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data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">പ്രധാന മെനു</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">സൈഡ്‌ബാറിലേക്ക് മാറ്റുക</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">മറയ്ക്കുക</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ഉള്ളടക്കം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" title="പ്രധാനതാൾ സന്ദർശിക്കുക [z]" accesskey="z"><span>പ്രധാന താൾ</span></a></li><li id="n-content-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയയുടെ ഉള്ളടക്ക പര്യവേക്ഷണം"><span>ഉള്ളടക്കം</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="സമകാലീനസംഭവങ്ങളുടെ പശ്ചാത്തലം അന്വേഷിക്കുക"><span>സമകാലികം</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയയിൽ പുതുതായി നിർമ്മിക്കപ്പെട്ട താളുകൾ"><span>പുതിയ താളുകൾ</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a 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title="പുതിയ ഒരു ലേഖനം തുടങ്ങുവാൻ"><span>ലേഖനം തുടങ്ങുക</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="വിക്കിയിലെ സമീപകാലമാറ്റങ്ങൾ [r]" accesskey="r"><span>സമീപകാല മാറ്റങ്ങൾ</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82" title="പദ്ധതി താളിനെക്കുറിച്ച്, താങ്കൾക്കെന്തൊക്കെ ചെയ്യാം, കാര്യങ്ങൾ എവിടെനിന്ന് കണ്ടെത്താം"><span>സാമൂഹികകവാടം</span></a></li><li id="n-portal-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82"><span>കവാടം</span></a></li><li id="n-panchayat-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="ആറു ഗ്രാമസഭകളുള്ള വിക്കിപീഡിയ ചർച്ചാവേദി"><span>പഞ്ചായത്ത്</span></a></li><li id="n-Embassy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:Embassy"><span>Embassy</span></a></li><li id="n-അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D"><span>അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> വഴികാട്ടി </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="സഹായം ലഭ്യമായ ഇടം"><span>സഹായം</span></a></li><li id="n-sandbox-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF"><span>എഴുത്തുകളരി</span></a></li><li id="n-styleguide-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82"><span>ശൈലീപുസ്തകം</span></a></li><li id="n-policies-and-gl-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82"><span>നയങ്ങളും മാർഗ്ഗരേഖകളും</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-communication-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-communication-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ആശയവിനിമയം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-livechat-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%90.%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC.%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF."><span>തത്സമയ സംവാദം</span></a></li><li id="n-maillist-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D"><span>മെയിലിങ് ലിസ്റ്റ്</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="വിക്കിപീഡിയ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ml.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="<small>വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം</small>" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ml.svg" width="119" height="12" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>തിരയൂ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" aria-label="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" autocapitalize="sentences" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="പ്രത്യേകം:അന്വേഷണം"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">തിരയൂ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="താളിന്റെ ഫോണ്ട് വലിപ്പം, വീതി, നിറം എന്നിവയുടെ ദൃശ്യരീതിയിൽ മാറ്റം വരുത്തുക" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ദൃശ്യരൂപം</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml" class=""><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC+%28%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82%29" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു" class=""><span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC+%28%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82%29" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="കൂടുതൽ ഐച്ഛികങ്ങൾ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml"><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC+%28%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82%29" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC+%28%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82%29" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ലോഗ് ഔട്ട് ചെയ്ത എഡിറ്റർമാർക്കുള്ള പേജുകൾ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%82" aria-label="തിരുത്തലിനെ കുറിച്ച് കൂടുതൽ അറിയുക"><span>കൂടുതൽ അറിയുക</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" 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href=\"/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81_2025\" title=\"വിക്കിപീഡിയ:വിക്കി റമദാനെ സ്നേഹിക്കുന്നു 2025\"\u003Eപങ്കുചേരൂ..\u003C/a\u003E സമ്മാനങ്ങൾ നേടൂ...\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="സൈറ്റ്"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ഉള്ളടക്കം" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ഉള്ളടക്കം</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">സൈഡ്‌ബാറിലേക്ക് മാറ്റുക</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">മറയ്ക്കുക</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">തുടക്കം</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ചരിത്രം" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ചരിത്രം"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ചരിത്രം</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ചരിത്രം-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>ചരിത്രം ഉപവിഭാഗവുമായി പരസ്പരം മാറുക</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ചരിത്രം-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-പുരാതനകാലം" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#പുരാതനകാലം"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>പുരാതനകാലം</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-പുരാതനകാലം-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-കഴ്‌സീവ്" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#കഴ്‌സീവ്"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>കഴ്‌സീവ്</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-കഴ്‌സീവ്-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-നാമം" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#നാമം"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>നാമം</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-നാമം-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-എഴുത്ത്_സംവിധാനങ്ങളിൽ_ഉപയോഗിക്കുക" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#എഴുത്ത്_സംവിധാനങ്ങളിൽ_ഉപയോഗിക്കുക"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>എഴുത്ത് സംവിധാനങ്ങളിൽ ഉപയോഗിക്കുക</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-എഴുത്ത്_സംവിധാനങ്ങളിൽ_ഉപയോഗിക്കുക-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-അനുബന്ധ_പ്രതീകങ്ങൾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#അനുബന്ധ_പ്രതീകങ്ങൾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>അനുബന്ധ പ്രതീകങ്ങൾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-അനുബന്ധ_പ്രതീകങ്ങൾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രം" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രം"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രം</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രം-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-എൻകോഡിംഗ്" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#എൻകോഡിംഗ്"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>എൻകോഡിംഗ്</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-എൻകോഡിംഗ്-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-മറ്റ്_പ്രാതിനിധ്യങ്ങൾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#മറ്റ്_പ്രാതിനിധ്യങ്ങൾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>മറ്റ് പ്രാതിനിധ്യങ്ങൾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-മറ്റ്_പ്രാതിനിധ്യങ്ങൾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ഇതും_കാണുക" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ഇതും_കാണുക"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>ഇതും കാണുക</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ഇതും_കാണുക-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-അവലംബം" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#അവലംബം"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>അവലംബം</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-അവലംബം-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ബാഹ്യ_ലിങ്കുകൾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ബാഹ്യ_ലിങ്കുകൾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ബാഹ്യ_ലിങ്കുകൾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ഉള്ളടക്കം" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="ഉള്ളടക്കപ്പട്ടിക" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ഉള്ളടക്ക പട്ടിക പ്രദർശിപ്പിക്കുക / മറയ്ക്കുക" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ഉള്ളടക്ക പട്ടിക പ്രദർശിപ്പിക്കുക / മറയ്ക്കുക</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ആർ (ഇംഗ്ലീഷക്ഷരം)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ലേഖനം മറ്റൊരു ഭാഷയിൽ കാണുക. 145 ഭാഷകളിൽ ലഭ്യമാണ്." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-145" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">145 ഭാഷകൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – അചിനീസ്" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="അചിനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ആഫ്രിക്കാൻസ്" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ആഫ്രിക്കാൻസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – സ്വിസ് ജർമ്മൻ" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="സ്വിസ് ജർമ്മൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – അംഹാരിക്" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="അംഹാരിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – അരഗോണീസ്" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="അരഗോണീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – പഴയ ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="പഴയ ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – അറബിക്" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="അറബിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – അരമായ" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="അരമായ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – അസ്ട്ടൂരിയൻ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="അസ്ട്ടൂരിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – അസർബൈജാനി" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="അസർബൈജാനി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ബാലിനീസ്" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="ബാലിനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="R (літара) – ബെലാറുഷ്യൻ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="R (літара)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ബെലാറുഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="R (літара) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="R (літара)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ബൾഗേറിയൻ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ബൾഗേറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0_(%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%B0)" title="आर (अंग्रेजी अच्छर) – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आर (अंग्रेजी अच्छर)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ബംഗ്ലാ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ബംഗ്ലാ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ബ്രെട്ടൺ" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ബ്രെട്ടൺ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ബോസ്നിയൻ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ബോസ്നിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – കറ്റാലാൻ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="കറ്റാലാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – സെൻട്രൽ കുർദിഷ്" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="സെൻട്രൽ കുർദിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – കോർസിക്കൻ" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="കോർസിക്കൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ക്രിമിയൻ ടർക്കിഷ്" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="ക്രിമിയൻ ടർക്കിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ചെക്ക്" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ചെക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – കാഷുബിയാൻ" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="കാഷുബിയാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ചുവാഷ്" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ചുവാഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – വെൽഷ്" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="വെൽഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഡാനിഷ്" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ഡാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ജർമ്മൻ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ജർമ്മൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഗ്രീക്ക്" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ഗ്രീക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – സ്‌പാനിഷ്" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="സ്‌പാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – എസ്റ്റോണിയൻ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="എസ്റ്റോണിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ബാസ്‌ക്" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ബാസ്‌ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – പേർഷ്യൻ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="പേർഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഫിന്നിഷ്" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ഫിന്നിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഫിജിയൻ" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="ഫിജിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഫാറോസ്" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ഫാറോസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_(lettre)" title="R (lettre) – ഫ്രഞ്ച്" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="R (lettre)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ഫ്രഞ്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_(buksteew)" title="R (buksteew) – നോർത്തേൻ ഫ്രിഷ്യൻ" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="R (buksteew)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="നോർത്തേൻ ഫ്രിഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഫ്രിയുലിയാൻ" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="ഫ്രിയുലിയാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – പശ്ചിമ ഫ്രിഷിയൻ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="പശ്ചിമ ഫ്രിഷിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഐറിഷ്" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ഐറിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഗാൻ ചൈനീസ്" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="ഗാൻ ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – സ്കോട്ടിഷ് ഗൈലിക്" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="സ്കോട്ടിഷ് ഗൈലിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഗലീഷ്യൻ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ഗലീഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഗ്വരനി" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ഗ്വരനി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഗൊറോന്റാലോ" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="ഗൊറോന്റാലോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – മാൻസ്" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="മാൻസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഹൗസ" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="ഹൗസ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഹാക്ക ചൈനീസ്" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="ഹാക്ക ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഹീബ്രു" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ഹീബ്രു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – അപ്പർ സോർബിയൻ" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="അപ്പർ സോർബിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഹെയ്‌തിയൻ ക്രിയോൾ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ഹെയ്‌തിയൻ ക്രിയോൾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഹംഗേറിയൻ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ഹംഗേറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_(%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6)" title="R (լատինական) – അർമേനിയൻ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="R (լատինական)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="അർമേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഇഗ്ബോ" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ഇഗ്ബോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഇലോകോ" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ഇലോകോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഇഡോ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ഇഡോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഐസ്‌ലാൻഡിക്" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ഐസ്‌ലാൻഡിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ജാപ്പനീസ്" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ജാപ്പനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ജോർജിയൻ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ജോർജിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – കികൂയു" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="കികൂയു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – കൊറിയൻ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="കൊറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – കുർദ്ദിഷ്" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="കുർദ്ദിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – കോമി" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="കോമി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – കോർണിഷ്" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="കോർണിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ലാറ്റിൻ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ലാറ്റിൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ലക്‌സംബർഗിഷ്" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ലക്‌സംബർഗിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ലൊംബാർഡ്" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ലൊംബാർഡ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ലിത്വാനിയൻ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ലിത്വാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ലാറ്റ്വിയൻ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ലാറ്റ്വിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – മലഗാസി" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="മലഗാസി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5)" title="R (латин тиште) – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="R (латин тиште)" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – മിനാങ്കബൗ" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="മിനാങ്കബൗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – മാസിഡോണിയൻ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="മാസിഡോണിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – മറാത്തി" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="മറാത്തി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – മലെയ്" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="മലെയ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BA_(%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC)" title="အာရ် (အက္ခရာ) – ബർമീസ്" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အာရ် (အက္ခရာ)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ബർമീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – മസന്ററാനി" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="മസന്ററാനി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_(letter)" title="R (letter) – ഡച്ച്" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="R (letter)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ഡച്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – നോർവീജിയൻ നൈനോർക്‌സ്" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="നോർവീജിയൻ നൈനോർക്‌സ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഓക്‌സിറ്റൻ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ഓക്‌സിറ്റൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0_(%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%B0)" title="ਆਰ (ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਅੱਖਰ) – പഞ്ചാബി" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਰ (ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਅੱਖਰ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="പഞ്ചാബി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – പോളിഷ്" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="പോളിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ക്വെച്ചുവ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ക്വെച്ചുവ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – റൊമാനിയൻ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="റൊമാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – റഷ്യൻ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="റഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – സിസിലിയൻ" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="സിസിലിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – സ്കോട്സ്" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="സ്കോട്സ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – വടക്കൻ സമി" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="വടക്കൻ സമി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – സെർബോ-ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="സെർബോ-ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_(Askkil)" title="R (Askkil) – താച്ചലിറ്റ്" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="R (Askkil)" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="താച്ചലിറ്റ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – സ്ലോവാക്" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="സ്ലോവാക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – സ്ലോവേനിയൻ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="സ്ലോവേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഇനാരി സമി" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="ഇനാരി സമി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഷോണ" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="ഷോണ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_(%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5)" title="R (слово латинице) – സെർബിയൻ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="R (слово латинице)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="സെർബിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ശ്രാനൻ ഡോങ്കോ" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="ശ്രാനൻ ഡോങ്കോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – സുണ്ടാനീസ്" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="സുണ്ടാനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – സ്വീഡിഷ്" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="സ്വീഡിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – സ്വാഹിലി" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="സ്വാഹിലി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – തമിഴ്" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="തമിഴ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – തെലുങ്ക്" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="തെലുങ്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – തായ്" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="തായ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – തുർക്‌മെൻ" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="തുർക്‌മെൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – തഗാലോഗ്" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="തഗാലോഗ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – സ്വാന" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="സ്വാന" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ടർക്കിഷ്" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ടർക്കിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ടാട്ടർ" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ടാട്ടർ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F)" title="R (латиниця) – ഉക്രേനിയൻ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="R (латиниця)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ഉക്രേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ഉറുദു" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ഉറുദു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_(lotin)" title="R (lotin) – ഉസ്‌ബെക്ക്" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="R (lotin)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ഉസ്‌ബെക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – വെനീഷ്യൻ" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="വെനീഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – വിയറ്റ്നാമീസ്" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="വിയറ്റ്നാമീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – വോളാപുക്" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="വോളാപുക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – വാരേയ്" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="വാരേയ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – വു ചൈനീസ്" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="വു ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_%D2%AF%D0%B7%D0%B3" title="R үзг – കാൽമിക്" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="R үзг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="കാൽമിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – യിദ്ദിഷ്" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="യിദ്ദിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – യൊറൂബാ" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="യൊറൂബാ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – സ്റ്റാൻഡേർഡ് മൊറോക്കൻ റ്റാമസിയറ്റ്" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="സ്റ്റാൻഡേർഡ് മൊറോക്കൻ റ്റാമസിയറ്റ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – ചൈനീസ്" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – മിൻ നാൻ ചൈനീസ്" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="മിൻ നാൻ ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/R" title="R – കാന്റണീസ്" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="R" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="കാന്റണീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9852#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="അന്തർഭാഷാ കണ്ണികൾ തിരുത്തുക" class="wbc-editpage">കണ്ണികൾ തിരുത്തുക</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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hreflang="en"><span>വിക്കിമീഡിയ കോമൺസ്</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9852" title="ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ഡേറ്റാ ശേഖര ഇനത്തിലേയ്ക്കുള്ള കണ്ണി [g]" accesskey="g"><span>വിക്കിഡേറ്റ ഇനം</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="താളുകൾക്കുള്ള ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ദൃശ്യരൂപം</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">സൈഡ്‌ബാറിലേക്ക് മാറ്റുക</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">മറയ്ക്കുക</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ml" dir="ltr"><div class="nomobile"> <div id="purl" class="NavFrame collapsed" style="float: right; font-size: 85%; position: absolute; top: -4em; right: 0; width: auto; background: #eae9e9;"> <div class="NavHead" style="padding: 1px 8px;"><b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/R">ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് വിലാസം</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Prettyurl#ഉപയോഗക്രമം" title="സഹായം"><img alt="സഹായം" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></b> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background:#eae9e9; width:auto"><span class="plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap; overflow: hidden"><a class="external free" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/R">https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/R</a></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="infobox sisterproject" style="float:right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Wiktionary-logo-ml.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wiktionary"><img alt="Wiktionary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Wiktionary-logo-ml.svg/50px-Wiktionary-logo-ml.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Wiktionary-logo-ml.svg/75px-Wiktionary-logo-ml.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Wiktionary-logo-ml.svg/100px-Wiktionary-logo-ml.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption>Wiktionary</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;"> <i><b><a href="https://ml.wiktionary.org/wiki/R" class="extiw" title="wikt:R">r</a></b></i> എന്ന വാക്കിനർത്ഥം <a href="https://ml.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">മലയാളം വിക്കി നിഘണ്ടുവിൽ</a> കാണുക <br /></div> </div> <table class="infobox" style="-moz-border-radius:.25em;-webkit-border-radius:.25em;border-radius:.25em;width:17em;" cellspacing="4"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6" style="padding:.5em;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Latin_alphabet_Rr.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="R"><img alt="R" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Latin_alphabet_Rr.svg/103px-Latin_alphabet_Rr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="103" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Latin_alphabet_Rr.svg/155px-Latin_alphabet_Rr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Latin_alphabet_Rr.svg/206px-Latin_alphabet_Rr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="35" /></a><figcaption>R</figcaption></figure> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6" style="background:#ccf;padding:.4em;-moz-border-radius:.25em;-webkit-border-radius:.25em;border-radius:.25em;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2" title="ലത്തീൻ അക്ഷരമാല">ലത്തീൻ അക്ഷരമാല</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td width="16.6667%"> </td> <td width="16.6667%"><a href="/wiki/A" class="mw-redirect" title="A">Aa</a></td> <td width="16.6667%"><a href="/wiki/B" class="mw-redirect" title="B">Bb</a></td> <td width="16.6667%"><a href="/wiki/C" class="mw-redirect" title="C">Cc</a></td> <td width="16.6667%"><a href="/wiki/D" class="mw-redirect" title="D">Dd</a></td> <td width="16.6667%">  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">Ee</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/F" class="mw-redirect" title="F">Ff</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/G" class="mw-redirect" title="G">Gg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/H" class="mw-redirect" title="H">Hh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/I" class="mw-redirect" title="I">Ii</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/J" class="mw-redirect" title="J">Jj</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/K" class="mw-redirect" title="K">Kk</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/L" class="mw-redirect" title="L">Ll</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/M" class="mw-redirect" title="M">Mm</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/N" class="mw-redirect" title="N">Nn</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/O" class="mw-redirect" title="O">Oo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/P" class="mw-redirect" title="P">Pp</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Q" class="mw-redirect" title="Q">Qq</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/R" class="mw-redirect" title="R">Rr</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/S" class="mw-redirect" title="S">Ss</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/T" class="mw-redirect" title="T">Tt</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/U" class="mw-redirect" title="U">Uu</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/V" class="mw-redirect" title="V">Vv</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/W" class="mw-redirect" title="W">Ww</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/X" class="mw-redirect" title="X">Xx</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Y" class="mw-redirect" title="Y">Yy</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Z" class="mw-redirect" title="Z">Zz</a></td> <td>  </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>ആധുനിക <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്">ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്</a> അക്ഷരമാലയുടെയും <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%90%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഐ‌എസ്ഒ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഐ‌എസ്ഒ</a> അടിസ്ഥാന <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ലാറ്റിൻ">ലാറ്റിൻ</a> അക്ഷരമാലയുടെയും പതിനെട്ടാമത്തെ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="അക്ഷരം">അക്ഷരമാണ്</a> <b>R</b> അല്ലെങ്കിൽ <b>r</b> . ഇംഗ്ലീഷിൽ ഇതിന്റെ പേര് ആർ (തലവകാരാരണ്യകം /ɑːർ / ), ബഹുവചന പദം <i>ARS,</i> <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> /ɔː ർ/ . <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>അയർലണ്ട്</i> എന്നതിലെ <b>ആർ</b> എന്ന <i>ർ</i> അക്ഷരത്തെ സൂചിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ചരിത്രം"><span id=".E0.B4.9A.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.82"></span>ചരിത്രം</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC_(%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)&action=edit&section=1" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: ചരിത്രം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="പുരാതനകാലം"><span id=".E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.A4.E0.B4.A8.E0.B4.95.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.B2.E0.B4.82"></span>പുരാതനകാലം</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC_(%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)&action=edit&section=2" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: പുരാതനകാലം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Prognatus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Prognatus.png/220px-Prognatus.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Prognatus.png/330px-Prognatus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Prognatus.png 2x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="69" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ലൂസിയസ് കൊർണേലിയസ് (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ലൂസിയസ് കൊർണേലിയസ്</a> സിപിയോ ബാർബറ്റസിന്റെ (ബിസി 280) സർകോഫാഗസിൽ എഴുതിയ <i>പ്രോഗ്നാറ്റസ്</i> എന്ന വാക്ക് <i>അക്കാലത്ത്</i> ലാറ്റിൻ <i>ആർ</i> യുടെ പൂർണ്ണവികസനം വെളിപ്പെടുത്തുന്നു; അതേ സമയം <i><a href="/wiki/P" class="mw-redirect" title="P">P</a></i> എന്ന അക്ഷരം അതിന്റെ പഴയ രൂപം <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="ഗ്രീക്ക്">ഗ്രീക്ക്</a> അല്ലെങ്കിൽ പഴയ ഇറ്റാലിക് <i>റോയിൽ</i> നിന്ന് വേർതിരിച്ചെടുക്കുന്നു. </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Weltchronik_Fulda_Aa88_001r_detail3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Weltchronik_Fulda_Aa88_001r_detail3.jpg/220px-Weltchronik_Fulda_Aa88_001r_detail3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Weltchronik_Fulda_Aa88_001r_detail3.jpg/330px-Weltchronik_Fulda_Aa88_001r_detail3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Weltchronik_Fulda_Aa88_001r_detail3.jpg/440px-Weltchronik_Fulda_Aa88_001r_detail3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="736" /></a><figcaption> മധ്യകാലത്തിന്റെ അവസാനത്തിൽ പ്രകാശിച്ചു </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="കഴ്‌സീവ്"><span id=".E0.B4.95.E0.B4.B4.E0.B5.8D.E2.80.8C.E0.B4.B8.E0.B5.80.E0.B4.B5.E0.B5.8D"></span>കഴ്‌സീവ്</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC_(%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)&action=edit&section=3" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: കഴ്‌സീവ്"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Caslon-specimen-1763-double-pica-black.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Caslon-specimen-1763-double-pica-black.jpg/220px-Caslon-specimen-1763-double-pica-black.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Caslon-specimen-1763-double-pica-black.jpg/330px-Caslon-specimen-1763-double-pica-black.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Caslon-specimen-1763-double-pica-black.jpg 2x" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="255" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് ബ്ലാക്ക്‌ലെറ്റർ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് ബ്ലാക്ക്‌ലെറ്റർ</a> ടൈപ്പോഗ്രാഫിയിൽ <i>r റൊട്ടുണ്ട</i> ഉപയോഗിച്ചതിന്റെ പതിനെട്ടാം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിലെ ഉദാഹരണം </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Luca_Pacioli,_De_divina_proportione,_Letter_R.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Luca_Pacioli%2C_De_divina_proportione%2C_Letter_R.jpg/220px-Luca_Pacioli%2C_De_divina_proportione%2C_Letter_R.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Luca_Pacioli%2C_De_divina_proportione%2C_Letter_R.jpg/330px-Luca_Pacioli%2C_De_divina_proportione%2C_Letter_R.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Luca_Pacioli%2C_De_divina_proportione%2C_Letter_R.jpg/440px-Luca_Pacioli%2C_De_divina_proportione%2C_Letter_R.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2645" data-file-height="3554" /></a><figcaption> <i>ഡി ഡിവിന അനുപാതത്തിൽ</i> (1509) <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF" title="ലൂക്കാ പസിയോളി">ലൂക്കാ പാസിയോലി</a> എഴുതിയ അക്ഷരമാലയിലെ <i>ആർ.</i> </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="നാമം"><span id=".E0.B4.A8.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.AE.E0.B4.82"></span>നാമം</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC_(%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)&action=edit&section=4" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: നാമം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="എഴുത്ത്_സംവിധാനങ്ങളിൽ_ഉപയോഗിക്കുക"><span id=".E0.B4.8E.E0.B4.B4.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.8D_.E0.B4.B8.E0.B4.82.E0.B4.B5.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.A7.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.A8.E0.B4.99.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.99.E0.B4.B3.E0.B4.BF.E0.B5.BD_.E0.B4.89.E0.B4.AA.E0.B4.AF.E0.B5.8B.E0.B4.97.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.95"></span>എഴുത്ത് സംവിധാനങ്ങളിൽ ഉപയോഗിക്കുക</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC_(%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)&action=edit&section=5" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: എഴുത്ത് സംവിധാനങ്ങളിൽ ഉപയോഗിക്കുക"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="അനുബന്ധ_പ്രതീകങ്ങൾ"><span id=".E0.B4.85.E0.B4.A8.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.AC.E0.B4.A8.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.A7_.E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.80.E0.B4.95.E0.B4.99.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.99.E0.B5.BE"></span>അനുബന്ധ പ്രതീകങ്ങൾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC_(%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)&action=edit&section=6" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: അനുബന്ധ പ്രതീകങ്ങൾ"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രം"><span id=".E0.B4.AD.E0.B5.97.E0.B4.A4.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.95.E0.B4.B6.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.B8.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.82"></span>ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രം</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC_(%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)&action=edit&section=7" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>നൊട്ടേഷൻ </th> <th>അളവ് </th> <th>യൂണിറ്റ് </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><i>ആർ</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%82" title="വൈദ്യുതപ്രതിരോധം">വൈദ്യുത പ്രതിരോധം</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%82_(%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D)" title="ഓം (യൂണിറ്റ്)">ഓം</a> (Ω) </td></tr> <tr> <td>റിച്ചി ടെൻസർ </td> <td>യൂണിറ്റില്ലാത്ത </td></tr> <tr> <td>റേഡിയൻസി </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>വാതക സ്ഥിരാങ്കം </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BE" title="ജൂൾ">ജൂൾ</a> പെർ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE_(%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D)" title="മോൾ (യൂണിറ്റ്)">മോൾ</a> -കെൽവിൻ (ജെ / (മോൾ · കെ)) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>r</b> </td> <td>ദൂരം വെക്റ്റർ (സ്ഥാനം) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC" title="മീറ്റർ">മീറ്റർ</a> (മീ) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>r</i> </td> <td style="max-width:20em">ഭ്രമണത്തിന്റെ ദൂരം അല്ലെങ്കിൽ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%90%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%82" title="ഐസക് ന്യൂട്ടന്റെ ഗുരുത്വാകർഷണ നിയമം">ന്യൂട്ടന്റെ സാർവത്രിക ഗുരുത്വാകർഷണ നിയമത്തിലെ</a> പിണ്ഡം പോലുള്ള രണ്ട് കാര്യങ്ങൾ തമ്മിലുള്ള ദൂരം </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC" title="മീറ്റർ">മീറ്റർ</a> (മീ) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="എൻകോഡിംഗ്"><span id=".E0.B4.8E.E0.B5.BB.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.8B.E0.B4.A1.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.82.E0.B4.97.E0.B5.8D"></span>എൻകോഡിംഗ്</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC_(%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)&action=edit&section=8" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: എൻകോഡിംഗ്"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th align="left">അക്ഷരം</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%"><span class="Unicode">R</span></th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%"><span class="Unicode">r</span> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="center"><b>Unicode name</b></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R</span></span></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">    LATIN SMALL LETTER R</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left">Encodings</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></td> <td>82</td> <td>U+0052</td> <td>114</td> <td>U+0072 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></td> <td>82</td> <td>52</td> <td>114</td> <td>72 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numeric_character_reference&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Numeric character reference (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Numeric character reference</a></td> <td>&#82;</td> <td>&#x52;</td> <td>&#114;</td> <td>&#x72; </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=EBCDIC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EBCDIC (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">EBCDIC</a> family</td> <td>217</td> <td>D9</td> <td>153</td> <td>99 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/ASCII" class="mw-redirect" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> <sup>1</sup></td> <td>82</td> <td>52</td> <td>114</td> <td>72 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <dl><dd><span style="font-size:92%;line-height:1.30em;">Also for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.</span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="മറ്റ്_പ്രാതിനിധ്യങ്ങൾ"><span id=".E0.B4.AE.E0.B4.B1.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B1.E0.B5.8D_.E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.A4.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.A8.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.A7.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.AF.E0.B4.99.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.99.E0.B5.BE"></span>മറ്റ് പ്രാതിനിധ്യങ്ങൾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC_(%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)&action=edit&section=9" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: മറ്റ് പ്രാതിനിധ്യങ്ങൾ"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="width: 400px;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="text-align: center; background: white;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 125%;"> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; line-height:1.3em; padding:0.3em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ICAO_spelling_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ICAO spelling alphabet (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">NATO phonetic</a> </td> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/Morse_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Morse code">Morse code</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: monospace; font-weight: bold; line-height: 100%; font-size:150%"> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;">Romeo </td> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver; font-size: large;"><span class="plainlinksneverexpand nounderlines" style="letter-spacing: 0.2em;"><a href="//ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/വിക്കിപീഡിയ:അപ്‌ലോഡ്?wpDestFile=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC_(%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)_morse_code.ogg" class="new" title="ആർ (ഇംഗ്ലീഷക്ഷരം) morse code.ogg">·–·</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="text-align: center; background: white;"> <tbody><tr style="height: 80px;"> <td width="33%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:ICS_Romeo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/ICS_Romeo.svg/75px-ICS_Romeo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/ICS_Romeo.svg/113px-ICS_Romeo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/ICS_Romeo.svg/150px-ICS_Romeo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td width="33%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Semaphore_Romeo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Semaphore_Romeo.svg/90px-Semaphore_Romeo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Semaphore_Romeo.svg/135px-Semaphore_Romeo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Semaphore_Romeo.svg/180px-Semaphore_Romeo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td width="33%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Braille_R.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠗"><img alt="⠗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Braille_R.svg/77px-Braille_R.svg.png" decoding="async" width="77" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Braille_R.svg/116px-Braille_R.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Braille_R.svg/154px-Braille_R.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 125%;"> <td width="33%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver; padding-bottom:0.3em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_maritime_signal_flags&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International maritime signal flags (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Signal flag</a> </td> <td width="33%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_semaphore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag semaphore (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Flag semaphore</a> </td> <td width="33%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Braille">Braille</a> <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Braille_pattern_dots-1235&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Braille pattern dots-1235 (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">dots-1235</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ഇതും_കാണുക"><span id=".E0.B4.87.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.82_.E0.B4.95.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.A3.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.95"></span>ഇതും കാണുക</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC_(%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)&action=edit&section=10" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: ഇതും കാണുക"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഗുട്ടുറൽ ആർ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഗുട്ടുറൽ ആർ</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="അവലംബം"><span id=".E0.B4.85.E0.B4.B5.E0.B4.B2.E0.B4.82.E0.B4.AC.E0.B4.82"></span>അവലംബം</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC_(%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)&action=edit&section=11" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: അവലംബം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4123595">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"R", <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> 2nd edition (1989); "ar", <i>op. cit</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://digilib.k.utb.cz/bitstream/handle/10563/9938/kr%C3%B6merov%C3%A1_2009_bp.pdf?sequence=1">[1]</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ബാഹ്യ_ലിങ്കുകൾ"><span id=".E0.B4.AC.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.B9.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.AF_.E0.B4.B2.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.99.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.BE"></span>ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC_(%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)&action=edit&section=12" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/R" 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