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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ha-ha</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha-ha" title="Ha-ha – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ha-ha" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha-Ha" title="Ha-Ha – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ha-Ha" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahaa" title="Ahaa – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ahaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha-ha" title="Ha-ha – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ha-ha" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha-ha" title="Ha-ha – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ha-ha" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B0%D5%A1" title="Ահա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ահա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha-ha" title="Ha-ha – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ha-ha" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha-ha" title="Ha-ha – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ha-ha" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha-ha" title="Ha-ha – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ha-ha" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha-ha" title="Ha-ha – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ha-ha" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha-ha" title="Ha-ha – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ha-ha" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A1" title="ハハァ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハハァ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aha_(sztuka_ogrodowa)" title="Aha (sztuka ogrodowa) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aha (sztuka ogrodowa)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Аха – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аха" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha-ha_ovira" title="Ha-ha ovira – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ha-ha ovira" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0-%D1%85%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Ха-ха ров – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ха-ха ров" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha-ha" title="Ha-ha – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ha-ha" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha-ha" title="Ha-ha – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ha-ha" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Аха – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аха" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q867269#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> 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print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Haha_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Haha (disambiguation)">Haha</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ha_ha_wall_diagram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Ha_ha_wall_diagram.jpg/220px-Ha_ha_wall_diagram.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Ha_ha_wall_diagram.jpg/330px-Ha_ha_wall_diagram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Ha_ha_wall_diagram.jpg/440px-Ha_ha_wall_diagram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="845" data-file-height="846" /></a><figcaption>Comparison of a ha-ha (top) and a regular wall (bottom). Both walls prevent access, but one does not block the view looking outward.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>ha-ha</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">hâ-hâ</i> or <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">saut de loup</i></span>), also known as a <b>sunk fence</b>, <b>blind fence</b>, <b>ditch and fence</b>, <b>deer wall</b>, or <b>foss</b>, is a recessed landscape design element that creates a vertical barrier (particularly on one side) while preserving an uninterrupted view of the landscape beyond from the other side. The name comes from viewers' surprise when seeing the construction. </p><p>The design can include a <a href="/wiki/Sod" title="Sod">turfed</a> incline that slopes downward to a sharply vertical face (typically a masonry <a href="/wiki/Retaining_wall" title="Retaining wall">retaining wall</a>). Ha-has are used in <a href="/wiki/Landscape_design" title="Landscape design">landscape design</a> to prevent access to a garden by, for example, grazing livestock, without obstructing views. In security design, the element is used to deter vehicular access to a site while minimising visual obstruction. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ha-ha&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ha-ha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Ha-ha.jpg/170px-Ha-ha.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Ha-ha.jpg/255px-Ha-ha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Ha-ha.jpg/340px-Ha-ha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1872" data-file-height="2540" /></a><figcaption>A wall with a <i>ha-ha</i> opening at the <a href="/wiki/Hameau_de_la_Reine" title="Hameau de la Reine">Hameau de la Reine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Versailles</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The name ha-ha is of French origin, and was first used in print in <a href="/wiki/Dezallier_d%27Argenville" title="Dezallier d'Argenville">Dezallier d'Argenville</a>'s 1709 book <i>The Theory and Practice of Gardening</i>, in which he explains that the name derives from the exclamation of surprise that viewers would make on recognising the optical illusion.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Grills of iron are very necessary ornaments in the lines of walks, to extend the view, and to show the country to advantage. At present we frequently make thoroughviews, called <i>Ah, Ah</i>, which are openings in the walls, without grills, to the very level of the walks, with a large and deep ditch at the foot of them, lined on both sides to sustain the earth, and prevent the getting over; which surprises the eye upon coming near it, and makes one laugh, <i>Ha! Ha!</i> from where it takes its name. This sort of opening is, on some occasions, to be preferred, for that it does not at all interrupt the prospect, as the bars of a grill do.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Dezallier_d%27Argenville" title="Dezallier d'Argenville">D. d'Argenville</a> (1709)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The name <i>ha-ha</i> is attested in toponyms in <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> from 1686 (as seen today in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Louis-du-Ha!_Ha!" title="Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha!">Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha!</a>), and is a feature of the gardens of the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Meudon" title="Château de Meudon">Château de Meudon</a>, circa 1700. </p><p>In a letter to Daniel Dering in 1724, <a href="/wiki/John_Perceval,_1st_Earl_of_Egmont" title="John Perceval, 1st Earl of Egmont">John Perceval</a> (grandfather to the prime minister <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Perceval" title="Spencer Perceval">Spencer Perceval</a>), observed of <a href="/wiki/Stowe_House" title="Stowe House">Stowe</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>What adds to the beauty of this garden is, that it is not bounded by walls, but by a ha-hah, which leaves you the sight of the beautiful woody country, and makes you ignorant how far the high planted walks extend.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In the 18th century, they were often called a sunken or sunk fence, at least in formal writing, as by <a href="/wiki/Horace_Walpole" title="Horace Walpole">Horace Walpole</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Mason_(writer)" title="George Mason (writer)">George Mason</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Repton" title="Humphry Repton">Humphry Repton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Walpole also referred to them as Kent-fences, named after William Kent.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Walpole surmised that the name is derived from the response of ordinary folk on encountering them and that they were "then deemed so astonishing, that the common people called them <i>Ha! Has!</i> to express their surprise at finding a sudden and unperceived check to their walk." </p><p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>, describing the <a href="/wiki/Stowe_Gardens" title="Stowe Gardens">garden at Stowe</a> after his visit in April 1786, also uses the term with exclamation marks: "The inclosure is entirely by <i>ha! ha!</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> called it both a "ha haw" and a <a href="/wiki/Deer_enclosure" class="mw-redirect" title="Deer enclosure">"deer wall"</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ha-ha&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scotland-2016-West_Lothian-Hopetoun_House_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Scotland-2016-West_Lothian-Hopetoun_House_02.jpg/220px-Scotland-2016-West_Lothian-Hopetoun_House_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Scotland-2016-West_Lothian-Hopetoun_House_02.jpg/330px-Scotland-2016-West_Lothian-Hopetoun_House_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Scotland-2016-West_Lothian-Hopetoun_House_02.jpg/440px-Scotland-2016-West_Lothian-Hopetoun_House_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6119" data-file-height="4079" /></a><figcaption>Ha-ha protecting the lawn at <a href="/wiki/Hopetoun_House" title="Hopetoun House">Hopetoun House</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Lothian" title="West Lothian">West Lothian</a>, Scotland. Note how the wall disappears from view as it curves away to the left of the photograph</figcaption></figure> <p>Before mechanical lawn mowers, a common way to keep large areas of grassland trimmed was to allow livestock, usually sheep, to graze the grass. A ha-ha prevented grazing animals on large estates from gaining access to the lawn and gardens adjoining the house, giving a continuous vista to create the illusion that the garden and landscape were one and undivided.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The basic design of sunken ditches is of ancient origin, being a feature of <a href="/wiki/Deer_park_(England)" title="Deer park (England)">deer parks</a> first found in <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon England">Anglo-Saxon England</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Salter_(trap)" title="Salter (trap)">deer-leap</a> or <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">saltatorium</i></span> consisted of a ditch with one steep side surmounted by a pale (picket-style fence made of wooden stakes) or hedge, which allowed deer to enter the park but not to leave. Since the time of the <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman conquest of England">Norman conquest of England</a> the right to construct a deer-leap was granted by the king, with reservations made as to the depth of the foss or ditch and the height of the pale or hedge.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On Dartmoor, the deer-leap was known as a "leapyeat".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Britain, the ha-ha is a <a href="/wiki/Garden_feature" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden feature">feature</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Landscape_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Landscape garden">landscape gardens</a> laid out by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bridgeman" title="Charles Bridgeman">Charles Bridgeman</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Kent" title="William Kent">William Kent</a> and was an essential component of the "swept" views of <a href="/wiki/Capability_Brown" title="Capability Brown">Capability Brown</a>. <a href="/wiki/Horace_Walpole" title="Horace Walpole">Horace Walpole</a> credits Bridgeman with the invention of the ha-ha but was unaware of the earlier French origins. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The contiguous ground of the park without the sunk fence was to be harmonized with the lawn within; and the garden in its turn was to be set free from its prim regularity, that it might assort with the wilder country without.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Horace Walpole, <i>Essay upon Modern Gardening</i>, 1780<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>During his excavations at <a href="/wiki/Iona" title="Iona">Iona</a> in the period 1964–1984, Richard Reece discovered an 18th-century ha-ha designed to protect the abbey from cattle.<sup id="cite_ref-Reece_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reece-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ice_house_(building)" title="Ice house (building)">Ice houses</a> were sometimes built into ha-ha walls because they provide a subtle entrance that makes the ice house a less intrusive structure, and the ground provides additional insulation.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ha-ha&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ha-ha_and_south_face_of_Parham_House,_West_Sussex,_England.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Ha-ha_and_south_face_of_Parham_House%2C_West_Sussex%2C_England.jpg/220px-Ha-ha_and_south_face_of_Parham_House%2C_West_Sussex%2C_England.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Ha-ha_and_south_face_of_Parham_House%2C_West_Sussex%2C_England.jpg/330px-Ha-ha_and_south_face_of_Parham_House%2C_West_Sussex%2C_England.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Ha-ha_and_south_face_of_Parham_House%2C_West_Sussex%2C_England.jpg/440px-Ha-ha_and_south_face_of_Parham_House%2C_West_Sussex%2C_England.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Ha-ha and south face of <a href="/wiki/Parham_Park" title="Parham Park">Parham Park</a>, West Sussex, England</figcaption></figure> <p>Most typically, ha-has are still found in the grounds of grand country houses and estates. They keep cattle and sheep out of the formal gardens, without the need for obtrusive fencing. They vary in depth from about 0.6 m (2 ft) (<a href="/wiki/Horton,_Northamptonshire#Horton_House_estate" title="Horton, Northamptonshire">Horton House</a>) to 2.7 m (9 ft) (<a href="/wiki/Petworth_House" title="Petworth House">Petworth House</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Beningbrough_Hall" title="Beningbrough Hall">Beningbrough Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a> is separated from its extensive grounds by a ha-ha to prevent sheep and cattle from entering the Hall's gardens or the Hall itself.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An unusually long example is the ha-ha that separates the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery_Barracks" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Artillery Barracks">Royal Artillery Barracks</a> Field from <a href="/wiki/Woolwich_Common" title="Woolwich Common">Woolwich Common</a> in southeast <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. This deep ha-ha was installed around 1774 to prevent sheep and cattle, grazing at a stopover on Woolwich Common on their journey to the London meat markets, from wandering onto the Royal Artillery gunnery range. A rare feature of this east-west ha-ha is that the normally hidden brick wall emerges above ground for its final 75 yards (70 metres) or so as the land falls away to the west, revealing a fine <a href="/wiki/Batter_(walls)" title="Batter (walls)">batter</a> to the brickwork face of the wall, thus exposed. This final west section of the ha-ha forms the boundary of the Gatehouse<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/James_Wyatt" title="James Wyatt">James Wyatt</a> RA. The Royal Artillery ha-ha is maintained in a good state of preservation by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/Listed_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Listed Building">Listed Building</a>, and is accompanied by Ha-Ha Road that runs alongside its full length. There is a shorter ha-ha in the grounds of the nearby <a href="/wiki/Jacobean_architecture" title="Jacobean architecture">Jacobean</a> <a href="/wiki/Charlton_House" title="Charlton House">Charlton House</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Crescent" title="Royal Crescent">Royal Crescent</a> row of 30 <a href="/wiki/Terraced_houses" class="mw-redirect" title="Terraced houses">terraced houses</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath, Somerset</a>, which were built between 1767 and 1774 in the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian architecture</a> style, also feature a large ha-ha that provides an uninterrupted view of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Victoria_Park,_Bath" title="Royal Victoria Park, Bath">Royal Victoria Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Australia, ha-has were also used at Victorian-era lunatic asylums such as <a href="/wiki/Yarra_Bend_Asylum" title="Yarra Bend Asylum">Yarra Bend Asylum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beechworth_Asylum" title="Beechworth Asylum">Beechworth Asylum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kew_Asylum" title="Kew Asylum">Kew Lunatic Asylum</a> in Victoria, and the <a href="/wiki/Glenside_Hospital_(Adelaide)" title="Glenside Hospital (Adelaide)">Parkside Lunatic Asylum</a> in South Australia. From the inside, the walls presented a tall face to patients, preventing them from escaping, while from outside they looked low so as not to suggest imprisonment.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the patients themselves, standing before the trench, it also enabled them to see the wider landscape.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kew_Asylum" title="Kew Asylum">Kew Asylum</a> has been redeveloped as apartments; however some of the ha-has remain, albeit partially filled in. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Ha-ha variations used at Australian mental asylums</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beechworth_Ha_Ha_from_outside.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Remains of the original ha-ha wall at Beechworth Asylum from the "outside" of the original asylum boundary"><img alt="Remains of the original ha-ha wall at Beechworth Asylum from the "outside" of the original asylum boundary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Beechworth_Ha_Ha_from_outside.JPG/240px-Beechworth_Ha_Ha_from_outside.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Beechworth_Ha_Ha_from_outside.JPG/360px-Beechworth_Ha_Ha_from_outside.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Beechworth_Ha_Ha_from_outside.JPG/480px-Beechworth_Ha_Ha_from_outside.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Remains of the original ha-ha wall at Beechworth Asylum from the "outside" of the original asylum boundary</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beechworth_ha-ha_inside_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="From the inside, the ha-ha was a barrier to passage"><img alt="From the inside, the ha-ha was a barrier to passage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Beechworth_ha-ha_inside_2.JPG/135px-Beechworth_ha-ha_inside_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Beechworth_ha-ha_inside_2.JPG/202px-Beechworth_ha-ha_inside_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Beechworth_ha-ha_inside_2.JPG/270px-Beechworth_ha-ha_inside_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="3968" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">From the inside, the ha-ha was a barrier to passage</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 246px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 244px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beechworth_ha-ha_inside_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="End view at the beginning of the remains of the ha-ha at Beechworth Asylum, showing the sloping trench"><img alt="End view at the beginning of the remains of the ha-ha at Beechworth Asylum, showing the sloping trench" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Beechworth_ha-ha_inside_1.JPG/366px-Beechworth_ha-ha_inside_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="244" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Beechworth_ha-ha_inside_1.JPG/549px-Beechworth_ha-ha_inside_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Beechworth_ha-ha_inside_1.JPG/731px-Beechworth_ha-ha_inside_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2664" data-file-height="1312" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">End view at the beginning of the remains of the ha-ha at Beechworth Asylum, showing the sloping trench</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yarrabendhaha.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An example of the ha-ha variation used at Yarra Bend Asylum in Victoria, Australia, circa 1900"><img alt="An example of the ha-ha variation used at Yarra Bend Asylum in Victoria, Australia, circa 1900" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Yarrabendhaha.jpg/301px-Yarrabendhaha.jpg" decoding="async" width="201" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Yarrabendhaha.jpg/452px-Yarrabendhaha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Yarrabendhaha.jpg/603px-Yarrabendhaha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1007" data-file-height="602" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An example of the ha-ha variation used at <a href="/wiki/Yarra_Bend_Asylum" title="Yarra Bend Asylum">Yarra Bend Asylum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria, Australia">Victoria, Australia</a>, circa 1900</div> </li> </ul> <p>Ha-has were also used in North America. Only two historic installations remain in Canada, one of which is on the grounds of Nova Scotia's Uniacke House (1813), a rural estate built by <a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Uniacke" title="Richard John Uniacke">Richard John Uniacke</a>, an Irish-born Attorney-General of Nova Scotia.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon" title="Mount Vernon">Mount Vernon</a>, the plantation of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>, incorporates ha-haws on its <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon#Grounds" title="Mount Vernon">grounds</a> as part of the landscaping for the mansion built by George Washington’s father, Augustine Washington.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A later American president, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>, "built a ha-ha at the southern end of the South Lawn [of the White House], which was an eight-foot wall with a sunken ditch meant to keep the livestock from grazing in his garden."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buildings_in_Washington,_D.C._01907.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Buildings_in_Washington%2C_D.C._01907.JPG/170px-Buildings_in_Washington%2C_D.C._01907.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Buildings_in_Washington%2C_D.C._01907.JPG/255px-Buildings_in_Washington%2C_D.C._01907.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Buildings_in_Washington%2C_D.C._01907.JPG/340px-Buildings_in_Washington%2C_D.C._01907.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a> is protected by a low ha-ha wall</figcaption></figure> <p>A 21st-century use of a ha-ha is at the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a> to minimise the visual impact of security measures. After <a href="/wiki/September_11,_2001_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11, 2001 attacks">9/11</a> and another unrelated terror threat at the monument, authorities had put up <a href="/wiki/Jersey_barrier" title="Jersey barrier">jersey barriers</a> to prevent large motor vehicles from approaching the monument. The temporary barriers were later replaced with a new ha-ha, a low 0.76 m (30-inch) granite stone wall that incorporated lighting and doubled as a seating bench. It received the 2005 Park/Landscape Award of Merit.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_fiction">In fiction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ha-ha&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In Jane Austen's <i><a href="/wiki/Mansfield_Park" title="Mansfield Park">Mansfield Park</a> (1814),</i> a ha-ha prevents the more sensible characters from getting around a locked gate and into the woodland beyond.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In Anthony Trollope's <i><a href="/wiki/Barchester_Towers" title="Barchester Towers">Barchester Towers</a></i> (1857), a ha-ha marks the social divisions in Miss Thorne's <i>fête champêtre</i>: "Two marquees had been erected for these two banquets: that for the quality on the esoteric or garden side of a certain deep ha-ha; and that for the non-quality on the exoteric or paddock side of the same."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/J.J._Connington" class="mw-redirect" title="J.J. Connington">J.J. Connington</a>'s 's 1934 <a href="/wiki/Detective_novel" class="mw-redirect" title="Detective novel">detective novel</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ha-Ha_Case" title="The Ha-Ha Case">The Ha-Ha Case</a></i> a murder is committed in a ha-ha during a <a href="/wiki/Shooting_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting party">shooting party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Terry_Pratchett" title="Terry Pratchett">Terry Pratchett</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Men_at_Arms" title="Men at Arms">Men at Arms</a></i>, the grounds of the Patrician's Palace, created by the infamous Bloody Stupid Johnson, includes a ho-ho, which is described as like a ha-ha only much deeper. In the later book <i><a href="/wiki/Snuff_(Pratchett_novel)" title="Snuff (Pratchett novel)">Snuff</a></i> the grounds of the Ramkins' county estate have a both a ho-ho <i>and</i> a ha-ha, as well as a he-he and a ho-hum, implied to be much shallower.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal">Legal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ha-ha&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_injury">Personal injury</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ha-ha&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personal injury"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the hidden nature of ha-has, they can pose potential injury to the public (especially considering their initial designs were to be invisible). </p> <ul><li>In 2008, during a nighttime guided walk to watch bats at <a href="/wiki/Hopetoun_House" title="Hopetoun House">Hopetoun House</a> (Scotland), a participant of the walk attempting to make his way back to the carpark fell off a ha-ha wall, and suffered a severe fracture to the ankle. A successful personal injury claim of £35,000 was settled upon, as the judge presiding the case deemed the ha-ha to be a dangerous man-made feature, and thus it was up to the groundskeepers to highlight the invisible danger that it presented.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The presiding QC judge, <a href="/wiki/Alastair_Campbell,_Lord_Bracadale" title="Alastair Campbell, Lord Bracadale">Alastair Campbell</a>, deemed a ha-ha wall to be outside the scope of the law regarding obvious dangers, such as cliffs or canals, where an occupier is not required to take precautions against a person being injured. This was due to its being an unusual man-made feature that the public would be very much unaware of, especially across a wide lawn.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2014, a wedding guest at a British manor house fell off a ha-ha while making her way across the manor garden, displacing her right <a href="/wiki/Tibia" title="Tibia">tibia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fibula" title="Fibula">fibula</a> bones. She brought a successful personal injury claim that was investigated by the environmental health department, which agreed that the area should have been lit in some way to avoid this kind of accident.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The defendants in the litigation case were quick to admit liability for the incident, and settled for about £10,000. This was followed by radical changes to the signposting and lighting around the ha-ha to alert visitors of its presence.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preventive_repairs">Preventive repairs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ha-ha&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Preventive repairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Emergency repairs to the ha-ha wall at Sunbury Park in <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Spelthorne" title="Borough of Spelthorne">Spelthorne</a> (England) took place in 2009, after the council realised that they would be liable for any injury or death caused by the ha-ha wall. Surrounding vegetation was removed two years before the works opened up the ha-ha to the public. However environmental services were made aware that the ha-ha was in a state of disrepair, and without appropriate warning signs. The total cost of repairs was thought to be around £65,000; environmental services contributed £9,000, and the rest of the funds was taken from capital funds.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2016, the ha-ha wall in <a href="/wiki/Dalzell_House" title="Dalzell House">Dalzell</a> estate (Scotland) was repaired after it became unsafe due to a collapse of the stonework. The council's Environmental Services Committee were concerned about potential liability and personal injury claims and enlisted the help of volunteers and staff from a local charity to repair the ha-ha wall within the estate. The repair project received funding from the environmental key fund and the heritage lottery fund via the Clyde and Avon Valley Landscape Partnership.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ha-ha&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/haha" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:haha">haha</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ha-has" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ha-has">Ha-has</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Cattle guard">Cattle guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinity_pool" title="Infinity pool">Infinity pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moat" title="Moat">Moat</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ha-ha&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200524173449/https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/features/what-is-a-ha-ha">"What is a ha-ha?"</a>. <i>National Trust</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/features/what-is-a-ha-ha">the original</a> on 24 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Trust&rft.atitle=What+is+a+ha-ha%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationaltrust.org.uk%2Ffeatures%2Fwhat-is-a-ha-ha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHa-ha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFd'_Harmonville1842" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">d' Harmonville, A.-L. (1842). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vWRfWF_ZmQQC&q=Ah%21+Ah%21&pg=PA65"><i>Dictionnaire des dates, des faits, des lieux, et des hommes historiques: Ou, les tables de l'histoire, répertoire alphabétique de chronologie universelle ...</i></a> [<i>Dictionary of Historical Dates, Facts, Places, and Men: Or, the tables of history, alphabetical directory of universal chronology</i>] (in French). A. 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_garden_features" title="List of garden features">Garden features</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_waterfall" title="Artificial waterfall">Artificial waterfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_(landscape)" title="Avenue (landscape)">Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviary" title="Aviary">Aviary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borrowed_scenery" title="Borrowed scenery">Borrowed scenery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosquet" title="Bosquet">Bosquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belvedere_(structure)" title="Belvedere (structure)">Belvedere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_waterfalls" class="mw-redirect" title="Fan waterfalls">Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deck_(building)" title="Deck (building)">Deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exedra" title="Exedra">Exedra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folly" 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