved not only through the manufacturers, but also through the growing ancillaries and service providers of the auto industries. The main purpose of this paper is to come up with the identification of possible working areas and associated job functions of mechanical and automobile diploma holders having employment opportunities in auto sector of India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automobile%20sector" title="automobile sector">automobile sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diploma%20holder" title=" diploma holder"> diploma holder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employment" title=" employment"> employment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=job%20description" title=" job description"> job description</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16852/employment-opportunities-in-automobile-sector-indian-scenario" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16852.pdf" 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