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<!doctype html> <html lang="auto"> <head> <base href="https://www.omniglot.com/writing/cham.htm"> <title>Cham alphabet and language</title> <meta name="description" content="Cham is a Chamic language spoken in parts of Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand and Laos by about 318,900 people."> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WB7PSHBG');</script> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.omniglot.com/images/logos/omniglot_thumbnail.jpg"> <meta property="og:type" content="https://www.facebook.com/pg/Omniglot-100430558332117/posts/"> <link href="/styles/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <script src="https://the.gatekeeperconsent.com/cmp.min.js" data-cfasync="false"></script> <script async src="//www.ezojs.com/ezoic/sa.min.js"></script> <script> window.ezstandalone = window.ezstandalone || {}; 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}); </script></span> <div id="body"> <h1>Cham (ꨀꨇꩉ ꨌꩌ / Akhar Cam)</h1> <p>Cham is a member of the Chamic branch of the Malayo-Polynesian language family. It is spoken by about 318,900 people, mainly in Cambodia, and also in Vietnam, Thailand and Laos. There are two main varieties of Cham - Western Cham, spoken in Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand and Laos, and Eastern Cham, spoken in Vietnam. The two varieties have much in common, but are not mutually intelligible. Speakers of the former tend to use the Arabic alphabet, while some speakers of the latter still use the Cham alphabet. During the French colonial period, both Cham communities had to use the Latin alphabet.</p> <h2>Western Cham</h2> <p>In 2009 there were 204,000 speakers of Western Cham in Cambodia, particularly in Kampong Cham and Tbong Khmum provinces. There were about 25,000 Western Cham speakers in Vietnam in 2007, mainly in An Giang and Tay Ninh provinces and in Ho Chi Minh city. There are about 4,000 speakers of Western Cham in Thailand, mainly in Krung Thep province, and also in Bangkok. There are also about 340 Western Cham speakers in Savannahkhet province of Laos.</p> <h2>Eastern Cham</h2> <p>In 2007 there were about 72,900 speakers of Eastern Cham in Vietnam, mainly in Binh Thuan, Dong Nai and Ninh Thuan provinces, and in Ho Chi Minh city.</p> <h2>Cham alphabet</h2> <p>The Cham alphabet developed from India's early <a href="https://www-omniglot-com.translate.goog/writing/brahmi.htm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Brahmi script</a>. The earliest known inscriptions in the Cham alphabet date from the first millennium AD.</p> <h2>Notable features</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www-omniglot-com.translate.goog/writing/types.htm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Type of writing system</a>: <a href="https://www-omniglot-com.translate.goog/writing/abugidas.htm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Abugida / Syllabic Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-omniglot-com.translate.goog/writing/direction.htm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Writing direction</a>: left to right in horizontal lines</li> </ul> <h2><a id="eastern"></a>Eastern (Vietnamese) Cham</h2> <p>Vowels and Diphthongs<br><img src="../images/writing/vietcham1.gif" width="561" height="405" alt="Vietnamese Cham vowels and diphthongs"></p> <p>Consonants<br><img src="../images/writing/vietcham2.gif" width="596" height="928" alt="Vietnamese Cham consonants"></p> <p>Numerals<br><img src="../images/writing/vietcham3.gif" width="564" height="111" alt="Vietnamese Cham numerals"></p> <h2><a id="western"></a>Western (Cambodian) Cham</h2> <p>Vowel and vowel diacritics<br><img src="../images/writing/camcham_vwl.gif" width="462" height="176" alt="Cambodian Cham vowels and vowel diacritics"></p> <p>Consonants<br><img src="../images/writing/camcham_cons.gif" width="508" height="287" alt="Cambodian Cham consonants"></p> <p>Numerals<br><img src="../images/writing/camcham_num.gif" width="501" height="66" alt="Cambodian Cham numerals"></p> <p><em>The Cham fonts used on this page were created by Jason Glavy</em></p> <h2>Sample text in Eastern Cham</h2> <p><img src="../images/langsamples/smp_cham.gif" width="600" height="241" alt="Sample text in Cham (Genesis 1: 1-5)"></p> <h3>Transliteration</h3> <ol> <li>Dahlaong di dihrai, PPO LINGIK pajieng lingik saong baoh tanâh.</li> <li>PPO LINGIK pajieng baoh tanâh saong aia, min oh hu cek, oh hu patuw, oh hu kayau, daok lit-tapin, xup-palup. Blaoh binguk-yawa PPO LINGIK nao ngaok dalah aia.</li> <li>PPO LINGIK ndom lac: "Ita pajieng hadah-dai". Mblaoh hu hadak.</li> <li>PPO LINGIK mboh truk hadah nan siam.</li> <li>PPO nâh hadah tabiak truk di xup, jieng hu tuk hadah nan harei thandaom xup nan matam. PPO ngaok abih truk nan xalam sa harei min nan harei sa.</li> </ol> <p><em>Source: <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.language-museum.com/">Language Museum</a></em></p> <h3>Translation</h3> <ol> <li>In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.</li> <li>And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.</li> <li>And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.</li> <li>And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness.</li> <li>And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day.</li> </ol> <p><em>Genesis 1: 1-5. Source: <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search%3DGenesis%2B1%26version%3DKJV">Bible Gateway</a></em></p> <h2>Sample video in Cham</h2> <div class="intrinsic-container intrinsic-container-16x9"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/925e9KCSjxg" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> <p class="info"><a href="https://www-omniglot-com.translate.goog/writing/cham.htm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Information about Cham</a> | <a href="https://www-omniglot-com.translate.goog/language/numbers/cham.htm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Numbers</a></p> <h2>Links</h2> <p>Information about Cham<br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cham_language">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cham_language</a><br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cham_script">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cham_script</a><br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/cja">https://www.ethnologue.com/language/cja</a><br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/cjm/22">https://www.ethnologue.com/language/cjm/22</a><br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.everyculture.com/wc/Tajikistan-to-Zimbabwe/Cham.html">https://www.everyculture.com/wc/Tajikistan-to-Zimbabwe/Cham.html</a><br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kauthara.org/cham-lesson">https://kauthara.org/cham-lesson</a></p> <h2>Chamic languages</h2> <p><a href="https://www-omniglot-com.translate.goog/writing/acehnese.htm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Acehnese</a>, <a href="https://www-omniglot-com.translate.goog/writing/cham.htm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Cham</a>, <a href="https://www-omniglot-com.translate.goog/writing/chru.htm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Chru</a>, <a href="https://www-omniglot-com.translate.goog/writing/haroi.htm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Haroi</a>, <a href="https://www-omniglot-com.translate.goog/writing/jarai.htm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Jarai</a>, <a href="https://www-omniglot-com.translate.goog/writing/rade.htm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Rade</a></p> <h2><a href="https://www-omniglot-com.translate.goog/writing/abugidas.htm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Abugidas / Syllabic alphabets</a></h2> <p><a href="https://www-omniglot-com.translate.goog/writing/ahom.htm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Ahom</a>, <a href="https://www-omniglot-com.translate.goog/writing/aima.htm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Aima</a>, <a 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