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<li id="toc-1000s–1200s_(first_keyed_instruments)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1000s–1200s_(first_keyed_instruments)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1000s–1200s (first keyed instruments)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1000s–1200s_(first_keyed_instruments)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1300s–1500s_(first_keyed_vielles)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1300s–1500s_(first_keyed_vielles)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1300s–1500s (first keyed vielles)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1300s–1500s_(first_keyed_vielles)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1600s–1800s_(early_modern_period)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1600s–1800s_(early_modern_period)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1600s–1800s (early modern period)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1600s–1800s_(early_modern_period)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1900s–onward_(modern_period)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1900s–onward_(modern_period)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>1900s–onward (modern period)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1900s–onward_(modern_period)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reconstructional_archaeology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reconstructional_archaeology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Reconstructional archaeology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reconstructional_archaeology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Technique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Variants_with_resonance_strings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants_with_resonance_strings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Variants with resonance strings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants_with_resonance_strings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants_without_resonance_strings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants_without_resonance_strings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Variants without resonance strings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants_without_resonance_strings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Derivatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derivatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Derivatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Derivatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > 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<input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Никелхарпа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Никелхарпа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyckelharpa" title="Nyckelharpa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nyckelharpa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B8gleharpe" title="Nøgleharpe – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nøgleharpe" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyckelharpa" title="Nyckelharpa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nyckelharpa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyckelharpa" title="Nyckelharpa – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nyckelharpa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyckelharpa" title="Nyckelharpa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nyckelharpa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyckelharpa" title="Nyckelharpa – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nyckelharpa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%BC%88%ED%95%98%EB%A5%B4%ED%8C%8C" title="니켈하르파 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="니켈하르파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyckelharpa" title="Nyckelharpa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nyckelharpa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%94" title="נייקלהרפה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נייקלהרפה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schl%C3%ABsselharf" title="Schlësselharf – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Schlësselharf" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyckelharpa" title="Nyckelharpa – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyckelharpa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyckelharpa" title="Nyckelharpa – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nyckelharpa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%83%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AB%E3%83%91" title="ニッケルハルパ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニッケルハルパ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B8kkelharpe" title="Nøkkelharpe – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nøkkelharpe" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyckelharpa" title="Nyckelharpa – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nyckelharpa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyckelharpa" title="Nyckelharpa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nyckelharpa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyckelharpa" title="Nyckelharpa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nyckelharpa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyckelharpa" title="Nyckelharpa – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nyckelharpa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Никельхарпа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Никельхарпа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avainviulu" title="Avainviulu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Avainviulu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyckelharpa" title="Nyckelharpa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nyckelharpa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0sve%C3%A7_arp%C4%B1" title="İsveç arpı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İsveç arpı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Нікельхарпа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нікельхарпа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harpe_%C3%A5s_toutches" title="Harpe ås toutches – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Harpe ås toutches" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q182718#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nyckelharpa" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Nyckelharpa" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Traditional Swedish musical instrument</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Nyckelharpa</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nyckelharpa_0930_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Nyckelharpa_0930_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Nyckelharpa_0930_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Nyckelharpa_0930_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-Nyckelharpa_0930_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Nyckelharpa_0930_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Nyckelharpa_0930_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5350" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Nyckelharpa being played</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #b0c4de"><a href="/wiki/String_instrument" title="String instrument">String instrument</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><i>key harp</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: <i lang="da">nøgleharpe</i> ("key harp")<br /><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>: <i lang="fi">avainviulu</i> ("key violin")<br />German: <i lang="de">Schlüsselfidel</i> ("key vielle")<br /><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">viola a chiavi</i> ("keyed viola")<br /><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">viola de teclas</i> ("keyed violin")</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument_classification" title="Musical instrument classification">Classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bowed_string_instrument" title="Bowed string instrument">Bowed string instrument</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hornbostel%E2%80%93Sachs" title="Hornbostel–Sachs">Hornbostel–Sachs classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">321.322–71</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inventor(s)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Folk_instrument" title="Folk instrument">Folk instrument</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developed</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">12th century</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #b0c4de"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Related instruments</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hurdy-gurdy" title="Hurdy-gurdy">Hurdy-gurdy</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #eee; font-size: 125%;"><div style="font-size:80%;">Nyckelharpa network, an innovative dissemination of a music and instrument-building tradition with roots in Sweden</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><b><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/01976">01976</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Template:UNESCO_Representative_List_of_the_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_of_Humanity/ENA" title="Template:UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity/ENA">Europe and North America</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee; font-size:110%;">Inscription history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">2023 (18th session)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">List</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Good Safeguarding Practices</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nyckelharpa</b>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> for 'key-harp<sup>(<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr>)</sup>', meaning roughly "keyed fiddle" (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Swedish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sv-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swedish" title="Help:IPA/Swedish">[ˈnʏ̂kːɛlˌharːpa]</a></span>, plural <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">nyckelharpor</i></span>, compare <a href="/wiki/Tagelharpa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagelharpa">tagelharpa</a>), is a "keyed" <a href="/wiki/Bowed_string_instrument" title="Bowed string instrument">bowed chordophone</a>, primarily originating from Sweden in its modern form, but with its roots in medieval Europe. It is similar in appearance to a <a href="/wiki/Fiddle" title="Fiddle">fiddle</a> or <a href="/wiki/Violin_family" title="Violin family">violin</a> but larger (in its earlier forms essentially a modified <a href="/wiki/Vielle" title="Vielle">vielle</a>), which employs key-actuated tangents along the neck to change the pitch during play, much like a <a href="/wiki/Hurdy-gurdy" title="Hurdy-gurdy">hurdy-gurdy</a>. The keys slide under the strings, with the tangents set perpendicularly to the keys, reaching above the strings. Upon key-actuation, the tangent is pressed to meet the corresponding string, much like a <a href="/wiki/Fret" title="Fret">fret</a>, shortening its vibrating length to that point, changing the pitch of the string.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyckelharpa.org/about_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyckelharpa.org/about-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is primarily played underarm, suspended from the shoulder using a <a href="/wiki/Sling_(firearms)" title="Sling (firearms)">sling</a>, with the bow in the overhanging arm. </p><p>The origin of the instrument is unknown, but its historical foothold and modern development is much larger in Sweden than other countries. Many of the early historical depictions of the instrument are found in Sweden, the earliest possibly depiction found on a relief located on a 14th century church portal. While historically not too common an instrument in Sweden (relatively speaking), the violin outshining it in usage among <a href="/wiki/Spelman_(music)" title="Spelman (music)">spelmän</a> (players of <a href="/wiki/Swedish_folk_music" title="Swedish folk music">Swedish folk music</a>), the nyckelharpa became a popular <a href="/wiki/Folk_instrument" title="Folk instrument">folk instrument</a> in the Swedish province of <a href="/wiki/Uppland" title="Uppland">Uppland</a> during the 17th century, subsequently leading to its popularization and spread throughout Sweden the following centuries. By the 19th century it had become a "fine" instrument, being played at concerts in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Motion_2001/02:Kr353_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Motion_2001/02:Kr353-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by the early 20th century it had become an archetypal instrument alongside the violin for Swedish folk music. Today it is considered by many to be the quintessential national instrument of Sweden.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oldest surviving nyckelharpa is dated 1526 and is part of the <a href="/wiki/Zorn_Collections" title="Zorn Collections">Zorn Collections</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mora_Municipality,_Sweden" title="Mora Municipality, Sweden">Mora Municipality, Sweden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Motion_2001/02:Kr353_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Motion_2001/02:Kr353-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Besides Sweden, early depictions of nyckelharpor can also be found in Denmark, Germany and Italy, among other European countries. The earliest of these is found in a 1408 <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">fresco</a> by <a href="/wiki/Taddeo_di_Bartolo" title="Taddeo di Bartolo">Taddeo di Bartolo</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Pubblico" title="Palazzo Pubblico">Palazzo Pubblico</a> chapel in <a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a>, Italy, which depicts an angel playing a "keyed viola". Recently there has been a push by <a href="/wiki/Luthier" title="Luthier">luthiers</a> and the like to make recreations of these older depictions of nyckelharpor, akin to <a href="/wiki/Reconstructional_archaeology" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstructional archaeology">reconstructional archaeology</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Siena-Harpa_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siena-Harpa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but also new instruments based on the nyckelharpa concept of a keyed bow instrument.<sup id="cite_ref-Viola_d'amore_a_chiavi_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Viola_d'amore_a_chiavi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyckelharpa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1000s–1200s_(first_keyed_instruments)"><span id="1000s.E2.80.931200s_.28first_keyed_instruments.29"></span>1000s–1200s (first keyed instruments)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyckelharpa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1000s–1200s (first keyed instruments)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Organistrumsantiago20060414_(cropped_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Organistrumsantiago20060414_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/220px-Organistrumsantiago20060414_%28cropped_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Organistrumsantiago20060414_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/330px-Organistrumsantiago20060414_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Organistrumsantiago20060414_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Stone relief of an <a href="/wiki/Organistrum" title="Organistrum">organistrum</a>, one of the first keyed string instruments</figcaption></figure> <p>Development of keyed string instruments appears to have started during the <a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a>, with instruments such as the duo-played <a href="/wiki/Organistrum" title="Organistrum">organistrum</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Hurdy-gurdy" title="Hurdy-gurdy">hurdy-gurdy</a>), starting in the late 900s or early 1000s. Such were popular in Southwestern Europe and eventually evolved into the solo-played "<a href="/wiki/Symphonia" title="Symphonia">symphonia</a>"-hurdy-gurdy in France or Spain in the 1200s, featuring <a href="/wiki/Diatonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Diatonic">diatonic</a> tangents. Somewhere along the line, it appears the keyed section of a "hurdy-gurdy" was integrated onto a <a href="/wiki/Bowed_string_instrument" title="Bowed string instrument">bowed string instrument</a>, producing the first keyed fiddle or proto-nyckelharpa instrument. It is unclear where the instrument first appeared, but the spread of hurdy-gurdy and bowed string instruments in Europe during the later Middle Ages makes it possible that the instrument was invented independently by several people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1300s–1500s_(first_keyed_vielles)"><span id="1300s.E2.80.931500s_.28first_keyed_vielles.29"></span>1300s–1500s (first keyed vielles)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyckelharpa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1300s–1500s (first keyed vielles)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detalle_de_capitel_da_igrexa_de_K%C3%A4llunge_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Detalle_de_capitel_da_igrexa_de_K%C3%A4llunge_1.jpg/220px-Detalle_de_capitel_da_igrexa_de_K%C3%A4llunge_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Detalle_de_capitel_da_igrexa_de_K%C3%A4llunge_1.jpg/330px-Detalle_de_capitel_da_igrexa_de_K%C3%A4llunge_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Detalle_de_capitel_da_igrexa_de_K%C3%A4llunge_1.jpg/440px-Detalle_de_capitel_da_igrexa_de_K%C3%A4llunge_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption>Portal relief possibly depicting nyckelharpa players, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1350</span>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4llunge_Church" title="Källunge Church">Källunge Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gotland" title="Gotland">Gotland</a>, Sweden.</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest possible depiction of nyckelharpor known, or rather "keyed <a href="/wiki/Vielle" title="Vielle">vielles</a>" by appearance, can be found in a relief on one of the portals to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4llunge_Church" title="Källunge Church">Källunge Church</a>, located on the Swedish island of <a href="/wiki/Gotland" title="Gotland">Gotland</a>. Dating from circa 1350, it depicts two musicians with bow stringed instruments suspiciously looking like nyckelharpor, appearing to have keyboxes (a cover above the strings) like a hurdy-gurdy. The relief is however <a href="/wiki/Eroded" class="mw-redirect" title="Eroded">eroded</a> and damaged from time, making it hard to confirm them as nyckelharpor.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-World_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Viola_a_chiavi_Siena_1408.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Viola_a_chiavi_Siena_1408.jpg/220px-Viola_a_chiavi_Siena_1408.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Viola_a_chiavi_Siena_1408.jpg/330px-Viola_a_chiavi_Siena_1408.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Viola_a_chiavi_Siena_1408.jpg/440px-Viola_a_chiavi_Siena_1408.jpg 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="616" /></a><figcaption>Angel with <i>viola a chiavi</i> ('keys'), Cappellina di <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Pubblico" title="Palazzo Pubblico">Palazzo Pubblico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a>, Italy. Fresco by <a href="/wiki/Taddeo_di_Bartolo" title="Taddeo di Bartolo">Taddeo di Bartolo</a>, 1408.</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest confirmed depiction of a nyckelharpa appears in an Italian church painting found in <a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a>, Italy, dating to 1408. It depicts an angel playing a <a href="/wiki/Vielle" title="Vielle">vielle</a>-looking nyckelharpa (a common nyckelharpa motif for the period), featuring five keyes and a keybox above the strings. </p><p>Throughout the 15th century, more depictions of nyckelharpor start appearing in church paintings, notably in Swedish and Danish churches, such as the <a href="/wiki/Emmisl%C3%B6v_Church" title="Emmislöv Church">Emmislöv Church</a>, which has a painting of a nyckelharpa musician dating to 1450–1475.<sup id="cite_ref-history_per-ulf_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_per-ulf-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others include the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tolfta_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tolfta Church (page does not exist)">Tolfta Church</a> in Sweden, which has two paintings of angels playing nyckelharpa, dating to <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1460–1525</span>. Interestingly, most, if not all, Swedish nyckelharpa depictions on church paintings, lack keyboxes.<sup id="cite_ref-history_per-ulf_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_per-ulf-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early Danish nyckelharpa depictions, such as the ones found in the Rynkeby Church, dated to ca. 1560, all feature keyboxes.<sup id="cite_ref-history_per-ulf_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_per-ulf-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sweden_tolfta_church_angels_with_nyckelharpa_(cropped_1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Angel with nyckelharpa, fresco in the church at Tolfa, Tierp Municipality, Uppland, Sweden. Unknown painter, 1503."><img alt="Angel with nyckelharpa, fresco in the church at Tolfa, Tierp Municipality, Uppland, Sweden. Unknown painter, 1503." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Sweden_tolfta_church_angels_with_nyckelharpa_%28cropped_1%29.jpg/150px-Sweden_tolfta_church_angels_with_nyckelharpa_%28cropped_1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Sweden_tolfta_church_angels_with_nyckelharpa_%28cropped_1%29.jpg/225px-Sweden_tolfta_church_angels_with_nyckelharpa_%28cropped_1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Sweden_tolfta_church_angels_with_nyckelharpa_%28cropped_1%29.jpg/300px-Sweden_tolfta_church_angels_with_nyckelharpa_%28cropped_1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1748" data-file-height="1363" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Angel with nyckelharpa, fresco in the church at Tolfa, <a href="/wiki/Tierp_Municipality" title="Tierp Municipality">Tierp Municipality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uppland" title="Uppland">Uppland</a>, Sweden. Unknown painter, 1503.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sweden_tolfta_church_angels_with_nyckelharpa_(cropped_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Angel with nyckelharpa, fresco in the church at Tolfa, Tierp Municipality, Uppland, Sweden. Unknown painter, 1503."><img alt="Angel with nyckelharpa, fresco in the church at Tolfa, Tierp Municipality, Uppland, Sweden. Unknown painter, 1503." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Sweden_tolfta_church_angels_with_nyckelharpa_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/142px-Sweden_tolfta_church_angels_with_nyckelharpa_%28cropped_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Sweden_tolfta_church_angels_with_nyckelharpa_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/213px-Sweden_tolfta_church_angels_with_nyckelharpa_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Sweden_tolfta_church_angels_with_nyckelharpa_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/284px-Sweden_tolfta_church_angels_with_nyckelharpa_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1748" data-file-height="1479" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Angel with nyckelharpa, fresco in the church at Tolfa, <a href="/wiki/Tierp_Municipality" title="Tierp Municipality">Tierp Municipality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uppland" title="Uppland">Uppland</a>, Sweden. Unknown painter, 1503.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rynkeby_Kirche_S%C3%BCdzwickel_NyckelharpaH1a_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Angel with nyckelharpa, fresco in the Rynkeby church, Denmark. Unknown painter, ca. 1560."><img alt="Angel with nyckelharpa, fresco in the Rynkeby church, Denmark. Unknown painter, ca. 1560." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Rynkeby_Kirche_S%C3%BCdzwickel_NyckelharpaH1a_%28cropped%29.jpg/148px-Rynkeby_Kirche_S%C3%BCdzwickel_NyckelharpaH1a_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Rynkeby_Kirche_S%C3%BCdzwickel_NyckelharpaH1a_%28cropped%29.jpg/222px-Rynkeby_Kirche_S%C3%BCdzwickel_NyckelharpaH1a_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Rynkeby_Kirche_S%C3%BCdzwickel_NyckelharpaH1a_%28cropped%29.jpg/297px-Rynkeby_Kirche_S%C3%BCdzwickel_NyckelharpaH1a_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Angel with nyckelharpa, fresco in the Rynkeby church, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>. Unknown painter, ca. 1560.</div> </li> </ul> <p>The earliest known recorded name for nyckelharpor can be found in an early German music dictionary (German: <i lang="de">Musiklexikon</i>) by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Agricola" title="Martin Agricola">Martin Agricola</a>, dating to 1529. There it is called a <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Schlüsselfidel</i></span> ("key vielle").<sup id="cite_ref-history_per-ulf_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_per-ulf-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The corresponding image features a keybox on the instrument.<sup id="cite_ref-history_per-ulf_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_per-ulf-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1600s–1800s_(early_modern_period)"><span id="1600s.E2.80.931800s_.28early_modern_period.29"></span>1600s–1800s (early modern period)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyckelharpa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1600s–1800s (early modern period)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Strohfiddel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Strohfiddel.jpg/170px-Strohfiddel.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Strohfiddel.jpg/255px-Strohfiddel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Strohfiddel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>Schlüsselfidel (lower right) shown in <a href="/wiki/Michael_Praetorius" title="Michael Praetorius">Michael Praetorius</a>' <i>Syntagma Musicum</i>, 1619</figcaption></figure> <p>The german term, <i>Schlüsselfidel</i>, is mentioned in <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Theatrum Instrumentorum</i></span>, a famous work written in 1620 by the German organist <a href="/wiki/Michael_Praetorius" title="Michael Praetorius">Michael Praetorius</a> (1571–1621). At this time the nyckelharpa was not too common of an instrument in Sweden, the violin outshining it in <a href="/wiki/Swedish_folk_music" title="Swedish folk music">Swedish folk music</a> use. </p><p>Starting from the early 17th century, however, the nyckelharpa got a foothold as a popular <a href="/wiki/Folk_instrument" title="Folk instrument">folk instrument</a> among <a href="/wiki/Spelman_(music)" title="Spelman (music)">spelmän</a> (players of <a href="/wiki/Swedish_folk_music" title="Swedish folk music">Swedish folk music</a>) in the Swedish province of <a href="/wiki/Uppland" title="Uppland">Uppland</a>, which came to be the stronghold for nyckelharpa music the following centuries, including musicians like <a href="/w/index.php?title=Byss-Calle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Byss-Calle (page does not exist)">Byss-Calle</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byss-Calle" class="extiw" title="sv:Byss-Calle">sv</a>]</span> (Carl Ersson Bössa, 1783–1847) from <a href="/wiki/%C3%84lvkarleby" title="Älvkarleby">Älvkarleby</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-World_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From Uppland, the popularization of the instrument spread to the neighbouring provinces and eventually throughout Sweden. By the 19th century it had become a "fine" instrument which came to be played at concerts in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Motion_2001/02:Kr353_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Motion_2001/02:Kr353-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spelande_b%C3%B6nder.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The folk life painting Spelande bönder (playing farmers), by JJ Malmberg, 1863, depicting a farmer with a nyckelharpa"><img alt="The folk life painting Spelande bönder (playing farmers), by JJ Malmberg, 1863, depicting a farmer with a nyckelharpa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Spelande_b%C3%B6nder.png/150px-Spelande_b%C3%B6nder.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Spelande_b%C3%B6nder.png/225px-Spelande_b%C3%B6nder.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Spelande_b%C3%B6nder.png/300px-Spelande_b%C3%B6nder.png 2x" data-file-width="1043" data-file-height="1235" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The folk life painting <i>Spelande bönder</i> (playing farmers), by JJ Malmberg, 1863, depicting a farmer with a nyckelharpa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Interi%C3%B6r_med_nyckelharpsspelman_och_barn,_beskuren.png" class="mw-file-description" title="A folk life painting by JJ Malmberg from 1964, depicting a spelman with a nyckelharpa"><img alt="A folk life painting by JJ Malmberg from 1964, depicting a spelman with a nyckelharpa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Interi%C3%B6r_med_nyckelharpsspelman_och_barn%2C_beskuren.png/150px-Interi%C3%B6r_med_nyckelharpsspelman_och_barn%2C_beskuren.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Interi%C3%B6r_med_nyckelharpsspelman_och_barn%2C_beskuren.png/225px-Interi%C3%B6r_med_nyckelharpsspelman_och_barn%2C_beskuren.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Interi%C3%B6r_med_nyckelharpsspelman_och_barn%2C_beskuren.png/300px-Interi%C3%B6r_med_nyckelharpsspelman_och_barn%2C_beskuren.png 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="537" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A folk life painting by JJ Malmberg from 1964, depicting a <a href="/wiki/Spelman_(music)" title="Spelman (music)">spelman</a> with a nyckelharpa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Johan_Edlund_-_SMV_-_Jan_Lings_arkiv_Vol_3_053_(cropped).tif" class="mw-file-description" title="Nyckelharpist Johan Edlund (1829–1903), with a kontrabasharpa"><img alt="Nyckelharpist Johan Edlund (1829–1903), with a kontrabasharpa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Johan_Edlund_-_SMV_-_Jan_Lings_arkiv_Vol_3_053_%28cropped%29.tif/lossy-page1-123px-Johan_Edlund_-_SMV_-_Jan_Lings_arkiv_Vol_3_053_%28cropped%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Johan_Edlund_-_SMV_-_Jan_Lings_arkiv_Vol_3_053_%28cropped%29.tif/lossy-page1-185px-Johan_Edlund_-_SMV_-_Jan_Lings_arkiv_Vol_3_053_%28cropped%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Johan_Edlund_-_SMV_-_Jan_Lings_arkiv_Vol_3_053_%28cropped%29.tif/lossy-page1-247px-Johan_Edlund_-_SMV_-_Jan_Lings_arkiv_Vol_3_053_%28cropped%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1960" data-file-height="2860" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nyckelharpist Johan Edlund (1829–1903), with a <i>kontrabasharpa</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spelman_p%C3%A5_nyckelharpa_Carl_%C3%96sterberg_(Salmakarkalle)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spelman with nyckelharpa around the turn of the century, 1900"><img alt="Spelman with nyckelharpa around the turn of the century, 1900" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Spelman_p%C3%A5_nyckelharpa_Carl_%C3%96sterberg_%28Salmakarkalle%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/146px-Spelman_p%C3%A5_nyckelharpa_Carl_%C3%96sterberg_%28Salmakarkalle%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Spelman_p%C3%A5_nyckelharpa_Carl_%C3%96sterberg_%28Salmakarkalle%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Spelman_p%C3%A5_nyckelharpa_Carl_%C3%96sterberg_%28Salmakarkalle%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Spelman_p%C3%A5_nyckelharpa_Carl_%C3%96sterberg_%28Salmakarkalle%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/293px-Spelman_p%C3%A5_nyckelharpa_Carl_%C3%96sterberg_%28Salmakarkalle%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="525" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Spelman_(music)" title="Spelman (music)">Spelman</a> with nyckelharpa around the turn of the century, 1900</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1900s–onward_(modern_period)"><span id="1900s.E2.80.93onward_.28modern_period.29"></span>1900s–onward (modern period)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyckelharpa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1900s–onward (modern period)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kromatisk_nyckelharpa_-_SMV_-_X5662_01_01_01_(cropped,_rotated_90%C2%B0).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Kromatisk_nyckelharpa_-_SMV_-_X5662_01_01_01_%28cropped%2C_rotated_90%C2%B0%29.tif/lossy-page1-300px-Kromatisk_nyckelharpa_-_SMV_-_X5662_01_01_01_%28cropped%2C_rotated_90%C2%B0%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Kromatisk_nyckelharpa_-_SMV_-_X5662_01_01_01_%28cropped%2C_rotated_90%C2%B0%29.tif/lossy-page1-450px-Kromatisk_nyckelharpa_-_SMV_-_X5662_01_01_01_%28cropped%2C_rotated_90%C2%B0%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Kromatisk_nyckelharpa_-_SMV_-_X5662_01_01_01_%28cropped%2C_rotated_90%C2%B0%29.tif/lossy-page1-600px-Kromatisk_nyckelharpa_-_SMV_-_X5662_01_01_01_%28cropped%2C_rotated_90%C2%B0%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3524" data-file-height="1599" /></a><figcaption>Chromatic nyckelharpa by <a href="/wiki/August_Bohlin" title="August Bohlin">August Bohlin</a> (1877–1949)</figcaption></figure> <p>The popularization of the nyckelharpa continued and by the early 20th century it had become an archetypal instrument for Swedish folk music, equivalent to the violin. From this point the instrument would see a wide range of developments to make it a more modern instrument for a modern audience. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ok%C3%A4nd_spelman_-_SMV_-_Jan_Lings_arkiv_Vol_3_080_(cropped).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ok%C3%A4nd_spelman_-_SMV_-_Jan_Lings_arkiv_Vol_3_080_%28cropped%29.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Ok%C3%A4nd_spelman_-_SMV_-_Jan_Lings_arkiv_Vol_3_080_%28cropped%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ok%C3%A4nd_spelman_-_SMV_-_Jan_Lings_arkiv_Vol_3_080_%28cropped%29.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Ok%C3%A4nd_spelman_-_SMV_-_Jan_Lings_arkiv_Vol_3_080_%28cropped%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ok%C3%A4nd_spelman_-_SMV_-_Jan_Lings_arkiv_Vol_3_080_%28cropped%29.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Ok%C3%A4nd_spelman_-_SMV_-_Jan_Lings_arkiv_Vol_3_080_%28cropped%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3175" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eric_Sahlstr%C3%B6m" title="Eric Sahlström">Eric Sahlström</a> (1912–1986) in 1967, playing nyckelharpa</figcaption></figure> <p>Changes by <a href="/wiki/August_Bohlin" title="August Bohlin">August Bohlin</a> (1877–1949) in 1929/1930 made the nyckelharpa a <a href="/wiki/Chromatic_scale" title="Chromatic scale">chromatic</a> instrument with a straight <a href="/wiki/Bow_(music)" title="Bow (music)">bow</a>, making it a more violin-like and no longer a <a href="/wiki/Drone_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drone (music)">bourdon</a> instrument.<sup id="cite_ref-World_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Composer, player and maker of nyckelharpor <a href="/wiki/Eric_Sahlstr%C3%B6m" title="Eric Sahlström">Eric Sahlström</a> (1912–1986) used this new instrument and helped to re-popularize it in the mid-20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-World_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In spite of this, the nyckelharpa's popularity declined until the 1960s <a href="/wiki/Roots_revival" title="Roots revival">roots revival</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The 1960s and 1970s saw a resurgence in the popularity of the nyckelharpa, with notable artists such as <a href="/wiki/Marco_Ambrosini" title="Marco Ambrosini">Marco Ambrosini</a> (Italy and Germany), Sture Sahlström, Gille, Peter Puma Hedlund and Nils Nordström including the nyckelharpa in both <a href="/wiki/Early_music" title="Early music">early music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_music" title="Contemporary music">contemporary music</a> offerings. Continued refinement of the instrument also contributed to the increase in popularity, with instrument builders like <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Claude_Condi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Claude Condi (page does not exist)">Jean-Claude Condi</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Annette_Osann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annette Osann (page does not exist)">Annette Osann</a> bringing innovation to the bow and body.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1990s, the nyckelharpa was recognised as one of the instruments available for study at the folk music department of the Royal College of Music in Stockholm (<a href="/wiki/Kungliga_Musikh%C3%B6gskolan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kungliga Musikhögskolan">Kungliga Musikhögskolan</a>). It has also been a prominent part of several revival groups in the later part of the century, including the trio <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4sen" title="Väsen">Väsen</a>, the more contemporary group <a href="/wiki/Hedningarna" title="Hedningarna">Hedningarna</a>, the Finnish folk music group <a href="/wiki/Hyperborea_(Finnish_folk_music_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperborea (Finnish folk music group)">Hyperborea</a> and the Swedish folk music groups <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%A5m" title="Dråm">Dråm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nordman" title="Nordman">Nordman</a>. It has also been used in non-Scandinavian musical contexts, for example by the Spanish player <a href="/wiki/Ana_Alcaide" title="Ana Alcaide">Ana Alcaide</a>, the English singer and multi-instrumentalist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Tam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna Tam (page does not exist)">Anna Tam</a>, and Sandra Schmitt of Storm Seeker, a <a href="/wiki/Pirate_metal" title="Pirate metal">pirate metal</a> band from Germany.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The first World Nyckelharpa Day<sup id="cite_ref-auto_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> took place on 26 April 2020 just as the world had gone into lockdown. All the events took place online, either as livestreams or pre-recorded videos on Youtube. This now is a yearly event taking place on the Sunday closest to 26 April – this being the birthday of the great nyckelharpa player <a href="/w/index.php?title=Byss-Calle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Byss-Calle (page does not exist)">Byss-Calle</a>. The event is co-ordinated by British/Swedish nyckelharpa player Vicki Swan.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>English composer <a href="/wiki/Natalie_Holt" title="Natalie Holt">Natalie Holt</a> used nyckelharpa for background score of the <a href="/wiki/Disney%2B" title="Disney+">Disney+</a> series <i><a href="/wiki/Loki_(TV_series)" title="Loki (TV series)">Loki</a></i> from 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1995" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1995">Eurovision Song Contest 1995</a> winner Norway's song "Nocturne" (Secret Garden Group) used this instrument in their performance.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reconstructional_archaeology">Reconstructional archaeology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyckelharpa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reconstructional archaeology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Emilio_Villalba.-_Viola_de_teclas_medieval_%28Nickelharpa%29._Saltarello.webm/220px--Emilio_Villalba.-_Viola_de_teclas_medieval_%28Nickelharpa%29._Saltarello.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="98" data-mwtitle="Emilio_Villalba.-_Viola_de_teclas_medieval_(Nickelharpa)._Saltarello.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Emilio_Villalba.-_Viola_de_teclas_medieval_(Nickelharpa)._Saltarello.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/Emilio_Villalba.-_Viola_de_teclas_medieval_%28Nickelharpa%29._Saltarello.webm/Emilio_Villalba.-_Viola_de_teclas_medieval_%28Nickelharpa%29._Saltarello.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Emilio_Villalba.-_Viola_de_teclas_medieval_%28Nickelharpa%29._Saltarello.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/Emilio_Villalba.-_Viola_de_teclas_medieval_%28Nickelharpa%29._Saltarello.webm/Emilio_Villalba.-_Viola_de_teclas_medieval_%28Nickelharpa%29._Saltarello.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /></video></span><figcaption><i>Siena-Harpa</i> being played by musician Emilio Villalba</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 21st century there has been a growing interest among enthusiast to resurrect the early historical nyckelharpa designs. This has led to countless recreations of preserved historical copies, such as the <a href="/wiki/Moraharpa" title="Moraharpa">moraharpa</a> and esseharpa,<sup id="cite_ref-Soittimet_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soittimet-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among others, but also a push to recreate nyckelharpa-designs only found in historical paintings, such as the one depicted in <a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a>, Italy. Such projects can be seen as <a href="/wiki/Reconstructional_archaeology" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstructional archaeology">reconstructional archaeology</a>, although reproductions are not always 1–1 clones of what is depicted in the old paintings. </p><p>The nyckelharpa depicted in Siena, Italy, has been dubbed <i>viola a chiavi di Siena</i> (Italian for "Sienan keyed viola"), or simply <i>Siena-Harpa</i> (also styled <i>Sienaharpa</i>) for short, relating to the Swedish naming-theme ("Siena harp"), and such a reconstruction was produced as part of an international research project around 2020, built by professional <a href="/wiki/Luthier" title="Luthier">luthier</a> Alexander Pilz, a seasoned maker of nyckelharpor working out of <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Siena-Harpa_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siena-Harpa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The popularisation of the Italian design has led other luthiers in recent years to produce reproductions of the depiction as well.<sup id="cite_ref-fiddle_klawiszowe_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fiddle_klawiszowe-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technique">Technique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyckelharpa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Technique"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaxholm_8556_(1158877619).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Vaxholm_8556_%281158877619%29.jpg/220px-Vaxholm_8556_%281158877619%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Vaxholm_8556_%281158877619%29.jpg/330px-Vaxholm_8556_%281158877619%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Vaxholm_8556_%281158877619%29.jpg/440px-Vaxholm_8556_%281158877619%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="994" /></a><figcaption>Traditional method of playing</figcaption></figure> <p>The nyckelharpa is usually played with a strap around the neck, stabilised by the right arm. <a href="/wiki/Didier_Fran%C3%A7ois" title="Didier François">Didier François</a>, a violinist and nyckelharpist from Belgium, is noted for using an unusual playing posture, holding the nyckelharpa vertically in front of the chest. This allows a wider range of motion for both arms. It also affects the tone and sound of the instrument. </p><p>Some players may use a violin bracket to keep the nyckelharpa away from the body so that it can swing freely, causing it to sound more "open" as its resonance is not damped.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Each nyckelharpa string is either a melody string, drone, or (in some instruments) resonance string. Melody strings are stopped using the keys, so different notes can be played when the string is bowed, depending on which key is depressed. Each key specifically stops one melody string. Drone strings are bowed but not stopped, so only one note can be played with them. Resonance strings are neither bowed nor stopped. They add to the <a href="/wiki/Timbre" title="Timbre">timbre</a> of the instrument by resonating in sympathy when the same note is played by bowing another string. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyckelharpa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several variants of the nyckelharpa being produced and played today, differing in the number and arrangement of keys, number and arrangement of strings, and general body shape. They can be divided into types "with resonance strings" and types "without resonance strings".<sup id="cite_ref-typo_short_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-typo_short-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-typo_1990_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-typo_1990-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyckelharpa.org_history_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyckelharpa.org_history-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-olov_johansson_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-olov_johansson-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also a variety of derivatives which belongs to the "keyed <a href="/wiki/Bowed_string_instrument" title="Bowed string instrument">bowed chordophone</a>-family" but do not necessarily have to be classified as nyckelharpor.<sup id="cite_ref-Viola_d'amore_a_chiavi_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Viola_d'amore_a_chiavi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Listed types below refer to Swedish/Nordic types as "variants", with other types being referred to as "derivatives". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variants_with_resonance_strings">Variants with resonance strings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyckelharpa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Variants with resonance strings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most common types of nyckelharpor are distinguished by having resonance strings. They can be divided into several subvariants, but the four main variants are as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-nyckelharpa.org_history_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyckelharpa.org_history-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-olov_johansson_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-olov_johansson-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Kromatisk nyckelharpa</b> ("<a href="/wiki/Chromatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromatic">chromatic</a> key harp") – most predominant type of nyckelharpa. The three-row so-called "chromatic nyckelharpa", with three melody strings tuned A1 – C1 – G, one drone tuned at C (from the highest to the lowest string) that is only touched occasionally, and 12 resonance strings (one for each step of the chromatic scale).</li> <li><b>Kontrabasharpa</b> ("double bass harp") – most popular during the 17th and 18th centuries. Typically the top has a high arch, and there are two oval-shaped soundholes in the lower bout called <i>oxögon</i>. The name "Kontrabasharpa" refers not to the pitch being any deeper than a standard nyckelharpa's (it isn't), but to the unstopped <a href="/wiki/Drone_string" class="mw-redirect" title="Drone string">drone string</a> which always resonates below the melody strings during regular play. The two melody strings are set up on either side of the drone string, such that melodies can be played as double stops between a single melody string and the open drone string without the two melody strings ever clashing.</li> <li><b>Silverbasharpa</b> ("silver base harp") – most popular in the 19th and early 20th centuries, so named because of the bass strings which are traditionally wound with silver. It is the immediate predecessor to the modern nyckelharpa, and the string configuration is identical, however it retains the older top with a more pronounced arch as well as the two <i>oxögon</i>. The main difference is that only the top two strings are stopped, meaning that the bottom C and G strings cannot play any other notes, and so nearly all of its repertoire is in the key of C. In addition, some silverbasharpor may be diatonic and not chromatic, and some keys may stop both melody strings at once.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Oktavharpa</b> ("octave harp") – invented by Lennart and Johan Hedin in 1996. It is essentially a modern three-row nyckelharpa tuned an octave down, almost identical to a cello. It is the lowest-pitched variant of the nyckelharpa.</li></ul> <p>The resonance strings, or <a href="/wiki/Sympathetic_strings" class="mw-redirect" title="Sympathetic strings">sympathetic strings</a>, which were added to the instrument during the 2nd half of the 16th century, are not bowed directly but resonate with the other strings. There can be anywhere from six to twelve of them, depending on the construction and tonality of the instrument. Some modern nyckelharpor have been made with four or even five rows of keys, however they have not been popular enough to replace the three-row nyckelharpa as the standard. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variants_without_resonance_strings">Variants without resonance strings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyckelharpa&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Variants without resonance strings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beyond the common variants with resonance strings, there are a variety of nyckelharpa designs without such. Some of examples include: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moraharpa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Moraharpa.jpg/220px-Moraharpa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Moraharpa.jpg/330px-Moraharpa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Moraharpa.jpg/440px-Moraharpa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Moraharpa" title="Moraharpa">Moraharpa</a> dated 1526 in the <a href="/wiki/Zorn_Collections" title="Zorn Collections">Zorn Collections</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mora_Municipality,_Sweden" title="Mora Municipality, Sweden">Mora Municipality, Sweden</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Moraharpa" title="Moraharpa">Moraharpa</a></b> ("Mora harp") – is the most common nyckelharpa derivative, based on a unique nyckelharpa found in the Swedish town of <a href="/wiki/Mora_Municipality,_Sweden" title="Mora Municipality, Sweden">Mora Municipality, Sweden</a>, dating to 1526 (although presumed to be from the later 17th century). This design has a straight bridge, one melody string, two drone strings, and one row of keys, with a body resembling a <a href="/wiki/Lute" title="Lute">lute</a>.</li> <li><b>Esseharpa</b> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> for "Esse harp") or <b>ähtävän harppu</b> (<a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> for "Ähtävä harp") – Finnish/<a href="/wiki/Fenno-Swedish" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenno-Swedish">Fenno-Swedish</a> nyckelharpa derivative, based on nyckelharpa examples from Fenno-Swedish former municipality <a href="/wiki/Esse,_Finland" title="Esse, Finland">Esse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>: <i lang="fi">Ähtävä</i>) in the Finnish region of <a href="/wiki/Ostrobothnia_(region)" title="Ostrobothnia (region)">Ostrobothnia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Österbotten</i>). It is small and cone-shaped with four (sometimes three) strings and one row of ten to fifteen keys.<sup id="cite_ref-typo_short_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-typo_short-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Soittimet_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soittimet-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Vefsenharpa</b> ("Vefsn harp") – Norwegian nyckelharpa derivative, based on nyckelharpa examples from <a href="/wiki/Vefsn_Municipality" title="Vefsn Municipality">Vefsn Municipality</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Vefsen</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Nordland" title="Nordland">Nordland</a> county, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>. Similar to the Esseharpa but with inward curves on the body.<sup id="cite_ref-typo_short_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-typo_short-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Derivatives">Derivatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyckelharpa&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Derivatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Viola a chiavi di Siena</b> ("Sienan keyed viola") or <b>Siena-Harpa</b> ("Siena harp") for short – is a nyckelharpa derivative based on the previously mentioned 1408 fresco by <a href="/wiki/Taddeo_di_Bartolo" title="Taddeo di Bartolo">Taddeo di Bartolo</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Pubblico" title="Palazzo Pubblico">Palazzo Pubblico</a> chapel in <a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a>, Italy, featuring an angel playing a nyckelharpa. As part of <a href="/wiki/Reconstructional_archaeology" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstructional archaeology">reconstructional archaeology</a>, this recreated design has three melody strings, one drone string, and one row of keys.<sup id="cite_ref-Siena-Harpa_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siena-Harpa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fiddle_klawiszowe_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fiddle_klawiszowe-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Viola d'amore a chiavi</b> ("keyed <a href="/wiki/Viola_d%27amore" title="Viola d'amore">viola d'amore</a>") – is a nyckelharpa derivative seemingly invented by professional <a href="/wiki/Luthier" title="Luthier">luthier</a> Alexander Pilz, a seasoned maker of nyckelharpor from <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, Germany. It has gut strings and is specially built for <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_music" title="Renaissance music">renaissance</a>-<a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">baroque music</a>. It has a different sound than traditional Swedish Nyckelharpor, closer to the <a href="/wiki/Viola_da_gamba" class="mw-redirect" title="Viola da gamba">viola da gamba</a>, and therefore has the name "keyed <a href="/wiki/Viola_d%27amore" title="Viola d'amore">viola d'amore</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Viola_d'amore_a_chiavi_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Viola_d'amore_a_chiavi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyckelharpa&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schluesselfidel_Knochenhaueramtshaus_Hildesheim.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Schlüsselfidel at the "Knochenhaueramtshaus", Hildesheim, Germany, 1529"><img alt="Schlüsselfidel at the "Knochenhaueramtshaus", Hildesheim, Germany, 1529" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Schluesselfidel_Knochenhaueramtshaus_Hildesheim.jpg/80px-Schluesselfidel_Knochenhaueramtshaus_Hildesheim.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Schluesselfidel_Knochenhaueramtshaus_Hildesheim.jpg/120px-Schluesselfidel_Knochenhaueramtshaus_Hildesheim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Schluesselfidel_Knochenhaueramtshaus_Hildesheim.jpg/160px-Schluesselfidel_Knochenhaueramtshaus_Hildesheim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="249" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Schlüsselfidel</i> at the "Knochenhaueramtshaus", Hildesheim, Germany, 1529</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronwyn_Bird_playing_the_nyckelharpa_in_concert_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronwyn Bird, member of Blue Moose, plays the nyckelharpa at a concert in 2007. Photo by Georgie Grd."><img alt="Bronwyn Bird, member of Blue Moose, plays the nyckelharpa at a concert in 2007. Photo by Georgie Grd." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Bronwyn_Bird_playing_the_nyckelharpa_in_concert_2007.jpg/120px-Bronwyn_Bird_playing_the_nyckelharpa_in_concert_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Bronwyn_Bird_playing_the_nyckelharpa_in_concert_2007.jpg/180px-Bronwyn_Bird_playing_the_nyckelharpa_in_concert_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Bronwyn_Bird_playing_the_nyckelharpa_in_concert_2007.jpg/240px-Bronwyn_Bird_playing_the_nyckelharpa_in_concert_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bronwyn Bird, member of Blue Moose, plays the nyckelharpa at a concert in 2007. Photo by Georgie Grd.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marco_Ambrosini_mit_der_Nyckelharpa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Marco Ambrosini at Burg Fürsteneck, Germany, playing a nyckelharpa built by Annette Osann"><img alt="Marco Ambrosini at Burg Fürsteneck, Germany, playing a nyckelharpa built by Annette Osann" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Marco_Ambrosini_mit_der_Nyckelharpa.jpg/97px-Marco_Ambrosini_mit_der_Nyckelharpa.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Marco_Ambrosini_mit_der_Nyckelharpa.jpg/145px-Marco_Ambrosini_mit_der_Nyckelharpa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Marco_Ambrosini_mit_der_Nyckelharpa.jpg/193px-Marco_Ambrosini_mit_der_Nyckelharpa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="807" data-file-height="1001" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Marco_Ambrosini" title="Marco Ambrosini">Marco Ambrosini</a> at <a href="/wiki/Burg_F%C3%BCrsteneck" class="mw-redirect" title="Burg Fürsteneck">Burg Fürsteneck</a>, Germany, playing a nyckelharpa built by Annette Osann</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Didier_Fran%C3%A7ois_teaching_his_special_nyckelharpa-technique.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Didier François teaching his special technique at the International Days of the Nyckelharpa at Burg Fürsteneck, 2023"><img alt="Didier François teaching his special technique at the International Days of the Nyckelharpa at Burg Fürsteneck, 2023" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Didier_Fran%C3%A7ois_teaching_his_special_nyckelharpa-technique.jpg/120px-Didier_Fran%C3%A7ois_teaching_his_special_nyckelharpa-technique.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Didier_Fran%C3%A7ois_teaching_his_special_nyckelharpa-technique.jpg/180px-Didier_Fran%C3%A7ois_teaching_his_special_nyckelharpa-technique.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Didier_Fran%C3%A7ois_teaching_his_special_nyckelharpa-technique.jpg/240px-Didier_Fran%C3%A7ois_teaching_his_special_nyckelharpa-technique.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4192" data-file-height="3187" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Didier_Fran%C3%A7ois" title="Didier François">Didier François</a> teaching his special technique at the International Days of the Nyckelharpa at Burg Fürsteneck, 2023</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Huldrelokkk_Bardentreffen_15_5481.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mia Gundberg Ådin (Huldrelokkk) playing the Nyckelharpa at the music festival Bardentreffen in Nuremberg, 2015"><img alt="Mia Gundberg Ådin (Huldrelokkk) playing the Nyckelharpa at the music festival Bardentreffen in Nuremberg, 2015" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Huldrelokkk_Bardentreffen_15_5481.jpg/120px-Huldrelokkk_Bardentreffen_15_5481.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Huldrelokkk_Bardentreffen_15_5481.jpg/180px-Huldrelokkk_Bardentreffen_15_5481.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Huldrelokkk_Bardentreffen_15_5481.jpg/240px-Huldrelokkk_Bardentreffen_15_5481.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mia Gundberg Ådin (Huldrelokkk) playing the Nyckelharpa at the music festival <a href="/wiki/Bardentreffen" title="Bardentreffen">Bardentreffen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>, 2015</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyckelharpa&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGunner_AhbäckGunner_Fredelius" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gunner Ahbäck; Gunner Fredelius. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030626172508/https://nyckelharpansforum.net/nyttljus/gf70.htm">"Different typologies for the nyckelharpa, typologies and terminologies in short (<i>Olika typologier för nyckelharpan, typologier och terminologi i korta drag</i>)"</a>. <i>nyckelharpansforum.net</i> (in Swedish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nyckelharpansforum.net/nyttljus/gf70.htm">the original</a> on 2003-06-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nyckelharpansforum.net&rft.atitle=Different+typologies+for+the+nyckelharpa%2C+typologies+and+terminologies+in+short+%28Olika+typologier+f%C3%B6r+nyckelharpan%2C+typologier+och+terminologi+i+korta+drag%29&rft.au=Gunner+Ahb%C3%A4ck&rft.au=Gunner+Fredelius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnyckelharpansforum.net%2Fnyttljus%2Fgf70.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunnar_AhlbäckGunnar_Fredelius" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gunnar Ahlbäck; Gunnar Fredelius. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nyckelharpansforum.net/nyttljus/typo.htm">"Nyckelharpans typologi"</a> (in Swedish). nyckelharpansforum.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nyckelharpans+typologi&rft.pub=nyckelharpansforum.net&rft.au=Gunnar+Ahlb%C3%A4ck&rft.au=Gunnar+Fredelius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnyckelharpansforum.net%2Fnyttljus%2Ftypo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyckelharpa.org/about/what-is-a-nyckelharpa/nyckelharpa-history/">"Nyckelharpa History"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nyckelharpa+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyckelharpa.org%2Fabout%2Fwhat-is-a-nyckelharpa%2Fnyckelharpa-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://olovjohansson.se/nyckelharpa/">"Nyckelharpa – olov johansson"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nyckelharpa+%E2%80%93+olov+johansson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Folovjohansson.se%2Fnyckelharpa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyckelharpa&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardanger_fiddle" title="Hardanger fiddle">Hardanger fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sweden" title="Music of Sweden">Music of Sweden</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyckelharpa&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTernhagBoström" class="citation web cs1">Ternhag, Gunnar; Boström, Mathias. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musikforskning.se/stmonline/vol_2/Bost_Tern/index.php?menu=3">"The Dissemination of the Nyckelharpa – The Ethnic and the non-Ethnic Ways"</a>. <i>STM-Online vol. 2 (1999)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=STM-Online+vol.+2+%281999%29&rft.atitle=The+Dissemination+of+the+Nyckelharpa+%E2%80%93+The+Ethnic+and+the+non-Ethnic+Ways&rft.aulast=Ternhag&rft.aufirst=Gunnar&rft.au=Bostr%C3%B6m%2C+Mathias&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musikforskning.se%2Fstmonline%2Fvol_2%2FBost_Tern%2Findex.php%3Fmenu%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyckelharpa.org/about-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyckelharpa.org/about_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyckelharpa.org/about/what-is-a-nyckelharpa/nyckelharpa-history/">"A Brief History of the Nyckelharpa"</a>. <i>nyckelharpa.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nyckelharpa.org&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Nyckelharpa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyckelharpa.org%2Fabout%2Fwhat-is-a-nyckelharpa%2Fnyckelharpa-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Motion_2001/02:Kr353-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Motion_2001/02:Kr353_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Motion_2001/02:Kr353_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Motion_2001/02:Kr353_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-lagar/dokument/motion/nyckelharpan-som-nationalinstrument_GP02Kr353">"Nyckelharpan som nationalinstrument"</a>. <i>riksdagen.se</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=riksdagen.se&rft.atitle=Nyckelharpan+som+nationalinstrument&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riksdagen.se%2Fsv%2Fdokument-lagar%2Fdokument%2Fmotion%2Fnyckelharpan-som-nationalinstrument_GP02Kr353&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://folkways.si.edu/strings-north-national-instruments-sweden-norway-finland/world-sounds/music/article/smithsonian">"National Instruments of Sweden"</a>. <i>folkways.si.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=folkways.si.edu&rft.atitle=National+Instruments+of+Sweden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffolkways.si.edu%2Fstrings-north-national-instruments-sweden-norway-finland%2Fworld-sounds%2Fmusic%2Farticle%2Fsmithsonian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siena-Harpa-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Siena-Harpa_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siena-Harpa_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siena-Harpa_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marcoambrosini.eu/the-siena-harpa-project/">"The "Siena-Harpa" Project"</a>. marcoambrosini.eu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+%22Siena-Harpa%22+Project&rft.pub=marcoambrosini.eu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marcoambrosini.eu%2Fthe-siena-harpa-project%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Viola_d'amore_a_chiavi-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Viola_d'amore_a_chiavi_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Viola_d'amore_a_chiavi_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Viola_d'amore_a_chiavi_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyckelharpa.be/about.html">"Viola d'amore a chiavi"</a>. <i>nyckelharpa.be</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nyckelharpa.be&rft.atitle=Viola+d%27amore+a+chiavi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyckelharpa.be%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrashers" class="citation web cs1">Brashers, Bart. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyckelharpa.org/resources/history.html">"A Brief History of the Nyckelharpa"</a>. <i>American Nyckelharpa Association</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Nyckelharpa+Association&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Nyckelharpa&rft.aulast=Brashers&rft.aufirst=Bart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyckelharpa.org%2Fresources%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-World-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-World_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-World_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-World_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-World_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroughtonEllinghamLusk2006" class="citation book cs1">Broughton, Simon; Ellingham, Mark; Lusk, Jon (28 September 2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoworl00simo/page/299"><i>The Rough Guide to World Music Vol. 1: Africa and the Middle East</i></a></span>. Rough Guides. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoworl00simo/page/299">299</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85828-635-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85828-635-8"><bdi>978-1-85828-635-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rough+Guide+to+World+Music+Vol.+1%3A+Africa+and+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=299&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2006-09-28&rft.isbn=978-1-85828-635-8&rft.aulast=Broughton&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.au=Ellingham%2C+Mark&rft.au=Lusk%2C+Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froughguidetoworl00simo%2Fpage%2F299&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history_per-ulf-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_per-ulf_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_per-ulf_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_per-ulf_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_per-ulf_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_per-ulf_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyckelharpa.eu/source/PDF/history-of-the-nyckelharpa_per-ulf-allmo-de.pdf">"history-of-the-nyckelharpa_per-ulf-allmo-de.pdf"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>nyckelharpa.eu</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nyckelharpa.eu&rft.atitle=history-of-the-nyckelharpa_per-ulf-allmo-de.pdf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyckelharpa.eu%2Fsource%2FPDF%2Fhistory-of-the-nyckelharpa_per-ulf-allmo-de.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyckelharpa.org/about/what-is-a-nyckelharpa/nyckelharpa-history/">"Nyckleharpa History"</a>. <i>www.nyckelharpa.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nyckelharpa.org&rft.atitle=Nyckleharpa+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyckelharpa.org%2Fabout%2Fwhat-is-a-nyckelharpa%2Fnyckelharpa-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldnyckelharpaday.com/">"World Nyckelharpa Day – Sunday 23 April 2023"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Nyckelharpa+Day+%E2%80%93+Sunday+23+April+2023&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldnyckelharpaday.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nyckelharpa.me.uk/">"The Nyckelharpa Effect – Virtual and in Real life Nyckelharpa Learning"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nyckelharpa+Effect+%E2%80%93+Virtual+and+in+Real+life+Nyckelharpa+Learning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnyckelharpa.me.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldnyckelharpaday.com/2020-2">"2020 – World Nyckelharpa Day"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+%E2%80%93+World+Nyckelharpa+Day&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldnyckelharpaday.com%2F2020-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurlingame2021" class="citation web cs1">Burlingame, Jon (2021-07-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2021/artisans/news/loki-music-composer-score-natalie-holt-1235009498/">"The Weird, Unsettling Music of <i>Loki</i>: Composer Natalie Holt Breaks Down the Marvel Series' Score"</a>. <i>Variety</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=The+Weird%2C+Unsettling+Music+of+Loki%3A+Composer+Natalie+Holt+Breaks+Down+the+Marvel+Series%27+Score&rft.date=2021-07-01&rft.aulast=Burlingame&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2021%2Fartisans%2Fnews%2Floki-music-composer-score-natalie-holt-1235009498%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qqOI04uo_c"><i>Nocturne - Secret Garden - Norway 1995 - Eurovision songs with live orchestra</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-11</span></span> – via www.youtube.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nocturne+-+Secret+Garden+-+Norway+1995+-+Eurovision+songs+with+live+orchestra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D6qqOI04uo_c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Soittimet-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Soittimet_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Soittimet_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kansanmusiikinmatkassa.blogspot.com/p/soittimet.html">"Soittimet"</a>. <i>kansanmusiikinmatkassa.blogspot.com</i> (in Finnish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kansanmusiikinmatkassa.blogspot.com&rft.atitle=Soittimet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkansanmusiikinmatkassa.blogspot.com%2Fp%2Fsoittimet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fiddle_klawiszowe-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fiddle_klawiszowe_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fiddle_klawiszowe_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lucjankosciolek.wixsite.com/hurdygurdy/gallery">"fiddle klawiszowe"</a>. <i>lucjankosciolek.wixsite.com</i> (in Polish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-01</span></span>. <q>Rekonstrukcja instrumentu z fresku znajdującego się w Palazzo Pubblico w Sienie we Włoszech, namalowanego przez Taddeo di Bartolo w 1408 roku. Instrument sopranowy o skali skrzypiec w pierwszej pozycji.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lucjankosciolek.wixsite.com&rft.atitle=fiddle+klawiszowe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flucjankosciolek.wixsite.com%2Fhurdygurdy%2Fgallery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-typo_short-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-typo_short_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-typo_short_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-typo_short_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunnar_AhlbäckGunnar_Fredelius" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gunnar Ahlbäck; Gunnar Fredelius. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030626172508/https://nyckelharpansforum.net/nyttljus/gf70.htm">"Different typologies for the nyckelharpa, typologies and terminologies in short (<i>Olika typologier för nyckelharpan, typologier och terminologi i korta drag</i>)"</a>. <i>nyckelharpansforum.net</i> (in Swedish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nyckelharpansforum.net/nyttljus/gf70.htm">the original</a> on 2003-06-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nyckelharpansforum.net&rft.atitle=Different+typologies+for+the+nyckelharpa%2C+typologies+and+terminologies+in+short+%28Olika+typologier+f%C3%B6r+nyckelharpan%2C+typologier+och+terminologi+i+korta+drag%29&rft.au=Gunnar+Ahlb%C3%A4ck&rft.au=Gunnar+Fredelius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnyckelharpansforum.net%2Fnyttljus%2Fgf70.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-typo_1990-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-typo_1990_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunnar_AhlbäckGunnar_Fredelius" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gunnar Ahlbäck; Gunnar Fredelius. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nyckelharpansforum.net/nyttljus/typo.htm">"Nyckelharpans typologi"</a> (in Swedish). nyckelharpansforum.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nyckelharpans+typologi&rft.pub=nyckelharpansforum.net&rft.au=Gunnar+Ahlb%C3%A4ck&rft.au=Gunnar+Fredelius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnyckelharpansforum.net%2Fnyttljus%2Ftypo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyckelharpa.org_history-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyckelharpa.org_history_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyckelharpa.org_history_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyckelharpa.org/about/what-is-a-nyckelharpa/nyckelharpa-history/">"Nyckelharpa History"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nyckelharpa+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyckelharpa.org%2Fabout%2Fwhat-is-a-nyckelharpa%2Fnyckelharpa-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-olov_johansson-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-olov_johansson_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-olov_johansson_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://olovjohansson.se/nyckelharpa/">"Nyckelharpa – olov johansson"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nyckelharpa+%E2%80%93+olov+johansson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Folovjohansson.se%2Fnyckelharpa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nyckelharpansforum.net/global/types.htm">"The Nyckelharpa"</a>. <i>nyckelharpansforum.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nyckelharpansforum.net&rft.atitle=The+Nyckelharpa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnyckelharpansforum.net%2Fglobal%2Ftypes.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyckelharpa&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nyckelharpa.burg-fuersteneck.de/nyckelharpa_eng.html">"International Days of the Nyckelharpa at BURG FÜRSTENECK (Germany) – workshop, concert, conference, exhibition, seminar and exchange of experience"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Days+of+the+Nyckelharpa+at+BURG+F%C3%9CRSTENECK+%28Germany%29+%E2%80%93+workshop%2C+concert%2C+conference%2C+exhibition%2C+seminar+and+exchange+of+experience&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnyckelharpa.burg-fuersteneck.de%2Fnyckelharpa_eng.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyckelharpa.eu/">"Nyckelharpa in Europe – The European Nyckelharpa Cooperation"</a>. <i>www.nyckelharpa.eu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nyckelharpa.eu&rft.atitle=Nyckelharpa+in+Europe+%E2%80%93+The+European+Nyckelharpa+Cooperation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyckelharpa.eu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRNCBCVCY1s"><span class="plainlinks">Kornel Mariusz Radwanski plays The Alchemist's Dance on nyckelharpa with James Kline on archharp-guitar</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nyckelharpa.me.uk/">"Nyckelharpa Workshops and Teaching in the UK"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nyckelharpa+Workshops+and+Teaching+in+the+UK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnyckelharpa.me.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyckelharpa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1CiGy2nzRXs"><span class="plainlinks">What is a Nyckelharpa?</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballad" title="Ballad">Ballads</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_Ballads" title="Child Ballads">Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_ballad" title="Murder ballad">Murder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_(music)" title="Carol (music)">Carols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_carol" title="Christmas carol">Christmas carol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koliadka" title="Koliadka">Koliadka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_music" title="Children's music">Children's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">Dance music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_song" title="Drinking song">Drinking song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_song" title="Love song">Love song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protest_song" title="Protest song">Protest song</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_song" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-war song">Anti-war song</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_shanty" title="Sea shanty">Sea shanties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporting_song" title="Sporting song">Sporting song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_song" title="War song">War songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_song" title="Work song">Work song</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Fusions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_primitive_guitar" title="American primitive guitar">American primitive guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-folk" title="Anti-folk">Anti-folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_music" title="Bluegrass music">Bluegrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Country folk">Country folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangdut" title="Dangdut">Dangdut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koplo" title="Koplo">Koplo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filk_music" title="Filk music">Filk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_baroque" title="Folk baroque">Folk baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_jazz" title="Folk jazz">Folk jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk-pop" title="Folk-pop">Folk-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">Folk rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal">Folk metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_metal" title="Celtic metal">Celtic metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">Medieval metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_punk" title="Folk punk">Folk punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_rock" title="Celtic rock">Celtic rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_metal" title="Celtic metal">Celtic metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folktronica" title="Folktronica">Folktronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_folk" title="Indie folk">Indie folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_folk_music" title="Industrial folk music">Industrial folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_folk_rock" title="Medieval folk rock">Medieval folk rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">Medieval metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mui%C3%B1eira" title="Muiñeira">Muiñeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neofolk" title="Neofolk">Neofolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerd-folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Nerd-folk">Nerd-folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_folk" title="Psychedelic folk">Psychedelic folk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freak_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Freak folk">Freak folk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Weird_America" title="New Weird America">New Weird America</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_folk" title="Progressive folk">Progressive folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%AF" title="Raï">Raï</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skiffle" title="Skiffle">Skiffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamang_Selo" title="Tamang Selo">Tamang Selo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallenato" title="Vallenato">Vallenato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%E1%BA%A9m" title="Xẩm">Xẩm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_music_traditions" title="List of folk music traditions">Regional <br /> traditions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="North_America441" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_folk_music_traditions" title="List of North American folk music traditions">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Central_American_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Central American folk music traditions">Central America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mexico#Traditional_folk_music" title="Music of Mexico">Mexican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corrido" title="Corrido">Corrido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_calentano" title="Son calentano">Son calentano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_jarocho" title="Son jarocho">Son jarocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_huasteco" title="Son huasteco">Son huasteco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tierra_Caliente_music" title="Tierra Caliente music">Tierra Caliente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui_music" title="Yaqui music">Yaqui</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Panama#Folk_music" title="Music of Panama">Panamanian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_North_America" title="Indigenous music of North America">Indigenous North<br />American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_Canada" title="Indigenous music of Canada">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arapaho_music" title="Arapaho music">Arapaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfeet_music" title="Blackfeet music">Blackfeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dene_music" title="Dene music">Dene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innu_music" title="Innu music">Innu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_music" title="Inuit music">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_music" title="Iroquois music">Iroquois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiowa_music" title="Kiowa music">Kiowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwakwaka%27wakw_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwakwaka'wakw music">Kwakwaka'wakw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_fiddle" title="Métis fiddle">Métis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_music" title="Navajo music">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_music" title="Pueblo music">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_music" title="Seminole music">Seminole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_music" title="Sioux music">Sioux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui_music" title="Yaqui music">Yaqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuman_music" title="Yuman music">Yuman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/American_folk_music" title="American folk music">American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_music" title="Appalachian music">Appalachian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old-time_music" title="Old-time music">Old-time</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_folk_music_revival" title="American folk music revival">Folk revival</a> (1950s–60s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Hawaii#Folk_music" title="Music of Hawaii">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_music" title="New Mexico music">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Dirt_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Dirt (music)">Red Dirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_music_(North_America)" title="Western music (North America)">Western</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/African-American_music" title="African-American music">African-American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dixieland" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixieland">Dixieland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jug_band" title="Jug band">Jug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual (music)">Spirituals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americana_music" title="Americana music">Americana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roots_rock" title="Roots rock">Roots rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_music" title="Bluegrass music">Bluegrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Country folk">Country folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_pop" title="Country pop">Country pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_rock" title="Country rock">Country rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honky-tonk" title="Honky-tonk">Honky-tonk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">Rockabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_soul" title="Southern soul">Southern soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_swing" title="Western swing">Western swing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_folk_music" title="Canadian folk music">Canadian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_fiddle" title="Canadian fiddle">Canadian fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_Canada" title="Indigenous music of Canada">Indigenous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dene_music" title="Dene music">Dene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innu_music" title="Innu music">Innu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_music" title="Inuit music">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_fiddle" title="Métis fiddle">Métis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Canadian_cultures" title="Music of Canadian cultures">by ethnocultural group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_music_in_Canada" title="Celtic music in Canada">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French-Canadian_music" title="French-Canadian music">French</a></li></ul></li> <li>by region <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Canada%27s_Prairie_Provinces" title="Music of Canada's Prairie Provinces">Prairies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Quebec" title="Music of Quebec">Québécois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_fiddle" title="Quebec fiddle">Quebec fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9o-trad" title="Néo-trad">Néo-trad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Maritimes" title="Music of the Maritimes">Maritime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_fiddling" title="Cape Breton fiddling">Cape Breton fiddling</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Caribbean folk music traditions">Caribbean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_folk_music" title="Cuban folk music">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Haiti#Folk_music" title="Music of Haiti">Haitian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kontradans" title="Kontradans">Kontradans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_folk_music" title="Jamaican folk music">Jamaican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mento" title="Mento">Mento</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago#Folk_traditions" title="Music of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidadian and Tobagonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cariso" title="Cariso">Cariso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chutney_music" title="Chutney music">Chutney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chutney_parang" title="Chutney parang">Chutney parang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chutney_soca" title="Chutney soca">Chutney soca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiso" title="Kaiso">Kaiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parang_(folk_music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parang (folk music)">Parang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soca_music" title="Soca music">Soca</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_American_folk_music_traditions" title="List of South American folk music traditions">South American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brazil#Indigenous_and_folk_music" title="Music of Brazil">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chile#Chilean_folk_music" title="Music of Chile">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Venezuela#Folk" title="Music of Venezuela">Venezuelan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_zuliana" title="Gaita zuliana">Gaita zuliana</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanic_and_Australian_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Oceanic and Australian folk music traditions">Oceanian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Australia#Folk_music" title="Music of Australia">Australian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_folk_music" title="Australian folk music">White Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Australian music">Indigenous Australian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Music of the Cook Islands">Cook Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Easter_Island" title="Music of Easter Island">Easter Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maori_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Maori music">Maori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Music of the Marshall Islands">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Music of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Samoa" title="Music of Samoa">Samoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tahiti" title="Music of Tahiti">Tahitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tonga" title="Music of Tonga">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tuvalu" title="Music of Tuvalu">Tuvaluan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Asian folk music traditions">Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bangladesh#Folk_music" title="Music of Bangladesh">Bangladeshi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhawaiya" title="Bhawaiya">Bhawaiya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bhutan#Folk_music" title="Music of Bhutan">Bhutanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toi_music" title="Toi music">Central Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_traditional_music" title="Chinese traditional music">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_music_(genre)" title="Guangdong music (genre)">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_hill_song" title="Hakka hill song">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangnan_sizhu" title="Jiangnan sizhu">Jingnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanguan_music" title="Nanguan music">Lâm-kóan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiguan_music" title="Beiguan music">Pak-kóan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_string_music" title="Teochew string music">Teochew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongguo_feng_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongguo feng (music)">Zhongguo feng</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_folk_music" title="Philippine folk music">Filipino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodabil">Bodabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundiman" title="Kundiman">Kundiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_sound" title="Manila sound">Manila sound</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_folk_music" title="Indian folk music">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamrupi_Lokgeet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamrupi Lokgeet">Kamrupi Lokgeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasiya" title="Rasiya">Rasiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanedo" title="Sanedo">Sanedo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia#Folk_music" title="Music of Indonesia">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_music" title="Traditional Japanese music">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Min%27y%C5%8D" title="Min'yō">Min'yō</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_music_of_Korea" title="Traditional music of Korea">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trot_(music)" title="Trot (music)">Trot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mongolia#Folk_music" title="Music of Mongolia">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nepal#Folk_music" title="Music of Nepal">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_folk_music" title="Pakistani folk music">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vietnam#Folk_music" title="Music of Vietnam">Vietnamese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quan_h%E1%BB%8D" title="Quan họ">Quan họ</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_folk_music_traditions" title="List of European folk music traditions">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_folk_music" title="Alpine folk music">Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Austria#Folk_music" title="Music of Austria">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narodna_muzika" class="mw-redirect" title="Narodna muzika">Balkan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Albania#Folk_music" title="Music of Albania">Albanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tallava" title="Tallava">Tallava</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina#Folk_music" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian and Herzegovinan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sevdalinka" title="Sevdalinka">Sevdalinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bulgaria#Folk_music" title="Music of Bulgaria">Bulgarian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalga" title="Chalga">Chalga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Croatia#Folk_music" title="Music of Croatia">Croatian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_folk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek folk music">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La%C3%AFko" title="Laïko">Laïko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebetiko" title="Rebetiko">Rebetiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsifteteli" title="Tsifteteli">Tsifteteli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_folk_music" title="Italian folk music">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kosovo#Folk_music" title="Music of Kosovo">Kosovan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tallava" title="Tallava">Tallava</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Montenegro#Music" title="Culture of Montenegro">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Macedonia#Folk_music" title="Music of North Macedonia">Macedonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Calgija" title="Čalgija">Čalgija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_music" title="Romani music">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Romania#Folk_music" title="Music of Romania">Romanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manele" title="Manele">Manele</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_folk_music" title="Serbian folk music">Serbian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_brass" title="Balkan brass">Balkan brass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starogradska_muzika" title="Starogradska muzika">Starogradska muzika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo-folk" title="Turbo-folk">Turbo-folk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovenia#Folk_music" title="Music of Slovenia">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_folk_music" title="Turkish folk music">Turkish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_blues" title="Anatolian blues">Anatolian blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Anatolian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabesque_(Turkish_music)" title="Arabesque (Turkish music)">Arabesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantezi" title="Fantezi">Fantezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsifteteli" title="Tsifteteli">Tsifteteli</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Belarus#Folk_music" title="Music of Belarus">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brittany" title="Music of Brittany">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_music" title="Celtic music">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_fusion" title="Celtic fusion">Celtic fusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_metal" title="Celtic metal">Celtic metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_rock" title="Celtic rock">Celtic rock</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_folk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech folk music">Czech</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_traditional_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Moravian traditional music">Moravian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">Polka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_traditional_music" title="Danish traditional music">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Netherlands#Folk_music" title="Music of the Netherlands">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_folk_music" title="English folk music">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hornpipe" title="Hornpipe">Hornpipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jig" title="Jig">Jigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_dance" title="Morris dance">Morris dance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Estonia#Folk_music" title="Music of Estonia">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Finland#Folk_music" title="Music of Finland">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_folk_music" title="French folk music">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Germany#Folk_music" title="Music of Germany">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_folk_music" title="Hungarian folk music">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_folk_music" title="Icelandic folk music">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">Irish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_folk_music" title="Gaelic folk music">Gaelic folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornpipe" title="Hornpipe">Hornpipe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Latvia#Folk_music" title="Music of Latvia">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lithuania#Folk_music" title="Music of Lithuania">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malta#Folk_music" title="Music of Malta">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Norway#Folk_music" title="Music of Norway">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Poland#Traditional_folk_music" title="Music of Poland">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_music" title="Pontic Greek music">Pontic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Portugal#Folk_music" title="Music of Portugal">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_folk_music#Authentic_folk_music" title="Russian folk music">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_folk_music" title="Scottish folk music">Scottish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_folk_music" title="Gaelic folk music">Gaelic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovenia#Folk_music" title="Music of Slovenia">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain#Folk_music" title="Music of Spain">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_folk_music" title="Swedish folk music">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Switzerland#Folk_music" title="Music of Switzerland">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_folk_music" title="Ukrainian folk music">Ukrainian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_songs" title="Cossack songs">Cossack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumka_(musical_genre)" title="Dumka (musical genre)">Dumka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Wales#Folk_music" title="Music of Wales">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Middle_Eastern_and_North_African_folk_music_traditions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Middle Eastern and North African folk music traditions">Middle Eastern and<br />North African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_folk_music" title="Armenian folk music">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_folk/pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian folk/pop music">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_folk_music" title="Azerbaijani folk music">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Egypt#Folk_and_roots_revival" title="Music of Egypt">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantezi" title="Fantezi">Fantezi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_folk_music" title="Iranian folk music">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Israel#Land_of_Israel_style" title="Music of Israel">Israeli</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klezmer" title="Klezmer">Klezmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_music" title="Mizrahi music">Mizrahi music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_music" title="Pontic Greek music">Pontic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_folk_music" title="Turkish folk music">Turkish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_blues" title="Anatolian blues">Anatolian blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Anatolian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabesque_(Turkish_music)" title="Arabesque (Turkish music)">Arabesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsifteteli" title="Tsifteteli">Tsifteteli</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br /> articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_folk_music" title="Contemporary folk music">20th-century Western folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acoustic_music" title="Acoustic music">Acoustic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filk_music" title="Filk music">Filk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Folk_festivals" title="Category:Folk festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_club" title="Folk club">Folk clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_dance" title="Folk dance">Folk dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_instrument" title="Folk instrument">Instruments</a></li> <li>List <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_song_collections" title="List of folk song collections">Collections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_songs_by_Roud_number" title="List of folk songs by Roud number">Roud number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Child_Ballads" title="List of the Child Ballads">Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Malcolm_Laws" title="George Malcolm Laws">Laws numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_country" title="Outlaw country">Outlaw country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">Progressive rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub_session" title="Pub session">Pub session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Folk_record_labels" title="Category:Folk record labels">Record labels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roots_revival" title="Roots revival">Roots revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">World music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Worldbeat" title="Worldbeat">Worldbeat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_music" title="History of music">History of music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Swedish_folk_music78" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Swedish_folk_music" title="Template:Swedish folk music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Swedish_folk_music" title="Template talk:Swedish folk music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Swedish_folk_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Swedish folk music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Swedish_folk_music78" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_folk_music" title="Swedish folk music">Swedish folk music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gammaldans" title="Gammaldans">Gammaldans</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sweden" title="Music of Sweden">Music of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_folk_music" title="Nordic folk music">Nordic folk music</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spelmanslag" title="Spelmanslag">Spelmanslag</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Nordic_dance_music" title="Traditional Nordic dance music">Traditional Nordic dance music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tune Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2/4 Dances</dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Engelska" class="mw-redirect" title="Engelska">Engelska</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">Polka and Polkett</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Schottische#Sweden" title="Schottische">Schottis</a></i></dd></dl> <dl><dt>3/4 Dances</dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Hambo" title="Hambo">Hambo</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mazurka" title="Mazurka">Mazurka</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Polska_(dance)" title="Polska (dance)">Polska</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%A4ngpolska" title="Slängpolska">Slängpolska</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Waltz" title="Waltz">Vals</a></i></dd></dl> <dl><dt>4/4 Dance</dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A5ngl%C3%A5t" title="Gånglåt">Gånglåt</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Snoa_(dance)" title="Snoa (dance)">Snoa</a></i></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Miscellaneous</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wedding_march" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding march">Wedding march</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">Accordion</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zither" title="Zither">Cittra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drejelire" title="Drejelire">Drejelire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4rjedalspipa" title="Härjedalspipa">Härjedalspipa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hummel_(instrument)" title="Hummel (instrument)">Hummel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swedish_cowhorn" title="Swedish cowhorn">Kohorn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A5tfiol" title="Låtfiol">Låtfiol</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Birch_trumpet" title="Birch trumpet">Näverlur</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nyckelharpa</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moraharpa" title="Moraharpa">Moraharpa</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psalmodicon" title="Psalmodicon">Psalmodicon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Willow_flute" title="Willow flute">Sälgflöjt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spil%C3%A5pipa" title="Spilåpipa">Spilåpipa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swedish_bagpipes" title="Swedish bagpipes">Svensk säckpipa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiddle" title="Fiddle">Violin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeolian_mode" title="Aeolian mode">Aeolian mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorian_mode" title="Dorian mode">Dorian mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_scale#Melodic_minor_scale" title="Minor scale">Harmonic minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_mode" title="Ionian mode">Ionian mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_mode" title="Lydian mode">Lydian mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixolydian_mode" title="Mixolydian mode">Mixolydian mode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_traditional_music" title="Danish traditional music">Danish folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Finland#Folk_music" title="Music of Finland">Finnish folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_folk_music" title="Icelandic folk music">Icelandic folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Norway#Traditional_.28Folk.29_music" title="Music of Norway">Norwegian folk music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_folk_musicians" title="List of Swedish folk musicians">List of Swedish folk musicians</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spelman_(music)" title="Spelman (music)">Spelman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Riksspelman" title="Riksspelman">Riksspelman</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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