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id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%87%91" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%87%91" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-词源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#词源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>词源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-词源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-特性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#特性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>特性</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-特性-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关特性子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-特性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-延性及展性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延性及展性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>延性及展性</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延性及展性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-與其他物質的反應" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#與其他物質的反應"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>與其他物質的反應</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-與其他物質的反應-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-金的氧化及還原" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#金的氧化及還原"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>金的氧化及還原</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-金的氧化及還原-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-顏色" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#顏色"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>顏色</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-顏色-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他性質" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他性質"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>其他性質</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他性質-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-應用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#應用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>應用</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-應用-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关應用子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-應用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-金融交易" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#金融交易"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>金融交易</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-金融交易-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-收藏用金幣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#收藏用金幣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>收藏用金幣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-收藏用金幣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-珠寶" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#珠寶"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>珠寶</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-珠寶-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-原材料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#原材料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>原材料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-原材料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-焊料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#焊料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>焊料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-焊料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-醫療" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#醫療"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>醫療</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-醫療-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-另類醫療" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#另類醫療"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>另類醫療</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-另類醫療-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-牙醫學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#牙醫學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>牙醫學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-牙醫學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-膠態金" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#膠態金"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.3</span> <span>膠態金</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-膠態金-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-辐射治療" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#辐射治療"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.4</span> <span>辐射治療</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-辐射治療-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-食用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#食用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>食用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-食用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電力傳導" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電力傳導"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>電力傳導</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電力傳導-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-高能量傳導用途" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#高能量傳導用途"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.1</span> <span>高能量傳導用途</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-高能量傳導用途-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電子接件" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電子接件"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.2</span> <span>電子接件</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電子接件-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-開關接觸" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#開關接觸"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.3</span> <span>開關接觸</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-開關接觸-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電磁輻射的反射體" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電磁輻射的反射體"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>電磁輻射的反射體</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電磁輻射的反射體-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-攝影調色劑" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#攝影調色劑"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>攝影調色劑</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-攝影調色劑-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電子顯微鏡的傳導物質" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電子顯微鏡的傳導物質"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>電子顯微鏡的傳導物質</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電子顯微鏡的傳導物質-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>其他</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-歷史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关歷史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-早期的黃金描述" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#早期的黃金描述"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>早期的黃金描述</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-早期的黃金描述-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-前6世紀至前1世紀的黃金" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#前6世紀至前1世紀的黃金"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>前6世紀至前1世紀的黃金</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-前6世紀至前1世紀的黃金-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-前1世紀至2世紀的黃金" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#前1世紀至2世紀的黃金"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>前1世紀至2世紀的黃金</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-前1世紀至2世紀的黃金-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-3世紀至12世紀的黃金" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#3世紀至12世紀的黃金"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>3世紀至12世紀的黃金</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-3世紀至12世紀的黃金-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-12世紀至13世紀的黃金" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#12世紀至13世紀的黃金"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>12世紀至13世紀的黃金</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-12世紀至13世紀的黃金-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-14世紀至16世紀的黃金" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#14世紀至16世紀的黃金"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>14世紀至16世紀的黃金</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-14世紀至16世紀的黃金-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19世紀的黃金" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19世紀的黃金"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>19世紀的黃金</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19世紀的黃金-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-黃金開採的現況" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#黃金開採的現況"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>黃金開採的現況</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-黃金開採的現況-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文學中的金" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文學中的金"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>文學中的金</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文學中的金-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关文學中的金子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-文學中的金-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-希臘神話" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#希臘神話"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>希臘神話</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-希臘神話-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-聖經" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#聖經"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>聖經</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-聖經-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-烏托邦" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#烏托邦"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>烏托邦</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-烏托邦-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-分布" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分布"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>分布</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-分布-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关分布子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-分布-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-自然狀態" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#自然狀態"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>自然狀態</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-自然狀態-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-來源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#來源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>來源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-來源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-金礦石" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#金礦石"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>金礦石</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-金礦石-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生產" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生產"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>生產</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-生產-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关生產子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-生產-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-開採黃金的大小" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#開採黃金的大小"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>開採黃金的大小</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-開採黃金的大小-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-南非的產金業趨勢" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#南非的產金業趨勢"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>南非的產金業趨勢</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-南非的產金業趨勢-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-南非金礦" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#南非金礦"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>南非金礦</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-南非金礦-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他主要生產者" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他主要生產者"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>其他主要生產者</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他主要生產者-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-工業精煉" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#工業精煉"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>工業精煉</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-工業精煉-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-海水化金" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#海水化金"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>海水化金</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-海水化金-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-欺騙的手法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#欺騙的手法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6.1</span> <span>欺騙的手法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-欺騙的手法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-商業上的嘗試" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#商業上的嘗試"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6.2</span> <span>商業上的嘗試</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-商業上的嘗試-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-黃金的供求" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#黃金的供求"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>黃金的供求</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-黃金的供求-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-價格" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#價格"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>價格</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-價格-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关價格子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-價格-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-量度方法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#量度方法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>量度方法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-量度方法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-定價方式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定價方式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>定價方式</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定價方式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-金與貨幣的關係發展" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#金與貨幣的關係發展"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>金與貨幣的關係發展</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-金與貨幣的關係發展-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-固定價格" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#固定價格"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.1</span> <span>固定價格</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-固定價格-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-私人與國際市場的分開處理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#私人與國際市場的分開處理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.2</span> <span>私人與國際市場的分開處理</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-私人與國際市場的分開處理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-黃金儲備" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#黃金儲備"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>黃金儲備</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-黃金儲備-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-價格記錄" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#價格記錄"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>價格記錄</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-價格記錄-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-長期價格趨勢" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#長期價格趨勢"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>長期價格趨勢</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-長期價格趨勢-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-化合物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#化合物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>化合物</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-化合物-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关化合物子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-化合物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-其他价态" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他价态"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>其他价态</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他价态-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-混合價化合物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#混合價化合物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>混合價化合物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-混合價化合物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-含有金-金属键的配合物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#含有金-金属键的配合物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>含有金-金属键的配合物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-含有金-金属键的配合物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-同位素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同位素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>同位素</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-同位素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-象徵意義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#象徵意義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>象徵意義</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-象徵意義-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关象徵意義子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-象徵意義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-正反意義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#正反意義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>正反意義</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-正反意義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-金在儀式中的象徵" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#金在儀式中的象徵"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>金在儀式中的象徵</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-金在儀式中的象徵-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-現代使用黃金的象徵手法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#現代使用黃金的象徵手法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>現代使用黃金的象徵手法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-現代使用黃金的象徵手法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-毒性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#毒性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>毒性</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-毒性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>其他</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-其他_2-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关其他子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-其他_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-制备" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#制备"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>制备</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-制备-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-「咬金測試」" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#「咬金測試」"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>「咬金測試」</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-「咬金測試」-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-元素符号由来" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#元素符号由来"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>元素符号由来</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-元素符号由来-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-煉金術" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#煉金術"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.4</span> <span>煉金術</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-煉金術-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>相關條目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">金</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。232种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-232" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">232种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meuih" title="Meuih – 亚齐语" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Meuih" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亚齐语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goud" title="Goud – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Goud" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold" title="Gold – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gold" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Алтын – 南阿尔泰语" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Алтын" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="南阿尔泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%88%E1%88%AD%E1%89%85" title="ወርቅ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ወርቅ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oro" title="Oro – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Oro" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold" title="Gold – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Gold" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="सोना – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="सोना" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D9%87%D8%A8" title="ذهب – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ذهب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%95%DC%97%DC%92%DC%90" title="ܕܗܒܐ – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܕܗܒܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A8" title="دهب – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="دهب" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A8" title="دهب – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دهب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A3" title="সোণ – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সোণ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oru" title="Oru – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Oru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Месед – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Месед" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quri" title="Quri – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Quri" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1z%C4%B1l" title="Qızıl – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qızıl" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%84" title="قیزیل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قیزیل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Алтын – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Алтын" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mas" title="Mas – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Mas" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goid" title="Goid – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Goid" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auksos" title="Auksos – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Auksos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulawan" title="Bulawan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bulawan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Золата – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Золата" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Золата – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Золата" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Злато – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Злато" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="सोना – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सोना" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amas" title="Amas – 班亞爾文" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Amas" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="班亞爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="সোনা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সোনা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="གསེར། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གསེར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aour" title="Aour – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Aour" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zlato" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Алтан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Алтан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or" title="Or – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Or" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oro" title="Oro – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Oro" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%ADng" title="Gĭng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gĭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulawan" title="Bulawan – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bulawan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oru" title="Oru – 查莫罗语" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Oru" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="查莫罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%95%E1%8E%B8_%E1%8F%93%E1%8E%B6%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%A8" title="ᎠᏕᎸ ᏓᎶᏂᎨ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏕᎸ ᏓᎶᏂᎨ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9hone-ma%27kaata" title="Véhone-ma'kaata – 夏延语" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Véhone-ma'kaata" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="夏延语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8E%DA%95" title="زێڕ – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زێڕ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oru" title="Oru – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Oru" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt%C4%B1n" title="Altın – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Altın" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zlato" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C5%82oto" title="Złoto – 卡舒比语" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Złoto" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒比语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%99%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Ꙁлато – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Ꙁлато" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BD" title="Ылтăн – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ылтăн" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aur" title="Aur – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Aur" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guld" title="Guld – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Guld" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold" title="Gold – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gold" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zern" title="Zern – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Zern" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amas" title="Amas – 中部杜順文" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Amas" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="中部杜順文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%81%CF%85%CF%83%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Χρυσός – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χρυσός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%94r" title="Ôr – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Ôr" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold" title="Gold – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gold" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oro" title="Oro – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Oro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oro" title="Oro – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuld" title="Kuld – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kuld" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urre" title="Urre – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Urre" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oru" title="Oru – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Oru" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7" title="طلا – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="طلا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulta" title="Kulta – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kulta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuld" title="Kuld – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kuld" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koula" title="Koula – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Koula" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gull" title="Gull – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Gull" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or" title="Or – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Or" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gul" title="Gul – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Gul" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aur" title="Aur – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Aur" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goud" title="Goud – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Goud" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93r" title="Ór – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ór" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="金" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B2" title="Lò – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lò" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92r" title="Òr – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Òr" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouro" title="Ouro – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ouro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarepotiju" title="Kuarepotiju – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuarepotiju" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%82" title="સોનું – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સોનું" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airh" title="Airh – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Airh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinare" title="Zinare – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Zinare" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%AEm" title="Kîm – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kîm" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%94%D7%91" title="זהב – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זהב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="सोना – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सोना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sona" title="Sona – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Sona" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zlato" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C5%82oto" title="Złoto – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Złoto" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B2" title="Lò – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lò" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arany_(k%C3%A9miai_elem)" title="Arany (kémiai elem) – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Arany (kémiai elem)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%AB" title="Ոսկի – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ոսկի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%AB" title="Ոսկի – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ոսկի" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auro" title="Auro – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Auro" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mas" title="Mas – 伊班语" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Mas" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emas" title="Emas – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Emas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manik_kaviqsuaq" title="Manik kaviqsuaq – 伊努皮克语" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Manik kaviqsuaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="伊努皮克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balitok" title="Balitok – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Balitok" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%83%D0%B2" title="Дошув – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Дошув" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oro" title="Oro – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Oro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gull" title="Gull – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gull" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oro" title="Oro – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Oro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="金" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guol" title="Guol – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Guol" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/solji" title="solji – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="solji" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emas" title="Emas – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Emas" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="ოქრო – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოქრო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt%C4%B1n" title="Altın – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Altın" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ure%C9%A3" title="Ureɣ – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ureɣ" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%CC%84%C9%A9%C9%A3l%C9%A9m_sika" title="N̄ɩɣlɩm sika – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="N̄ɩɣlɩm sika" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1na-a%CC%B1shong" title="A̱na-a̱shong – 卡塔布语" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱na-a̱shong" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolo" title="Wolo – 刚果语" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Wolo" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="刚果语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold" title="Gold – 吉库尤语" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Gold" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="吉库尤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Алтын – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Алтын" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuulti" title="Kuulti – 格陵兰语" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Kuulti" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="格陵兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F" title="មាស – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="មាស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8" title="ಚಿನ್ನ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚಿನ್ನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%88" title="금 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="금" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Зарни – 科米-彼尔米亚克语" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Зарни" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="科米-彼尔米亚克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%84%D9%86" title="سۄن – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="سۄن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jold" title="Jold – 科隆语" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Jold" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%AAr" title="Zêr – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zêr" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Зарни – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Зарни" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owr" title="Owr – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Owr" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Алтын – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Алтын" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurum" title="Aurum – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aurum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold" title="Gold – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gold" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Муси – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Муси" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Къизил – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Къизил" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zzaabu" title="Zzaabu – 卢干达语" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Zzaabu" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="卢干达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goud" title="Goud – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Goud" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96o" title="Öo – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Öo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92r" title="Òr – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Òr" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or" title="Or – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Or" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B3lo" title="Wólo – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Wólo" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B3" title="ທອງຄຳ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ທອງຄຳ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auksas" title="Auksas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Auksas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelts" title="Zelts – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zelts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="सोना – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सोना" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Зирня – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Зирня" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volamena" title="Volamena – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Volamena" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%A7%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8C%D3%A7" title="Шӧртньӧ – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Шӧртньӧ" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Злато – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Злато" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="സ്വർണം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്വർണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Алт – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Алт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯁꯅꯥ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯅꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87" title="सोने – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सोने" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%A7%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8C%D3%B9" title="Шӧртньӹ – 西馬里文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Шӧртньӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emas" title="Emas – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Emas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouro" title="Ouro – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ouro" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1" title="ရွှေ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရွှေ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Сырне – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Сырне" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teocuitlatl" title="Teocuitlatl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Teocuitlatl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold" title="Gold – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gold" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold" title="Gold – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Gold" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8" title="सुन – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सुन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82" title="लुं – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लुं" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goud" title="Goud – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Goud" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gull" title="Gull – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gull" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gull" title="Gull – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gull" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ore" title="Ore – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Ore" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or" title="Or – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Or" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93ola" title="Óola – 纳瓦霍语" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Óola" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="纳瓦霍语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aur" title="Aur – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Aur" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuldu" title="Kuldu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kuldu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warqee" title="Warqee – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Warqee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE" title="ସୁନା – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସୁନା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B7%C3%A6%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Сыгъзæрин – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сыгъзæрин" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਸੋਨਾ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੋਨਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gint%C3%BB" title="Gintû – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Gintû" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oro" title="Oro – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Oro" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="औरियम – 巴利语" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="औरियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="巴利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C5%82oto" title="Złoto – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Złoto" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92r_(element)" title="Òr (element) – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Òr (element)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7" title="سونا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سونا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="سره زر – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سره زر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouro" title="Ouro – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ouro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quri" title="Quri – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Quri" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aur" title="Aur – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Aur" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aur" title="Aur – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aur" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malam%C3%A2" title="Malamâ – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Malamâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Золото – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Золото" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Золото – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Золото" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="सुवर्णम् – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सुवर्णम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%AF%D1%81" title="Көмүс – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Көмүс" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱥᱚᱱᱟ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱚᱱᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oro" title="Oro – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Oro" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oru" title="Oru – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Oru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gowd" title="Gowd – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gowd" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="سون – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golli" title="Golli – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Golli" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zlato" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="රන් – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold" title="Gold – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gold" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zlato" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zlato" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolle" title="Kolle – 伊纳里萨米语" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kolle" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊纳里萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndarama" title="Ndarama – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ndarama" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahab" title="Dahab – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dahab" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ari" title="Ari – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Злато – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Злато" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gowtu" title="Gowtu – 苏里南汤加语" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Gowtu" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="苏里南汤加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gould" title="Gould – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Gould" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emas" title="Emas – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Emas" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guld" title="Guld – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Guld" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhahabu" title="Dhahabu – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dhahabu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தங்கம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தங்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಬಂಗಾರ್ – 圖盧文" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಬಂಗಾರ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="圖盧文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="బంగారం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బంగారం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Тило – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Тило" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3" title="ทองคำ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทองคำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginto" title="Ginto – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ginto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt%C4%B1n" title="Altın – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Altın" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Алтын – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Алтын" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Алдын – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Алдын" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%DB%87%D9%86" title="ئالتۇن – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئالتۇن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Золото – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Золото" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7" title="سونا – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سونا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oltin" title="Oltin – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oltin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oro" title="Oro – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Oro" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuld" title="Kuld – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kuld" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A0ng" title="Vàng – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vàng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldin" title="Goldin – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Goldin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%94r" title="Ôr – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ôr" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulawan" title="Bulawan – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bulawan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="金" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Алтын – 卡尔梅克语" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Алтын" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="卡尔梅克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igolide" title="Igolide – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Igolide" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D" title="ორქო – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ორქო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%93" title="גאלד – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גאלד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BAr%C3%A0" title="Wúrà – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Wúrà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gim" title="Gim – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Gim" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%96" title="ⵓⵔⵖ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵓⵔⵖ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91" title="黃金 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="黃金" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim" title="Kim – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kim" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="金" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igolide" title="Igolide – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Igolide" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q897#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E9%87%91" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gold" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q897" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-3a6b456b" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="黃金">黃金</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-3a6b456b" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:盎司; zh-tw:盎司; zh-hk:安士;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:轨道; zh-hant:軌域;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:贱金属; zh-hant:卑金屬;"></div></div></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/24px-Confusion_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/36px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/48px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span><b>提示</b>：此条目页的主题不是<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="金属">金属</a></b>。</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r74069148"><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span>此条目页的主題是金屬元素。关于与「<b>金</b>」標題相近或相同的条目页，請見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89)" class="mw-disambig" title="金 (消歧义)">金 (消歧义)</a></b>」。</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r74069148"><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span>「<b>黄金</b>」重定向至此。关于其他用法，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89)" class="mw-disambig" title="黄金 (消歧义)">黄金 (消歧义)</a></b>」。</div> <p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r77235331">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox td[colspan="2"]>.wikitable,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox .periodictable{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox td[colspan="2"]{width:calc(100% - 20px)}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox td[colspan="2"]>div{max-width:100%;overflow:auto}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">金 <sub><span style="font-size:smaller">79</span></sub>Au</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="periodictable" style="margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:10px"> <table class="nogrid Yuansuzhouqibiao_nav" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; empty-cells: show;padding:0; border: none;border-spacing:1px;border-collapse:separate;margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83953186">.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_nav span{display:block;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_nav td{border:none;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali,.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#ff6666}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_predicted{background-color:#ffa1a1}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth,.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth .navbox-title{background-color:#ffdead}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth_predicted{background-color:#ffecd3}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide{background-color:#ffbfff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide{background-color:#ff99cc}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_superactinides{background-color:#b5c8ff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_superactinides_predicted{background-color:#d1ddff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_eka_superactinide{background-color:#a0e032}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_eka_superactinide_predicted{background-color:#c6dd9d}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition,.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition .navbox-title{background-color:#ffc0c0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition_predicted{background-color:#ffe2e2}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition{background-color:#cccccc}.mw-parser-output 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.Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas_predicted{background-color:#ddffff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_supercritical_atom{background-color:#f4f4c6}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_supercritical_atom_predicted{background-color:#f4f4c6}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_no_electron{background-color:#d0d0d0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_s_block{background-color:#ff6699}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_s_block_predicted{background-color:#FBD}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_p_block{background-color:#99ccff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_p_block_predicted{background-color:#CEF}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_d_block{background-color:#ccff99}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_d_block_predicted{background-color:#DFC}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_ds_block{background-color:#90ffb0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_ds_block_predicted{background-color:#C7FFD7}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_f_block{background-color:#66ffcc}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_f_block_predicted{background-color:#BFE}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_g_block{background-color:#ffcc66}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_g_block_predicted{background-color:#FDA}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_h_block{background-color:#F0908C}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_h_block_predicted{background-color:#F0B6B4}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown{background-color:#e8e8e8}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_error_type{background-color:#000000}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_null{background-color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_maybe_not_exist{background-color:white}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_none_type{background-color:#c0c0c0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_gas{color:green}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_liquid{color:blue}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_solid{color:black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknow_phase{color:grey}</style><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢"><span title="氫（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氫（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦"><span title="氦（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氦（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂"><span title="鋰（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋰（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍"><span title="鈹（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈹（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼"><span title="硼（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">硼（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳"><span title="碳（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">碳（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮"><span title="氮（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氮（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧"><span title="氧（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氧（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟"><span title="氟（鹵素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氟（鹵素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖"><span title="氖（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氖（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠"><span title="鈉（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈉（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁"><span title="鎂（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎂（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝"><span title="鋁（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋁（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅"><span title="矽（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">矽（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷"><span title="磷（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">磷（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫"><span title="硫（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">硫（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯"><span title="氯（鹵素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氯（鹵素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩"><span title="氬（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氬（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾"><span title="鉀（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉀（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙"><span title="鈣（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈣（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AA" title="钪"><span title="鈧（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈧（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛"><span title="鈦（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈦（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒"><span title="釩（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釩（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬"><span title="鉻（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉻（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰"><span title="錳（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">錳（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁"><span title="鐵（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐵（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4" title="钴"><span title="鈷（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈷（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍"><span title="鎳（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎳（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜"><span title="銅（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銅（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌"><span title="鋅（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋅（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%93" title="镓"><span title="鎵（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎵（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗"><span title="鍺（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鍺（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7" title="砷"><span title="砷（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">砷（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒"><span title="硒（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">硒（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴"><span title="溴（鹵素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="width:6px;height:8px;">溴（鹵素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AA" title="氪"><span title="氪（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氪（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷"><span title="銣（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銣（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶"><span title="鍶（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鍶（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;padding:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇"><span title="釔（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釔（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%86" title="锆"><span title="鋯（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋯（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌"><span title="鈮（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈮（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼"><span title="鉬（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉬（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝"><span title="鎝（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎝（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌"><span title="釕（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釕（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑"><span title="銠（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銠（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AF" title="钯"><span title="鈀（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈀（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀"><span title="銀（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銀（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%89" title="镉"><span title="鎘（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎘（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9F" title="铟"><span title="銦（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銦（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡"><span title="錫（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">錫（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%91" title="锑"><span title="銻（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銻（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲"><span title="碲（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">碲（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘"><span title="碘（鹵素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="width:6px;height:8px;">碘（鹵素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙"><span title="氙（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氙（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯"><span title="銫（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銫（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A1" title="钡"><span title="鋇（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋇（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧"><span title="鑭（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鑭（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%88" title="铈"><span title="鈰（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈰（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨"><span title="鐠（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐠（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%95" title="钕"><span title="釹（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釹（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B7" title="钷"><span title="鉕（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉕（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%90" title="钐"><span title="釤（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釤（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%95" title="铕"><span title="銪（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銪（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%86" title="钆"><span title="釓（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釓（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BD" title="铽"><span title="鋱（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋱（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%9D" title="镝"><span title="鏑（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鏑（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AC" title="钬"><span title="鈥（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈥（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%92" title="铒"><span title="鉺（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉺（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥"><span title="銩（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銩（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B1" title="镱"><span title="鐿（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐿（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A5" title="镥"><span title="鎦（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎦（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪"><span title="鉿（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉿（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD" title="钽"><span title="鉭（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉭（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨"><span title="鎢（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎢（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BC" title="铼"><span title="錸（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">錸（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇"><span title="鋨（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋨（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B1" title="铱"><span title="銥（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銥（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂"><span title="鉑（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉑（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span title="金（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">金（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞"><span title="汞（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">汞（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8A" title="铊"><span title="鉈（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉈（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅"><span title="鉛（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉛（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋"><span title="鉍（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉍（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B" title="钋"><span title="釙（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釙（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B9" title="砹"><span title="砈（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">砈（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡"><span title="氡（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氡（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AB" title="钫"><span title="鍅（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鍅（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭"><span title="鐳（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐳（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95" title="锕"><span title="錒（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">錒（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍"><span title="釷（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釷（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A4" title="镤"><span title="鏷（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鏷（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾"><span title="鈾（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈾（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8E" title="镎"><span title="錼（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">錼（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚"><span title="鈽（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈽（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅"><span title="鋂（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋂（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔"><span title="鋦（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋦（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AB" title="锫"><span title="鉳（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉳（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎"><span title="鉲（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉲（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BF" title="锿"><span title="鑀（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鑀（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄"><span title="鐨（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐨（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%94" title="钔"><span title="鍆（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鍆（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%98" title="锘"><span title="鍩（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鍩（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%92" title="鐒"><span title="鐒（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐒（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪"><span title="鑪（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鑪（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀"><span title="𨧀（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">𨧀（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%8E" title="𨭎"><span title="𨭎（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">𨭎（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A8%8F" title="𨨏"><span title="𨨏（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">𨨏（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%86" title="𨭆"><span title="𨭆（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">𨭆（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%A5%91" title="䥑"><span title="䥑（預測為過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">䥑（預測為過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%BD" title="鐽"><span title="鐽（預測為過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐽（預測為過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%80" title="錀"><span title="錀（預測為過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">錀（預測為過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B6" title="鎶"><span title="鎶（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎶（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A8" title="鉨"><span title="鉨（預測為貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉨（預測為貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇"><span title="鈇（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈇（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%86" title="镆"><span title="鏌（預測為貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鏌（預測為貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9D" title="鉝"><span title="鉝（預測為貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉝（預測為貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬"><span title="鿬（預測為鹵素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鿬（預測為鹵素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫"><span title="鿫（預測為惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鿫（預測為惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="银">银</a><br />↑<br /><span style="font-size:110%; line-height:110%;"><b>金</b></span><br />↓<br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%80" title="錀">錀</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂">铂</a> ← <span style="font-size:110%; line-height:110%;"><b>金</b></span> → <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">汞</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">外觀</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">金属：金色<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold-crystals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gold-crystals.jpg/250px-Gold-crystals.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gold-crystals.jpg/375px-Gold-crystals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gold-crystals.jpg/500px-Gold-crystals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4788" data-file-height="3102" /></a></span><br />金的<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93" title="晶体">晶体</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">概況</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">名稱·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="元素列表">符號</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B0" title="原子序数">序數</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">金（Gold）·Au·79</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">元素類別</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="过渡金属">过渡金属</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="族 (化学)">族</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="元素周期">週期</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="元素分区">區</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/11%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="11族元素">11</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC6%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第6周期元素">6</a>·<a href="/wiki/D%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="D区元素">d</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="原子量">標準原子質量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">196.966570(4)<sup id="cite_ref-CIAAW2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAAW2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%8E%92%E5%B8%83" title="电子排布">电子排布</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙">Xe</a>]4f<sup>14</sup>5d<sup>10</sup>6s<sup>1</sup><br />2，8，18，32，18，1 <div style="border:0; margin:0 auto;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Electron_shell_079_Gold_-_no_label.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="金的电子層（2，8，18，32，18，1）"><img alt="金的电子層（2，8，18，32，18，1）" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Electron_shell_079_Gold_-_no_label.svg/153px-Electron_shell_079_Gold_-_no_label.svg.png" decoding="async" width="153" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Electron_shell_079_Gold_-_no_label.svg/230px-Electron_shell_079_Gold_-_no_label.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Electron_shell_079_Gold_-_no_label.svg/306px-Electron_shell_079_Gold_-_no_label.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>金的电子層（2，8，18，32，18，1）</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">歷史</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="化學元素發現年表">發現</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="中東">中東</a>人（早於公元前6000年）</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">物理性質</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8_(%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8)" title="相 (物质)">物態</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93" title="固体">固体</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（接近<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E6%BA%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="室溫">室温</a>）<br />19.30 <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B" title="克">g</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%98%E7%B1%B3" title="厘米">cm</a><sup>−3</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a>時液體密度</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">17.31 g·cm<sup>−3</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1337.33 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="开尔文">K</a>，1064.18 <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="摄氏温标">°C</a>，1947.52 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="华氏温标">°F</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E9%BB%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="沸點">沸點</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">3129 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="开尔文">K</a>，2856 <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="摄氏温标">°C</a>，5173 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="华氏温标">°F</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E5%8C%96%E7%83%AD" title="熔化热">熔化热</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">12.55 <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3%E6%AF%8F%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94" title="焦耳每摩尔">kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E5%8C%96%E7%83%AD" title="汽化热">汽化热</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">324 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E7%86%B1%E5%AE%B9" title="比熱容">比熱容</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">25.418 J·mol<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%A3%E5%A3%93" title="蒸氣壓">蒸氣壓</a></b><div style="position:relative; margin:0 auto; padding:0; text-align:initial; width:-moz-fit-content;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:fit-content;"> <table class="wikitable nowrap" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td>壓/Pa </td> <td>1 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>1 k </td> <td>10 k </td> <td>100 k </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>溫/K </td> <td>1646 </td> <td>1814 </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>2281 </td> <td>2620 </td> <td>3078 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">原子性質</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%80%81" title="氧化态">氧化态</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">-1, 1, 2, <b>3</b>, 4, 5<br />（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E6%80%A7_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8)" title="兩性 (化學)">兩性</a>氧化物）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%B4%9F%E6%80%A7" title="电负性">电负性</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2.54（鲍林标度）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB%E8%83%BD" title="电离能">电离能</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">第一：890.1 <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3%E6%AF%8F%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94" title="焦耳每摩尔">kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup></a><br />第二：1980 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="原子半径">原子半径</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">144 <a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E7%B1%B3" title="皮米">pm</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BB%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="共价半径">共价半径</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">136±6 pm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="范德华半径">范德华半径</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">166 pm</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gold_spectrum_visible.png/240px-Gold_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gold_spectrum_visible.png/360px-Gold_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gold_spectrum_visible.png/480px-Gold_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><strong>金的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%B0%B1%E7%BA%BF" title="原子谱线">原子谱线</a></strong></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">雜項</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="晶体结构">晶体结构</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" title="立方晶系">面心立方</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81" title="磁">磁序</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E7%A3%81%E6%80%A7" title="抗磁性">抗磁性</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">電阻率</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（20 °C）22.14 n Ω·m</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87" title="熱導率">熱導率</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">318 W·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">膨脹係數</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（25 °C）14.2 µm·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F" title="音速">聲速</a>（細棒）</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（室溫）2030 <a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%8F%E7%A7%92" title="米每秒">m·s<sup>−1</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E6%8B%89%E5%BC%B7%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="抗拉強度">抗拉強度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">120 MPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E6%B0%8F%E6%A8%A1%E9%87%8F" title="杨氏模量">杨氏模量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">79 GPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AA%E5%88%87%E6%A8%A1%E9%87%8F" title="剪切模量">剪切模量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">27 GPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E7%A7%AF%E6%A8%A1%E9%87%8F" title="体积模量">体积模量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">180<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%8A%E6%9D%BE%E6%AF%94" title="泊松比">泊松比</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">0.44</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%B0%8F%E7%A1%AC%E5%BA%A6" title="莫氏硬度">莫氏硬度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2.5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E6%B0%8F%E7%A1%AC%E5%BA%A6%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C" title="维氏硬度试验">維氏硬度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">216 MPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%B0%8F%E7%A1%AC%E5%BA%A6%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C" title="布氏硬度试验">布氏硬度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">25 HB MPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/CAS%E5%8F%B7" title="CAS号">CAS号</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7440-57-5">7440-57-5</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">同位素<div style="float:right;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe 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li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_gold_isotopes" title="Template:Infobox gold isotopes"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Infobox_gold_isotopes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Infobox gold isotopes（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Infobox_gold_isotopes" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Infobox gold isotopes"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="金的同位素">金的同位素</a><br /> <div> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center;width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素">同位素</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="丰度">丰度</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a><small><span style="font-weight:normal;">（<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>）</span></small> </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7#衰变" title="放射性">衰變</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="衰變方式">方式</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E8%83%BD" title="衰变能">能量</a><small><span style="font-weight:normal;">（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9" title="電子伏特">MeV</a>）</span></small> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="衰变产物">產物</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>195</sup>Au </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="人造同位素">人造</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">186.01 <sub><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5" title="日">天</a></sub> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%98%E8%8E%B7" title="电子俘获">ε</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">0.227 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>195</sup>Pt </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>197</sup>Au </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">100% </td> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%B3%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="稳定同位素">穩定</a>，帶118粒<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91-198" title="金-198"><sup>198</sup>Au</a> </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">人造 </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">2.69464 <sub><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5" title="日">天</a></sub> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98#β-衰变" title="Β衰变">β<sup>−</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">1.374 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>198</sup>Hg </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>199</sup>Au </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">人造 </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">3.139 <sub><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5" title="日">天</a></sub> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98#β-衰变" title="Β衰变">β<sup>−</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">0.452 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>199</sup>Hg </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>金</b>（<span style="font-size:;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="汉语拼音">拼音</a>：<span lang="zh-latn-pinyin">jīn</span>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="注音符號">注音</a>：<span lang="zh-bopo">ㄐㄧㄣˉ</span>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="香港語言學學會粵語拼音方案">粤拼</a>：<span lang="yue-latn-jyutping">gam1</span>，音同「今」</span>），是一種<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a>，其<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="化學符號">化學符號</a>为<b>Au</b>（源于<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：<span lang="la"><b>Aurum</b></span>），<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="原子序數">原子序數</a>为79，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="原子量">原子量</a>為<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">7002196966570000000♠</span>196.966<span style="margin-left:.25em;">570</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="原子质量单位">u</a></span>。纯金是有明亮光泽、黄中带红、柔软、密度高、有<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E5%B1%95%E6%80%A7" title="延展性">延展性</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="金属">金属</a>。金在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表">元素周期表</a>中在<a href="/wiki/11%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="11族元素">11族</a>，属<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="过渡金属">过渡金属</a>，是化学性质最不活泼的几种元素之一。金在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E7%8A%B6%E5%86%B5" title="标准状况">标准状况</a>下是固体，在自然界中常以游离态单质形式存在，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3" title="岩石">岩石</a>、地下<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E8%84%88" title="礦脈">礦脈</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%A9%8D%E5%B1%A4" title="沖積層">沖積層</a>中堆积的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%82%E9%87%91" title="砂金">砂金</a>或金粒。金能和游离态的<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="银">银</a>形成<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E6%BA%B6%E4%BD%93" title="固溶体">固溶体</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="琥珀金">琥珀金</a>，在自然界中也能和<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜">铜</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AF" title="钯">钯</a>形成<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E9%87%91" title="合金">合金</a>。矿物中的金化合物不太常见，主要是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">碲</a>化金。 </p><p>金的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B0" title="原子序数">原子序数</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99" title="宇宙">宇宙</a>中天然存在的元素中是较高的。据信这种重元素是在两颗<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E6%98%9F" title="中子星">中子星</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E7%A2%B0%E6%92%9E#中子星碰撞" title="恆星碰撞">碰撞</a>时的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="超新星核合成">超新星核合成</a>中产生<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，在太阳系形成前的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%98%9F%E9%9B%B2" title="太陽星雲">尘埃</a>中就已存在。由于<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="地球历史">地球形成之初</a>还处于熔化状态，<span class="ilh-all ilh-blue" data-orig-title="早期地球" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="early Earth"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" class="mw-redirect" title="早期地球">早期地球</a></span></span>的金几乎都已沉入<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%A0%B8" title="地核">地核</a>。因此，现在地球上<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3" title="地壳">地壳</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%B9%94" title="地幔">地幔</a>的金多是拜后来<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E6%9C%9F%E9%87%8D%E8%BD%B0%E7%82%B8%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="后期重轰炸期">后期重轰炸期</a>（约40亿年前）的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="小行星">小行星</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%9E%E6%93%8A%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="撞擊事件">撞击事件</a>所赐。 </p><p>金能抵抗单一<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8" title="酸">酸</a>的侵蚀，但却能被<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%B0%B4" title="王水">王水</a>溶解。这种混合酸能和金反应生成<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%90%88%E9%87%91%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="四氯合金酸">四氯合金酸</a>根<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="阴离子">离子</a>。金也能溶于<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="碱性">碱性</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B0%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氰化物">氰化物</a>溶液，这是其<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E6%B0%B0%E5%8C%96%E6%B3%95" title="黃金氰化法">开采</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E9%95%80" title="电镀">电镀</a>的原理。能夠溶解銀及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%91%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="卑金屬">卑金屬</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8" title="硝酸">硝酸</a>不能溶解金，这些性質是黃金<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%85%89" class="mw-redirect" title="精煉">精煉</a>技術的基础，也是用硝酸来鉴别物品裡是否含有金的原理，这一方法是英語諺語「acid test」的語源，意指用「測試黃金的標準」来測試目標物是否名副其實。此外，金能溶于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%8A%80" class="mw-redirect" title="水銀">水銀</a>，形成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E%E9%BD%8A" title="汞齊">汞齊</a>（也是一种合金），但这并非<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="化学反应">化学反應</a>。 </p><p>金在有<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B2" title="信史">历史记载</a>以前就是一種廣受歡迎的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="貴金屬">貴金屬</a>，用于<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="貨幣">貨幣</a>、保值物、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%A0%E5%AF%B6" title="珠寶">珠寶</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E5%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="艺术品">艺术品</a>。以前国内和国际通常实行以金为基础的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%8D" title="金本位">金本位</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="货币政策">货币制度</a>，但1930年代时金币已停止流通。70年代，随着<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%9B%B7%E9%A0%93%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="布雷頓森林協定">布雷頓森林協定</a>的结束，世界范围内的金本位制终于让位给<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%9A%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="法定货币">法定货币</a>制度。不过因其稀有，易于熔炼、加工和铸币，色泽独特，抗<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%90%E8%9A%80" title="腐蚀">腐蚀</a>，不易和其他物质反应等特点，金的价值并不下降。 </p><p>截至2021年<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2021-Missing required parameter 1=<i>month</i>!</span>)</span><sup class="plainlinks noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>底，人类总共开采205,238<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%99%B8" title="公噸">公噸</a>的金。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>产量中的50%用于珠宝，40%用于<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%95%E8%B5%84" title="投资">投资</a>，还有10%用于<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A" title="工业">工业</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-oil-price.com-worlds-gold-consumption_2011_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oil-price.com-worlds-gold-consumption_2011-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>因其高延展性，導電性，抗強酸、強鹼、化學藥品之侵蝕性，在大多数反应中的惰性和导电性，金一直在各类电子设备中用作耐腐蚀的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E5%99%A8" title="电子连接器">电子连接器</a>，这是它的主要工业用途。此外它还用于屏蔽<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%A4%96%E7%BA%BF" title="红外线">红外线</a>，生产<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="有色玻璃" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="colored glass"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E8%89%B2%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有色玻璃（页面不存在）">有色玻璃</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/colored_glass" class="extiw" title="en:colored glass"><span lang="en" dir="auto">colored glass</span></a></span>）</span></span>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%AE%94" title="金箔">金箔</a>，以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%99%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="牙醫學">修补牙齿</a>。有些金<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%90_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="盐 (化学)">盐</a>在医学上仍作为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E7%82%8E%E8%8D%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="消炎药">消炎药</a>使用。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="词源"><span id=".E8.AF.8D.E6.BA.90"></span>词源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：词源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>英语“gold”和很多<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="日耳曼语族">日耳曼语族</a>的相应单词<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%BA%90%E8%AF%8D" title="同源词">同源</a>，源于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="原始日耳曼語">原始日耳曼语</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/wikt:Appendix:Proto-Germanic/gul%C3%BE%C4%85" class="extiw" title="en:wikt:Appendix:Proto-Germanic/gulþą">*<i>gulþą</i></a>，而后者则源于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="原始印欧语">原始印欧语</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/wikt:Appendix:Proto-Indo-European/%C7%B5%CA%B0elh%E2%82%83-" class="extiw" title="en:wikt:Appendix:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰelh₃-">*<i>ǵʰelh₃-</i></a>，意为“闪耀，闪光；呈黄色或绿色”。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>符号<b>Au</b>则是来自<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：<span lang="la"><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/aurum" class="extiw" title="wikt:aurum">aurum</a></span>，意即“金”。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>后者本身则来自原始印欧语<i>*h₂é-h₂us-o-</i>，意为“发光”。这个词和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：<span lang="la">aurora</span>（“黎明”）的源词<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/wikt:Appendix:Proto-Indo-European/h%E2%82%82%C3%A9ws%C5%8Ds" class="extiw" title="en:wikt:Appendix:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éwsōs">*h₂éu̯sōs</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E6%A0%B9" title="词根">词根</a>相同，是<i>*h₂u̯es-</i>。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>也许是因为这种词源关系，是科学出版物中常说aurum意思是“闪亮的黎明”。<sup id="cite_ref-Brathwaite_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brathwaite-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="特性"><span id=".E7.89.B9.E6.80.A7"></span>特性</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：特性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_nugget_(Australia)_4_(16848647509).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Gold_nugget_%28Australia%29_4_%2816848647509%29.jpg/220px-Gold_nugget_%28Australia%29_4_%2816848647509%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Gold_nugget_%28Australia%29_4_%2816848647509%29.jpg/330px-Gold_nugget_%28Australia%29_4_%2816848647509%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Gold_nugget_%28Australia%29_4_%2816848647509%29.jpg/440px-Gold_nugget_%28Australia%29_4_%2816848647509%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3531" data-file-height="2278" /></a><figcaption>產自澳大利亞的金塊</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="延性及展性"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E6.80.A7.E5.8F.8A.E5.B1.95.E6.80.A7"></span>延性及展性</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：延性及展性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>金是延性及展性最高的金屬。一<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B" title="克">克</a>金可以打成一<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%B9%E7%B1%B3" title="平方米">平方米</a>薄片或拉長成4000<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%B0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="公尺">公尺</a>的細絲，或者說一<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E5%8F%B8" title="盎司">盎司</a>金可以打成300<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%B9%E8%8B%B1%E5%B0%BA" title="平方英尺">平方英尺</a>。金葉甚至可以被打薄至半透明，因為金反射<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E8%89%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="黃色">黃色</a>光及<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="紅色">紅色</a>光能力很強，透過金葉的光會顯露出綠藍色。因<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E5%B1%95%E6%80%A7" title="延展性">延展性</a>非常好，<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="黄金">黄金</a>可以打成<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%AE%94" title="金箔">金箔</a>和拉成金絲。金箔用于<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%91%E5%83%8F" title="塑像">塑像</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" class="mw-redirect" title="建筑">建筑</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E8%97%9D%E5%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="工藝品">工艺品</a>的贴金，常见于<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%BA%E5%BA%99" title="寺庙">寺庙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="教堂">教堂</a>内的装饰贴金。金箔也可入<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8D%AF" title="中药">中药</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="與其他物質的反應"><span id=".E8.88.87.E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E7.89.A9.E8.B3.AA.E7.9A.84.E5.8F.8D.E6.87.89"></span>與其他物質的反應</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：與其他物質的反應"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>金可以很容易便與其他金屬形成合金。那些製成的合金可以增加硬度或製造奇特的顏色（見下）。金是<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E9%87%8F" title="熱量">熱</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB" title="電">電</a>的良導體，亦不受<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="地球大氣層">地球大氣層</a>及大部分<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E7%89%A9" title="反应物">反應物</a>影響。熱、濕氣、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a>及大部分<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%B5%E8%9A%80" class="mw-redirect" title="侵蚀">侵蝕</a>劑只對金有少量化學影響，令金適合作為<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E5%B9%A3" title="硬幣">硬幣</a>及珠寶；相反地，<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%B5%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="鹵素">鹵素</a>可以与金起化学反应，而王水則可以通過形成<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%AF%E9%87%91%E9%85%B8%E6%A0%B9%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氯金酸根離子（页面不存在）">氯金酸根離子</a>（AuCl<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>）溶解金。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="金的氧化及還原"><span id=".E9.87.91.E7.9A.84.E6.B0.A7.E5.8C.96.E5.8F.8A.E9.82.84.E5.8E.9F"></span>金的氧化及還原</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：金的氧化及還原"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>常見金的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%80%81" title="氧化态">氧化態</a>包括+1（一價金）及+3（三價金）。溶液中的金離子可以容易地被<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%84%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="還原">還原</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E6%BE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="沉澱">沉澱</a>成為金单质，方法是透過加入其他金屬作還原劑。所加入的金屬被<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96" title="氧化">氧化</a>成为金属离子后溶于水中，而金离子被还原为0价后形成沉澱。<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="澳洲國立大學">澳洲國立大學</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%90%86%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法蘭克·理斯（页面不存在）">法蘭克·理斯</a>（Frank Reith）近期進行研究顯示<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="微生物">微生物</a>在金沉澱物的形成中发挥着重要作用：它們運送及沉澱金令金在沖積沉澱物中形成金粒或金塊狀<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="顏色"><span id=".E9.A1.8F.E8.89.B2"></span>顏色</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：顏色"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>其他金屬顏色通常是银灰色的，因為它們的「<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E5%9F%9F%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" title="離域電子">離域電子</a>」，一般是最外层电子，能夠吸收及放出的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90" title="光子">光子</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%BB%E7%8E%87_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8)" title="頻率 (物理學)">頻率</a>範圍较大，覆盖各种色光的波长范围。金的反應則不同，因為<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E8%AE%BA%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="相对论量子化学">相對論量子化學</a>中微妙的相對論效應影響金原子的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%BB%8C%E5%9F%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="原子軌域">原子軌域</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，导致最外面的两层电子轨道过窄，能级差仅1.9ev，能量对应于可见光的蓝色波段，而蓝色对应的互补色为黄色。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他性質"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E6.80.A7.E8.B3.AA"></span>其他性質</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：其他性質"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>純金是無味道的，因為它非常耐<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%B5%E8%9A%80%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="侵蚀作用">侵蝕</a>（其他金屬的味道源自金屬離子）。溶於<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%B0%B4" title="王水">王水</a>，生成<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="三氯化金">三氯化金</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2" title="水溶液">水溶液</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%AE" title="一氧化氮">一氧化氮</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="氣體">氣體</a>。另外，金的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a>相當高，為19,320 kg/m³。與此比較起來，<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="鉛">鉛</a>的密度為11,340 kg/m³，而密度最高的元素是<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="鋨">鋨</a>，其密度為22,661 kg/m³。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="應用"><span id=".E6.87.89.E7.94.A8"></span>應用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：應用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="金融交易"><span id=".E9.87.91.E8.9E.8D.E4.BA.A4.E6.98.93"></span>金融交易</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：金融交易"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E6%8A%95%E8%B3%87" title="黃金投資">黃金投資</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_bullion_bars.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gold_bullion_bars.jpg/220px-Gold_bullion_bars.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gold_bullion_bars.jpg/330px-Gold_bullion_bars.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gold_bullion_bars.jpg/440px-Gold_bullion_bars.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5120" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>成堆<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%A2%9D" title="金條">金條</a></figcaption></figure> <p>在很多國家，金是貨幣交易標準，也會用來製作<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E5%B9%A3" title="硬幣">硬幣</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%A0%E5%AF%B6" title="珠寶">珠寶</a>。由於純金太軟，所以金通常會與<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%85" class="mw-redirect" title="銅">銅</a>及其他卑金屬製成<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E9%87%91" title="合金">合金</a>來增加硬度。金在合金的含量會以<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89" title="克拉">克拉</a>（k）來量度，而純金則是24k。在1526年至1930年代流通的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B8%81" title="金币">金幣</a>，由於其硬度的關係，通常會是22k合金，稱為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%87%E5%86%A0%E9%87%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="皇冠金（页面不存在）">皇冠金</a>。但在今天，金不再担任日常貨幣流通角色。 </p><p>在历史上，金曾经天然地充当货币的角色。19世纪中期，曾形成<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%8D" title="金本位">金本位</a>制度。尽管现在世界上各国多以<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B8%E5%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="纸币">纸币</a>作为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%9A%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="法定货币">法定货币</a>（且部分国家禁止金作为货币流通），但金依然被视为一种“准货币”，<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="黄金储备">黄金储备</a>在各国财政储备中均占有重要地位。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2006_AEGold_Proof_Rev.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/2006_AEGold_Proof_Rev.png/140px-2006_AEGold_Proof_Rev.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/2006_AEGold_Proof_Rev.png/210px-2006_AEGold_Proof_Rev.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/2006_AEGold_Proof_Rev.png/280px-2006_AEGold_Proof_Rev.png 2x" data-file-width="1890" data-file-height="1881" /></a><figcaption>美國鷹幣背面</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E4%BC%A0%E4%B8%96%E4%B9%8B%E5%AE%9D1000%E5%85%8B%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E9%87%91%E6%9D%A1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E4%BC%A0%E4%B8%96%E4%B9%8B%E5%AE%9D1000%E5%85%8B%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E9%87%91%E6%9D%A1.jpg/220px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E4%BC%A0%E4%B8%96%E4%B9%8B%E5%AE%9D1000%E5%85%8B%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E9%87%91%E6%9D%A1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E4%BC%A0%E4%B8%96%E4%B9%8B%E5%AE%9D1000%E5%85%8B%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E9%87%91%E6%9D%A1.jpg/330px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E4%BC%A0%E4%B8%96%E4%B9%8B%E5%AE%9D1000%E5%85%8B%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E9%87%91%E6%9D%A1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E4%BC%A0%E4%B8%96%E4%B9%8B%E5%AE%9D1000%E5%85%8B%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E9%87%91%E6%9D%A1.jpg/440px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E4%BC%A0%E4%B8%96%E4%B9%8B%E5%AE%9D1000%E5%85%8B%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E9%87%91%E6%9D%A1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="中国农业银行">中国农业银行</a>1000克金条</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="收藏用金幣"><span id=".E6.94.B6.E8.97.8F.E7.94.A8.E9.87.91.E5.B9.A3"></span>收藏用金幣</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：收藏用金幣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>現在，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%B4%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E5%B9%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="貴金屬幣（页面不存在）">貴金屬幣</a>主要用作收藏或投資，所以通常是24k的。然而，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%B7%B9%E6%8F%9A%E9%87%91%E5%B9%A3" title="美國鷹揚金幣">美國鷹幣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%95%99%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E9%87%91%E5%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="克留格尔金币">克留格尔金币</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E7%BB%B4%E6%9E%97" title="索维林">沙弗林金幣</a>仍因為歷史因素而被製成22k。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%93%E8%91%89%E9%87%91%E5%B9%A3" title="加拿大楓葉金幣">加拿大楓葉金幣</a>的純度，為99.99%（準確度：0.9999）。現代部分其他有99.99%純度的金幣有「澳洲金袋鼠」（它最早以<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2%E9%87%91%E5%A1%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澳洲金塊（页面不存在）">澳洲金塊</a>的形式在1986年出現，而袋鼠主題則是在1989年加入）、部分澳洲農曆系列的金幣<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>及奧地利愛樂金幣。<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%91%84%E5%B9%A3%E5%B1%80" title="美國鑄幣局">美國鑄幣局</a>在2006年起發行的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%B4%E7%89%9B%E9%87%91%E5%B9%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國水牛金幣（页面不存在）">美國水牛金幣</a>亦有99.99%的純度。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="珠寶"><span id=".E7.8F.A0.E5.AF.B6"></span>珠寶</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：珠寶"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="原材料"><span id=".E5.8E.9F.E6.9D.90.E6.96.99"></span>原材料</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：原材料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由於24k純金比较軟，所以在作珠寶時，金常常會被製成合金以改變硬度、延展性、<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E9%BB%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="熔點">熔點</a>、顏色及其它特性。在22k、18k、14k或10k的合金中，會含有較高成分的<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%85" class="mw-redirect" title="銅">銅</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%91%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="卑金屬">卑金屬</a>。銅是卑金屬中最常用的，會使合金有偏红的色澤。在數百年前及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>的珠寶中也有以銅模鑄造，含25%銅的18k金—<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AB%E7%91%B0%E9%87%91" title="玫瑰金">玫瑰金</a>。而14k金銅合金與部分<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85" class="mw-redirect" title="青銅">青銅</a>合金顏色幾乎一樣，兩者皆可用作製作徽章。藍金是由<b>金</b>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵">鐵</a>製成合金而成，但因為藍金較脆弱，所以較難使用在珠寶製作上。紫金是由<b>金</b>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%81" class="mw-redirect" title="鋁">鋁</a>製成合金而成，通常只用在專門的珠寶上。14k或18k的金與<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">銀</a>製成合金後呈綠黃色，所以被稱為綠金。而金與<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%80" class="mw-redirect" title="鈀">鈀</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="鎳">鎳</a>製成合金則可形成白金合金。白色18k金合金呈銀色，並含有17.3%鎳、5.5%<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%85" class="mw-redirect" title="鋅">鋅</a>及2.2%銅。但由於鎳有毒，受<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>法律限制，所以有時會用另一種方法，用鈀、銀及其他白色金屬製造白金合金。但是它的製作成本比前者為高。高純度的白金合金比起銀或<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%94%E9%8A%80" class="mw-redirect" title="純銀">純銀</a>的抗侵蝕能力高很多。<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>工藝品<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%9B%AE%E9%87%91" title="木目金">木目金</a>充分利用了不同金合金間的顏色對比，製造出裝飾性如同木紋年輪的效果。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="焊料"><span id=".E7.84.8A.E6.96.99"></span>焊料</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：焊料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由金製造的<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%8A%E9%8C%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="焊錫">焊錫</a>或<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8A%85%E7%84%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="銅焊（页面不存在）">銅焊</a>通常用作高溫硬焊或連接金製珠寶的部件。<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%8C%A0" title="金匠">金匠</a>利用獨立焊錫接口組合複雜物件。金焊錫通常有三種不同硬度，硬度高的焊錫會被優先使用，其次是較低硬度的焊錫。金焊錫必須與連接物品的純度相同。合金會在嚴格監控下製造，使它們的顏色與黃金或白金吻合。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:220kg_gold_brick_in_Gold_Ecological_Park_20070104.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/220kg_gold_brick_in_Gold_Ecological_Park_20070104.jpg/200px-220kg_gold_brick_in_Gold_Ecological_Park_20070104.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/220kg_gold_brick_in_Gold_Ecological_Park_20070104.jpg/300px-220kg_gold_brick_in_Gold_Ecological_Park_20070104.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/220kg_gold_brick_in_Gold_Ecological_Park_20070104.jpg/400px-220kg_gold_brick_in_Gold_Ecological_Park_20070104.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%93%9C%E7%9F%B3%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%92%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="金瓜石黃金博物園區">金瓜石黃金博物園區</a>展出的220kg金磚</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="醫療"><span id=".E9.86.AB.E7.99.82"></span>醫療</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：醫療"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="另類醫療"><span id=".E5.8F.A6.E9.A1.9E.E9.86.AB.E7.99.82"></span>另類醫療</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：另類醫療"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在中世紀，由於金罕有及漂亮，所以被認為對健康有益（雖然實際上不是）。現在，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="隱微術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Esotericism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%B1%E5%BE%AE%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="隱微術（页面不存在）">隱微術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esotericism" class="extiw" title="en:Esotericism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Esotericism</span></a></span>）</span></span>者仍認為金有治療疾病的力量，並用作<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A6%E9%A1%9E%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="另類醫療">另類醫療</a>。其實，部分金的鹽類的確有防止發炎的性質，並被用作治療<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E8%8A%82%E7%82%8E" title="关节炎">關節炎</a>。但由於金屬狀態的金對所有體內的化學反應呈現惰性反應，所以只有金的鹽類及其<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="放射性同位素">放射性同位素</a>有醫學價值。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="牙醫學"><span id=".E7.89.99.E9.86.AB.E5.AD.B8"></span>牙醫學</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：牙醫學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>金合金多在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%99%E7%A7%91%E4%BF%AE%E5%BE%A9%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牙科修復學（页面不存在）">牙科修復學</a>上使用，特別是牙齒修復，例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%99%E5%86%A0_(%E4%BF%AE%E5%A4%8D%E4%BD%93)" class="mw-redirect" title="牙冠 (修复体)">牙冠</a>及永久<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%99%E6%A9%8B" title="牙橋">牙橋</a>。金合金的細微延展性，可令表面與其他牙齒吻合，所以修復效果比陶瓷製的大臼齒好。在文化角度，有些文化喜歡製作金牙齒在<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E7%89%99" class="mw-redirect" title="门牙">門牙</a>上。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tajikistan_gold_teeth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Tajikistan_gold_teeth.jpg/150px-Tajikistan_gold_teeth.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Tajikistan_gold_teeth.jpg/225px-Tajikistan_gold_teeth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Tajikistan_gold_teeth.jpg/300px-Tajikistan_gold_teeth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="723" /></a><figcaption>一個有金牙的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%97%8F" title="塔吉克族">塔吉克族</a>女人</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="膠態金"><span id=".E8.86.A0.E6.85.8B.E9.87.91"></span>膠態金</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：膠態金"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E7%B1%B3%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91" title="奈米黃金">膠態金</a>是金<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B1%B3%E9%A1%86%E7%B2%92" class="mw-redirect" title="納米顆粒">納米顆粒</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A0%E9%AB%94" title="膠體">膠體</a>溶液，在水中呈深紅色。它是由<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A0%E6%AA%AC%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90" class="mw-redirect" title="柠檬酸盐">檸檬酸鹽</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E5%A3%9E%E8%A1%80%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="抗壞血酸鹽">抗壞血酸鹽</a>的還原反應來還原溶液中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E9%87%91%E9%85%B8" title="氯金酸">氯金酸</a>，然後在納米技術下製成。膠態金多用在<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="醫學">醫學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="生物學">生物學</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="材料科學">材料科學</a>上。<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="免疫膠態金標記" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Immunogold labelling"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E8%86%A0%E6%85%8B%E9%87%91%E6%A8%99%E8%A8%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="免疫膠態金標記（页面不存在）">免疫膠態金標記</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunogold_labelling" class="extiw" title="en:Immunogold labelling"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Immunogold labelling</span></a></span>）</span></span>技術充分發揮了金粒子吸收蛋白質分子到其表面的能力。有些有<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="抗體">抗體</a>塗層的膠態金粒子更可偵察細胞表面的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E5%8E%9F" title="抗原">抗原</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%A1%AF%E5%BE%AE%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="電子顯微鏡">電子顯微鏡</a>觀察下，免疫膠態金會集中在抗原上。<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 除醫學用途之外，膠態金亦用作金色顏料，塗在燒製前的<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7%E5%99%A8" title="陶瓷器">陶瓷</a>上。另外化妝品廠商聲稱含膠態金護膚品可以打開肌膚的離子通道，讓保養品的滲透效果更好，可以加強肌膚防禦力、增加保濕，質地滋潤易吸收，幫助抗氧化、消滅及修復受損細胞等，但目前並沒有任何正式學術文獻發現膠態金對護膚有所功效，反而膠態金有可能沉澱在毛孔中，阻塞毛孔引致炎症，因此美國食物及藥物管理局(FDA)也曾提出警告。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="辐射治療"><span id=".E8.BE.90.E5.B0.84.E6.B2.BB.E7.99.82"></span>辐射治療</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：辐射治療"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>金的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="放射性同位素">放射性同位素</a>金-198（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>：2.7日），可以用作部分<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%8C%E7%97%87" title="癌症">癌症</a>及其他疾病的治療<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="食用"><span id=".E9.A3.9F.E7.94.A8"></span>食用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：食用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goldwasser2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Goldwasser2.jpg/200px-Goldwasser2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Goldwasser2.jpg/300px-Goldwasser2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Goldwasser2.jpg/400px-Goldwasser2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="415" data-file-height="385" /></a><figcaption>格但斯克金箔酒</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%AE%94" title="金箔">金箔</a>是鋪在美食上的金薄片或粉末，多用作<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E6%9E%9C" title="糖果">糖果</a>及飲品上的裝飾<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。金箔在中世紀歐洲以薄片或粉末形式，被貴族加在食物及飲品中，以突顯貴族的富裕、食品的罕有及珍貴或健康，但人體無法消化亦無法吸收金，而金亦不會在體內被儲存，人體亦完全不需要金，所以所有進食的金會經由糞便排出體外，因此金對健康無任何帮助裨益，但亦沒有任何害處。用作食物添加劑的金的<a href="/wiki/E%E7%B7%A8%E7%A2%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="E編碼">E編碼</a>為175。格但斯克金箔酒（俗稱黃金水），是一種在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭">波蘭</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E4%BD%86%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="格但斯克">格但斯克</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E7%93%A6%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%AB" title="施瓦巴赫">施瓦巴赫</a>生產，含有金葉片的傳統草藥<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%8F%A3%E9%85%92" class="mw-redirect" title="利口酒">利口酒</a>。部分昂貴的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%9E%E5%B0%BE%E9%85%92" class="mw-redirect" title="雞尾酒">雞尾酒</a>亦加有金箔<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="電力傳導"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E5.8A.9B.E5.82.B3.E5.B0.8E"></span>電力傳導</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：電力傳導"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>金的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%BC%E7%94%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="导电">導電</a>係數非常高，常用在3C產品的電路板上。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="高能量傳導用途"><span id=".E9.AB.98.E8.83.BD.E9.87.8F.E5.82.B3.E5.B0.8E.E7.94.A8.E9.80.94"></span>高能量傳導用途</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：高能量傳導用途"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>金的金屬的電子密度為5.90×10<sup>22</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>。金有十分高的電傳導性，所以被用作含高電流的電線（雖然以相同容量計算銀比金有更高的電傳導性，但金有抗侵蝕的優點），例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%93%88%E9%A0%93%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" class="mw-redirect" title="曼哈頓計劃">曼哈頓計劃</a>中的原子實驗。然而，在實驗中，<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E5%9E%8B%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%86%E7%A6%BB%E5%99%A8" title="电磁型同位素分离器">電磁型同位素分離器</a>的磁石上使用了高電流銀電線。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="電子接件"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E5.AD.90.E6.8E.A5.E4.BB.B6"></span>電子接件</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：電子接件"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>雖然金會被氯氣侵蝕，但由於其高傳導性、及高抗氧化、抗環境侵蝕（包括能夠抵抗其他非含氯的酸），所以被廣泛應用在電子工業上，令電線接件有良好連接。例如在昂貴的電子接件連接線，例如聲音、圖像及<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97%E5%8C%AF%E6%B5%81%E6%8E%92" class="mw-redirect" title="通用序列匯流排">通用序列匯流排</a>的連接線。但使用金電線卻有很大爭議。它常被影音專家批評不必要，而且被視為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4%E7%87%9F%E9%8A%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="市場營銷">市場營銷</a>的伎倆。某些電子測量儀器的接頭也會鍍金，以避免氧化。但金在其他應用層面，例如高濕度、高腐蝕性的大氣電子接觸、失敗率高的接觸，例如部分<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="電腦">電腦</a>、通訊設備、<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%99%A8" title="航天器">航天器</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B4%E5%B0%84%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="噴射機">噴射機</a>引擎等等仍十分普遍，而且在未來亦不太可能被其他金屬取代。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="開關接觸"><span id=".E9.96.8B.E9.97.9C.E6.8E.A5.E8.A7.B8"></span>開關接觸</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：開關接觸"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>除了電力接觸外，金亦應用在<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E9%97%9C" title="開關">開關</a>電力接觸上，因為金抗侵蝕、高導電性、高延性及無毒<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。因為開關接觸通常會比電子接觸更易侵蝕。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="電磁輻射的反射體"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E7.A3.81.E8.BC.BB.E5.B0.84.E7.9A.84.E5.8F.8D.E5.B0.84.E9.AB.94"></span>電磁輻射的反射體</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：電磁輻射的反射體"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由於金是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" title="電磁輻射">電磁輻射</a>的優良反射體，所以它被用作<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="人造衛星">人造衛星</a>、保暖<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%91%E7%94%9F%E8%A1%A3" title="救生衣">救生衣</a>的紅外線保護面層、太空人的頭盔及電子戰機如<a href="/wiki/EA-6%E5%BE%98%E5%BE%8A%E8%80%85%E5%BC%8F%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%B0%E6%A9%9F" title="EA-6徘徊者式電子作戰機">EA-6徘徊者式電子作戰機</a>的保護層。另外，金也用作部分金唱片反射層。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="攝影調色劑"><span id=".E6.94.9D.E5.BD.B1.E8.AA.BF.E8.89.B2.E5.8A.91"></span>攝影調色劑</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：攝影調色劑"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%9D%E5%BD%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="攝影">攝影</a>上，金調色劑可把<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4%E5%8C%96%E9%8A%80" title="溴化銀">溴化銀</a>的黑白相片變成棕色或藍色色調，或增加它們的穩定性。在棕褐色調相片中，金調色劑會令相片變成偏紅色調。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E9%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="柯達">柯達</a>有幾種金調色劑，使用了金氯化物<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_insect_01_Pengo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Golden_insect_01_Pengo.jpg/200px-Golden_insect_01_Pengo.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Golden_insect_01_Pengo.jpg/300px-Golden_insect_01_Pengo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Golden_insect_01_Pengo.jpg/400px-Golden_insect_01_Pengo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="1568" /></a><figcaption>受掃描電子顯微鏡觀察前的加上金塗層的昆蟲樣本</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="電子顯微鏡的傳導物質"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E5.AD.90.E9.A1.AF.E5.BE.AE.E9.8F.A1.E7.9A.84.E5.82.B3.E5.B0.8E.E7.89.A9.E8.B3.AA"></span>電子顯微鏡的傳導物質</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：電子顯微鏡的傳導物質"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>金或金與<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%80" class="mw-redirect" title="鈀">鈀</a>的合金在<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%83%E6%8F%8F%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%A1%AF%E5%BE%AE%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="掃描電子顯微鏡">掃描電子顯微鏡</a>中，擔當了生物樣本及其他非傳導物質，如塑膠及玻璃，傳導的角色。塗層以<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="氬">氬</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="等離子">等離子</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%BA%E9%8D%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="濺鍍">濺鍍</a>方式加上。金的高電傳導性把<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" title="電荷">電荷</a>導向地面，而其高電子密度令掃描電子顯微鏡<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E6%9D%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="電子束">電子束</a>有停止電子力量，有助限制電子束穿透樣本的深度。這有助增加對樣本位置及其表面形狀的測量精確度，及增加圖像的空間解像度。金在電子束照射下，亦會製造一個<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A1%E7%B4%9A%E7%99%BC%E5%B0%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="次級發射（页面不存在）">次級發射</a>，這些低能量電子通常會作為掃描電子顯微鏡訊號來源。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96"></span>其他</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：其他"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>金可製成<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%BA%E7%B9%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="刺繡">刺繡</a>用金線。</li> <li>氯化金及氧化金可用作茶色玻璃及紅色玻璃的染色劑，以加入相同大小的球狀金納米粒子去形成深紅色。</li> <li>很多比賽及榮譽如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="奧林匹克運動會">奧林匹克運動會</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E7%8D%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="諾貝爾獎">諾貝爾獎</a>，會頒發<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%89%8C" title="金牌">金牌</a>給得獎者。</li> <li>金可作汽車隔熱用途。<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%81%E5%87%B1%E8%BC%AAF1" class="mw-redirect" title="邁凱輪F1">邁凱輪F1</a>在其引擎間隔中使用金箔<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>金會受到<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%80" class="mw-redirect" title="鉀">鉀</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BC%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="鹼性">鹼性</a>溶液或<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%89" class="mw-redirect" title="鈉">鈉</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B0%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氰化物">氰化物</a>侵蝕及溶解，而金的氰化物可把金<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E9%8D%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="電鍍">電鍍</a>在其他卑金屬上，或作為<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E9%93%B8" title="电铸">電鑄</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A7%A3%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="電解質">電解質</a>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TurinPapyrus1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/TurinPapyrus1.jpg/350px-TurinPapyrus1.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/TurinPapyrus1.jpg/525px-TurinPapyrus1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/TurinPapyrus1.jpg/700px-TurinPapyrus1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2846" data-file-height="1121" /></a><figcaption>杜林紙草地圖，顯示礦藏位置</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="早期的黃金描述"><span id=".E6.97.A9.E6.9C.9F.E7.9A.84.E9.BB.83.E9.87.91.E6.8F.8F.E8.BF.B0"></span>早期的黃金描述</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：早期的黃金描述"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>金在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="史前">史前</a>時期已經被認知及高度重視。它可能是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E" title="人類">人類</a>最早使用的金屬，被用於裝飾及儀式。早在前2600年的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E8%B1%A1%E5%BD%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="埃及象形文字">埃及象形文字</a>已經有金的描述，<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%9D%A6%E5%B0%BC" title="米坦尼">米坦尼</a>國王<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E4%BB%80%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%94" title="图什拉塔">圖什拉塔</a>稱金在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>「比泥土还多」<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。埃及及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="努比亚">努比亞</a>等国家和地区擁有的資源令它們在大部分歷史中成為主要的黃金產地。已知的最早的地圖是在前1320年的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="杜林紙草地圖" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Turin Papyrus Map"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%9C%E6%9E%97%E7%B4%99%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="杜林紙草地圖（页面不存在）">杜林紙草地圖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turin_Papyrus_Map" class="extiw" title="en:Turin Papyrus Map"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Turin Papyrus Map</span></a></span>）</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-brief_hist_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brief_hist-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，顯示<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%A4%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="金礦">金礦</a>在努比亞的分佈及當地<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="地質">地質</a>的標示。原始的採礦方法由<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%A2" title="斯特拉波">斯特拉波</a>描述得知，當中包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E7%81%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="放火">放火</a>。大型金礦亦在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="紅海">紅海</a>對岸產生，現今為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%83%8F%E5%9C%B0%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="沙烏地阿拉伯">沙烏地阿拉伯</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%BF%97" class="mw-redirect" title="汉志">汉志</a>地方。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="前6世紀至前1世紀的黃金"><span id=".E5.89.8D6.E4.B8.96.E7.B4.80.E8.87.B3.E5.89.8D1.E4.B8.96.E7.B4.80.E7.9A.84.E9.BB.83.E9.87.91"></span>前6世紀至前1世紀的黃金</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节：前6世紀至前1世紀的黃金"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在此期間，黃金開始被人們以貨幣的形式使用。最早已知使用金作貨幣的地方為<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E5%BA%95%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="呂底亞">呂底亞</a>，在前700年呂底亞便以銀和金作合金的形式製成錢幣。在前6世紀或前5世紀期間的中國，一種稱為<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A2%E7%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="郢爰">郢爰</a>的金幣在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="楚國">楚國</a>流通。古希臘約在前550年便在中東及地中海地區開採黃金。在前323年，希臘人的採礦地點分佈由<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%85%E9%99%80" class="mw-redirect" title="直布羅陀">直布羅陀</a>遠至<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%9E%E7%B4%B0%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="小亞細亞">小亞細亞</a>和埃及<sup id="cite_ref-brief_hist_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brief_hist-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。當時希臘的首飾主題以人或動物的外形為主，經典例子有當時的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%BD%E9%97%A8%E5%86%9C%E7%9A%84%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7" title="阿伽门农的面具">阿伽门农的面具</a>、與及其他戒指<sup id="cite_ref-hist_civil_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hist_civil-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="前1世紀至2世紀的黃金"><span id=".E5.89.8D1.E4.B8.96.E7.B4.80.E8.87.B32.E4.B8.96.E7.B4.80.E7.9A.84.E9.BB.83.E9.87.91"></span>前1世紀至2世紀的黃金</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节：前1世紀至2世紀的黃金"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_monster_from_Warring_States_China,_Shaanxi_History_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Golden_monster_from_Warring_States_China%2C_Shaanxi_History_Museum.jpg/220px-Golden_monster_from_Warring_States_China%2C_Shaanxi_History_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Golden_monster_from_Warring_States_China%2C_Shaanxi_History_Museum.jpg/330px-Golden_monster_from_Warring_States_China%2C_Shaanxi_History_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Golden_monster_from_Warring_States_China%2C_Shaanxi_History_Museum.jpg/440px-Golden_monster_from_Warring_States_China%2C_Shaanxi_History_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="戰國">戰國</a>時代黃金鳥</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Las_M%C3%A9dulas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Las_M%C3%A9dulas.jpg/220px-Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Las_M%C3%A9dulas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Las_M%C3%A9dulas.jpg/330px-Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Las_M%C3%A9dulas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Las_M%C3%A9dulas.jpg/440px-Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Las_M%C3%A9dulas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>拉斯．梅杜拉斯的環景攝影</figcaption></figure> <p>開採黃金的技術在此時得到提升。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="古羅馬">古羅馬</a>人發展出一種利用<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水力採礦" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="hydraulic mining"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%8A%9B%E6%8E%A1%E7%A4%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水力採礦（页面不存在）">水力採礦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hydraulic_mining" class="extiw" title="en:hydraulic mining"><span lang="en" dir="auto">hydraulic mining</span></a></span>）</span></span>來大型開採金的新方法，特別由前25年開始在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="伊比利亚半岛">伊比利亚半岛</a>及由150年在<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="达基亚">达西亚行省</a>開始使用。其中一個最大的金礦位於西班牙<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A_(%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99)" title="加利西亚 (西班牙)">加利西亞</a>的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拉斯·梅杜拉斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Las Médulas"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E6%9D%9C%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉斯·梅杜拉斯（页面不存在）">拉斯·梅杜拉斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_M%C3%A9dulas" class="extiw" title="en:Las Médulas"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Las Médulas</span></a></span>）</span></span>，在那處有七個長形<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%9E%B6%E6%B8%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="高架渠">高架渠</a>令他們可以淘洗出大部分的沖積礦物。在<span class="ilh-all ilh-blue" data-orig-title="外西凡尼亞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roşia Montană"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E8%A5%BF%E5%87%A1%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="外西凡尼亞">外西凡尼亞</a></span></span>的金礦亦十分大，直到最近仍然有人使用<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="露天採礦技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="opencast mining"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%B2%E5%A4%A9%E6%8E%A1%E7%A4%A6%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="露天採礦技術（页面不存在）">露天採礦技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/opencast_mining" class="extiw" title="en:opencast mining"><span lang="en" dir="auto">opencast mining</span></a></span>）</span></span>採礦。金亦蘊藏在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF" title="威爾斯">威爾斯</a>較小的金礦，例如Dolaucothi的砂礦及硬岩礦。他們使用的各種採礦方法由<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%BC" title="老普林尼">老普林尼</a>在1世紀末期完成的著作<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E5%BF%97_(%E8%80%81%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%BC)" title="博物志 (老普林尼)">博物志</a>中詳細描述。在當時，黃金的主要用途在於製成首飾，而金幣的使用比希臘亦更為普遍。首飾的主題主要由描繪神話變成較平凡的幾何圖案<sup id="cite_ref-hist_civil_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hist_civil-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="3世紀至12世紀的黃金"><span id="3.E4.B8.96.E7.B4.80.E8.87.B312.E4.B8.96.E7.B4.80.E7.9A.84.E9.BB.83.E9.87.91"></span>3世紀至12世紀的黃金</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节：3世紀至12世紀的黃金"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="东罗马帝国">东罗马帝國</a>的初期，純金的首飾開始加入<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B6%E7%9F%B3" title="寶石">寶石</a>的元素。其主題主要是歌頌教會及國王的權力。此時黄金打制技術達到一個高峰。但在歐洲<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中世紀">中世紀</a>的早期，因為羅馬人開始從西南歐及西歐撤退的關係，羅馬人製造首飾的精湛技術開始在鄰近地區消失。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%81%9C%E4%BA%BA" title="撒克遜人">撒克遜人</a>居住地方發現的金飾看出技術的下降，其主要原因是原料的供應大部來自东罗马帝國，而羅馬人的撤出令黃金變得十分罕有<sup id="cite_ref-hist_civil_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hist_civil-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。其後<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭">伊斯蘭</a>勢力擴大，东罗马浮誇的黃金首飾因大部分被用來建造<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" title="清真寺">清真寺</a>及資助軍事活動而開始消失<sup id="cite_ref-hist_civil_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hist_civil-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但在其後黃金首飾的打造技術及數量卻出現一個復甦，當中的例子有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%92%82%E7%8E%9B%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="法蒂玛王朝">法蒂瑪王朝</a>時期的黃金手鐲<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="12世紀至13世紀的黃金"><span id="12.E4.B8.96.E7.B4.80.E8.87.B313.E4.B8.96.E7.B4.80.E7.9A.84.E9.BB.83.E9.87.91"></span>12世紀至13世紀的黃金</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=33" title="编辑章节：12世紀至13世紀的黃金"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在歐洲人開闢美洲期間，常有報告指<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91" title="美洲原住民">美洲原住民</a>大量展示出金的裝飾品，特別是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="中美洲">中美洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E9%AD%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="秘魯">秘魯</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="哥倫比亞">哥倫比亞</a>。事實上，在秘魯地區前1200年的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E6%96%87%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="查文文化">查文文化</a>已經開始使用黃金作裝飾。而<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" title="納斯卡">納斯卡</a>人在500年之前發展出鑄金的技術，他們利用黃金與銅製造成玫瑰金，令它的熔點下降方便鑄造。而黃金打造技術在12世紀開始的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%A7%86%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="奇姆文化">奇姆文化</a>達到高峰，具代表性的有用金製成的動物、雀鳥及植物，現在保存得最好的收藏品位於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%93%A5%E5%A4%A7" title="波哥大">波哥大</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%93%A5%E5%A4%A7%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86" title="波哥大黄金博物馆">波哥大黃金博物館</a><sup id="cite_ref-hist_civil_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hist_civil-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但在西班牙入侵後大部分的黃金被熔化並運去歐洲。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="14世紀至16世紀的黃金"><span id="14.E4.B8.96.E7.B4.80.E8.87.B316.E4.B8.96.E7.B4.80.E7.9A.84.E9.BB.83.E9.87.91"></span>14世紀至16世紀的黃金</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=34" title="编辑章节：14世紀至16世紀的黃金"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="馬里帝國">馬里帝國</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" title="旧大陆">旧大陆</a>以其擁有大量黃金而聞名。帝國統治者<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E8%90%A8%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E8%90%A8" title="曼萨·穆萨">曼萨·穆萨</a>（1312年–1337年）在舊大陆因為他在1324年往<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0" title="麥加">麥加</a>的大<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E8%A7%90_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99)" title="朝觐 (伊斯兰教)">朝覲</a>而著名。當他在1324年7月經過<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E7%BE%85" class="mw-redirect" title="開羅">開羅</a>時，常有報告指他有一隊<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A7%B1%E9%A7%9D%E9%9A%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="駱駝隊（页面不存在）">駱駝隊</a>陪同，而那駱駝隊有幾千人，及接近一百隻<a href="/wiki/%E9%A7%B1%E9%A7%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="駱駝">駱駝</a>。由於他花費了過多金錢令整個<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%9E" title="北非">北非</a>經濟需要一個世紀才能恢復，原因是他引起了快速的<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%84%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="通脹">通脹</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。一個當時的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="阿拉伯世界">阿拉伯</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="歷史學家">歷史學家</a>指出： </p> <table class="cquote pullquote" role="presentation" style="margin:auto; display:table; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; color: inherit;width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">“ </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">埃及金價在他們來的那一年之前原本是十分高昂的：1<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="密斯卡爾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="mithqal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%86%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="密斯卡爾（页面不存在）">密斯卡爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/mithqal" class="extiw" title="en:mithqal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">mithqal</span></a></span>）</span></span>的金其价值几乎从不低于25<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86" title="迪拉姆">迪拉姆</a>。但是就在那之后金價下跌了，金價便宜得在現今仍可反映出來。現在1密斯卡爾的金不會超過22迪拉姆，甚至更少。此事態已經持續了12年直到現在，其原因是他們携带大量的黄金进入埃及并在那里消费。[...] </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">” </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="cquotecite" style="border: none; padding-right: 4%; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;"><cite>——<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="捷哈·烏馬裡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chihab Al-Umari"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%93%88%C2%B7%E7%83%8F%E9%A6%AC%E8%A3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="捷哈·烏馬裡（页面不存在）">捷哈·烏馬裡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chihab_Al-Umari" class="extiw" title="en:Chihab Al-Umari"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chihab Al-Umari</span></a></span>）</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>而在歐洲，因為正值<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88" class="mw-redirect" title="文藝復興">文藝復興</a>時期的關係，王室及教會對於黃金的裝飾有大量的需求，而剛剛自南美掠奪的黃金提供了充足的供應，令金飾技術得到迅速發展。而傑出的金匠如<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E9%9F%A6%E5%8A%AA%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%88%87%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BC" title="本韦努托·切利尼">本韋努托·切利尼</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="溫佐·雅姆尼策爾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wenzel Jamnitzer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%AB%E4%BD%90%C2%B7%E9%9B%85%E5%A7%86%E5%B0%BC%E7%AD%96%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="溫佐·雅姆尼策爾（页面不存在）">溫佐·雅姆尼策爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenzel_Jamnitzer" class="extiw" title="en:Wenzel Jamnitzer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wenzel Jamnitzer</span></a></span>）</span></span>令使用黃金的藝術得到發展，一些當時的藝術家如<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E5%BE%B7%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E6%8F%90%E5%88%87%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="桑德羅·波提切利">桑德羅·波提切利</a>都曾經當過金匠<sup id="cite_ref-hist_civil_25-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hist_civil-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19世紀的黃金"><span id="19.E4.B8.96.E7.B4.80.E7.9A.84.E9.BB.83.E9.87.91"></span>19世紀的黃金</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=35" title="编辑章节：19世紀的黃金"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%98%E9%87%91%E6%BD%AE" title="淘金潮">淘金潮</a></div> <p>在19世紀期間，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8B%E9%87%91%E7%86%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="尋金熱">尋金熱</a>在有金礦發現的地方便會發生。美國最早主要淘金潮發生的地方在<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="喬治亞州">喬治亞州</a>北部的一個稱為<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0" title="達洛尼加">達洛尼加</a>小鎮<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。期後因為發現金礦而發生的淘金潮有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E6%B7%98%E9%87%91%E6%BD%AE" title="加利福尼亞淘金潮">加利福尼亞淘金潮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%BE%85%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%B7%9E" title="科羅拉多州">科羅拉多州</a>的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="派克峰淘金潮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pike's Peak Gold Rush"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%BE%E5%85%8B%E5%B3%B0%E6%B7%98%E9%87%91%E6%BD%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="派克峰淘金潮（页面不存在）">派克峰淘金潮</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pike%27s_Peak_Gold_Rush" class="extiw" title="en:Pike's Peak Gold Rush"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pike's Peak Gold Rush</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A5%A7%E5%A1%94%E5%93%A5%E6%B7%98%E9%87%91%E6%BD%AE" title="中奧塔哥淘金潮">中奧塔哥淘金潮</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="澳洲淘金潮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Australian gold rushes"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2%E6%B7%98%E9%87%91%E6%BD%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澳洲淘金潮（页面不存在）">澳洲淘金潮</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_gold_rushes" class="extiw" title="en:Australian gold rushes"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Australian gold rushes</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="威特沃特斯蘭德淘金潮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Witwatersrand Gold Rush"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%83%E7%89%B9%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%BE%B7%E6%B7%98%E9%87%91%E6%BD%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威特沃特斯蘭德淘金潮（页面不存在）">威特沃特斯蘭德淘金潮</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witwatersrand_Gold_Rush" class="extiw" title="en:Witwatersrand Gold Rush"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Witwatersrand Gold Rush</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="黑山淘金潮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Black Hills Gold Rush"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E5%B1%B1%E6%B7%98%E9%87%91%E6%BD%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑山淘金潮（页面不存在）">黑山淘金潮</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hills_Gold_Rush" class="extiw" title="en:Black Hills Gold Rush"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Black Hills Gold Rush</span></a></span>）</span></span>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%9C%97%E4%BB%A3%E5%85%8B%E6%B7%98%E9%87%91%E6%BD%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="克朗代克淘金潮">克朗代克淘金潮</a>。因為金礦的歷史價值，很多歷史上的金礦仍然以其他方式運作。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="黃金開採的現況"><span id=".E9.BB.83.E9.87.91.E9.96.8B.E6.8E.A1.E7.9A.84.E7.8F.BE.E6.B3.81"></span>黃金開採的現況</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=36" title="编辑章节：黃金開採的現況"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在遠古時期，金從<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="地質">地質</a>角度上較易取得，但自從1910年以來發現的礦藏的75%已經被開採<sup id="cite_ref-goldsheetlinks_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goldsheetlinks-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。根据美国地质调查局公布的数据，人类迄今一共开采了18.7万吨黄金，未开采的地下储量为 5.7万吨。估計世界上所有已經冶煉的金可以形成一個邊長20公尺的立方體，體積為8000立方公尺<sup id="cite_ref-goldsheetlinks_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goldsheetlinks-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文學中的金"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.B8.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84.E9.87.91"></span>文學中的金</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=37" title="编辑章节：文學中的金"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jason_Pelias_Louvre_K127.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Jason_Pelias_Louvre_K127.jpg/200px-Jason_Pelias_Louvre_K127.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Jason_Pelias_Louvre_K127.jpg/300px-Jason_Pelias_Louvre_K127.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Jason_Pelias_Louvre_K127.jpg/400px-Jason_Pelias_Louvre_K127.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1915" data-file-height="2650" /></a><figcaption>一個在前340年至前330年<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="普利亞">普利亞</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%BD%A9%E9%99%B6%E5%99%A8" title="紅彩陶器">紅彩陶器</a>的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雙耳噴口杯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Krater"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%99%E8%80%B3%E5%99%B4%E5%8F%A3%E6%9D%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雙耳噴口杯（页面不存在）">雙耳噴口杯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krater" class="extiw" title="en:Krater"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Krater</span></a></span>）</span></span>上繪畫著<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E9%98%BF%E5%AE%8B" title="伊阿宋">伊阿宋</a>交回金羊毛的故事</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="希臘神話"><span id=".E5.B8.8C.E8.87.98.E7.A5.9E.E8.A9.B1"></span>希臘神話</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=38" title="编辑章节：希臘神話"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%BE%8A%E6%AF%9B" title="金羊毛">金羊毛</a>的傳說中的可能指在古代使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8A%E6%AF%9B" title="羊毛">羊毛</a>由<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%82%E7%A0%82%E6%B2%89%E7%A9%8D" title="漂砂沉積">砂礦</a>去收集金粉。<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a>的東南角因為金而著名。那裡的採礦由<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A5%E8%BE%BE%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="弥达斯">弥达斯</a>当国王时已經開始，而那些金的重要性在於它是製造現今世界上最早的硬幣，地點在於約前630年的<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E5%BA%95%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="呂底亞">呂底亞</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="聖經"><span id=".E8.81.96.E7.B6.93"></span>聖經</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=39" title="编辑章节：聖經"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>金在《<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="舊約聖經">舊約聖經</a>》經常被提及，由〈<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="創世紀">創世紀</a>〉2章11節（在<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈腓拉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Havilah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E8%85%93%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈腓拉（页面不存在）">哈腓拉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havilah" class="extiw" title="en:Havilah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Havilah</span></a></span>）</span></span>），亦是在〈<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%A4%AA%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="馬太福音">馬太福音</a>〉提及的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB" title="東方三博士">東方三博士</a>帶來的禮物之一。〈<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%9F%E7%A4%BA%E9%8C%84" class="mw-redirect" title="啟示錄">啟示錄</a>〉21章21節形容<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="新耶路撒冷">新耶路撒冷</a>這城市有街道由純金製造，與水晶一樣清晰。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="烏托邦"><span id=".E7.83.8F.E6.89.98.E9.82.A6"></span>烏托邦</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=40" title="编辑章节：烏托邦"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>雖然部分<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%91" class="mw-redirect" title="鉑">鉑</a>組別的金屬的價格可以比金高出很多，但是金仍然長期被視為最受歡迎的貴金屬，而其價值在歷史中被用作很多<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="貨幣">貨幣</a>的標準（稱為<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%8D" title="金本位">金本位</a>）。金被視為純正、珍貴、皇室及包含以上所有特徵的角色。金作為財富及威望的象徵被<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="托馬斯·莫爾">托馬斯·莫爾</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E6%89%98%E9%82%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="烏托邦">烏托邦</a>》中被取笑；在那想像中的島嶼上，金常見得可以用作奴隸的鎖鏈、餐具及<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%90%E5%BB%81" class="mw-redirect" title="坐廁">坐廁</a>。當其他國家的大使來訪時，因為他們炫耀他們的金製珠寶及獎章，烏托邦人誤會他們是僕人，而反而對那些只是適度打扮的人表示崇敬。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="分布"><span id=".E5.88.86.E5.B8.83"></span>分布</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=41" title="编辑章节：分布"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="自然狀態"><span id=".E8.87.AA.E7.84.B6.E7.8B.80.E6.85.8B"></span>自然狀態</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=42" title="编辑章节：自然狀態"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>金在<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6" title="自然">自然</a>中通常以其<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="單質">單質</a>形式出現，即金屬狀態，但亦常與銀形成合金。天然金通常會有8-10%的銀，而銀含量超過20%稱為<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="琥珀金">琥珀金</a>。當銀含量上升時，物件的顏色會變得較白及較輕。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="來源"><span id=".E4.BE.86.E6.BA.90"></span>來源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=43" title="编辑章节：來源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>當<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E7%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="礦石">礦石</a>含有天然金時，金會以粒狀或微觀粒子狀態藏在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3" title="岩石">岩石</a>中，通常會與<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%B1" title="石英">石英</a>或如<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%90%B5%E7%A4%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="黃鐵礦">黃鐵礦</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A1%AB%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9%E7%A4%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="硫化物礦（页面不存在）">硫化物礦</a>礦脈同時出現。以上情況稱為<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="脈狀礦床" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lode"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%84%88%E7%8B%80%E7%A4%A6%E5%BA%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="脈狀礦床（页面不存在）">脈狀礦床</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lode" class="extiw" title="en:Lode"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lode</span></a></span>）</span></span>、或是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%A9%E8%84%88%E9%87%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岩脈金（页面不存在）">岩脈金</a>。天然金亦會以葉片、粒狀或大型金塊的形式出現，它們由岩石中侵蝕出來，最後形成沖積礦床的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%99%E7%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沙礫（页面不存在）">沙礫</a>，稱為砂礦，或是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%96%E7%A9%8D%E9%87%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沖積金（页面不存在）">沖積金</a>。沖積金一定會比脈狀礦床的表面含有較豐富的金，因為在岩石中的金的鄰近礦物氧化後，再經過<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E5%8C%96%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="風化作用">風化作用</a>、清洗後流入<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="河流">河流</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AA%E6%B5%81" class="mw-redirect" title="溪流">溪流</a>，在那裡透過水作收集及結合再形成金塊。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GoldOreUSGOV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/GoldOreUSGOV.jpg/200px-GoldOreUSGOV.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/GoldOreUSGOV.jpg/300px-GoldOreUSGOV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/GoldOreUSGOV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="449" /></a><figcaption>金礦石</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="金礦石"><span id=".E9.87.91.E7.A4.A6.E7.9F.B3"></span>金礦石</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=44" title="编辑章节：金礦石"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>金亦有時會以與其他元素，特別是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">碲</a>形成<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="化合物">化合物</a>的形式出現。例子有<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="針狀碲金礦" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="calaverite"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%9D%E7%8B%80%E7%A2%B2%E9%87%91%E7%A4%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="針狀碲金礦（页面不存在）">針狀碲金礦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/calaverite" class="extiw" title="en:calaverite"><span lang="en" dir="auto">calaverite</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%88%E7%A2%B2%E9%87%91%E9%93%B6%E7%9F%BF" title="针碲金银矿">針碲金銀礦</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="葉碲礦" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="nagyagite"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%89%E7%A2%B2%E7%A4%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葉碲礦（页面不存在）">葉碲礦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nagyagite" class="extiw" title="en:nagyagite"><span lang="en" dir="auto">nagyagite</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="碲金銀礦" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="petzite"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%B2%E9%87%91%E9%8A%80%E7%A4%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="碲金銀礦（页面不存在）">碲金銀礦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/petzite" class="extiw" title="en:petzite"><span lang="en" dir="auto">petzite</span></a></span>）</span></span>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%A2%B2%E9%87%91%E9%93%B6%E7%9F%BF" title="白碲金银矿">白碲金銀礦</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。金亦有極少機會與水銀以汞齊形成出現，另外亦會以一個低<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%83%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="濃度">濃度</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B0%B4" title="海水">海水</a>出現。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生產"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E7.94.A2"></span>生產</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=45" title="编辑章节：生產"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%98%E9%87%91" title="淘金">淘金</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A1%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="採金">採金</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E9%87%91" title="提金">提金</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="開採黃金的大小"><span id=".E9.96.8B.E6.8E.A1.E9.BB.83.E9.87.91.E7.9A.84.E5.A4.A7.E5.B0.8F"></span>開採黃金的大小</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=46" title="编辑章节：開採黃金的大小"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>有經濟效益的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E9%87%91" title="提金">提金</a>由大型容易開採礦藏中的礦石質素平均小於0.5 g/1000 kg(0.5 parts per million, ppm)便可以達成。在露天開採的金礦中，通常礦石的質素為1至5 g/1000 kg（1–5 ppm），<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地下硬岩開採" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hard rock mining"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E7%A1%AC%E5%B2%A9%E9%96%8B%E6%8E%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地下硬岩開採（页面不存在）">地下硬岩開採</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_rock_mining" class="extiw" title="en:Hard rock mining"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hard rock mining</span></a></span>）</span></span>或是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E5%BC%80%E9%87%87" title="地下开采">地下開採</a>的礦石的質素通常至少有3 g/1000 kg (3 ppm。由於金的質素要達到30 g/1000 kg（30 ppm）才可能被肉眼可以看得見金，所以金礦中的金是看不到的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="南非的產金業趨勢"><span id=".E5.8D.97.E9.9D.9E.E7.9A.84.E7.94.A2.E9.87.91.E6.A5.AD.E8.B6.A8.E5.8B.A2"></span>南非的產金業趨勢</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=47" title="编辑章节：南非的產金業趨勢"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_-_world_production_trend.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Gold_-_world_production_trend.svg/220px-Gold_-_world_production_trend.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Gold_-_world_production_trend.svg/330px-Gold_-_world_production_trend.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Gold_-_world_production_trend.svg/440px-Gold_-_world_production_trend.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>世界黃金生產趨勢</figcaption></figure> <p>自從1880年代開始，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a>便成為了世界黃金供應的一大部分來源，約有50%的已經生產的黃金由南非而來。1970年的生產佔世界供應的79%，約有1,000<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%99%B8" title="公噸">噸</a>。但在2007年只有272噸。以上明顯的下降是因為開採的困難度增加、影響工業的經濟因素的改變及安全監察的加強。在2007年中國生產了276噸取代了南非成為了世界最大的黃金生產者，為1905年來首次取代南非的地位<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="南非金礦"><span id=".E5.8D.97.E9.9D.9E.E9.87.91.E7.A4.A6"></span>南非金礦</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=48" title="编辑章节：南非金礦"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>位於南非的城市<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E5%85%A7%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="約翰內斯堡">約翰內斯堡</a>因為威特沃特斯蘭德淘金潮而形成，而當時發現了有史以來世界上最大的金礦。位於<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E9%82%A6_(%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E)" class="mw-redirect" title="自由邦 (南非)">自由邦</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%AA%E7%99%BB%E7%9C%81" title="豪登省">豪登省</a>盆地的金礦礦場，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="走向和傾角" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="strike and dip"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%B0%E5%90%91%E5%92%8C%E5%82%BE%E8%A7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="走向和傾角（页面不存在）">走向和傾角</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/strike_and_dip" class="extiw" title="en:strike and dip"><span lang="en" dir="auto">strike and dip</span></a></span>）</span></span>均十分廣闊，成為世界最深的金礦，而當中Savuka及TauTona<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E6%89%98%E9%82%A3%E9%87%91%E7%9F%BF" title="陶托那金矿">陶托那金矿</a>是現今最深的金礦，有3,777公尺。在1899年至1901年<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大英帝國">大英帝國</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%9D%9E%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%A1%E4%BA%BA" title="阿非利卡人">阿非利卡人</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%80%B3%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="波耳人">波耳人</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E6%B3%A2%E8%80%B3%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次波耳戰爭">第二次波耳戰爭</a>的其中一個起因便是採礦工人權利及南非黃金財富所有權之爭。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他主要生產者"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E4.B8.BB.E8.A6.81.E7.94.9F.E7.94.A2.E8.80.85"></span>其他主要生產者</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=49" title="编辑章节：其他主要生產者"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_mine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Gold_mine.jpg/200px-Gold_mine.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Gold_mine.jpg/300px-Gold_mine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Gold_mine.jpg/400px-Gold_mine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>澳洲<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="維多利亞州">維多利亞州</a>往地下金礦的入口</figcaption></figure> <p>其他主要的黃金生產者有美國、澳洲、中國、俄羅斯及秘魯。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%81%94%E7%A7%91%E4%BB%96%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="南達科他州">南達科他州</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E8%8F%AF%E9%81%94%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="內華達州">內華達州</a>的金礦提供了美國三分之二的黃金用量。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="南美">南美</a>有富爭議性的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="帕斯瓜拉瑪礦場" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pascua Lama"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF%E7%93%9C%E6%8B%89%E7%91%AA%E7%A4%A6%E5%A0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帕斯瓜拉瑪礦場（页面不存在）">帕斯瓜拉瑪礦場</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascua_Lama" class="extiw" title="en:Pascua Lama"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pascua Lama</span></a></span>）</span></span>計劃，其目的為開發位於<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9" title="智利">智利</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7" title="阿根廷">阿根廷</a>邊境的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%94%E5%8D%A1%E9%A6%AC%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="阿塔卡馬沙漠">阿塔卡馬沙漠</a>高山的豐富資源地區。現在約有四分之一的世界黃金出口估計源自手工業或是小型採礦<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="工業精煉"><span id=".E5.B7.A5.E6.A5.AD.E7.B2.BE.E7.85.89"></span>工業精煉</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=50" title="编辑章节：工業精煉"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在初期生產後，金接著通常會被<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="沃爾威爾法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wohlwill process"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%83%E7%88%BE%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沃爾威爾法（页面不存在）">沃爾威爾法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wohlwill_process" class="extiw" title="en:Wohlwill process"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wohlwill process</span></a></span>）</span></span>或是<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%8B%92%E6%B3%95_(%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E7%B2%BE%E7%85%89)" title="密勒法 (金屬精煉)">密勒法 (金屬精煉)</a>作工業精煉。其他<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="試金" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="assaying"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%A6%E9%87%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="試金（页面不存在）">試金</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/assaying" class="extiw" title="en:assaying"><span lang="en" dir="auto">assaying</span></a></span>）</span></span>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="純化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Purification"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="純化（页面不存在）">純化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purification" class="extiw" title="en:Purification"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Purification</span></a></span>）</span></span>小量黃金的方法包括加銀分金法、金銀分離法及<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E5%90%B9%E6%B3%95" title="灰吹法">灰吹法</a>，或基於溶解金於王水中的精煉方法。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="海水化金"><span id=".E6.B5.B7.E6.B0.B4.E5.8C.96.E9.87.91"></span>海水化金</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=51" title="编辑章节：海水化金"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="欺騙的手法"><span id=".E6.AC.BA.E9.A8.99.E7.9A.84.E6.89.8B.E6.B3.95"></span>欺騙的手法</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=52" title="编辑章节：欺騙的手法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>世界海洋含有大量的黃金，但都以濃度極低的狀態存在，可能其<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%84%84%E5%88%86%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="十億分率">十億分率</a>只有0.1-0.2。有很多人自稱能夠合乎經濟效益地從海水中取得黃金，但直到現在他們全部均是錯誤或有欺騙成分的。<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="普雷斯科特·傑尼根" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prescott Jernegan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%82%91%E5%B0%BC%E6%A0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普雷斯科特·傑尼根（页面不存在）">普雷斯科特·傑尼根</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prescott_Jernegan" class="extiw" title="en:Prescott Jernegan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prescott Jernegan</span></a></span>）</span></span>在美國1890年代進行一個海水化金的詐騙。在1900年代一個英國的騙子亦進行同樣的騙局<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="商業上的嘗試"><span id=".E5.95.86.E6.A5.AD.E4.B8.8A.E7.9A.84.E5.98.97.E8.A9.A6"></span>商業上的嘗試</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=53" title="编辑章节：商業上的嘗試"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>發明<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%9F%8F%E6%B3%95" title="哈柏法">哈柏法</a>的德國籍發明家<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E4%BC%AF" title="弗里茨·哈伯">弗里茨·哈伯</a>試圖商業地運作海水化金，希望以此幫助償還德國在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次世界大戰">第一次世界大戰</a>的賠償。但他不幸地把海水中金的濃度估計過高，可能因為其樣本受到污染。他的努力只可以生產少量的金，而令德國政府的虧損比其商業價值高出很多。現今仍然未有商業上可能的海水化金的方案得到確認。黃金合成在經濟上來說不可能，而在可見未來上亦不可預見。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="黃金的供求"><span id=".E9.BB.83.E9.87.91.E7.9A.84.E4.BE.9B.E6.B1.82"></span>黃金的供求</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=54" title="编辑章节：黃金的供求"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_(mined)2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Gold_%28mined%292.png/220px-Gold_%28mined%292.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Gold_%28mined%292.png/330px-Gold_%28mined%292.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Gold_%28mined%292.png/440px-Gold_%28mined%292.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>2005年黃金出口</figcaption></figure> <p>平均<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A1%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="採金">採金</a>及提金的成本為每<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E8%A1%A1%E5%88%B6%E7%9B%8E%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金衡制盎司（页面不存在）">金衡制盎司</a>US$238，但它亦會因應開採模式及礦石質素而改變。在2001年，全球金礦生產出2,604噸，即那年全部黃金需求的67%。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" title="世界黃金協會">世界黃金協會</a>估計在2005年全球黃金供應為3,859噸，而需求為3,754噸，有105噸的盈餘<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在2006年，估計所有曾經生產的黃金有158,000噸<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。以現在的消耗量，黃金的供應估計可以維持45年<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="價格"><span id=".E5.83.B9.E6.A0.BC"></span>價格</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=55" title="编辑章节：價格"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LBMA_Au_AM_USD_2001-06042006.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/LBMA_Au_AM_USD_2001-06042006.png/200px-LBMA_Au_AM_USD_2001-06042006.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/LBMA_Au_AM_USD_2001-06042006.png/300px-LBMA_Au_AM_USD_2001-06042006.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/LBMA_Au_AM_USD_2001-06042006.png/400px-LBMA_Au_AM_USD_2001-06042006.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>自從2001年<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6%E9%87%91%E9%8A%80%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="倫敦金銀市場協會（页面不存在）">倫敦金銀市場協會</a>（LBMA）以每金衡制盎司的美金計的早上<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E7%8F%BE%E8%B2%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%83%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黃金現貨定價（页面不存在）">黃金現貨定價</a>（Gold Fix）</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_Spot_Price_per_Gram_from_Jan_1971_to_Jan_2012.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gold_Spot_Price_per_Gram_from_Jan_1971_to_Jan_2012.svg/200px-Gold_Spot_Price_per_Gram_from_Jan_1971_to_Jan_2012.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gold_Spot_Price_per_Gram_from_Jan_1971_to_Jan_2012.svg/300px-Gold_Spot_Price_per_Gram_from_Jan_1971_to_Jan_2012.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gold_Spot_Price_per_Gram_from_Jan_1971_to_Jan_2012.svg/400px-Gold_Spot_Price_per_Gram_from_Jan_1971_to_Jan_2012.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="897" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption>自從1968年每盎司的實際美元及2006年美元計的金價</figcaption></figure> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E6%8A%95%E8%B3%87" title="黃金投資">黃金投資</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%8D" title="金本位">金本位</a></div> <p>黃金的高價是因為其數量極為稀少。在地球地殼中只有十億分之三是金。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="量度方法"><span id=".E9.87.8F.E5.BA.A6.E6.96.B9.E6.B3.95"></span>量度方法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=56" title="编辑章节：量度方法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>與其他貴金屬相似，金是以<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%A1%A1%E5%88%B6" title="金衡制">金衡制</a>及克計算。當它與其他金屬形成合金時則用克拉顯示其金的含量，以24克拉為純金以較少克拉的以比例計含金量則較少。而<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%A2%9D" title="金條">金條</a>的純度亦可以以0至1的小數表示，稱為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%83%E5%88%86%E7%B4%94%E6%B7%A8%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="千分純淨度（页面不存在）">千分純淨度</a>，例如0.995便是十分純淨。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="定價方式"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E5.83.B9.E6.96.B9.E5.BC.8F"></span>定價方式</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=57" title="编辑章节：定價方式"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>黃金的價格由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E9%96%8B%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公開市場（页面不存在）">公開市場</a>控制，但倫敦一個在1919年九月開始稱為黃金現貨定價的體制提供黃金業一個每日的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E6%BA%96%E6%8C%87%E6%A8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基準指標（页面不存在）">基準指標</a>。而下午黃金現貨定價則在1968年出現，目的為了當美國市場開市時作一個價格本位。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="金與貨幣的關係發展"><span id=".E9.87.91.E8.88.87.E8.B2.A8.E5.B9.A3.E7.9A.84.E9.97.9C.E4.BF.82.E7.99.BC.E5.B1.95"></span>金與貨幣的關係發展</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=58" title="编辑章节：金與貨幣的關係發展"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="固定價格"><span id=".E5.9B.BA.E5.AE.9A.E5.83.B9.E6.A0.BC"></span>固定價格</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=59" title="编辑章节：固定價格"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>歷史上金用來支持貨幣，在稱為金本位經濟系統中，特定重量的金會被稱為貨幣單位的一個名稱。美國政府有一段長時間設定美元的價格為每金衡制盎司$20.67($664.56/kg)，但在1934年美元的價格重新估價為每金衡制盎司$35.00（$1125.27/kg）。在1961年，因為維持此價格變得很困難，有一些美國及歐洲銀行同意操縱市場去防止貨幣因為黃金需求上升而帶來進一步貶值。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="私人與國際市場的分開處理"><span id=".E7.A7.81.E4.BA.BA.E8.88.87.E5.9C.8B.E9.9A.9B.E5.B8.82.E5.A0.B4.E7.9A.84.E5.88.86.E9.96.8B.E8.99.95.E7.90.86"></span>私人與國際市場的分開處理</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=60" title="编辑章节：私人與國際市場的分開處理"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在1968年3月17日，經濟因素令黃金互助基金的崩潰，取而代之的是兩層的價格機制，黃金仍然用在國際戶口以每金衡制盎司$35.00（$1.13/g）的舊價格處理，但私人市場的黃金價格卻容許其自由浮動。以上兩層的價格機制在1975年被廢除，在那時黃金價格完全由自由市場控制。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="中央銀行">中央銀行</a>仍然持有歷史性的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E5%84%B2%E5%82%99" title="黃金儲備">黃金儲備</a>作為一種<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%80%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保值（页面不存在）">保值</a>，雖然所佔的比重越來越少。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="黃金儲備"><span id=".E9.BB.83.E9.87.91.E5.84.B2.E5.82.99"></span>黃金儲備</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=61" title="编辑章节：黃金儲備"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>世界最大的黃金儲備位於<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="紐約">紐約</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E5%84%B2%E5%82%99%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="聯邦儲備銀行">聯邦儲備銀行</a>，持有約3%的已開採黃金<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，而同樣裝滿貴金屬、在<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="諾克斯堡">諾克斯堡</a>的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美國金銀儲備" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="U.S. Bullion Depository"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%87%91%E9%8A%80%E5%84%B2%E5%82%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國金銀儲備（页面不存在）">美國金銀儲備</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Bullion_Depository" class="extiw" title="en:U.S. Bullion Depository"><span lang="en" dir="auto">U.S. Bullion Depository</span></a></span>）</span></span>亦有相同持有量<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2015年11月，全球持有黄金的前10名国家依序为：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰">荷兰</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>。第一名美国拥金量为8133.5吨，第二名德国为3381.0吨。<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="價格記錄"><span id=".E5.83.B9.E6.A0.BC.E8.A8.98.E9.8C.84"></span>價格記錄</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=62" title="编辑章节：價格記錄"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由1968年開始，黃金在開放市場的價格轉變幅度很大，倫敦黃金現貨定價由1980年1月21日$850/oz ($27,300/kg)的高位至1999年6月21日$252.90/oz ($8,131/kg)的低位<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1980年的高位只有到2008年1月3日的倫敦黃金現貨上午定價才能達到一個$865.35/oz的新高位<sup id="cite_ref-LBMA_statistics_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LBMA_statistics-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="長期價格趨勢"><span id=".E9.95.B7.E6.9C.9F.E5.83.B9.E6.A0.BC.E8.B6.A8.E5.8B.A2"></span>長期價格趨勢</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=63" title="编辑章节：長期價格趨勢"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由2001年4月黃金美元價格已經是原本價格的三倍<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，引起了長期的熊市（或稱為<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="商品大蕭條" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="2000s commodities boom"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%95%86%E5%93%81%E5%A4%A7%E8%95%AD%E6%A2%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="商品大蕭條（页面不存在）">商品大蕭條</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000s_commodities_boom" class="extiw" title="en:2000s commodities boom"><span lang="en" dir="auto">2000s commodities boom</span></a></span>）</span></span>）已經完結，而<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="牛市">牛市</a>已經回歸的推測<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在2008年3月，黃金價格上升至超過US$1000<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但其<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%A6%E8%B3%AA%E5%B0%8D%E5%90%8D%E7%9B%AE%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="實質對名目價值（页面不存在）">實質對名目價值</a>仍然低於1980年1月21日$850/oz的高位很多。以通脹計算的話，1980年的高位等於以2007年美元計的US$2400。在上一個世紀，主要經濟危機如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%95%AD%E6%A2%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="大蕭條">大蕭條</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰">第二次世界大戰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次石油危機">第一次</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次石油危機">第二次石油危機</a>令原本已經有經過通脹調整的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="道指和黃金比值" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dow/Gold ratio"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%8C%87%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E6%AF%94%E5%80%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="道指和黃金比值（页面不存在）">道指和黃金比值</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow/Gold_ratio" class="extiw" title="en:Dow/Gold ratio"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dow/Gold ratio</span></a></span>）</span></span>下降很多，大部分情況都會低於4很多<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在此艱難的時間，投資者會透過投資貴金屬特別是金和銀等來保障其資產。從2001年起的長期趨勢顯示此情況已再次出現。其主要原因在於歐洲<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>及美國<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3%E4%BE%9B%E7%B5%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="貨幣供給">貨幣供給</a>的急速上升，即<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="貨幣膨脹" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="monetary inflation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3%E8%86%A8%E8%84%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="貨幣膨脹（页面不存在）">貨幣膨脹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/monetary_inflation" class="extiw" title="en:monetary inflation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">monetary inflation</span></a></span>）</span></span>與美國的高<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雙赤字" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="double deficit"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%99%E8%B5%A4%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雙赤字（页面不存在）">雙赤字</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/double_deficit" class="extiw" title="en:double deficit"><span lang="en" dir="auto">double deficit</span></a></span>）</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此嚴重的經濟問題令<a href="/wiki/2007%E5%B9%B4%E6%AC%A1%E7%B4%9A%E6%88%BF%E5%B1%8B%E4%BF%A1%E8%B2%B8%E9%A2%A8%E6%9A%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="2007年次級房屋信貸風暴">2007年次級房屋信貸風暴</a>、高<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%B2%A8%E8%86%A8%E8%84%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="通貨膨脹">通貨膨脹</a>和主要貨幣特別是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a>對<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%94%A8%E5%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="日用品">日用品</a>大幅的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%98%E8%88%8A" title="折舊">折舊</a>發生。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="化合物"><span id=".E5.8C.96.E5.90.88.E7.89.A9"></span>化合物</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=64" title="编辑章节：化合物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="金化合物">金化合物</a></div> <p>雖然金是一種<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E9%87%8D%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="貴重金屬">貴重金屬</a>，它仍然會形成很多不同类型的化合物，其中金所呈<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%80%81" title="氧化态">氧化態</a>大多在-1至+5之间，主要為一價金（Au(I)）及三價金（Au(III)）。一價金是最常見的氧化態，多为与较“<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E7%A1%AC%E9%85%B8%E7%A2%B1%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="软硬酸碱理论">軟</a>”的<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E9%AB%94_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8)" class="mw-redirect" title="配體 (化學)">配體</a>（如<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%86%9A" title="硫醚">硫醚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%86%87" title="硫醇">硫醇</a>负离子及叔<a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A6" title="膦">膦</a>）形成的<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="配合物">配合物</a>，通常呈直线形结构。其中一個例子便是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B0%E5%8C%96%E9%87%91" title="氰化金">二氰合金(I)离子</a>（Au(CN)<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>），是氰化法提金时溶液中金的主要存在形态。一價金不易与水形成配离子。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="二元化合物">二元</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E5%8C%96%E9%87%91" title="卤化金">鹵化金</a>如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%87%91(I)" class="mw-redirect" title="氯化金(I)">氯化金(I)</a>（AuCl）为<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%B8%E9%BD%92%E5%BD%A2" title="鋸齒形">鋸齒形</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="聚合物">聚合物</a>长鏈结构，金原子以直线形排列。大部分含金药物中的金也都为正一氧化态。<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>三價金也是一種常見的氧化態，例子有<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="三氯化金">三氯化金</a>（AuCl<sub>3</sub>）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8C%E9%87%91" title="三氧化二金">三氧化二金</a>（Au<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E9%87%91%E9%85%B8" title="氯金酸">氯金酸</a>（HAuCl<sub>4</sub>，可由金溶於<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%B0%B4" title="王水">王水</a>得到）等，为<i>d</i><sup>8</sup>结构，呈<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="平面正方构型" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Square planar molecular geometry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2%E6%AD%A3%E6%96%B9%E6%9E%84%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平面正方构型（页面不存在）">平面正方构型</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_planar_molecular_geometry" class="extiw" title="en:Square planar molecular geometry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Square planar molecular geometry</span></a></span>）</span></span>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他价态"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E4.BB.B7.E6.80.81"></span>其他价态</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=65" title="编辑章节：其他价态"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>金也可以呈二價、五價或負一價。二價金化合物通常含Au-Au键，呈<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E7%A3%81%E6%80%A7" title="抗磁性">抗磁性</a>，例如[Au(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>P(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙">氙</a>也可作配体，与金(II)形成[AuXe<sub>4</sub>](Sb<sub>2</sub>F<sub>11</sub>)<sub>2</sub>。<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Au(V)是已知金的最高氧化态，特征化合物为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E9%87%91" title="五氟化金">五氟化金</a>（AuF<sub>5</sub>）。<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Au(-I)的例子则包括众多金化物，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%8C%96%E9%93%AF" title="金化铯">金化铯</a>（为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%AF" title="氯化铯">氯化铯</a>型结构）、<sup id="cite_ref-relativist_Au_Pt_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-relativist_Au_Pt-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>金化<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷">铷</a>、金化<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾">钾</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E5%8C%96%E9%93%B5" title="四甲基金化铵">四甲基金化銨</a>（(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>N<sup>+</sup>Au<sup>−</sup>），Au<sup>-</sup>在溶液中表现出部分<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="卤化物">卤素阴离子</a>的性质，研究表明Au<sup>-</sup>离子的颜色为无色，但是Au<sup>-</sup>本身也很容易受到来自阳离子的作用。<sup id="cite_ref-Holleman_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holleman-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>许多含金化合物的分子晶体有<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%B2%E9%87%91%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="亲金作用">亲金相互作用</a>，以R-Au…Au-R表示，也称<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%94%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="金键">金键</a>，强度与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E9%94%AE" title="氢键">氢键</a>相当，键长在300pm左右<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。该相互作用是<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E9%97%B4%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E5%8A%9B" title="分子间作用力">分子间作用力</a>的一个新类型，使不少晶体中存在“金链”、“金面”、双分子缔合（R-Au…Au-R）或大环分子内金键<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，并具有一些特殊性质，目前正在广泛研究之中。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="混合價化合物"><span id=".E6.B7.B7.E5.90.88.E5.83.B9.E5.8C.96.E5.90.88.E7.89.A9"></span>混合價化合物</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=66" title="编辑章节：混合價化合物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>金也可以生成很多<a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%87%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="簇合物">簇合物</a>，<sup id="cite_ref-Holleman_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holleman-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>其中的金多为分数氧化态，例如八面体型的{Au(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8B%AF%E5%9F%BA%E8%86%A6" title="三苯基膦">P(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a>)}<sub>6</sub><sup>2+</sup>，以及属于二元金──<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氧族元素">氧族元素</a>化合物的AuS。它含等量的Au(I)和Au(III)。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="含有金-金属键的配合物"><span id=".E5.90.AB.E6.9C.89.E9.87.91-.E9.87.91.E5.B1.9E.E9.94.AE.E7.9A.84.E9.85.8D.E5.90.88.E7.89.A9"></span>含有金-金属键的配合物</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=67" title="编辑章节：含有金-金属键的配合物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>金可以形成众多配合物，其中一类是含有金-金属键的简单配合物，如Au<sub>2</sub>、AgAu、AuSn等，它们存在于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E7%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="氣相">气相</a>中，其他化合物如(Ph<sub>3</sub>PAu)<sub>2</sub>Fe(CO)<sub>4</sub>等也已被合成。另外一类是金<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%B0%87%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原子簇配合物（页面不存在）">原子簇配合物</a>，其原子簇可含2个、3个、6个、9个或11个金原子，如{[(Ph<sub>3</sub>P)Au]<sub>3</sub>O}BF<sub>4</sub>、[N(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]{Au[Co(CO)<sub>4</sub>]<sub>2</sub>}等。<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="同位素"><span id=".E5.90.8C.E4.BD.8D.E7.B4.A0"></span>同位素</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=68" title="编辑章节：同位素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="金的同位素">金的同位素</a></div> <p>在全部金的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素">同位素</a>中，只有金-197屬於穩定同位素，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="丰度">天然丰度</a>接近100%。其他36種同位素（原子量169到205）均為人工合成，且帶有<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7" title="放射性">放射性</a>。當中金-195的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>最長，達到186日，金-171的半衰期最短，只有30µs。 </p><p>金曾經被建議作為<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="核武器">核武器</a>中一種<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B9%BD%E5%BD%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鹽彈（页面不存在）">鹽彈</a>的原料，而<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="鈷">鈷</a>是另一種建議且較為人知的原料，可製成<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4%E5%BC%B9" title="钴弹">鈷彈</a>。一層天然金的外罩經由<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="熱核武器">熱核武器</a>放出的密集高能量<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E9%80%9A%E9%87%8F" title="中子通量">中子通量</a>放射後，會發生<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="核轉變" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nuclear transmutation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E8%BD%89%E8%AE%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="核轉變（页面不存在）">核轉變</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_transmutation" class="extiw" title="en:Nuclear transmutation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nuclear transmutation</span></a></span>）</span></span>成為有半衰期2.697日的放射性同位素Au-198，製造出約.411 <a href="/wiki/MeV" class="mw-redirect" title="MeV">MeV</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="伽馬射線">伽馬射線</a>，顯著增加了武器<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E5%BE%AE%E7%B2%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="核微粒（页面不存在）">核微粒</a>幾天的放射性。此武器的製造、測試及使用仍未被人所知。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="象徵意義"><span id=".E8.B1.A1.E5.BE.B5.E6.84.8F.E7.BE.A9"></span>象徵意義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=69" title="编辑章节：象徵意義"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goldkey_logo_removed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Goldkey_logo_removed.jpg/150px-Goldkey_logo_removed.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Goldkey_logo_removed.jpg/225px-Goldkey_logo_removed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Goldkey_logo_removed.jpg/300px-Goldkey_logo_removed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1012" data-file-height="805" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>鑄造的一公斤<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%A2%9D" title="金條">金條</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="正反意義"><span id=".E6.AD.A3.E5.8F.8D.E6.84.8F.E7.BE.A9"></span>正反意義</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=70" title="编辑章节：正反意義"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在歷史上金曾與偉大聖潔及極度邪惡兩個極端聯繫起來。在《<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E8%A8%98" title="出埃及記">出埃及記</a>》中，<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%89%9B%E7%8A%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="金牛犢">金牛犢</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%B6%E5%83%8F%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="偶像崇拜">偶像崇拜</a>及反叛神的標誌。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="共產主義">共產主義</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="政治宣傳">政治宣傳</a>中，黃金<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%80%E8%A1%A8" title="怀表">懷錶</a>及其黃金錶鏈是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A%E6%95%B5%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="階級敵人">階級敵人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E7%94%A2%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A" title="資產階級">資產階級</a>和工業<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%A8" title="大亨">大亨</a>的特點。另一方面，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E4%B8%96%E8%A8%98" title="創世記">創世記</a>中，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95" title="亞伯拉罕">亞伯拉罕</a>被描述為一個擁有很多金銀財寶的人，而摩西被指示要用黃金覆蓋<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E6%AB%83" title="約櫃">約櫃</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E6%81%A9%E5%BA%A7" title="施恩座">施恩座</a>。卓越的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%84%E8%BE%AF%E5%AE%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雄辯家（页面不存在）">雄辯家</a>如<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99)" title="约翰一世 (君士坦丁堡大主教)">約翰一世</a>便有「金口銀舌」之稱。而<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a>古代<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="皇帝">皇帝</a>的说话被比喻为「金口玉言」以示郑重。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="金在儀式中的象徵"><span id=".E9.87.91.E5.9C.A8.E5.84.80.E5.BC.8F.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84.E8.B1.A1.E5.BE.B5"></span>金在儀式中的象徵</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=71" title="编辑章节：金在儀式中的象徵"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E5%A9%9A%E6%88%92%E6%8C%87" title="結婚戒指">結婚戒指</a>傳統上會以黃金製造，原因是它的耐久性及不受時間過去所影響，令它不但是一個適合抵受每日磨損的物料，而且亦是一個代表關係的象徵。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="東方正教會">東方正教會</a>，結婚的男女在婚禮時會以一個黃金王冠作裝飾，為婚禮中的一個象徵性儀式。金與特別的週年紀念有關，特別是50週年，如<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E5%A9%9A%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E6%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="結婚紀念日">結婚紀念日</a>稱為金婚、而<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BB%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%81%E9%80%B1%E5%B9%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="登基五十週年（页面不存在）">登基五十週年</a>（golden jubilee）的英文亦與金有關聯。中世紀的國王會以<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E8%86%8F" title="受膏">受膏</a>及黃金王冠作其正式就任的標誌，後者象徵天堂永久閃耀的光，即作為一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92" title="基督徒">基督徒</a>的國王，其權威是受到神所啟示的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="現代使用黃金的象徵手法"><span id=".E7.8F.BE.E4.BB.A3.E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8.E9.BB.83.E9.87.91.E7.9A.84.E8.B1.A1.E5.BE.B5.E6.89.8B.E6.B3.95"></span>現代使用黃金的象徵手法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=72" title="编辑章节：現代使用黃金的象徵手法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>人類的偉大成就亦會常以金作獎勵，通常是以<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%B3%E7%AB%A0" title="勳章">勳章</a>及裝飾品的形式。競賽的勝利者或是獎項常以授與金牌的形式作獎勵，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="奧林匹克運動會">奧林匹克運動會</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E7%8D%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="諾貝爾獎">諾貝爾獎</a>；而很多獎像則會用金製成需要的形狀，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E9%87%91%E5%83%8F%E7%8D%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="奧斯卡金像獎">奧斯卡金像獎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%90%83%E7%8D%8E_(%E5%BD%B1%E8%A6%96%E7%8D%8E%E9%A0%85)" class="mw-redirect" title="金球獎 (影視獎項)">金球獎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E7%BE%8E%E7%8D%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="艾美獎">艾美獎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%A3%95%E6%AB%9A%E7%8D%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="金棕櫚獎">金棕櫚獎</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2%E7%8D%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="英國電影學院獎">英國電影學院獎</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8%E5%8D%A1" title="信用卡">信用卡</a>公司把它們的產品透過用黃金有關的命名和顏色與財富聯繫起來，但因為希望互相勝過對方的關係，現在金的地位已經被鉑甚至<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E9%87%91%E5%8D%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="黑金卡">黑金卡</a>取代。金的象徵性價值在全球分別很大，甚至在相同地區中亦有不同。例如金在土耳其十分普遍，但在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="西西里島">西西里島</a>則是一個十分珍貴的禮物。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="毒性"><span id=".E6.AF.92.E6.80.A7"></span>毒性</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=73" title="编辑章节：毒性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>純金在進食時是無毒性及非刺激性的<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，在有些時候金會以金葉的形狀用作食物的裝飾，但人類無法消化純金，而純金亦不會在體內生成離子被儲存，所以所有進食的純金會經由糞便排出體外。它亦是<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="金色杜松子酒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Goldschläger"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E8%89%B2%E6%9D%9C%E6%9D%BE%E5%AD%90%E9%85%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金色杜松子酒（页面不存在）">金色杜松子酒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldschl%C3%A4ger" class="extiw" title="en:Goldschläger"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Goldschläger</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="金箭肉桂蒸餾酒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gold Strike"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E7%AE%AD%E8%82%89%E6%A1%82%E8%92%B8%E9%A4%BE%E9%85%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金箭肉桂蒸餾酒（页面不存在）">金箭肉桂蒸餾酒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Strike" class="extiw" title="en:Gold Strike"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gold Strike</span></a></span>）</span></span>及格但斯克金箔酒的添加物。金在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲聯盟">歐洲聯盟</a>已經被准許為一個食物添加物，其在<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="國際食品法典標準" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Codex Alimentarius"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B8%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國際食品法典標準（页面不存在）">國際食品法典標準</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex_Alimentarius" class="extiw" title="en:Codex Alimentarius"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Codex Alimentarius</span></a></span>）</span></span>的E編碼為175。 </p><p>金的可溶性化合物，即<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="金鹽類" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gold salts"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E9%B9%BD%E9%A1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金鹽類（页面不存在）">金鹽類</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_salts" class="extiw" title="en:Gold salts"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gold salts</span></a></span>）</span></span>例如在電鍍中使用的氰化金鉀對於<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E8%87%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="肺臟">肺臟</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F" title="肝臟">肝臟</a>都有毒。現今為止只有很少因為氰化金鉀而致命的個案<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。金的毒性可以透過使用如<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%B7%AF%E5%9F%BA%E4%B8%99%E9%86%87" title="二巯基丙醇">二巯基丙醇</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%AF%E5%90%88%E5%89%82" class="mw-redirect" title="螯合剂">螯合劑</a>作減輕。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="其他_2"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96_2"></span>其他</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=74" title="编辑章节：其他"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stringer156_nugget.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Stringer156_nugget.jpg/250px-Stringer156_nugget.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Stringer156_nugget.jpg/375px-Stringer156_nugget.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Stringer156_nugget.jpg/500px-Stringer156_nugget.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>这一重达156安士（4.42千克）的金塊是一位個人探礦者在南加利福尼亞州的沙漠中發現的</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="制备"><span id=".E5.88.B6.E5.A4.87"></span>制备</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=75" title="编辑章节：制备"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>传统上采用“<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%98%E9%87%91" title="淘金">淘金</a>”法。</li> <li>现代开采的金矿可用<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B0%E5%8C%96%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="氰化法">氰化法</a>提取：先以<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B0%E5%8C%96%E9%88%89" class="mw-redirect" title="氰化鈉">氰化鈉</a>（NaCN）溶液處理粉碎的山金礦石，再用<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%85" class="mw-redirect" title="鋅">鋅</a>還原。</li></ul> <dl><dd>4 Au + 8 NaCN + O<sub>2</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O → 4 NaAu(CN)<sub>2</sub> + 4 NaOH</dd> <dd>Zn + 2 NaAu(CN)<sub>2</sub> → 2 Au + Na<sub>2</sub>Zn(CN)<sub>4</sub></dd></dl> <ul><li>使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%A3" title="电解">电解</a>法精炼可以得到纯度为99.999%的金。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="「咬金測試」"><span id=".E3.80.8C.E5.92.AC.E9.87.91.E6.B8.AC.E8.A9.A6.E3.80.8D"></span>「咬金測試」</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=76" title="编辑章节：「咬金測試」"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>用「咬一咬黃金」去確定黃金的真偽已經有很久遠的歷史。雖然這方法並不專業，「咬金測試」應該可以在黃金上做記號，原因是金以<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%B0%8F%E7%A1%AC%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="摩氏硬度">摩氏硬度</a>作準則是一種軟的金屬。越純正的金越容易做記號。 </p><p>不過因為<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="鉛">鉛</a>比金更軟，加上顏色的<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="鉛">鉛</a>就可以欺騙此測試。如果有足夠數量的鉛因為咬而被吸收的話，這樣亦會引起<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B%E4%B8%AD%E6%AF%92" title="鉛中毒">鉛中毒</a>的危機。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="元素符号由来"><span id=".E5.85.83.E7.B4.A0.E7.AC.A6.E5.8F.B7.E7.94.B1.E6.9D.A5"></span>元素符号由来</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=77" title="编辑章节：元素符号由来"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>金的符號為<b>Au</b>，來自金的拉丁文名稱（<span lang="la">Aurum</span>）。而<span lang="la">Aurum</span>來自<span lang="la">Aurora</span> 一词，是“灿烂的黎明”的意思。在古墨西哥的阿兹台克人使用的语言中，黄金的写法是teocuitlatl，意思是“上帝的大便”。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="煉金術"><span id=".E7.85.89.E9.87.91.E8.A1.93"></span>煉金術</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=78" title="编辑章节：煉金術"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sun_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Sun_symbol.svg/220px-Sun_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Sun_symbol.svg/330px-Sun_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Sun_symbol.svg/440px-Sun_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><figcaption>古代的<a href="/wiki/%E7%82%BC%E9%87%91%E6%9C%AF" title="炼金术">煉金</a>術士用太陽的符號代表金</figcaption></figure> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%89%E9%87%91%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="煉金術">煉金術</a></div> <p>製造金是煉金術主要目的之一，煉金術概念認為金可以由一種稱為<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%A2%E8%80%85%E4%B9%8B%E7%9F%B3" title="賢者之石">賢者之石</a>的神秘物質與如<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="鉛">鉛</a>等的其他物質進行相互作用來製造。雖然煉金術師們從未成功過，但是他們的努力引起了人們對於物質本身能夠做些甚麼的興趣，而此正是現今<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a>的基礎。他們表示金的符號是<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圓中點" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Circled dot"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%93%E4%B8%AD%E9%BB%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圓中點（页面不存在）">圓中點</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circled_dot" class="extiw" title="en:Circled dot"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Circled dot</span></a></span>）</span></span>（☉），而這在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="天文學">天文學</a>符號中、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E8%B1%A1%E5%BD%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="埃及象形文字">埃及象形文字</a>及古代<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>均代表<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽">太陽</a>。而現今人工金的製作方法，參見<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%90%88%E6%88%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金合成（页面不存在）">金合成</a>。 </p><p>根據<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="核物理学">核物理學</a>的理論，若要把其他物質（元素）轉變為金，需要利用<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="核反应">核反應</a>改變<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核">原子核</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="質子數">質子數</a>。此方法需要龐大能量，不符經濟效益。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關條目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>相關條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=79" title="编辑章节：相關條目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="元素">元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="银">银</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%AE%94" title="金箔">金箔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E6%8A%95%E8%B3%87" title="黃金投資">黃金投資</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表">元素周期表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="同位素列表">同位素列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="过渡金属">过渡金属</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E9%87%91%E5%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="数字金币">數字金幣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9A%E4%BA%BA%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="愚人金">愚人金</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%90%B5%E7%A4%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="黃鐵礦">黃鐵礦</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E6%B3%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾泰山脈">阿爾泰山脈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%91" class="mw-redirect" title="鉑">鉑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="舊金山">舊金山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%98%E9%87%91%E7%86%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="淘金熱">淘金熱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="牛仔褲">牛仔褲</a>(為牛仔褲發明人Levis為淘金工發明的耐磨褲)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=80" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taocao.cn/article.a.27071.1.html">黄金在中医中的应用</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="">失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup> 中药材资料数据库 (淘草网) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">（中文）</span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">查看<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="维基词典">维基词典</a>中的词条「<b><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%87%91" class="extiw" title="wikt:金">金</a></b>」。</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>中相關的多媒體資源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gold" class="extiw" title="commons:Gold"><span style="font-weight:bold;">金</span></a>（<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gold" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gold">分類</a>）</div></div> </div> <ul><li>元素金在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodic.lanl.gov/79.shtml">洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室</a>的介紹<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Au.html"><span lang="en">EnvironmentalChemistry.com</span> —— 金</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li>元素<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/079.htm">金</a>在<i>The Periodic Table of Videos</i>（諾丁漢大學）的介紹<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li>元素金在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=Au">Peter van der Krogt elements site</a>的介紹<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Au/index.html">WebElements.com – 金</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307000911/http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/other/mining/techdocs/gold.pdf"><i>Getting Gold</i> 1898 book</a></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080624232821/http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/other/mining/techdocs/gold.pdf">Technical Document on Extraction and Mining of Gold</a></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pniok.de/au.htm">Picture in the Element collection from Heinrich Pniok</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121029163833/http://www.pniok.de/au.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=81" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CIAAW2021-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW2021_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. 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class="nowrap">2008-07-19</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usmint.gov/about_the_mint/fun_facts/index.cfm?flash=yes&printer=yes&printer=yes&printer=yes&printer=yes&printer=yes&printer=no&action=fun_facts13">原始内容</a>存档于2016-03-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%87%91&rft.btitle=Fun+Facts+about+the+United+States+Mint&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usmint.gov%2Fabout_the_mint%2Ffun_facts%2Findex.cfm%3Fflash%3Dyes%26printer%3Dyes%26printer%3Dyes%26printer%3Dyes%26printer%3Dyes%26printer%3Dyes%26printer%3Dno%26action%3Dfun_facts13&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gold.org/download/file/3733/World_Official_Gold_Holdings_as_of_November2015_IFS.xlsx（xlsx）">World Official Gold Holdings as of November2015</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" title="世界黃金協會">世界黃金協會</a>. 2015年11月4日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2015年12月8日]</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%87%91&rft.btitle=World+Official+Gold+Holdings+as+of+November2015&rft.date=2015-11-04&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gold.org%2Fdownload%2Ffile%2F3733%2FWorld_Official_Gold_Holdings_as_of_November2015_IFS.xlsx%EF%BC%88xlsx%EF%BC%89&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> 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J. toxicol., Clin. toxicol. Metals. 2001, vol. 39, no 7, pp. 739-743 ISSN 0731-3810 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=13399830">[1]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170321042842/http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=13399830">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>延伸阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91&action=edit&section=82" title="编辑章节：延伸阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks" style="float: right;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q897"><span class="nomobile">在维基数据</span>编<span class="nomobile">辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </p> <dl><dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%AE%9A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%BD%99%E7%B7%A8/%E9%A3%9F%E8%B2%A8%E5%85%B8/%E9%87%91%E9%83%A8#金" class="extiw" title="s:欽定古今圖書集成/經濟彙編/食貨典/金部">欽定古今圖書集成·經濟彙編·食貨典·金部</a>》，出自<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%A2%A6%E9%9B%B7" 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class="wraplinks" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td>  </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83953186"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱金属">IA<br />1</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E5%9C%9F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱土金属">IIA<br />2</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="3族元素">IIIB<br />3</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/4%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="4族元素">IVB<br />4</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/5%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="5族元素">VB<br />5</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/6%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="6族元素">VIB<br />6</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="7族元素">VIIB<br />7</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/8%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="8族元素">VIIIB<br />8</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/9%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="9族元素">VIIIB<br />9</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/10%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="10族元素">VIIIB<br />10</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/11%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="11族元素">IB<br />11</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/12%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="12族元素">IIB<br />12</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="硼族元素">IIIA<br />13</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="碳族元素">IVA<br />14</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氮族元素">VA<br />15</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氧族元素">VIA<br />16</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E7%B4%A0" title="卤素">VIIA<br />17</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="稀有气体">VIIIA<br />18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC1%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第1周期元素">1</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC2%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第2周期元素">2</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂">Li</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼">B</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">C</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">N</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">O</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">F</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC3%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第3周期元素">3</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">Na</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">Al</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅">Si</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">P</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">S</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">Cl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC4%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第4周期元素">4</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾">K</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AA" title="钪">Sc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛">Ti</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒">V</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬">Cr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰">Mn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">Fe</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4" title="钴">Co</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍">Ni</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜">Cu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌">Zn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%93" title="镓">Ga</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗">Ge</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7" title="砷">As</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">Se</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴">Br</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AA" title="氪">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC5%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第5周期元素">5</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷">Rb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶">Sr</a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;padding:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇">Y</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%86" title="锆">Zr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌">Nb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼">Mo</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝">Tc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌">Ru</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑">Rh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AF" title="钯">Pd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">Ag</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%89" title="镉">Cd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9F" title="铟">In</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡">Sn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%91" title="锑">Sb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">Te</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘">I</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC6%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第6周期元素">6</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯">Cs</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A1" title="钡">Ba</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧">La</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%88" title="铈">Ce</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨">Pr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%95" title="钕">Nd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B7" title="钷">Pm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%90" title="钐">Sm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%95" title="铕">Eu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%86" title="钆">Gd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BD" title="铽">Tb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%9D" title="镝">Dy</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AC" title="钬">Ho</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%92" title="铒">Er</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥">Tm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B1" title="镱">Yb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A5" title="镥">Lu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪">Hf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD" title="钽">Ta</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">W</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BC" title="铼">Re</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇">Os</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B1" title="铱">Ir</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂">Pt</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Au</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">Hg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8A" title="铊">Tl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">Pb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋">Bi</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B" title="钋">Po</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B9" title="砹">At</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC7%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第7周期元素">7</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AB" title="钫">Fr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭">Ra</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95" title="锕">Ac</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">Th</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A4" title="镤">Pa</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">U</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8E" title="镎">Np</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚">Pu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅">Am</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔">Cm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AB" title="锫">Bk</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎">Cf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BF" title="锿">Es</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄">Fm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%94" title="钔">Md</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%98" title="锘">No</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%92" title="鐒">Lr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪">Rf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀">Db</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%8E" title="𨭎">Sg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A8%8F" title="𨨏">Bh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%86" title="𨭆">Hs</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%A5%91" title="䥑">Mt</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%BD" title="鐽">Ds</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%80" title="錀">Rg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B6" title="鎶">Cn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A8" title="鉨">Nh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇">Fl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%86" title="镆">Mc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9D" title="鉝">Lv</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬">Ts</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> 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style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:12em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A5" title="镥">镥</a><br /><b><span class="chemf nowrap">Lu</span></b><br /><small>原子序：71<br />原子量：174.967<br />熔点（K）：1925<br />沸点（K）：3675<br />电负度：1.27</small> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:12em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪">铪</a><br /><b><span class="chemf nowrap">Hf</span></b><br /><small>原子序：72<br />原子量：178.49<br />熔点（K）：2506<br />沸点（K）：4876<br />电负度：1.3</small> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:12em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="鉭">鉭</a><br /><b><span class="chemf nowrap">Ta</span></b><br /><small>原子序：73<br />原子量：180.948<br />熔点（K）：3290<br />沸点（K）：5731<br />电负度：1.5</small> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:12em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">钨</a><br /><b><span class="chemf nowrap">W</span></b><br /><small>原子序：74<br />原子量：183.84<br />熔点（K）：3695<br />沸点（K）：5828<br />电负度：2.36</small> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:12em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="錸">錸</a><br /><b><span class="chemf nowrap">Re</span></b><br /><small>原子序：75<br />原子量：186.207<br />熔点（K）：3459<br />沸点（K）：5869<br />电负度：1.9</small> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:12em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="鋨">鋨</a><br /><b><span class="chemf nowrap">Os</span></b><br /><small>原子序：76<br />原子量：190.23<br />熔点（K）：3306<br />沸点（K）：5285<br />电负度：2.2</small> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid 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plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%8F%A0%E5%AF%B6%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="Template:珠寶材料"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%8F%A0%E5%AF%B6%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="Template talk:珠寶材料"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%8F%A0%E5%AF%B6%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:珠寶材料"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="珠寶款式、設計、材料" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%A0%E5%AF%B6" title="珠寶">珠寶款式、設計、材料</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">样式</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%92%E6%8C%87" title="戒指">戒指</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%B9%E9%93%BE" title="项链">项链</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E9%95%AF" title="手镯">手镯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B3%E7%92%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="耳環">耳環</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%BD%E7%AB%A0" title="徽章">徽章</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%86%A0" title="皇冠">皇冠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%80%E8%A1%A8" title="怀表">怀表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E9%95%AF" title="手镯">手鏈</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%AE%E5%B8%B6%E6%89%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="皮帶扣（页面不存在）">皮帶扣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%98%E5%B8%B6%E5%A4%BE" title="領帶夾">領帶夾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%96%E6%89%A3" title="袖扣">袖扣</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%AE%E9%A3%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="髮飾（页面不存在）">髮飾</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">制作</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">工匠</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%8C%A0" title="金匠">金匠</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="银匠" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Silversmith"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%B6%E5%8C%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="银匠（页面不存在）">银匠</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silversmith" class="extiw" title="en:Silversmith"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Silversmith</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%A0%E5%AF%B6%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="珠寶設計">珠寶設計师</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9F%E8%A1%A8%E5%8C%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="钟表匠">钟表匠</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%A0%E5%AF%B6%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="珠寶設計">珠寶設計</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%B8" title="鋸">鋸</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%93%E7%A3%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="打磨（页面不存在）">磨</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%8A%E6%8E%A5" title="焊接">焊</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%8D%9B%E9%80%A0" title="鍛造">鍛</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%9B%E5%85%89" title="抛光">拋</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%91%B2%E5%B5%8C%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="鑲嵌藝術">鑲</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%95%80%E5%B1%82" title="镀层">鍍</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E8%9C%A1%E6%B3%95" title="失蜡法">失蜡法</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%91%84%E9%80%A0" title="鑄造">鑄造</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B8%E6%B8%97" title="浸渗">浸渗</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96" title="氧化">氧化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%95%E7%89%88" title="雕版">雕版</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">材质</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="貴金屬">貴金屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">金</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AF" title="钯">钯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂">铂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">銀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑">铑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B1" title="铱">铱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇">锇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌">钌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BC" title="铼">铼</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">貴金屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E9%87%91" title="合金">合金</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E9%87%91%E7%A4%A6" title="銀金礦">琥珀金</a>（Electrum）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AB%E7%91%B0%E9%87%91" title="玫瑰金">玫瑰金</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%89%B2%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91" title="白色黃金">白色黃金</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%91%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="卑金屬">卑金屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜">铜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">钨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛">钛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%8A%85" title="黃銅">黃銅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C" title="青铜">青铜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E9%8F%BD%E9%8B%BC" title="不鏽鋼">不鏽鋼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%95%B4" title="白镴">白镴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%9B%AE%E9%87%91" title="木目金">木目金</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">礦物<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B6%E7%9F%B3" title="寶石">寶石</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%B1" title="石英">石英</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%B1" title="石英">黃水晶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E6%B0%B4%E6%99%B6" title="紫水晶">紫水晶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E7%91%99" title="瑪瑙">瑪瑙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%9F%E7%8E%9B%E7%91%99" title="缟玛瑙">縞瑪瑙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%82%E9%87%91%E7%9F%B3" title="砂金石">砂金石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E7%8E%89%E9%AB%93" title="红玉髓">紅玉髓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E%E7%9C%BC%E7%9F%B3" title="虎眼石">虎眼石</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E6%9F%B1%E7%9F%B3" title="綠柱石">綠柱石</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%93%9D%E5%AE%9D%E7%9F%B3" title="海蓝宝石">海蓝宝石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E6%AF%8D%E7%B6%A0" title="祖母綠">祖母綠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%A0%B9%E7%9F%B3" title="摩根石">摩根石</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%BB%BF%E5%AE%9D%E7%9F%B3" title="金绿宝石">金绿宝石</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E7%9F%B3" title="變石">變石</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BB%E7%9F%B3" title="钻石">钻石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%89%E7%9F%B3" title="辉石">辉石</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E8%BC%9D%E7%9F%B3" title="透輝石">透辉石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%A1%E7%BF%A0" title="翡翠">翡翠</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%A6%B4%E7%9F%B3" title="石榴石">石榴石</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%B3%E9%8B%81%E6%A6%B4%E7%9F%B3" title="錳鋁榴石">芬達石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%BC%97%E4%BE%86%E7%9F%B3" title="沙弗來石">沙弗來石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E6%A6%B4%E7%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="贵榴石">贵榴石</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89" title="玉">玉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%A7%E7%8E%89" title="碧玉">碧玉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E9%9B%80%E7%9F%B3" title="孔雀石">孔雀石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%87%91%E7%9F%B3" title="青金石">青金石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%9B%9C%E5%B2%A9" title="黑曜岩">黑曜石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%B3" title="蛋白石">蛋白石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%84%E6%A6%84%E7%9F%B3" title="橄榄石">翠綠橄欖石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%9B%E7%8E%89" title="剛玉">剛玉</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%AE%9D%E7%9F%B3" title="红宝石">红宝石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%9D%E5%AE%9D%E7%9F%B3" title="蓝宝石">蓝宝石</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E9%92%A0%E7%9F%B3" title="方钠石">方钠石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E7%9F%B3" title="长石">长石</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%9F%B3" title="太阳石">太阳石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E5%85%89%E7%9F%B3" title="月光石">月光石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E9%95%BF%E7%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="拉长石">拉长石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B2%B3%E7%9F%B3" title="天河石">天河石</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E6%A1%91%E7%9F%B3" title="坦桑石">坦桑石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E7%8E%89" title="黄玉">黄玉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E6%9D%BE%E7%9F%B3" title="绿松石">绿松石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%A3%E7%9F%B3" title="電氣石">電氣石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%AF%E7%9F%B3" title="鋯石">鋯石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E5%8F%B6%E7%9F%B3" title="磷叶石">磷叶石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A6%8D%E7%9F%B3" title="榍石">榍石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E6%99%B6%E7%9F%B3" title="尖晶石">尖晶石</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BA%A8%E8%93%8B%E5%B0%96%E6%99%B6" title="馬亨蓋尖晶">馬亨蓋尖晶</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">有機寶石</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80" title="琥珀">琥珀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E5%B7%B4%E8%84%82" title="柯巴脂">柯巴脂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%8F%8A%E7%91%9A" title="紅珊瑚">貴珊瑚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%91%E5%BD%A9%E7%9F%B3" title="斑彩石">斑彩石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0" title="珍珠">珍珠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E6%AF%8D" title="珍珠母">珍珠母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E7%89%99" title="象牙">象牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%A8%E7%A3%B2%E4%BA%9E%E7%A7%91" title="硨磲亞科">硨磲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B3%E7%91%81_(%E5%AE%9D%E7%9F%B3)" title="玳瑁 (宝石)">玳瑁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A4%E7%B2%BE" title="煤精">煤玉</a>（Jet）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他自然物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="沼木" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bog-wood"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%BC%E6%9C%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沼木（页面不存在）">沼木</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bog-wood" class="extiw" title="en:Bog-wood"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bog-wood</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="发饰(珠寶)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hair jewellery"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%91%E9%A5%B0(%E7%8F%A0%E5%AF%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="发饰(珠寶)（页面不存在）">发饰(珠寶)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair_jewellery" class="extiw" title="en:Hair jewellery"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hair jewellery</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="贝饰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Shell jewelry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9D%E9%A5%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贝饰（页面不存在）">贝饰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_jewelry" class="extiw" title="en:Shell jewelry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Shell jewelry</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蟾蜍石" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Toadstone"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9F%BE%E8%9C%8D%E7%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蟾蜍石（页面不存在）">蟾蜍石</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toadstone" class="extiw" title="en:Toadstone"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Toadstone</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">术语</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89" title="克拉">克拉</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="金銀器工藝" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#746524; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%87%91%E9%8A%80%E5%99%A8%E5%B7%A5%E8%97%9D" title="Template:金銀器工藝"><abbr title="查看该模板" style="color:white">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E9%87%91%E9%8A%80%E5%99%A8%E5%B7%A5%E8%97%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:金銀器工藝（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板" style="color:white">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%87%91%E9%8A%80%E5%99%A8%E5%B7%A5%E8%97%9D" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:金銀器工藝"><abbr title="编辑该模板" style="color:white">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="金銀器工藝" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span style="color:#ffffff;">金銀器工藝</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> 材質：<a class="mw-selflink selflink">金</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">銀</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="金器">金器</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E5%99%A8" title="銀器">銀器</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">汞</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%86" title="漆">漆</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> 鑄造形式-生活用品：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%9C" title="匜">匜</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="盆">盆</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%97" title="碗">碗</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%AF" title="杯">杯</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%BD%E8%A7%9E" title="羽觞">觴</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9D%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="坯（页面不存在）">坯</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E6%89%98" title="茶托">茶托</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%94%85" title="锅">锅</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%90%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鐺（页面不存在）">鐺</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%9A" class="mw-disambig" title="銚">銚</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="則（页面不存在）">則</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%90%E5%AD%90" title="罐子">罐</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B6" title="壶">壺</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E6%B3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="酒注">酒注</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%92" title="盒">盒</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> 鑄造形式-服飾：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%9F%E9%89%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="襟鉤（页面不存在）">襟鉤</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%A3%E9%A3%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="扣飾（页面不存在）">扣飾</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B3%E5%A2%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耳墜（页面不存在）">耳墜</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%AA" title="簪">簪</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%AA" title="簪">釵</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B4%E9%A5%B0" title="头饰">頭飾</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%B3%E8%83%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梳背（页面不存在）">梳背</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="釧（页面不存在）">釧</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E9%95%AF" title="手镯">手鐲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%B6%E9%8A%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帶銙（页面不存在）">帶銙</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> 鑄造形式-宗教及其他：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%83%8F" title="佛像">佛像</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%83%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="力士像（页面不存在）">力士像</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%B6%E5%87%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="寶函（页面不存在）">寶函</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8F%E7%82%89" class="mw-redirect" title="熏炉">熏爐</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%95%87_(%E5%99%A8%E5%85%B7)" title="镇 (器具)">鎮</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%AA%E9%A6%96" class="mw-redirect" title="鋪首">鋪首</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%94%81" title="锁">锁</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%8C%E9%A3%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牌飾（页面不存在）">牌飾</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E5%8C%85" title="香包">香囊</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%87%88%E9%A0%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="燈頭（页面不存在）">燈頭</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A3%E6%96%97" title="渣斗">渣斗</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%8F%A1" title="鏡">鏡</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> 裝飾工藝：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%85%E9%87%91" title="包金">包金</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B4%E9%87%91" title="贴金">贴金</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%8F%E9%87%91" title="鎏金">鎏金</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%94%99%E9%87%91%E9%93%B6" title="错金银">錯金</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%8A%80%E5%B9%B3%E8%84%AB" title="金銀平脫">金銀平脫</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%8F%E9%87%91" title="描金">描金</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%88%A7%E9%87%91" title="戧金">戧金</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E5%AF%B6%E5%B5%8C" title="百寶嵌">百寶嵌</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> 裝飾紋飾：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B2%E9%9B%B7%E7%B4%8B" title="雲雷紋">雲雷紋</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%BD%E9%9D%A2%E7%BA%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="兽面纹">獸面紋</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A5%95%E9%A4%AE%E7%B4%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="饕餮紋">饕餮紋</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%94%E7%B4%8B" title="夔紋">夔紋</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E7%8F%A0%E7%B4%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="連珠紋">連珠紋</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX526003">西班牙</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb133184606">法国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb133184606">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4157819-3">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007533656105171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85055692">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00565802">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="zlato"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph116778&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300011021">AAT</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=金&oldid=83759084">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=金&oldid=83759084</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%87%91" title="Category:金">金</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="Category:化学元素">化学元素</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%AC%AC6%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="Category:第6周期元素">第6周期元素</a></li><li><a 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