CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Tityridae - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"6a68fe98-8aac-411a-b929-015396c5fe58","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Tityridae","wgTitle":"Tityridae","wgCurRevisionId":1268679629,"wgRevisionId":1268679629,"wgArticleId":14666716,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles with 'species' microformats","Commons category link from Wikidata","Tityridae","Bird families","Tyranni","Taxa named by George Robert Gray"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Tityridae","wgRelevantArticleId":14666716,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[], "wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1069958","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={ "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions", "wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.18"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Pachyramphus_castaneus.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1432"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Pachyramphus_castaneus.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="954"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Pachyramphus_castaneus.jpg/640px-Pachyramphus_castaneus.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="763"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Tityridae - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tityridae"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Tityridae&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tityridae"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Tityridae rootpage-Tityridae skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Tityridae" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Tityridae" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Tityridae" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Tityridae" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Taxonomy_and_systematics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomy_and_systematics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Taxonomy and systematics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taxonomy_and_systematics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Taxonomy and systematics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy_and_systematics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tityridae</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="رصاديات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رصاديات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tityridae" title="Tityridae – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Tityridae" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tityridae" title="Tityridae – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tityridae" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tit%C3%ADrids" title="Titírids – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Titírids" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrozobkovit%C3%AD" title="Ostrozobkovití – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ostrozobkovití" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bekarden" title="Bekarden – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bekarden" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1%C3%A1dziilii_d%C3%B3%C3%B3_bik%CA%BC%C3%A9%C3%AD" title="Dáádziilii dóó bikʼéí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dáádziilii dóó bikʼéí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tityridae" title="Tityridae – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tityridae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titiredoj" title="Titiredoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Titiredoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tityridae" title="Tityridae – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tityridae" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کدرمرغان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کدرمرغان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tityridae" title="Tityridae – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tityridae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%ED%8B%B0%EB%9D%BC%EC%83%88%EA%B3%BC" title="타이티라새과 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="타이티라새과" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tityridae" title="Tityridae – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tityridae" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tityridae" title="Tityridae – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tityridae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="טיטירדיים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טיטירדיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proklavu_(Tityridae)" title="Proklavu (Tityridae) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Proklavu (Tityridae)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93" title="Титира йишвлӓ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Титира йишвлӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tityridae" title="Tityridae – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tityridae" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="رصاديات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رصاديات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tityridae" title="Tityridae – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tityridae" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AD%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E7%A7%91" title="ハグロドリ科 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハグロドリ科" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tityrafamilien" title="Tityrafamilien – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tityrafamilien" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bekardowate" title="Bekardowate – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bekardowate" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titir%C3%ADdeos" title="Titirídeos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Titirídeos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Титировые – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Титировые" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tityrat" title="Tityrat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tityrat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tityror" title="Tityror – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tityror" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tityridae" title="Tityridae – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tityridae" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Бекардові – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бекардові" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tityridae" title="Tityridae – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tityridae" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%8E%E9%9C%B8%E9%B9%9F%E7%A7%91" title="南美霸鹟科 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="南美霸鹟科" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1069958#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tityridae" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Tityridae" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tityridae"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tityridae&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tityridae&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tityridae"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tityridae&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tityridae&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Tityridae" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Tityridae" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tityridae&oldid=1268679629" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tityridae&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Tityridae&id=1268679629&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTityridae"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTityridae"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tityridae&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tityridae&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tityridae" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tityridae" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1069958" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Family of birds</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Tityridae </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pachyramphus_castaneus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Pachyramphus_castaneus.jpg/220px-Pachyramphus_castaneus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Pachyramphus_castaneus.jpg/330px-Pachyramphus_castaneus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Pachyramphus_castaneus.jpg/440px-Pachyramphus_castaneus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="793" data-file-height="946" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><a href="/wiki/Chestnut-crowned_becard" title="Chestnut-crowned becard">Chestnut-crowned becard</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Tityridae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Aves</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">Passeriformes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Parvorder: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tyrannida" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrannida">Tyrannida</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tityridae</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/George_Robert_Gray" title="George Robert Gray">Gray, GR</a>, 1840</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Genera </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p>See text </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tityridae_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Tityridae_map.svg/220px-Tityridae_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Tityridae_map.svg/330px-Tityridae_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Tityridae_map.svg/440px-Tityridae_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <table style="border: 1px solid #ccc; vertical-align: middle; width: 248px; margin:0.2em 0 0.2em 1em; float:right; clear:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border: 0; padding: 0;">Tityridae phylogeny </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 5px"> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261294616">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto;display:table}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf p{padding-right:5px;padding-left:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:90%;line-height:50%;width:200px;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><b>Tityridae</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Oxyruncinae </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Oxyruncus" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxyruncus">Oxyruncus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Onychorhynchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Onychorhynchus">Onychorhynchus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Myiobius" title="Myiobius">Myiobius</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Terenotriccus" class="mw-redirect" title="Terenotriccus">Terenotriccus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">Tityrinae </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Schiffornis" title="Schiffornis">Schiffornis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Laniisoma" title="Laniisoma">Laniisoma</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Laniocera" title="Laniocera">Laniocera</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Iodopleura" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodopleura">Iodopleura</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Tityra" title="Tityra">Tityra</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Xenopsaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenopsaris">Xenopsaris</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pachyramphus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pachyramphus">Pachyramphus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; font-size: 88%; border: 0; padding: 0;">Cladogram of the genera in Tityridae based on the results of Tello and colleagues published in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tityridae</b> is family of <a href="/wiki/Suboscine" class="mw-redirect" title="Suboscine">suboscine</a> <a href="/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">passerine</a> birds found in forest and woodland in the <a href="/wiki/Neotropics" class="mw-redirect" title="Neotropics">Neotropics</a>. The 45 species in this family were formerly spread over the families <a href="/wiki/Tyrannidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrannidae">Tyrannidae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pipridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipridae">Pipridae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cotingidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cotingidae">Cotingidae</a> (<i>see <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Taxonomy</a></i>). As yet, no widely accepted <a href="/wiki/Common_name" title="Common name">common name</a> exists for the family, although <b>tityras and allies</b> and <b>tityras, mourners and allies</b> have been used. They are small to medium-sized birds. Under current classification, the family ranges in size from the <a href="/wiki/Buff-throated_purpletuft" title="Buff-throated purpletuft">buff-throated purpletuft</a>, at 9.5 cm (3.7 in) and 10 grams (0.35 ounces), to the <a href="/wiki/Masked_tityra" title="Masked tityra">masked tityra</a>, at up to 24 cm (9.5 in) and 88 grams (3.1 ounces).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most have relatively short tails and large heads. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy_and_systematics">Taxonomy and systematics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tityridae&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Taxonomy and systematics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The family Tityridae (as the subfamily Tityrinae) containing the genera <i>Tityra</i> and <i>Pachyramphus</i> was introduced by the English zoologist <a href="/wiki/George_Robert_Gray" title="George Robert Gray">George Robert Gray</a> in 1840.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditionally, the <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Laniocera" title="Laniocera">Laniocera</a></i> was included in the family <a href="/wiki/Tyrannidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrannidae">Tyrannidae</a>, the genera <i><a href="/wiki/Iodopleura" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodopleura">Iodopleura</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Laniisoma" title="Laniisoma">Laniisoma</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tityra" title="Tityra">Tityra</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pachyramphus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pachyramphus">Pachyramphus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Xenopsaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenopsaris">Xenopsaris</a></i> were included in the family <a href="/wiki/Cotingidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cotingidae">Cotingidae</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Schiffornis" title="Schiffornis">Schiffornis</a></i> was included in the family <a href="/wiki/Pipridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipridae">Pipridae</a>. Three of these genera, <i>Tityra</i>, <i>Pachyramphus</i> and <i>Xenopsaris</i>, were later moved to Tyrannidae based on the morphology of their <a href="/wiki/Skull" title="Skull">skull</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syrinx" title="Syrinx">syrinx</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The existence of the family Tityridae (although simply treated as a <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a>) was first proposed in 1989 based on the morphology of several syringeal and <a href="/wiki/Skeletal" class="mw-redirect" title="Skeletal">skeletal</a> features.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The existence of this family has later been confirmed by multiple studies involving both <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA" title="Mitochondrial DNA">mitochondrial DNA</a> and <a href="/wiki/NDNA" class="mw-redirect" title="NDNA">nuclear DNA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ericson2006_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ericson2006-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ohlson2007_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ohlson2007-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chesser2004_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chesser2004-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Johansson2002_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johansson2002-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Prum2000_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prum2000-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evidence suggests there are two <a href="/wiki/Basal_(phylogenetics)" title="Basal (phylogenetics)">basal</a> <a href="/wiki/Clades" class="mw-redirect" title="Clades">clades</a> within this family, the first including the genera <i>Schiffornis</i>, <i>Laniocera</i>, and <i>Laniisoma</i> (with strong <a href="/wiki/Bootstrapping_(statistics)" title="Bootstrapping (statistics)">bootstrap support</a>), and the second include <i>Iodopleura</i>, <i>Tityra</i>, <i>Xenopsaris</i>, and <i>Pachyramphus</i> (with poor bootstrap support).<sup id="cite_ref-Barber2007_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barber2007-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Molecular_phylogenetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Molecular phylogenetic">molecular phylogenetic</a> study of passerine families published in 2019 sampled species from five genera in Tityridae. The resulting tree indicates that if the family Tityridae is defined to include the genera <i><a href="/wiki/Oxyruncus" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxyruncus">Oxyruncus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Myiobius" title="Myiobius">Myiobius</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Onychorhynchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Onychorhynchus">Onychorhynchus</a></i> then it becomes <a href="/wiki/Paraphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphyletic">paraphyletic</a>: a clade containing the genera <i><a href="/wiki/Tityra" title="Tityra">Tityra</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Schiffornis" title="Schiffornis">Schiffornis</a></i> is <a href="/wiki/Basal_(phylogenetics)" title="Basal (phylogenetics)">basal</a> to a clade that contains the genera <i>Oxyruncus</i>, <i>Myiobius</i>, <i>Onychorhynchus</i> and the family <a href="/wiki/Tyrannidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrannidae">Tyrannidae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Species">Species</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tityridae&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The family contains 46 species divided into 11 genera:<sup id="cite_ref-ioc_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioc-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Image</th> <th>Genus</th> <th>Living Species </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sharpbill_(upright).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Sharpbill_%28upright%29.jpg/175px-Sharpbill_%28upright%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Sharpbill_%28upright%29.jpg/263px-Sharpbill_%28upright%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Sharpbill_%28upright%29.jpg/350px-Sharpbill_%28upright%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="1216" /></a></span></td> <td><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oxyruncus" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxyruncus">Oxyruncus</a></b></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Temminck, 1820</span></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharpbill" title="Sharpbill">Sharpbill</a> (<i>Oxyruncus cristatus</i>)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Onychorhynchus_swainsoni_-_Atlantic_Royal_Flycatcher_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Onychorhynchus_swainsoni_-_Atlantic_Royal_Flycatcher_02.jpg/175px-Onychorhynchus_swainsoni_-_Atlantic_Royal_Flycatcher_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Onychorhynchus_swainsoni_-_Atlantic_Royal_Flycatcher_02.jpg/263px-Onychorhynchus_swainsoni_-_Atlantic_Royal_Flycatcher_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Onychorhynchus_swainsoni_-_Atlantic_Royal_Flycatcher_02.jpg/350px-Onychorhynchus_swainsoni_-_Atlantic_Royal_Flycatcher_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="979" /></a></span></td> <td><i><b><a href="/wiki/Onychorhynchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Onychorhynchus">Onychorhynchus</a></b></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Fischer von Waldheim, 1810</span></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_royal_flycatcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazonian royal flycatcher">Amazonian royal flycatcher</a> (<i>Onychorhynchus coronatus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_royal_flycatcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern royal flycatcher">Northern royal flycatcher</a> (<i>Onychorhynchus mexicanus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_royal_flycatcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific royal flycatcher">Pacific royal flycatcher</a> (<i>Onychorhynchus occidentalis</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_royal_flycatcher" title="Atlantic royal flycatcher">Atlantic royal flycatcher</a> (<i>Onychorhynchus swainsoni</i>)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Myiobius_atricaudus_-_Black-tailed_Flycatcher.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Myiobius_atricaudus_-_Black-tailed_Flycatcher.JPG/175px-Myiobius_atricaudus_-_Black-tailed_Flycatcher.JPG" decoding="async" width="175" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Myiobius_atricaudus_-_Black-tailed_Flycatcher.JPG/263px-Myiobius_atricaudus_-_Black-tailed_Flycatcher.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Myiobius_atricaudus_-_Black-tailed_Flycatcher.JPG/350px-Myiobius_atricaudus_-_Black-tailed_Flycatcher.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1173" data-file-height="1173" /></a></span></td> <td><i><b><a href="/wiki/Myiobius" title="Myiobius">Myiobius</a></b></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Gray, GR, 1839</span></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tawny-breasted_myiobius" title="Tawny-breasted myiobius">Tawny-breasted myiobius</a> (<i>Myiobius villosus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulphur-rumped_myiobius" title="Sulphur-rumped myiobius">Sulphur-rumped myiobius</a> (<i>Myiobius sulphureipygius</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskered_myiobius" title="Whiskered myiobius">Whiskered myiobius</a> (<i>Myiobius barbatus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-tailed_myiobius" title="Black-tailed myiobius">Black-tailed myiobius</a> (<i>Myiobius atricaudus</i>)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruddy-tailed_Flycatcher_-_Panama_H8O2602_(16685744808).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Ruddy-tailed_Flycatcher_-_Panama_H8O2602_%2816685744808%29.jpg/175px-Ruddy-tailed_Flycatcher_-_Panama_H8O2602_%2816685744808%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Ruddy-tailed_Flycatcher_-_Panama_H8O2602_%2816685744808%29.jpg/263px-Ruddy-tailed_Flycatcher_-_Panama_H8O2602_%2816685744808%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Ruddy-tailed_Flycatcher_-_Panama_H8O2602_%2816685744808%29.jpg/350px-Ruddy-tailed_Flycatcher_-_Panama_H8O2602_%2816685744808%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="992" /></a></span></td> <td><i><b><a href="/wiki/Terenotriccus" class="mw-redirect" title="Terenotriccus">Terenotriccus</a></b></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Ridgway, 1905</span></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruddy-tailed_flycatcher" title="Ruddy-tailed flycatcher">Ruddy-tailed flycatcher</a> (<i>Terenotriccus erythrurus</i>)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tityra_semifasciata_-Brazil-8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Tityra_semifasciata_-Brazil-8.jpg/175px-Tityra_semifasciata_-Brazil-8.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Tityra_semifasciata_-Brazil-8.jpg/263px-Tityra_semifasciata_-Brazil-8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Tityra_semifasciata_-Brazil-8.jpg/350px-Tityra_semifasciata_-Brazil-8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1915" data-file-height="1436" /></a></span></td> <td><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tityra" title="Tityra">Tityra</a></b></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Vieillot, 1816</span></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black-crowned_tityra" title="Black-crowned tityra">Black-crowned tityra</a> (<i>Tityra inquisitor</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-tailed_tityra" title="Black-tailed tityra">Black-tailed tityra</a> (<i>Tityra cayana</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masked_tityra" title="Masked tityra">Masked tityra</a> (<i>Tityra semifasciata</i>)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schiffornis_major_-_Greater_schiffornis;_Anavilhanas_islands,_Novo_Air%C3%A3o,_Amazonas,_Brazil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Schiffornis_major_-_Greater_schiffornis%3B_Anavilhanas_islands%2C_Novo_Air%C3%A3o%2C_Amazonas%2C_Brazil.jpg/175px-Schiffornis_major_-_Greater_schiffornis%3B_Anavilhanas_islands%2C_Novo_Air%C3%A3o%2C_Amazonas%2C_Brazil.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Schiffornis_major_-_Greater_schiffornis%3B_Anavilhanas_islands%2C_Novo_Air%C3%A3o%2C_Amazonas%2C_Brazil.jpg/263px-Schiffornis_major_-_Greater_schiffornis%3B_Anavilhanas_islands%2C_Novo_Air%C3%A3o%2C_Amazonas%2C_Brazil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Schiffornis_major_-_Greater_schiffornis%3B_Anavilhanas_islands%2C_Novo_Air%C3%A3o%2C_Amazonas%2C_Brazil.jpg/350px-Schiffornis_major_-_Greater_schiffornis%3B_Anavilhanas_islands%2C_Novo_Air%C3%A3o%2C_Amazonas%2C_Brazil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="1819" /></a></span></td> <td><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schiffornis" title="Schiffornis">Schiffornis</a></b></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Bonaparte, 1854</span></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varzea_schiffornis" title="Varzea schiffornis">Varzea schiffornis</a> (<i>Schiffornis major</i>); alternatively Várzea Mourner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown-winged_schiffornis" title="Brown-winged schiffornis">Brown-winged schiffornis</a> (<i>Schiffornis turdina</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russet-winged_schiffornis" title="Russet-winged schiffornis">Russet-winged schiffornis</a> (<i>Schiffornis stenorhyncha</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foothill_schiffornis" title="Foothill schiffornis">Foothill schiffornis</a> (<i>Schiffornis aenea</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_schiffornis" title="Northern schiffornis">Northern schiffornis</a> (<i>Schiffornis veraepacis</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guianan_schiffornis" title="Guianan schiffornis">Guianan schiffornis</a> (<i>Schiffornis olivacea</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenish_schiffornis" title="Greenish schiffornis">Greenish schiffornis</a> (<i>Schiffornis virescens</i>); alternatively Greenish Mourner</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Laniocera_hypopyrra_-_Cinereous_Mourner.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Laniocera_hypopyrra_-_Cinereous_Mourner.JPG/175px-Laniocera_hypopyrra_-_Cinereous_Mourner.JPG" decoding="async" width="175" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Laniocera_hypopyrra_-_Cinereous_Mourner.JPG/263px-Laniocera_hypopyrra_-_Cinereous_Mourner.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Laniocera_hypopyrra_-_Cinereous_Mourner.JPG/350px-Laniocera_hypopyrra_-_Cinereous_Mourner.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1120" /></a></span></td> <td><i><b><a href="/wiki/Laniocera" title="Laniocera">Laniocera</a></b></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Lesson, 1841</span></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speckled_mourner" title="Speckled mourner">Speckled mourner</a> (<i>Laniocera rufescens</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinereous_mourner" title="Cinereous mourner">Cinereous mourner</a> (<i>Laniocera hypopyrra</i>)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buff-throated_purpletuft_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Buff-throated_purpletuft_%283%29.jpg/175px-Buff-throated_purpletuft_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Buff-throated_purpletuft_%283%29.jpg/263px-Buff-throated_purpletuft_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Buff-throated_purpletuft_%283%29.jpg/350px-Buff-throated_purpletuft_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2368" data-file-height="1776" /></a></span></td> <td><i><b><a href="/wiki/Iodopleura" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodopleura">Iodopleura</a></b></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Lesson, 1839</span></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White-browed_purpletuft" title="White-browed purpletuft">White-browed purpletuft</a> (<i>Iodopleura isabellae</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusky_purpletuft" title="Dusky purpletuft">Dusky purpletuft</a> (<i>Iodopleura fusca</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buff-throated_purpletuft" title="Buff-throated purpletuft">Buff-throated purpletuft</a> (<i>Iodopleura pipra</i>)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shrike-like_Cotinga_fem_-_Regua_-_Brazil_S4E1690_(16647938248).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Shrike-like_Cotinga_fem_-_Regua_-_Brazil_S4E1690_%2816647938248%29.jpg/175px-Shrike-like_Cotinga_fem_-_Regua_-_Brazil_S4E1690_%2816647938248%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Shrike-like_Cotinga_fem_-_Regua_-_Brazil_S4E1690_%2816647938248%29.jpg/263px-Shrike-like_Cotinga_fem_-_Regua_-_Brazil_S4E1690_%2816647938248%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Shrike-like_Cotinga_fem_-_Regua_-_Brazil_S4E1690_%2816647938248%29.jpg/350px-Shrike-like_Cotinga_fem_-_Regua_-_Brazil_S4E1690_%2816647938248%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="1140" /></a></span></td> <td><i><b><a href="/wiki/Laniisoma" title="Laniisoma">Laniisoma</a></b></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Swainson, 1832</span></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_laniisoma" title="Brazilian laniisoma">Brazilian laniisoma</a> (<i>Laniisoma elegans</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_laniisoma" title="Andean laniisoma">Andean laniisoma</a> (<i>Laniisoma buckleyi</i>)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xenopsaris_albinucha_-_White_naped_xenopsaris_(adult).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Xenopsaris_albinucha_-_White_naped_xenopsaris_%28adult%29.jpg/175px-Xenopsaris_albinucha_-_White_naped_xenopsaris_%28adult%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Xenopsaris_albinucha_-_White_naped_xenopsaris_%28adult%29.jpg/263px-Xenopsaris_albinucha_-_White_naped_xenopsaris_%28adult%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Xenopsaris_albinucha_-_White_naped_xenopsaris_%28adult%29.jpg/350px-Xenopsaris_albinucha_-_White_naped_xenopsaris_%28adult%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2229" data-file-height="2378" /></a></span></td> <td><i><b><a href="/wiki/Xenopsaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenopsaris">Xenopsaris</a></b></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Ridgway, 1891</span></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White-naped_xenopsaris" title="White-naped xenopsaris">White-naped xenopsaris</a> (<i>Xenopsaris albinucha</i>)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chestnut-crowned_Becard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Chestnut-crowned_Becard.jpg/175px-Chestnut-crowned_Becard.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Chestnut-crowned_Becard.jpg/263px-Chestnut-crowned_Becard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Chestnut-crowned_Becard.jpg/350px-Chestnut-crowned_Becard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2944" data-file-height="2208" /></a></span></td> <td><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pachyramphus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pachyramphus">Pachyramphus</a></b></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Gould & G.R. Gray, 1839</span></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green-backed_becard" title="Green-backed becard">Green-backed becard</a> (<i>Pachyramphus viridis</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-cheeked_becard" title="Yellow-cheeked becard">Yellow-cheeked becard</a> (<i>Pachyramphus xanthogenys</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barred_becard" title="Barred becard">Barred becard</a> (<i>Pachyramphus versicolor</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slaty_becard" title="Slaty becard">Slaty becard</a> (<i>Pachyramphus spodiurus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinereous_becard" title="Cinereous becard">Cinereous becard</a> (<i>Pachyramphus rufus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_becard" title="Cinnamon becard">Cinnamon becard</a> (<i>Pachyramphus cinnamomeus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chestnut-crowned_becard" title="Chestnut-crowned becard">Chestnut-crowned becard</a> (<i>Pachyramphus castaneus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-winged_becard" title="White-winged becard">White-winged becard</a> (<i>Pachyramphus polychopterus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white_becard" title="Black-and-white becard">Black-and-white becard</a> (<i>Pachyramphus albogriseus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptic_becard" title="Cryptic becard">Cryptic becard</a> (<i>Pachyramphus salvini</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey-collared_becard" title="Grey-collared becard">Grey-collared becard</a> (<i>Pachyramphus major</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-capped_becard" title="Black-capped becard">Black-capped becard</a> (<i>Pachyramphus marginatus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossy-backed_becard" title="Glossy-backed becard">Glossy-backed becard</a> (<i>Pachyramphus surinamus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose-throated_becard" title="Rose-throated becard">Rose-throated becard</a> (<i>Pachyramphus aglaiae</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_becard" title="Jamaican becard">Jamaican becard</a> (<i>Pachyramphus niger</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-colored_becard" title="One-colored becard">One-colored becard</a> (<i>Pachyramphus homochrous</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink-throated_becard" title="Pink-throated becard">Pink-throated becard</a> (<i>Pachyramphus minor</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crested_becard" title="Crested becard">Crested becard</a> (<i>Pachyramphus validus</i>)</li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tityridae&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTelloMoyleMarcheseCracraft2009" class="citation journal cs1">Tello, J.G.; Moyle, R.G.; Marchese, D.J.; Cracraft, J. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1096-0031.2009.00254.x">"Phylogeny and phylogenetic classification of the tyrant flycatchers, cotingas, manakins, and their allies (Aves: Tyrannides)"</a>. <i>Cladistics</i>. <b>25</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">429–</span>467. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1096-0031.2009.00254.x">10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00254.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34879622">34879622</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:85422768">85422768</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cladistics&rft.atitle=Phylogeny+and+phylogenetic+classification+of+the+tyrant+flycatchers%2C+cotingas%2C+manakins%2C+and+their+allies+%28Aves%3A+Tyrannides%29&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E429-%3C%2Fspan%3E467&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A85422768%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34879622&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1096-0031.2009.00254.x&rft.aulast=Tello&rft.aufirst=J.G.&rft.au=Moyle%2C+R.G.&rft.au=Marchese%2C+D.J.&rft.au=Cracraft%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1096-0031.2009.00254.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATityridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSnowSharpe2018" class="citation web cs1">Snow, D.; Sharpe, C.J. (2018). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hbw.com/node/57018">"Buff-throated Purpletuft (<i>Iodopleura pipra</i>)"</a></span>. <i>Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive</i>. Lynx Edicions<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Handbook+of+the+Birds+of+the+World+Alive&rft.atitle=Buff-throated+Purpletuft+%28Iodopleura+pipra%29&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Snow&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Sharpe%2C+C.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hbw.com%2Fnode%2F57018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATityridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMobleyde_Juana2018" class="citation web cs1">Mobley, J.; de Juana, E. (2018). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hbw.com/node/57530">"Masked Tityra (<i>Tityra semifasciata</i>)"</a></span>. <i>Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive</i>. Lynx Edicions<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Handbook+of+the+Birds+of+the+World+Alive&rft.atitle=Masked+Tityra+%28Tityra+semifasciata%29&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Mobley&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=de+Juana%2C+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hbw.com%2Fnode%2F57530&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATityridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGray1840" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Robert_Gray" title="George Robert Gray">Gray, George Robert</a> (1840). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13668925"><i>A List of the Genera of Birds : with an indication of the typical species of each genus</i></a>. London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+List+of+the+Genera+of+Birds+%3A+with+an+indication+of+the+typical+species+of+each+genus&rft.place=London&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=R.+and+J.E.+Taylor&rft.date=1840&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=George+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F13668925&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATityridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBock1994" class="citation journal cs1">Bock, Walter J. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/830">"History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</i> (222). New York: American Museum of Natural History: 149, 237. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2246%2F830">2246/830</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft.atitle=History+and+Nomenclature+of+Avian+Family-Group+Names&rft.issue=222&rft.pages=149%2C+237&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2246%2F830&rft.aulast=Bock&rft.aufirst=Walter+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitallibrary.amnh.org%2Fhandle%2F2246%2F830&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATityridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAmes1971" class="citation book cs1">Ames, P.L. (March 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140525213706/http://peabody.yale.edu/sites/default/files/documents/scientific-publications/ypmB37_1971.pdf"><i>The Morphology of the Syrinx in Passerine Birds</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Peabody Museum Bulletin. Vol. 37. New Haven, Connecticut, USA: Peabody Museum of Natural History. pp. <span class="nowrap">95–</span>97. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://peabody.yale.edu/sites/default/files/documents/scientific-publications/ypmB37_1971.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2014-05-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Morphology+of+the+Syrinx+in+Passerine+Birds&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+Connecticut%2C+USA&rft.series=Peabody+Museum+Bulletin&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E95-%3C%2Fspan%3E97&rft.pub=Peabody+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft.date=1971-03&rft.aulast=Ames&rft.aufirst=P.L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeabody.yale.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fscientific-publications%2FypmB37_1971.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATityridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPrumLanyon1989" class="citation journal cs1">Prum, R.O.; Lanyon, W.E. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/condor/v091n02/p0444-p0461.pdf">"Monophyly and phylogeny of the Schiffornis group (Tyrannoidea)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Condor</i>. <b>91</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">444–</span>461. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1368323">10.2307/1368323</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1368323">1368323</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Monophyly+and+phylogeny+of+the+Schiffornis+group+%28Tyrannoidea%29&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E444-%3C%2Fspan%3E461&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1368323&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1368323%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Prum&rft.aufirst=R.O.&rft.au=Lanyon%2C+W.E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsora.unm.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fjournals%2Fcondor%2Fv091n02%2Fp0444-p0461.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATityridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ericson2006-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ericson2006_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEricsonZucconJohanssonAlvarenga2006" class="citation journal cs1">Ericson, P.G.P.; Zuccon, D.; Johansson, U.S.; Alvarenga, H.; Prum, R.O. (2006). "Higher-level phylogeny and morphological evolution of tyrant flycatchers, cotingas, manakins, and their allies (Aves: Tyrannida)". <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</i>. <b>40</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">471–</span>483. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006MolPE..40..471E">2006MolPE..40..471E</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2006.03.031">10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.031</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16678446">16678446</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Phylogenetics+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Higher-level+phylogeny+and+morphological+evolution+of+tyrant+flycatchers%2C+cotingas%2C+manakins%2C+and+their+allies+%28Aves%3A+Tyrannida%29&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E471-%3C%2Fspan%3E483&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16678446&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2006.03.031&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006MolPE..40..471E&rft.aulast=Ericson&rft.aufirst=P.G.P.&rft.au=Zuccon%2C+D.&rft.au=Johansson%2C+U.S.&rft.au=Alvarenga%2C+H.&rft.au=Prum%2C+R.O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATityridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ohlson2007-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ohlson2007_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOhlsonPrumEricson2007" class="citation journal cs1">Ohlson, J.I.; Prum, R.O.; Ericson, P.G.P. (2007). "A molecular phylogeny of the cotingas (Aves: Cotingidae)". <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</i>. <b>42</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">25–</span>37. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007MolPE..42...25O">2007MolPE..42...25O</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2006.05.041">10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.041</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16876441">16876441</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Phylogenetics+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=A+molecular+phylogeny+of+the+cotingas+%28Aves%3A+Cotingidae%29&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E25-%3C%2Fspan%3E37&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16876441&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2006.05.041&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007MolPE..42...25O&rft.aulast=Ohlson&rft.aufirst=J.I.&rft.au=Prum%2C+R.O.&rft.au=Ericson%2C+P.G.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATityridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chesser2004-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chesser2004_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChesser2004" class="citation journal cs1">Chesser, R.T. (2004). "Molecular systematics of New World suboscine birds". <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</i>. <b>32</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">11–</span>24. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004MolPE..32...11C">2004MolPE..32...11C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2003.11.015">10.1016/j.ympev.2003.11.015</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15186793">15186793</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Phylogenetics+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Molecular+systematics+of+New+World+suboscine+birds&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E11-%3C%2Fspan%3E24&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15186793&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2003.11.015&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004MolPE..32...11C&rft.aulast=Chesser&rft.aufirst=R.T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATityridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johansson2002-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Johansson2002_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohanssonIrestedtParsonsEricson2002" class="citation journal cs1">Johansson, U.S.; Irestedt, M.; Parsons, T.J.; Ericson, P.G.P. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrm.se/download/18.4e32c81078a8d9249800021343/1367705197889/Johansson+et+al+Auk+2002.pdf">"Basal phylogeny of the Tyrannoidea based on comparisons of cytochrome <i>b</i> and exons of nuclear <i>c-myc</i> and RAG-1 genes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Auk</i>. <b>119</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">984–</span>995. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1642%2F0004-8038%282002%29119%5B0984%3ABPOTTB%5D2.0.CO%3B2">10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0984:BPOTTB]2.0.CO;2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Auk&rft.atitle=Basal+phylogeny+of+the+Tyrannoidea+based+on+comparisons+of+cytochrome+b+and+exons+of+nuclear+c-myc+and+RAG-1+genes&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E984-%3C%2Fspan%3E995&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1642%2F0004-8038%282002%29119%5B0984%3ABPOTTB%5D2.0.CO%3B2&rft.aulast=Johansson&rft.aufirst=U.S.&rft.au=Irestedt%2C+M.&rft.au=Parsons%2C+T.J.&rft.au=Ericson%2C+P.G.P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrm.se%2Fdownload%2F18.4e32c81078a8d9249800021343%2F1367705197889%2FJohansson%2Bet%2Bal%2BAuk%2B2002.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATityridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prum2000-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Prum2000_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPrumRiceMobleyDimmick2000" class="citation journal cs1">Prum, R.O.; Rice, N.H.; Mobley, J.A.; Dimmick, W.W. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v117n01/p00236-p00241.pdf">"A preliminary phylogenetic hypothesis for the cotingas (Cotingidae) based on mitochondrial DNA"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Auk</i>. <b>117</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">236–</span>241. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1642%2F0004-8038%282000%29117%5B0236%3AAPPHFT%5D2.0.CO%3B2">10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0236:APPHFT]2.0.CO;2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Auk&rft.atitle=A+preliminary+phylogenetic+hypothesis+for+the+cotingas+%28Cotingidae%29+based+on+mitochondrial+DNA&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E236-%3C%2Fspan%3E241&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1642%2F0004-8038%282000%29117%5B0236%3AAPPHFT%5D2.0.CO%3B2&rft.aulast=Prum&rft.aufirst=R.O.&rft.au=Rice%2C+N.H.&rft.au=Mobley%2C+J.A.&rft.au=Dimmick%2C+W.W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsora.unm.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fjournals%2Fauk%2Fv117n01%2Fp00236-p00241.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATityridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barber2007-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barber2007_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarberRice2007" class="citation journal cs1">Barber, B.R.; Rice, N.H. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1642%2F0004-8038%282007%29124%5B1317%3ASAEITT%5D2.0.CO%3B2">"Systematics and evolution in the Tityrinae (Passeriformes: Tyrannoidea)"</a>. <i>Auk</i>. <b>124</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">1317–</span>1329. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1642%2F0004-8038%282007%29124%5B1317%3ASAEITT%5D2.0.CO%3B2">10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[1317:SAEITT]2.0.CO;2</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Auk&rft.atitle=Systematics+and+evolution+in+the+Tityrinae+%28Passeriformes%3A+Tyrannoidea%29&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1317-%3C%2Fspan%3E1329&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1642%2F0004-8038%282007%29124%5B1317%3ASAEITT%5D2.0.CO%3B2&rft.aulast=Barber&rft.aufirst=B.R.&rft.au=Rice%2C+N.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1642%252F0004-8038%25282007%2529124%255B1317%253ASAEITT%255D2.0.CO%253B2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATityridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOliveros2019" class="citation journal cs1">Oliveros, C.H.; et al. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6475423">"Earth history and the passerine superradiation"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>116</b> (16): <span class="nowrap">7916–</span>7925. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019PNAS..116.7916O">2019PNAS..116.7916O</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1813206116">10.1073/pnas.1813206116</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6475423">6475423</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30936315">30936315</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Earth+history+and+the+passerine+superradiation&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7916-%3C%2Fspan%3E7925&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6475423%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30936315&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1813206116&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019PNAS..116.7916O&rft.aulast=Oliveros&rft.aufirst=C.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6475423&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATityridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ioc-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ioc_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGillDonsker2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gill_(ornithologist)" title="Frank Gill (ornithologist)">Gill, Frank</a>; Donsker, David, eds. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/cotingas/">"Cotingas, manakins, tityras & becards"</a>. <i>World Bird List Version 7.3</i>. International Ornithologists' Union<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Bird+List+Version+7.3&rft.atitle=Cotingas%2C+manakins%2C+tityras+%26+becards&rft.date=2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbirdnames.org%2Fbow%2Fcotingas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATityridae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tityridae" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tityridae">Tityridae</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers1454" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers1454" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Tityridae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069958" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q1069958">Q1069958</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tityridae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Tityridae">Tityridae</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id994168">994168</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bench.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=743428">743428</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/10513167">10513167</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/6101053">6101053</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/200971">200971</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=3599865">3599865</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=373619">373619</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tityridae&oldid=1268679629">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tityridae&oldid=1268679629</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tityridae" title="Category:Tityridae">Tityridae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bird_families" title="Category:Bird families">Bird families</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tyranni" title="Category:Tyranni">Tyranni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_George_Robert_Gray" title="Category:Taxa named by George Robert Gray">Taxa named by George Robert Gray</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 January 2025, at 00:30<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tityridae&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tityridae</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>32 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-64b5bb4b79-tbr8g","wgBackendResponseTime":151,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.972","walltime":"1.209","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8539,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":84717,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8501,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":90580,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":9,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1090.369 1 -total"," 35.30% 384.941 1 Template:Automatic_taxobox"," 22.11% 241.089 11 Template:Clade"," 21.59% 235.389 1 Template:Reflist"," 20.90% 227.849 1 Template:Taxonbar"," 15.74% 171.673 10 Template:Cite_journal"," 7.42% 80.937 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.48% 70.628 1 Template:Cladogram"," 4.66% 50.833 37 Template:Delink"," 3.98% 43.363 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.766","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8474912,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-679bf888dd-7drlm","timestamp":"20250225123934","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Tityridae","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tityridae","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1069958","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1069958","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-12-12T00:26:51Z","dateModified":"2025-01-11T00:30:38Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/ab\/Pachyramphus_castaneus.jpg","headline":"family of birds"}</script> </body> </html>